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mini-platypus-scienceqa-two

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### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? ice crystals forming on a window water freezing into ice A: Both are caused by cooling. B: Both are caused by heating. C: Both are chemical changes. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. Ice crystals forming on a window is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Water vapor in the air can change directly into ice when it touches a very cold window! A change of state from a gas to a solid is called depositing. Water freezing into ice is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The water changes from solid to liquid. But the ice is still made of the same type of matter as the liquid water. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Both changes are caused by cooling.

### Instruction: Which text uses the word can in its traditional sense? A: In an effort to reduce human impact on nature trails, some national parks limit the numbers of hikers per group. Olympic National Park, for instance, maintains that only twelve people can hike in each group. B: Some parts of the Olympic National Park coastal trail are quite strenuous. The National Park Service encourages only those hikers who can climb and hike on slippery rocks to make the trek. ### Response:

The second text uses can in its traditional sense: to have the ability to. Some parts of the Olympic National Park coastal trail are quite strenuous. The National Park Service encourages only those hikers who can climb and hike on slippery rocks to make the trek. The first text uses can in its nontraditional sense: to have permission to. In an effort to reduce human impact on nature trails, some national parks limit the numbers of hikers per group. Olympic National Park, for instance, maintains that only twelve people can hike in each group. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word can because it is considered more standard.

### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? butter melting on a hot day baking a loaf of bread A: Both are caused by cooling. B: Both are only physical changes. C: Both are caused by heating. D: Both are chemical changes. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. Butter melting on a hot day is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The butter changes from solid to liquid, but it is still made of the same type of matter. Baking a loaf of bread is a chemical change. The type of matter in the dough changes when it is baked. The dough turns into bread! Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Butter melting on a hot day is a physical change. But baking bread is not. Both are chemical changes. Baking bread is a chemical change. But butter melting on a hot day is not. Both are caused by heating. Both changes are caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

### Instruction: Select the mammal. A: bottlenose dolphin B: red-headed poison frog C: cane toad D: parrotfish ### Response:

A red-headed poison frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Poison dart frogs come in many bright colors. Their bright color warns other animals that these frogs are poisonous. A parrotfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Parrotfish have fins and live underwater near coral reefs. They get their name from their bird-like beak! A bottlenose dolphin is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Dolphins may look like sharks or other fish, but they are mammals! When a baby dolphin is born, it has hair around its jaw. This hair falls out as the dolphin grows. A cane toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Toads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.

### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? stretching a rubber band water evaporating from a puddle A: Both are caused by cooling. B: Both are caused by heating. C: Both are chemical changes. D: Both are only physical changes. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. Stretching a rubber band is a physical change. The rubber band gets longer. But it is still made of the same type of matter as before. Water evaporating from a puddle is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Water evaporating is caused by heating. But stretching a rubber band is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

### Instruction: Complete the sentence. The Eighth Amendment says that the government cannot use any punishments that are (). A: cruel and unusual B: embarrassing C: violent D: expensive ### Response:

Today, the United States often uses punishments that are expensive, violent, or embarrassing. However, the Eighth Amendment says that the government cannot use any punishments that are "cruel and unusual." What makes a punishment "cruel or unusual"? The answer is not clear. The Eighth Amendment doesn't talk about specific punishments. Over time, Americans have changed their views on what is cruel and unusual. For example, the government decided in 2005 that it was cruel to put someone to death for a crime he or she committed before the age of 18. Today, Americans continue to question what is cruel and unusual. In the future, some punishments used today may be outlawed. The text of the Eighth Amendment is below. Does it have rules against anything else? Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

### Instruction: Select the prairie grassland ecosystem. A: This ecosystem has: hot summers and cool winters a medium amount of rain soil that is rich in nutrients B: This ecosystem has: long, cold winters and short, cold summers mostly small plants soil that is frozen year-round C: This ecosystem has: year-round rain and warm temperatures soil that is poor in nutrients many different types of organisms ### Response:

A prairie grassland is a type of ecosystem. It has hot summers and cool winters, a medium amount of rain, and soil that is rich in nutrients. Choice 1 is a prairie grassland ecosystem. It has hot summers with some rain and cool winters with some snow. Choice 2 is a tropical rain forest ecosystem. It has year-round rain and soil that is poor in nutrients. Choice 3 is a tundra ecosystem. It is cold, dry, and rocky. Tundras have permafrost, or soil that is frozen year-round.

### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? melting wax picking up a paper clip with a magnet A: Both are caused by heating. B: Both are chemical changes. C: Both are only physical changes. D: Both are caused by cooling. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. Melting wax is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The wax changes from solid to liquid. But it is still made of the same type of matter. Picking up a paper clip with a magnet is a physical change. The paper clip sticks to the magnet, but it is still made of the same type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Wax melting is caused by heating. But picking up a paper clip with a magnet is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

### Instruction: Select the amphibian. A: red-eyed tree frog B: eagle ray C: red kangaroo D: Mojave rattlesnake ### Response:

A red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. A red-eyed tree frog has sticky pads on its toes. The sticky pads help the red-eyed tree frog hold on to leaves. An eagle ray is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Rays have a different shape than many other fish. Rays are large and flat. They have wide, triangle-shaped fins that help them swim long distances. A red kangaroo is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. Kangaroos hop to move around. They use their large tails for balance while hopping. A Mojave rattlesnake is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Rattlesnakes have fangs they can use to inject venom into their prey.

### Instruction: Complete the sentences. The Fifth Amendment talks about the rights of people who are accused of crimes. For example, anyone accused of a crime has the right to remain silent. The amendment also says that a person can () be put on trial for the same crime more than once. A: always B: never C: sometimes ### Response:

The Fifth Amendment says that anyone accused of a crime has the right to remain silent. The amendment also says that a person can never be put on trial for the same crime more than once. Putting a person on trial for the same crime twice is called double jeopardy. To be in jeopardy is to be in danger of losing something, such as life or freedom. In the United States, no one can ever be put in double jeopardy. Part of the text of the Fifth Amendment is below. It never uses the phrase "double jeopardy." Where do you think the phrase comes from? Nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.

### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? an iceberg melting slowly breaking a plate A: Both are chemical changes. B: Both are only physical changes. C: Both are caused by heating. D: Both are caused by cooling. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. An iceberg melting is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. An iceberg is made of frozen water. As it melts, the water changes from a solid to a liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed. Breaking a plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. An iceberg melting is caused by heating. But breaking a plate is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? a banana getting ripe on the counter newly poured concrete becoming hard A: Both are caused by heating. B: Both are chemical changes. C: Both are caused by cooling. D: Both are only physical changes. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. A banana getting ripe on the counter is a chemical change. As a banana ripens, the type of matter in it changes. The peel changes color and the inside becomes softer and sweeter. Concrete hardening is a chemical change. The chemicals in the concrete react with each other to form a different type of matter. The new matter is hard and strong. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

### Instruction: Which text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense? A: The Brookfield Daily Mail was forced to issue a retraction after printing a factoid about Brookfield's founder. It turned out that the reporter had written the article based on local legend rather than researching the actual history. B: A reporter for the Brookfield Daily Mail dug up an amusing factoid about Brookfield's founder while researching for an article about the town's early years. ### Response:

The second text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact. The Brookfield Daily Mail was forced to issue a retraction after printing a factoid about Brookfield's founder. It turned out that the reporter had written the article based on local legend rather than researching the actual history. The first text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact. A reporter for the Brookfield Daily Mail dug up an amusing factoid about Brookfield's founder while researching for an article about the town's early years. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.

### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? mixing sand and water a sidewalk heating up in the sun A: Both are chemical changes. B: Both are caused by cooling. C: Both are only physical changes. D: Both are caused by heating. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. Mixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before. A sidewalk heating up in the sun is a physical change. The temperature of the sidewalk goes up, but the sidewalk is still made of the same type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. A sidewalk getting warm in the sun is caused by heating. But mixing sand and water is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

### Instruction: Complete the sentence. The First Amendment says that the government cannot take away a person's freedom of speech or (). A: right to drive a car B: voting rights C: freedom of religion ### Response:

The First Amendment says that the government cannot take away a person's freedom of speech or freedom of religion. In the United States, voting rights are not a part of freedom of speech. Freedom of speech means that Americans can say and write what they want. But there are some limits on freedom of speech. For example, a person cannot write lies about someone in a newspaper. But the government cannot stop speech just because someone disagrees with it. Freedom of religion means a person can choose his or her own religion. In the United States, the government cannot tell a person what to believe. The complete text of the First Amendment is below. Does it mention any other rights? Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

### Instruction: Select the reptile. A: Amazon tree boa B: red-eyed tree frog C: poison dart frog D: salmon ### Response:

A salmon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Unlike most other fish, salmon can live in both fresh water and salt water. An Amazon tree boa is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Tree boas eat small mammals, birds, lizards, and frogs. Tree boas only need to eat once every few months! A red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. A red-eyed tree frog has sticky pads on its toes. The sticky pads help the red-eyed tree frog hold on to leaves. A poison dart frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Poison dart frogs come in many bright colors. Their bright color warns other animals that these frogs are poisonous.

### Instruction: Select the living thing. A: paramecia B: swing set C: clay D: moai ### Response:

Clay is not a living thing. Clay does not have all of the traits of a living thing. It can be formed into different shapes, but it does not grow or respond to the world around it. It does not need food or water. A swing set is not a living thing. Swing sets do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. Paramecia are living things. Paramecia grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Paramecia are made up of just one cell. On average, paramecia are 200 micrometers long. That's just twice the width of a human hair! A moai is not a living thing. A moai is a statue that is shaped like a face. But it does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does not grow or respond to the world around it. It does not need food or water.

### Instruction: Select the solid. A: water in a glass B: handsaw C: air inside a soccer ball D: air inside a balloon ### Response:

A handsaw is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. The handle of this handsaw is made of wood, and the blade is made of metal. Both wood and metal are solids. The air inside a soccer ball is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air fills all the space inside the soccer ball. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the ball. The air inside a balloon is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a balloon expands to fill all the space in the balloon. If the balloon pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space. The water in a glass is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour water from a glass into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.

### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? baking a loaf of bread cells using oxygen to break down sugar A: Both are caused by heating. B: Both are only physical changes. C: Both are chemical changes. D: Both are caused by cooling. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. Baking a loaf of bread is a chemical change. The type of matter in the dough changes when it is baked. The dough turns into bread! Cells using oxygen to break down sugar is a chemical change. When sugar is broken down, it forms carbon dioxide and water. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Baking is caused by heating. But cells using oxygen to break down sugar is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

### Instruction: Select the living thing. A: boxwood shrub B: swing set C: house D: helicopter ### Response:

A boxwood shrub is a living thing. Boxwood shrubs grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Boxwood shrubs are made up of many cells. People cut bushes and shrubs into decorative shapes called topiaries. Topiaries can be cut to look like animals, patterns, or other designs. A helicopter is not a living thing. A helicopter does not have all the traits of a living thing. It needs energy to fly, but it does not eat food. Helicopters get energy from gasoline or other fuel. They do not grow. A house is not a living thing. Houses do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. A swing set is not a living thing. Swing sets do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.

### Instruction: Based on the passage, what was the Protestant Reformation? A: a war fought between Catholics in northern and western Europe B: a movement demanding that the Catholic Church change some of its practices C: a period when people asked Protestant churches to reform their teachings D: a conflict between Protestants and people who separated from the Catholic Church ### Response:

The Protestant Reformation was a movement demanding that the Catholic Church reform, or change, some of its practices. Catholic leaders were asked to reform, or change, what they were teaching and how they led the Catholic community. Choice "a period when people asked Protestant churches to reform their teachings" is incorrect. The Reformation was a period when people asked the Catholic Church to reform. Choice "a conflict between Protestants and people who separated from the Catholic Church" is incorrect. The people who left the Catholic Church were not in conflict with Protestants. They were Protestants. Choice "a war fought between Catholics in northern and western Europe" is incorrect. Before the Reformation, most people in northern and western Europe were Catholics, but they were not fighting with each other during this time.

### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? water evaporating from a lake cooking an egg A: Both are caused by heating. B: Both are caused by cooling. C: Both are chemical changes. D: Both are only physical changes. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. Water evaporating from a lake is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed. Cooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked egg and raw egg are different types of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Water evaporating is a physical change. But cooking an egg is not. Both are chemical changes. Cooking an egg is a chemical change. But water evaporating from a lake is not. Both are caused by heating. Both changes are caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

### Instruction: Select the solid. A: air inside a basketball B: water droplets C: grape juice D: stuffed rabbit ### Response:

The air inside a basketball is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air fills all the space inside the basketball. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the ball. A stuffed rabbit is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you hold a stuffed rabbit in your hands, the stuffed rabbit still has a size and shape of its own. Water droplets are a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you collect water droplets in a bucket, they will take the shape of the bucket. But the water droplets will still take up the same amount of space. Grape juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour grape juice into a different container, the grape juice will take the shape of that container. But the grape juice will still take up the same amount of space.

### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? mixing sand and gravel using a large magnet to remove pieces of iron from a junkyard A: Both are caused by heating. B: Both are caused by cooling. C: Both are chemical changes. D: Both are only physical changes. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. Mixing sand and gravel is a physical change. Together, the sand and gravel make a mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter. Using a large magnet to remove pieces of iron from a junkyard is a physical change. Both the iron and the magnet are still made of the same type of matter as before. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

### Instruction: Is this a run-on sentence? A helium-filled balloon called the Double Eagle II completed the first transatlantic balloon flight in history in 1978, it landed in a barley field near Paris about 140 hours after lifting off from Presque Isle, Maine. A: no B: yes ### Response:

This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma. A helium-filled balloon called the Double Eagle II completed the first transatlantic balloon flight in history in 1978, it landed in a barley field near Paris about 140 hours after lifting off from Presque Isle, Maine. Here is one way to fix the run-on sentence: A helium-filled balloon called the Double Eagle II completed the first transatlantic balloon flight in history in 1978. It landed in a barley field near Paris about 140 hours after lifting off from Presque Isle, Maine.

### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? pouring milk on oatmeal sewing an apron A: Both are caused by cooling. B: Both are caused by heating. C: Both are only physical changes. D: Both are chemical changes. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. Pouring milk on oatmeal is a physical change. The oatmeal and milk form a creamy mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter. Sewing an apron is a physical change. The fabric and thread that make up the apron get a new shape, but the type of matter in each of them does not change. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? knitting yarn into a scarf using a large magnet to remove pieces of iron from a junkyard A: Both are caused by cooling. B: Both are chemical changes. C: Both are only physical changes. D: Both are caused by heating. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. Knitting yarn into a scarf is a physical change. The yarn gets a different shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter. Using a large magnet to remove pieces of iron from a junkyard is a physical change. Both the iron and the magnet are still made of the same type of matter as before. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

### Instruction: Select the living thing. A: cell phone B: giant clam C: paper airplane D: clay ### Response:

Clay is not a living thing. Clay does not have all of the traits of a living thing. It can be formed into different shapes, but it does not grow or respond to the world around it. It does not need food or water. A giant clam is a living thing. Giant clams grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Giant clams are made up of many cells. Giant clams are animals. They live in large shells that are attached to the ocean floor. A cell phone is not a living thing. A cell phone does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does many useful things, and even responds to the world around it. But it does not grow. It does not need food or water. A paper airplane is not a living thing. Paper airplanes do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.

### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? burning a marshmallow over a campfire boiling an egg A: Both are caused by heating. B: Both are only physical changes. C: Both are caused by cooling. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. Burning a marshmallow is a chemical change. The heat from the fire causes the type of matter in the marshmallow to change. The marshmallow becomes black and crispy. Boiling an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked eggs and raw eggs are made of different types of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Both changes are caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? crushing a mineral into powder mixing lettuce and salad dressing A: Both are only physical changes. B: Both are caused by heating. C: Both are chemical changes. D: Both are caused by cooling. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. Crushing a mineral into powder is a physical change. The mineral breaks into tiny pieces. But it is still made of the same type of matter. Mixing lettuce and salad dressing is a physical change. Together, the salad and dressing make a mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

### Instruction: Select the liquid. A: beads B: lemonade C: air inside a balloon D: empty cup ### Response:

An empty cup is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you fill a cup with water, the cup still has its own shape. Each bead in the jar is a solid. If you put many beads into a bottle, they will take the shape of the bottle, as a liquid would. But be careful! Beads are not a liquid. Each bead still has a size and shape of its own. The air inside a balloon is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a balloon expands to fill all the space in the balloon. If the balloon pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space. Lemonade is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour lemonade into a cup, the lemonade will take the shape of the cup. But the lemonade will still take up the same amount of space.

### Instruction: Select the living thing. A: the Statue of Liberty B: hair dryer C: viper D: piano ### Response:

A hair dryer is not a living thing. A hair dryer does not have all the traits of a living thing. It uses electricity to make heat and noise, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water. The Statue of Liberty is not a living thing. The Statue of Liberty is shaped like a person. But it does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does not grow or respond to the world around it. It does not need food or water. A viper is a living thing. Vipers grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Vipers are made up of many cells. Vipers are animals. They have fangs which they use to bite their prey. A piano is not a living thing. Pianos do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.

### Instruction: Complete the statement. During this chemical reaction, the airbag becomes (). A: warmer B: colder ### Response:

To determine whether the airbag becomes warmer or colder, look for the text that describes the movement of thermal energy during the reaction.Airbags reduce injuries during car crashes by inflating quickly to provide cushions for people inside a car. Older airbags contain a small amount of sodium azide (NaN3). If a crash occurs, the sodium azide is heated, causing it to break down into sodium metal (Na) and nitrogen gas (N2). In less than one-tenth of a second, enough nitrogen gas is produced to completely fill the airbag. As a result of the reaction, thermal energy is transferred into the surroundings.The underlined text tells you that thermal energy is transferred into the surroundings. Because thermal energy moves out of the reaction and into the surroundings, the temperature of the surroundings increases.The surroundings include the airbag that the reaction takes place in. So, the airbag becomes warmer.

### Instruction: Which text uses the word literally in its traditional sense? A: Desmond's new kitten—barely three weeks old—was literally the size of a softball; it could just about fit in the palm of his hand. B: Desmond's new kitten—barely three weeks old—was literally just a ball of fluff in the palm of his hand. ### Response:

The second text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way. Desmond's new kitten—barely three weeks old—was literally the size of a softball; it could just about fit in the palm of his hand. The first text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). Desmond's new kitten is not actually just a ball of fluff. Desmond's new kitten—barely three weeks old—was literally just a ball of fluff in the palm of his hand. Most style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect.

### Instruction: Select the mammal. A: Tasmanian devil B: clownfish C: gray crowned crane D: robin ### Response:

A gray crowned crane is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Cranes wade in shallow water to look for food. Cranes eat insects, worms, and plants. A clownfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Clownfish live with animals called anemones. In the image of the clownfish, you can see the brown anemone surrounding the clownfish. A Tasmanian devil is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. Tasmanian devils are meat-eating marsupials. They live on the island of Tasmania, near Australia. A robin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. A robin is a songbird. It sings different songs at different times of the day.

### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? peeling a banana tying a shoelace A: Both are only physical changes. B: Both are caused by cooling. C: Both are caused by heating. D: Both are chemical changes. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. Peeling a banana is a physical change. The peel is not covering the rest of the fruit anymore. But both the peel and the banana are still made of the same type of matter as before. Tying a shoelace is a physical change. The shoelace gets a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

### Instruction: Which text uses the word travesty in its traditional sense? A: Darnell realized that his essay about the Space Race was a bit inaccurate, but he still thought it a travesty that such an entertaining essay should receive a poor grade. B: Darnell's ill-researched essay about the Space Race received a poor grade because it presented such a travesty of the actual historical events. ### Response:

The first text uses travesty in its traditional sense: a ridiculous imitation; a parody. Darnell's ill-researched essay about the Space Race received a poor grade because it presented such a travesty of the actual historical events. The second text uses travesty in its nontraditional sense: a disappointment or a tragedy. Darnell realized that his essay about the Space Race was a bit inaccurate, but he still thought it a travesty that such an entertaining essay should receive a poor grade. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word travesty because it is considered more standard.

