source
string
id
string
question
string
options
list
answer
string
reasoning
string
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2401
forces, free-fall, scaling Assuming the last assumption is correct, how are assumptions 2 and 3 related? Is there anything I missed? Overall, which person can withstand falls from greater heights: a lighter one, or a heavier one? It is difficult to determine which will fare better. Small mammals can survive a fall fro...
[ "sickly", "objectively fit", "malnourished", "in poor health" ]
B
being stronger usually has a positive impact on an organism 's health
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2402
geophysics, sedimentology, glaciology, topography, isostasy Are there any other reasons? What are the relative proportions in magnitude of these factors? Forming of coastline During the last ice age, the North Sea was dry. When the ice melted sea levels slowly started to rise again and due to tides and currents a barr...
[ "the pyramids often eroded, making their own sand", "constant breezes over time", "human automobiles transfer materials", "the space shuttle moved sand great distances" ]
B
wind carries sand from one place to another place
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2403
meteorology, wind Is this the correct definition? I'm a bit confused, since this contradicts the company support guys (which are specialist for this thing). They insist, there is not time-averaging-period attached to the definition of "Wind gust" which is, in my understanding, not sensible. There must be some time inf...
[ "place it outside next to the chimney", "place it in the basement of their house", "place it on the ground outdoors", "leave it in the car overnight" ]
A
an anemometer is used to measure wind speed
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2404
meteorology, atmosphere, geophysics, climate, geography Finally, I have to note that I've interpreted "calmest" as the minimum mean wind speed. However, it would be sensible also to consider it as the place with the lowest maximum wind speed or some other metric, that would perhaps change the picture described above. ...
[ "heavy snowfall + cold weather", "blizzard conditions + hurricanes", "blizzard conditions + lightning", "blizzard conditions + earthquakes" ]
A
bad weather decreases visibility while driving
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2405
geography, geomorphology, satellites, satellite-oddities Title: What produces these distinct shapes in the Rub' al Khali seen from space? update: Searching "Rub' al Khali Empty Quarter" found "Q2: What are sabkhas?" in https://www.geocaching.com/geocache/GC6BYQ0_rub-al-khali-the-empty-quarter which seems to be related...
[ "the Sahara desert", "the Iraqi Desert", "the Gobi Desert", "Kansas" ]
D
sand dunes are made of sand
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2406
plant-physiology Title: Would a plant survive if it was watered using hard-water? Hard water is water with high mineral/salt content. I'm told that a potted plant watered with a salt solution dries out sooner or later. Is this true? If so, would a plant survive if watered using hard-water? It would depend on the con...
[ "springtime", "rising temperatures", "cool breezes", "very cold temperatures" ]
D
usually plants die or become dormant during the winter
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2407
newtonian-mechanics, classical-mechanics, differential-equations, vibrations There are 2 ways round this difficulty. The 1st is to simulate the motion numerically, in small time increments. The 2nd is to approximate, for example by making the assumption that the motion of the ball is not affected by the motion of the ...
[ "abrasion", "lipids", "dairy", "thinking" ]
A
friction acts to counter the motion of two objects when their surfaces are touching
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2408
agriculture Title: What does "permanent field" mean in agriculture? I am reading a book that in a paragraph talks about the agricultural methods used in prehistoric Finland. The further north and east, the more extensive the amount of burn-beat cultivation, which was a far from primitive form of agriculture. The yiel...
[ "top layer of earth", "core of the earth", "bottom layer of earth", "middle layer of earth" ]
A
the top layer of soil contains the most nutrients
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2409
atomic-physics, history, brownian-motion Step 2) Because we know pollen is a particle -> sugar must be a particle also So then why not just measure the osmotic pressure of pollen and then the proof is done? Well I think the problem is that the osmotic pressure is going to be so tiny its undetectable. So back to step 1...
[ "assistance from vice principals", "delivery to the door", "assistance from flying creatures", "help from new neighbors" ]
C
A bee is a pollinating animal
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2410
geophysics, sedimentology Title: Does dirt compact itself over time? If so, how does this happen? If I were to bury something 10 feet (~3 metres) underground, with loose soil on top, would the ground naturally compact itself over time, until whatever I had buried has dirt tightly pressing against it on all sides? What...
[ "the local eagle population", "the native American population", "the neighborhood human population", "the native worm population" ]
D
tunnels in soil loosen that soil
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2411
zoology Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex ruminant digestive system. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft fecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. Consuming thes...
[ "dandelions", "eggs", "frogs", "birds" ]
A
cows only eat plants
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2412
thermodynamics, planets, atmospheric-science, rocket-science, fusion Adding ever more CO2 to an atmosphere has a logarithmic effect. Adding more CO2 to Mars' already saturated atmosphere won't have much of an effect. Mars low gravitational acceleration means the dry adiabatic lapse rate on Mars is less than half that ...
[ "trees", "humans", "cattle", "dogs" ]
A
as the population of plants decreases , carbon in the atmosphere will increase
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2413
zoology, ethology, behaviour, psychology, death Strange thought Organisms that have not evolved the ability to make "conscious choices" cannot decide to end their life. You will be hard-pressed to find any scientific data on this question. Psychology in humans is already a difficult study, at times failing to demonstr...
