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RAG Datasets 37

Describe the genetic determinants of common epilepsies

Genetic determinants of common epilepsies are defined as the interaction of mutations in one of two unlinked genes, SCN1 and SCN2, which code for the proteins hamartin and epilepticin, respectively. Disruption of these genes has been found to be associated with epileptic encephalopathies, but it is not entirely clear if this translates directly to the increased risk for epilepsy or via epigenetic changes.

[25087078]

Should nerinetide be used for treatment of ischaemic stroke?

Nerinetide did not improve the proportion of ischemic stroke patients achieving good clinical outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy compared with patients receiving placebo.

[32087818, 33148815]

What is the role of alcohol acyl transferases in fruit aroma?

Volatile esters, a major class of compounds contributing to the aroma of many fruit, are synthesized by alcohol acyl-transferases (AAT). The expression of all Cm-AAT genes is up-regulated during ripening and inhibited in antisense ACC oxidase melons and in fruit treated with the ethylene antagonist 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), indicating a positive regulation by ethylene.

[16247561, 11985619, 24661745]

What is Hikikomori syndrome?

The 'Hikikomori' syndrome (HS) consists of prolonged and severe social withdrawal.

[29440704, 29369656, 24056835, 32631267, 29615267, 21706238, 26973544, 32913802, 31542731, 25836972, 31305235, 20531124, 24869848, 32985914, 29188542]

Which gene is primarily associated with the Saethre-Chotzen syndrome?

Saethre-Chotzen syndrome is a craniosynostosis syndrome that is rarely diagnosed prenatally . It is caused by cytogenetic deletions or mutations of the TWIST1 gene . Of the 37 patients with classic features of the syndrome, the overall detection rate for TWIST mutations was 68% . Increased risk for developmental delay is associated with TWIST deletions .

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List 4 targeted synthetic DMARDs that are JAK inhibitors.

Targeted synthetic (ts) DMARDs that are Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors include tofacitinib, baricitinib, filgotinib, upadacitinib.

[31969328]

Which microRNAs are involved in targeting CYLD in triple negative breast cancer?

Mir-182 and miR-301b are involved in targeting CYLD in triple negative breast cancer.

[27476169, 30269739]

Which drugs were tested in the candor trial?

CANDOR trial investigated carfilzomib, dexamethasone, and daratumumab for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.

[32682484, 32376237]

Which are the parts of a flaggelum?

The bacterial flagellum is a supramolecular motility machine consisting of the basal body, the hook, and the filament. The axial structure of the flagellum consists of the rod, hook, junction, filament, and cap.

[31172377, 31940802, 33252734]

Why are male calico cats rare?

The tortoiseshell coat color is characteristic to female cats, and its occurrence in tomcats is very rare and associated with the presence of an additional copy of X chromosome.

[1163864, 32574385, 13776765]

Which master regulator drives liver development?

Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)4α regulates fetal liver development.

[25263553, 23607685, 25043045, 18462375, 29332143, 20657840, 27709008, 30191603, 29234104]

Are there small molecule CGRPs under development for the treatment of migraine?

Yes, there are several small molecule CGRPs under development for the treatment of migraine.

[28644160]

Which subcortical brain structure is influenced the most by common genetic variants?

The highly complex structure of the human brain is strongly shaped by genetic influences. Subcortical brain regions form circuits with cortical areas to coordinate movement, learning, memory and motivation, and altered circuits can lead to abnormal behaviour and disease. Five novel genetic variants influencing the volumes of the putamen and caudate nucleus were identified. These variants show specific volumetric effects on brain structures rather than global effects across structures. The strongest effects were found for the putamen, where a novel intergenic locus with replicable influence on volume (rs945270; P = 1.08 × 10(-33); 0.52% variance explained) showed evidence of altering the expression of the KTN1 gene in both brain and blood tissue.

[25607358]

Givosiran is used for treatment of which disease?

Givosiran is approved for treatment of porphyria.

[32034693, 30726693, 33139979, 32521132, 33043761, 32592692, 31792921, 30847674, 31994716, 33275677]

List mediators that are released from mast cells?

tryptase histamine heparin proteoglycan chymase cytokines 2,3-dinor-11β-PGF2α leukotriene (LT)E4

[31709696, 31722348, 18039527]

What is Exencephaly?

