Datasets:

rs545837

/

jenny-tts-6h-tagged

like 0

jenny/1277

For that matter, even religious worship would have been permitted if the proles had shown any sign of needing or wanting it.

for that matter, even religious worship would have been permitted if the proles had shown any sign of needing or wanting it.

quite fast

fɔɹ ðæt mætɜ˞, ivɪn ɹɪlɪdʒʌs wɜ˞ʃʌp wʊd hæv bɪn pɜ˞mɪtɪd ɪf ðʌ hæd ʃoʊn ɛni saɪn ʌv nidɪŋ ɔɹ wɑntɪŋ ɪt.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

slightly monotone

'Jenny's speech is very clear, but there's a bit of background noise and a slightly monotonous tone.'

jenny/12780

They would then purify and analyze the fragments using gel electrophoresis and then later recombine the fragments into a novel DNA sequence using DNA ligase.

they would then purify and analyze the fragments using gel electrophoresis and then later recombine the fragments into a novel dna sequence using dna ligase.

moderate speed

ðeɪ wʊd ðɛn pjʊɹʌfaɪ ʌnd ænʌlaɪz ðʌ fɹæɡmʌnts juzɪŋ dʒɛl ɪlɛktɹoʊfɔɹɪsɪs ʌnd ðɛn leɪtɜ˞ ɹikʌmbaɪn ðʌ fɹæɡmʌnts ɪntu ʌ nɑvʌl diɛneɪ sikwʌns juzɪŋ diɛneɪ .

quite noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'The speech sample is very noisy and has a very monotone tone, delivered very slowly.'

jenny/12781

Once the host cell or organism has received and integrated the recombinant DNA, it is described as transgenic.

once the host cell or organism has received and integrated the recombinant dna, it is described as transgenic.

slightly fast

wʌns ðʌ hoʊst sɛl ɔɹ ɔɹɡʌnɪzʌm hæz ɹʌsivd ʌnd ɪntʌɡɹeɪtʌd ðʌ ɹɪkɑmbɪnʌnt diɛneɪ, ɪt ɪz dɪskɹaɪbd æz tɹænzdʒɛnɪk.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'The speech sample is clear but slightly muffled due to the moderate ambient sound and the slightly fast pace of delivery.'

jenny/12782

A recombinant DNA can be inserted in one of two ways.

a recombinant dna can be inserted in one of two ways.

slightly fast

ʌ ɹɪkɑmbɪnʌnt diɛneɪ kæn bi ɪnsɜ˞tʌd ɪn wʌn ʌv tu weɪz.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny speaks very clearly, but her voice is quite monotone and slightly slow.'

jenny/12783

A common method is to simply insert the DNA into a host chromosome, with the site of insertion being random.

a common method is to simply insert the dna into a host chromosome, with the site of insertion being random.

moderate speed

ʌ kɑmʌn mɛθʌd ɪz tu sɪmpli ɪnsɜ˞t ðʌ diɛneɪ ɪntu ʌ hoʊst kɹoʊmʌsoʊm, wɪð ðʌ saɪt ʌv ɪnsɜ˞ʃʌn biɪŋ ɹændʌm.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'The speech sample has moderate ambient sound with some noticeable background noise.'

jenny/12784

Plasmids from bacterial cells such as E. coli are typically used as vectors due to their relatively small size e.g.

plasmids from bacterial cells such as e. coli are typically used as vectors due to their relatively small size e.g.

moderate speed

fɹʌm bæktɪɹiʌl sɛlz sʌtʃ æz i. koʊli ɑɹ tɪpɪkli juzd æz vɛktɜ˞z du tu ðɛɹ ɹɛlʌtɪvli smɔl saɪz i.dʒi.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny speaks in a monotone voice with moderate speed, with a bit of background noise that is neither very noisy nor very clear'.

jenny/12786

A gene coding for a selectable marker such as antibiotic resistance is also incorporated into the vector.

a gene coding for a selectable marker such as antibiotic resistance is also incorporated into the vector.

moderate speed

ʌ dʒin koʊdɪŋ fɔɹ ʌ mɑɹkɜ˞ sʌtʃ æz æntibaɪɑtɪk ɹɪzɪstʌns ɪz ɔlsoʊ ɪnkɔɹpɜ˞eɪtɪd ɪntu ðʌ vɛktɜ˞.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny's speech is quite monotone, with a very slight background noise.'

jenny/12787

Inclusion of this market allows for the selection of only those host cells that contained the recombinant DNA while discarding those that do not.

inclusion of this market allows for the selection of only those host cells that contained the recombinant dna while discarding those that do not.

moderate speed

ɪnkluʒʌn ʌv ðɪs mɑɹkʌt ʌlaʊz fɔɹ ðʌ sʌlɛkʃʌn ʌv oʊnli ðoʊz hoʊst sɛlz ðæt kʌnteɪnd ðʌ ɹɪkɑmbɪnʌnt diɛneɪ waɪl dɪskɑɹdɪŋ ðoʊz ðæt du nɑt.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny speaks with a moderate pace and has a slightly noisy but consistent tone.'

jenny/12788

Moreover, the marker also serves as a reporter gene that once expressed, can be easily detected and measured.

moreover, the marker also serves as a reporter gene that once expressed, can be easily detected and measured.

moderate speed

mɔɹoʊvɜ˞, ðʌ mɑɹkɜ˞ ɔlsoʊ sɜ˞vz æz ʌ ɹɪpɔɹtɜ˞ dʒin ðæt wʌns ɪkspɹɛst, kæn bi izʌli dɪtɛktʌd ʌnd mɛʒɜ˞d.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny's speech is very quiet and monotone, recorded in a moderate environment with some ambient sounds in the background.'

jenny/12789

These transgenic cells then produce large quantities of the transgene product such as human insulin, which was the first medicine to be made using recombinant DNA technology.

these transgenic cells then produce large quantities of the transgene product such as human insulin, which was the first medicine to be made using recombinant dna technology.

moderate speed

ðiz tɹænzdʒɛnɪk sɛlz ðɛn pɹʌdus lɑɹdʒ kwɑntʌtiz ʌv ðʌ pɹɑdʌkt sʌtʃ æz hjumʌn ɪnsʌlʌn, wɪtʃ wɑz ðʌ fɜ˞st mɛdʌsʌn tu bi meɪd juzɪŋ ɹɪkɑmbɪnʌnt diɛneɪ tɛknɑlʌdʒi.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks with a very monotone tone in a moderately noisy environment.'

jenny/1278

They were beneath suspicion.

they were beneath suspicion.

quite fast

ðeɪ wɜ˞ bɪniθ sʌspɪʃʌn.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny speaks with a very clear but slightly monotone tone, and her voice is very fast.'

jenny/12790

DNA fragments used in molecular cloning procedures can also be used to create a genomic library.

dna fragments used in molecular cloning procedures can also be used to create a genomic library.

slightly fast

diɛneɪ fɹæɡmʌnts juzd ɪn mʌlɛkjʌlɜ˞ kloʊnɪŋ pɹʌsidʒɜ˞z kæn ɔlsoʊ bi juzd tu kɹieɪt ʌ laɪbɹɛɹi.

very noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'The speech is very noisy and monotone, with a lot of background noise and a limited range of tone.'.

jenny/12791

Other biotechnology tools include DNA microarrays, expression vectors, synthetic genomics, and CRISPR gene editing.

other biotechnology tools include dna microarrays, expression vectors, synthetic genomics, and crispr gene editing.

slightly slowly

ʌðɜ˞ baɪoʊtɛknɑlʌdʒi tulz ɪnklud diɛneɪ , ɪkspɹɛʃʌn vɛktɜ˞z, sɪnθɛtɪk dʒinoʊmɪks, ʌnd dʒin ɛdʌtɪŋ.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny's voice is very quiet and monotone, with a moderate amount of ambient noise in the background.'

