source string | id string | question string | options list | answer string | reasoning string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2501 | Your expression for the velocity looks right; but we have to get a few other things taken care of.
First - the center of the marble doesn't move from 0 to 2R, it moves from r to 2R-r - so the potential energy due to this is smaller than mg(2R) which is what you had in your expression.
On the other hand, you need to t... | [
"heat",
"chill",
"freeze",
"starve"
] | B | as heat is transferred from something to something else , the temperature of that something will decrease |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2502 | climate-change, geography, rivers, rainfall, agriculture
Today Climate change and its consequences are some of the biggest challenges facing Humanity, with water scarcity being the big factor in Sub-Sahara Africa.
By Ultimately raising the Rainfall in the entire Southern Africa, through the managed and controlled fill... | [
"a water feature",
"a pool",
"a water park",
"a lake"
] | D | rain is a source of water |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2503 | ethology, herpetology
The 'taping the surface they are on' seems like an attempt to induce vibrations, which is a method of communication.(2)
Some chameleon species communicate with one another by vibrating the substrate that they are standing on, such as a tree branch or leaf. Animals that use vibrational communicat... | [
"in shells",
"frozen",
"alive",
"in corpses"
] | A | reptiles lay eggs |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2504 | visible-light, atmospheric-science, sun
Title: Why is there less UV light on earth in winter? So I have often read that, at least in e.g. northern Europe, in the colder seasons, there is not enough UV (-B) light arriving from the sun, so many people have not enough vitamin-D from that.
At first I thought it was simply... | [
"precipitation",
"blue skies",
"clear skies",
"empty skies"
] | A | as the amount of rain increases in an environment , available sunlight will decrease in that environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2505 | the-sun, light, rotation, planetary-atmosphere
Title: Why is twilight longer in summer than winter and shortest at the equinox I recently decided to set my alarm clock to wake me up when it is "dark" out. In the end, I decided to set my clock to the earliest time that nautical sunrise is in my state (Illinois) and st... | [
"March",
"November",
"January",
"May"
] | D | June is during the summer in the northern hemisphere |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2506 | botany, plant-physiology, plant-anatomy
It made me wonder if we are simulating the sun in a dark room for growing the plants with the help of red, blue, and a little bit of far-red light, what will happen to the plants if we keep the ideal conditions for which the plants carry out photosynthesis whole day? Does it aff... | [
"thirty leaves",
"ten leaves",
"six leaves",
"one leaf"
] | A | a leaf absorbs sunlight to perform photosynthesis |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2507 | geothermal-heat, open-data, mining, canada
Title: Canadian equivalent to AMLIS database? I am interested in in situ coal fires. In furtherance of this, I am hoping to find a database of Canadian mine reclamation sites, complete with incident or status reports and descriptions of specific problems.
I've poked around a... | [
"icebergs",
"jewelry store",
"lakes",
"mountains"
] | D | coal mine is a source of coal under the ground |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2508 | visible-light, sun, weather
Title: Why are clouds lighter than the sky during the day but darker at night This is probably a very basic question but I couldn't find a good answer to it, most search results are about rain clouds or clouds appearing red at night (something I've never seen except for during sunset but ap... | [
"glow longer",
"end sooner",
"last longer",
"stay later"
] | B | when the seasons change from the summer to the fall , the amount of daylight will decrease |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2509 | resources, soil
Title: Is soil a renewable resource? My geology textbook tells me that soil is not renewable, and I agree with this, but there was some question in my class as to whether this is true.
Some soils take more than a human lifetime to regenerate. However, in crop production, it seems as if soil can be reg... | [
"once",
"endlessly",
"only three times",
"only twice"
] | B | renewable resources can be used over again |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2510 | #### Raschedian
Thank you DaveE. Your explanation clarifies things for me a lot more.
### Physics Forums Values
We Value Quality
• Topics based on mainstream science
• Proper English grammar and spelling
We Value Civility
• Positive and compassionate attitudes
• Patience while debating
We Value Productivity
• Discip... | [
"a doctor who sleeps six hours daily",
"a nurse who nine hours of shut eye daily",
"a student who sleeps 2 hours daily",
"a teacher who sleeps 5 hours daily"
] | B | a human requires rest to be healthy |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2511 | human-biology, physiology, proteins, amino-acids, diet
Title: Amino Acid requirement + intake in relation to diet + meat type I was arguing with a friend:
I said: The Yulin festivals cannot be condemned by western culture, as we also kill animals in equally cruel ways.
She said: It isn't just that the killing is crue... | [
"it will break down",
"it will be poisoned",
"it will be energized",
"it will get sick"
] | C | nutrients are a source of energy for living things |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2512 | botany, anatomy, plant-anatomy
Title: Plant anatomy, what are these stem like filaments growing under the flower The picture below shows what I am talking about. Each flower has one and I am just wondering what they are? Looking at this, it looks like a spur. A quite overbreed one, though.
The following is multiple c... | [
"food dye",
"Fire",
"Lava",
"Metal"
] | A | a plant stem contains a system of tubes for transporting water and nutrients to other parts of the plant |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2513 | acoustics
Title: Resonance in a 1 ft granite box
I have a granite cube made using 6 slabs of granite 1 foot square and 1 inch thick. The top and bottom slabs have a 1 inch margin around the edge. The slabs are just set together, not notched or mortared or anything.