Exencephaly is a type of cephalic disorder wherein the brain is located outside of the skull

[7651715, 15517958, 2303880, 24902834, 3890003, 1746228, 18078364, 3054653]

What is the role of TNF in obesity?

The role of TNF in obesity is not fully understood, but it is thought to play a major role in adipose tissue formation and fat storage. TNF-alpha is a protein that has been shown to increase fat storage in fat cells. It is also thought to have a role in insulin resistance.

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Is eptinezumab a small molecule?

No, eptinezumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody.

[32266704]

Describe the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain.

[26747746, 33044802, 29764998, 28617224, 29218892, 32470572, 28426957, 32501580, 31471575, 32198361, 24399358, 29960671]

Inhaled Molgramostim can be used for treatment of which disease?

Inhaled Molgramostim was shown to be effective for Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis.

[29719809, 32897035]

Which are the main functions of the annexin family?

Annexins are required for membrane organization and membrane transport events required for the establishment/maintenance of epithelial polarity. An association of annexins with ion channels, as membrane-guiding auxiliary proteins or modulators of channel activity. Last but not least, some annexins seem to work as extracellular autocrine modulators of receptor function under different physiological conditions.

[21131363, 15590064, 28440436, 16210453, 29408340, 27318360]

Please list the 2 vaccines for herpes zoster(shingles)

live attenuated zoster vaccine (Zostavax®) and live attenuates herpes zoster (Shingles) are effective for treatment of infections with herpesZoster(shingles).

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What is a likely origin of intronless genes?

More than half of SEGs identified in most of the species have at least one ortholog multiple exon gene in the same genome, which provides insight to their possible origin by retrotransposition

[16469316, 15325254, 13677319, 26415210, 21620332, 22732409, 24820954, 21860604, 10843807]

Which company developed ivosidenib?

Ivosidenib has been developed by Agios Pharmaceuticals.

[31660152]

Is the apilimod inhibitor effective against SARS-CoV-2?

To identify therapeutics that can be repurposed as SARS-CoV-2 antivirals, a library of known drugs encompassing approximately 12,000 clinical-stage or FDA-approved small molecules were profiled. In a study the identification of 30 known drugs that inhibit viral replication was reportedd. Of these, six were characterized for cellular dose-activity relationships, and showed effective concentrations likely to be commensurate with therapeutic doses in patients. These include the PIKfyve kinase inhibitor Apilimod, cysteine protease inhibitors MDL-28170, Z LVG CHN2, VBY-825, and ONO 5334, and the CCR1 antagonist MLN-3897. Since many of these molecules have advanced into the clinic, the known pharmacological and human safety profiles of these compounds will accelerate their preclinical and clinical evaluation for COVID-19 treatment.

[32511357]

Is Lanabecestat effective for Alzheimer's disease?

No. Treatment with lanabecestat was well tolerated and did not slow cognitive or functional decline of Alzheimer's disease patients.

[33049114, 31764959]

How is the STING protein activated?

During DNA virus infections, detection of cytosolic DNA by the cGAS-STING pathway leads to activation of IFN-β.

[31991682, 31928996, 31980485, 31896590, 31820985]

Explain the use of Radio Frequency Ablation as a treatment

Radio-frequency ablation (RFA) is a promising minimal-invasive treatment option for treatment of, cancer, pain, tissue hyperplasia and cardiac arrhythmias cancer, triggering tissue necrosis and results in reduced tumor volumes.

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What does "28" stand for in the Disease Activity Score DAS28?

It stands for the Disease Activity Score 28 Joint Index (DAS28). It’s basically a measure of how active a patient is in regards to how active they are in relation to the DAS28. The 28 joint DAS (28 joints) is a way to measure how active the patient is compared to other people with the same disease.

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What is EPICCURE?

EPICCURE is an ongoing randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety of AZD8601 in patients with moderately decreased left ventricular function (ejection fraction 30%-50%) undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery. EPICCURE combines high-efficiency delivery with quantitative targeting and follow-up for robust assessment of the safety and exploratory efficacy of VEGF-A mRNA angiogenesis (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03370887).

