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Derek's Home and Business Blog: Have You Tried These Proven Ways To Drive Traffic To Your Blog?
Have You Tried These Proven Ways To Drive Traffic To Your Blog?
Bloggers often complain that their traffic isn't growing as quickly as they'd like it to. But have you really been doing everything you can to improve your clicks? It's not as simple as reading up on search engine optimization and waiting for the techniques you try to work. If you really want to grow traffic, you have to commit time and effort to the cause.
That means trying some techniques that are a little outside the box. Just as you make a commitment when you join a church, you have to commit to growing your traffic. Here's how.
Bloggers can help grow each other's traffic by posting on each other's sites, sharing links and swapping guest posts. The goal is to expose your blog to people who might not have otherwise found it. Make a commitment to commenting on at least five other sites per day, and make sure to include your blog's URL in your comment.
Don't be pushy or annoying in your comments. Don't demand that people come visit your blog. Contribute a thoughtful and intelligent argument if you have good insight on the topic at hand. This will encourage people to check out what you write on a daily basis.
Try experimenting with sites like StumbleUpon, which can bring in a flood of traffic if used correctly. This site invites people to "stumble" upon interesting content that they think others would enjoy. But you have to be careful with the way you use it. If the site thinks you're trying to flag your own content for stumbling, they might ban you from posting.
Depending on what kind of content you publish, consider creating a Pinterest for your blog. Create pictures that capture the essence of your posts or even take a quote from your post and lay it out visually.
Want to know a topic that bloggers find irresistible? Themselves. And considering how many bloggers there are, that can add up to a lot of traffic. Write a post about something relevant to blogging, such as where to find topic ideas, how to grow traffic or even something more technical, like which blogging software to use. It's guaranteed that traffic on that post will take off. People love to read something relevant to themselves, and bloggers tend to be the biggest blog readers.
Don't forget to blog in your own niche and family of bloggers. Guest posts are a great way to target the right traffic to your own blog. Offer other bloggers in your vertical a post swap.
Sometimes it doesn't pay to be the 4,567th blogger to write about Kim and Kanye's new baby. Sometimes to stand out you have to try something really different. If you write about an obscure topic that doesn't get a lot of coverage on the internet, you'll draw in people looking for information on said topic. They won't have a lot of resources to choose from, so they may pick yours.
After you become buddy buddy with some of the other bloggers in your niche, ask them to include your blog in their blogroll. This will become a great way for readers interested in what your write about to find you.
Just like a post swap, offer to put their blog in your blogroll as well. Many times, you'll find a community of bloggers in your niche that interlink to everyone else.
Test out these five ways to increase traffic to your site. Be sure to track your progress in Google Analytics or some other form of analytics for your blog. You'll be amazed at how much traffic you can get with just a little effort.
About The Author: Carl Glasmyre is a freelance writer who writes on a wide selection of topics.
Did you find this article helpful? Do you have any tips to share for increasing blog traffic? Please let Carl and myself know by leaving us your valued comments in the comments section below.
Until my next post on Wednesday on why online marketing is just as important as traditional marketing, have a great week ahead!
Great post on how to drive traffic to your site. Follow these steps and you'll be coming up with higher page rankings and more traffic to your site. Thanks for sharing your SEO wisdom Derek.
You're welcome Jackie and thank you for taking the time to leave a comment. I'm happy that you found the article helpful! :) To your success!
Good stuff. I think my issue is how to make a comment and add my blog link without sound | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.074793 | -1.173852 | -0.593439 | 0.546174 |
What is Talent Maker City?
The future belongs to those who can imagine it. Talent Maker City (TMC) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in Talent, serving Southern Oregon as a regional hub for creative and economic innovation. TMC is working to build and staff a bustling makerspace brimming with creative energy in Talent's downtown district that will offer the space, tools, and resources to better equip our community with the skills to participate in a rapidly changing global economy.
In the meantime, we're serving our community and supporting local makers and business by offering fun and interesting skills-based workshops and classes in our current makerspace (opening Fall 2018 at 304 Main Street) and in various locations around the Rogue Valley.
Already popular in many larger cities throughout the country, makerspaces are do-it-yourself places where people can gather to create, learn, and share ideas. The makerspace membership model is similar to that of a fitness gym. Instead of treadmills and weights, however, a makerspace offers access to a wide array of tools, technology, and space in which to create meaningful art and develop do-it-yourself skills. Further, instead of personal trainers and yoga classes, makerspaces offer training and support for any number of creative and technical endeavors, from throwing a clay pot, to experienced guidance in prototyping an invention, to developing a sound business plan, to marketing and selling that invention.
Provides an open environment for intergenerational and cross-cultural learning, innovation and creative expression.
For those wanting to learn more about makerspaces in general, here's a fantastic recent radio interview featuring Kelley Roy from Portland's premier makerspace, Art Design Portland (ADX). Kelley is a consultant for Talent Maker City. For additional resources about the maker movement, please see our last FAQ here.
What kinds of tools does the makerspace have?
Lots! And we're acquiring more every day. Someday in the not-too-distant future we'll have a wide variety of tools from hand planes to lasers cutters, sewing machines to 3D printers. If you've got any special requests, donations, or ideas, email us! We can't guarantee everything for everyone, but we'll do our best.
What are TMC's Mission and Vision?
Our Mission: Talent Maker City is an inclusive, nonprofit organization bringing environmentally responsible, sustainable economic growth to the region by providing the facilities and resources to serve Southern Oregon as a hub for technical innovation, creative entrepreneurship, and STEAM-oriented collaborative learning for curious minds of all ages.
Our Vision: Talent Maker City's vision is to establish a community-accessible, environmentally responsible maker ecosystem that removes barriers and inspires artists, makers, and manufacturers to create, market, and sell their goods.
What is a "Maker City" and how did Talent become one?
March 2016: Against long odds, Etsy.com (the global online retailer of handcrafted goods) selected a group from Talent, along with 12 other North American cities from among 126 applicant cities to participate in its inaugural MakerCities Summit. The Talent City Council voted to pay travel expenses to send a planning commissioner and the Mayor to attend the Summit in Brooklyn, New York, to learn how to promote the City's economic development.
May 2016: During the intensive two-day MakerCities Summit, Etsy guided workshops and brought in a diverse lineup of speakers to espouse the idea that there's untapped opportunity for local municipalities to engage and support their local makers to ultimately change the way we all create, buy, and sell goods.
By far the smallest city selected to participate in the MakerCities Summit, the Talent contingent returned home on a mission to adapt what we learned in Brooklyn to fit the needs of own community and rebrand Talent as a regional hub for creative, technical, and cultural innovation.
December 2016: Talent Maker City was formed in response to the needs and objectives expressed in the Comprehensive Plan. The original group formally adopted Articles of Incorporation, By | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 1.095729 | -0.436467 | 0.879694 | 1.898327 |
laws and policies, installed its Board of Directors and was recognized by the IRS as an official 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.
On July 1, 2018, TMC moved into a 3700 sq ft leased commercial space in downtown Talent! (Next door to the Grotto, across from the Pump House). After the initial 90 days of renovations (painting, carpet removal, sealing concrete, updating light fixtures and other electrical, plumbing and ventilation renovations) we plan to be open for business in Fall 2018 and be in this space for about 2-3 years until we build our bigger, purpose-built "forever" home in Talent.
Membership-based access to tools and space: TMC provides a collaborative workspace priced at different membership levels, for makers to create in space they don't otherwise have, on otherwise inaccessible equipment, alongside other creatives.
Skills-based education: We will continue to develop and deliver hands-on programs, in collaboration with local school districts and community colleges, to offer early exposure to STEAM-based skills that promote vocational training enrollment and help build a more qualified local workforce.
Economic development: TMC will serve as a launchpad for new and established maker microbusinesses, from starting up to scaling local operations.
What has TMC been working on?
Since its formal inception in December 2016, TMC has worked to continually assess and ensure broad and sustained community support for its work, beyond a small group of founding creatives. TMC has laid the groundwork for its success by building diverse capacity in its leadership, establishing a strong network of partnerships in local government, industry and education sectors, designing community needs assessments, and mindfully adapting to feedback from current and potential supporters.
TMC is currently collaborating with our local government (Talent Urban Renewal Agency and the City of Talent) to jointly develop an innovative approach to meet the needs that the community has articulated (and the City has codified in its 20-year plan for economic development) in constructing a makerspace in the heart of a revitalized downtown district.
TMC has also built strong relationships with regional education organizations to support and expand Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Math (STEAM) proficiency, both in and out of the classroom.
In addition to curriculum development, TMC has been actively partnering with local and statewide education and business organizations to develop programming to guide artists and makers in bringing their goods to market.
As a result of our early successes, TMC now consistently partners with established organizations such as ScienceWorks, Rogue Climate, Southern Oregon Education District, the Talent Chamber of Commerce and others. TMC was a headlining contributor in the 2017 Rogue Valley Mini Maker Fair. In the Spring of 2017, we were a headlining contributor providing a children's educational craft tent at the Rogue Valley Earth Day (RVED) festival. For the 2018 event, we have increased our involvement by becoming the fiscal sponsor for RVED, while again running the hands-on educational craft tent.
We also are integrated in just about every other community event, such as hosting a Fix-It-Fair, participating in Clean Energy Alley at the Talent Harvest Festival, Day of the Dead Race Event, as well as hosting our first annual Holiday Maker Market and planning for our second Maker Market.
STEAM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics. You've probably heard it referred to as STEM is the context of education and industry. We like to include Art to better represent our integrated approach to cross-discipline exposure and collaboration.
There are lots of ways to get involved! Volunteering is a great way to lend a hand and get familiar with what TMC does and who we serve. We welcome volunteers for everything from collecting signatures for a petition to leading maker workshops. Another way to get involved is through donations. Money, tools, materials, your valuable time, we'll gladly take what we can get!
Yes! We offer skills-based workshops at a variety of locations. A schedule of upcoming workshops and events can be found here. If you're interested in leading a workshop in your field of expertise, let's talk!
"Creative pla | [
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Open Research Community
News, Open Research Library Blog
Intellectual Property, Private Law and International Legislation
This edited volume inquires into the trans-border intellectual property jurisdiction, litigation and enforcement issues based in legal principles and frameworks deriving from the European Union, the United States and Japan.
Pablo Markin
Community Manager, Open Research Community
Edited by Jürgen Basedow, Toshiyuki Kono and Axel Metzger, this collected volume, titled Intellectual Property in the Global Arena, explores legal principles and jurisprudence initiatives in the domain of the private international law of intellectual property. In recent decades, these topics have been much debated both in Europe and around the world. For instance, the Article 8 of the "Rome II" Regulation of 2007, which codifies a territorial approach to the instances of the infringement of intellectual property rights, has provoked an intensive discussion in Europe as to whether the lex loci protectionis principle, which enshrines the rights of the countries of protection, further anchored in the Rome II regulation, is still appropriate for intellectual property litigation in the age of worldwide networks. A condensed outcome of this debate is summarized in the »Principles for Conflict of Laws in Intellectual Property« (CLIP Principles) drafted by the European Max Planck Group on Conflict of Laws in Intellectual Property (CLIP), while being published as a second preliminary draft in 2009 and finalized in 2011. On the international scale, the American Law Institute's »Intellectual Property: Principles Governing Jurisdiction, Choice of Law, and Judgments in Transnational Disputes« of 2007 (ALI Principles) are the focal point of the debate. In a similar fashion, a Japanese »Transparency Proposal« project has sought to provide information on Japanese law related to international business conducted in English, which was finalized in 2009. The aim of this edited book, thus, is to comment on the interpretation and gap-filling of international and domestic law in relation to these principles and proposals as models for national and international legislators. To achieve that aim, this volume provides a comparative analysis of the three proposals. As part of this, it compiles papers presented at an international conference held in Tokyo in May 2009.
Topical Spotlight
In his opening chapter to this book, Jürgen Basedow introduces the overarching topics it covers by highlighting that "[i]ntellectual property and the conflict of laws have developed as two separate bodies of law. Their mutual relation has been the object of occasional – though increasingly frequent – academic contributions, but not very often of statutory regulation. Only in recent times have conflict legislators given an eye to intellectual property: the Austrian Act on Private International Law of 1978 contains special provisions on rights in intangibles, and so do inter alia the Swiss Act of 1987, the Italian Act of 1995, the Korean Act of 2001, and the Belgian Act of 2004. In 2007, the European Union dealt with the infringement of intellectual property rights (IP rights) in Article 8 of its Rome II Regulation on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations" (Basedow, 2010, pp. 3-5).
In his chapter on ALI principles, intellectual property and cross-border litigation, François Dessemontet has added that, "[f]rom the inception of intellectual property, that is at the end of the XVth century for patents, XVIth century for copyright privileges and somewhat earlier for trademarks, each Sovereign has granted rights according to the best interests of his State. The aim was to promote industry and commerce within these national borders and these antique legislations were effective only within the domestic, often narrow borders. The paradigm changed in the mid XIXth century. Then great trading States such as England and France obtained through bilateral negotiations with less powerful partners like Russia, Belgium or Switzerland an extensive protection for their authors or inventors, sometimes even trademark owners" (Dessemontet, 2010, p. 32).
Likewise, in his chapter on the international enforcement of territorial rights, Christian Heinze has indicated that in relation to "the past, we have seen that a public-law-inspired territoriality approach has traditionally governed intellectual property law. For juris | [
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diction, the consequence of this strict territoriality concept has been that intellectual property, the most flexible and incorporeal form of property, has been treated essentially in the same manner as land, the most inflexible and corporeal form of property. In essence, each state claimed exclusive jurisdiction for disputes concerning its own intellectual property rights and declined any jurisdiction over foreign intellectual property rights" (Heinze, 2010, p. 54).
In their discussion of intellectual property (IP) cases, Shigeki Chaen, Toshiyuki Kono and Dai Yokomizo suggest that "[j]urisdictional issues are […] complicated given the fact that certain aspects such as registration and validity of intellectual property rights might be subject to exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of a granting country. The Legislative Proposal of the Transparency Project (hereinafter referred to as "the Transparency Proposal") tries to strike the balance between the sovereignty considerations and efficient IP dispute resolution […] [in relation to which issues] peculiar to adjudication of cross-border intellectual property disputes" (Chaen, Kono and Yokomizo, 2010, pp. 78-79) can arise. In this context, Axel Metzger provides further background by focusing on "[t]erritoriality [that] has undoubtedly been the leading approach from the early days of protection of intellectual property. […] Some early voices pleaded in the 1970s for a universalist concept of intellectual property – at least for copyright law – pointing to the continental theory of copyright as a personal right on the one hand and to the practical problems arising from the territorial approach in multistate situations on the other hand. But these early universalists always kept their status as an endangered minority. Few lawmakers followed their ideas, and if courts applied one single law to multistate situations, they often corrected the consequences of the lex originis by reference to the public policy of the forum. Therefore, most authors rejected the universalists' approach and stuck with the traditional territorial concept. According to the predominant theory, it was the state authority that created intellectual property rights, whether by individual decision of the state's authorities, especially the trademark or patent office, or by general legislation granting property rights in the fields of arts and sciences" (Metzger, 2010, pp. 157-158).
In their article on territoriality-based applicable laws, Ryu Kojima, Ryo Shimanami, Mari Nagata summarize the topics upon which this volume touches by exploring applicable legal principles in the United States, the European Union and Japan, while stressing that "[a]pplicable law to various aspects of cross-border exploitation of intellectual property rights has been at the center of recent discussions among private international law and intellectual property law scholars" (Kojima, Shimanami, and Nagata, 2010, p. 181). Similarly, in his contribution on IP litigation and its enforcement, Pedro A. de Miguel Asensio concludes that "[l]itigating multinational infringements in the courts of a single country or even suing an alleged infringer in a country other than where her or his assets are located creates situations in which rights and duties are determined in judgments that may require recognition in foreign jurisdictions. Hence, the development of appropriate principles in the area of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is essential for an effective protection of IP rights in the international sphere" (de Miguel Asensio, 2020, p. 240).
Published by Mohr Siebeck in 2010, Intellectual Property in the Global Arena, edited by Jürgen Basedow, Toshiyuki Kono and Axel Metzger, has become available in Open Access at the Open Research Library in early 2020, as part of the KU Select 2019: HSS Backlist Books collection.
Basedow, Jürgen. Foundations of Private International Law in Intellectual Property. In Basedow, Jürgen, Toshiyuki Kono, and Axel Metzger, eds. Intellectual Property in the Global Arena: Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, and the Recognition of Judgments in Europe, Japan and the US, 3-30. Mohr Siebeck, 2010. Accessed December 10, 2020. https://openresearchlibrary.org | [
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.
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de Miguel Asensio, Pedro A. Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Intellectual Property Litigation: The CLIP Principles. In Basedow, Jürgen, Toshiyuki Kono, and Axel Metzger, eds. Intellectual Property in the Global Arena: Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, and the Recognition of Judgments in Europe, Japan and the US, 239-340. Mohr Siebeck, 2010. Accessed December 10, 2020. https://openresearchlibrary.org.
Dessemontet, François. The ALI Principles: Intellectual Property in Transborder Litigation. In Basedow, Jürgen, Toshiyuki Kono, and Axel Metzger, eds. Intellectual Property in the Global Arena: Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, and the Recognition of Judgments in Europe, Japan and the US, 31-48. Mohr Siebeck, 2010. Accessed December 10, 2020. https://openresearchlibrary.org.
Heinze, Christian. A Framework for International Enforcement of Territorial Rights: The CLIP Principles on Jurisdiction. In Basedow, Jürgen, Toshiyuki Kono, and Axel Metzger, eds. Intellectual Property in the Global Arena: Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, and the Recognition of Judgments in Europe, Japan and the US, 53-76. Mohr Siebeck, 2010. Accessed December 10, 2020. https://openresearchlibrary.org.
Basedow, Jürgen, Toshiyuki Kono, and Axel Metzger, eds. Intellectual Property in the Global Arena: Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, and the Recognition of Judgments in Europe, Japan and the US. Mohr Siebeck, 2010. Accessed December 10, 2020. https://openresearchlibrary.org.
Ryu Kojima, Ryo Shimanami, Mari Nagata. Applicable Law under the CLIP Principles: A Pragmatic Revaluation of Territoriality. In Basedow, Jürgen, Toshiyuki Kono, and Axel Metzger, eds. Intellectual Property in the Global Arena: Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, and the Recognition of Judgments in Europe, Japan and the US, 179-228. Mohr Siebeck, 2010. Accessed December 10, 2020. https://openresearchlibrary.org.
Metzger, Axel. Applicable Law under the CLIP Principles: A Pragmatic Revaluation of Territoriality. In Basedow, Jürgen, Toshiyuki Kono, and Axel Metzger, eds. Intellectual Property in the Global Arena: Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, and the Recognition of Judgments in Europe, Japan and the US, 157-178. Mohr Siebeck, 2010. Accessed December 10, 2020. https://openresearchlibrary.org.
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WIPO International Conference on Intellectual Property and Development – Session 3, Sécheron, Genève, Canton de Genève, Switzerland, May 20, 2019 | © Courtesy of Emmanuel Berrod/World Intellectual Property Organization/Flickr.
Early Career Researchers Demonstrate an Awareness of Open Access, Country- and Discipline-Level Variation in its Adoption
Overlapping Lay and Professional Constituencies of Open Access Publishing in | [
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Andy Murray's Grand Slam final misery continued on Sunday as the British No 1 was comprehensively beaten by Novak Djokovic at the Australian Open.
Murray looked out of sorts from the off and was second best throughout a one-sided encounter as Djokovic followed up his 2008 success in Melbourne with a 6-4, 6-2, 6-3 triumph in two hours and 39 minutes.
Murray has now appeared in three grand slam finals and is yet to win a set - a record in the open era - with this latest setback likely to be the hardest to stomach.
Andy Murray became the first male player in tennis history not to win a single set in his first three Grand Slam finals on Sunday, after his heavy defeat to Novak Djokovic.
The British No 1 also lost in three sets to Roger Federer at the 2008 US Open, and last year's final in Melbourne.
The first two defeats, at the US Open in 2008 and here 12 months ago, saw him lose to an overwhelming favourite in Roger Federer but he came into this contest seemingly on a par with Djokovic.
But what transpired will haunt Murray for some time. His first serve percentage was a lowly 53%, his groundstrokes continually missed their target, his body language was negative while his movement, so often his strength, proved another weakness with his footwork frequently bordering on the amateurish.
Murray's travails should not detract from Djokovic's achievement, however. He has been knocking on the door ever since his win over Jo-Wilfried Tsonga here three years ago but often saw his quest for a second major flounder against either Federer or Rafael Nadal - arguably the two greatest players of all time. But his greater desire ensured he was not to be denied this time.