jenny/12792

Other approaches such as pharming can produce large quantities of medically useful products through the use of genetically modified organisms.

other approaches such as pharming can produce large quantities of medically useful products through the use of genetically modified organisms.

slightly fast

ʌðɜ˞ ʌpɹoʊtʃʌz sʌtʃ æz kæn pɹʌdus lɑɹdʒ kwɑntʌtiz ʌv mɛdʌkli jusfʌl pɹɑdʌkts θɹu ðʌ jus ʌv dʒʌnɛtɪkli mɑdʌfaɪd ɔɹɡʌnɪzʌmz.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

very monotone

'The speech sample is very quiet and has a moderate ambient sound, but the tone is very monotone and the pace is slightly fast.'

jenny/12793

Many of these other tools also have wide applications such as creating medically useful proteins, or improving plant cultivation and animal husbandry.

many of these other tools also have wide applications such as creating medically useful proteins, or improving plant cultivation and animal husbandry.

moderate speed

mɛni ʌv ðiz ʌðɜ˞ tulz ɔlsoʊ hæv waɪd æplʌkeɪʃʌnz sʌtʃ æz kɹieɪtɪŋ mɛdʌkli jusfʌl pɹoʊtinz, ɔɹ ɪmpɹuvɪŋ plænt kʌltɪveɪʃʌn ʌnd ænʌmʌl hʌzbʌndɹi.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny's speech is very clear but somewhat monotonous, delivered at a moderate pace.'

jenny/12794

GENES, DEVELOPMENT, AND EVOLUTION

genes, development, and evolution

slightly fast

dʒinz, dɪvɛlʌpmʌnt, ʌnd ɛvʌluʃʌn

quite clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks with a very monotone tone, lacking any noticeable variation in pace or expression.'

jenny/12795

Model of concentration gradient building up; fine yellow-orange outlines are cell boundaries.

model of concentration gradient building up, fine yellow orange outlines are cell boundaries.

moderate speed

mɑdʌl ʌv kɑnsʌntɹeɪʃʌn ɡɹeɪdiʌnt bɪldɪŋ ʌp; faɪn jɛloʊ-ɔɹʌndʒ aʊtlaɪnz ɑɹ sɛl baʊndɜ˞iz.

quite noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny speaks with a very quiet and monotone tone, with some background noise and a moderate pace.'

jenny/12796

Development is the process by which a multicellular organism goes through a series of a changes, starting from a single cell, and taking on various forms that are characteristic of its life cycle.

development is the process by which a multicellular organism goes through a series of a changes, starting from a single cell, and taking on various forms that are characteristic of its life cycle.

moderate speed

dɪvɛlʌpmʌnt ɪz ðʌ pɹɑsɛs baɪ wɪtʃ ʌ ɔɹɡʌnɪzʌm ɡoʊz θɹu ʌ sɪɹiz ʌv ʌ tʃeɪndʒʌz, stɑɹtɪŋ fɹʌm ʌ sɪŋɡʌl sɛl, ʌnd teɪkɪŋ ɑn vɛɹiʌs fɔɹmz ðæt ɑɹ kɛɹʌktɜ˞ɪstɪk ʌv ɪts laɪf saɪkʌl.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny's speech is very monotone, with some minor background noise and a very confined sound recording.'

jenny/12797

There are four key processes that underlie development: Determination, differentiation, morphogenesis, and growth.

there are four key processes that underlie development, determination, differentiation, morphogenesis, and growth.

moderate speed

ðɛɹ ɑɹ fɔɹ ki pɹɑsɛsʌz ðæt ʌndɜ˞laɪ dɪvɛlʌpmʌnt: dɪtɜ˞mʌneɪʃʌn, dɪfɜ˞ɛnʃieɪʃʌn, mɔɹfʌdʒɛnʌsʌs, ʌnd ɡɹoʊθ.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Very noisy and monotone speech with some background noise.'

jenny/12798

Determination sets the developmental fate of a cell, which becomes more restrictive during development.

determination sets the developmental fate of a cell, which becomes more restrictive during development.

slightly fast

dɪtɜ˞mʌneɪʃʌn sɛts ðʌ dɪvɛlʌpmɛntʌl feɪt ʌv ʌ sɛl, wɪtʃ bɪkʌmz mɔɹ ɹistɹɪktɪv dʊɹɪŋ dɪvɛlʌpmʌnt.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny's speech is very clear but has a moderate level of ambient noise, and her tone is quite monotone.'

jenny/12799

Differentiation is the process by which specialized cells from less specialized cells such as stem cells.

differentiation is the process by which specialized cells from less specialized cells such as stem cells.

slightly fast

dɪfɜ˞ɛnʃieɪʃʌn ɪz ðʌ pɹɑsɛs baɪ wɪtʃ spɛʃʌlaɪzd sɛlz fɹʌm lɛs spɛʃʌlaɪzd sɛlz sʌtʃ æz stɛm sɛlz.

quite noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'The speech is very noisy and monotone, with a bit of background noise.'

jenny/1279

As the Party slogan put it: 'Proles and animals are free.

as the party slogan put it, 'proles and animals are free.

slightly fast

æz ðʌ pɑɹti sloʊɡʌn pʊt ɪt: ' ʌnd ænʌmʌlz ɑɹ fɹi.

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'The speech sample has a clear and consistent tone, but it is slightly monotonous due to the lack of variation in pace and volume'.

jenny/127

Last night to the flicks.

last night to the flicks.

slightly fast

læst naɪt tu ðʌ flɪks.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny speaks with a very clear and monotone tone, with moderate speed and pacing.'

jenny/12800

Stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can differentiate into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell.

stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can differentiate into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell.

moderate speed

stɛm sɛlz ɑɹ ʌndɪfɜ˞ɛnʃieɪtɪd ɔɹ pɑɹʃʌli dɪfɜ˞ɛnʃieɪtɪd sɛlz ðæt kæn dɪfɜ˞ɛnʃieɪt ɪntu vɛɹiʌs taɪps ʌv sɛlz ʌnd pɹoʊlɪfɜ˞eɪt ɪndɛfʌnʌtli tu pɹʌdus mɔɹ ʌv ðʌ seɪm stɛm sɛl.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'The speech is very quiet and has a very faint background noise.'

jenny/12801

With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself.

with a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the dna sequence itself.

moderate speed

wɪð ʌ fju ɪksɛpʃʌnz, sɛljʌlɜ˞ dɪfɜ˞ɛnʃieɪʃʌn ɔlmoʊst nɛvɜ˞ ɪnvɑlvz ʌ tʃeɪndʒ ɪn ðʌ diɛneɪ sikwʌns ɪtsɛlf.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny's speech is moderately clear but has a subtle background sound in a relatively quiet room.'

jenny/12802

Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.

thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.

slightly fast

ðʌs, dɪfɜ˞ʌnt sɛlz kæn hæv vɛɹi dɪfɜ˞ʌnt fɪzɪkʌl kɛɹʌktɜ˞ɪstɪks dɪspaɪt hævɪŋ ðʌ seɪm dʒinoʊm.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'The speech is very clear but almost silent, with a moderate ambient sound and a slightly fast pace.'.

jenny/12803

Morphogenesis, or development of body form, is the result of spatial differences in gene expression.

morphogenesis, or development of body form, is the result of spatial differences in gene expression.

moderate speed

mɔɹfʌdʒɛnʌsʌs, ɔɹ dɪvɛlʌpmʌnt ʌv bɑdi fɔɹm, ɪz ðʌ ɹɪzʌlt ʌv speɪʃʌl dɪfɜ˞ʌnsɪz ɪn dʒin ɪkspɹɛʃʌn.

slightly clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

'The speech is very clear and monotone, with some background noise and a very slight hint of monotone delivery.'.