[32728595]

List updates for JASPAR 2020

JASPAR (http://jaspar.genereg.net) is an open-access database of curated, non-redundant transcription factor (TF)-binding profiles stored as position frequency matrices (PFMs) for TFs across multiple species in six taxonomic groups. In this 8th release of JASPAR, the CORE collection has been expanded with 245 new PFMs (169 for vertebrates, 42 for plants, 17 for nematodes, 10 for insects, and 7 for fungi), and 156 PFMs were updated (125 for vertebrates, 28 for plants and 3 for insects). This collection has a dedicated web form to engage the community in the curation of unvalidated TF-binding profiles.

[31701148]

Was golimumab tested for diabetes?

Yes, among children and young adults with newly diagnosed overt type 1 diabetes, golimumab resulted in better endogenous insulin production and less exogenous insulin use than placebo.

[33207093]

Is G3BP1 found in stress granules?

Yes, RAS GTPase-activating protein-binding protein (G3BP1) is an RNA-binding protein that is essential for assembling stress granules.

[31704836, 31956030, 29463567]

What is Progeria?

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a segmental premature aging disease causing patient death by early teenage years from cardiovascular dysfunction.

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Describe CrossICC

CrossICC is an R package designed for the unsupervised clustering of gene expression data from multiple datasets/platforms without the requirement of batch effect adjustment. CrossICC utilizes an iterative strategy to derive the optimal gene signature and cluster numbers from a consensus similarity matrix generated by consensus clustering.

[32978617]

Which receptor is blocked by Finerenone?

Finerenone is a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.

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Is colistin an antibiotic?

Yes, colistin is an antibiotic.

[33057672, 30088449, 30892111]

Is Tocilizumab (Actemra) used to block/antagonize the IL-6 receptor?

yes, tocilizumab (actemra) is used to block/antagonize the il-6 receptor.

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Is the process of DNA loop-extrusion independent of ATP?

The process of DNA loop-extrusion is not independent of ATP. It is dependent on the energy of ATP hydrolysis.

[29754816, 27224481, 30100265, 27210764, 29079757, 29140466, 31780627, 29706548, 16292342, 29300120, 31753851, 29472443]

What is the effect of carbamazepine on CYP3A4?

Carbamazepine is an inducer of CYP3A4.

[31650711]

Is there an upper limit on the functional fraction of the human genome?

Mutational load considerations lead to the conclusion that the functional fraction within the human genome cannot exceed 25%, and is probably considerably lower.

[28854598]

What is Couvelaire Uterus?

Couvelaire uterus is hematic infiltration uterine myometrium due to the formation of a massive hematoma. It is charecterised by dark purple patches with ecchymosis and indurations.

[28290978, 29233830, 9313351, 9788648, 15559411, 25102676]

What protein is Otof gene encoding?

The OTOF gene encodes otoferlin, a critical protein at the synapse of auditory sensory cells, the inner hair cells (IHCs)

[32476384, 33256196, 32106631, 30509897, 31875531, 32265471]

What is hypercapnia?

Hypercapnia is also known as High CO2 retention.

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What is TSA-Seq used for?

TSA-Seq provides a "cytological ruler" for estimating mean chromosomal distances from nuclear speckles genome-wide and for predicting several Mbp chromosome trajectories between nuclear compartments without sophisticated computational modeling.

[30154186]

Does the HercepTest use a polycloncal or monoclonal antibody?

The HercepTest uses a polyclonal antibody.

[22827758]

Describe participants' experiences from the 100,000 genomes project

Interviewees' decisions to participate in 100 kG P were based on interpersonal and institutional trust in the NHS, and on an investment in improving care for the future. Interviewees relied upon receiving good ongoing NHS care for managing their own or their child's rare disease, but they worried about what their relationships with NHS healthcare professionals would be like in future. A few participants worried about whether Genomics England's biorepository would remain protected and an asset of the NHS.

[30503854]

What is the role of elagolix in treatment of uterine fibroids?

Elagolix is approved for the treatment of moderate to severe pain caused by endometriosis. Elagolix is also effective for heavy bleeding caused by uterine fibroids.