### Instruction: Select the solid. A: water in a fishbowl B: coffee C: air inside a balloon D: crayons ### Response:

The air inside a balloon is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a balloon expands to fill all the space in the balloon. If the balloon pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space. Coffee is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour coffee into a different container, the coffee will take the shape of that container. But the coffee will still take up the same amount of space. The water in a fishbowl is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour water from a fishbowl into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space. A crayon is a solid. You can break a crayon into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own.

### Instruction: Select the solid. A: pencil B: rain puddle C: helium D: wet paint ### Response:

Helium is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. Helium is lighter than air. So, if you fill a balloon with helium, the balloon will rise. If helium leaks out of the balloon, the helium will expand into the space around the balloon. A pencil is a solid. You can break a pencil into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own. Wet paint is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour wet paint out of a can, the paint will change shape. But the wet paint will still take up the same amount of space. A rain puddle is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you collect rainwater in a bucket, the rainwater will take the shape of the bucket. But the rainwater will still take up the same amount of space.

### Instruction: Which text uses the word terribly in its traditional sense? A: Tanvi made escargots using the small snails from her garden. She prepared them according to the recipe but found the chewy texture terribly disappointing. B: Tanvi decided to make escargots using the small snails from her garden, but she prepared them terribly. Since she'd forgotten to add garlic, the taste was disappointing. ### Response:

The first text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner. Tanvi decided to make escargots using the small snails from her garden, but she prepared them terribly. Since she'd forgotten to add garlic, the taste was disappointing. The second text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very. Tanvi made escargots using the small snails from her garden. She prepared them according to the recipe but found the chewy texture terribly disappointing. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.

### Instruction: Select the living thing. A: iceberg B: pushpin C: strawberry bush D: soap bubble ### Response:

An iceberg is not a living thing. An iceberg does not have all the traits of a living thing. It may grow or melt in response to the world around it, but it does not need food. A pushpin is not a living thing. Pushpins do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. A strawberry bush is a living thing. Strawberry bushes grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Strawberry bushes are made up of many cells. Strawberry bushes are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight. A soap bubble is not a living thing. A soap bubble may grow or pop in response to the world around it. But it does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does not need food.

### Instruction: Select the bird. A: gray tree frog B: Surinam horned frog C: turkey vulture D: green moray eel ### Response:

A green moray eel is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Eels are long and thin. They may have small fins. They look like snakes, but they are fish! A Surinam horned frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Frogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water. A gray tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. There are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches. A turkey vulture is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Vultures do not usually hunt live animals. They eat animals that are already dead! This behavior is called scavenging.

### Instruction: Which text uses the word disinterested in its traditional sense? A: Jacob is disinterested in reading page after page of restaurant reviews on the Internet; he prefers to try out new restaurants for himself and make up his own mind. B: The restaurant reviews on this website are not exactly disinterested—restaurants can pay to remove unflattering reviews—but Jacob still finds it useful for finding new places to eat. ### Response:

The second text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial. The restaurant reviews on this website are not exactly disinterested—restaurants can pay to remove unflattering reviews—but Jacob still finds it useful for finding new places to eat. The first text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninterested or indifferent. Jacob is disinterested in reading page after page of restaurant reviews on the Internet; he prefers to try out new restaurants for himself and make up his own mind. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word disinterested because it is considered more standard.

### Instruction: Which text uses the word disinterested in its traditional sense? A: Bonnie is excellent in her position as class treasurer. She always manages to be disinterested in student council debates about the allocation of extracurricular funds. B: Bonnie is happy with her position as class treasurer. Though she would have the support of the student council, she is disinterested in running for student body president. ### Response:

The second text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial. Bonnie is excellent in her position as class treasurer. She always manages to be disinterested in student council debates about the allocation of extracurricular funds. The first text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninterested or indifferent. Bonnie is happy with her position as class treasurer. Though she would have the support of the student council, she is disinterested in running for student body president. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word disinterested because it is considered more standard.

### Instruction: Select the solid. A: knife B: vinegar C: water droplets D: water from a faucet ### Response:

Vinegar is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour vinegar into a different container, the vinegar will take the shape of that container. But the vinegar will still take up the same amount of space. Water droplets are a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you collect water droplets in a bucket, they will take the shape of the bucket. But the water droplets will still take up the same amount of space. A knife is a solid. You can bend a knife. But it will still have a size and shape of its own. The water from a faucet is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you put water from a faucet into a container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.

### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? getting a haircut cracking open a peanut A: Both are only physical changes. B: Both are caused by cooling. C: Both are chemical changes. D: Both are caused by heating. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. Getting a haircut is a physical change. Your hair is shorter after a haircut. But it is still made of the same type of matter. Cracking open a peanut is a physical change. The peanut shell breaks and the peanut falls out. Both are still made of the same type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? chicken cooking in an oven baking an apple pie A: Both are caused by cooling. B: Both are caused by heating. C: Both are only physical changes. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. Cooking chicken is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter. Baking an apple pie is a chemical change. The type of matter in the pie changes when it is baked. The crust turns brown, and the apples become soft. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Both changes are caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

### Instruction: Select the living thing. A: sea star B: backpack C: the Statue of Liberty D: iceberg ### Response:

A backpack is not a living thing. Backpacks do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. A sea star is a living thing. Sea stars grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Sea stars are made up of many cells. Sea stars are animals. They can use their arms to walk on the ocean floor. An iceberg is not a living thing. An iceberg does not have all the traits of a living thing. It may grow or melt in response to the world around it, but it does not need food. The Statue of Liberty is not a living thing. The Statue of Liberty is shaped like a person. But it does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does not grow or respond to the world around it. It does not need food or water.

### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? molding clay into the shape of a pot shaking up salad dressing A: Both are caused by cooling. B: Both are chemical changes. C: Both are only physical changes. D: Both are caused by heating. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. Molding clay into the shape of a pot is a physical change. The clay gets a different shape. But it is made of the same type of matter. Shaking up salad dressing is a physical change. The different parts mix together, but they are still made of the same type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

### Instruction: What does this Works Cited entry indicate about the cited work? Witze, Alexandra. "Race to Unravel Oklahoma's Artificial Quakes." Nature 520.7548 (2015): 418–419. Web. 27 Apr. 2015. A: It has more than one author. B: It was published on April 27, 2015. C: It was accessed on April 27, 2015. ### Response:

Look closely at the Works Cited entry: Witze, Alexandra. "Race to Unravel Oklahoma's Artificial Quakes." Nature 520.7548 (2015): 418–419. Web. 27 Apr. 2015. You can tell that the cited work was accessed on April 27, 2015, by looking at the date of access, which appears after the medium of publication.

### Instruction: What does this Works Cited entry indicate about the cited work? Ulin, David L. "The Magic Is Missing in Toni Morrison's 'God Help the Child.'" Rev. of God Help the Child, by Toni Morrison. Los Angeles Times 23 Apr. 2015: n. pag. Web. 30 Apr. 2015. A: It is a magazine article. B: The author's first name is Toni. C: It is a review. ### Response:

Look closely at the Works Cited entry: Ulin, David L. "The Magic Is Missing in Toni Morrison's 'God Help the Child.'" Rev. of God Help the Child, by Toni Morrison. Los Angeles Times 23 Apr. 2015: n. pag. Web. 30 Apr. 2015. You can tell that the cited work is a review because the entry contains the term Rev. of, which means review of.

### Instruction: Complete the statement. During this chemical reaction, the solution becomes (). A: colder B: warmer ### Response:

To determine whether the solution becomes warmer or colder, look for the text that describes the movement of thermal energy during the reaction.Pickling is used to prevent foods such as meat and vegetables from spoiling too soon. Food that has been pickled may remain edible for more than a year! One type of pickling involves soaking the food in a solution of water and sodium chloride (NaCl). When sodium chloride is dissolved in water, sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl−) form in the solution. During this process, a small amount of thermal energy is taken in from the surroundings.The underlined text tells you that thermal energy is taken in from the surroundings. Because thermal energy moves out of the surroundings and into the reaction, the temperature of the surroundings decreases.The surroundings include the solution that the reaction takes place in. So, the solution becomes colder.

### Instruction: Select the bird. A: porcupinefish B: keel-billed toucan C: red-spotted newt D: harbor seal ### Response:

A keel-billed toucan is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Toucans have large beaks. A toucan's beak can be half as long as its body. A porcupinefish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Porcupinefish can puff up their bodies with air or water to scare off predators. A harbor seal is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. Seals have flippers instead of arms! They use their flippers to swim underwater or to crawl on the beach. A red-spotted newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Some newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water.

### Instruction: What does this Works Cited entry indicate about the cited work? Hille, Karl, Ed. "A Hubble Sweep of the Dust Filaments of NGC 4217." Hubble. NASA, 27 Jan. 2015. Web. 1 May 2015. A: Hubble is the title of the web page. B: "A Hubble Sweep of the Dust Filaments of NGC 4217" is the title of the web page. C: NASA is the title of the web page. ### Response:

Look closely at the Works Cited entry: Hille, Karl, Ed. "A Hubble Sweep of the Dust Filaments of NGC 4217." Hubble. NASA, 27 Jan. 2015. Web. 1 May 2015. You can tell that "A Hubble Sweep of the Dust Filaments of NGC 4217" is the title of the web page because it appears in quotation marks.

### Instruction: Select the amphibian. A: fire salamander B: gharial C: green moray eel D: whale shark ### Response:

A green moray eel is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Eels are long and thin. They may have small fins. They look like snakes, but they are fish! A whale shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Whale sharks are the largest fish in the world! Adult whale sharks can weigh over 21 tons—as much as seven elephants! A fire salamander is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Fire salamanders can release poison from their skin. This poison helps protect them from predators. A gharial is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Gharials are a type of crocodile. Gharials live near rivers and eat fish.

### Instruction: Select the solid. A: air inside a soccer ball B: vinegar C: water in a sink D: ruler ### Response:

A ruler is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. If you put a ruler in a box, the ruler will keep its shape. The air inside a soccer ball is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air fills all the space inside the soccer ball. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the ball. Vinegar is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour vinegar into a different container, the vinegar will take the shape of that container. But the vinegar will still take up the same amount of space. The water in a sink is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you move the water from a sink into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.

### Instruction: Which text uses the word can in its traditional sense? A: Gina can type using a keyboard with a QWERTY layout, but she prefers the Dvorak layout. The two keyboards have different arrangements of letters and symbols. B: If Gina prefers a keyboard with the Dvorak layout, she can use mine. In my opinion, it's faster than typing on a keyboard with a QWERTY layout. ### Response:

The second text uses can in its traditional sense: to have the ability to. Gina can type using a keyboard with a QWERTY layout, but she prefers the Dvorak layout. The two keyboards have different arrangements of letters and symbols. The first text uses can in its nontraditional sense: to have permission to. If Gina prefers a keyboard with the Dvorak layout, she can use mine. In my opinion, it's faster than typing on a keyboard with a QWERTY layout. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word can because it is considered more standard.

### Instruction: Select the solid. A: fruit punch B: garbage can C: wet paint D: vinegar ### Response:

Wet paint is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour wet paint out of a can, the paint will change shape. But the wet paint will still take up the same amount of space. Fruit punch is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour fruit punch into a cup, the punch will take the shape of the cup. But the punch will still take up the same amount of space. A garbage can is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. You can open or close a garbage can. But it will still have a size and shape of its own. Vinegar is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour vinegar into a different container, the vinegar will take the shape of that container. But the vinegar will still take up the same amount of space.

### Instruction: Select the living thing. A: manta ray B: computer C: soap D: yo-yo ### Response:

A computer is not a living thing. A computer does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does many useful things, and even responds to the world around it. But it does not grow. It does not need food or water. A yo-yo is not a living thing. Yo-yos do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. Soap is not a living thing. Soap does not have all of the traits of a living thing. It may change shape or become foamy, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water. A manta ray is a living thing. Manta rays grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Manta rays are made up of many cells. Manta rays are animals. They use their wide, flat fins to swim.

### Instruction: Select the living thing. A: teddy bear B: amoebae C: van D: kite ### Response:

A teddy bear is not a living thing. Teddy bears do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. A kite is not a living thing. A kite does not have all the traits of a living thing. It moves fast in the wind, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water. A van is not a living thing. A van does not have all the traits of a living thing. Vans need energy, but they do not eat food. They get energy from gasoline or electricity. Vans do not grow. Amoebae are living things. Amoebae grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Amoebae are made up of just one cell. Amoebae live in fresh water, in salt water, and in the soil.