jenny/12804

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, also occurs during morphogenesis, such as the death of cells between digits in human embryonic development, which frees up individual fingers and toes.

apoptosis, or programmed cell death, also occurs during morphogenesis, such as the death of cells between digits in human embryonic development, which frees up individual fingers and toes.

moderate speed

æpɔptoʊsɪz, ɔɹ pɹoʊɡɹæmd sɛl dɛθ, ɔlsoʊ ʌkɜ˞z dʊɹɪŋ mɔɹfʌdʒɛnʌsʌs, sʌtʃ æz ðʌ dɛθ ʌv sɛlz bɪtwin dɪdʒʌts ɪn hjumʌn ɛmbɹiɑnɪk dɪvɛlʌpmʌnt, wɪtʃ fɹiz ʌp ɪndʌvɪdʒʌwʌl fɪŋɡɜ˞z ʌnd toʊz.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny speaks in a very monotone tone, with moderate ambient noise in the background.'

jenny/12805

Expression of transcription factor genes can determine organ placement in a plant and a cascade of transcription factors themselves can establish body segmentation in a fruit fly.

expression of transcription factor genes can determine organ placement in a plant and a cascade of transcription factors themselves can establish body segmentation in a fruit fly.

slightly fast

ɪkspɹɛʃʌn ʌv tɹænskɹɪpʃʌn fæktɜ˞ dʒinz kæn dʌtɜ˞mʌn ɔɹɡʌn pleɪsmʌnt ɪn ʌ plænt ʌnd ʌ kæskeɪd ʌv tɹænskɹɪpʃʌn fæktɜ˞z ðɛmsɛlvz kæn ɪstæblɪʃ bɑdi sɛɡmʌnteɪʃʌn ɪn ʌ fɹut flaɪ.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks with a very monotone tone and speaks quite quickly, but there is some background noise that makes it sound slightly muffled and monotonous.'

jenny/12806

A small fraction of the genes in an organism's genome called the developmental-genetic toolkit control the development of that organism.

a small fraction of the genes in an organism's genome called the developmental genetic toolkit control the development of that organism.

slightly fast

ʌ smɔl fɹækʃʌn ʌv ðʌ dʒinz ɪn æn ɔɹɡʌnɪzʌm'ɛs dʒinoʊm kɔld ðʌ dɪvɛlʌpmɛntʌl-dʒʌnɛtɪk kʌntɹoʊl ðʌ dɪvɛlʌpmʌnt ʌv ðæt ɔɹɡʌnɪzʌm.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny's speech is very monotone and slightly noisy, delivered with a slow pace.'

jenny/12807

These toolkit genes are highly conserved among phyla, meaning that they are ancient and very similar in widely separated groups of animals.

these toolkit genes are highly conserved among phyla, meaning that they are ancient and very similar in widely separated groups of animals.

moderate speed

ðiz dʒinz ɑɹ haɪli kʌnsɜ˞vd ʌmʌŋ faɪlʌ, minɪŋ ðæt ðeɪ ɑɹ eɪntʃʌnt ʌnd vɛɹi sɪmʌlɜ˞ ɪn waɪdli sɛpɜ˞eɪtɪd ɡɹups ʌv ænʌmʌlz.

slightly clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny's speech is moderately clear but has a slight echo in a quiet room with moderate speed delivery'.

jenny/12808

Differences in deployment of toolkit genes affect the body plan and the number, identity, and pattern of body parts.

differences in deployment of toolkit genes affect the body plan and the number, identity, and pattern of body parts.

moderate speed

dɪfɜ˞ʌnsɪz ɪn dɪplɔɪmʌnt ʌv dʒinz ʌfɛkt ðʌ bɑdi plæn ʌnd ðʌ nʌmbɜ˞, aɪdɛntɪti, ʌnd pætɜ˞n ʌv bɑdi pɑɹts.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks with a moderate pace and a very monotone tone, with occasional hints of silence.'

jenny/12809

Among the most important toolkit genes are the Hox genes.

among the most important toolkit genes are the hox genes.

moderate speed

ʌmʌŋ ðʌ moʊst ɪmpɔɹtʌnt dʒinz ɑɹ ðʌ dʒinz.

very clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks with a moderate pace in a very clear and spacious recording, with minimal background noise.'

jenny/1280

Winston reached down and cautiously scratched his varicose ulcer.

winston reached down and cautiously scratched his varicose ulcer.

slightly fast

wɪnstʌn ɹitʃt daʊn ʌnd kɔʃʌsli skɹætʃt hɪz ʌlsɜ˞.

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'The speech sample is clear, but the recording is quite confined, with a faint background noise'.

jenny/12810

Hox genes determine where repeating parts, such as the many vertebrae of snakes, will grow in a developing embryo or larva.

hox genes determine where repeating parts, such as the many vertebrae of snakes, will grow in a developing embryo or larva.

slightly fast

dʒinz dʌtɜ˞mʌn wɛɹ ɹɪpitɪŋ pɑɹts, sʌtʃ æz ðʌ mɛni vɜ˞tʌbɹeɪ ʌv sneɪks, wɪl ɡɹoʊ ɪn ʌ dɪvɛlʌpɪŋ ɛmbɹioʊ ɔɹ lɑɹvʌ.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny's voice is very quiet and monotone, with some background noise, delivering her words at a moderate pace.'

jenny/12811

Variations in the toolkit may have produced a large part of the morphological evolution of animals.

variations in the toolkit may have produced a large part of the morphological evolution of animals.

moderate speed

vɛɹieɪʃʌnz ɪn ðʌ meɪ hæv pɹʌdust ʌ lɑɹdʒ pɑɹt ʌv ðʌ mɔɹfʌlɑdʒɪkʌl ɛvʌluʃʌn ʌv ænʌmʌlz.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Silence. The speech is recorded in a quiet environment with moderate ambient sound'.

jenny/12812

The toolkit can drive evolution in two ways.

the toolkit can drive evolution in two ways.

moderate speed

ðʌ kæn dɹaɪv ɛvʌluʃʌn ɪn tu weɪz.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny speaks clearly and with moderate speed, but the recording is very confined, resulting in a bit of a muffled sound.'

jenny/12813

Given that small changes in toolbox genes can cause significant changes in body structures, they have often enabled convergent or parallel evolution.

given that small changes in toolbox genes can cause significant changes in body structures, they have often enabled convergent or parallel evolution.

slightly fast

ɡɪvʌn ðæt smɔl tʃeɪndʒʌz ɪn tulbɔks dʒinz kæn kɑz sʌɡnɪfɪkʌnt tʃeɪndʒʌz ɪn bɑdi stɹʌktʃɜ˞z, ðeɪ hæv ɔfʌn ɛneɪbʌld kʌnvɜ˞dʒʌnt ɔɹ pɛɹʌlɛl ɛvʌluʃʌn.

quite noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks with a very monotone tone and speaks quite quickly, but there is a lot of background noise.'

jenny/12814

EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES

evolutionary processes

moderate speed

ɛvʌluʃʌnɛɹi pɹɑsɛsʌz

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny speaks clearly and with a moderate pace, but the recording is quite confined, sounding very good overall.'

jenny/12815

A central organizing concept in biology is that life changes and develops through evolution, which is the change in heritable characteristics of populations over successive generations.

a central organizing concept in biology is that life changes and develops through evolution, which is the change in heritable characteristics of populations over successive generations.

slightly fast

ʌ sɛntɹʌl ɔɹɡʌnaɪzɪŋ kɑnsɛpt ɪn baɪɑlʌdʒi ɪz ðæt laɪf tʃeɪndʒʌz ʌnd dɪvɛlʌps θɹu ɛvʌluʃʌn, wɪtʃ ɪz ðʌ tʃeɪndʒ ɪn hɛɹʌtʌbʌl kɛɹʌktɜ˞ɪstɪks ʌv pɑpjʌleɪʃʌnz oʊvɜ˞ sʌksɛsɪv dʒɛnɜ˞eɪʃʌnz.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny's voice is very monotone with a bit of background noise, speaking quite fast.'