Murray at least competed in the first set as the two men probed for a weakness in a nervy opening. The 23-year-old from Dunblane had to overcome an awful start, losing the first six points, before saving a break point to make it 1-1.
The match remained on serve until 4-5 at which point it started to go wrong for Murray. The alarm bells were ringing at 15-30 on the Scot's serve and the situation became even more dangerous when a fantastic 38-shot rally, which saw both players take and lose the initiative, went the way of Djokovic as he brought up two set points. And Murray was unable to come through, a long forehand proving to be out after a challenge.
With the first set in the bag, Djokovic was starting to cut loose and, after holding serve easily, two booming groundstrokes, one off each side, handed him a break point and the chance to further strengthen his grip on the match.
Murray saved it with a big first serve but a netted backhand presented Djokovic with a second opportunity which, having used Hawk-Eye to prove an ace was out, he took by easily chasing down a poor drop-shot before ripping a cross-court winner.
Another comfortable hold from Djokovic quickly saw him establish a 3-0 lead and extend his run of consecutive games won to five.
Murray was starting to implode and the Scot handed Djokovic a double break and a 4-0 advantage with an awful game which contained three unforced errors, two off the forehand side. Djokovic was in no mood to let up and he made it 5-0 before Murray finally got on the board courtesy of a big ace out wide.
Belatedly, Murray got his first break of the match to pull it back to 5-2 but it proved to be brief respite as a stunning forehand on the run gave Djokovic a set point which he converted when the Briton netted a forehand.
Murray desperately needed a good start to the third set if he was salvage anything from what was starting to become a chastening experience. And he got precisely that as, after Djokovic missed a makeable drive volley on game point, he set up a break point and took it with a fantastic forehand down the line.
But the hangdog expression was quick to return as he promptly threw away his advantage when, from 30-30, Murray looped a terrible forehand wide and then | [
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The Australian Army has operated numerous ships and watercraft.
Vessel classifications
AB - Army Barges & Landing Craft
AH - Army Sea Ambulances
AK - Army Ketches and Schooners
AL - Army Luggers
AM - Army Motor Launches
AS - Army Ships & Army Trawlers
AT - Army Tugs
AV - Army Vessels
Currently active ships/vessels
AM 1353 Coral Snake
14 x LCM-8 landing craft
12 x LARC-V amphibious cargo vehicle
Former vessels
A
AM4 Australian Sun
AM18 Air Wave Destroyed by fire 28 March 1944
AS23 Amiriya
AM38 Amity
AM47 Aphlow
AM51 Anna B
AT71 Acme
AT80 Active
AM88 Avalon
AK82 Alma Doepel
AK94 Abel Tasman
AK96 Arga
AT99 Alexandra
AK121 Ardetta
AD155 Alan
AD155 Alf returned to owner
AL215 Aroha Lost at sea 3 May 1943
AL222 Alidine
AL224 Alcia transferred to RAAF June 1943
AL231 Arawa transferred to RAAF June 1943
AL233 Athalia
AL236 Adiana
AL244 Amy
AL270 Agatha
AM485 Ann
AM492 Ad
AM496 Ainavia
AM543 Aspro
AM546 Aero
AK553 Aramia
AM557 Annabelle
AM568 Ailsa
AM1475 Alatna
AV1356 Ashburton
B
AL 229 Beatrice
AV 1354 Brudenell White
AT 167 Bucra
C
AV 1356 Clive Steele
AV 2767 Crusader
AS 16 Curzon. On March 17, 1943, at Tufi jetty, in Papua while unloading supplies just astern of PT67 and PT119 (of the US Navy), caught fire and was destroyed. PT 67 and PT 119 were also destroyed.
D
AV 2082 Dora
E
AS 28 Elive Star
AV 2075 Emily
AV 2058 Ermine
F
AB 442 Francis Peat
AT 2382 Freda
G
AV 1355 Gascoyne
AB 20 George Peat
AV 1358 Greenough
AV 279 Gundiah
H
AV 1353 Harry Chauvel
J
AT 2700 Joe Mann
AS 3051 John Monash
K
AB 97 Kalang
L
AS 129 Lady Ruth
AV 1369 Lagunta
AS3050 "Lerida" 66 feet Wooden Cargo Vessel (Trawler Design)
M
AS 1742 Macalva
AM 50 Malmar
AT 2383 Mollymawk
MSL 252
AV 1354 Murchison
N
AS 6 Nurls
R
AM 417 Ross Gillett
T
AT 2701 The Luke
AL 228 Timena
V
AV 1355 Vernon Sturdee
W
AS 21 Wavell
AM 41 Windsong I
Y
AB 2 Yashima Maru
Further reading
Askey, M. W., 1998. 'By the mark five' : a definitive history of the participation of Australian Water Transport Units in World War II. Turramurra, N.S.W.: Murray David.
Ross Gillett, 1983. Australian & New Zealand warships, 1914-1945. Sydney: Doubleday Australia.
Australian Water Transport Association, 1990. Soldiers at sea : an unofficial history of the Australian Water Transport Units of the Royal Australian | [
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] | 1,024 | Wikipedia | -1.037164 | -0.39583 | 1.729682 | -0.707003 |
A butterfly sat motionless on the airport runway as a huge jumbo jet thundered towards it.
The earth shuddered as the monster approached, but effortlessly that little butterfly with a couple of swift movements fluttered out of its path.
That jumbo jet worth hundred of millions of dollars with all its sophisticated computer equipment and powerful engines can travel thousands of times faster than the butterfly, shift hundreds of people around the planet effortlessly on its wings - but anyone of us would choose instantly to be the butterfly than the jumbo for one simple reason: the butterfly has life.
The dead matter that is the jumbo is encaged by its lack of life, and the butterfly has the potential for freedom and infinite potential because of its spark of life.
This is the real nature of meditation, the discovery of our innermost nature that sets everyone of us free, for the real nature of life is freedom.
Our problem is we look outside for ourselves. We somehow fall into the idea that we will discover our satisfaction by 'doing things' or reaching for some kind of material or career goals, that our soul will magically somehow become visible to us in the sheer unfolding of life. It does not. We simply must turn our eyes inward to see our soul.
There is no other way. While we encage ourselves with our search for gratification outside, we deny ourselves the infinite freedom within.
Interesting that we are known as 'human beings'. The only other 'beings' usually referred to are 'beings' from other planets or perhaps God-like 'beings'. It is not common for other animals to be referred to in this way – we do not usually speak of dog 'beings' or fish 'beings'.
The dictionary refers to 'being' as 'a person or thing that exists or the state of existing'. Why are we known in this manner?
It is amusing because in the spiritual context 'being' is exactly the point. It is very easy to philosophize and talk and muse about all kinds of deep spiritual perspectives, but from the point of view of our actual spiritual progress, what we 'be' is the most important thing.
That is, how we live our spirituality. Perhaps a better description of the human condition would be 'human doings'.
The common reality of humanity is a concentration on 'doing' and 'having' and grabbing and possessing, with little focus on who we are and what we are 'being'. To truly live our spiritual life is the most important principle these classes could proffer.
To make a change in our lives, as you remember, requires the efficient utilization of the change cyclel (awareness, willingness, potential, action and result – class 5) To make that change lasting, requires 'being'.
It's another really simple idea, but extremely powerful. Being requires us to change our state of mind permanently.
Now that probably doesn't sound too hard, but, believe me, it is. The thing your ego holds onto most fervently is your present state of mind and it will defend it to the death. So you need to practice this often.
It is a skill that is learned and is the basis of any true spiritual life.
For example, to 'be' loving requires the absence of fear which is the opposite of love as a starting point. We need to have pure trust and pure faith as the foundations. And we need to open our heart and radiate the flow of love from the depths of our own innermost self.
To do this as a meditation exercise, you could try and consciously work on all of those elements. We could start by accepting that we have fear to release but empowering ourselves with the belief that we can be perfectly loving (awareness and willingness increasing potential).
A simple way to approach this might be to visualize ourselves connecting with the perfect flow of love that is our real nature on our inward breath and letting go of any fear or anxiety on the outward breath. This could be defined as the action of loving.
Then it is for us to analyse the result with positive empowerment. We could explore the qualities of unconditional trust and perfect faith as a result of the unconditional loving process. This simple little exercise would be the beginning of 'being' loving.
Gradually as we practise we would find ourselves becoming more loving and less fearful and in the end a perfectly radiating 'being'.
Most of us are very familiar with the value of goals. There simply is no better way to achieve objectives than to set goals.
For | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 1.639142 | 0.1434 | -0.624372 | 1.028092 |
Lots more first appearances in this issus: both Mon Mothma (who has blue/black hair instead of strawberry blond) and Admiral Acrobat appear for the first time, as does Rebel General Madine also appears for the first time. Of the three, Ackbar & Mon Mothma will have the larger recurring presence in the comic book series following this adaptation.
The Imperial Scout/Biker troops (and their speeder bikes), one of the more cooler Stormtrooper variations in terms of design, appear for the first time in this issue.
Perhaps most notably, this issue introduces the Ewoks to the series. Certainly divisive amongst fans, the Ewoks were nevertheless the breakout stars of the film from a marketing/merchandising/licensing perspective, and will be featured both in the regular comic book series, as well as receive their own series as part of Marvel's juvenile Star Comics imprint (which will technically be a tie-in to the post-Jedi Ewoks animated series).
Leia's encounter with Wicket isn't depicted (but it is referenced), which is funny considering Wicket will be the star of that later Ewoks series (as well as a pair of made-for-TV movies which represent the zenith of LucasFilm's post-Jedi, pre-Special Edition Star Wars output).
Leia also calls the Ewoks as such, something which doesn't happen in the film (during which the name "Ewok" is never used).
Leia learns that Luke is her brother, and Vader her father, in this issue (the scene Han being all jealous of Luke & Leia is omitted); hopefully, this will put a stop to the awkward Luke/Leia/Han love triangle moments that still pop up in the main series from time-to-time once and for all.
As in the movie, Vader notes that Luke has constructed a new lightsaber (despite the fact that Luke has been using a lightsaber in the main series despite having "lost" it in Empire, because Marvel was lazy), which is incorrectly colored with a red blade here (and Vader is also holding it upside down in this panel).
The issue opens, as the others, with a title page featuring a Bill Sienkiewicz image.
And of course it closes with a series of pinups, including one featuring the new TIE Interceptors, which haven't appeared in the story itself yet.
In a bit of dialogue that doesn't appear in the film, Han teases Lando about signing up to lead the attack on the Death Star.
Leia calls Han your "generalship" upon learning about his promotion.
Han offering to let Lando take the Falcon for the attack on the Death Star reads a lot differently after having read 40ish issues in which Lando was flying around in the Falcon in Han's place.
Of all the things to depict via a full page splash, Han decking an Imperial Scout trooper seems an odd choice.
This issue features some of the most significant cuts from the film (aside from issue #2's odd choice to not make it clear that Yoda died), as Leia's entire encounter with Wicket is excised, thus cutting eliminating from the adaptation one of the characters who will go on to become one of the most significant characters in the nascent post-Jedi Expanded Universe. It seems doubtful this was a case of Goodwin working off an outdated script (as otherwise Leia showing up at the Ewok village comes off less suprising than it does nonsensical), but more likely was born of his desire to get all the pre-climax Endor material into one issue and end on the cliffhanger of Luke surrending to Vader. After all, Goodwin had no way of knowing the unnamed Ewok who befriended Leia would go on to headling a comic book, animated series and two TV movies in the aftermath of the film.
We find out what happened to Biggs Wedge in Star Wars #78.
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But still, I gotta say it: I'd read an entire miniseries about "Admiral Acrobat."
Once in a while a typo and/or autocorrect blesses us with a truly great name.
I'll tell you one thing for certain: Admiral Acrobat would've found a way to avoid getting sucked out a window in THE | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | -0.11608 | -0.235553 | 1.424834 | -0.710323 |
When someone learns that I am both a full-time freelance writer and a full-time stay-at-home dad (SAHD), I typically receive one of two possible reactions. One group of people assume that my wife automatically takes on all of the baby-raising responsibilities and it's effectively business as usual for me. These are the same kind of people that assume freelancing and working from home is like one extended vacation.
The other group of people, which includes both parents and non-parents alike, question how I am able to get any work done at all as a new work-at-home dad (WAHD). They recognize that taking care of a newborn is a 24-hour affair that involves lots of diaper changes, interaction time, laundry, household chores, errands and the rest of it. To these people, I half-jokingly respond by saying that I don't get any work done at all.
That's with tongue firmly planted in cheek, of course, as the reality of the situation is somewhere between these two extremes.
You may recall when I commented on the challenge of maintaining a reasonable level of productivity in the first couple weeks of having little Adalynn. At the time, I said that the net effect on my productivity was somewhat ambiguous. Due to the unpredictable nature of baby-raising, I could be pulled away from my desk at a moment's notice to change a diaper or soothe a crying baby. This also forced me to increase my focus when I was at my desk, making for shorter, more intense work sessions.
In a sense, I was already experimenting with the Pomodoro technique in a much less structured manner. Those early days and weeks made for a decidedly difficult transition, as I really had little idea what to expect as a new WAHD. It doesn't matter how much you read or how much advice you receive; until you live it yourself, you really don't know.
And now that I have "lived it" for six months, I can look back and look ahead to my new life as a work-from-home dad.
My productivity is still largely unstructured and strategically sporadic. It has become easier for me to "enjoy" extended work sessions, partly because Susanne is taking on more of the baby-raising responsibilities and partly because Adalynn's schedule has become more predictable. Adalynn can go longer between feeds and she produces fewer dirty diapers. She also sleeps longer through the night, which helps tremendously.
This being said, my work day still faces a number of interruptions. While some of these do detract from my productive hours, they are also welcome and ultimately better for my overall well-being. We run errands and we go shopping at the mall, for instance. All this means is that I "make up" those "lost" work hours later on in the evening, perhaps when the little one has gone to bed.
From a psychological perspective, I oftentimes find myself stuck between a rock and a hard place. When I put my nose to the grindstone in front of the computer, I feel guilty for not spending the time with my wife and daughter. When I go to play, interact or bond with the little one, I feel guilty for not working and not "providing" for my family. I also recognize that these precious moments are few and far between, offering invaluable experiences that no amount of earned income can replace.
I was there when Adalynn was finally happy about tummy time. I was there when she rolled over. I was there for her immunizations. I was there when she tried eating solids for the first time.
So, here I am. Despite the relative lack of personal time to explore personal interests and hobbies, I feel like I have found an acceptable balance between the requirements of work and the responsibilities of fatherhood… at least for now. The exact circumstances for this WAHD will continue to change, to be sure, and I hope I will be up to the challenge.
I'm five years into child raising with twin daughters and I have good news – it does get easier! My daughters' second birthday was a turning point at which point I had significantly more time to pursue personal interests outside of child-rearing and trying to stay awake outside of that time to make money to support my family. It does get easier!
That's what I've been told. I'll believe it when I see it.
From my perspective Michael you have it made. I have missed a lot of what | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 1.0115 | -0.696267 | -0.988845 | 0.64104 |
PD Still Searching For Suspect In Murder Of Fitness Instructor Missy Bevers
UPDATED | May 20, 2016 11:02 AM May 20, 2016 at 10:48 am
Filed Under:Fitness Instructor, midlothian, Midlothian Police Department, Missy Bevers, Murder Investigation, Unsolved Murder
Follow CBSDFW.COM: Facebook | Twitter
MIDLOTHIAN (CBSDFW.COM) – Officials with the Midlothian Police Department say they are still diligently investigating the murder of fitness instructor Missy Bevers, but so far they still have no suspect/suspects in the case.
During a media event on Friday, Midlothian Assistant Chief Kevin Johnson said, "Despite the tips we've already received we continue to rely on the public's help."
Terri "Missy" Bevers, 45, was found dead inside the Creekside Church in Midlothian on the morning of April 18. Bevers was scheduled to hold a bootcamp at the church that morning. Her body was discovered by one of the fitness class participants. It was later determined that she died from a head wound.
Assistant Chief Johnson did say that none of Bevers family; friends or co-workers are considered suspects in the murder.
As it stands, investigators say all of the leads, generated from residential and commercial cameras, have been exhausted — except one. Police say they'd like to speak to the owner/driver of a vehicle caught on camera.
"The last remaining lead involves a car that pulls into the SWFA Sporting Goods parking lot at approximately 2 a.m. They're seen pulling into the parking lot and leaving just a few minutes later," Johnson said. "We believe that car is a 2010 to 2012 Nisan Altima, it's light in color – possibly silver."
Vehicle of interest, murder investigation of Missy Bevers, 2010-12 silver or lt color Nissan Altima w/oval sticker. pic.twitter.com/UUs2oCL34t
— Midlothian Police (@MidlothianPD) May 20, 2016
While police stress they don't think the car in question is involved in Bever's murder, they'd like to talk to the person/persons inside to see if they have any memory about that morning.
On Friday, police did give more information regarding the description of the suspect. They say that through forensic video reconstruction they have determined the individual stands somewhere between 5'2" and 5'7". While they don't know the gender or race of the individual, they say the person appears to have lighter skin.
Surveillance video of the suspect inside the church showed a person wearing what looks like "police tactical gear," including a helmet, vest and gloves. But police say the clothes aren't specific to any branch of law enforcement. Assistant Chief Johnson said, "It's been described as SWAT gear, it's been described as tactical gear, it's been described as ballistic gear, we don't want to commit to anything specific that we don't know for certain."
Johnson admitted the investigation has been difficult and frustrating. "We want an arrest as bad as anybody in this case. We want to bring that sense of safety back to the community and resolve this for the family as well as our community and the public in general."
The Assistant Chief said he is optimistic the murder case will be solved. "It's hard to get away with murder nowadays and we think that somebody eventually will know something and they'll come forward. As long as there's any possible work to be done we'll remain in an active mode. We don't expect that to end anytime soon, until we catch the killer."
Anyone who believes they have information about the murder of Missy Bevers or the wanted suspect is asked to call Midlothian police at 972-775-7624. Anonymous tips can also be made by calling Ellis County Crime Stoppers, at 972-937-7297.
(©2016 CBS Local Media, a division of CBS Radio Inc. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or | [
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In forming our perspectives on the eHealth readiness of the allied health sector, we utilised both quantitative and qualitative primary research sources, supplemented by secondary research as appropriate.
An effective survey requires both a clear understanding of hypotheses, as well as a set of questions that address – and can support or disprove - these hypotheses. To inform our hypotheses, we conducted an extensive scan of international examples of eHealth initiatives and stakeholder challenges encountered. We then built issue trees to ensure we had a complete landscape of potential areas to test, and enable us to then focus on those we felt were of critical importance. Further detail on these issue trees is contained in Exhibits 34-36.
These initial hypotheses were then translated into survey questions, and tested in approximately 15 allied health practitioner interviews. These interviews served the dual purpose of both refining the initial hypotheses and ensuring the survey questions were interpreted by the audience as intended.
In conducting the survey, we used a combination of approaches to ensure sample biases were avoided, and the results for each profession type would be representative of the each profession. Further detail on our statistical approach is found in the conducting the allied health survey section below.
The insights and recommendations are being developed from analysis of the raw survey data (a very preliminary work in progress draft is included in this interim report), and will be refined with and enriched with an additional approximately 25 deep-structured interviews with practitioners once the survey has closed. The analysis and interpretation of the research results will also be syndicated and refined via engagement of key stakeholders (including DoHA and NeHTA decision makers and clinical leads with a direct interest in the survey results), either individually or in workshops. This will allow us to probe and refine initial conclusions, and define and test potential engagement strategy options given those conclusions. Finally, a literature search of available secondary data will be used to support or challenge hypotheses and assumptions arising from the research.
Below is a more detailed description of the statistical methodology used in conducting the survey.
To ensure this report serves as an independent assessment of the eHealth readiness of allied health practitioners, we employed a quantitative and qualitative survey of professionals in the industry as primary data source for this report (as opposed to relying on anecdotal evidence or literature reviews).
The primary data item is an assessment of the overall readiness of Australian allied health to adopt and use eHealth technologies and solutions, including the primary drivers of, and barriers to, adoption.
Our primary research approach was informed by the experience of several national peak bodies, special interest groups and other organisations with a professional interest in the content of this report. Where appropriate, the input of these bodies was considered in the formation of this report, with an understanding of the experience each organization or group brought to bear in providing their input.
Secondary data sources for this research include background data from other institutions including but not limited to Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Health Workforce Advisory Committee, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Department of Health and Ageing, Medicare Australia, National eHealth Transition Authority, National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission.
Are Australian allied health practitioners ready to adopt and use eHealth technologies and solutions, both today and in a way consistent with future policy direction?