[30194661, 31650182, 30570832, 30774352, 29476499, 33045114, 28579415, 31695514, 32702363, 31971678]

Where is the organ of Corti located?

The cochlea, a coiled structure located in the ventral region of the inner ear, acts as the primary structure for the perception of sound. Along the length of the cochlear spiral is the organ of Corti, a highly derived and rigorously patterned sensory epithelium that acts to convert auditory stimuli into neural impulses.

[32393641, 32571852, 31939628, 32154838, 32579963]

What eye disease(s) are associated with ocular toxoplasmosis?

Retinochoroiditis is the most frequent manifestation of congenital toxoplasmosis Infectious uveitis accounted for 37% of posterior uveitis cases of which toxoplasmosis was the most common cause. Toxoplasmosis was the most common cause of posterior uveitis (60%)

[30332547, 25127047, 31429610, 31589483, 33060522, 32068467, 17596951, 15906073]

Which eukaryote genomes contain operons?

Genes in nematode and ascidian genomes frequently occur in operons such genes comprise 15-20% of the coding genome for Caenorhabditis elegans and Ciona intestinalis We find that birth-death models of operon evolution reasonably describe the relative abundance of operons of different sizes in the C. elegans and Ciona genomes and generate predictions about the number of monocistronic, nonoperon genes that likely participate in the birth-death process

[12949121, 18218978, 20382830, 19740764, 24931407, 24429814, 12075352, 17174523, 19712444, 23668349]

What has capmatinib received FDA approval for in 2020?

In May 2020, oral capmatinib received its first global approval in the USA for the treatment of adults with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumours have a mutation that leads to MET exon 14 skipping, as detected by an FDA-approved test.

[32557339]

Is SLIC-CAGE used for quantification of translation?

No. Cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) is a method used for single-nucleotide resolution detection of RNA polymerase II transcription start sites (TSSs). Accurate detection of TSSs enhances identification and discovery of core promoters. In addition, active enhancers can be detected through signatures of bidirectional transcription initiation. Described here is a protocol for performing super-low input carrier-CAGE (SLIC-CAGE). The SLIC adaptation of the CAGE protocol minimizes RNA losses by artificially increasing the RNA amount through use of an in vitro transcribed RNA carrier mix that is added to the sample of interest, thus enabling library preparation from nanogram-amounts of total RNA (i.e., thousands of cells).

[30404778, 31305534]

Does hypofractionated radiotherapy offers any benefit for DIPG?

No. Hypofractionated radiotherapy does not offers benefit when compared to conventional fractionated radiation therapy for DIPG.

[33080729, 31728883, 21327862, 24560760, 31785177]

What is the function of the stard10 protein?

STARD10, a member of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)-related lipid transfer (START) protein family, is highly expressed in the liver and has been shown to transfer phosphatidylcholine.

[15911624, 15976441, 23200860]

Is progeria caused by an autosomal recessive gene?

Yes. Progeria is caused by an autosomal recessive gene.

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What is the target of adalimumab?

adalimumab is an anti-tumour necrosis factor (tf)-α antibody.

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Which gene is implicated in the metabolism of codeine, and its polymorphisms in the mother can pose a risk to breastfeeding children?

Mothers with a CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer phenotype may expose their infants to risk of adverse events when taking codeine while breastfeeding, by producing more of the active metabolite, morphine.

[28696420]

Describe the role of epidermal CYLD inactivation in sebaceous and basaloid skin tumors

Epidermal CYLD inactivation sensitizes mice to the development of sebaceous and basaloid skin tumors. Epidermal cyld inactivation also inhibits the growth of epidermal cell lines, leading to development of skin tumors in the early phase of the disease.

[27478875]

Describe the mechanism of action of Lisocabtagene maraleucel.

Lisocabtagene maraleucel is an autologous, CD19-directed, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell product.

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What is the cause of the Kleefstra syndrome?

Mutations in the Euchromatic Histone Methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1) gene cause Kleefstra syndrome, a rare form of intellectual disability (ID) with strong autistic traits and sensory processing deficits.

[32975655, 31750954, 32539280, 30585561, 32531423]

Is acupotomy used to treat muscle stiffness?