[ "their feet", "inside their heads", "their spines", "their homes" ]
B
an animal 's brain controls that animal
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2414
Question Find a relationship between $$x$$ and $$y$$ so that the triangle whose vertices are given by $$(x,y),(1,1)$$ and $$(5,1)$$ is a right triangle with the hypotenuse defined by the points $$(1,1)$$ and $$(5,1)$$. A (x+3)2(y1)2=22 B (x3)2+(y1)2=22 C x2+y2=22 D (x3)2(y2)2=32 Solution The following is multiple c...
[ "the moon orbits the sun which orbits the Earth", "the moon orbits the Earth which orbits the sun", "Earth orbits the moon which orbits the Earth", "Earth orbits the sun which orbits the moon" ]
B
the moon orbits the Earth
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2415
electromagnetism, electromagnetic-induction To see that this makes sense, consider the definition of emf: It is the work done on an electric charge over some path. Imagine a unit charge inside an electric field $\vec E$. To move this charge an infinitesimal distance $d\vec s$, we need energy $\vec E . d\vec s$. To get...
[ "tin pipes", "glass tubing", "plastic wires", "wood barrels" ]
A
metal is an electrical energy conductor
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2416
climate-change, climate In this case, as it is an area that it is almost constantly cloudy with high humidity, temperature is varying just a little bit, and except the first day of the period, it seems that there is no relationship. In fact, on the second day there was a storm (I am living now at Singapore) and it is ...
[ "be likely to precipitate", "have only bright sunshine", "have empty blue skies", "be sunny and clear" ]
A
cloudy means the presence of clouds in the sky
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2417
ecology I have tried to find explanatory texts both in this and other books without any success so my question is how's this balanced state achieved in both types of successions (the answer is hinted in the first paragraph which I don't quite understand)? Related to my last post. The author is saying that 1) Mature ec...
[ "liquid", "bloody", "diamond", "budding" ]
D
producer is a kind of role in an ecosystem
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2418
thermodynamics, heat-engine You have your flame power the $`` {\small{\begin{array}{c} \textbf{Hot Water} \\[-25px] \textbf{/ Steam} \end{array}}} "$ stream. This step is how we input the excessive driving force that comes from the flame's unnecessarily high temperature. You hook up some random waste heat source to t...
[ "ice", "wood", "seashells", "cookie dough" ]
D
cooking food requires adding heat energy
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2419
quantum-mechanics, pauli-exclusion-principle, thought-experiment, quantum-teleportation, quantum-states Title: Who's states would change first and how? If someone's quantum states were copied a few miles away and a group of particles there were changed to the same states(except position), thus a copy of that person wo...
[ "running in place", "walking straight", "jumping up/down", "sleeping" ]
B
moving changes position
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2420
geology Title: What is this? A sinkhole? Lat., long.38.47491, 43.48882, in the vicinity of Van in Turkey I saw this when hiking. I want to know what it is and what are the dangers it poses. Lots of people hike that area in spring and summer, villagers collect edible plants in the area and graze livestock there. This ...
[ "a babbling brook", "a mighty river", "a stagnant pond", "a light breeze" ]
B
water causes the most soil and rock erosion
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2421
the-sun, space, stellar-atmospheres However, when you have something the Sun or even fog, the optical depth varies with the distance you're looking into that object. I'll talk about fog since it's familiar, but the same idea applies to the Sun's atmosphere. Say you're standing in a forrest and its very foggy out. Ther...
[ "more umbrellas", "logging", "more trees", "taller trees" ]
B
large trees block sunlight from reaching the ground
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2422
newtonian-mechanics, kinematics, projectile Title: When I kik a ball at velocity Vo, angle alpha, from the ground..(no air resistance) I have the force acting on the ball equals to F = (Fx,Fy) = (0, -mg)? I mean I understand that I have the mg force on the y axis, pointing down, and I understand that there is no addit...
[ "a dog sees", "a ball sits", "a child notices", "a foot exerts" ]
D
if an object is kicked then force is exerted on that object
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2423
thermodynamics In essence, if we treat lava as a black body radiator with an emissivity of 0.8 (just to pick a "reasonable" value), we can compute the heat flow to an observer. This is essentially a fraction of the heat flow you would have if you were completely surrounded on all sides. This means that if you have a s...
[ "a hot golden leaf", "a cold deep sea", "a raised portion of land", "a sunken valley of ice" ]
C
a plateau is formed by a buildup of cooled lava
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2424
rocks, remote-sensing, archaeology, ground-truth Together, #1, #2, and #3 tell us that it's probably early summer just after the river ice has broken up. The tooth-like features in the left image are simply erosional remnants sticking out of the riverbank. They could be bedrock (not likely), ice wedges, unmelted perm...
[ "over a month", "over a decade", "over a year", "over a millennia" ]
D
a canyon forming occurs over a period of millions of years
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2425
species-identification, entomology Title: What is this insect? 6 legs and black spots What is this bug? Details: - Georgia, (Southern) USA - Maybe 1-4cm in size - Seen near an open area/crack between an outer door-frame and door where it could have come from outside, or going from inside to outside since the tempe...