jenny/12816

Evolution is now used to explain the great variations of life on Earth.

evolution is now used to explain the great variations of life on earth.

slightly fast

ɛvʌluʃʌn ɪz naʊ juzd tu ɪkspleɪn ðʌ ɡɹeɪt vɛɹieɪʃʌnz ʌv laɪf ɑn ɜ˞θ.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny's speech is very clear but quite monotone, delivered at a moderate pace.'

jenny/12818

He proposed that evolution occurred as a result of inheritance of acquired characteristics, which was unconvincing but there were no alternative explanations at the time.

he proposed that evolution occurred as a result of inheritance of acquired characteristics, which was unconvincing but there were no alternative explanations at the time.

slightly fast

hi pɹʌpoʊzd ðæt ɛvʌluʃʌn ʌkɜ˞d æz ʌ ɹɪzʌlt ʌv ɪnhɛɹʌtʌns ʌv ʌkwaɪɜ˞d kɛɹʌktɜ˞ɪstɪks, wɪtʃ wɑz ʌnkʌnvɪnsɪŋ bʌt ðɛɹ wɜ˞ noʊ ɔltɜ˞nʌtɪv ɛksplʌneɪʃʌnz æt ðʌ taɪm.

quite noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny's speech is very noisy and monotone, with limited variation in pace and tone.'

jenny/12819

He had also read Principles of Geology by Charles Lyell and An Essay on the Principle of Population by Thomas Malthus and was influenced by them.

he had also read principles of geology by charles lyell and an essay on the principle of population by thomas malthus and was influenced by them.

moderate speed

hi hæd ɔlsoʊ ɹɛd pɹɪnsʌpʌlz ʌv dʒiɑlʌdʒi baɪ tʃɑɹlz laɪɛl ʌnd æn ɛseɪ ɑn ðʌ pɹɪnsʌpʌl ʌv pɑpjʌleɪʃʌn baɪ tɑmʌs ʌnd wɑz ɪnfluʌnst baɪ ðɛm.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny speaks with a moderate pace and a neutral tone, with some background noise that remains mostly unnoticed'.

jenny/1281

It had begun itching again.

it had begun itching again.

quite fast

ɪt hæd bɪɡʌn ɪtʃɪŋ ʌɡɛn.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Very clear recording of Jenny's speech with minimal background noise. Her voice is very monotone and there is no significant pace variation.'

jenny/12820

Based on his observations and readings, Darwin began to formulate his theory of evolution by natural selection to explain the diversity of plants and animals in different parts of the world.

based on his observations and readings, darwin began to formulate his theory of evolution by natural selection to explain the diversity of plants and animals in different parts of the world.

slightly fast

beɪst ɑn hɪz ɑbzɜ˞veɪʃʌnz ʌnd ɹidɪŋz, dɑɹwɪn bɪɡæn tu fɔɹmjʌleɪt hɪz θɪɹi ʌv ɛvʌluʃʌn baɪ nætʃɜ˞ʌl sʌlɛkʃʌn tu ɪkspleɪn ðʌ dɪvɜ˞sɪti ʌv plænts ʌnd ænʌmʌlz ɪn dɪfɜ˞ʌnt pɑɹts ʌv ðʌ wɜ˞ld.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny's speech is very monotone and slightly noisy, with minimal variation in pace or tone.'

jenny/12821

Alfred Russel Wallace, another English naturalist who had studied plants and animals in the Malay Archipelago, also came to the same idea, but later and independently of Darwin.

alfred russel wallace, another english naturalist who had studied plants and animals in the malay archipelago, also came to the same idea, but later and independently of darwin.

moderate speed

ælfɹʌd ɹʌsʌl wɔlʌs, ʌnʌðɜ˞ ɪŋɡlɪʃ nætʃɜ˞ʌlʌst hu hæd stʌdid plænts ʌnd ænʌmʌlz ɪn ðʌ meɪleɪ ɑɹkʌpɛlʌɡoʊ, ɔlsoʊ keɪm tu ðʌ seɪm aɪdiʌ, bʌt leɪtɜ˞ ʌnd ɪndɪpɛndʌntli ʌv dɑɹwɪn.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks with a very monotone tone, barely noticeable in the background noise.'

jenny/12823

Darwin argued that in the natural world, it was nature that played the role of humans in selecting for specific traits.

darwin argued that in the natural world, it was nature that played the role of humans in selecting for specific traits.

slightly fast

dɑɹwɪn ɑɹɡjud ðæt ɪn ðʌ nætʃɜ˞ʌl wɜ˞ld, ɪt wɑz neɪtʃɜ˞ ðæt pleɪd ðʌ ɹoʊl ʌv hjumʌnz ɪn sʌlɛktɪŋ fɔɹ spʌsɪfɪk tɹeɪts.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny's speech is very monotone and slightly noisy, with a small amount of reverb.'

jenny/12824

He came to this conclusion based on two observations and two inferences.

he came to this conclusion based on two observations and two inferences.

moderate speed

hi keɪm tu ðɪs kʌnkluʒʌn beɪst ɑn tu ɑbzɜ˞veɪʃʌnz ʌnd tu ɪnfɜ˞ɛnsɪz.

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny speaks with a moderate tone and minimal expression, with clear but slightly noisy recording.'

jenny/12825

First, members of any population tend to vary with respect to their heritable traits.

first, members of any population tend to vary with respect to their heritable traits.

slightly fast

fɜ˞st, mɛmbɜ˞z ʌv ɛni pɑpjʌleɪʃʌn tɛnd tu vɛɹi wɪð ɹɪspɛkt tu ðɛɹ hɛɹʌtʌbʌl tɹeɪts.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny's speech is very monotone and slightly noisy, but she speaks fairly quickly.'

jenny/12826

Second, all species tend to produce more offspring than can be supported by their respective environments, resulting in many individuals not surviving and reproducing.

second, all species tend to produce more offspring than can be supported by their respective environments, resulting in many individuals not surviving and reproducing.

slightly fast

sɛkʌnd, ɔl spiʃiz tɛnd tu pɹʌdus mɔɹ ɔfspɹɪŋ ðæn kæn bi sʌpɔɹtɪd baɪ ðɛɹ ɹɪspɛktɪv ɪnvaɪɹʌnmʌnts, ɹɪzʌltɪŋ ɪn mɛni ɪndʌvɪdʒʌwʌlz nɑt sɜ˞vaɪvɪŋ ʌnd ɹipɹʌdusɪŋ.

very noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Very noisy and very confined sounding, but Jenny's tone is quite monotone, and her pace is slightly fast.'

jenny/12827

Thus, taken together, natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals in subsequent generations due to differences in or more heritable traits.

thus, taken together, natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals in subsequent generations due to differences in or more heritable traits.

moderate speed

ðʌs, teɪkʌn tʌɡɛðɜ˞, nætʃɜ˞ʌl sʌlɛkʃʌn ɪz ðʌ dɪfɜ˞ɛnʃʌl sɜ˞vaɪvʌl ʌnd ɹipɹʌdʌkʃʌn ʌv ɪndʌvɪdʒʌwʌlz ɪn sʌbsʌkwʌnt dʒɛnɜ˞eɪʃʌnz du tu dɪfɜ˞ʌnsɪz ɪn ɔɹ mɔɹ hɛɹʌtʌbʌl tɹeɪts.

quite noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny's speech is very quiet, even with some background noise, and her tone is quite monotone, speaking at a moderate pace.'

jenny/12828

This perspective holds that evolution occurs when there are changes in the allele frequencies within a population of interbreeding organisms.