Yes. Acupotomy has been widely used to treat nerve entrapment syndrome. URL_0

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Which is the role of mediator in genome organization?

Mediator binds to boundaries of chromosomal interaction domains and to proteins involved in DNA looping, RNA metabolism, chromatin remodeling, and actin assembly.

[29209056, 26240385, 24824069, 27773677, 28575439, 27742736, 24998386, 33176147, 31209209, 31211995, 29157917]

Which two antibodies directed towards the CGRP ligand, were approved by the FDA in September 2018.

Two antibodies, fremanezumab and galcanezumab, directed towards the CGRP ligand, were approved by the FDA in September 2018.

[30550780]

Describe LowMACA

LowMACA (Low frequency Mutations Analysis via Consensus Alignment) is a method that combines the mutations of various proteins sharing the same functional domains to identify conserved residues that harbor clustered mutations in multiple sequence alignments. LowMACA is designed to visualize and statistically assess potential driver mutations through the identification of their mutational hotspots. Low MACA is an R package available at http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/LowMCCC.html.

[26860319]

Is ofatumumab effective for multiple sclerosis?

Ofatumumab, a fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, is effective for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.

[33107072, 30632834, 30604390, 29695594, 33090003, 32757523, 24453078, 30539801, 30985372, 33092190]

List proteins that promotes calcification.

tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) matrix Gla protein (MGP) fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) matrix metalloproteinases

[31768941, 31852220, 30847765]

Please list 3 small molecule CGRP-Receptor antagonists for migraine

Rimegepant and ubrogepant have been developed for acute migraine treatment, while atogepant is studied for migraine prophylaxis.

[28644160, 31932515, 30725283, 31096904, 32020557, 31020659, 19939188, 32173558, 32058712, 32799325]

What are the two types of duplicated genes in the yeast S. cerevisiae?

Yeast genes are duplicated both via the whole genome duplication and via smaller scale duplications. The genome of the budding yeast contains 50% of protein-coding genes that are paralogs, including 457 pairs of duplicated genes coming probably from an ancient whole genome duplication.

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Why is fingolimod considered a prodrug?

FTY720/fingolimod, is considered a prodrug because it requires in vivo phosphorylation to its active phosphorylated form.

[31110049]

Is there a role for Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) in prostate cancer?

Yes. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) expression is increased in double-negative prostate cancer (DNPC) relative to prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-expressing Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

[26913608, 18687985, 17245340, 33015525]

What is Hemophilic Pseudotumor?

Hemophilic Pseudotumor is a rare complication of hemophilia. It is an encapsulated haematoma in patients with haemophilia which has a tendency to progress and produce clinical symptoms related to its anatomical location. The lesion most frequently occurs in the long bones, pelvis, small bones of the hands and feet, or rarely in the maxillofacial region.

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What is the aim of the TRAP method?

The translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) method is used to obtain obtain translatome data.

[31354448, 32478741, 28648677]

The Shingrix vaccine is used to prevent what disease?

Shingrix is a 4-component vaccine against capsular herpes zoster (4CZV), which has recently been licensed in Europe, Canada and Australia.

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What is the function of HP1a in the nucleus?

Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) is an abundant component of heterochromatin, a highly condensed compartment of the nucleus that comprises a major fraction of complex genomes.

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Has AZD9668 been tested in clinical trials?

Yes, AZD9668 has been tested in clinical trials.

[22458939, 26043724]

Which class of genomic elements was assessed as part of the FANTOM6 project?

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute the majority of transcripts in the mammalian genomes, and yet, their functions remain largely unknown. As part of the FANTOM6 project, the expression of 285 lncRNAs was systematically knocked down in human dermal fibroblasts. Cellular growth, morphological changes, and transcriptomic responses were quantified using Capped Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE).

[33211864, 32718982]

Which molecule is targeted by Camrelizumab?

Camrelizumab is a humanised antibody that targets programmed death-1 (PD-1) ligand.

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What is a foam cell?

Foam cell, a hallmark of atherosclerosis, is prominently derived from monocyte-differentiated macrophage, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through unlimitedly phagocytizing oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Therefore, the inhibition of monocyte adhesion to endothelium and uptake of oxLDL might be a breakthrough point for retarding atherosclerosis.