[ "a pedometer", "a stethoscope", "a loupe", "a telescope" ]
C
magnifying glass is used to see small things by making objects appear bigger
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2426
safety, equipment Finally, make sure someone doesn't get the idea that the hood will stop all fumes and try to do a perchloric acid experiment using that hood--that will go badly. Now, all this being said... What you really need isn't to make this safe, what you need is to convince administration that you're doing th...
[ "yelping", "singing", "smoking", "breathing" ]
C
An example of protecting the environment is reducing the amount of pollutants
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2427
entomology Title: What is the name of this tiny creature? It looks like a tiny piece of moving cotton? By chance, I saw this tiny insect on my bag a few days ago in Sydney. Am I the first person who has pinpointed this animal?! If not can you please let me know its name? From your image, it looks like it might be a wo...
[ "carnation", "rock", "chair", "dove" ]
A
a flower produces pollen and seeds
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2428
carbon-cycle, biogeochemistry, carbon, limestone The rate of this process is dependent on how much energy you are prepared to throw at it. A fleet of several thousand nuclear reactors running 24/7 on this problem would do it. Burial Well, brute force sounds a bit expensive.. so we can try the approach mentioned by Jac...
[ "giant slugs", "new crops", "homes for bats", "land mines" ]
C
a cavern is formed by carbonic acid in groundwater seeping through rock and dissolving limestone
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2429
species-identification Title: What is this (water-loving) bug? For some time we've been finding these little fellows in our apartment: They seem harmless enough, but finding them is a bit... annoying. I found the fellow above in the bathtub, and it's not uncommon to find more than one. Unfortunately, some started to ...
[ "a jungle", "a desert", "a neighborhood", "a swamp" ]
C
grass snakes live in grass
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2430
electricity, electric-circuits, electric-current I was wearing flip flops from the time I stripped off my neoprene wet suit at the car until the time I started getting shocked (my wife was wearing Birkenstocks). I had been snorkeling for about an hour in the Pacific Ocean wearing a full body wet-suit, booties, and gl...
[ "thermograph", "tunnels", "graveyard shift", "sidewalk" ]
A
a thermometer is used to measure temperature
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2431
terminology, meteorology I've tried to illustrate the relationships with insolation and temperature here: There are some other ways too: Ecological. Scientists who study the behaviour of organisms (hibernation, blooming, etc.) adapt to the local climate, sometimes using 6 seasons in temperature zones, or only 2 in p...
[ "Spring", "Fall", "Winter", "Summer" ]
C
seasons cause change to the environment
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2432
electromagnetism, electrostatics, magnetic-fields, polarization, dielectric Example 1. Solenoid of radius $a$ and length $L$ with a electric current $I$ running through it, the interior of the solenoid is partially filled uptil $b<a$ with a material of permeability $\mu$, find $\vec H, B$ in all regions. The first thi...
[ "Ethernet cables", "stove burners", "movie cameras", "air conditioning" ]
A
electrical insulation requires wrapping a conductor in an insulator
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2433
energy, rotational-dynamics, work Title: Work Done on a rotating body Hello so I am having an issue with a question I am trying to solve. The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer. A person wants to dry their clothes for work. They seek out some energy that can be continuously gotten without ...
[ "the water", "the moon", "the leaves", "the sun" ]
D
solar energy is a renewable resource
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2434
• Interesting! I appreciate you taking the time to note this. As I note in the comments on most of the answers, the mutual definition is but one very restricted interpretation of the original problem, and I desire greatly to see solutions for other interpretations. Thank you so much for your time! – Brevan Ellefsen Oct...
[ "vocalizing", "sleeping", "thinking", "waiting" ]
A
sound can be used for communication by animals
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2435
game, objective-c, ai //otherwise if one can be built, build one } else if ([self floorsWithRooms].count > 0) { DTTowerFloor *floor = [[self floorsWithRooms] firstObject]; _moveToPerform = [[DTGameAIJob alloc]initWithFloor:floor.floorNumber AIJobToDo:GamePlayingAIJobTypeRoomUpgrade jobToDo:0 roomTy...
[ "a town", "a jungle", "a desert", "a forest" ]
A
humans building homes in an environment causes that environment to change
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2436
human-biology, evolution Humans are off the charts in the amount of resources we invest in our children - our lives are 1/4 to 1/3 over before we sometimes leave our parents household (in some societies of course they never leave the house, but step into an extended family). This may be one of the reasons we are so s...
[ "rats and roaches", "saunas and pools", "new phone numbers", "cotton clothing" ]
A
humans changing animal habitats usually causes harm to those animals
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2437
astronomy, everyday-life, popular-science, climate-science Title: Why is the summer, in the temperate latitudes, in average, hotter that the spring? It is common knowledge that the transition from the Spring to the Summer season occurs in the Summer Solstice when the "Sun reaches its highest excursion relative to the ...
[ "a comet is flying close by", "mercury is visible in the sky", "the hemisphere of that region is tilted towards from the sun", "the hemisphere of that region is tilted away from the sun" ]
C
summer is when a hemisphere is tilted towards the sun
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2438
astrophotography if it is 13 billion light years away wouldn't it take 26 billion light years to take those pictures? as if light years are a measure of time. A light year is a measure of distance, the distance light travels in a year in a vacuum. The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer. A...