### Instruction: Which text uses the word can in its traditional sense? A: As they observed the animals on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Kyle, "Did you know that cheetahs can run as fast as seventy-five miles per hour?" B: As they observed the cheetahs on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Kyle, "You can borrow my camera if you want." ### Response:

The second text uses can in its traditional sense: to have the ability to. As they observed the animals on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Kyle, "Did you know that cheetahs can run as fast as seventy-five miles per hour?" The first text uses can in its nontraditional sense: to have permission to. As they observed the cheetahs on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Kyle, "You can borrow my camera if you want." Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word can because it is considered more standard.

### Instruction: Select the solid. A: fruit punch B: pipe cleaner C: coffee D: caramel sauce ### Response:

Coffee is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour coffee into a different container, the coffee will take the shape of that container. But the coffee will still take up the same amount of space. Caramel sauce is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour caramel sauce into a container, the caramel sauce will take the shape of that container. But the caramel sauce will still take up the same amount of space. A pipe cleaner is a solid. You can easily bend a pipe cleaner. But it will still have a size and shape of its own. Fruit punch is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour fruit punch into a cup, the punch will take the shape of the cup. But the punch will still take up the same amount of space.

### Instruction: Select the amphibian. A: piranha B: emerald tree boa C: ostrich D: red salamander ### Response:

An ostrich is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. The ostrich is the largest bird alive today. Ostriches cannot fly, but they can run very fast. A piranha is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Piranhas have sharp teeth. Piranhas hunt in groups. A group of piranhas can eat a large animal. An emerald tree boa is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Tree boas eat small mammals, birds, lizards, and frogs. Tree boas only need to eat once every few months! A red salamander is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Red salamanders do not have lungs. They breathe through their skin!

### Instruction: Which text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense? A: Bella's little brother looked a little nauseous after eating mounds of candy and then going on the dizzying rides at the state fair. B: Bella's little brother looked a little sick after eating mounds of candy and then going on the nauseous rides at the state fair. ### Response:

The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea. Bella's little brother looked a little sick after eating mounds of candy and then going on the nauseous rides at the state fair. The second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated. Bella's little brother looked a little nauseous after eating mounds of candy and then going on the dizzying rides at the state fair. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.

### Instruction: Select the living thing. A: shoe B: piano C: barrel cactus D: pushpin ### Response:

A shoe is not a living thing. Shoes do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. A barrel cactus is a living thing. Barrel cacti grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Barrel cacti are made up of many cells. Barrel cacti are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight. A pushpin is not a living thing. Pushpins do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. A piano is not a living thing. Pianos do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.

### Instruction: Select the gas. A: water in a sink B: door C: tortoise shell D: helium ### Response:

A door is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you open or close a door, it keeps its shape. The water in a sink is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you move the water from a sink into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space. Helium is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. Helium is lighter than air. So, if you fill a balloon with helium, the balloon will rise. If helium leaks out of the balloon, the helium will expand into the space around the balloon. A tortoise shell is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A tortoise shell is made of a solid called keratin, just like your fingernails!

### Instruction: Select the bird. A: brown pelican B: spotted dolphin C: zebra D: great white shark ### Response:

A brown pelican is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Brown pelicans live near water. They can dive underwater to catch fish. A spotted dolphin is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Dolphins may look like sharks or other fish, but they are mammals! When a baby dolphin is born, it has hair around its jaw. This hair falls out as the dolphin grows. A great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Great white sharks can live for up to 70 years. A zebra is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Zebras eat mostly grass. But they sometimes eat other types of plants, such as shrubs or tree bark.

### Instruction: Which text uses the word disinterested in its traditional sense? A: As an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. Larsen believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students. B: As a teacher of American history, Mr. Larsen tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint. ### Response:

The first text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial. As a teacher of American history, Mr. Larsen tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint. The second text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninterested or indifferent. As an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. Larsen believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word disinterested because it is considered more standard.

### Instruction: Select the reptile. A: hippopotamus B: emerald tree boa C: gray wolf D: elephant seal ### Response:

An emerald tree boa is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Tree boas eat small mammals, birds, lizards, and frogs. Tree boas only need to eat once every few months! A gray wolf is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. Wolves often live in family groups. A wolf mother, father, and their children travel together. An elephant seal is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Seals have flippers instead of arms! They use their flippers to swim underwater or to crawl on the beach. A hippopotamus is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Hippopotamuses keep cool by lying in mud or water.

### Instruction: Select the living thing. A: yucca B: candle C: windmill D: airplane ### Response:

Yucca is a living thing. Yucca grows and responds to its environment. It needs food and water. It is made up of many cells. Yucca is a plant. It uses water, air, and sunlight to make food. A candle is not a living thing. A candle does not have all the traits of a living thing. It gives off light and heat, but it does not need food or water to survive. An airplane is not a living thing. An airplane does not have all the traits of a living thing. It needs energy to fly, but it does not eat food. Airplanes get energy from gasoline or other fuel. They do not grow. A windmill is not a living thing. A windmill does not have all the traits of a living thing. It moves in the wind, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.

### Instruction: Select the reptile. A: eagle ray B: dwarf crocodile C: California newt D: harbor seal ### Response:

An eagle ray is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Rays have a different shape than many other fish. Rays are large and flat. They have wide, triangle-shaped fins that help them swim long distances. A harbor seal is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. Seals have flippers instead of arms! They use their flippers to swim underwater or to crawl on the beach. A dwarf crocodile is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Crocodiles hunt their prey in or near water. A California newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Some newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water.

### Instruction: Which text uses the word literally in its traditional sense? A: The curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Seth's mouth was literally on fire by the time he finished his meal. B: The curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Seth literally had to drink three glasses of milk to ease the pain. ### Response:

The first text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way. The curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Seth literally had to drink three glasses of milk to ease the pain. The second text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). Seth's mouth may be in pain, but it is not actually on fire. The curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Seth's mouth was literally on fire by the time he finished his meal. Most style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect.

### Instruction: Select the mammal. A: Nile crocodile B: cobra C: green frog D: humpback whale ### Response:

A Nile crocodile is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Crocodiles hunt their prey in or near water. A green frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Frogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water. A cobra is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Most cobras have a wide, flat hood below their head. A cobra can display its hood to scare away a predator. A humpback whale is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Whales are mammals that live in the ocean. Humpback whales have small hairs that grow from bumps around their mouth.

### Instruction: From Whitman's account, what probably happened at the battle? A: The Union army fought the Confederate army to a tie. B: The Union army was defeated and forced to retreat. C: The Union army won the battle and took Manassas Junction. D: The Confederate army had burned down the Long Bridge. ### Response:

Look at the underlined sentences from the passage. The defeated troops [started] pouring into Washington over the Long Bridge at daylight on Monday, 22 nd July . . . all the men with this coating of sweat and rain, now recoiling back, pouring over the Long Bridge — a horrible march of twenty miles, returning to Washington baffled, humiliated, panic-struck. Remember that Walt Whitman was writing about the Union army. Whitman uses words such as "defeated," "humiliated," and "panic-struck" to describe the returning Union soldiers. The Union army was defeated and forced to retreat.