this perspective holds that evolution occurs when there are changes in the allele frequencies within a population of interbreeding organisms.

moderate speed

ðɪs pɜ˞spɛktɪv hoʊldz ðæt ɛvʌluʃʌn ʌkɜ˞z wɛn ðɛɹ ɑɹ tʃeɪndʒʌz ɪn ðʌ ʌlɛli fɹikwʌnsiz wɪðɪn ʌ pɑpjʌleɪʃʌn ʌv ɔɹɡʌnɪzʌmz.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny's speech is very quiet and monotone with a moderate amount of background noise'.

jenny/12829

Another process that drives evolution is genetic drift, which is the random fluctuations of allele frequencies within a population from one generation to the next.

another process that drives evolution is genetic drift, which is the random fluctuations of allele frequencies within a population from one generation to the next.

moderate speed

ʌnʌðɜ˞ pɹɑsɛs ðæt dɹaɪvz ɛvʌluʃʌn ɪz dʒʌnɛtɪk dɹɪft, wɪtʃ ɪz ðʌ ɹændʌm flʌktʃueɪʃʌnz ʌv ʌlɛli fɹikwʌnsiz wɪðɪn ʌ pɑpjʌleɪʃʌn fɹʌm wʌn dʒɛnɜ˞eɪʃʌn tu ðʌ nɛkst.

quite noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny's speech is very quiet and monotone, with some background noise that makes it sound very confined.'

jenny/1282

The thing you invariably came back to was the impossibility of knowing what life before the Revolution had really been like.

the thing you invariably came back to was the impossibility of knowing what life before the revolution had really been like.

quite fast

ðʌ θɪŋ ju ɪnvɛɹiʌbli keɪm bæk tu wɑz ðʌ ɪmpɔsɪbɪlɪti ʌv noʊɪŋ wʌt laɪf bɪfɔɹ ðʌ ɹɛvʌluʃʌn hæd ɹɪli bɪn laɪk.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

slightly monotone

'The speech sample is clear but slightly muffled due to a moderate amount of ambient noise and a slightly monotone tone.'

jenny/12830

When selective forces are absent or relatively weak, allele frequencies are equally likely to drift upward or downward at each successive generation because the alleles are subject to sampling error.

when selective forces are absent or relatively weak, allele frequencies are equally likely to drift upward or downward at each successive generation because the alleles are subject to sampling error.

moderate speed

wɛn sʌlɛktɪv fɔɹsɪz ɑɹ æbsʌnt ɔɹ ɹɛlʌtɪvli wik, ʌlɛli fɹikwʌnsiz ɑɹ ikwʌli laɪkli tu dɹɪft ʌpwɜ˞d ɔɹ daʊnwɜ˞d æt itʃ sʌksɛsɪv dʒɛnɜ˞eɪʃʌn bɪkɔz ðʌ ʌlɛliz ɑɹ sʌbdʒɛkt tu sæmplɪŋ ɛɹɜ˞.

quite noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'The speech sample is very noisy, but the monotone tone and moderate pace give it a sense of calm and predictability.'

jenny/12831

This drift halts when an allele eventually becomes fixed, either by disappearing from the population or replacing the other alleles entirely.

this drift halts when an allele eventually becomes fixed, either by disappearing from the population or replacing the other alleles entirely.

moderate speed

ðɪs dɹɪft hɔlts wɛn æn ʌlɛli ɪvɛntʃʌwʌli bɪkʌmz fɪkst, iðɜ˞ baɪ dɪsʌpɪɹɪŋ fɹʌm ðʌ pɑpjʌleɪʃʌn ɔɹ ɹɪpleɪsɪŋ ðʌ ʌðɜ˞ ʌlɛliz ɪntaɪɜ˞li.

quite noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'A very noisy recording with a lot of background noise and a very monotone delivery.'

jenny/12832

Genetic drift may therefore eliminate some alleles from a population due to chance alone.

genetic drift may therefore eliminate some alleles from a population due to chance alone.

moderate speed

dʒʌnɛtɪk dɹɪft meɪ ðɛɹfɔɹ ɪlɪmʌneɪt sʌm ʌlɛliz fɹʌm ʌ pɑpjʌleɪʃʌn du tu tʃæns ʌloʊn.

slightly clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks with a moderate tone, but her voice is slightly muffled by the recording.'

jenny/12833

A species is a group of organisms that mate with one another and speciation is the process by which one lineage splits into two lineages as a result of having evolved independently from each other.

a species is a group of organisms that mate with one another and speciation is the process by which one lineage splits into two lineages as a result of having evolved independently from each other.

moderate speed

ʌ spiʃiz ɪz ʌ ɡɹup ʌv ɔɹɡʌnɪzʌmz ðæt meɪt wɪð wʌn ʌnʌðɜ˞ ʌnd ɪz ðʌ pɹɑsɛs baɪ wɪtʃ wʌn lɪniʌdʒ splɪts ɪntu tu lɪniɪdʒɪz æz ʌ ɹɪzʌlt ʌv hævɪŋ ɪvɑlvd ɪndɪpɛndʌntli fɹʌm itʃ ʌðɜ˞.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny's speech is very monotone and slightly noisy, recorded in a confined space with moderate background noise.'

jenny/12834

For speciation to occur, there has to be reproductive isolation.

for speciation to occur, there has to be reproductive isolation.

slightly slowly

fɔɹ tu ʌkɜ˞, ðɛɹ hæz tu bi ɹipɹʌdʌktɪv aɪsʌleɪʃʌn.

quite clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks with a very monotone and quiet tone, with minimal background noise.'

jenny/12835

Reproductive isolation also tends to increase with genetic divergence.

reproductive isolation also tends to increase with genetic divergence.

moderate speed

ɹipɹʌdʌktɪv aɪsʌleɪʃʌn ɔlsoʊ tɛndz tu ɪnkɹis wɪð dʒʌnɛtɪk daɪvɜ˞dʒʌns.

quite clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny's voice is quiet and monotone, spoken very slowly and with minimal expression.'

jenny/12836

Speciation can occur when there are physical barriers that divide an ancestral species, a process known as allopatric speciation.

speciation can occur when there are physical barriers that divide an ancestral species, a process known as allopatric speciation.

slightly slowly

kæn ʌkɜ˞ wɛn ðɛɹ ɑɹ fɪzɪkʌl bæɹiɜ˞z ðæt dɪvaɪd æn ænsɛstɹʌl spiʃiz, ʌ pɹɑsɛs noʊn æz .

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Very good recording. Though the room is somewhat confined, the recording is clear and consistent.'

jenny/12837

In contrast, sympatric speciation occurs in the absence of physical barriers.

in contrast, sympatric speciation occurs in the absence of physical barriers.

slightly slowly

ɪn kɑntɹæst, ʌkɜ˞z ɪn ðʌ æbsʌns ʌv fɪzɪkʌl bæɹiɜ˞z.

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny's voice is very clear, but there is some background noise that makes it sound somewhat muffled.'

jenny/12838

Pre-zygotic isolation such as mechanical, temporal, behavioral, habitat, and gametic isolations can prevent different species from hybridizing.

pre zygotic isolation such as mechanical, temporal, behavioral, habitat, and gametic isolations can prevent different species from hybridizing.

slightly slowly

pɹi- aɪsʌleɪʃʌn sʌtʃ æz mʌkænɪkʌl, tɛmpɜ˞ʌl, bɪheɪvjɜ˞ʌl, hæbʌtæt, ʌnd kæn pɹɪvɛnt dɪfɜ˞ʌnt spiʃiz fɹʌm .

slightly clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks in a very monotone voice with minimal variation in pace and tone, speaking quite clearly but with a very slight background noise.'

jenny/12839

Similarly, post-zygotic isolations can result in hybridization being selected against due to the lower viability of hybrids or hybrid infertility .

similarly, post zygotic isolations can result in hybridization being selected against due to the lower viability of hybrids or hybrid infertility .

moderate speed

sɪmʌlɜ˞li, poʊst- kæn ɹɪzʌlt ɪn haɪbɹʌdʌzeɪʃʌn biɪŋ sʌlɛktɪd ʌɡɛnst du tu ðʌ loʊɜ˞ vaɪʌbɪlʌti ʌv haɪbɹʌdz ɔɹ haɪbɹʌd ɪnfɜ˞tɪlɪti .