The survey target population is the entire Australian allied health workforce. According to the ABS Labour Force Survey 2008, this comprises approximately 127,200 individuals within the 15 practitioner specialties: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health workers, Audiologists, Chiropractors, Dental health professionals, Dietetics, Exercise Physiologists, Occupational therapists, Optometrists, Osteopaths Physiotherapists, Podiatrists, Psychologists, Radiographers, Social workers, and Speech pathologists.
The survey involved creating a list of possible respondents with the primary information as practitioner name, specialty, gender and contact details. Typically each practitioner will also have a postcode, although many work across multiple postcodes, with their appropriate region determined during the survey.
The frame aims for as complete a coverage of the target population as possible. Based on the contracted survey provider's past experience, there are expected to be fewer than 5% of the respondents out of business, and fewer than 5% will be out of scope.
Approximately 10% of | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.711265 | 1.303619 | 1.041084 | 2.839396 |
the total population are expected to have previously opted out of participating in market research. However, the support of the allied health and various sector peak national bodies is expected to reduce this incidence.
The primary limitations of sampling will be (i) practitioners who do not have their contact details listed through directories or peak national bodies, and (ii) practitioners who specifically opt out of survey participation.
There are no efficient actions to fully counteract (i) although their prevalence is considered low for allied health practitioners. Typically peak national bodies comprise 70-100% of the practitioner workforce, with many specialties requiring registration. Independent research by several allied health peak national bodies has indicated that their membership base is highly representative of the broader population. Improving (ii) relies on bolstering survey legitimacy and personal engagement, for which we have engaged the peak national allied health bodies.
Provision of currently held demographic information for each profession plus a statement containing contextual aspects for that profession, and facilitate access to a structured sample of members and enabling linking to any survey proposed by McKinsey.
As a methodological note, the statistic error (i.e., generalising from the survey results to the whole population of allied health practitioners – 127,200) of a representative sample (approximately 1000) is +/- 3.1 % at the 95% level of confidence. This means that if 50% of professionals in the sample agree with a particular proposition, it can be assumed with 95% confidence that, had the whole population of professionals been interviewed, between 46.9% - 53.1% would also have agreed with the proposition at the time of the survey.
As Table 7 illustrates, the maximum error of estimation when comparing any two allied health practitioners using a sample size of 75 for each profession is 11.3%. What this means is that regardless of whether a population of a given profession is 500, 5,000 or 50,000, the maximum error of estimation is approximately 11.3%.
To help illustrate the implication of this approach and to interpret the above table, two short case examples are helpful.
To determine error for a single population, we read the relevant cell in the above table for both population and sample. For example if Profession A had a population of 400, a sample size of 75, and a score of 50% eHealth ready, the result would show 95% confidence that 39.8% - 60.2% (i.e., 50% +/- 10.2%) of the population is eHealth ready.
Assume Profession A had a population size of 400, and Profession B had a population size of 5,000. Assume also that the objective is to determine whether the mean eHealth readiness of each profession is statistically different, with 40% of Profession A responding they are eHealth ready and 65% of Profession B responding they are eHealth ready. Assume a sample size of 75 across each profession.
Profession B been interviewed, between 53.7% - 76.3% (i.e., 65% +/- 11.3%) would be eHealth ready.
Given these two ranges do not overlap, we would conclude that there was a statistically significant difference between these two professions.
For this survey, we selected a sample size of 75 responses for each of the 15 categories of allied health practitioner. The selection of 75 responses represents a balance between a desire to minimise the error of estimation, the likely variance between each allied health profession, and the financial resources available by the Department for this work. While surveying 1,000 allied health practitioners in each profession would have reduced the error of estimation from 11.3% to 3.1%, this would have resulted in an inefficient use of resources given the specificity required for the hypotheses in this project and been impractical given the relative size of some of these professions and anticipated yield rates.
This constraint is meaningful. By way of illustration, there are approximately 22 000+ physiotherapists in Australia. Even if responses had been in the order of 150 for this group (approximately 0.7% response rate), we can see from the above table the error of estimation would still | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | -0.206422 | 1.116738 | 0.634022 | 1.630173 |
have been in the order of +/- 8 %.
Therefore, although the general maxim of 'bigger is better' for surveys such as the one in this project is true, we feel confident that 75 allied health practitioners per profession provides an acceptable level of sampling error to identify outlier professions. This is particularly so given the focus of this effort is to identify directional trends (rather than a precise point estimate).
Given the nature of the underlying hypotheses, and the desire to identify outliers, the primary research approach was calibrated to an acceptable level of residual error as described above (maximum of 11.3%, depending on the type of analysis being undertaken). The output of the research identified directional differences between clusters and specialties. The nature of this approach means that future research studies cannot be directly compared to the outcome of the primary research in this report without replicating the research methodology.
Research based on sampling from a population necessarily inherits a level of uncertainty in drawing conclusions from incomplete data. Statistical analyses are based on the assumption of unbiased responses – therefore maximising the usefulness of a survey dataset requires the survey design to address potential biases that may be introduced through sampling method. The two key potential biases for many surveys are selection biases (the possible exclusion of a relevant strata, e.g., physiotherapists from the Northern Territory) and non-response biases (e.g., the data collection requirement is so onerous that only a few practitioners complete the survey). Both can be countered through careful sampling design.
To ensure all strata of interest were adequately represented, the allied health survey used a simple stratified random sample. We stratified invitations by two primary segmentations - profession and geographic location. The survey used a single-phase sample of 75 respondents per specialty strata, as the balance point between required accuracy and survey expense. Further, we required a minimum representation of 75 respondents per location type strata. For private/public practice, gender, state/territory, and age, we set soft quotas based on population distribution statistics from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, the ABS 2006 Census and registration data for those allied health professions requiring registration.
Additionally, we used two approaches to address potential non-response bias. Firstly, we engaged the AHPA to reach out to practitioner members in support of the survey, for those professions where their membership is comprehensive. In these cases (chiropractors, dental allied health professionals, dietitians, exercise physiologists, osteopaths, physiotherapists, podiatrists and psychologists) we designed a specific target population (of 5-600 practitioners) from de-identified membership lists. Secondly, where peak body membership was either unavailable or less than comprehensive (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health workers, audiologists, occupational therapists, optometrists, radiographers and sonographers, social workers and speech pathologists) our survey vendor, Sexton Market Research, compiled a comprehensive list of allied health practitioners from business directories, professional associations and lists available for purchase. Again, a target population was designed and contacted directly by phone.
In total, the quantitative survey contacted approximately 6,500 allied health practitioners in order to return 1,125 responses, for a response rate of 17.3%.
Any survey relying on a limited sample size may cover segments of the target population in proportions that do not match their proportions in the population itself. In this case clear differences arise from our deliberate sample design, intended to capture the full spectrum of perspectives across a diverse population. In such situations we can improve the relation between the sample and the population by weighting sample responses such that each response is attributed its appropriate level of emphasis as determined by the overall population distribution. This operation is known as sample-balancing or raking, and the population totals are usually referred to as control totals.
The adjustment to control totals is sometimes achieved by creating a cross-classification of the control variables (e.g. age categories x gender x remoteness x % private income) and then matching the total of the weights in each cell to the control totals. This approach, however, can spread the sample thinly over a large number of cells. It also requires that the control totals exist for all cells of the cross-classification. Often this is not feasible (e.g. control totals may be available by age x | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.300989 | 0.966195 | 0.515669 | 1.650412 |
Server device, an in-vehicle terminal device, and program of communication-based car navigation system
In a communication-based navigation system, even when a vehicle deviates from an original guidance route, an in-vehicle terminal device can locate a new guidance route and display the same without receiving another guidance route delivered from a server device. Immediately after searching for a guidance route which is displayed at the start of running, the server device finds data on the shortest route from each node to a destination (direction data to return to the original route) in accordance with a shortest path algorithm, and delivers this data to the in-vehicle terminal device together with delivery map data including the guidance route. When the vehicle deviates from the guidance route, the in-vehicle terminal device locates a new guidance route or a return route from the location at which the vehicle deviates based on the direction data to return to the original route, and displays the guidance route or return route.
Atarashi, Yoshitaka (Hitachi, JP)
Hitachi, Ltd. (Chiyoda-ku, JP)
340/995.19
G09B29/00; G01C21/00; G01C21/34; G08G1/0969; G08G1/137; G09B29/10; (IPC1-7): G01C21/34
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BEAULIEU, YONEL
CROWELL & MORING LLP (WASHINGTON, DC, US)
1. A server device for use in a communication-based car navigation system connected to an in-vehicle terminal device through a communication network, comprising: guidance route search means for finding guidance route data from a current position to a destination with reference to a map database based on data on the current position and the destination delivered from said in-vehicle terminal device; map extraction means for extracting map data including navigable roads for a region near said guidance route from said map database; return route search means for finding direction data to return to the original route from each of links in a road network comprised of the extracted navigable roads; and means for delivering said direction data to return to the original route associated with said guidance route data and extracted map data to said in-vehicle terminal device.
2. A server device for use in a communication-based car navigation system connected to an in- | [
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vehicle terminal device through a communication network, comprising: guidance route search means for finding guidance route data from a current position to a destination with reference to a map database based on data on the current position and the destination delivered from said in-vehicle terminal device; map extraction means for extracting map data including navigable roads for a region near said guidance route from said map database; return route search means for finding direction data to return to the original route from each of links in a road network comprised of the extracted navigable roads; means for converting said guidance route data and extracted map data to delivery map data; flag addition means for converting said direction data to return to the original route to flag data appended to a link sequence data in said delivery map data, and adding said converted flag data to said delivery map data; and means for delivering said delivery map data to said in-vehicle terminal device.
3. A program for a server device for use in a communication-based car navigation system connected to an in-vehicle terminal device through a communication network, said program causing a computer of said server device to function as: guidance route search means for finding guidance route data from a current position to a destination with reference to a map database based on data on the current position and the destination delivered from said in-vehicle terminal device; map extraction means for extracting map data including navigable roads for a region near said guidance route from said map database; return route search means for finding direction data to return to the original route from each of links in a road network comprised of the extracted navigable roads; means for delivering said direction data to return to the original route associated with said guidance route data and extracted map data to said in-vehicle terminal device.
4. A program for a server device for use in a communication-based car navigation system connected to an in-vehicle terminal device through a communication network, said program causing a computer of said server device to function as: guidance route search means for finding guidance route data from a current position to a destination with reference to a map database based on data on the current position and the destination delivered from said in-vehicle terminal device; map extraction means for extracting map data including navigable roads for a region near said guidance route from said map database; return route search means for finding direction data to return to the original route from each of links in a road network comprised of the extracted navigable roads; means for converting said guidance route data and extracted map data to delivery map data; flag addition means for converting said direction data to return to the original route to flag data appended to a link sequence data in said delivery map data, and adding said converted flag data to said delivery map data; and means for delivering said delivery map data to said in-vehicle terminal device.
5. An in-vehicle terminal device for use in a communication-based car navigation system connected to the server device according to claim 1 through a communication network, said in-vehicle terminal device comprising: guidance route display means for displaying a map including a guidance route and surroundings thereof; locator means for locating a current position of a vehicle based on input data from a vehicle position sensor including GPS, and determining whether or not the current position deviates from said guidance route; and return route display means operative when said locator means determines that the current position of said vehicle deviates from said guidance route for locating a return route based on said direction data to return to the original route previously delivered from said server device, and displaying said return route in the map including said guidance route and surroundings thereof.
6. An in-vehicle terminal device for use in a communication-based car navigation system connected to the server device according to claim 2 through a communication network, said in-vehicle terminal device comprising: guidance route display means for displaying a map including a guidance route and surroundings thereof; locator means for locating a current position of a vehicle based on input data from a vehicle position sensor including GPS, and determining whether or not the current position deviates from said guidance route; and return route display means operative when said locator means determines that the current position of said vehicle deviates from said guidance route for locating a return route based on flag data included in said delivery map data previously delivered from said server device, and displaying said return route in a map including said guidance route and surroundings thereof.
7. An in-vehicle terminal device for use in a communication-based navigation system according to claim 5, further comprising: alternative route display means for erasing said displayed guidance route, and displaying an alternative route which is an optimal route from the current position of said vehicle to the destination within said return route.
8. A program for an in-vehicle terminal | [
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device for use in a communication-based car navigation system connected to the server device according to claim 1 through a communication network, said program causing a computer of said in-vehicle terminal device to function as: guidance route display means for displaying a map including a guidance route and surroundings thereof; locator means for locating a current position of a vehicle based on input data from a vehicle position sensor including GPS, and determining whether or not the current position deviates from said guidance route; and return route display means operative when said locator means determines that the current position of said vehicle deviates from said guidance route for locating a return route based on said direction data to return to the original route previously delivered from said server device, and displaying said return route in a map including said guidance route and surroundings thereof.
9. A program for an in-vehicle terminal device for use in a communication-based car navigation system connected to the server device according to claim 2 through a communication network, said program causing a computer of said in-vehicle terminal device to function as: guidance route display means for displaying a map including a guidance route and surroundings thereof; locator means for locating a current position of a vehicle based on input data from a vehicle position sensor including GPS, and determining whether or not the current position deviates from said guidance route; and return route display means operative when said locator means determines that the current position of said vehicle deviates from said guidance route for locating a return route based on flag data included in said delivery map data previously delivered from said server device, and displaying said return route in a map including said guidance route and surroundings thereof.
10. A program for an in-vehicle terminal device for use in a communication-based car navigation system according to claim 8, said program further causing the processor of said in-vehicle terminal to function as: alternative route display means for erasing said displayed guidance route, and displaying an alternative route which is an optimal route from the current position of said vehicle to the destination within said return route.
The present invention relates to a GPS (Global Positioning System) based car navigation system, and more particularly, to a server device, an in-vehicle terminal device and associated programs of a communication-based car navigation system for communicating data between the in-vehicle terminal device and server device through a public communication network.
In recent years, with an increasingly reduced communication cost and improved communication speed, a communication-based car navigation system has drawn attention. In the communication-based car navigation system, map data on a nation-wide area is preserved in a server device, such that the server device locates a guidance route in response to a request from an in-vehicle terminal device, and delivers map data including the located guidance route and a surrounding area to the in-vehicle terminal device. Therefore, a large capacity storage device such as DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) for preserving nation-wide map data is indispensable for the in-vehicle terminal device. On the other hand, the in-vehicle terminal device need not execute a guidance route search process and so on, thereby largely reducing a processing load on the processor of the in-vehicle terminal device. As a result, the cost of the in-vehicle terminal device can be reduced.
On the other hand, the communication-based car navigation system implies the following disadvantages in a process after a re-search for a guidance route (hereinafter, the "re-search for a guidance route" is called "reroute") which is performed when a guided vehicle deviates from a guidance route.
When a guided vehicle deviates from a guidance route, the car navigation system must reroute to notify the user of a new guidance route or a route for returning to the original guidance route. Therefore, in the communication-based navigation system, the server device reroutes and delivers the result to the in-vehicle terminal device. However, the delivery is not always be ensured with stability because of the existence of a communication instable area, a communication unavailable area, and the like which can be encountered by a running vehicle. In addition, an extra communication cost is entailed due to repeated deliveries. Even if such a communication instable or communication unavailable condition lasts only for a short time period, this will impress the user as poor usability of the communication-based navigation system.
Attempts to overcome the foregoing disadvantage have already been under way. For example, JP-A-2002-107169 (Paragraph Numbers 0054-0105, and FIGS. 22 to 41) | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.773609 | 0.836417 | -0.5012 | -0.036618 |
discloses a communication -based navigation system which reduces the amount of communications associated with rerouting by transmitting only differences in map data, or by roughening information represented on a map, and the like. Since a reduction in the amount of communications results in a shorter communication time, the communication is improved in stability, and the communication cost is reduced as well.
JP-A-2001-147132 (Paragraph Numbers 0025-0099, and FIGS. 1 to 7) discloses a communication-based route guiding system which divides guidance route information to previously locate communication unavailable areas such as a tunnel and the like, thereby avoiding communications in the communication unavailable areas.
Further, JP-A-2001-147132 and JP-A-2003-075180 (Paragraph Numbers 0118-0159, and FIGS. 4 to 8) disclose that when reroute information cannot be delivered to an in-vehicle terminal device due to disabled communications or the like, the in-vehicle terminal device locates by itself a route for returning to an original guidance route, and displays this route. Also, JP-A-2002-139336 (Paragraph Numbers 0044-0069, and FIGS. 2 to 6) discloses a navigation apparatus which previously locates a second and a third route corresponding to guidance routes other than an optimal guidance route, and displays these routes to permit the user to select a route with a higher degree of freedom, and to avoid rerouting during running.
However, in either JP-A-2001-147132 or JP-A-2001-147132, communications are made between the server device and in-vehicle terminal device during rerouting. Therefore, these prior art techniques fail to provide sufficient solutions either for the problem of instable communications during running or for the problem of increased communication cost.
Also, in JP-A-2001-147132 or JP-A-2003-075180, a guidance route located by the in-vehicle terminal device alone is not so accurate in the sense of an optimal route, but is such a route that can barely return the vehicle to the original route anyhow. Further, the second and third routes located by the navigation apparatus disclosed in JP-A-2002-139336 are less than optimal routes from a starting point but not optimal routes from a location from which the vehicle has deviated from a guidance route.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to radically solve the problem of instable communications during running of a vehicle and the problem of increased communication cost associated with the rerouting, and to provide a server device, an in-vehicle terminal device, and associated programs of a communication-based vehicle navigation system which enables the in-vehicle terminal device to locate by itself an optimal guidance route for rerouting.
To achieve the above object, the present invention eliminates the need for making communications between the server device and in-vehicle terminal device even if the vehicle deviates from a guidance route.
For this purpose, the server device includes means (program) for extracting a map near the guidance route, searching the shortest route to a destination for navigable road links included in the extracted map, and creating direction data to return to the original route, in addition to guidance route search means (program) for finding data on the guidance route from a current position to the destination. Then, immediately after locating a route to which the vehicle should be guided, the server device creates direction data to return to the original route, and delivers this data associated with or incorporated in map data including guidance route data to the in-vehicle terminal device.
On the other hand, the in-vehicle terminal device includes means (program) for locating a return route for rerouting based on the direction data to return to the original route delivered from the server device, and means (program) for displaying the return route. Then, when the vehicle deviates from the guidance route in the middle of running, the in-vehicle terminal device locates by itself a return route for rerouting based on the direction data to return to the original route, and displays the return route.
According to the present invention, when the vehicle deviates from the guidance route | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.923047 | 0.955813 | -0.648581 | -0.305404 |
, the in-vehicle terminal device has already received the delivered direction data to return to the original route based on the shortest path algorithm, so that the in-vehicle terminal device can locate a return route to the destination or to the original guidance route based on the previously delivered direction data to return to the original route, and displays the return route, even without receiving any new information delivered from the server device, if the vehicle actually deviates from the guidance route. Therefore, whenever the vehicle deviates from the guidance route anywhere, no communications are required between the in-vehicle terminal device and server device. In other words, the present invention need not to be involved in the problem of instable communications in the middle of running, which has been conventionally regarded as a disadvantage of the communication-based car navigation system, and the problem of the communication cost required for the instable communications. It can be said that these problems have been solved by the present invention.
Also, since the direction data to return to the original route indicates the shortest route from each of road links near the original guidance route to the destination, the in-vehicle terminal device can display an optimal route to the destination wherever the vehicle deviates from the guidance route.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of an in-vehicle terminal device for use in a communication-based vehicle navigation system to which the present invention is applied;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of a server device for use in the communication-based vehicle navigation system to which the present invention is applied;
FIGS. 3A is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of software for use with the in-vehicle terminal device (client software);
FIG. 3B is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of software for use with the server device (server software);
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a guidance route search and return route search process in the server device;
FIG. 5 is a reference diagram for describing how the server device executes the guidance route search and return route search process;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary data structure of delivery map data;
FIG. 7 is a table showing an exemplary structure of road data in detail in the delivery map data;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating exemplary nodes, links and link costs in a road network for describing a shortest path algorithm;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating a shortest route search process based on a Dijkstra method;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the shortest route to a destination located by the Dijkstra method;
FIG. 11 is a table showing rules for setting components rij of a return direction matrix;
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the return direction matrix (rij) found for the exemplary road network in FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a flow chart illustrating a flag data addition process;
FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary guidance route displayed on the in-vehicle terminal device at the start of running;
FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a returning direction is displayed together with the guidance route on the in-vehicle terminal device;
FIG. 16 is a flow chart illustrating an alternative route search process in the in-vehicle terminal device;
FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary alternative route displayed on the in-vehicle terminal device;
FIG. 18 is a flow chart illustrating a procedure for locating a return route to a guidance route in the in-vehicle terminal device;
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary return route to the guidance route displayed on the in-vehicle terminal device; and
FIG. 20 is a diagram for additionally describing the same intersection ID.