[ "our globe to circle a heat source", "to heat up a hot pocket", "to take off your shoes", "to wash the dirty dishes" ]
A
a complete revolution of the Earth around the sun takes one Earth year
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2439
palaeontology, herpetology Title: How big can cold-blooded animals get? It seems impossible to have reptiles the size of dinosaurs, just because they are really big! Did they have different systems of maintaining body temperature or maybe they weren't the exact type of animals that we today call reptiles? Answer is q...
[ "beads", "tea", "presents", "kidneys" ]
D
an animal requires warmth for survival
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2440
java, reinventing-the-wheel, console, unix With clothes the new are best, with friends the old are best. He is truly wise who gains wisdom from another's mishap. Beware of a dark-haired man with a loud tie. Today is the last day of your life so far. Flee at once, all is discovered. Man who falls in vat of molten optic...
[ "place plastics in special containers", "leave plastic on the roadside", "burn plastics in their yard", "throw away plastic containers" ]
A
recycling resources has a positive impact on the conservation of those resources
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2441
mechanical-engineering, structural-engineering, control-engineering For example, if I wanted to setup such a facility, who would I have to consult? You either find a consulting engineering firm with a lot of experience in designing and planning (and building!) such a plant. Or you find anexperienced hydroponics exper...
[ "dirt", "pesticides", "pay", "beans" ]
A
soil is a renewable resource for growing plants
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2442
atmosphere, ocean, hydrology, climate-change Comment: I strongly endorse the use of wind and hydropower as sources of energy over the further use of fossil fuels. However, I still think it is important to do research into the actual renewability of presumed-renewable energy sources, as we don't want to end up with ano...
[ "fossil fuels", "windmills", "coal mining", "fracking" ]
B
wind is a renewable resource
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2443
organic-chemistry, everyday-chemistry, experimental-chemistry, biochemistry, food-chemistry Title: How Bread is made with yeast, sugar and luke warm milk? Materials and Apparatus: wheat flour sugar dry yeast glass bowl covering plate milk Procedure: Lukewarm milk is taken in the glass bowl and sugar is added to it....
[ "carpet", "power plant", "television", "satellite" ]
B
a toaster converts electrical energy into heat energy for toasting
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2444
terminology, seasons, amazon Title: Are "rainy season" and "less rainy season" good ways to describe Amazon seasons in English scientific language? I'm a Brazilian native. Here, the English translation to the most didactic way to express the Amazon seasons are: "rainy season", and "less rainy season", because it alway...
[ "fall", "spring", "winter", "summer" ]
B
a new season occurs four times per year
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2445
Suppose A and B are statements of interest. Suppose we want to say in a short sentence that “whenever A is true, B is true, and that when A is false, we do not claim anything about the truth of B”. We use the word “implies” and state for short that “A is true implies B is true”, and mean the truth relations in the trut...
[ "the moon is a source of light with powerful nuclear reactions", "the sun is a source of evil with powerful nuclear reactions", "the sun is a source of light with weak, low-temperature reactions", "the sun is a source of light with powerful nuclear reactions" ]
D
a star is a source of light through nuclear reactions
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2446
zoology, behaviour, mammals, rodents Title: Why do Guinea Pigs chirp / sing? Ok, so this appears to be quite a mystery. Me and my girlfriend have 2 Guinea Pigs, 1 male and 1 female. My girlfriend once picked up the female one and took her outside into our garden. The Guinea got scared for some unknown reason and jump...
[ "foxes enjoy rodent dinners", "foxes are very small", "squirrels eat mostly beans", "mice are able to fly" ]
A
predators eat prey
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2447
zoology, marine-biology Title: Why do stranded marine mammals die so quickly? Mammals have lungs, so do marine mammals. Nevertheless some marine mammals seem to die rather quickly when they strand on a beach. As they have lungs and can breath while on land, why do they die so quickly? Not being in water only restricts...
[ "in a habitat with only insects who live in tight spaces", "in a habitat with lots of fruits and nuts", "in a habitat where it is fed and cared for", "in a habitat with plentiful insects" ]
A
the ability to acquire resources has a positive impact on an organism 's survival
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2448
food, decomposition Title: Worm compost cannot have cooked food I live in the Netherlands and it is getting fashionable to compost with worms. After investigating a few websites I noticed that most websites suggested that I cannot feed the worms leftovers from citrus fruits. This seems logical. I then started noticing...
[ "bees in skies", "vitamins in dirt", "trees in fields", "snakes on planes" ]
B
decomposition increases the amount of nutrients in the soil
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2449
genetics, gene-expression, human-genetics, mitochondria, gene Title: Father with mutated mtDNA- why isn't his offspring at risk? Mothers transmit their mitochondria (and therefore mtDNA) to their offspring and fathers don't. Lets assume that father had a mutation of the gene that encodes mtDNA, would then be his offsp...
[ "beads", "freckles", "frowns", "dirt" ]
B
DNA is a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2450
# Thread: physics tourist & bear problem 1. ## physics tourist & bear problem another easy one i think: A tourist being chased by an angry bear is running in a straight line toward his car at a speed of 3.5 m/s. The car is a distance d away. The bear is 27 m behind the tourist and running at 6.0 m/s. The tourist rea...