### Instruction: Select the living thing. A: crayon B: hockey puck C: pepper tree D: street lamp ### Response:

A street lamp is not a living thing. Street lamps do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. A crayon is not a living thing. Crayons do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. A hockey puck is not a living thing. Hockey pucks do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. A pepper tree is a living thing. Pepper trees grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Pepper trees are made up of many cells. Pepper trees are usually planted in the ground. They can also be planted in bags of soil.

### Instruction: Select the living thing. A: rain B: aloe vera C: brick wall D: geode ### Response:

A geode is not a living thing. A geode does not have all the traits of a living thing. It contains minerals that formed slowly over many years. But it does not need food or water. Aloe vera is a living thing. Aloe vera grows and responds to its environment. It needs food and water. It is made up of many cells. Aloe vera is a plant. It uses water, air, and sunlight to make food. A brick wall is not a living thing. Brick walls do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. Rain is not a living thing. Rain is made of water. It helps living things survive. But it does not have all the traits of a living thing. Rain does not grow or need food.

### Instruction: Select the living thing. A: stalactite B: brick wall C: pear tree D: mug ### Response:

A pear tree is a living thing. Pear trees grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Pear trees are made up of many cells. Pear trees are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight. A mug is not a living thing. Mugs do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. A brick wall is not a living thing. Brick walls do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. A stalactite is not a living thing. A stalactite does not have all the traits of a living thing. It contains minerals that formed slowly over many years. But it does not need food or water.

### Instruction: Select the fish. A: humpback whale B: piranha C: zebra D: gharial ### Response:

A gharial is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Gharials are a type of crocodile. Gharials live near rivers and eat fish. A zebra is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Zebras eat mostly grass. But they sometimes eat other types of plants, such as shrubs or tree bark. A humpback whale is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Whales are mammals that live in the ocean. Humpback whales have small hairs that grow from bumps around their mouth. A piranha is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Piranhas have sharp teeth. Piranhas hunt in groups. A group of piranhas can eat a large animal.

### Instruction: What does this Works Cited entry indicate about the cited work? Kulligan, Ian K. "First of Kate Brown's Ethics Bills Sent to Senate Floor." The Oregonian 28 Apr. 2015: n. pag. Web. 2 May 2015. A: It is a newspaper article. B: It is a short story. C: It is a poem. ### Response:

Look closely at the Works Cited entry: Kulligan, Ian K. "First of Kate Brown's Ethics Bills Sent to Senate Floor." The Oregonian 28 Apr. 2015: n. pag. Web. 2 May 2015. You can tell that the cited work is a newspaper article because of the entry's formatting. Entries for newspaper articles include the author of the article, the article title in quotation marks, the name of the newspaper in italics, the date of publication, and the page number the article appears on.

### Instruction: Select the animal. A: Hydrangea bushes can grow colorful flowers. B: Maple trees have star-shaped leaves. C: Snowy owls eat small animals. D: Rose bushes can grow colorful flowers. ### Response:

A rose bush is a plant. It can grow colorful flowers. Most rose bushes have sharp thorns. The thorns help protect the rose bush from being eaten by animals. A snowy owl is an animal. It eats small animals. Snowy owls live in cold places. Snowy owls have feathers on their feet to protect them from the cold. A maple tree is a plant. It has star-shaped leaves. Maple trees have green leaves in the spring and summer. In the fall, their leaves turn yellow, red, or brown. A hydrangea bush is a plant. It can grow colorful flowers. Hydrangea bushes can have blue, white, purple, or pink flowers.

### Instruction: What do these two changes have in common? tearing a piece of paper breaking a piece of glass A: Both are only physical changes. B: Both are chemical changes. C: Both are caused by cooling. D: Both are caused by heating. ### Response:

Step 1: Think about each change. Tearing a piece of paper is a physical change. The paper tears into pieces. But each piece is still made of paper. Breaking a piece of glass is a physical change. The glass gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

### Instruction: Select the mammal. A: box turtle B: painted stork C: robin D: sugar glider ### Response:

A robin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. A robin is a songbird. It sings different songs at different times of the day. A painted stork is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Storks wade in shallow water to look for food. Storks eat fish, insects, worms, and other small animals. A sugar glider is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. Sugar gliders can jump long distances from tree to tree. They have flaps of loose skin on their sides. These flaps help them stay in the air. A box turtle is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Box turtles can live to be over 100 years old!

### Instruction: Which text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense? A: Jonathan seemed to know a lot about African wildlife, but it turned out that his knowledge was mostly based on factoids gleaned from unreliable websites. B: Jonathan subscribed to an online newsletter about African wildlife; he enjoyed receiving daily factoids about the wild animals' natural habitats and behavior. ### Response:

The second text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact. Jonathan seemed to know a lot about African wildlife, but it turned out that his knowledge was mostly based on factoids gleaned from unreliable websites. The first text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact. Jonathan subscribed to an online newsletter about African wildlife; he enjoyed receiving daily factoids about the wild animals' natural habitats and behavior. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.

### Instruction: Select the reptile. A: cane toad B: ocean sunfish C: western gorilla D: cobra ### Response:

A western gorilla is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. Gorillas live in groups called troops. The largest male in the troop is usually the leader. An ocean sunfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Ocean sunfish have a flat body and wide fins. They sometimes swim to the ocean's surface to rest in the sun. A cobra is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Most cobras have a wide, flat hood below their head. A cobra can display its hood to scare away a predator. A cane toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Toads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.

### Instruction: Select the fish. A: African bullfrog B: blue-footed booby C: African elephant D: green moray eel ### Response:

An African elephant is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Elephants live in groups called herds. The oldest female in the herd is usually the leader. A blue-footed booby is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Blue-footed boobies live on tropical islands in the Pacific Ocean. A green moray eel is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Eels are long and thin. They may have small fins. They look like snakes, but they are fish! An African bullfrog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Frogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.

### Instruction: Which text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense? A: Brooke couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past. B: The odor emanating from the landfill made Brooke so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past. ### Response:

The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea. Brooke couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past. The second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated. The odor emanating from the landfill made Brooke so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.