<System Configuration>
In the following, one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings as required.
First, the configuration of a communication-based car navigation system, to which the present invention is applied, will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of an in-vehicle terminal device 1 for use in the communication-based navigation system, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating | [
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an exemplary configuration of a server device 4 for use in the communication-based navigation system.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the communication based car navigation system comprises an in-vehicle terminal device 1 which may be equipped in a vehicle that needs a route guidance; and a server device connected to the in-vehicle terminal device 1 through a communication device 2 and a public communication network 3. Here, the communication device 2 refers to a cell phone or the like, and the public communication network 3 includes a telephone line network and an Internet protocol network.
In FIG. 1, the in-vehicle terminal device 1 comprises a terminal processor 11 which serves as an information processing unit; a touch panel display 12 which provides both input and output functions, a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver 13 for receiving radiowaves from satellites; a direction sensor 14 such as a gyroscope; a vehicle speed sensor 15 for inputting a rotational speed of wheels; a speaker 16, and a microphone 17. The components 12-17 are connected to the terminal processor 11. The terminal processor 11 comprises a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 111; a flash memory 113 for storing client software 6; a DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) 112 for storing data delivered from the server device 4; a graphics processor 116 for controlling a display on the touch panel display 12; a graphics memory 117; a serial I/F (I/F is an abbreviation of interface. This abbreviation is used throughout this specification) 118; a sensor IF 114 for interfacing with the GPS receiver 13, direction sensor 14 and vehicle speed sensor 15; and a communication device IF 115 for interfacing with the communication device 2 such as a cell phone or the like. The components 112 to 118 are connected to the CPU 111.
In FIG. 2, the server device 4 comprises a server computer 41; a hard disk drive 42; a monitor display 43; a keyboard 44; and a mouse 45. The components 42-45 are connected to the server computer 41. The server computer 41 comprises a CPU 411; a flash memory 413 for storing so-called BIOS (Basic Input Out put System); a DRAM 412 for storing server software 7; a graphics processor 418 for controlling a display on a monitor display 43; a graphics memory 419; an SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) 415 for interfacing with the hard disk driver 42; a network I/F 417 for interfacing with the public communication network 3; a USB (Universal Serial Bus) I/F 414 for interfacing the keyboard 44 and mouse 45. The components 412 to 419 are connected to the CPU 411. The hard disk drive 42 preserves the server software 7 and a map database 421, and temporarily preserves a route search database 422, direction data 423 to return to the original route, delivery map data 424, and the like which are created as required.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are block diagrams illustrating exemplary configurations of the client software 6 and server software 7, respectively.
The client software 6 is a set of programs which are stored in the flash memory 113 of the terminal processor 11, and executed to implement a variety of functions of the terminal processor 11. The client software 6 is generally divided into a user interface 61, a tool 62, and an OS (Operating System) 63. Here, the tool 62 includes application programs such as a map management 621, a locator 622, a communication 623, a map display 624, a guidance route display 625, a return route display 626, an alternative route display 627, and the like for allowing the in-vehicle terminal processor 11 to function as a terminal of the communication-based navigation system. The OS 63 in turn includes drivers for controlling a variety of interfaces such as a file management driver 631, a sensor driver 6 | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -1.173017 | 0.493802 | -0.448188 | -0.057172 |
32, a communication device driver 633, a serial I/F driver 634, a graphics driver 635, a sound driver 636, and the like.
The server software 7 generally comprises a navigation application 71, server middleware 72, database management software 73, and a server OS 74. Here, the navigation application 71 is an application program for allowing the server computer 41 to function as the server device 4 of the communication-based car navigation system, and includes programs such as destination search 711, guidance route search 712, map extraction 713, return route search 714, delivery map conversion 715, and the like. The server middleware 72 in turn is a program for facilitating description and operation of the respective programs included in the navigation application 71, and includes an HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) server 71, a CGI (Common Gateway Interface) 722, database access 723, and the like.
<Operation and Processing Specifics of Server Device>
The operation and processing specifics of the server device 4 in the communication-based car navigation system will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 4 to 13. In the following description, the exemplary configuration of the server device 4 in FIG. 2 and the exemplary configuration of the server software 7 in FIG. 3 will be referred to as required.
In the communication-based car navigation system, at the start of running or driving of a vehicle, the user sets a destination in the in-vehicle terminal device 1 to locate a guidance route to the destination. For this purpose, the in-vehicle terminal device 1, upon power-on, acquires data on a current position, such as the latitude and longitude, and acquires conditions (for example, a time-priority shortest time route, a freeway-priority route, or the like) when it conducts a search for a destination and a guidance route entered through the touch panel display 12 or the like. Then, the in-vehicle terminal device 1 delivers data on the longitude and latitude of the starting point, the longitude and latitude of the destination, and the search conditions to the server device 4 in the form of a CGI parameter table. Here, the CGI parameter table includes a return route flag (reroute flag). When this return route flag is set on, the in-vehicle terminal device 1 requests the server device 4 for a return route. The data in such a CGI parameter table can be expressed as a URL format request from the in-vehicle terminal device 1 to the server device 4, and described, for example, in the following format: HTTP://servername/route.cgi?src=N35.40.39,E139.46.20&de st=N35.32.52,E139.47.28 & cond=time, freeway&reroute=on, where "src=N35.40.39,E139.46.20" represents the latitude and longitude of the starting point, "dest=N35.32.52,E139.47.28" represents the longitude and latitude of the destination, "cond=time, freeway" represents the search conditions, and "reroute=on" corresponds to the return route flag, and represents a request for a return route. Also, "time, freeway" in the search conditions represents time priority and freeway priority in the search condition.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a guidance route search and return route search process. FIG. 5 is a reference diagram for describing specifics of the process.
Upon receipt of the GCI parameter table delivered from the in-vehicle terminal device 1, the server device 4 starts a search for a guidance route from the current position to the destination. First, the server device 4 accesses the map database 421 based on the data on the longitude and latitude of the current position and destination, extracts searchable roads near the current position, i.e., the starting point and the destination, and determines a starting point link Ls and a destination link Le (S7120). Also, in this processing, the server device 4 creates the route search database 422. Here, the searchable roads refer to those roads which can form part of a guidance route, and do not include narrow service roads | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -1.284417 | 0.60022 | -0.516555 | -0.109032 |
even if they appear on the map. The link, used herein, refers to a road sectioned by nodes, and the node refers to an intersection (note that actually, a node can be set even in the middle of a road).
Next, the server device 4 accesses the route search database 422 to search for routes from the starting point link Ls to the destination link Le, and extracts an optimal route from these routes as a guidance route (S7121). The optimal route, used herein, refers to a route which is optimal for conditions specified by the search conditions of the CGI parameter table. Then, the server device 4 accesses the map database 421 in accordance with the extracted guidance route, and converts the guidance route to a sequence of points representative of a road shape (S7122). Further, the server device 4 determines a map extraction range R along the sequence of points representative of the road shape of the guidance route (S7123), accesses the map database 421 to extract a map included in the extraction range R from the map database 421 (S7124). FIG. 5 illustrates an example of the map extraction range R and guidance route.
Next, the server device 4 checks the state of the return route flag in the CGI parameter table, and converts the guidance route resulting from the route search (S7121) and the extracted map to delivery map data 424 (S7126) when the return route flag is set off (No at S7125). Then, the delivery map data 424 is delivered to the in-vehicle terminal device 1.
On the other hand, when the return route flag is set on (Yes at S7125), the server device 4 executes a return route search for the searchable roads within the extracted range R (S7127). Then, the server device 4 converts the guidance route resulting from the route search (S7121) and the extracted map to the delivery map data 424 (S7128), and adds information on a return route resulting from the return route search (S7127) to the delivery map data 424 as return flag data appended to data on a sequence of road links (S7129). Then, the server device 4 delivers the delivery map data 424 with the return flag data added thereto to the in-vehicle terminal device 1.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary data structure of the delivery map data 424. The delivery map data 424 comprises guidance route data 4241 and map data 4242. The map data 4242 comprises a plurality of mesh data 4243, and the mesh data 4243 is comprised of a plurality of road data 4244, a plurality of background data 4245, and a plurality of name data 4246. Further, the road data 4244 comprises a plurality of road link sequence data 4247, while the road link sequence data 4247 comprises a plurality of point data 4248. In FIG. 6, data marked with "*" indicates that there are a plurality of such data.
FIG. 7 is a table showing an exemplary structure of the road data 4244 in detail. The road data 4244 comprises a plurality of road link sequence data 4247, each of which is appended with a return direction presence/absence flag and an alternative guidance presence/absence flag, and includes point data 4248 arranged in a line. Here, the point data basically refers to data along position coordinates, and includes not only intersections but also points between intersections. However, for convenience of explanation, the point data refers to data associated with an intersection, and is hereinafter called the "node data." Therefore, the node data 4248, as shown in FIG. 7, includes an intersection ID, position coordinates, an identical intersection ID (which is an intersection ID assigned to an intersection when it is included in another road link sequence data), a road type (data such as Prefectural Road No. 2, Showa Street, or the like), other road information, a return direction flag, and an alternative guidance flag, arranged one after another. Here, the return direction presence/absence flag, alternative guidance presence/absence flag, return direction flag, and alternative guidance | [
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flag are added in return flag addition (S7129) in the processing flow of FIG. 4.
Next, the return route search (S7127) and return flag addition (S7129) in the processing flow of FIG. 4 will be described in greater detail.
It should be noted that the processing flow is switched depending on whether the return flag is set on or off in order for the server device 4 to have the ability to support conventional in-vehicle terminal devices. Specifically, since the return route flag will never be set on in a CGI parameter table delivered from a conventional in-vehicle terminal device (No at S7129), the return route search (S7127) and return flag addition (S7129) will not be executed for the conventional in-vehicle terminal device. These steps are executed when the return route flag is set on in the in-vehicle terminal device 1 of this embodiment, and the flag is delivered to the server device 4.
First, the return route search (S7127) will be described. This step is executed to locate a return route or an alternative route from searchable roads within an extracted map range which has been set corresponding to the previously determined guidance route. Here, the return route refers to a route from a location at which the vehicle has deviated from the original guidance route to the destination or to the original guidance route. The alternative route refers to an optimal route which reaches the destination within the guidance route. Here, the condition for "optimality" is determined by search conditions in the CGI table delivered from the in-vehicle terminal device 1.
The optimal route to the destination is located in accordance with a so-called shortest path algorithm. The shortest path algorithm builds a road network with nodes and links, defines a cost for each link, and locates a route which minimizes a total sum of the costs of links each connecting arbitrary two points. Therefore, a node corresponds to an intersection, and a link corresponds to a road which connects intersections. The link cost corresponds to the distance between intersections or a running time between intersections, and is determined by conditions for optimization.
In this embodiment, since the starting point and destination are regarded as links, they must be converted to nodes for applying the shortest path algorithm to this embodiment. Here, for simplicity, assume that a node close to the current position of the vehicle is selected.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating examples of nodes, links and link costs in a road network for explaining the shortest path algorithm. Here, a circular joint represents a node, with a node number inscribed in the circle. A line which connects nodes represents a link, and an arrow and a numeral written nearby represent a link cost when a vehicle runs in the direction indicated by the arrow. When a road is one-way traffic, the link cost is defined only in one direction, and the link cost in the undefined direction is infinity (∞), These link costs are represented in the form of a link cost matrix (dij), where dij is a link cost in a direction from node i to node j, and a link cost between nodes which are not connected is infinity (∞).
The most frequently used method in the shortest path algorithm is a Dijkstra method. FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating a shortest route search process based on the Dijkstra method. Generally, the shortest route search attempts to search for the shortest route from a starting point to a destination. In this embodiment, however, the destination, which has been set in the event of the route search, is regarded as the starting point of the process, and the shortest routes from the destination to all nodes are located from searchable roads within an extracted map range. In other words, the shortest routes to the destination are located for all the nodes.
Data given in the Dijkstra method in FIG. 9 is the link cost matrix (dij), and requested data are a set {Pi} of node numbers, and a set {vi} of route costs, where Pi represents a node number of a next forward node on the shortest route from a node i to a destination node, and vi represents the sum of link costs on the shortest route from the node i to the destination node.
The following description on the processing flow in FIG. 9 will be made with a set of all nodes being represented by N, the number of all nodes by n, and a set of unprocessed nodes by M.
First, when the number of the destination is designated by e, ve=0, vj=∞(j=1, . . . , n, j≠e), M=N-[e | [
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], i=e are set for initial values (S7140).
Next, if vj<vi+dij for jεM, where dij<∞, vj=vi+dij, and pj=i (S7141). This means that a node connected to a node i is located, the sum vj of link costs up to the destination node previously located for the node j is compared with the sum vi+dij of link costs for a route from the node j to the destination via the node i, and the shortest route to the node j is changed to that via the node i if the sum of the link costs for the route via the node i is smaller.
Next, link costs vj are extracted for all nodes j included in the set M of unprocessed nodes, and the minimum link cost vj is found from among the extracted link costs vj, and j at that time is designated by j0 (S7142). Then, the node j0 is removed from the set M of unprocessed nodes to define a new set M of unprocessed nodes, and j0 is replaced with the node i which is referenced when step S7141 is executed (i=j0) (S7143).
Steps S7141 to 7143 are repeated until the set M of unprocessed nodes becomes empty, and finally found Pi and vi (j=1, . . . , n, j≠e) provide the set {Pi} of shortest route nodes and the set {vi} of the shortest route costs found by the Dijkstra method.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the shortest route (indicated by bold lines) to the destination located by the Dijkstra method for the example of road network in FIG. 8. Here, numerals written in parenthesis near each node indicate Pi and vi found for each node, respectively, in the form of (vi, Pi). {Pi} and {vi} are also shown outside the frame. Since Pi indicates the number of a next forward node on the shortest route from a node i to a destination node, the destination can be reached by following these numbers. For reference, in this example, since P2=4, the shortest route from the node 2 to the destination directs to a node 4, and since p4=6, this route reaches the destination node, as can be seen in FIG. 10. In other words, the shortest routes to the destination can be located for all nodes by the Dijkstra method.
Therefore, with the set {pi} of shortest route nodes and the set {vi} of shortest route costs available, even if the vehicle deviates from the original guidance route anywhere on the road network, a route which reaches the destination node can be indicated, if only the vehicle goes to the nearest node from the current position. However, in the event of a deviation from the guidance route, if a route on which the vehicle is running is not included in the guidance route located by the dijkstra method, for example, if the vehicle deviates to a road from the node 1 to the node 2 in the example of FIG. 10, the driver cannot immediately determine whether he should go forward or turn back. Thus, for allowing the driver to intuitively make this determination, the return direction matrix (rij) is introduced. rij indicates the direction in which the vehicle should go to a node i or a node j when the vehicle has deviated to a link ij. When the direction in which the vehicle should go is the same as the direction of the link ij (from the node i to node j), rij=1 is defined, and rij=−1 is defined when in the reverse direction. The traveling direction determined for each link in the return direction matrix is called the "recommended course."
FIG. 11 is a table which shows rules for setting the component rij of the return direction matrix. Though the rules conform to the aforementioned definition, the basic concept of the setting is that for a link ij which connects a link i with a link j, rij=−1 and rji=1 are set when vi<vj. Specifically, when the sum vi of link costs to the destination of the node i is smaller than the sum vjof link costs to the destination of the node j, a travel from the node j to the node i will results in a selection of the optimal route. Also, when dij=∞ and dji=∞, there is no link between the node i and node j, so that rij=rji=0, as a matter of course. Also, when a link exists only in one direction | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -1.043957 | 1.189414 | -0.458947 | 0.547439 |
, i.e., dij=∞ and dji<∞, rij=−1, and rji=1 are defined irrespective of the values of vi, vj. Further, when vi=vj, there is no difference irrespective of in which direction to take, so that rij=1 is defined when the link ij directs closer to the original guidance route, and rij=−1 is defined when the link ij directs away from the original guidance route. Though not shown, a link which starts from and end at the same node is defined as rii=0.
FIG. 12 shows a return direction matrix (rij) found for the example of the road network in FIG. 8. An arrow added to each link in FIG. 12 indicates the direction of a recommended course corresponding to rij. In other words, if the vehicle travels along the arrows, the vehicle can reach the destination wherever the vehicle deviates from a guidance route on a map delivered together with the guidance route. A black circle added to each node except for the destination indicates that the associated link is a link ipi by {Pi} found by the Dijkstra method. In other words, if the vehicle follows the links accompanied with the black circles, the vehicle can reach the destination along the optimal route from that node.
As will be understood from the foregoing description, a return route or an alternative route can be located if the set {Pi} of shortest route nodes and the return direction matrix (rij) are available. Therefore, if only the server device 4 delivers these data together with the delivery map data 424 including a guidance route to the in-vehicle terminal device at the time the vehicle starts running, i.e., starts driving, the in-vehicle terminal device 1 can locate a return route and an alternative route using the set {Pi} of shortest route nodes and the return direction matrix (rij), wherever the vehicle deviates from the guidance route. Thus, the set {Pi} of shortest route nodes and the return direction matrix (rij) are collectively called the "direction data 423 to return to the original route."
FIG. 13 is a flow chart illustrating a flag data addition process in the return flag addition at S7129. The flag data addition process adds flag data to the road link sequence data 4247 in the delivery map data 424 based on the direction data 423 to return to the original route. Therefore, data entered for this process includes the set {Pi} of shortest route nodes, the return direction matrix (rij), and the road link sequence data 4247 in FIG. 7 except for the return direction presence/absence flag, alternative guidance presence/absence flag, return direction flag, and alternative.guidance flag. The flag data addition process illustrated in FIG. 13 creates and adds these flag data.
The flow of the flag addition process illustrated in FIG. 13 involves extracting one road link sequence data 4247, and adds flags to the extracted road link sequence data 4247. Since there are a plurality of road link sequence data 4247 in general, this process is executed a plurality of times for adding the flags to all the road link sequence data 4247.
First, as pre-processing, an intersection ID is extracted from each node data of a road link which is to be processed, and is converted to a node number when {Pi} and (rij) are found. The converted node numbers are designated k(1), k(2), . . ., k(n) in order. Then, the return direction presence/absence flag and alternative guidance presence/absence flag appended to each road link in the road link sequence data 4247 are set on to indicate that this road link has been set the return direction presence/absence flag and alternative guidance presence/absence flag. In addition, a counter is initialized to i=1 (S71520).
Next, if rk(i)k(i+1)=1 for given i (Yes at S71521), the return direction flag for an intersection k(i) is set on (S71522). In addition, if Pk(i)=k(i+1), the alternative guidance flag is also set on. On the other hand, if rk(i)k(i+1)=−1 (Yes at S71525), the return direction flag for the intersection k(i) is set off (S71526). In addition, if Pk(i+1)=k(i), the alternative guidance | [
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flag is also set off (S71527).
Next, the counter is incremented by one (S71524), and the processing at steps S71521 to S71528 is repeated until i is equal to n (S71628). This processing sets to each node, the return direction flag indicating whether or not the node can be the starting point of a recommended course, and the alternative guidance flag indicating whether or not a certain node can be the starting point of an alternative route in a link including that node (whether the black circle is added in FIG. 7).
The foregoing process adds the return direction presence/absence flag and alternative guidance presence/absence flag, as well as the return direction flag and alternative guidance flag,s to each road link sequence data 4147, and the resulting data is delivered to the in-vehicle terminal device 1 as the delivery map data 424. Therefore, the in-vehicle terminal device 1 displays a return direction and an alternative guidance route with reference to these flags.
<Operation and Processing Specifics of In-Vehicle Terminal Device>
In the following, the operation and processing specifics of the in-vehicle terminal device 1 in the communication-based car navigation system will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 14 to 20.
FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary guidance route displayed on the in-vehicle terminal device 1 at the start of running.
The in-vehicle terminal device 1 receives the delivery map data 424, having the return direction flag and alternative guidance flag added thereto, delivered from the server device 4 described above, at the start of running. Based on this data, the in-vehicle terminal device 1 can display a map including a current position (starting point) and a guidance route, as illustrated in FIG. 14.
In the exemplary display of FIG. 14, the starting point is not present on a link of a navigable road, and therefore is estimated that it is present on a narrow alley or a side road or in a wide parking lot. In this event, the link closest from the current position, from which the vehicle starts, is selected for a starting point link. Here, a road of a north-east link adjacent to the starting point is selected. Then, the guidance route from that link to the destination is displayed, for example, in bold lines.
FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary image which displays a return direction together with the guidance route on the in-vehicle terminal device 1. Here, solid line arrows indicate return directions by alternative guidance flags, while broken line arrows indicate return directions by the return direction flags. The arrows may be displayed on associated roads instead of along the roads, and the solid line arrows may be distinguished from the broken line arrows by different colors.
A deviation of the vehicle from the guidance route is not always limited to during running. When the starting point does not appear on a navigable road as illustrated in FIG. 14, this can be regarded as a deviation. In such an event, displaying a return direction is very convenient for the driver. For reference, even if the vehicle at the starting point attempts to go out to the road of the north-east link, which is a guidance starting point of the guidance route that has been set as a result of a route search, the vehicle cannot help going to another link to which an exit is actually provided, for example, a road of a north-west link, if there is actually no exit to that road. In this event, since a return direction is displayed for the north-west link, the driver can readily determine where to travel for returning to the original guidance route. Also, when the vehicle travels along the solid line arrows, the vehicle can reach the destination in accordance with the optimal route. In this way, by displaying the return directions not only for roads directing from the current position to the guidance route but also for roads surrounding the current position, the driver can readily determine and select a route to the guidance route.
At this time, the in-vehicle terminal device 1 has received the delivery map data 424 having the return direction flags and alternative guidance flags added thereto, so that the in-vehicle terminal device 1 can locate a return direction and displays the return direction together with the map. Also, during running, even if the vehicle deviates from the guidance route, similar return directions can be displayed on the in-vehicle terminal device 1, thus allowing the driver to reach the destination or the original guidance route following an appropriate route, without going astray. Moreover, in | [
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this event, the in-vehicle terminal device 1 need not communicate with the server device 4.
The return direction flags are displayed in the following manner. In the road link sequence data 4247 of FIG. 7, the node data 4248 is extracted for referencing the return direction flag and alternative guidance flag included therein. If the alternative guidance flag is set on, solid line arrows are displayed in the direction of an associated sequence of road links. Conversely, if the alternative guidance flag is set off, broken line arrows are displayed in the direction of the sequence of road links when the return direction flag is set on. When the return direction flag is set off, broken line arrows are displayed in the opposite direction to the sequence of road links. Here, the direction of the road link sequence data refers to the direction of a sequence of links made up of a series of nodes indicated by intersection IDs.
Here, supplementary description will be made on a deviation of the vehicle from the guidance route during running.
When the vehicle deviates from the guidance route during running, an alarming message is generated to announce "the vehicle has deviated from the guidance route," and then, a travelling direction is presented to the driver for returning to the original guidance route based on the information on the return direction flag corresponding to the link of the road on which the vehicle is currently running, just like a guidance in a so-called "turn-by-turn method." The indication of the traveling direction at this time is made based on the return direction flag previously described.
Generally, immediately after the vehicle has deviated from the guidance route due to erroneous driving, or immediately after the driver has intentionally made a temporary deviation from the guidance route, the driver is inevitably instructed to turn back the link based on a recommended course set for the link, as long as the road on which the vehicle is running is not one-way traffic. In such a case, the indication of the return direction displayed immediately after the deviation from the guidance route has the nature of notifying the deviation from the route. However, when the driver is running in the direction reverse to the recommended course and is instructed to turn back at all times, the driver may feel the instruction as offensive particularly when the driver is running on a road on which the driver experiences difficulties in changing the direction for return back.
Therefore, assuming that the vehicle is running in the direction reverse to a recommended coarse, if a node at an end of a link, on which the vehicle is currently running, is connected to another link, a return route may be presented from the end to the link on which the vehicle is currently running as long as the link is not marked with the black circle, as shown in FIG. 12, on the next node to which the link, on which the vehicle is currently running, is connected (i.e., a node at an end of the link on which the vehicle is currently running). Therefore, assuming the vehicle is currently running on a link in a direction reverse to a recommended course, if the vehicle has passed the midpoint of the link, the driver may now be instructed to run in the same direction. Then, when the vehicle approaches within a predetermined distance from the next node, a travelling direction is indicated based on the alternative guidance flag at the next node.
Further, if the in-vehicle terminal device 1 receives the delivery map data 424 appended with the sum vi of link costs at each node calculated in the return route search S7127 together with the return direction flag and alternative guidance flag for each node of the road data, after the vehicle has passed a section divided by an interior division ratio of the link costs at nodes at both ends of the link, the driver may be instructed to run in the same way even if the vehicle is running in a direction reverse to a recommended course on the link on which the vehicle is currently running.
FIG. 16 is a flow chart illustrating a procedure for locating an alternative route in the in-vehicle terminal device 1.
First, it is determined by the locator 622 whether or not the vehicle travels on a road (S6270). As a result, if the vehicle travels on a road (Yes at S6270), a road link L is determined by map matching of the locator 622, this is defined as a starting link L0of an alternative route, and the link counter is set to one (i=1) (S6272). On the other hand, if the vehicle does not travel on a road (No at S6270), the load link L closest to the position of the vehicle is extracted from all road link sequence data 42 | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -1.268114 | 0.714425 | -0.967326 | -0.343983 |
47, this is defined as a starting link L0 of an alternative route, and the ink counter is set to one (i=1) (S6271).
Next, nodes (N1, N2) at both ends of the road ink Li are located, and N is set to N2 (N=N2) if the return direction flag of N1 is set on, and N is set to N1 (N=N1) if the return direction flag is set off (S6273). Here, N corresponds to the intersection ID in the node data 4248 in FIG. 7.
Further, when the alternative guidance flag of the node data 4248 of the N is set off, node data 4248 having the same intersection ID as the data described in the identical intersection ID in the node data 4248 is extracted from other road link sequence data 4247. Here, since the same intersection ID is not limited to one, two or more node data may be extracted. Therefore, from the extracted node data 4248, one which has its alternative guidance flag set on is found, and N is replaced with its intersection ID (S6274).
Next, if the return direction flag of the node data 4248 of N is set on for a road link including N, L=(N, Forward Node of N) is set. If the return direction flag is set off, L=(N, Backward Node of N) is set (S6275).
Then, it is checked whether or not L is a destination link, and if it is not a destination link (No at S6276), Li is set to L (Li=L), and the link counter is incremented by one (i=i+1) (S6277), and the processing at steps S6273 to S6276 is repeated. On the other hand, if L is the destination link (Yes at S6276), the sequence of so far located links L0, . . . , Li is outputted as a alternative route (S6278).
FIG. 17 illustrates an exemplary alternative route displayed on the in-vehicle terminal device 1. In this example, while the alternative route is displayed in the same manner as the original guidance route, actually, the alternative route is displayed in a loud color different from that of the original guidance route, while the original guidance route remains displayed. Alternatively, the original guidance route may be erased, or displayed in a quiet light color.
The timing at which the alternative route is displayed is when the vehicle deviates from the guidance route. In this example, the vehicle is on an alley at the start in FIG. 14, and the start link is determined to be the north-east road link closest to the starting point to display the guidance route to the destination. However, the vehicle cannot go out from the alley to the north-east road link, and has no choice but goes up the alley toward north-west. In this event, as the vehicle approaches the north-west road link, and is determined to be closer to the north-west road link than to the north-east road link, the vehicle is regarded as traveling on the north-west road link. At this time, the vehicle deviates from the guidance route, and the alternative route is displayed.
The user of the navigation system may be puzzled if the system automatically changes the guidance route as in FIG. 17. For this reason, it may be convenient to simply display the return direction as illustrated in FIG. 15, such that the user is left to the selection of an actual return route, or it may be convenient to display routes which connect to the original guidance route, as illustrated in FIG. 19, later described. Therefore, the user is allowed to specify the way these routes are displayed. For this purpose, the in-vehicle terminal device 1 is provided with a button exclusively for selecting a display mode.
Alternatively, a soft button may be provided on the touch panel display 12, or a display mode may be selected by an audio input through a microphone.
FIG. 18 is a flow chart illustrating a procedure for locating a return route to a guidance route in the in-vehicle terminal device 1. While the procedure for locating a return route to a guidance route in FIG. 18 differs from the procedure for locating an alternative route in FIG. 16 in that the alternative guidance flag is not utilized, but the two flows are the same in the majority. Specifically, in the flow chart illustrated in FIG. | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -1.406684 | 0.44189 | -1.060574 | -0.33586 |
16, links are searched by tracing links which have a node, the alternative route flag of which is set on, whereas in the flow chart illustrated in FIG. 18, links are selected to set a return route which comes closer to the guidance route, to locate links which connect to he original guidance route. First, steps S62710 to 62713 in the pre-processing section are the same as steps S6270 to S6273 in the procedure for locating an alternative route.
As a node N is given by the processing at these steps, node data having the same intersection ID as the identical intersection ID described in its node data is searched and extracted from other road link sequence data 424. Then, if an extracted node has the return direction flag set on, L′=(N, Forward Node of N) is set. On the other hand, if the return direction flag is set off, L′=(N, Backward Node of N) is set. Here, if there are a plurality of the same intersection IDs, a plurality of similar L′ can be derived, in which case, the one closest to the guidance route is selected as L (S62714).
Next, it is checked whether or not L is included in the guidance route. If L is not included in the guidance route (No at S62715), Li is set to L (Li=L), and the link counter is incremented by one (i=i+1) (S62716), and the processing at steps S62713 to S62715 is repeated. On the other hand, if L is included in the guidance route (Yes at S62715), a sequence of so far located links L0, . . . , Li are outputted as a return route to the guidance route (S62718).
FIG. 19 illustrates exemplary return route to the guidance route displayed on the in-vehicle terminal device 1. As illustrated, unlike the display of the alternative route in FIG. 17, the return route to the guidance route is displayed, so that the driver is given a sense of security, as compared with the alternative route which can trace a route different from the guidance route even if the driver understands that he will reach the original guidance route or the destination sooner or later.
FIG. 20 is a diagram for giving a supplementary explanation on the same intersection ID.
In a road network illustrated in FIG. 20, a sequence of road links refers to a sequence of links which connect a sequence of nodes (1, 2, 4, 6); a sequence of links which connect a sequence of nodes (1, 3, 5, 6); and a sequence of links which connect a sequence of nodes (2, 3, 4). In this event, each node is assigned an intersection ID which is assigned separately for each sequence of links. Therefore, in many cases, each node will have a plurality of intersection IDs. In FIG. 20, the intersection IDs are numbers written below the respective nodes, wherein a node 2, for example, has intersection IDs 102, 302. Thus, the node data 4248 in FIG. 7 reserves fields for storing an intersection ID given as the link sequence data, and the same intersection ID as that intersection ID. The number of the same intersection IDs is not always limited to one.
In the embodiment described above, the server device 4 previously creates the direction data 423 to return to the original route based on the shortest path algorithm for each of roads included in an extracted range of a map determined for the first located guidance route, and incorporates the direction data 423 to return to the original route into the delivery map data 424 including the guidance route to the destination in the form of flag data for delivery to the in-vehicle terminal device 1. This direction data 423 to return to the original route enables the in-vehicle terminal device 1 to determine the direction in which the vehicle runs to approach the destination for each of roads included in the extracted range of the map, and to determine a road to be selected at an intersection for approaching the destination. Also, the in-vehicle terminal device 1 can locate by itself an alternative route to the destination or a return route to the original guidance route based on the delivery map data 424 delivered thereto. Therefore, whenever the vehicle deviates from the guidance route, the in-vehicle terminal device 1 can display an alternative route or a return route based on an optimal route without making additional communications with | [
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Year 6 have used the story of The Journey and written 2 diary entries using sections of the story as a stimulus to base their writing on.
Below, in the comments box, are their diary entries.
I felt terrified. 'Will my mum be okay?' I thought as a chill ran down my spine. Bombs surrounded us and I was more and more petrified each day. My blood turned cold. I was haunted by the nightmares of my father. We were worried – worried that we might not be able to make it to another country and this is where our journey began. It was all very sorrowful and I was mourning. The next day, we all were at the library scrambling for a book about this place in Europe. I found a book, which was about this place, and it was very strange and mysterious.
We finally made it to the boat. We all told stories about what was lurking underneath us. I felt nauseous. I was trying to take my mind off the journey. I was chatting to a person who sat in front of me. I asked my mother if this place was safe for us. She said, "Yes," with a tired smile. Suddenly, we heard thunder which was crackling above us. The calm seas turned into mountains of sea water. Because the wind was so strong, it pushed me off the life boat so I was clinging off the life boat. A fellow passenger helped me up.
"We have nowhere to go. We are searching for a new home," replied our mother as she pulled me and my sister away from the evil guard. We ran into the thick forest and hid beneath the spiky, cold, wet vegetation on the soaked floor.
It all started at night when we loaded all our belongings we could fit into our small cramped car and set off on our terrifying journey. As we drove, I thought about everything we had to leave behind. We drove on past colossal mountains, open fields and along a dark spooky road. Out of my rear seat window I saw many things including thick forest to hide the predators that lived there; small birds who called the woodland their home and the glowing eyes of unknown creatures waiting to scare any unwary animals moving through the woods. I felt brave and strong on the outside (however, on the inside, I felt weak and unworthy). I knew that father, who had been grabbed by the iron fist of the war, was gone forever. Our family, which had been strong and whole was ripped in half by the war, that we knew there was no stopping.
My children and I were devastated that the war and conflict took our family so we decided to flee our country. One of the bits of the journey was travelling across the sea and it all started an aqua – blue colour and it was sitting nice and tranquil but soon it all changed. The sea started to rock and rock and rock and it started to get tumultuous… I felt muzzy as it was crashing against rocks.
It stopped and I cuddled my children to make sure they were okay. We told positive stories with everyone else on the boat to take our mind off what had happened. With a sigh of relief, I spotted land that we could stay on.
We had arrived. On the outside, I felt amazed with how beautiful and elegant it was, but on the inside, I thought to myself, is this really the place where my children and I could live forever?
We hadn't quite finished our journey yet because as the sun rose, we stepped off the ferry. After that, we walked and walked and walked until we found a train station. We travelled for many more days and many more nights, crossing many more borders. The train, which was full of refugees, chugged for hours. I looked up from the train and spotted a group of birds migrating just like us.
Today was the worst day of my life. When we received the bad news, we were devastated as we read that our father was dead. When the war began, we fled and one day it took my father and our memories of him. We had cried as our mother was devastated and tried to assure us that everything was ok. It was like we were trapped in a pit of misfortune. He was part of us and we were never the same again. Our mother looked perfectly fine (but actually, on the inside, she was devastated and crying). After the bad news, we carried on with our lives heart broken by the terrible reminders. Soon, we found out he was shot by the terrorist | [
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bombers and greatly honoured by his family and friends. And then we decided it was time to leave that in the past and carry on with our lives but we knew he would always be with us. Mother (who was sad) carried on but the memory scared her for life.
As we drifted along the calm, ominous sea, we told frightening stories of monsters lurking under our boat that made me feel queasy. Floating along the repetitive sea, we lost more valuable members to the infinite sea and I was afraid I was next. Along the treacherous sea, it picked up a terrifyingly strong current and rocked our boat around as some of us got sea sick. Now we were rocking and swerving shouting for help shivering as over 50 people flew over board. This time we told new stories of the land we were heading for in hope of safety. My sister (who was hugging me) cried without reason. I looked scare but actually (on the inside I was warm and loved). Soon, the deafening storm passed and the waves dropped as the sun broke through the miserable grey clouds and shed light all over. My sister (who was excited) shouted happily as we reached land. Not long after land came to view, we all got excited to find a new home.
Today was an awful and unusual experience. I set off in a small boat. I had never been on the sea before it was quite amazing to see all the different creatures. One creature wrapped itself around the boat. The boat started to sway side to side ferociously. Some people fell off the boat because it was so rough; people were sick because they were sea sick and people sat in the corner of the boat crying and screaming in fear.
It all started with a relaxing and tranquil sea, but soon that all changed. All of a sudden, the rocky waves crashed all over us. I felt nauseous and hopeless. The treacherous waves, which were looming over us, made me feel redundant. Moments later, the hail and rain started falling. It felt like little pieces of rock being thrown onto my head. I wonder how my mother is reacting to this journey. (Does she feel the same way she looks on the outside?) Soon later the monstrous waves faded away. We started sharing stories about what we thought lurked underneath this dark ocean. As we were praying for hope, we could see land in the distance. I was so relieved when I stepped on land. I felt like I was home again. As I looked back at the boat, which was half broken into pieces, it looked tiny considering it could fit over 200 people on it.
After a long journey on the road, we were getting close to the border. When we managed to get to the towering border, I felt fearless and determined on the outside (but on the inside however I felt petrified and frightened.) When we strolled along the border, we asked the guard if we could go through. I stood isolated waiting for an answer. He declined. The guard, who told us to go back, said "we can't allow you to go past because we don't want to spread the war to another country." We were all devastated about the situation. We basically went on that perilous journey for nothing. We were asked to leave for the third time but my mother didn't give up. Fearlessly, my mother darted into the forest shouting for us to come as well. After running into the gloomy forest, we felt lonely and petrified as we hid behind a bush. As I looked around, all I could see was pitch darkness. Out of the corner of my eye, I spotted a flashlight coming towards us in the distance. I was praying for it not to be the guards. He whispered to us saying "I can help you get over the border," my eyes glistened in glory.
Today was an awful and unusual experience. I set off in a small boat. Suddenly, memories of my beloved farther flooded into my mind like ping pong balls. We thought of dad so much. It was almost like he was there. He would know what to do. Mum, who missed dad too, said we should tell stories about strange and dangerous creatures lurking below us so we did. We told stories about octopuses' tentacles curling around the edges of the red boat rocking it side to side ferociously; glow in the dark jellyfish that with one touch of its deadly and elongated tentacles you could die and blood-red sharks | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.761531 | -0.714112 | -0.405599 | -0.280423 |
that are hungry for human flesh and blood.
After hours of sailing, we saw a sign of happiness…LAND! Suddenly, everyone (including us) started cheering and shouting "We're safe, we're safe!" When all of the shouting stopped, mum and Harry (my brother) and I told stories about water fairies that would have casted a spell on us and make our lives better. The boat was only about 50 metres away from the nearest dock because the other one that was around the corner (which was empty) was about 250 metres away from the boat.
Today was the most depressing day of my life! It started when, me, my mother and my older brother- who is two years older than me- had just reached the border. Will we be able to cross? Something stormed over the wall while yelling "GUARDS!" It was a crimson red figure. As they came clear he was yelling to two other red figures. Because they didn't want war spreading, the guards told us to turn back. As our family turned and walked away, our mother told us "Children we need to find a place to rest," so she took us to a place nested with leaves. I unpacked my luggage containing only three items: a teddy bear to sleep with; a blanket and pillow to keep me warm and some food to and water to stay hydrated and not starve. Before we went to sleep, we asked our mother something "Mother where are we going?" I asked, she replied "wherever our hearts take us sweetheart." We fell asleep sweet and sound- I was very sleepy- my mother fell asleep too as we still seek sanctuary.
Me and my family –my mother and older brother- were on a boat with around two hundred people! As we drifted across the deep blue ocean, I felt something trickle down my nose. Rain? Yes. I was freezing. I put my blanket on but it didn't help – it only got wet. My mother told me it would dry if I left out so I did. It was still raining like a million tiny pebbles pounding against my pale skin besides I was bored. Even though I knew I would be terrified, my mother told us about the monsters that lurk underneath the boat waiting for it to capsize. I was terrified. I kept checking the sides of the boats for monsters- by this time it had stopped raining- our mother told us "my babies we are almost at land!" me and my brother jumped up and down!
We are finally getting away from our country. We had to climb in through the train windows and we have no idea where we are going. I suddenly missed my friends and their families. I remembered I used to go to their houses. The train buckled. It was the army. "There's a family on this train who don't have a ticket." We decided to get off at the next station to change for another train. With no army, we realised that the police were here. We realised we were at the border and this was border control. We had to get the next train which about 10 minutes away. We made a mistake we were caught. We thought this was the end. We heard gunshots. We saw dead bodies. Luckily, the train arrived early. We got lucky as there were lots of seats.
He's gone – really he's gone. I could see the bomber plane in the distance and our building fell down. Some of our friends died and then our father fell over some rocks, which were jagged, when a bomb hit. As well as grieving from the death of our father, some of our friends died as well as him. He was the most well-known person in our family now he's gone because of the president. Why did this happen to our family as well as our country? We were distraught. We needed to get revenge on the people who did this. I can't believe he's gone though. We will not be able to live here so we are going to move to a new country. A place where there was no war and conflict. They showed us pictures – strange and wonderful pictures – of a new country somewhere with no war and conflict.
It began with a peaceful and tranquil sea. You wouldn't have noticed you were on a boat if you couldn't see the sea. We were telling stories about the chilling creatures below us, which would devour us if the boat capsized. But the calm sea from before was fading away. The waves were getting bigger and bigger, crashing against | [
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the side of the packed ferry. We started to tell stories of fairies and angels to keep our spirits high. The ferry was rocking side to side like a seesaw. We all thought we were going to die.