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'The speech is quite quiet and has a moderate ambient sound with some subtle echoes.'

jenny/1283

He took out of the drawer a copy of a children's history textbook which he had borrowed from Mrs Parsons, and began copying a passage into the diary:.

he took out of the drawer a copy of a children's history textbook which he had borrowed from mrs parsons, and began copying a passage into the diary,.

quite fast

hi tʊk aʊt ʌv ðʌ dɹɔɹ ʌ kɑpi ʌv ʌ tʃɪldɹʌn'ɛs hɪstɜ˞i tɛkstbʊk wɪtʃ hi hæd bɑɹoʊd fɹʌm mɪsɪz pɑɹsʌnz, ʌnd bɪɡæn kɑpiɪŋ ʌ pæsʌdʒ ɪntu ðʌ daɪɜ˞i:.

slightly clear

very confined sounding

slightly monotone

'Jenny speaks with a slightly monotone tone in a room with some background noise, sounding slightly clear but not very loud.'.

jenny/12840

Hybrid zones can emerge if there were to be incomplete reproductive isolation between two closely related species.

hybrid zones can emerge if there were to be incomplete reproductive isolation between two closely related species.

slightly fast

haɪbɹʌd zoʊnz kæn ɪmɜ˞dʒ ɪf ðɛɹ wɜ˞ tu bi ɪnkʌmplit ɹipɹʌdʌktɪv aɪsʌleɪʃʌn bɪtwin tu kloʊsli ɹɪleɪtɪd spiʃiz.

quite noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'The speech sample is very noisy and monotone, with limited variation in pace and tone.'

jenny/12841

A phylogeny is an evolutionary history of a specific group of organisms or their genes.

a phylogeny is an evolutionary history of a specific group of organisms or their genes.

moderate speed

ʌ faɪlɑdʒʌni ɪz æn ɛvʌluʃʌnɛɹi hɪstɜ˞i ʌv ʌ spʌsɪfɪk ɡɹup ʌv ɔɹɡʌnɪzʌmz ɔɹ ðɛɹ dʒinz.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'The speech is delivered in a quiet and moderate tone with some background noise'.

jenny/12842

It can be represented using a phylogenetic tree, which is a diagram showing lines of descent among organisms or their genes.

it can be represented using a phylogenetic tree, which is a diagram showing lines of descent among organisms or their genes.

moderate speed

ɪt kæn bi ɹɛpɹɪzɛntɪd juzɪŋ ʌ tɹi, wɪtʃ ɪz ʌ daɪʌɡɹæm ʃoʊɪŋ laɪnz ʌv dɪsɛnt ʌmʌŋ ɔɹɡʌnɪzʌmz ɔɹ ðɛɹ dʒinz.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny's speech is very monotone and slightly noisy, delivered at a moderate pace.'

jenny/12843

Each line drawn on the time axis of a tree represents a lineage of descendants of a particular species or population.

each line drawn on the time axis of a tree represents a lineage of descendants of a particular species or population.

moderate speed

itʃ laɪn dɹɔn ɑn ðʌ taɪm æksʌs ʌv ʌ tɹi ɹɛpɹɪzɛnts ʌ lɪniʌdʒ ʌv dɪsɛndʌnts ʌv ʌ pɜ˞tɪkjʌlɜ˞ spiʃiz ɔɹ pɑpjʌleɪʃʌn.

quite noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'The speech sample is very noisy, with a lot of background noise, and the speaker's voice is monotone, speaking at a moderate pace.'

jenny/12844

When a lineage divides into two, it is represented as a node on the phylogenetic tree.

when a lineage divides into two, it is represented as a node on the phylogenetic tree.

moderate speed

wɛn ʌ lɪniʌdʒ dɪvaɪdz ɪntu tu, ɪt ɪz ɹɛpɹɪzɛntɪd æz ʌ noʊd ɑn ðʌ tɹi.

quite clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

'The speech sample is clear but slightly monotonous, with a very good recording.'

jenny/12845

The more splits there are over time, the more branches there will be on the tree, with the common ancestor of all the organisms in that tree being represented by the root of that tree.

the more splits there are over time, the more branches there will be on the tree, with the common ancestor of all the organisms in that tree being represented by the root of that tree.

slightly fast

ðʌ mɔɹ splɪts ðɛɹ ɑɹ oʊvɜ˞ taɪm, ðʌ mɔɹ bɹæntʃʌz ðɛɹ wɪl bi ɑn ðʌ tɹi, wɪð ðʌ kɑmʌn ænsɛstɜ˞ ʌv ɔl ðʌ ɔɹɡʌnɪzʌmz ɪn ðæt tɹi biɪŋ ɹɛpɹɪzɛntɪd baɪ ðʌ ɹut ʌv ðæt tɹi.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks in a very monotone tone with minor background noise and a slight fast pace'.

jenny/12846

Phylogenetic trees may portray the evolutionary history of all life forms, a major evolutionary group , or an even smaller group of closely related species.

phylogenetic trees may portray the evolutionary history of all life forms, a major evolutionary group , or an even smaller group of closely related species.

moderate speed

tɹiz meɪ pɔɹtɹeɪ ðʌ ɛvʌluʃʌnɛɹi hɪstɜ˞i ʌv ɔl laɪf fɔɹmz, ʌ meɪdʒɜ˞ ɛvʌluʃʌnɛɹi ɡɹup , ɔɹ æn ivɪn smɔlɜ˞ ɡɹup ʌv kloʊsli ɹɪleɪtɪd spiʃiz.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks in a monotone voice with moderate speed, with some background noise and a slightly noisy recording'.

jenny/12847

Within a tree, any group of species designated by a name is a taxon and a taxon that consists of all its evolutionary descendants is a clade, otherwise known as a monophyletic taxon.

within a tree, any group of species designated by a name is a taxon and a taxon that consists of all its evolutionary descendants is a clade, otherwise known as a monophyletic taxon.

slightly slowly

wɪðɪn ʌ tɹi, ɛni ɡɹup ʌv spiʃiz dɛzɪɡneɪtɪd baɪ ʌ neɪm ɪz ʌ ʌnd ʌ ðæt kʌnsɪsts ʌv ɔl ɪts ɛvʌluʃʌnɛɹi dɪsɛndʌnts ɪz ʌ , ʌðɜ˞waɪz noʊn æz ʌ .

very noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny's speech is very noisy and monotone, spoken in a very confined room with a lot of background noise.'

jenny/12848

Closely related species are referred to as sister species and closely related clades are sister clades.

closely related species are referred to as sister species and closely related clades are sister clades.

moderate speed

kloʊsli ɹɪleɪtɪd spiʃiz ɑɹ ɹʌfɜ˞d tu æz sɪstɜ˞ spiʃiz ʌnd kloʊsli ɹɪleɪtɪd ɑɹ sɪstɜ˞ .