I also have a concrete block with pipes running thro... | [
"a waterfall",
"air",
"an solid object",
"a log"
] | C | tapping two objects together causes the particles in those objects to vibrate |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2514 | species-identification, botany
Title: Identification of a plant Please help me to identify this plant
The plants can be found on italian balconies and I would like to buy one, but I do not know what I should look for.
The habit of the plant is trailing. This is likely to be a stone plant (Aizoaceae), depending on hab... | [
"Air",
"Basil",
"Apple Juice",
"Metal"
] | B | plants are the source of spices |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2515 | pie. Let \$$\mathcal X\$$ be the \$$\mathbf{Cost}\$$-category where the objects are the elements of \$$\mathbb N[S]\$$ and \$$\mathcal X (x, x')\$$ is the time it takes to turn the list of ingredients described by \$$x\$$ into the list of ingredients described by \$$x'\$$ or \$$\infty\$$ if this is impossible. Some exa... | [
"chemical reaction",
"cake",
"lots of sweat",
"fear of ovens"
] | A | cooking causes a chemical reaction |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2516 | [13]:
nutrients = pd.DataFrame(
index=[
"Vitamin A",
"Vitamin B1",
"Vitamin C",
"Calcium",
"Iron",
"Phosphorus",
"Potassium",
"Total fat",
"Carbohydrates",
"Proteins",
]
)
nutrients["DRI"] = [800, 1.1, 80, 800, 14, 700, 2000, 70, 260, 50]
nutrients["Chicken Breast"] = [0, 0.1, 0, 4, 0.40, 210, 370, 0.8, 0, 23.3]
nutri... | [
"magic",
"smoothies",
"my feelings",
"my anger"
] | B | eating food is used to get nutrients by living things |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2517 | botany, plant-physiology, plant-anatomy
Title: How do plants grow year after year even though they die? How do plants grow, die, and then grow again? For instance, when my plants die during the winter, how do they grow again next year? Does it have something to do with the root system? Or do they even die? It depends ... | [
"is released",
"is eaten",
"is born",
"is burned"
] | A | if a leaf falls off of a tree then that leaf is dead |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2518 | algorithms, graphs, optimization
There is one final component of your problem we have not addressed, i.e., there is a set of books $S_1$ that MUST go into box 1 and a set $S_2$ that MUST go into box 2.
Off the top of my head, I do not see a way to fix this without incorporating a source and sink $s$ and $t$ (for box... | [
"left outside",
"burned quickly",
"thrown away",
"filled repeatedly"
] | D | An example of avoiding waste is using an object more than once |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2519 | ecology
Title: Statement about Tropical Rainforests I made a statement about tropical rainforests, and I want to know if it's somewhat true or not:
The soil in tropical rainforests is not exceptionally fertile, because it contains few minerals. The reason that a tropical rainforest has a huge amount of vegetation is b... | [
"water there is clean",
"people there are silly",
"oaks there are mighty",
"birds there are fat"
] | C | large trees block sunlight from reaching the ground |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2520 | philosophy
Title: Should I use anthropomorphic language when discussing AI? The English Language is not well-suited to talking about artificial intelligence, which makes it difficult for humans to communicate to each other about what an AI is actually "doing". Thus, it may make more sense to use "human-like" terms to ... | [
"that smell",
"that color",
"that volume",
"that taste"
] | C | the volume of an object can be used to describe the size of that object |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2521 | atmospheric-chemistry
But some researchers have argued it does make a notable contribution in the lower atmosphere, but indirectly. There doesn't appear to be a consensus on how big this effect is (and the Wikipedia reference is old and obsolete). The argument for ozone being a notable contributor is based on the foll... | [
"using solar panels on the house",
"throwing plastic in the pacific",
"using plastic to make raincoats",
"using glass bottles to make a house"
] | B | pollution is a source of pollutants |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2522 | trees, forestry
Title: Why do some trees hold their leaves through fall and winter? Why do some species of oak (Quercus spp.) retain their leaves through fall and winter? I've found that these leaves are called marcescent leaves. There must be some benefit that the tree gains from this because it seems like it would ... | [
"heavy poetry",
"air mass interaction",
"wishful thinking",
"the moon's gravity"
] | B | pushing an object requires force |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2523 | evolution, botany, development, fruit, seeds
What is the point of fruit if not to be eaten? It’s my understanding that organisms will adapt to survive and thrive. I understand that being eaten can spread seeds, but this just seems like too much of a risky tactic to rely on.
Following on from part one: If being eaten i... | [
"inside the original plant",
"beneath the original plant",
"away from the original plant",
"in the original plant"
] | C | seed dispersal is when the seeds of a plant are moved from the plant to a new environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2524 | cooling
Title: A question about cooling (related to a question asked by someone else) It's a simple question, but this post asking why it is that tea cools faster when it is evenly divided into two different cups, made me wonder if it's a similar case for solid food. An answer to the tea question is that the tea cools... | [
"cup of noodles",
"the hot tea",
"the iced tea",
"tee in alphabet"
] | B | as heat is transferred from something to something else , the temperature of that something will decrease |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2525 | food, nutrition, energy-metabolism
Title: What are the bare minimum nutrients required to survive as a human? I am trying to determine the bare minimum nutritional requirements to survive as a human, ignoring energy (caloric) requirements. Another way to ask this question is: What elements can humans not live without?... | [
"bright sunlight",
"corn",
"polluted water",
"coal"
] | D | fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2526 | # Is there no solution to the blue-eyed islander puzzle?