[ "better able to fly", "more likely to starve", "better suited to survive", "more likely to hurt" ]
C
fat is used to keep animals warm
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2451
visible-light, atmospheric-science, sun Title: Why is there less UV light on earth in winter? So I have often read that, at least in e.g. northern Europe, in the colder seasons, there is not enough UV (-B) light arriving from the sun, so many people have not enough vitamin-D from that. At first I thought it was simply...
[ "during a solar eclipse", "spring season has begun", "a hurricane is approaching", "in late September north of the equator or late March south of the equator" ]
D
when the seasons change from the summer to the fall , the amount of daylight will decrease
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2452
materials The image is a modified version of an image found at www.geology.um.maine.edu. Original credit: Passchier and Trouw, pg 33 (2005). The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer. A rock quarry can contain in its rocks
[ "sunflowers", "foil material", "candles", "broken toys" ]
B
rocks sometimes contain aluminum
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2453
fluid-dynamics, conservation-laws, continuum-mechanics So -- when you can, pick conservation form because then you only need to numerically-hack your problem for a few terms instead of all of them. The fewer places you can add non-physical things, the better the end result will be! The following is multiple choice qu...
[ "smoke stacks", "littering", "shorter showers", "car travel" ]
C
An example of conservation is not using fossil fuel
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2454
climate, seasons, ice-age, axial-obliquity Image originally from The Petroleum System Blog Using that formula, the temperature at the poles (reduced to sea level) would be -16.8 °C (from the figure actual data points it can be seen that in real life the south pole is much colder than the north pole). Now, the previous...
[ "facing the sun", "distant from sun", "nearest the sun", "bathing in sun" ]
B
winter is when a hemisphere is tilted away from the sun
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2455
audio, modulation, frequency-modulation, fsk well, "best" is always a reduction to a single set of optimization parameters (e.g. cost per bit, durability, ...) and isn't ever "universally true". I can see, for example, that "large" is already a relative term, and for a small office, the optimum solution for backing up...
[ "bringing his camera", "bringing his son", "bringing a drink", "bringing a chair" ]
A
a camera is used for recording images
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2456
temperature, sun, light, equator, insolation Title: Why does the intensity of sunlight depend on your latitude? People at the equator get to bask in more sunlight than Santa Clause and other inhabitants of the arctic regions. Not quite as pronounced, but they get more than me too. Why is the sunlight more intense clos...
[ "England", "Morocco", "Sweden", "Norway" ]
B
a desert environment usually has a lot of sunlight
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2457
quantum-mechanics, optics, photons, quantum-optics, thought-experiment Update So in searching a reliable way to make the estimation, I found this discussion where different approaches are given. I think this is better than any estimation I can sketch at this point. As for the feasibility of all this, I think the clo...
[ "a desert landscape", "a forest landscape", "an arctic landscape", "a rural landscape" ]
C
snow falls during the winter in the arctic environment
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2458
rocks, remote-sensing, archaeology, ground-truth Together, #1, #2, and #3 tell us that it's probably early summer just after the river ice has broken up. The tooth-like features in the left image are simply erosional remnants sticking out of the riverbank. They could be bedrock (not likely), ice wedges, unmelted perm...
[ "lying on the beach", "under layers of dirt", "on the surface of the moon", "buried in a graveyard" ]
B
An example of a fossil is a footprint in a rock
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2459
zoology, mathematical-models, software, imaging Title: What would it take to recognize a deer by its photo? I am trying to recognize a deer by its antlers or any other means. Elaborating: I was hoping to use their antlers to recognize them but I have heard that most deers shed their antlers every year so it would be ...
[ "building office buildings", "pollution", "transporting seeds", "hunting bears" ]
C
if seeds stick to the fur of an animal then that seed will be transported by the animal
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2460
reproduction, human-genetics, human-genome I missed the "as a species" part of your question. Inbreeding will only likely have an effect within small, closed populations, though it will continue to have a lasting effect even as those populations grow and open up. Two textbook examples are French Canadians and Ashkenaz...
[ "fifteen", "ten", "to nothing", "eighty" ]
C
if a population decreases to zero then that organism is extinct
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2461
classical-mechanics, work, everyday-life, biophysics Edit-2: Reactions to some more comments and replies, added some emphasis to provide structure to wall of text C) No, I am not arguing that descending is subjectively less exhausting, I am asking why it is less exhausting when the mechanics seem to indicate it should...
[ "Venus", "the Sun", "a dog", "100lb weight" ]
B
as the mass of an object increases , the force required to push that object will increase
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2462
combustion Title: Why are fires smokey? Combustion, in chemical terms, is a reaction with a certain molecule and oxygen, and it produces, energy, $\ce{CO2}$, and $\ce{H2O}$ (That's how I learned it at least). So what makes a fire'smokey'? I had always thought that smoke was simply $\ce{CO2}$, but read that it was actu...
[ "raining skies", "wetter air", "higher temps", "faster birds" ]
C
high temperatures can cause an object to combust
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2463
human-anatomy Taken from here such people would be able to dislocate then get their hands in front and relocate. The body can be trained to be quite flexible through training like gymnastics etc... The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer. A person wanting to relocate a boulder with their bo...