After days of the cursed storm torching us, we finally spotted land. It was like a fine crystal. We were so glad we were alive and together. It was amazing. As we crossed the borders, which were smothered in guards, we were wearier every day.
We arrived at an old and run down train station. There were thousands of people there, just like us, seeking sanctuary.
Since we were able to sneak onto a train, we crossed many borders without climbing over walls and sneaking passed the ghastly guards. After we snuck on-board, we found a seat and every time the conductor came we would hide. Mum had brought some food but we didn't have enough so we had to share the food out. We were very hungry sometimes we would steal food from all over the train. On the outside, I was jolly and hopeful for the children (however, on the inside, I was petrified we wouldn't make it).
There were many wonderful birds fly past us on the train – large, small, and tiny. They were all migrating like us. I hope one day we will be free like those birds.
Today was the most depressing day of my life. It was a calm, happy, normal day at the beach. Dad and I were making a sand city, which was giant; Mum was reading a book, which was for adults, and my big brother was playing with a little fish. Suddenly, a roaring bang echoed across the town and people with guns were marching towards us. We ran. While we were running, we heard fires of guns shooting at us. Then Dad's silhouette dropped and shrank. I saw a red mist fly past me as cold, salty tears trickled past my heart broken face.
They were trying to rip us apart. Them monsters. Trying to kill us. We pray, we beg god for peace.
I've been on a perilous journey across the sea for days. It began sailing over the calm and tranquil sea with waves as small as a mouse, crammed with hundreds of people on board. But overnight, a wicked storm had brewed. Waves like mountains tried to engulf us into the waters of mystery and danger. Thunder and lightning, which were like giant, jagged fork of blinding, white light struck and vicious waves rocked our boat side to side while swirling winds were trying to knock us off course. People told spine-chilling stories of eerie creatures. Creatures like giant squid, which eat you in your sleep; beautiful mermaids who lure you into their trap and fish that blend in with their surroundings and gobble you up!
On our perilous journey to the border, we started by driving in a car. To avoid detection, eventually we had to slip into the back of someone else's car. We packed lots of things such as a carton of water which would keep me hydrated; a picture of dad which would remind me of him and binoculars which would help us see further. Unfortunately, every time we changed car, we had to leave stuff behind. After a bit, we had to change to the next car, but we lost a few things. I felt hopeless that we weren't going to make it over the border and free. Then we had to switch again but it wasn't a car, it was a biker which meant that we could only carry 5 things (one of them being water). A few days later, we tiredly stumbled off the bike. It was a long walk left so we had to struggle our way to the end for hours until we could see the border. When we arrived at the border, we almost collapsed to the floor because of tiredness. I was about if the guards would capture us.
Finally, we made it to the fresh, aqua sea. I rushed onto the boat as my family followed behind me. After that adventure, we found hope and safety. The sea was calm and tranquil as we sailed rapidly in the distance, with exhaustion. My sister and I told stories about monsters that lurked below the depths of the sea with deafening roars that shook the ground. On the boat that we were squished on, there were 400 to 500 others also trying to sque | [
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eze on without falling off. After a day or 2, we could see a horrible storm in the distance creeping closer to us at tremendous speeds. It was nauseous because of the boat rocking and because of the journey ahead. After a bit, lightning, which almost hit us, came down; waves, which splashed us, rocked the boat and rain, which covered us in water, nearly urelently flooded the boat with water. The sea was rough and strong pushing and pulling the boat across the water. We told stories about fairies roaming the forest at the land we were going to. After a while, we glimpsed the land in the distance creeping closer to us. A few days later, we arrived at the magnificent island which was covered in nature and greenery. I was amazed at how beautiful our new home was and how it was so relaxing to rest in.
As we ran we heard guards, coaxing us trying to catch us. As I caught up to Mother I whispered "where do we go?" We were very stealthy, which made the job for the guards twice as hard. With no turning back we ran from our hiding spot. We dashed for cover. We were petrified whilst hiding. The guards were very alert. Behind the rocks, I thought 'what would happen if we were caught`. Without a sound, we bolted across to the dark, dangerous forest and hid behind the foliage. Cautiously, I tip- toed towards my sister and mother. I held my sisters hand tightly. Because the guard's couldn't find us, they stomped back to their lookout posts which were old and worn down; they were also damp which was caused from the rain. They were waiting for us.
In the harsh environments, we knew we had to be quiet. It had been days since our father had passed. Inside our car we drove for miles without stopping. Our car had broken down so we had to hitch-hike. We climbed onto the back of a food wagon and traveled for days, until we found a bike with a carriage hooked on the back of the bike. Mother cycled us tirelessly as far as she could take us. The bike was a sandy-colored and looked worn- down from the amount of times it has been used. We woke to the bike on the floor and Mother stood next to the bike. She spoke with a strange roughness, "the border isn't too far from here." So we walked for miles on end until we reached the border.
What was meant to be an amazing day at the beach, turned into the worst day of my life. It began a few minutes after we got there. An army with many men started to rampage though the beach. The army that had tanks that were huge; many solders to take over the country and mongooses to run us down. Our mother half dragged me and my sister and frantically darted off the beach. As we ran the solders came closer and closer. I looked back to see our dad, that tripped over, get shoved to the ground and taken away. That was the last time I saw him. Gone in the blink of an eye. Our mother must have noticed as well a tear cascaded down her cheek. She tried to keep a smile on the face (but on the inside we knew how she felt). We had no idea what to do and what we would do. If we did not get away soon, they would take us to.
Today was the worst day of my life and it began with a calm sea. After we boarded the boat, we were trapped on it for many weeks with no food or water gasping for air over thousands of people. The waves, which were crashing against the boat, were slowly getting bigger finally made me feel nauseous. As the day dragged on, space was hard to find and I was slowly being pushed out of the way of my family. Then it began. A storm began with bellowing lightning striking the sea lighting it up. The storm was so severe that many people died but at least I was able to find more space from that. The storm that blew out at sea, made the sky pure grey with rain slamming into the sea. When would it end? The rain splattered against the rickety boat. I frantically looked for my mother and sister but I could not find them.
Today was so worrying. We set off in the car with all our things roped to the roof. In the car there was me, my brother, my mother and a faint memory of my lost father. | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.580846 | -0.663782 | -0.446843 | -0.333548 |
We missed him. It was like a black hole in my heart that could be filled with nothing else. The journey was not just in the car. We had to get in a random van, which was scary because we had to leave more behind; a fruit which was messy because of tomorrow's cycle, which was tiring and of cause the walk. There was a giant wall and the wall was covered in guards. I felt so disported because we had made a huge journey.
Because the journey was so long and difficult, I fell asleep with exhaustion. The next thing I knew I was on a train heading towards the UK. On the outside I felt happy; (however on the outside I felt a little bit sad because all of the memories with dad had been destroyed) the only thing left of dad was his glasses.
Today was a very depressing day, it all began with WAR! Me, my brother and my parents were having tea and suddenly the ear-piercing siren was set and we all knew what that means: bombs and war.
War is very terrifying as a kid- 6 years of chaos and no electricity. When is the war ever going to stop torturing us? On the outside, I felt brave and worthy whereas on the inside, I felt scared, worried and unworthy! My mum and dad, who hated war, never wanted our lives and soul to be negative about that stage. I felt like hands were grabbing us and pulling me closer to the war. I feel deserted in blackness with just me and the war. There was an inferno everywhere. I could hear dreadful screaming babies, which was really loud, I nearly got deathened. I was distraught and so was my family! Why just why? Mum whispered "if we flee our country, we are forced to live in a refugee camps we are safe there".
Me and my brother always had hair on ends (at the same time) when we scared.
Today was the most isolated, depressing day. It all started, when I was at the beach with my family. After me and my dad built a sand city, all of my hopes went down suddenly, because sadly war took my father!
I felt nervous because whenever anything happened my dad was always there. I was angry because it was all my entire fault and I was worried about my mum, she always loved my father – she still does and she loves me and my brother too! I felt hopeless and worthless that very day and onwards! I was devastated. I felt engulfed. On the outside, I felt brave and heroic (whereas on the inside I felt furious and grieving.). At this time, I knew I wasn't safe! Although I had lost my father, which is very upsetting, I knew I had to try and survive. Suddenly, my mum (who had lost her husband) came in to talk to us about dad!
My heart had broken into a thousand pieces. My farther had gone.
I was devastated when I found out that my father had died. The next few days had been difficult for all of us especially mum. Mum said we should pack. We wondered if we would be safe.
Eventually, I packed my things. Mum said we should pack the essentials so I did i packed: a scarf which can be used for multiple things; a torch so I can see in the dark and water to stay hydrated.
After our tireless journey sneaking in and out of vans, we made it to the border.
We were so close. With every step, we made it closer to freedom. I had mixed emotions. I was excited to be free but also worried because I only have 2 family members and no friends with me. Finally, we made it to the border.
We wondered how we would get over. Out of nowhere we spotted a giant, who was taller than the wall, and he told us to go back. We got so scared that we ran into the forest. It was so big. We just kept running eventually we stopped. We lay on the ground tired and weary. I fell asleep but all I could hear was my mother crying. I woke up startled and what I saw was horrifying. I saw my mother paying a stranger to smuggle us over the border it was still night.
We didn't get seen. We made it.
I felt nervous because whenever anything happened my dad was always there. I was angry because it was all my entire fault | [
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and I was worried about my mum, she always loved my father – she still does and she loves me and my brother too! I felt hopeless and worthless that very day and on wards! I was devastated. I felt engulfed. On the outside, I felt brave and heroic (whereas on the inside I felt furious and grieving.). At this time, I knew I wasn't safe! Although I had lost my father, which is very upsetting, I knew I had to try and survive. Suddenly, my mum (who had lost her husband) came in to talk to us about dad!
We could see the boat in the distance but we lost lots of things like: out house which was small but cosy; the sea that we spent many summers at; pets (a cat) and our friends because of the bombs. The boat came closer by the second. It was made out of rubber since it was reliable and affordable. The place (that we didn't know about) had great mountains, which were tourist attractions, which toured over everything. Finally the boat was here. There were a lot of people on it (500) so we had to squeeze on. We told stores of terrible creatures and shipwrecks of titanic sizes. Behemoth waves crashed into the raft while lightning struck around us.
The wall stood fiercely like an invulnerable barrier. A voice reached out of the shadows. "You aren't allowed here! Go back!" shouted a giant.
"We have nowhere to go." Mum spoke in a soft voice "our home was destroyed." We sprinted away into the forest (to sleep too night). Voices woke us so we sprinted away. "There are looking for us so we have to be quiet." Mum whispered as we hid in a bush they didn't spot us since we were hiding. We sprinted towards the border wall. Someone appeared in front of us. Mum paid him some money so it helped us over the wall but there was a long way until the sea. It was a treacherous and terrifying journey.
Finally, we had reached the border. There was a huge wall and we had to climb it but we had to leave lots of things behind and we only had three things. The only bad thing was a giant soldier looming over the wall who was terrifying. "GO BACK TO YOUR HOME!" the furious giant demanded. "We can't, we're so tired and weak," my mum replied. My little sister and I were so petrified. The soldier looked so powerful. We couldn't do anything, so we hid. We only hid because we felt so intimidated under the humongous giant. "This is the end" I thought, I was so scared but mum was never scared. Suddenly there were two booming stomps, heading towards us. After that out of nowhere, there was a strange man that we never knew. He had smuggled us over the wall.
Then we saw it. "Land!" I screamed. The land that might change our lives; the land that might not be boring; that could be amazing. We saw land! It was beautiful, there were lots conifer-green grass, no destruction, and there was life. We still had to travel on are squeaky and rickety and old boat but it lasted long enough. We still had to travel many days and nights due to the fact that we were looking from a distance. Whilst travelling many days and nights, I was thinking of what we will do if it's boring? I was curious and I thought "is this island safe?" The closer we got to the island the more excited I became. We were so close to the island but I was just too impatient.
Today was well and truly the worst day of my entire life. The heartless army stolen our beloved father. We were traumatised. They told us that they would take him to fight. After they took him, a few nights later he called us. A few minutes in, we heard a gun blast! We could tell he was dead .
After dad died, the only memories we have left are his glasses and an old family photo. I was petrified! My whole life had been tore apart. That night (which was devastating) we could tell our mother was isolated! That evening she told me and my younger sister that we were going to have to leave. She told us that we would leave at night fall that evening.
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.371632 | -0.655427 | -0.3722 | -0.141919 |
That morning my younger sister and I packed our suitcases. I packed dad's glasses for a wonderful memory; clothes so I could keep clean; a family photo and canned food. We had dinner early. We had fast food. We had it early so we didn't get caught.
My sister and I put our bags in the boot and next to my sister since I sat in the front. We stayed quiet and we stayed low. At the start of my journey, I was in the car then in the back of an old pottery van. After that, we jumped into the back of a fruit lorry. We ended up on mum on a bike and us in a cramped trailer. Then we faced the border.
As I carefully, quietly and slowly finishing packing, my suitcase overflowed. Soon I was ready to leave but we were ready to flee the country. My family and I set off for the start of our journey to wherever we were going to. Me and my brother were making our brains tired because we are wondering how long this journey would last. We were in our car as me and my brother got thirsty so we had a drink of; water, blackcurrant, orange, strawberry and apple juice.
Today I had the most depressing news passed on to me. My mum said that my father had passed away. When I heard my mum say that my dad had died me and my brother burst out crying. On the outside I tried I to show that I wasn't anxious and nervous, (however on the inside I felt anxious, sick and emotional .)I felt mortified. My whole body has gone numb I could feel sick in the back of my throat. Now it's on my tongue. I threw up. I felt very ill, so does my brother and my mum. We felt horrified and terrified .All I could think about is my father. That was the worst day of my life.
We had nowhere to go. It all started in our car. We were all excited but soon that excitement faded away. All we could take was a bottle of water and a blanket to keep us warm. After two hours, we had to sneak into the back of a van so we didn't get seen by guards. Suddenly, the van stopped and we all sprinted out and jumped on the back of a bike in secret. In the distance, there was a huge brick wall. We would never be able to climb over it. With all our strength, we struggled and struggled to get over it. It was impossible.
All of a sudden, a guard came darting towards us. He shouted, "Go back you can't cross this border." From behind us, there was an army of them. My mum, brother and I all raced and hid in the bushes. We couldn't go home. Our house was shattered and our town was full of powerful guns and ear-splitting bombs. After a few minutes, a smuggler came and he said, "If you follow me, we can get over the border." The smuggler, who looked very serious, was hard to believe but mother trusted him so we all followed his lead.
My family and I travelled by boat. At first, the water was calm and peaceful. We all wondered about our new country. We were all very excited. The boat, which was old and rickety, was moving very slowly. We all wondered how long it would take us to get there. Where were we going? All of a sudden, the clouds went grey and it started to rain hard. The storm had come. The boat was crashing against the huge rocks and bits of the boat were falling to the ground. If the boat tipped up, we are all going to die because it is really windy and the waves are crashing onto the boat. When the storm finally stopped, we all found we was going to the UK. Will we like it there?
Today was life changing for me and my children. My children had sat watching the tranquil and peaceful sea. Soon it had all changed .The aqua-blue sea turned darker and darker so my children cuddled me into my loving arms.
All the innocent birds screeched loud instead of tweeting peacefully as they migrated above our heads to escape the thunderous storm .Myself and my children felt distraught because we were all in grave danger. I felt all muzzy as the rubber vessel raft rocked like a baby's cot as if I was going to puke. As the sea crashed wild | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.303027 | -0.857192 | -0.514986 | -0.256074 |
ly, my children felt all nauseous as the dark blue salty sea splashed all over the deck of the raft. I had to get my children to safety so they didn't get hurt or wet. I had a headache as the sea lifted the raft onto the waves of the angry sea. I started thinking to myself, when is this going to end. The thunder, from the grey like grumbling clouds crashed like tamberines and the sea nearly took my life away. I silently had tears trickling down my soft cheeks as I cried. I felt scared inside.
We finally made it to the border but the tall, angry guard stood above us. The angry giant told us to go back home and I told him angrily that we are not going back. My children were scared of the noises behind us so I held my children in my loving arms like I was there for them. I begged desperately but no he shouted "Go back". We have nowhere to go and we are tired. We fled our country to be safe and we don't want to lose our lives. After a while, the guard felt all curious if he believed me or not.
Suddenly, the guard told the other vicious guards to get us. Shouting woke up my children as the guards chased us. I told my children to follow me to try and escape. After we got away, they lost us as we hid behind the big bush so we didn't even peek in case they caught us.
What was supposed to be a fun day at the beach turned into my worst nightmare. Me and my family, who were at the seaside, were happily sitting in the sun. As me and my brother built sandcastles , the aqua blue sea drifted in and out. My parents (who were chatting) didn't notice the strange shadows on the horizon. As the day dragged on, the shadows crept closer and closer until they were about 20 metres away. After a while, we were just an arm's length away from the military. I ran as fast as I could to get away. Petrified, me my mother and my brother fled. I turned around and watched the soldiers take my father. That was it. In the blink of an eye, he was gone. Despite all of this, my mother urged me on. When we arrived back at the house, which had been bombed, my mother told us we would have to leave at some point. Mortified and vulnerable, we cowered in the corner. I stared vat the photo of dad and cried.
The day dad passed away, war happened. My mum was petrified because she lost her husband. My sister and I were nervous because mum wasn't scared when dad was with us and dad wasn't anymore. Mum, my sister and I didn't know what to do, if we should stay or chance going to a different country. I was brave on the outside, (however, on the inside I was shocked because of war). I had fun days out with dad.
I remember going to the beach with dad. We were making a city with the sand, mum reading her favourite book and my sister was looking for shells to bring home. Since that day we never went again because our lives changed.
Every day we enjoyed our life until our dad gruesomely died from a bomb attack. That was the worst part that our dad died. After our beloved dad died and the fearsome war began, we knew that we had to flee our country. Before I felt happy and normal and very happy… but now I feel like a kid that never had fun or never had a mother and dad. I felt lonely and sad. I knew we had to flee our beloved home country so that we didn't end up like our dad. I still had hope that one day I will come back to Syria.
The next day I was walking to school and looked at dad's dead body, and said in my mind "I still love you and I will never forget you". Dads body location was next to the beach were we don't go to any more, because dad died there. The smoke was muzzy. I still had hoped that dad wouldn't die before my awesome day at the beach. The only thing I had left from beloved dad was his glasses. I knew we had to flee.
A day later we started packing up for our journey. I was the one to take dad's glasses. We set of for our journey across the lands and seas to our destiny, Greece. | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.454503 | -0.619535 | -0.472957 | -0.305871 |
Q: $\sup (A+B) = \sup A + \sup B$ I realize there are already other duplicates, but none of them are really my question.
In the proof for $\sup (A+B) = \sup A + \sup B$; why is it sufficient to show that $\sup (A +B) + \epsilon \geq \sup A + \sup B$ for all $\epsilon >0$. I already understand the other direction with $\sup (A+B) \leq \sup A + \sup B$
A: If $$\sup(A+B)<\sup A+\sup B,$$ then there is some $\epsilon>0$ such that $$\sup(A+B)+\epsilon<\sup A+\sup B.$$ Thus, in showing that $$\sup(A+B)+\epsilon\ge\sup A+\sup B$$ for all $\epsilon>0,$ we show that $$\sup(A+B)\ge\sup A+\sup B$$ by contrapositive.
Edit: For a moment, let's forget about the $\epsilon$, and deal with a statement that should be less obscure:
Given real numbers $x,y$. If every real number bigger than $x$ is at least as big as $y$, then $x$ is at least as big as $y$. Symbolically, $$\bigl[\forall z>x\:(z\ge y)\bigr]\Longrightarrow(x\ge y).\tag{$\heartsuit$}$$
Again, we prove this by contrapositive. Suppose $x<y$. Then there is some $x<z<y$. (In particular, letting $z=\frac{x+y}2$ be the midpoint of $x,y$ does the trick.) $\Box$
(The converse of the above holds readily by transitivity of the real order relation.)
Now, $$z>x\quad\Longleftrightarrow\quad z-x>0$$ and $$z\ge y\quad\Longleftrightarrow\quad x+(z-x)\ge y.$$ Letting $\epsilon:=z-x,$ we then have $z>x$ if and only if $\epsilon>0$, and $z\ge y$ if and only if $x+\epsilon\ge y.$ Thus, $(\heartsuit)$ can be rewritten as $$\bigl[\forall\epsilon>0\:(x+\epsilon\ge y)\bigr]\Longrightarrow(x\ge y),\tag{$\star$}$$ or, in words, if $x+\epsilon$ is at least as big as $y$ for all positive real numbers $\epsilon$, then $x$ is at least as big as $y$.