Text below copied from here
The Blue-Eyed Islander problem is one of my favorites. You can read about it here on Terry Tao's website, along with some discussion. I'll copy the problem here as well.
There is an island upon which a tribe resides. The tribe consi... | [
"her parents' intentions",
"her parents' genes",
"learned traits",
"her past life"
] | B | genes are a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2527 | evolution, species
Title: Reasons why living fossils exist?
A living fossil is a living species (or clade) that
appears to be similar to another species otherwise known only from fossils,
typically with no close living relatives.
A living fossil is considered as a successful organism, which has made its way thro... | [
"extinct theories",
"ancient beings",
"huge needles",
"large beans"
] | B | An example of a fossil is the bones of an extinct animal |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2528 | heat-transfer, energy-efficiency, heat-exchanger, engines, diesel
Cat has a nice engineering primer on engine cooling - http://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/Caterpillar/CM20160713-53120-13199
Vehicles often use air-to-air aftercooling and oil cooling, so the aftercooler and oil cooler heat doesn't end up in the radiator.... | [
"winter",
"spring",
"fall",
"summer"
] | A | a radiator is a source of heat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2529 | organic-chemistry, catalysis, green-chemistry
Title: How does the work that won the 2012 Sustainable Chemistry Award contribute to sustainable chemistry? I'm seeking a lay explanation for how the work of Dr Marc Taillefer that won the 2012 European Sustainable Chemistry Award, contributes to sustainable chemistry.
Fro... | [
"using more Styrofoam",
"buying more stuff",
"reusing plastic dishware",
"burning more plastic"
] | C | An example of protecting the environment is reducing the amount of waste |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2530 | climate, solar-terrestrial-physics
Title: Why is March colder than September in Northern Hemisphere? Forgive my ignorance of the subject but I was always wondered about the exact reason of this phenomenon.
Vernal equinox happens around March 20, whereas autumnal equinox happens around September 22, so wherever you are... | [
"the autumnal equinox",
"the vernal equinox",
"the summer solstice",
"the winter solstice"
] | D | the winter solstice is on December 21st in the northern hemisphere |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2531 | oceanography, rivers, satellite-oddities
Title: What are these river/canyon-like carvings in the ocean? Browsing around Google Maps, I came across this off the south-west coast of Ireland
It looks very consistent with the shape rivers and their tributaries might make, but it has me puzzled since it's all underwater!
... | [
"the moon",
"whales",
"riverflow",
"fear"
] | C | most canyons are formed by flowing rivers through erosion over long periods of time |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2532 | inorganic-chemistry, physical-chemistry, materials
The geometric simplicity of your custom part, however, suggests that you could cut it from a plastic sheet, obviating molding and the potentially expensive equipment that goes with it.
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
You might recy... | [
"happiness",
"love",
"beanies",
"the sun"
] | C | An example of recycling is using an object to make a new object |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2533 | botany, terminology, trees
Title: Branch taking over a tree trunk I stumbled upon a birch growing in sandy soil in a coniferous forest in central Russia.
It looks like over time the tree trunk got bent towards the trail and one of the branches became the new trunk as it now grows straight up, whereas the old trunk is ... | [
"they will become taller",
"they will grow stronger",
"they will thrive and rise",
"they will perish right there"
] | D | if a tree is cut down then that tree will die |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2534 | thermodynamics, visible-light, lenses
I forgot to mention that you can't heat the sample beyond about $5500\,K$ (which is the temperature of a black body that best fits the spectrum we receive at sea level). Of course, you need to know what you're doing to get anywhere close to this temperature.
The following is mult... | [
"rubbing noses",
"swimming in Antartica",
"touching ice",
"sitting in freezers"
] | A | a car engine is a source of heat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2535 | reinforcement-learning, ai-design, control-theory
Without any proximity reward, you will rely on the wolf literally bumping into the rabbit through random behaviour, before it will have any data example that getting the vector between itself and the rabbit close to (0,0) is a good thing. You may need to have a relativ... | [
"squirrel",
"mice",
"snails",
"hawks"
] | D | some animals move quickly to escape predators |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2536 | evolution, biochemistry, plant-physiology, plant-anatomy, life
Title: Plants without bacteria? is it theoretically possible? I know from school, that all live on the Earth need bacteria as low-level "machines" that break down/extract/convert/produce chemical elements and combinations, other high-level organisms needed... | [
"TV shows",
"sustenance",
"friends",
"candy"
] | B | soil contains nutrients for plants |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2537 | photosynthesis
Title: Photosynthesis in oxygen free enviornment If a plant is grown in an oxygen free enviornment would it live longer in light or darkness?
It is evident that oxygen would compete with carbon dioxide during various processes like competing with carbon dioxide for reducing power, also oxygen quenches t... | [
"understand",
"sour",
"calibrate",
"pray"
] | C | changes in an environment cause plants to adapt to survive |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2538 | planet, orbit
Title: Do the orbits of planets change sometimes? Do planets sometimes wobble and get off their paths? What if an asteroid were to hit it? Yes, the orbits change massively over time. For example, Earth's eccentricity (how close to a circle the orbit is), its axial tilt (what causes seasons), and precess... | [
"lazy",
"jaded",
"slanted",
"stilted"
] | C | Earth 's tilt on its axis causes seasons to occur |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2539 | meteorology, weather-forecasting, barometric-pressure
Title: Do high pressure systems draw air towards them? I refer to the this very recent article, which quotes Andrew Watkins (Manager of Climate Prediction Services at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology).