[ "song", "exertion", "love", "thought" ]
B
pushing an object requires force
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2464
zoology, ichthyology, marine-biology Switek goes on to to talk about exceptions in some marine mammals: At this point some of you might raise the point that living pinnipeds like seals and sea lions move in a side-to-side motion underwater. That may be true on a superficial level, but pinnipeds primarily use their mo...
[ "hunt squirrel", "retrieve eggs", "birth young", "kill birds" ]
C
An example of a reproductive behavior is salmon returning to their birthplace to lay their eggs
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2465
python def listen(): global loop_int, last_track threading.Timer(loop_int, listen).start() if it.player_state() == k.playing: # check to see if track was restarted if it.player_position() < getSec(it.current_track.time())/2 and last_track == it.current_track.persistent_ID(): se...
[ "pressing a button", "singing to it", "making a face", "crossing their fingers" ]
A
pushing a button sometimes completes a circuit
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2466
adaptation Title: How do longleaf pine trees adapt to the florida keys rainforest? I know that longleaf pine trees can be found in rainforests, but I can't find anything. This is sort of a too broad question but here are a few ideas. The second most fragile part of plants are the leaves. In the latitudes and elevati...
[ "shoot up in height", "learn to drink saltwater", "grow so much stronger", "show thinner age markings" ]
D
as the amount of available water decreases , tree-growth rings will become narrower
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2467
electric-circuits, home-experiment Title: Why does this circuit work and the other doesn't? if we connect the set up like this the bulb glows but if we connect the [right wire] to the [earth of the left] then the bulb [doesn't glow]. Why does that happen? if we connect the set up like this the bulb glows If the pin...
[ "be shredded", "feel toasty", "be wooden", "be icy" ]
B
electrical current running through a wire causes that wire to heat up
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2468
newtonian-mechanics, forces, free-body-diagram Title: How can I actually push heavier objects? I've been thinking about Newton's third law lately because I couldn't understand a few things and I think I actually answered my own question. Could someone confirm if my reasoning is right or show me my mistakes? So the qu...
[ "rivers", "rainfall", "photosynthesis", "sunlight" ]
A
flowing liquid can push objects
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2469
meteorology, geophysics, tropical-cyclone Title: What is the largest hurricane possible? With Earth getting hotter and hurricanes also getting larger I wonder; Is there a limit on how big a hurricane can physically get? I am going to take an educated guess here because it is not possible(AFAIK) to accurately predict ...
[ "water color", "liquid amounts", "water smell", "fluid uiclarity" ]
B
an ocean is a source of heat and moisture for a hurricane
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2470
ecology, behaviour, sociality, predation, community-ecology Title: How selective are wolves about the size of their prey? For an animal that lives and hunts socially like a wolf, is there a lower threshold to the size of prey items they will hunt? A pack wouldn't have much trouble with catching say a rabbit, but would...
[ "rabbit", "chameleon", "cat", "spider" ]
B
camouflage can be used for hunting for food
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2471
evolution, ornithology, palaeontology One thing those many, many bird and proto-bird fossils also made clear is that the traits of modern birds (feathers, wings, toothless beaks, etc) didn't evolve in a simple line from non-bird to bird. Many of those traits evolved convergently in several lineages, were lost in some,...
[ "skinny beats are best for sucking blood, fat beaks eat only eggs", "skinny beaks work in only large spaces, fat beaks can only fit in narrow spaces", "skinny beaks work to reach small spaces, fat beaks crack nuts", "skinny beaks work to filet fish, fat beaks are useless" ]
C
a skinny beak is used for obtaining food by a bird from small spaces
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2472
electromagnetism Title: Region of most and least intense magnetic field It's a unmagnetized iron screw placed in the north pole of a U shaped magnet. I believe the region of least intense magnetic field is at the far left of the board. From what I understand the screw becomes magnetized and it's south pole is where i...
[ "a wooden beam", "a titanium beam", "a plastic beam", "a cotton beam" ]
B
if a magnet is attracted to a metal then that magnet will stick to that metal
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2473
ornithology Title: How do birds learn their tunes in isolation from their own species? I wonder what a bird would sing if it didn't have its parents around (or any other birds for that matter) to learn its chirping sounds from. I'm interested in how a bird would sing... in complete isolation from creatures communicat...
[ "dance to attract predators", "hide seeds from other birds by burying them", "hide seeds in hollow trees to eat during the winter", "cause the spread of plants by pooping hard objects found in fruit" ]
D
birds are a vehicle for spreading the seeds of a plant
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2474
homework-and-exercises, kinematics In order to conclude that the runner with the shorter time was indeed faster... and am wondering whether this ought to be interpreted as a statistical hypothesis test. If you say that the null hypothesis is "they are going at the same speed, the tracks are different length" and the ...
[ "breaths taken", "water drank", "seconds passed", "people passed" ]
C
seconds are used to measure time
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2475
quantum-mechanics, operators, measurement-problem, eigenvalue, observables If you measure the length of a piece of paper with a ruler for example, you will not obtain a different result when you measure it again. When you now measure a quantum system, you have two types of statistics in there. First, your particle exh...