[31909985, 32012706, 31938053, 31894855, 31945610, 31967154]

What class of drugs frequently has muscle pain and other muscle toxicities such as mysositis and rhabdomyolysis as a side effect?

Muscular complaints are known side-effects of statin therapy, ranging from myalgia to clinically important myositis and rhabdomyolysis.

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Which cytokine molecule activates SMADs?

SMADs are activated by Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta)

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What is the Oncomine Dx Target test?

The Oncomine Dx Target Test (ODxTT) is a next-generation sequencing-based companion diagnostic test, that could facilitate access to multiple biomarker testing using small tissue samples to support therapy decisions for patients with advanced NSCLC.

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What are common variants at 12q14 and 12q24 associated with?

Common variants at 12q14 and 12q24 are associated with hippocampal volume. Aging is associated with reductions in hippocampal volume that are accelerated by Alzheimer's disease and vascular risk factors.

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Which mutation is targeted by Sotorasib?

Sotorasib is a small molecule that selectively and irreversibly targets KRASG12C.

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When is DELE1 exiting the mitochondrion?

Mitochondrial stress stimulates OMA1-dependent cleavage of DELE1 and leads to the accumulation of DELE1 in the cytosol.

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What is a ciliopathy?

A ciliopathy is any genetic disorder that affects the cellular cilia or the cilia anchoring structures, the basal bodies, or ciliary function

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Which histone mark is recognized by HP1?

h3k9me3 is the major histone mark that is recognized by hp1.

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What is AZD8601?

AZD8601 is a modified mRNA encoding vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). Sequential dosing of AZD8601 improves vascularization and tissue oxygenation of the wound bed, leading to accelerated re-epithelialization during the early phase of diabetic wound healing.

[30504800]

List critical regions for 7p22.1 microduplication syndrome

7p22.1 microduplication syndrome is mainly characterized by developmental and speech delay, craniofacial dysmorphism and skeletal abnormalities. The minimal critical region includes two OMIM genes: ACTB and RNF216.

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Which molecules are targeted by Trastuzumab Deruxtecan?

Trastuzumab deruxtecan is a HER2-directed antibody and DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor conjugate being developed for the treatment of HER2-expressing solid tumours, including breast cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer

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What is the function of the HSJ1 proteins?

HSJ1 is a neuronal enriched member of the HSP40/DNAJ co-chaperone family.

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What is the indication for zolmitriptan?

Development of a novel zolmitriptan intracutaneous microneedle system (Qtrypta™) for the acute treatment of migraine

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What percentage of C. elegans genes reside in operons?

Nearly 15% of the ~20,000 C. elegans genes are contained in operons, multigene clusters controlled by a single promoter. Our evidence indicates that the genome contains at least 1,000 operons, 2 8 genes long, that contain about 15% of all C. elegans genes.

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What is the most advanced phase of clinical trial that fingolimod has entered?

Fingolimod has been assessed in phase IV clinical trials.

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What is caused by a gain-of-function mutation in CLCN2?

A gain-of-function mutation in the CLCN2 chloride channel gene causes primary aldosteronism, which is the most common and curable form of arterial hypertension.

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Which treatments were compared in the UNBLOCS trial?

The UNBLOCS trial compared thulium laser transurethral vaporesection of the prostate versus transurethral resection of the prostate for men with lower urinary tract symptoms or urinary retention.

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Which are the ligands of the Roundabout (Robo) receptors?

Roundabouts comprise a family of single-pass transmembrane receptors facilitating this process upon interaction with the soluble extracellular ligand Slit protein family emanating from the midline.

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What is the function of kisspeptin in the brain?

Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide that plays an integral role in the regulation of energy intake and reproduction by acting centrally on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. It is the most potent factor known to induce GnRH release. Kisspeptin preserves mitochondrial function by inducing mitophagy and autophagy in aging rat brain hippocampus

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Is Nanog repressed in pluripotent stem cells?

The homeobox gene Nanog is a key intrinsic determinant of self renewal in embryonic stem (ES) cells, and its repression leads ES cells to selectively differentiate into primitive endoderm.

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What is the mode of administration of Ubrogepant?

Ubrogepant (MK-1602) is administered orally.

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