My understanding has always been that air flows away from h... | [
"mittens",
"shorts",
"flip flops",
"a bathing suit"
] | A | June is during the winter in the southern hemisphere |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2540 | D is the answer, a 38% chance that A or B is the answer, and a 3% chance that the answer is C or E. Thus, answer D (conditions 1) and 2), when applied separately, are sufficient to answer the question) is most likely, but there may be cases where the answer is A,B,C or E. _________________ MathRevolution: Finish GMAT Q... | [
"focused light beams like lasers can endanger pilots",
"napkins can endanger pilots",
"sweaters can endanger pilots",
"teddy bears can endanger pilots"
] | A | a laser is used for producing light |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2541 | zoology, species-identification, ornithology, behaviour
Title: What is this crow eating, and is it a common part of the corvid diet? Here's a picture (by Rob Curtis) of a crow carrying and eating the corpse of what looks a bit like a small hawk or falcon:
Other pictures clearly show the crow is eating the dead bird. ... | [
"Metal",
"Cucumbers",
"Pigs",
"Chalk"
] | B | a deer lives in a forest |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2542 | species-identification, botany, ecology, trees
Title: Identifying a shrub with unusual "many shoots" growth behavior While recently hiking in the southern mountains of New Hampshire, we came across a plant, and some of them were exhibiting what we interpreted to be a disease, or least unusual growth. On some of the no... | [
"ghosts",
"gales",
"spirits",
"angels"
] | B | wind carries sand from one place to another place |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2543 | pressure, friction, material-science
Now we have a triaxial compressive stress state. If all stresses were equal, there would be no plastic deformation. But as the friction forces have a limit, the vertical stress increases until the difference to the horizontal stress is enough to deform the material (or break the ro... | [
"skies are clear",
"cats are playing",
"leaves are budding",
"weather is poor"
] | D | storms can cause a landslide |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2544 | death, kidney
Title: For how long can a person drink sea water? How long could a person of lets say 18 years be able to drink sea water without getting too much into trouble ? Or can a person drink it without noticing that it is a very bad idea ? I don't mean in just 1 drink session but like can one manage a day or tw... | [
"high temp snow",
"catching falling ash",
"visiting a valley",
"pray"
] | A | snow falls during the winter in some environments |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2545 | fracking, clathrates
Title: Do we know how large deposits of methane clathrates were formed in permafrost regions? We can see that there are large buildups of methane clathrates in permafrost regions. This seems different to the buildups of natural gas which fracking releases, which appear to have just come from escap... | [
"years of dead things changing composition",
"years of muddy waters churning",
"years of growing bananas",
"years of pickled flowers"
] | A | heat and pressure change the remains of prehistoric living things into natural gas |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2546 | programming, qiskit
Which will output:
┌───┐
q_0: ┤ X ├
└───┘
┌───┐┌─────┐┌───┐
q_0: ┤ H ├┤ qc1 ├┤ Z ├
└───┘└─────┘└───┘
New circuit with controlled:
q_0: ───■───
┌──┴──┐
q_1: ┤ qc2 ├
└─────┘
Decomposed new circuit:
┌────────┐ ... | [
"is turned off",
"is uninterrupted",
"has multiple paths",
"incomplete"
] | B | a closed circuit has continuous path |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2547 | species-identification, botany
Title: Can you identify this (possibly waterstoring) plant? My son brought home a sapling, and after 4 years in a pot it is now about 30 cm or a foot high (from the "ground" to the top of the "stem"). It doesn't need a lot of water and can go weeks without being watered, in fact it seems... | [
"glacier sheets",
"blue songs",
"groves",
"underwater trenches"
] | C | if something is a raw material then that something comes directly from a source |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2548 | environmental-protection, natural-disasters
Title: The impact of red mud near Hamburg On October 4, 2010 a disaster started at a site in Ajka, Hungary. A red mud reservoir near an alumina plant broke, and the toxic material moved through nature and on into the northern half of Devecser village and killed 10 people, in... | [
"weather",
"sunlight",
"critters",
"organism diagrams"
] | C | loss of resources has a negative impact on the organisms in an area |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2549 | electrostatics, electricity, water, everyday-life, air
Title: The Ultimate Hand Dryer I have come across many hand dryers that attempt to dry your hands really fast after you wash them. Here are two of them:
XLERATOR
http://www.exceldryer.com/
Dyson Airblade
http://www.dysonairblade.com/homepage.asp
So I guess I have ... | [
"A wet shoe outside",
"A wet cloth in the fridge",
"A wet cloth in the dirt",
"A wet cloth under shade"
] | A | the sun causes water to evaporate more quickly by adding heat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2550 | np-complete, reductions, satisfiability, integer-programming
Convert these two circuits to CNF, filling in the $a_{1j}$ variables and $b_1$ since they are given.
Repeat for all rows, but reuse the $x_j$ variables between them.
Take all the comparison bulbs and AND them together to get a single lightbulb as output. T... | [
"tic tac toe",
"ping pong",
"hide and seek",
"PONG"
] | D | when an electrical conductor is plugged into an outlet , a circuit is completed |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2551 | botany, marine-biology, salt
Title: Mangroves and desalination of sea water I am not an expert but I guess that mangroves (or some other plants that thrive in sea water) perform some kind of desalination to extract fresh water from sea water.