[ "an ounce of water", "the volume of a room", "a liter of gas", "an old broken phone" ]
D
a ruler is used for measuring the length of an object
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2476
thermodynamics, thermal-radiation Title: Why don't gas flames radiate much heat directly, but metal objects heated by them do? Gas barbeque manufacturers place metal bars, ceramic plates or lava rocks above the gas burner so that they radiate more heat towards the grill. Cooking directly over a single gas flame just w...
[ "a tree branch", "a puddle", "a fish pond", "a vehicle engine" ]
D
a car engine is a source of heat
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2477
blood-circulation Title: Why don't we bleed interstitial fluid? Interstitial fluid is the fluid between cells in tissues - forming the medium between cells and capillaries. From what I gather, the typical human has 5L of blood and 11L of interstitial fluid. This raises an interesting question. If I get cut, why do I n...
[ "a person", "a vision", "a thought process", "long passages" ]
D
the circulatory system transports blood throughout the body
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2478
ecology, population-dynamics, ecosystem, antipredator-adaptation, predation I would also like to talk about other things that might be of interest in your model (two of them need you to allow evolutionary processes in your model): 1) lineage selection: predators that eat too much end up disappearing because they cause...
[ "chickens", "insects", "cats", "birds" ]
B
if the population of an organism increases then the ecosystem may become overpopulated with that organism
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2479
classical-mechanics Surface of the earth Again we work in the non-rotating reference frame. We have again, via the constant density assumption, (and assuming that the mass of stone is 1) that the potential energy is $P = \alpha r^2$. The kinetic energy is $2K = \dot{r}^2 + r^2\dot{\theta}^2 + (r\cos\theta)^2\dot{\phi}...
[ "layer", "sun", "brain", "labyrinth" ]
A
Earth 's surface is made of rock
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2480
ecology, behaviour, sociality, predation, community-ecology Title: How selective are wolves about the size of their prey? For an animal that lives and hunts socially like a wolf, is there a lower threshold to the size of prey items they will hunt? A pack wouldn't have much trouble with catching say a rabbit, but would...
[ "sitting on the dirt", "on a sand dune", "on a grass lawn", "on a hill covered in deep, white, cold stuff" ]
D
An example of camouflage is when something changes color in order to have the same color as its environment
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2481
navigation, mapping, turtlebot Originally posted by tfoote with karma: 58457 on 2017-10-09 This answer was ACCEPTED on the original site Post score: 1 Original comments Comment by Baumboon on 2017-10-11: Okay , then i need to improve the navigation stack and optimize it. Thank u for your help. The following is multi...
[ "shoveling a sidewalk", "clearing a tree", "conducting a car", "riding a bike" ]
C
An example of navigation is directing a boat
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2482
ecology, behaviour, sociality, predation, community-ecology Title: How selective are wolves about the size of their prey? For an animal that lives and hunts socially like a wolf, is there a lower threshold to the size of prey items they will hunt? A pack wouldn't have much trouble with catching say a rabbit, but would...
[ "tail", "eyebrow", "eyelash", "snout" ]
D
smell is used for finding food by some animals
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2483
• $P_2$ will fly $\big[1-(d+r+y)\big]$ distance away from the airport in the counter-clockwise direction to meet up with $P_3$. • At this point, $P_2$ will donate $z$ fuel to $P_3$. • $P_2$ and $P_3$ will then both fly back $z$ distance, arriving at a distance of $1-d-r-y-z$ from the airport with no fuel. • After refue...
[ "through clouds", "on seas", "across rails", "on tracks" ]
A
a plane travels through the atmosphere
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2484
It just turns out nicely for C that he is one of the people whose hat colors D and C both know about. To introduce a modified challange: if the task were to yell out C's hat color right away, D would know for certain, C would have the increased probability of $2/3$ and A and B would be stuck with the random guess of $...
[ "looking out of a window", "putting the radio on", "looking at a snow storm", "smashing hands together repeatedly" ]
D
friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2485
pain, death Title: Normal death experience Consider a natural cause of death (no car accidents etc) - Is it true that death is generally preceded by suffering? In other words, are we destined to experience the most severe suffering we could not ever imagine, that will ultimately end with death? If this is true, is it ...
[ "a hair still on your head", "a rabbit hopping along", "a fallen palm leaf", "a human jogging down a track" ]
C
if a leaf falls off of a tree then that leaf is dead
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2486
botany, plant-physiology, plant-anatomy It made me wonder if we are simulating the sun in a dark room for growing the plants with the help of red, blue, and a little bit of far-red light, what will happen to the plants if we keep the ideal conditions for which the plants carry out photosynthesis whole day? Does it aff...
[ "a rock", "a cat", "a bamboo stalk", "a bird" ]
C
a plant requires sunlight to grow
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2487
terminology, meteorology I've tried to illustrate the relationships with insolation and temperature here: There are some other ways too: Ecological. Scientists who study the behaviour of organisms (hibernation, blooming, etc.) adapt to the local climate, sometimes using 6 seasons in temperature zones, or only 2 in p...
[ "the globe's size", "the world's view", "the earth's consideration", "the globe's turning" ]
D
winter in the Northern Hemisphere is during the summer in the Southern Hemisphere
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2488
thermodynamics, optics, temperature, air Title: Vibrating hot air around heater The other day I was in a restaurant and I saw one of those patio heaters that looks like lamps turned on. The air around it appeared to be vibrating. Why does this happen from the optics point of view? (couldn't find a good picture of this...