As a further alternative, put into the language of sets and subsets, $(\star)$ can be phrased: "If $(x,\infty)\subseteq[y,\infty),$ then $[x,\infty)\subseteq[y,\infty).$"
A: Edit: I now realize this does not really answer the question, but that was already done several times. Instead, this is how I think you should prove this inequality. No $\epsilon$.
Fix $b\in B$. Then for every $a\in A$
$$
a=a+b-b\leq \sup (A+B)-b \quad\Rightarrow\quad \sup A\leq \sup (A+B)-b.
$$
So for every $b\in B$
$$
b\leq \sup (A+B)-\sup A\quad\Rightarrow\quad \sup B\leq \sup (A+B)-\sup A.
$$
Note: all this uses is the fact that the sup is the lub. So whenever you exhibit an upper bound, it is not smaller than the sup. Of course, you need to treat the case $A$ or $B$ unbounded above separately: $+\infty=+\infty$.
A: $A$ and $B$ are sets:
For any $a\in A$ and $b\in B$, we have $a\le\sup(A)$ and $b\le\sup(B)$. Therefore,
$$
a+b\le\sup(A)+\sup(B)
$$
Thus,
$$
\sup(A+B)\le\sup(A)+\sup(B)\tag{1}
$$
$A+B=\{a+b:a\in A\text{ and }b\in B\}$. Thus, for any $a\in A$ and $b\in B$,
$$
a+b\le\sup(A+B)
$$
Taking the $\sup$ over $A$, we get
$$
\sup(A)+b\le\sup | [
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] | 1,024 | StackExchange | -0.014546 | 1.355531 | -0.766485 | 1.020503 |
Does wintertime have you dreaming of warmer sites? Our travel writer ranks his top 10 Caribbean islands.
12 months ago Hana
Here's a number of gems that I've cherished.
The spectacular blue drinking water is 1 of the principal sights in Anguilla.Christopher Muther/Globe Personnel
1. ANGUILLA — Anguilla, with its seashores, beach bars, and some of the finest hen I have ever consumed, charmed the shorts off me. In Caribbean island hierarchy, it's not as glitzy as nearby St. Bart's, it's more compact and much less populated than St. Martin, and it is substantially less business than other British outposts, this kind of as the Cayman Islands and Turks and Caicos. There are no quick food items chains on the island. Also, no higher rises, no cruise ships, and no casinos. What Anguilla lacks in tourist traps it makes up for in white sand beach locations (there are far more than 30 of them), and hospitality.
A cats relaxes on a curb in Old San Juan.Christopher Muther/World employees
2. PUERTO RICO — The island is the greatest of all worlds in the Caribbean. There are stunning seashores, a lively cash town, and a culture that combines the comforts of house (Puerto Rico is a US territory) and the balmy climes of the islands. The aged metropolis in San Juan may be as touristy as heck when the cruise ships get there (steer clear of days and times when the streets are clogged with cruise passengers), but you can normally escape with a excursion to El Yunque, Puerto Rico's rain forest.
The sunlight sets behind boats on the Caribbean island of Bequia.Christopher Muther/Globe team
3. BEQUIA — Bequia (pronounced BECK-way) is the next-premier island in the string of 32 islands that make up St. Vincent and the Grenadines. With a populace just in excess of 5,000, it is an unpretentious area where by flights cannot land at night simply because the small airport has no runway lights. There are no massive-chain inns or above-the-top resorts to be found. There is not even a Starbucks. There is one particular ATM machine on the whole island. In short, Bequia is an real escape in an age where it feels as if there are number of legitimate escapes remaining on the planet.
A lizard checks out the scene at a cafe in Jardin Botanique de Deshaies in Guadeloupe. Christopher Muther/World staff members
4 and 5. GUADELOUPE and MARTINIQUE — Guadeloupe and Martinique are two individual islands, but I'm pairing them right here because both equally are overseas departments of France, and each really feel much more rustic than some of their neighboring French islands. On the 430-sq.-mile island of Martinique, which is sandwiched among Dominica and St. Lucia, rum output is monitored as intently as champagne production in France. Rum tastings at distilleries are pretty much as impressive as the beaches. If you go to Guadeloupe, you ought to be in a bathing accommodate the bulk of the time, slathered in fruit salad-scented sunscreen. You need to also be stretched out on a significant towel gazing at the enticing pale blue ocean. My most loved beach in this article was Plage du Souffleur on the island of La Désirade, a small ferry journey from Grande-Terre. I have fond recollections of some of the bluest water I experienced ever had the pleasure of floating in. The sand was the shade of Benjamin Moore's Lancaster Whitewash paint. I marveled at how I almost had the seashore to myself.
The beach at Little Drinking water Cay, a lot more popularly acknowledged as Iguana Cay, off South Caicos.Christopher Muther/Globe Staff
6. SOUTH CAICOS — South Caicos, which is section of the Turks and Caicos archipelago, is a sleepy island exactly where you can escape the crowds of Providenciales, just like celebs this sort of as Neil Patrick Harris and Justin Bieber. It is remote more | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.957159 | -1.21019 | 0.005497 | -0.597275 |
than enough (an added flight from Providenciales is necessary to get below) that it will help to slender the crowds, so you are going to typically obtain by yourself alone at beaches. That is a in addition if you are wanting to system your to start with pandemic-period Caribbean excursion. The 8-sq.-mile island not only has famous people, it nevertheless has donkeys and horses roaming the roads, furthermore pristine seashores and wonderful snorkeling.
A very well-deserved check out of the island soon after a hike in St. Lucia.Christopher Muther/World Staff
7. ST. LUCIA — The island may perhaps be recognized as a vacation spot for lovebirds and honeymooners, but there's a good deal of other wildlife to be identified. It is a hiker's delight. The island is dominated by the Pitons, and soon after expending a day photographing them through my take a look at, I made the decision I would hike them. There are two, Gros Piton (2,530 toes) and Petit Piton (2,438 ft). There are no trail markers, so guides are necessary. It was an arduous and soaked hike (it rained various occasions), but the watch was value the hard work.
8. BARBADOS — If it's great sufficient for Rihanna, it is fantastic more than enough for you. Barbados is the wealthiest and most developed place in the Japanese Caribbean. Many of the Brits and moneyed Europeans with indeterminable accents who vacation here are wanting to allow free, not pinch their lbs . when they fall anchor near just one of the very well-appointed beach golf equipment for an afternoon of rum cocktails. I was drawn into the seashore club scene. For the duration of my visit I put in a leisurely afternoon at the Cliff Seaside Club. It was all solar-kissed pink cheeks and Gucci sandals beneath midcentury sputnik light fixtures. From there I moved on to Mullins Beach front Bar and Grill, a humbler place with a not-so-humble group. Base line: This an island very best frequented when you have just gained a raise, or you have a hankering to look at cricket or polo matches with a incredibly very well-dressed group.
The street into Gustavia, the money of St. Bart's, offers beautiful sights of the sea.Christopher Muther/Globe Team
9. ST. BART'S — Like Barbados, a fantastic time in St. Bart's does not appear affordable, but it remains a posh paradise. The island, an abroad collectivity of France with a yr-spherical population of 10,000, is best regarded as an escape for bold names these kinds of as Leonardo DiCaprio, Gwen Stefani, and Beyoncé. Quite a few other Caribbean islands depend on mass tourism from cruise ships, but St. Bart's limitations cruise ships to all those with no more than 300 travellers. Listed here, you can shop for goods from leading designers and dine in top rated-notch French restaurants, but you can also sample its 11 totally free general public beaches.
10. CURACAO — The island, 40 miles off the coastline of Venezuela, is component of the ABC islands with Aruba and Bonaire. Seized by the Dutch in 1634, it turned a self-governing region inside of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 2010. The most industrialized of the previous Netherland Antilles, Curaçao does not count on tourism as its sole market. It is a curious put in which one second you are soaking in lovely ocean sights, and the subsequent you're smelling oil from a close by refinery servicing the Venezuelan oil fields. In spite of the draw back again of smelling oil refineries, its signature iguana soup, aloe vera plantations, and ostrich farms give it a distinctly various truly feel from its Caribbean neighbors.
Christopher Muther can be arrived at at [email protected] Observe him on Twitter @Chris_Muther.
Tags: caribbean, dreaming, Islands, Ranks, sites, Top, travel, warmer, Wintertime, writer
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CNN has some interesting video as well as a .pdf transcript from the flight voice recorder on United Air Lines Flight 93, the plane which crashed in a Pennsylvania field on 9/11. Obviously, this pertains to the ongoing trial of Zacarias Moussaoui, where the government just rested its case.
40 brave people died in that crash. Reading the transcript reminded me that this entire incident could have been avoided if the government hadn't stripped us of our right to self-defense while on an airplane.
From watching the video and reading the transcript, it's very obvious that the passengers resisted and wished to defend themselves. I'm sure this was the case with the other planes, as well. Had but a few of the passengers been carrying concealed weapons, the entire disaster could have easily been avoided.
Have we, as a country, learned anything from 9/11? Yes, we've learned that nail clippers are deadly weapons, not to wear smelly socks in the security line, that we must carry ID with us, Bic lighters are contraband — and to suffer indignity after indignity for trying to get from one place to another.
This isn't an apology for the bad guys. But we have to remember that there will always be bad guys — and we have the right to defend ourselves from them. I'm still mad that 9/11 happened — and even madder that our elected officials haven't learned one damned thing from the tragedy.
Until our Second Amendment rights are restored, we will be under the constant threat of airplane hijackings. In exchange for this increased level of danger, we have the privilege of losing more and more of our civil liberties. Why isn't CNN covering this angle, too?
If concealed carry were allowed on planes, it's possible the terrorists may have never even tried to take things that route.
Of course I'm sure there would still be a few airlines that banned it themselves to cater to a more liberal crowd who desired "safety".
For the ultimate argument for the right to bear arms on a plane, you should see the upcoming movie "Snakes On a Plane".
I haven't heard of the movie, but it sounds like one I may wish to check out.
Well, probably not really, the movie is about the ridiculous concept of a hitman filling a passenger plane with hundreds of snakes to get at his target. The idea of the movie has of course gained popularity on the internet because of how far "out there" it is.
Of course this is a situation where you would want as many people carrying guns as possible. And such a movie is ironically less ridiculous these days as it would probably be easier to get snakes on a plane than it would for such a character to get, say, a knife.
it would be full to the gills and the safest flight available.
FINALLY! I thought I was the only person in america to believe the 9/11 was actually caused by the disarmament of the passengers because of that thrice-damned FAA rulemaking that allowed preboarding weapons screening. Hell, I said it for the first time on 9/12/2006 and people looked at me like I grew a third head. UNARMED americans had a 1/4 success ratio on 9/11 (success being defined at that time as "not being used as a living missile"), imagine what ARMED americans would have been able to do. It is downright SHAMEFUL that people who allegedly have the RKBA were held hostage by BOXCUTTER KNIVES. One thing though, I can really see the safety issue with projectiles and pressurized planes, so at least requiring education (and possibly frangible bullets) for carrying a gun onboard a plane may be a good thing.
If CCW was allowed on flights, the first armed crime on a plane, even if the dude got shot, would be the end of it.
THere's no doubt in my mind that had concealed carry been lawful in 2001, the twin towers would still be standing and 3500 Americans and visitors would be alive today. THe only real solution to crime, terrorists on our soil and other criminal indignities suffered by lawful American citizens is our ability to defend the defenseless by what ever means it takes.
Please keep your RKBA arguments rational; they work more effectively that | [
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way. The idea that allowing guns on planes would have prevented 9-11 is, to put it bluntly, idiotic. You're assuming that the terrorists would be unprepared for this; that they wouldn't bring aboard enough firepower to counter any passenger firepower; and that–most crucial assumption of all–that enough passengers would be psychologically ready to shoot to kill (and that the number of passengers who would interfere because they thought for one reason or another shooting to kill was inappropriate would be low enough to not make a difference) at the appropriate time (and that means before they took control of the plane, after which they could crash it at their own pleasure) to make armed countermeasures work. Real world experience tends to militate against these assumptions.
More rational would be the argument that crewmembers should have been armed–the assumptions aren't so important there.
Jeffrey, I guess I'm an idiot, then. I guess my .357 wouldn't have turned a terrorist into swiss cheese. The way I see it, a contest between a 9MM and a boxcutter isn't even a contest. I'm guessing that the terrorists would have just had to have enough people and firepower to take out each and every passenger, as they wouldn't have known who was and wasn't carrying.
Darwin would likely suggest those who think that shooting a hijacker is "inappropriate" are less likely to reproduce; I'd agree.
One either has a survival instinct or they don't. When the guns are drawn, there ain't time to think about making an appointment with the pshrink.
As to the "decompression" issue and bullet holes, I've spoken with pilots and aeronautical engineers who say that the only time that was ever an issue was in a James Bond MOVIE; in the real world bullet holes in pressurized planes simply whistle noisily and kick the air handlers into high gear. Besides, I'd rather have a .45 hole in the plane than a 35,000 volt 'taser' loosed in the cockpit amongst the instruments. The government's alternative is to shoot the plane down with an F-16, and that's a hell of alot worse decompression than even my friends hot .45 Colt reloads!
"first do no harm" – gun control LAWS lead to far more innocent deaths than 'easy access' ever could.
I'm sure your .357 would make a terrorist very holy. But the question to be asked is, would he be able to make you into something just as holy in return? I'm sure he would plan for it. And (turning to your other objection) consider how the constraints you would be operating under would limit you. You would need to realize that it was necessary to shoot, and perform the act of shooting, by the time they got to the cockpit door–because once inside the cockpit door they would have been in ultimate control (that is, able to ensure that the plane crashed in the manner which it actually did). Could you do this? Could your average gunowner, who may not have any sort of training or military background to prepare themselves for such an occurrence, do so? And could you be sure that some person, because they didn't realize the seriousness of the situation because they weren't paying attention, or because they were afraid of decompressing, or because they were an idiot, would not interfere?
Dr. J — My automatic instinct would be to find something to plug the hole. I'd guess a glossy magazine would do just fine, or the plastic coated emergency instructions in the seat in front of me would do just fine.
I'd rather take my chances on that than in almost certain death with no way to defend myself.
The Bush regime has done nothing to increase security of the American people as a whole, using DHS to manipulate the terrorist threat level to maintain their political control.
Banning butane lighters on airplanes wouldn't be necessary if DHS could actually prevent terrorists from getting explosives on the plane.
I don't actually think that Terrorists had as much to do with the attacks on 9/11 as the Bush regime would like us to believe. Everything they've said regarding the War on Terrorism has been a lie, so why should we believe what they say regarding 9/11.
There are some flaws in your argument. First of all, Mr. Terrorist would not know if I | [
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(or any of the other passengers) was carrying in the first place. They'd simply have to kill us all — and very quickly at that, before one of us could draw a weapon.
Additionally, firing a weapon is not rocket science. While I'd strongly recommend that people train to properly use a weapon, it only takes a few seconds (aside from my wife and her overloaded purse) to draw and fire. It takes me much less time, but I'm very used to carrying a pistol.
What you propose is simply outlawing my right to fight for my own survival. I'd be more than willing to take the risk. It's much less risky than putting my life in the hands of the U.S. Government.
The Federal Government plays a numbers game with us. There "might" me an armed Air Marshall on any given flight. So far this may have been a deterrent. The only case of an Air Marshal using his gun in anger so far was not even in an airplane; it was in a jetway when an unfortunate innocent man who had not taken his meds was killed in front of his wife (I am not saying he didn't precipitate his actions of his own accord, I am only saying he was innocent of trying to hijack or blow up the plane).
Imagine if there was no Air Marshals. Imagine instead that the plane was full of people who might be carrying their own arms. I would venture that none of them would have chased that man down after he left the plane in order to murder him in the jetway.
I believe he was killed because the Air Marshal had a mandate to stop "terrorists". Normal citizens only have a mandate to protect themselves. Threat leaves the plane, threat no longer exists. I'd let the tourists in the lobby deal with him.
Actually, Stephen, as much as I hate to admit it, Jeffrey has some good points here. Mind you, I abhorr gun control laws. And I am NOT advocating them here.
you do not even need a permit/license at all if not concealing the weapon. Even with that, a distinct minority even carry weapons. Taking again our example of 500 passengers and adding 5 hijackers — the numbers of individuals likely to be willing/able to act to stop a hijacker — and have good enough aim to successfully *hit* said hijackers reliably — would also have to be determined enough to die in the process. Because at best there'd be 3 such individuals, and none of them — unlike the hijackers — would know of the others. Sure, once they acted, others would carry on the actions of the first (it's called mob rule). So having guns onboard would make these things more difficult, yes. If the hijackers also carried military surplus ballistic armor under their clothes — noticeable but under this premise not *stoppable* — then the scenario quickly gets far, far worse. Much as I initially reacted well to the concept, in examination it doesn't pan out well at all.
2) I'd rather take my chances on a shootem up than certain death, as happened in this case.
3)Just because a majority of people are fools doesn't give anyone the right to keep me from defending myself.
Again; I truly love the idea. But to expect that all citizens are of sufficient zeal, dedication, and wherewithall to, in an emergency, lay down their own lives for the benefit of *others* — because recall that at the time the planes were taken, no one believed they would be taken to their deaths (and once this conclusion came out *then* the passengers were martyr-iffic) — to expect such a thing, honestly, is asking too much of the human condition.
Not worried about armor. I only have one weapon that I couldn't make a clean head shot all the way down the aisle in a 757. I use it more for extreme concealment than for firepower, though.
I'm not expecting anything of the human condition except for my personal right to defend myself.
Mr. Gordon, I'm sure you could aim and fire a pistol with a high degree of accuracy withing a few seconds. I could do so, as well, albeit with much much less accuracy. But you are omitting reaction time–that is, the time that bridges the moment you observe a terrorist taking over a plane and the moment that you realize you need to shoot him. That is not necessarily instantaneous. It may in fact take some time before that realization occurs | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | -0.444165 | 0.208289 | -0.273629 | -0.719651 |
. And even in these days of the Department of Homeland Insecurity, most people don't expect a terrorist to take over their flight–which will slow down reactions further.
And it assumes that you are physically in a position where you can observe the terrorists in action and have a clear shot–that you aren't well away from the cockpit, for instance. In most jets, in fact, you would need to be seated in first class or business class to have any idea of what is going on at the cockpit door.
Stephen — I don't have data I can quote on the matter, but personal experience leads me to the conclusion that those whom bear arms share only one trait in common; a higher factor of aggression.
That being said, personal experience also indicates to me that aside from that characteristic, there is no impact on the percentages shown above. Granted, those situations were ones where the use of firearms were not involved, but yes, there was violence in some of them. (I was a witness, not a participant, but for purposes of said statistics, based on reactions, myself and others like me counted).
Even so, this could at best double the number of willing men. Making the numbers roughly even, with the singular advantage to the terrorists that they are prepared, and organized.
roughly the capacity. The statistics get far, far worse.
And Stephen; I applaud your right and desire to defend yourself.
And here I will quote Miyamoto Musashi and exit this conversation, as we are in essential agreement with all but the external realities of this conversation; idealogically we agree :).
Said quote/paraphrase: In personal combat, there are but three resolutions; 1) you kill your opponent. 2) you and your opponent kill each other. 3) your opponent kills you.
In entering any combat, prepare for death; for of all possible outcomes, in two of three you die.
I freely grant that an individual as exceptional as yourself, Stephen, would pot-shot at least one, possibly two, before the others reacted. But statistically speaking to be effective, you'd have to get 3-4.
Jeff: I'm sure Stephen only travels 1st-class or Business.
I usually fly coach — I'm a cheapskate. I prefer booking early on airlines that let you pick your own seats — so I can get the exit row. However, I fly enough to save upgrades for the really long flights. Legroom becomes extremely important on 12 hour or longer trips.
And I'm not arguing that you shouldn't have the right to defend yourself.
Ian — I am aggressive, in defense. I simply choose not to initiate aggression. But I sure as hell will take the bad guy out — or die (and your analogy properly indicates) trying.
I find that aisle seats are the best ones–let you get off the plane before everyone else, and walk up and down the aisle a few times. Also, in the context of this thread, they will let you get the clear shot down the aisle to the cockpit you need, if the first class curtain isn't closed.
But perhaps your legs are longer than mine.
Great idea, 9/11 could have been stopped dead. So the real question is, how come we have to submit to the indignity of full body searches just to fly? (because of the possibility of bad folk wishing to make a political statment. looks like the idea failed badly).
Article 7 The English Bill of rights. (On which yours is based.) Ours is long dead, but some of us are complaining.