Is this true? If yes, What biological mechanisms are used to remove salt fr... | [
"manipulates habitat",
"makes habitat nicer",
"helps them out",
"gives them money"
] | A | fish lay eggs |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2552 | newtonian-mechanics, momentum, conservation-laws, projectile, everyday-life
Title: When you hit a baseball, does the ball ever travel faster than the bat? It seems impossible, yet I'm thinking that maybe because the ball compresses against the bat a bit it acts a little like a spring, and DOES travel faster than the b... | [
"a map",
"time travel",
"their voice",
"their magic"
] | C | bats can echolocate |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2553 | evolution, species
Title: Reasons why living fossils exist?
A living fossil is a living species (or clade) that
appears to be similar to another species otherwise known only from fossils,
typically with no close living relatives.
A living fossil is considered as a successful organism, which has made its way thro... | [
"dino track",
"animal eye",
"human heart",
"abandoned nest"
] | A | a nest is made of branches |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2554 | evolution, homework
Title: Can someone help me analyze this article? I need to read this article — "Beyond the rainbow" by
Marie-Claire Koschowitz et al., for an exam.
Following are some questions for which I could not figure the answer out after reading.
1) Why does this miniaturization necessitates insulation ? Fo... | [
"a chickadee",
"a rabbit",
"a ferret",
"a dog"
] | A | birds build nests in the spring |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2555 | the-moon
But, arguably, it's still less red than a sunset. Why is the moon's reddening less obvious than the sun's?
The moon is already a little reddish
I think it's important to think about what 'reddening' means. You said "the spectrum of moonlight is more redshifted than that of the sun, which should contribute to ... | [
"it's embarrassed",
"it's really yellow",
"it's sick",
"genetics"
] | D | the colors of the parts of an organism are inherited characteristics |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2556 | genetics, vision
Females who are heterozygous for red and green pigment genes that encode three
spectrally distinct photopigments have the potential for enhanced color vision, as they are effectively tetrachromats (Deeb, 2005, Neitz et al., 1991). However, sensitive color-contrast testing on 43 tetrachromats has revea... | [
"genes have little effect at all on eye color",
"dominant alleles are more common there",
"recessive genes being more common there",
"Thor's Hammer causes it to be so"
] | C | when both a dominant and recessive gene are present , the dominant trait will be visible |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2557 | geology, mineralogy, minerals, weathering
To me, supergene has a specific meaning, it may be part of the weathering process in some locations, but weathering involves the breaking down of rocks due to: reactions with atmospheric gasses, water (usually rain), changes brought on by plants, bacteria wind and temperature.... | [
"change a sculpture to dust",
"build a steel city",
"travel to space on air",
"create a time traveling vortex."
] | A | An example of weathering is when a plant root grows into a crack in rock |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2558 | physiology, muscles
Title: Does muscle get bigger by increase in size of individual cells or increase in number? Somewhere in the back of my mind, I have the claim that a muscle never increases its amount of cells but, if the muscle gets bigger, it's simply because individual cells get bigger.
The book Anatomy Trains ... | [
"starvation",
"trees",
"belly size",
"hunger"
] | C | as the amount of food an animal eats increases , the weight of that animal will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2559 | stereo, ros-kinetic
(don't have space to post full code).
Comment by glagla on 2016-08-03:
Could you send me the code you tried by mail? @ svendxs@gmail.com please?
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
A stereo can run on converted energy through | [
"wires",
"coins",
"AAAs",
"hope"
] | C | batteries convert chemical energy to electrical energy |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2560 | Suppose A and B are statements of interest. Suppose we want to say in a short sentence that “whenever A is true, B is true, and that when A is false, we do not claim anything about the truth of B”. We use the word “implies” and state for short that “A is true implies B is true”, and mean the truth relations in the trut... | [
"finches with fat beaks can eat ants in a small anthill",
"finches with narrow beaks can eat only human meat",
"finches with narrow beaks can eat ants in a small anthill",
"finches with fat beaks can eat only human meat"
] | C | a skinny beak is used for obtaining food by a bird from small spaces |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2561 | homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, forces, work, free-body-diagram
Title: Problems with work on an inclined plane
A constant force $F_a$ of magnitude $82.0N$ is applied to a $3.00 kg$ shoe box at angle $53.0^{\circ}$, causing the box to move up a frictionless ramp at constant speed. How much work is done on... | [
"The box is a lot lighter than it was earlier",
"the box being grey",
"his box being more voluminous",
"the ramp is more high angle then it was earlier"
] | D | an inclined plane is used for raising objects |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2562 | physical-chemistry, reaction-mechanism, enthalpy, free-energy
I would think that in order to be able to go to the intermediate state, one needs to provide energy, thus that it could not be spontaneous for this reason. One needs to provide energy, for example by heating, that is increasing temperature.