### Instruction: Complete the sentence. In this chemical reaction, beeswax is a (). A: reactant B: product ### Response:

Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to beeswax in this chemical reaction. Candles can be made from beeswax, the substance bees use to build honeycombs. As a beeswax candle's string, or wick, burns, the wax melts and rises up the string. The wax combines with oxygen in the air, forming carbon dioxide and water. This process releases energy in the form of light and heat. The underlined text tells you that when beeswax and oxygen combine, carbon dioxide and water are formed. When beeswax and oxygen react, or go through a chemical change, their atoms are rearranged to form carbon dioxide and water. Because beeswax reacts in this chemical reaction, beeswax is a reactant.

### Instruction: What does the Third Amendment say about soliders? A: No soldiers are allowed in the United States during peacetime. B: The government can't force people to keep soldiers in their homes during peacetime. C: All men need to sign up as soldiers if the United States goes to war. D: Soldiers are the only Americans who don't have to pay taxes. ### Response:

The Third Amendment says that the government can't force people to keep soldiers in their homes during peacetime. The amendment says that no soldier shall be "quartered in any house." In this case, "quartered" means "given a place to stay." The complete text of the Third Amendment is below. Are there any times when an American might have to let a soldier stay in his or her house? No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

### Instruction: Select the living thing. A: clownfish B: beach ball C: helicopter D: bracelet ### Response:

A helicopter is not a living thing. A helicopter does not have all the traits of a living thing. It needs energy to fly, but it does not eat food. Helicopters get energy from gasoline or other fuel. They do not grow. A beach ball is not a living thing. Beach balls do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. A bracelet is not a living thing. Bracelets do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. A clownfish is a living thing. Clownfishes grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Clownfishes are made up of many cells.

### Instruction: What does this Works Cited entry indicate about the cited work? Reeves, Amy. "Biogen's MS Drug Sales Light, Alzheimer's Data Pushed Back." Investor's Business Daily 27 Apr. 2015: A1. Print. A: It is a poem. B: It is a newspaper article. C: It is a book. ### Response:

Look closely at the Works Cited entry: Reeves, Amy. "Biogen's MS Drug Sales Light, Alzheimer's Data Pushed Back." Investor's Business Daily 27 Apr. 2015: A1. Print. You can tell that the cited work is a newspaper article because of the entry's formatting. Entries for newspaper articles include the author of the article, the article title in quotation marks, the name of the newspaper in italics, the date of publication, and the article's page number(s).

### Instruction: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? A: After scouring the classified ads for days, Rick finally found a used car that fit his budget. The sedan had Bluetooth, but it needed to be fixed. B: After scouring the classified ads for days, Rick finally found a used car that fit his budget. The sedan needed to be fixed, but it had Bluetooth. ### Response:

The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the sedan or Bluetooth. After scouring the classified ads for days, Rick finally found a used car that fit his budget. The sedan had Bluetooth, but it needed to be fixed. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear. After scouring the classified ads for days, Rick finally found a used car that fit his budget. The sedan needed to be fixed, but it had Bluetooth.

### Instruction: Which text uses the word unique in its traditional sense? A: Angie wanted her daughter to have a unique name, so she browsed baby name websites for months to find the perfect one. B: Angie made all of her daughter's baby clothes by hand, including a unique hand-knitted romper that she designed herself. ### Response:

The second text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind. Angie made all of her daughter's baby clothes by hand, including a unique hand-knitted romper that she designed herself. The first text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Angie may have been looking for an unusual name, but if she found it on a baby name website, it is not actually one of a kind. Angie wanted her daughter to have a unique name, so she browsed baby name websites for months to find the perfect one. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard.

### Instruction: Select the plant. A: Loons walk, fly, and swim. B: Walnut trees have many green leaves. C: Yellow jackets drink nectar and fruit. D: Lionfish swim underwater. ### Response:

A yellow jacket is an animal. It drinks nectar and eats fruit. A yellow jacket is an insect. Yellow jackets have two wings. A walnut tree is a plant. It has many green leaves. People pick and eat walnuts from walnut trees. Walnuts are the tree's seeds! A loon is an animal. It walks, flies, and swims. A loon is a bird. Loons live near lakes and dive in the water to hunt for food. A lionfish is an animal. It swims underwater. Lionfish have poisonous venom on the tips of their fins. This poison helps protect lionfish from predators.

### Instruction: Which text uses the word random in its traditional sense? A: Judy made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food. B: At the grocery store, Judy hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food. ### Response:

The second text uses random in its traditional sense: made or occurring without a definite pattern. At the grocery store, Judy hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food. The first text uses random in its nontraditional sense: odd or out of place. Judy made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food. Most style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word random because it is generally considered incorrect.

### Instruction: Select the liquid. A: chalk B: water in a sink C: flower petals D: stuffed rabbit ### Response:

A flower petal is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When a butterfly lands on a flower petal, the petal may bend. But the petal will still have its own shape. Chalk is a solid. You can easily break chalk into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own. A stuffed rabbit is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you hold a stuffed rabbit in your hands, the stuffed rabbit still has a size and shape of its own. The water in a sink is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you move the water from a sink into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.

### Instruction: Which text uses the word terribly in its traditional sense? A: Wesley shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent. B: Wesley shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent. ### Response:

The second text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner. Wesley shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent. The first text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very. Wesley shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.

### Instruction: Which text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense? A: As a geneticist, Dakota enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues. B: As a geneticist, Dakota dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field. ### Response:

The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact. As a geneticist, Dakota dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field. The second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact. As a geneticist, Dakota enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.

### Instruction: Select the bird. A: western gorilla B: red crowned crane C: Asian elephant D: giraffe ### Response:

An Asian elephant is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Elephants live in groups called herds. The oldest female in the herd is usually the leader. A giraffe is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Giraffes eat mostly leaves that are too high up for other animals to reach. A red crowned crane is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Cranes wade in shallow water to look for food. Cranes eat insects, worms, and plants. A western gorilla is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. Gorillas live in groups called troops. The largest male in the troop is usually the leader.

### Instruction: Select the fish. A: shoebill B: golden frog C: bison D: hammerhead shark ### Response:

A hammerhead shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Hammerhead sharks get their names from the shape of their heads. They have a wide, flat head and a small mouth. A golden frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Frogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water. A bison is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. Male bison have horns. They can use their horns to defend themselves. A shoebill is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Shoebills live in tropical East Africa. Shoebills get their name from their shoe-shaped beaks.

### Instruction: Select the living thing. A: orangutan B: skateboard C: paper clip D: soap bubble ### Response:

A paper clip is not a living thing. Paper clips do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. A soap bubble is not a living thing. A soap bubble may grow or pop in response to the world around it. But it does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does not need food. A skateboard is not a living thing. A skateboard does not have all the traits of a living thing. It can move, but it does not grow or respond to the world around it. It does not need food or water. An orangutan is a living thing. Orangutans grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Orangutans are made up of many cells.