[ "it will fall", "it will remain", "it will ascend", "it will die" ]
C
if gas is heated then that gas will rise
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2489
proteins, muscles, amino-acids, protein-binding It is possible for people on unusual protein diets, either because they are avoiding animal products or using incomplete protein supplements, to develop a particular amino acid deficiency. Otherwise, as long as all amino acids are supplied, there is no difference on heal...
[ "breathing", "weighted dips", "sleeping", "eating" ]
B
exercise has a positive impact on a body 's strength
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2490
Kudos [?]: 4 [2] , given: 0 Re: Good set of PS 2 [#permalink]  19 Oct 2009, 08:02 2 KUDOS Bunuel wrote: 4. A contractor estimated that his 10-man crew could complete the construction in 110 days if there was no rain. (Assume the crew does not work on any rainy day and rain is the only factor that can deter the crew f...
[ "drink sparingly", "drink frequently", "drink greedily", "drink liberally" ]
A
conserving water can be used for survival in a dry environment
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2491
geophysics, sedimentology Title: Does dirt compact itself over time? If so, how does this happen? If I were to bury something 10 feet (~3 metres) underground, with loose soil on top, would the ground naturally compact itself over time, until whatever I had buried has dirt tightly pressing against it on all sides? What...
[ "plants thrive", "environments suffer", "mice breed", "bugs hoard" ]
B
erosion of soil has a negative impact on the environment
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2492
material-science, elasticity, continuum-mechanics, stress-strain In short, once you properly glue the bottom of the cube to the floor, you can expect something more similar to what visible here rather than in the picture above. It is just funny that sketches like the one above are so widely used to explain shear stre...
[ "if soil is piled up", "if there is more soil", "if soil has been altered", "if soil has been added" ]
C
soil loss causes grooves in soil
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2493
particle-physics Title: Explanation for self-rupture glass is needed I witnessed a phenomenon that I couldn't conclude its cause. Please bear with me for the length of the recall, for I merely want to include any details that might help us to investigate. I had a cooking glass lid sat on a wooden shelf that is away ...
[ "snagged", "seared", "removed", "frozen" ]
B
if a body part was burned then that body part was exposed to a lot of heat energy
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2494
thermodynamics, everyday-chemistry, water, heat, vapor-pressure in unknown amounts. The gauge pressure is given as $p_\mathrm e = 0.8\ \mathrm{bar}$; i.e. the absolute pressure is approximately $p = 1.8\ \mathrm{bar}$. We may use so-called steam tables to look up the properties of water at the given pressure (in the f...
[ "making the liquid condense outdoors", "remembering how big steam clouds are", "burning the hot steam", "collecting the condensed liquid" ]
D
Matter in the liquid phase has definite volume
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2495
analytical-chemistry, solutions, extraction To tschoppi (since I don't have enough reputation to comment) : I haven't tried with another kind of foam, but it's a good idea (to see at which step the problem lies). I'll see what we have in the lab. I am also pretty sure the foam I used isn't contaminated, because it was...
[ "making compost", "hoarding trash", "eating fruit", "burning liquid petroleum" ]
D
burning oil is a source of pollution
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2496
biochemistry, botany, plant-physiology, photosynthesis, agriculture The above image is an example of a "potato battery" made without the potato. Identical setup and the energy obtained is identical given everything else the same. Potato power- er, metal power? This experiment is supposed to demonstrate the concept of ...
[ "water", "AAs", "wind", "the sun" ]
B
batteries convert chemical energy to electrical energy
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2497
classical-mechanics, energy, electricity Title: Can we imagine having a computer keyboard that recharges itself through mechanical utilization? Silly question here. I have a debate with my father, and while I am decent at high school level physics, both he and I cannot determinate through calculus which of us is wrong...
[ "liver", "tree", "dog", "iPod" ]
D
electric devices require electrical energy to function
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2498
newtonian-mechanics, newtonian-gravity, statics, stability Title: Why can't a pyramid stay balanced on a vertex? A pyramid, such as a tetrahedron/3-simplex, or any other isohedron, falls from some height and lands on a vertex. It will eventually end up with a face to the ground. Why can't it stay balanced on a vertex?...
[ "her head blew the hat off", "there was uneven heating of the ground", "a squirrel jumped up and grabbed it off of her head", "a spaceship pulled her hat off her head" ]
B
uneven heating of the Earth 's surface cause wind
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2499
zoology, ecology, species-distribution, migration Title: How do animals end up in remote areas? I was thinking specifically about random marshy water holes on farmers fields. It seems that you can visit just about any one of these and you will find frogs if you look hard enough. They usually don't seem to be connected...
[ "lake fronts", "birds", "winter", "spring" ]
C
migration is when animals move to different locations in an annual cycle
OpenBookQA
OpenBookQA-2500
meteorology, climate-change, gas, pollution Title: Regarding various types of atmospheric pollution Does all the car pollution (from about 150 million cars at least in the U.S. and a lot more in all of North America and the rest of the world) all the smoke-stack pollution of various factories and all the Airline pollu...
[ "animals", "rivers", "smoke stacks", "toxicity" ]
C
polluting means something poisonous is added to an environment causing harm to the environment