How is that poss... | [
"air",
"water",
"sand",
"fossilized matter"
] | D | fossils are formed when layers of sediment cover the remains of organisms over time |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2563 | organic-chemistry, everyday-chemistry, experimental-chemistry, biochemistry, food-chemistry
Title: How Bread is made with yeast, sugar and luke warm milk? Materials and Apparatus:
wheat flour
sugar
dry yeast
glass bowl
covering plate
milk
Procedure:
Lukewarm milk is taken in the glass bowl and sugar is added to it.... | [
"an extension cord",
"adamantium claws",
"a power cord",
"dirt and gravel"
] | C | an electrical device requires electricity to turn on |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2564 | radiation
You see similar things happening here. The metal rod at the top of the lamp acts as a capacitive ground - given the very high voltage, a tiny charge will flow from the tip of the filament to the rod. There is a small amount of gas in the tube which is ionized and gives rise to the light you see. The electron... | [
"rainbows",
"thermal exchange",
"darkness",
"heat sinks"
] | B | some light bulbs convert electricity into light and heat energy |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2565 | Suppose A and B are statements of interest. Suppose we want to say in a short sentence that “whenever A is true, B is true, and that when A is false, we do not claim anything about the truth of B”. We use the word “implies” and state for short that “A is true implies B is true”, and mean the truth relations in the trut... | [
"hydrogen is composed of water and oxygen",
"waiters are composed of hydrogen and oxygen",
"most of our oceans, lakes, and pond are composed of hydrogen and oxygen",
"water is composed of hydrojets and oxyclean"
] | C | the composition of something can be used to identify that something |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2566 | general-biology, habitat
Title: How does life change when you dig deeper? I've just realized that I have no idea what life / biotopes / soil looks like when you dig deeper than a few meters.
I know that in the first meter of soil you can find all sorts of live animals (like moles and rabbits), insects (like ants, but ... | [
"dirty",
"killed by others",
"in dirt",
"near worms"
] | B | living underground can be used for hiding from predators |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2567 | palaeontology, herpetology
Title: How big can cold-blooded animals get? It seems impossible to have reptiles the size of dinosaurs, just because they are really big! Did they have different systems of maintaining body temperature or maybe they weren't the exact type of animals that we today call reptiles? Answer is q... | [
"colder places",
"hotter regions",
"Jupiter's polar caps",
"northern desert regions"
] | A | living in an environment causes an organism to adapt to that environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2568 | species-identification, ornithology
Title: Help me find out what this bird is (description, no picture) A while ago I read about this bird(s) whose species status was not confirmed. This was because they had a very large distribution and birds in adjacent population could breed with each other but birds at each end of... | [
"sees others of its species in large amounts",
"friendly with many other birds",
"glad to have so much company",
"unlikely to meet more of its type"
] | D | endangered means low in population |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2569 | Note:
Depending on where, and how frequently, you round during this function, your answers may be off a few cents in either direction. Try rounding as few times as possible in order to increase the accuracy of your result.
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
Which is most accurate? | [
"the Earth revolves around a large, bright nuclear reactor",
"the sun makes magical reactions that are visible",
"the sun makes nuclear reactions that are visible instantly",
"the sun makes nuclear reactions that are visible only days later"
] | A | nuclear reactions in stars causes stars to produce light |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2570 | ocean, glaciology, ice, ecology, cryosphere
Title: Do icebergs have any impact on ecology? Are icebergs neutral actors in the environment, or do they have any impact on the local ecology. Do they have any environmental impacts that might influence any part of the biosphere? Yes, they have many impacts:
They provide ... | [
"an 8.1 earthquake",
"a tree falling",
"a light rainfall",
"a minor snowstorm"
] | A | natural events usually cause changes to Earth 's surface |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2571 | cosmology, string-theory, quantum-gravity, theory-of-everything, poincare-recurrence
The timescale is vastly longer than anything we have a chance to experimentally test. Each 10 billion years or so, the linear distances between galaxies double and the density of normal matter decreases by an order of magnitude. In hu... | [
"stony",
"ice",
"hollow",
"gold"
] | A | Earth 's surface is made of rock |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2572 | forces, air, coriolis-effect
Title: Does Coriolis effect affect snowing? Right now, outside is snowing. No matter what window I look from, the snow constantly for last few hours tends to fall to the right close to the window, and to the left close to the building across the street, just like it would suggest the Corio... | [
"they miss relatives",
"of a vacation",
"their following orders",
"of instinct"
] | D | migration is an instinctive behavior |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2573 | meteorology, atmosphere, geophysics, climate, geography
Finally, I have to note that I've interpreted "calmest" as the minimum mean wind speed. However, it would be sensible also to consider it as the place with the lowest maximum wind speed or some other metric, that would perhaps change the picture described above. ... | [
"in the elephant's habitat",
"in the crab's habitat",
"in the cow's habitat",
"in the cactus' habitat"
] | D | as dryness increases in an environment , the available water in that environment will decrease |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2574 | fluid-statics
Title: Is this watering with gravity concept possible with physics?
I was thinking of putting together a auto watering scheme for my plants. Main objective is to just have one place to fill water, and it will disperse to several cups equally. I might have the physics wrong but i remember some force whic... | [
"xylem",
"flowering pistols",
"sprinkler",
"leaves"
] | A | xylem carries water from the roots of a plant to the leaves of a plant |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2575 | phylogenetics, trees, visualization
An interesting - and new to me - point of view is given in Joseph Ahrens' answer to this Quora question:
How do you interpret ancestry in phylogenetic trees?