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny's speech is moderately loud, quite monotonous, and recorded in a confined space with some background noise'.

jenny/12849

In contrast to a monophyletic group, a polyphyletic group does not include its common ancestor whereas a paraphyletic group does not include all the descendants of a common ancestor.

in contrast to a monophyletic group, a polyphyletic group does not include its common ancestor whereas a paraphyletic group does not include all the descendants of a common ancestor.

slightly slowly

ɪn kɑntɹæst tu ʌ ɡɹup, ʌ ɡɹup dʌz nɑt ɪnklud ɪts kɑmʌn ænsɛstɜ˞ wɛɹæz ʌ ɡɹup dʌz nɑt ɪnklud ɔl ðʌ dɪsɛndʌnts ʌv ʌ kɑmʌn ænsɛstɜ˞.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Very noisy recording with a hint of background noise, delivered in a monotone tone with a slightly slow pace.'

jenny/1284

In the old days (it ran), before the glorious Revolution, London was not the beautiful city that we know today.

in the old days it ran, before the glorious revolution, london was not the beautiful city that we know today.

slightly fast

ɪn ðʌ oʊld deɪz (ɪt ɹæn), bɪfɔɹ ðʌ ɡlɔɹiʌs ɹɛvʌluʃʌn, lʌndʌn wɑz nɑt ðʌ bjutʌfʌl sɪti ðæt wi noʊ tʌdeɪ.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

slightly monotone

'Jenny's speech is quite clear, but there's a slight amount of background noise and a slightly monotone tone.'

jenny/12850

Phylogenetic trees are the basis for comparing and grouping different species.

phylogenetic trees are the basis for comparing and grouping different species.

moderate speed

tɹiz ɑɹ ðʌ beɪsʌs fɔɹ kʌmpɛɹɪŋ ʌnd ɡɹupɪŋ dɪfɜ˞ʌnt spiʃiz.

quite clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks with a moderate tone, but her voice is clear and free of noise.'

jenny/12851

Different species that share a feature inherited from a common ancestor are described as having homologous features .

different species that share a feature inherited from a common ancestor are described as having homologous features .

slightly fast

dɪfɜ˞ʌnt spiʃiz ðæt ʃɛɹ ʌ fitʃɜ˞ ɪnhɛɹʌtɪd fɹʌm ʌ kɑmʌn ænsɛstɜ˞ ɑɹ dɪskɹaɪbd æz hævɪŋ hɑmɑlʌɡʌs fitʃɜ˞z .

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks with a very monotone tone, barely above a whisper, and the recording is quite noisy, with a bit of background hiss.'

jenny/12852

Homologous features may be any heritable traits such as DNA sequence, protein structures, anatomical features, and behavior patterns.

homologous features may be any heritable traits such as dna sequence, protein structures, anatomical features, and behavior patterns.

moderate speed

hɑmɑlʌɡʌs fitʃɜ˞z meɪ bi ɛni hɛɹʌtʌbʌl tɹeɪts sʌtʃ æz diɛneɪ sikwʌns, pɹoʊtin stɹʌktʃɜ˞z, ænʌtɑmʌkʌl fitʃɜ˞z, ʌnd bɪheɪvjɜ˞ pætɜ˞nz.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny's speech is very monotone and very quiet, with some background noise that makes it difficult to understand'.

jenny/12853

A vertebral column is an example of a homologous feature shared by all vertebrate animals.

a vertebral column is an example of a homologous feature shared by all vertebrate animals.

slightly fast

ʌ vɜ˞tʌbɹʌl kɑlʌm ɪz æn ɪɡzæmpʌl ʌv ʌ hɑmɑlʌɡʌs fitʃɜ˞ ʃɛɹd baɪ ɔl vɜ˞tʌbɹeɪt ænʌmʌlz.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'The speech is recorded in a quiet room with a moderate amount of ambient noise. The tone is very monotone, and the pace is slightly fast.'

jenny/12854

Traits that have a similar form or function but were not derived from a common ancestor are described as analogous features.

traits that have a similar form or function but were not derived from a common ancestor are described as analogous features.

slightly fast

tɹeɪts ðæt hæv ʌ sɪmʌlɜ˞ fɔɹm ɔɹ fʌŋkʃʌn bʌt wɜ˞ nɑt dɜ˞aɪvd fɹʌm ʌ kɑmʌn ænsɛstɜ˞ ɑɹ dɪskɹaɪbd æz ʌnælʌɡʌs fitʃɜ˞z.

quite noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'The speech is very noisy with a lot of background noise. Jenny's voice is monotone and there is a fast pace to the delivery.'.

jenny/12855

Phylogenies can be reconstructed for a group of organisms of primary interests, which are called the ingroup.

phylogenies can be reconstructed for a group of organisms of primary interests, which are called the ingroup.

moderate speed

kæn bi ɹikʌnstɹʌktɪd fɔɹ ʌ ɡɹup ʌv ɔɹɡʌnɪzʌmz ʌv pɹaɪmɛɹi ɪntɹʌsts, wɪtʃ ɑɹ kɔld ðʌ .

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny's voice is very quiet and monotone, with moderate background noise'.

jenny/12856

A species or group that is closely related to the ingroup but is phylogenetically outside of it is called the outgroup, which serves a reference point in the tree.

a species or group that is closely related to the ingroup but is phylogenetically outside of it is called the outgroup, which serves a reference point in the tree.

moderate speed

ʌ spiʃiz ɔɹ ɡɹup ðæt ɪz kloʊsli ɹɪleɪtɪd tu ðʌ bʌt ɪz aʊtsaɪd ʌv ɪt ɪz kɔld ðʌ , wɪtʃ sɜ˞vz ʌ ɹɛfɜ˞ʌns pɔɪnt ɪn ðʌ tɹi.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'The speech sample is very quiet and has a very low level of background noise with a touch of monotone delivery.'.

jenny/12857

The root of the tree is located between the ingroup and the outgroup.

the root of the tree is located between the ingroup and the outgroup.

slightly slowly

ðʌ ɹut ʌv ðʌ tɹi ɪz loʊkeɪtʌd bɪtwin ðʌ ʌnd ðʌ .

quite clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks with a very monotone tone, almost as if she's reading from a script without any variation in pace or expression.'

jenny/12858

When phylogenetic trees are reconstructed, multiple trees with different evolutionary histories can be generated.

when phylogenetic trees are reconstructed, multiple trees with different evolutionary histories can be generated.

moderate speed

wɛn tɹiz ɑɹ ɹikʌnstɹʌktɪd, mʌltʌpʌl tɹiz wɪð dɪfɜ˞ʌnt ɛvʌluʃʌnɛɹi hɪstɜ˞iz kæn bi dʒɛnɜ˞eɪtʌd.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'The speech sample is quite clear but slightly noisy.'

jenny/12859

Based on the principle of Parsimony , the tree that is favored is the one with the fewest evolutionary changes needed to be assumed over all traits in all groups.

based on the principle of parsimony , the tree that is favored is the one with the fewest evolutionary changes needed to be assumed over all traits in all groups.

slightly fast

beɪst ɑn ðʌ pɹɪnsʌpʌl ʌv pɑɹsʌmoʊni , ðʌ tɹi ðæt ɪz feɪvɜ˞d ɪz ðʌ wʌn wɪð ðʌ fjuʌst ɛvʌluʃʌnɛɹi tʃeɪndʒʌz nidʌd tu bi ʌsumd oʊvɜ˞ ɔl tɹeɪts ɪn ɔl ɡɹups.

slightly clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks with a very monotone and slightly fast pace, with some background noise that is slightly clear but not very loud.'

jenny/1285

It was a dark, dirty, miserable place where hardly anybody had enough to eat and where hundreds and thousands of poor people had no boots on their feet and not even a roof to sleep under.

it was a dark, dirty, miserable place where hardly anybody had enough to eat and where hundreds and thousands of poor people had no boots on their feet and not even a roof to sleep under.

slightly fast

ɪt wɑz ʌ dɑɹk, dɜ˞ti, mɪzɜ˞ʌbʌl pleɪs wɛɹ hɑɹdli ɛnibʌdi hæd ɪnʌf tu it ʌnd wɛɹ hʌndɹʌdz ʌnd θaʊzʌndz ʌv puɹ pipʌl hæd noʊ buts ɑn ðɛɹ fit ʌnd nɑt ivɪn ʌ ɹuf tu slip ʌndɜ˞.