What slowly becomes clear to me: It's about the interpretation of straight line segments, maximal straight lines, of horizont... | [
"the trees had more sunlight for those years",
"the trees were dead during those years",
"during those years, there was less precipitation",
"the trees had extra water those years"
] | C | as the amount of available water decreases , tree-growth rings will become narrower |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2576 | c++, console, simulation
bool keepWinOpen = true;
while (keepWinOpen) {
// 'q' to quit
int in = getch();
if (in == 'q') {
keepWinOpen = false;
}
/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DumbBug Behavior
----------------------... | [
"the animal habitats",
"for more pests",
"bees and birds",
"more wanted vitamins"
] | D | farming cause nutrients in the soil to decrease |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2577 | Good question. I especially liked your journey (seen through your edits) as you were grappling with this problem. I wish more questions on this site were written like this.
The very short answer is: Yes, we need to disambiguate the word "accuracy" and we also need the prior probability.
What does prediction accuracy ... | [
"sharks use gills to swim underwater for longer than humans can",
"humans use gills to extract carbon from the water",
"sharks use gills to extract carbon from the water",
"sharks are unable to find oxygen while underwater"
] | A | gills are used for breathing water by aquatic animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2578 | newtonian-mechanics, everyday-life, collision, spring
But if you pull the small block away from the large block slowly, then the large block will follow the small block, while the spring doesn't stretch terribly much. In this case, the low acceleration of the large mass takes place over a longer time, and so it can m... | [
"steer",
"park",
"push",
"brake"
] | C | as the resistance to something increases , how easilty that something can be done will decrease |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2579 | ecology, behaviour, sociality, predation, community-ecology
Title: How selective are wolves about the size of their prey? For an animal that lives and hunts socially like a wolf, is there a lower threshold to the size of prey items they will hunt? A pack wouldn't have much trouble with catching say a rabbit, but would... | [
"Snail",
"Frigate Bird",
"turtle",
"Sloth"
] | B | if an organism 's prey moves quickly then that organism may need to move quickly to catch its prey |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2580 | It just turns out nicely for C that he is one of the people whose hat colors D and C both know about.
To introduce a modified challange: if the task were to yell out C's hat color right away, D would know for certain, C would have the increased probability of $2/3$ and A and B would be stuck with the random guess of $... | [
"glass slipper",
"crock pot",
"ceramic plate",
"enlarger"
] | D | magnifying glass is used to see small things by making objects appear bigger |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2581 | newtonian-mechanics, newtonian-gravity, acceleration, collision, free-fall
Title: What would happen if when falling down you get pushed up? I know it will be a weird question, but im not a physics well informed person and I had this unsolved question for long time.
What would happen if lets say you are falling with so... | [
"a leaning tower",
"a balloon",
"a feather",
"a towel"
] | A | buildings collapsing often cause death |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2582 | human-biology, toxicology
Title: Is nicotine toxic to humans? More specifically, is nicotine in the concentrations that smokers receive when smoking cigarettes toxic? I know that in great enough concentrations it can be toxic (but then, so can just about anything else, including oxygen) and I know that in plants it is... | [
"happy",
"swell",
"lovely",
"pained"
] | D | burning a living thing usually causes harm to that living thing |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2583 | seismology, earthquakes, seismic-hazards, drilling
Title: Why aren't seismic stations installed very deep underground so as to pre-warn from earthquakes? The velocity of p-waves emanating from earthquakes is in the range of 5-8 km/s (link)--let's assume it is 5 km/s. The earthquake depth is up to hundreds of kms deep ... | [
"It is the start of the Olympics",
"Cats come out of the crack",
"Jimmy may need to move",
"A magical god comes out"
] | C | an earthquake changes Earth 's surface quickly |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2584 | photosynthesis
Title: What vegetation would thrive in the Martian atmosphere? Most plants require carbon dioxide for their photosynthesis, which Mars has in overabundance.
Would atmosphere composition (let's ignore temperatures for the purpose of this question) of Mars allow vegetation to grow? This is not my field b... | [
"under the sun",
"at night",
"in summer weather",
"in daylight"
] | B | darkness has a negative impact on photosynthesis |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2585 | reproduction, human-genetics, human-genome
I missed the "as a species" part of your question. Inbreeding will only likely have an effect within small, closed populations, though it will continue to have a lasting effect even as those populations grow and open up. Two textbook examples are French Canadians and Ashkenaz... | [
"sadness",
"resurgence",
"shrinkage",
"regrowth"
] | C | if an organism dies then the population of that organism will decrease |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2586 | virus, life, philosophy-of-science
Title: Is there any definition of life which makes viruses undeterminable? There are many different definitions of life (RNA, something that comes through evolution) but not one I have seen which could not determine wheter viruses are living things (even though there are many definit... | [
"one thing doing nothing",
"large body of inanimate material",
"many small things working together",
"large lake of moving water"
] | C | a living thing is made of cells |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2587 | evolution, vision, neurophysiology
Mid-reds with mid-greens
Blue-greens with grey and mid-pinks
Bright greens with yellows
Pale pinks with light grey
Mid-reds with mid-brown
Light blues with lilac
There are reports on the benefits of being red-green color blind under certain specific conditions. For example, Morgan e... | [
"Baking a cake for a birthday",
"A sting ray covering itself in sand",
"Cleaning make up off my face",
"Going naked outside on a rainy day"
] | B | An example of camouflage is an organism looking like leaves |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2588 | friction
as expected.
So the blocks will slide over one another if
$\dfrac {F_1M + F_2m}{M+m} > Fr_{max} = \mu mg$
If $F_2 > F_1$ then a similar calculation gives the same condition.
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
Sliding off concrete and onto gravel produces higher levels of | [
"shine",
"value",
"longevity",
"chafing"
] | D | as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2589 | electricity, electric-circuits, electric-current, earth
Title: Will I get a shock when I try to use my hair-dryer under water? Occasionally people get killed in their bathtubs by having an electrical device such as a hair-dryer take the bath with them - in movies.
It seems to be a common belief that this is realistic,... | [
"a wooden duck",
"a powered toaster",
"a toy boat",
"an unpowered toaster"
] | B | water is an electrical conductor |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2590 | zoology, marsupials
Title: Do male marsupials have a pouch? Do male marsupials have a pouch, or is it a female organ only (like the womb)? In most marsupials, only the females have a pouch. However, males of the water opossum and the extinct tasmanian tiger (or thylacine) also have a pouch. The males of both the thyla... | [
"ran",
"died",
"birthed",
"flown"
] | C | mammals give birth to live young |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2591 | thermodynamics, everyday-life
Title: Why do fruits left to dry in the sun feel so much warmer to the touch than other objects outside? I have been putting preserved plums, on a rack, to sun and dry on my balcony. When I take them in at dusk, the plums are noticeably hot to the touch. They feel warmer than the bamboo a... | [
"90 degrees Fahrenheit, high humidity",
"low temperature, low humidity",
"low temperature, high humidity",
"90 degrees Fahrenheit, low humidity"
] | A | humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2592 | the-moon, earth, tidal-locking
Title: Earth rising and setting from moon's perspective Why the earth is rising and setting seen from the moon,
when the moon is tidally locked?
Shouldn't the earth be always on the same spot because of the tidal lock, if observed from the moon? You're quite right. The Earth is (nearly)... | [
"Happy",
"Max",
"Min",
"Middle"
] | B | the gravitational pull of the Moon on Earth 's oceans causes the tides |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2593 | python, object-oriented, design-patterns, flask, strategy-pattern
Title: on using the strategy pattern to switch between database layers I'd like to build an app in Flask that can switch between talking to a PostGresql and a Mongo DB. As I understand it, the Strategy Pattern is about being able to switch algorithms t... | [
"west to east",
"north to south",
"east to west",
"south to north"
] | B | migration is when animals move to different locations in an annual cycle |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2594 | phase-transition, biophysics, medical-physics, glass, amorphous-solids
313 6003 pp573-5 (1985).
This outcome was identified as early as the 1960s by electron microscopy of thawed cells, which revealed many puncture holes in the membrane.
Both freezing and rethawing are opportunities for damage, as recrystallization ca... | [
"buildings",
"Beds",
"cars",
"mountainsides"
] | D | ice wedging is when ice causes rocks to crack by expanding in openings |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2595 | terminology, meteorology
I've tried to illustrate the relationships with insolation and temperature here:
There are some other ways too:
Ecological. Scientists who study the behaviour of organisms (hibernation, blooming, etc.) adapt to the local climate, sometimes using 6 seasons in temperature zones, or only 2 in p... | [
"animals",
"rotation of sun",
"planet rotation",
"ocean tides"
] | C | if it is night then the sun has set |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2596 | botany, plant-physiology, plant-anatomy
It made me wonder if we are simulating the sun in a dark room for growing the plants with the help of red, blue, and a little bit of far-red light, what will happen to the plants if we keep the ideal conditions for which the plants carry out photosynthesis whole day? Does it aff... | [
"their roots",
"the light switch",
"CPR",
"respire"
] | D | living things require respiration to use energy |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2597 | newtonian-mechanics, estimation
Would the rock have created a seismic event of its own (if so, how large)?
Would the rock have created a crater? The energy of the rock at the time of hitting the earth is mgh.
No rock we know of is going to be able to survive this collision with out breaking into pieces.
Non the less i... | [
"increase in value",
"wet itself",
"play the radio",
"decrease momentum"
] | D | a force acting on an object in the opposite direction that the object is moving can cause that object 's speed to decrease in a forward motion |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2598 | neuroscience, perception, senses
Fig. 1. The BrainPort converts camera images into a 'grayscale' 400 pixel electrotactile image on the tongue. It partially restores visual function in the blind. Picture source: Midday Daily
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
If I was blind I could use... | [
"the color of Susie's eyes",
"the color of the sky",
"the color of Bob's hair",
"the shape of Tom's nose"
] | D | the shape of an object can be discovered through feeling that object |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2599 | A. 144
B. 122.5
C. 105.10
D. 72
E. 134
Another weighted average approach, expressed a bit differently.
Track on milk. We know the desired concentration of milk in the resultant mixture.
Milk is a fraction (or percentage or concentration) of all three mixtures of milk and water. The weighted average formula accounts ... | [
"only a thin tube",
"only a round dish",
"any kind of shape container",
"only a square container"
] | C | Matter in the liquid phase has variable shape |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2600 | everyday-chemistry, ionic-compounds
If you don't count the proteins, epithelial cells and bacteria that normally constitute human saliva...how would this make saliva any different from a simple laboratory-prepared cocktail of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, etc? Besides, ordinary (un-branded) bottled water woul... | [
"poison",
"rocks",
"air",
"solids"
] | A | polluting means something poisonous is added to an environment causing harm to the environment |
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