slightly clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny speaks with a moderate level of monotone, but there's a slight hint of hesitation in her voice.'

jenny/12860

Computational algorithms can be used to determine how a tree might have evolved given the evidence.

computational algorithms can be used to determine how a tree might have evolved given the evidence.

moderate speed

kɑmpjuteɪʃʌnʌl ælɡɜ˞ɪðʌmz kæn bi juzd tu dʌtɜ˞mʌn haʊ ʌ tɹi maɪt hæv ɪvɑlvd ɡɪvʌn ðʌ ɛvʌdʌns.

quite noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks with a very monotone voice and her speech is quite noisy due to the lack of clarity and the presence of background noise.'

jenny/12862

This classification system is rank-based, with the highest rank being the domain followed by kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

this classification system is rank based, with the highest rank being the domain followed by kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

moderate speed

ðɪs klæsʌfʌkeɪʃʌn sɪstʌm ɪz ɹæŋk-beɪst, wɪð ðʌ haɪʌst ɹæŋk biɪŋ ðʌ doʊmeɪn fɑloʊd baɪ kɪŋdʌm, faɪlʌm, klæs, ɔɹdɜ˞, fæmʌli, dʒinʌs, ʌnd spiʃiz.

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks with a moderate pace and monotone tone, with some ambient noise in the background'.

jenny/12863

All organisms can be classified as belonging to one of three domains: Archaea ; bacteria , or eukarya .

all organisms can be classified as belonging to one of three domains, archaea , bacteria , or eukarya .

moderate speed

ɔl ɔɹɡʌnɪzʌmz kæn bi klæsʌfaɪd æz bɪlɔŋɪŋ tu wʌn ʌv θɹi doʊmeɪnz: ; bæktɪɹiʌ , ɔɹ .

quite noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks with a very monotone tone in a noisy environment, making it difficult to understand her words.'

jenny/12864

A binomial nomenclature is used to classify different species.

a binomial nomenclature is used to classify different species.

slightly fast

ʌ baɪnoʊmiʌl noʊmʌnkleɪtʃɜ˞ ɪz juzd tu klæsʌfaɪ dɪfɜ˞ʌnt spiʃiz.

slightly clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny speaks with a very monotone tone, with some slight background noise.'

jenny/12865

Based on this system, each species is given two names, one for its genus and another for its species.

based on this system, each species is given two names, one for its genus and another for its species.

moderate speed

beɪst ɑn ðɪs sɪstʌm, itʃ spiʃiz ɪz ɡɪvʌn tu neɪmz, wʌn fɔɹ ɪts dʒinʌs ʌnd ʌnʌðɜ˞ fɔɹ ɪts spiʃiz.

very noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'The audio is very noisy and lacks any discernible tone or rhythm.'

jenny/12866

For example, humans are Homo sapiens, with Homo being the genus and sapiens being the species.

for example, humans are homo sapiens, with homo being the genus and sapiens being the species.

moderate speed

fɔɹ ɪɡzæmpʌl, hjumʌnz ɑɹ hoʊmoʊ seɪpiʌnz, wɪð hoʊmoʊ biɪŋ ðʌ dʒinʌs ʌnd seɪpiʌnz biɪŋ ðʌ spiʃiz.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny's speech is very monotone and slightly noisy, but she speaks clearly and at a moderate pace.'

jenny/12867

By convention, the scientific names of organisms are italicized, with only the first letter of the genus capitalized.

by convention, the scientific names of organisms are italicized, with only the first letter of the genus capitalized.

moderate speed

baɪ kʌnvɛnʃʌn, ðʌ saɪʌntɪfɪk neɪmz ʌv ɔɹɡʌnɪzʌmz ɑɹ , wɪð oʊnli ðʌ fɜ˞st lɛtɜ˞ ʌv ðʌ dʒinʌs kæpɪtʌlaɪzd.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny's speech is very clear and concise, but there is a slight amount of background noise and monotony in her tone of voice.'

jenny/12868

HISTORY OF LIFE

history of life

moderate speed

hɪstɜ˞i ʌv laɪf

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny speaks with a moderate pace, her voice being quite clear and relatively unmodulated.'

jenny/12869

The history of life on Earth traces the processes by which organisms have evolved from the earliest emergence of life to present day.

the history of life on earth traces the processes by which organisms have evolved from the earliest emergence of life to present day.

slightly fast

ðʌ hɪstɜ˞i ʌv laɪf ɑn ɜ˞θ tɹeɪsʌz ðʌ pɹɑsɛsʌz baɪ wɪtʃ ɔɹɡʌnɪzʌmz hæv ɪvɑlvd fɹʌm ðʌ ɜ˞liʌst ɪmɜ˞dʒʌns ʌv laɪf tu pɹɛzʌnt deɪ.

quite noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny's speech is very quiet and monotone, with some background noise that makes it sound very confined.'

jenny/1286

Children no older than you had to work twelve hours a day for cruel masters who flogged them with whips if they worked too slowly and fed them on nothing but stale breadcrusts and water.

children no older than you had to work twelve hours a day for cruel masters who flogged them with whips if they worked too slowly and fed them on nothing but stale breadcrusts and water.

moderate speed

tʃɪldɹʌn noʊ oʊldɜ˞ ðæn ju hæd tu wɜ˞k twɛlv aʊɜ˞z ʌ deɪ fɔɹ kɹuʌl mæstɜ˞z hu ðɛm wɪð wɪps ɪf ðeɪ wɜ˞kt tu sloʊli ʌnd fɛd ðɛm ɑn nʌθɪŋ bʌt steɪl ʌnd wɔtɜ˞.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

slightly monotone

'Jenny speaks with a slightly noisy, but otherwise moderate, monotone tone, with a bit of a roominess in the sound.'

jenny/12871

The dating of the Earth's history can be done using several geological methods such as stratigraphy, radiometric dating, and paleomagnetic dating.

the dating of the earth's history can be done using several geological methods such as stratigraphy, radiometric dating, and paleomagnetic dating.

slightly slowly

ðʌ deɪtɪŋ ʌv ðʌ ɜ˞θ'ɛs hɪstɜ˞i kæn bi dʌn juzɪŋ sɛvɹʌl dʒiʌlɑdʒɪkʌl mɛθʌdz sʌtʃ æz , deɪtɪŋ, ʌnd deɪtɪŋ.

very noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny's speech is very noisy and monotone, with limited variation in her tone of voice.'

jenny/12873

These three eras together comprise eleven periods and each period into epochs.

these three eras together comprise eleven periods and each period into epochs.

moderate speed

ðiz θɹi ɪɹʌz tʌɡɛðɜ˞ kʌmpɹaɪz ɪlɛvʌn pɪɹiʌdz ʌnd itʃ pɪɹiʌd ɪntu ɛpʌks.

quite clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

'Jenny speaks with a moderate level of monotone, but her voice is quite clear.'

jenny/12874

The similarities among all known present-day species indicate that they have diverged through the process of evolution from their common ancestor.

the similarities among all known present day species indicate that they have diverged through the process of evolution from their common ancestor.

moderate speed

ðʌ sɪmʌlɛɹʌtiz ʌmʌŋ ɔl noʊn pɹɛzʌnt-deɪ spiʃiz ɪndʌkeɪt ðæt ðeɪ hæv daɪvɜ˞dʒd θɹu ðʌ pɹɑsɛs ʌv ɛvʌluʃʌn fɹʌm ðɛɹ kɑmʌn ænsɛstɜ˞.

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

'Jenny's speech is very quiet, with a slight monotone delivery that is neither slow nor fast'.