If you are licensed to carry, carry.
or change your liberal fearful government based on your right to carry.
Generally, if you own a gun you are taught that you must be psychologically willing to shoot to kill. You never carry a gun unless you are psychologically prepared to draw it. You never draw a gun unless you are psychologically prepared to fire it, and you never fire a gun unless you are psychologically prepared to be responsible for a death.
In today's world, responsible gun owners are usually very well trained. They shoot on practice ranges a lot keeping themselves completely comfortable with the idea of using a gun.
There's something to be said that if passengers were allowed to carry guns, then the terrorists would have used guns too instead of box-cutters, but we aren't talking about a few heroes on the plane with concealeds, we're talking more | [
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about a well armed citizenry in general, where many people are armed, and a plan of attack on a plane would just not be feasible enough and worth the risk to plan for years and train pilots.
Paul — your points are not lost on me. The arguments I was making, however, are by no means abrogated by your statements. The one real definitive impact, however, of having a well-armed citizenry even on-board a plane is simply that it would reduce all terrorist actions on planes to one of two formats: bombs already on the plane, or a *large* number of organized terrorists.
My arguments were based on the feasibility of the statement that gun-rights could have changed 9/11. Respectfully, I must insist that the events of that day, should only the right to bear arms be restored and no other alterations made, would have resulted in the same events as already occurred. After all; say five men stand up, and one of them declares he has a kill-switch bomb strapped to him that will take out the plane, if his demands aren't met to give control of the plane over?
Today is obviously a different story.
Now, there are other methods besides gun-possession by which one might defend themselves. Anyone heard of the "30 feet rule"? Don't mistake me; I am absolutely and vindictively *FOR* the absolute nonrestriction of gun-ownership/possession. But I also insist that arguments made — especially those that must reach the public — must be ones that are rhetorically/logically as sound as possible.
Again, for the record, I have never owned a gun and never plan to. This hardly leaves me unarmed, however.
The first, most effective weapon, is the mind.
Allow guns on airplanes??? Have we gone mad??? Everybody knows it's safer just to let the hijackers get what they want and let the highly-trained professional government agents handle our safety for us. Baa baa baa. Ewe know what I mean?
30 ft rule, are you speaking of the gnerelazation that if someone is trying to charge you from within 30 feet wou won't have enough time to draw your weapon and get a good shot off? I generally hear that from people who think swords are really cool, but it doesn't sound implausible, either, given a relatively athletic assaulter. though trust me, if I'm running at you and you have 30 feet, I'm a dead man. Years of addiction to sugar and carbs had made that a truthitude.
I don't think any one is saying the outcome of 9/11 would definitely be different with guns involved, but I believe it might have been different.
Basic question: What's all this blather about CCW permits? What part of "infringed" don't you understand? If you accept that the government can license you to carry, you are way down that road the "Brits" have gone.
Next question: If the passengers had stopped the hijackers, would the Govt. have had to use only the demolition charges to take down the towers and Bldg 7?
Good luck. Like Milton Freidman, (until things improve) I will not fly airlines. I'd rather drive all the way across the country than to put up with the TSA terrorists.
May I first say, that the terroriest would not have guns. Being non US citizens it is against the law.
Second most of us well atleast me, I can hardly get in to one of those seats without a gun. Now add an inch or two and I'll never fit.
Paul Pace: something similar to that, actually. I was talking to the "truthism" (tautology in many cases) that states that a well-armed knife-fighter in an individual conflict with a man with a gun, so long as both keep their weapons holstered at the onset of violence, will reliably "win" every conflict against an equally well-trained gunman so long as he is within 30 feet.
The reason for this has to do with the reduction of mental actions necessary to perform the act of violence.
Gunman: Draw, aim, kill. Three actions. An extremely well-trained gunman can make it two; by drawing and aiming in the same action. Pulling the trigger will always be a separate action.
Oh, and by the way; there are lies, damned lies, and there are statistics. | [
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no planes hit buildings. I will go with people with guns over not.
In 1969 my mother showed the duty officer her new gun and papers.
she had to pay 25$ duty and then put it back in her purse.
my dad carryed ALL the time (he was a spook) ALL the planes I flew on were not hyjacked .food for thuoght ,have a hempyday.
Jeffrey Smith makes some very unrealistic statements. Regardless to how much firepower the terrorists brought onboard they still couldn't have kept a close eye on every single passenger aboard. And why would these terrorists have more firepower? Because criminals can run around with fully automatics, but if your a law abiding citizen than you can't legally own one. It doesn't make any sense to make laws that prevent innocent people from protecting themselves. Gun control caused 9/11 and caused more crime and deaths during Katrina than there should have been. Nobody ever learns from these experiences. Why are people being so ignorant?
Gun control, per se, did not cause 9-11. The seeds for 9-11 and most social unrest to happen is the basic shift of personal responsibility away from the individual toward the government. Don't do anything unless it is approved. The basic, insoluable problem, is that government cannot protect everyone all of the time, nor does government want to. Individual cases of callousness by government build, until there is no real support for that government: and that is where real trouble sets in.
9-11, the London bombings and the debacle in New Orleans point that out. In 9-11, the people trusted and were let down. In London, the people trusted and were let down. In New Orleans, people trusted and were essentially robbed by their own police. It is time and past time that we take a very close look at who we are electing and for what reasons.
This is an old idea. Archie Bunker on "All In The Family" suggested it decades ago – he said .45's should be loaned to everyone when they boarded a flight. He said there would be no hijackings then, and he is still right today.
I like that, the logic is clear, anyone that wants a 45 give it to them. That makes it far less likely that anyone will attempt anything as outrageous as that.
Trust me they will never allow this here in Totalitarian Britian.
The Subjects that are Protestants may also keep and bear Arms for their defence as is allowed by law.
The People may also keep and bear arms,like the criminals gov., Standing Army, police, MI5, MI6, special branch, and our new secret police who swear allegiance to no-one.
But it doesn't look very likely looks like we are slaves now, forever begging for allowances.
I believe it is safe to say that "law enforcement" didn't fail to remove potential weapons from September 11th terrorists as much as they SUCCESSFULLY romoved weapons from all others and those who enforce laws and obey orders that infringe on the God given right to defend life through arms continue to facilitate future acts of terrorism to this day. If this point gets out enough, the truth can be known: Gun Control is the foundation of Terrorism.
Daniel — then why isn't Fox News covering it?
Erik — do you have any facts (or even anecdotal cases) about planes going down because of a bullet hole in the skin?
The fact of the matter is, you can't look at gun control in terms of statistics. You have to use logic (I know, scary…most people don't use this anymore). You have to look at crime as a social issue, and not an issue of access to firearms. Switzerland has fully automatic assault weapons in every home, but a low crime rate. Japan has no guns, but a low crime rate…so…you can't use statistics. Here's the logic!
If you pass a gun law, I would be the one not able to obtain the weapon. Obviously someone who doesn't care to follow the laws by committing a crime isn't going to care that his or her gun is illegal!
The same holds true about terrorists. Disarm us, and we will be defenseless against those who care not for the rule of law.
Another point, though…on 9/11, the weapons they used weren | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | -1.257246 | -0.779325 | -0.692515 | -1.15382 |
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Deputy McCray began his career working as a Juvenile Correctional Officer at the DeSoto Juvenile Correctional Facility in December of 2002. In October of 2005, Deputy McCray was promoted to a Juvenile Justice Correctional Supervisor, where he supervised twelve staff members and twenty-four juveniles. He would conduct group on substance abuse, anger management and daily life skills training. In October of 2010, Deputy McCray began his Law Enforcement career at the Arcadia Police Department in the Road Patrol Division.
Deputy Matthew McCray was hired by the DeSoto County Sheriff's Office in October of 2013 and was assigned to the Uniformed Patrol Division. In January of 2016, Deputy McCray was reassigned as the School Resource Deputy at the DeSoto Middle School. For the 2018-2019 school year, Deputy. McCray will be assigned to the DeSoto County High School.
Deputy McCray has continued his education through the following training: Field Training Officer, Motivational Interviewing, Instructor Technique Workshop, Incident Command System, Injury and Death Investigation, Crisis Management for School Related Incidents, Patrol Rifle Training, Anti-Gang Training, Basic School Resource Officer Training and Annual Florida Association of School Resource Officer Conference.
Off-duty Deputy McCray serves his community by coaching local youth sports. Deputy McCray is currently the President of DeSoto Youth Football Program and he has coached football for the previous fourteen years. He also has assisted in coaching baseball for the past three years.
Deputy Matthew McCray
mmccray@desotosheriff.org
Deputy Ernesto Alonso was born in Berrien Springs, Michigan but was raised and resides in DeSoto County. He began his Law enforcement career with the DeSoto County Sheriff's Office in July of 2016. He worked a brief period of time with the Manatee County Sheriff's Office as a Patrol Deputy. While at the DeSoto County Sheriff's Office he has been assigned to Patrol, Criminal Investigation Division and has also served as a member of the agencies SWAT Team. Some of his specialized training includes; Advanced Report Writing, Speed Measurement – Radar, Basic Patrol Rifle, Active Shooter emergency response, Death and Homicide Investigations, and Crisis Intervention Training. In March 2019 he was assigned as a School Resource Deputy at the Nocatee Elementary School where he had attended from Kinderg | [
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arten through 5th grade.
Deputy Ernesto Alonso
ealonso@desotosheriff.org
Deputy Klug started his Law Enforcement career working as a Detention Officer for the Colquitt County Sheriff's Office in Georgia in March 1998. In January 2000 he completed the Georgia Peace Officer Police Academy, and began working for the Tifton Georgia Police Department, as a Uniformed Patrol Officer.
In 2002, he began training new Officers as a Certified Field Training Officer, and obtained his Georgia POST Intermediate Certification. In 2005, he earned his Georgia POST Advanced Law Enforcement Certification and moved to the Traffic Division, investigating motor vehicle collisions and traffic enforcement. From 2008 to 2010 he continued his education completing the Professional Management of Policing thru Columbus State University and earned his Georgia POST Supervisory and Management Certifications. He was promoted to Patrol Sgt in 2011. Throughout his Georgia Law Enforcement career he completed over 1400 hours of specialty advanced training, to include, Advanced Report writing, Patrol Rifle, Interviews and Interrogations, Accident Investigations Level I and Level II, Active School Shooter Basic, Intermediate, and Advanced level response, Speed Detection, Intox 5000 Certification, LIDAR, Accident Calculations, and Internal Affairs. In 2011, he completed the Florida Cross Over Academy in Marianna Florida and successfully passed the State exam, earning his Florida Law Enforcement certification.
In 2014 he completed the Army Corps of Engineers Explosive School in Loveland Colorado, to earn his UXO Tech I Certification.
Deputy Klug relocated back to the area and was hired by the DeSoto County Sheriff's Office in 2016, and was assigned to the Uniformed Patrol Division. Since 2016 he has completed Patrol Rifle and Firearms yearly qualifications with the Sheriff's Office. He has completed School Resource Officer Basic, NIMS 100 thru 800, and Crisis Intervention Training,
Deputy Klug is a US Navy reservist as a Military Police Officer. His previous assignment was as The Leading Petty Officer for a 38 Naval Security Forces unit and is currently assigned as the Command Master-at-Arms for Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 14. His duties are as the Law Enforcement and Heavy Barrel weapons Instructor for the entire 680 personnel. He has two combat deployments, Iraq 2006-2007, and 2016-2017, one Humanitarian deployment for Hurricane Katrina Relief 2005.
Deputy Jason Klug
jklug@desotosheriff.org
Deputy First Class Paynter began his law enforcement career with the DeSoto County Sheriff's Office in 2012. He has spent the beginning part of his career in the Uniformed Patrol Division. Deputy Paynter is being reassigned beginning the 2018-2019 school year to Memorial Elementary School.
Deputy Paynter has continued his education through the following training: Field Training Officer, Advanced Report Writing, Crisis Intervention Team Training, Interviews and Interrogations Training, Patrol Rifle Training, Annual Florida Association of School Resource Officer Conference, and Active Shooter Training.
Deputy Jared Paynter
jpaynter@desotosheriff.org
Deputy Adam Roppolo was born and raised in Sarasota County, Florida. He began working with the DeSoto County Sheriff's Office in the Uniformed Patrol Bureau in November of 2017. In 2018 Deputy Roppolo was transferred to the Support Bureau, assigned to the Criminal Investigation Division where his assignments included investigation of Person's Crimes, Internet Crimes against Children (ICAC), and working with the Department of Children and Families (DCF).
Some of his specialized training includes; Basic Patrol Rifle, Death and Homicide Investigations, and DUI Investigation.
Deputy Roppolo enjoys firearms, shooting, and assisting with coaching his niece's softball team.
Deputy Adam Roppolo
aroppolo@desotosheriff.org
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Mike Shannon on his decision to retire from broadcasting the Cardinals after 2021 season
SLU High grad tracks down, confronts priest he says abused him in 1974
by: Chris Hayes
Posted: May 9, 2019 / 10:55 PM CDT / Updated: May 10, 2019 / 01:13 PM CDT
ST. LOUIS – An alleged abuser and his victim met face to face after 45 years. It's not what a SLU High School graduate expected when he set out to find his old teacher. The former student's journey started with a message from the Catholic Church.
The message came in the form of a news release in December 2018 with a "List of Jesuits with credible accusations of sexual abuse of a minor."
Mike Sullivan found his old teacher's name on it. Then he found the priest living near the St. Louis University campus.
"He's still on the Jesuit's dime. It says he lives under supervision but, you know, frankly if the guy was a lay teacher he would`ve gone to jail," he said.
Sullivan found Father Paul Pilgram living at Jesuit Hall on Lindell. It's just a few miles from where he says Father Pilgram sexually abused him.
We stood outside the SLU High School campus medical room.
"Yep, that's the place," Sullivan said.
It was 1974. Sullivan was 16.
"He really betrayed a lot of trust there, especially since his modus operandi was to do it under the auspices of instruction," Sullivan said.
Sullivan said he and another boy told SLU's president and they got action.
"His response was, 'Well, we can't have that here' is what he said and within a day Father Pilgrim was gone."
He says it never left his mind.
"Later, I realized the entire student-teacher dynamic suffered," Sullivan said. "I was never really the same student again."
Sullivan thought he'd let it go and moved on until December 2018, when he saw a news release from the Jesuits. It described how Pilgram moved to other churches after Sullivan's complaint. Pilgram not only kept working in high schools but students continued complaining – at Regis High School in Denver and Rockhurst in Kansas City.
"The thing that really hurt me the most was reading that," Sullivan said.
Sullivan also felt empowered by the church because of the Pope Francis' Christmas address and call for justice.
"To those who abuse minors, I would say this: convert and hand yourself over to human justice and prepare for divine justice," Pope Francis exclaimed.
"The Pope's own words the other day gave me some comfort in that they should turn themselves in and that his other part of his statement was that uh we need to shine light on this," Sullivan said. "There's been too much darkness for too long."
Sullivan decided he wanted to talk to Pilgram again now four decades later.
We went with him to White House Retreat where the Jesuit news release said Father Pilgram was living. A worker said Pilgram wasn't allowed here because kids are often around. He looked up Pilgram in a Catholic directory and directed us to Jesuit Hall on Lindell. It's home to priests who work on the SLU campus or others who have retired.
Outside, we asked Sullivan, "What do you think will happen?"
"I don't know. I thought originally they'd say, 'No, get out of here. You'll be thrown off for trespassing' and 'you are not going to be able to see him' because they say he lives under supervision. Well, his supervisor is more than welcome to accompany us down to the police headquarters. That's fine."
Sullivan went inside and he found Paul Pilgram. They spoke face to face for nearly 20 minutes. He said Pilgram would not agree to go with him to police but he said the priest listened. Sullivan walked out in disbelief.
"I'll tell you, the face-to-face with him was more emotional for me now than I thought," Sullivan said. "I've had a wonderful life, this aside, but this is one thing that I could never get out of my craw because of | [
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Recent studies from faculty and doctoral students in the Occupational and Environmental Health Nursing (OEHN) program at UC San Francisco (UCSF) School of Nursing have continued a long tradition of investigating overlooked health risks for workers – particularly socioeconomically disadvantaged and understudied groups – and finding ways to reduce those risks.
The recent studies found that hospital cleaning workers and dry cleaners are often unnecessarily exposed to unhealthy levels of toxic chemicals; taxi drivers experience elevated levels of stress, musculoskeletal pain and physical danger; and young people who've had difficult childhoods are at heightened risk for a range of work-related injuries and illness.
These workers are particularly vulnerable because they have often have little power to change their working conditions, few in-house health protections and spotty awareness of the risks or how best to address them. Yet they represent only a small sample of the working environments where individuals could benefit from more robust occupational health programs.
In fact, many people work in conditions that can and do adversely affect their health and safety and drive up health care costs. According to the Northern California Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH) – of which the School's program is a part – every day an average of 9,000 US workers sustain disabling injuries on the job, 15 die from a workplace injury and another 137 die from work-related illness.
Over the last few decades, many employers have recognized these dangers and found economic, regulatory and moral imperatives to keeping workers healthy and on the job. In the belief that the workplace holds significant leverage for changing people's health behaviors, some organizations have even instituted programs that go beyond protecting people from work-related risks to include health and wellness programs such as smoking cessation, support for exercise and stress reduction.
The belief that the workplace holds significant potential to improve population health and the health of vulnerable workers is a central tenet of the Northern California COEH, which includes diverse disciplines from UCSF, UC Berkeley and UC Davis. The center recently had its National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) funding renewed for another five-year period (2015-2020), a cycle of success that recognizes more than 35 years of important work in which the School of Nursing's program has played an important role.
OiSaeng Hong The centers were envisioned as multicampus, multidisciplinary teaching and research programs to educate future leaders, develop new knowledge and bring the University of California's resources to the general public. Today, the COEH is one of 18 university-based Education and Research Centers (ERCs) nationwide that NIOSH funds. Of the 18, only 11 have NIOSH-funded OEHN programs, according to OiSaeng Hong, who directs the School's OEHN program.
The fellowships and the ready availability of jobs in occupational health help attract a steady stream of students. With increasing numbers of companies that are interested in employing nurse practitioners (NPs) because they can also provide primary care, case management and injury prevention expertise, the School's OEHN program supplies a much-needed workforce of nurse practitioners and occupational health specialists. Many have gone on to leading roles in occupational health at the local, state and national levels.
"The Occupational and Environmental Health Nursing program is the premier teaching program in our center, which is no small accomplishment because our other programs are very good," says occupational and environmental health physician John Balmes, who directs the COEH.
The other programs are not only very good, but also valued collaborators. Occupational health has a long tradition of diverse disciplines working closely together, and much of the work at the COEH reflects that tradition.
Faculty members from UCSF schools of medicine and nursing co-teach some occupational and environmental health classes. Joint research has looked at everything from how to mitigate or prevent long-term disability after workplace injury to programs that help low-wage workers improve their health on the job.
"Nurses are better trained to consider the whole person and nonwork contributors to ill health, so when we do joint teaching, they bring that perspective on the social and behavioral determinants of health to physicians' greater knowledge of | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 1.302226 | 0.922071 | 1.779892 | 2.475111 |
pathophysiology," says Balmes. He believes this makes for stronger graduates from both disciplines.
The deep respect for nursing science also reflects occupational health practice, where nurses are often frontline providers. "The workplace is a good place to start in terms of preventing illness – and a perfect one for nursing, with its focus on disease prevention and health promotion," says Professor Emerita Barbara Resnik, who founded and led the program for many years at the School of Nursing.
Melinda Vertin In the late 1980s, Melinda Vertin was working at UCSF as a staff nurse in the chest, allergy and immunology clinic when she began to explore advanced practice options. By 1993, she had earned her master's degree in occupational health and an adult nurse practitioner credential. "It was a fantastic program," she says.
Over the next decade, she worked as an NP in primary care and neurosurgery, returned to occupational health at Intel, where she had completed an internship, and began a family. In 2004, she wound up at the multinational corporation Johnson & Johnson (J&J), where she has risen to director of Strategy, Governance and Communication for the Global Health Services group, responsible for the health and well-being of 125,000 employees worldwide.
She does that in an organization that has a deep commitment to workers' health, which stretches back decades. Over the years, J&J has established on-site clinics for all of its major manufacturing and R&D locations; these clinics focus not just on traditional occupational health concerns – workplace injury and illness – but also on wellness programs, disability support and on-site mental health services.
Recently, Vertin became part of a core team focused on ensuring consistency of health care programs for workers around the globe through the centralized management of these services. Successful pilots in India and China led to a full global program rollout, and Vertin notes that playing an instrumental role in devising and implementing such programs requires program management experience as well as the type of training she received during her education.
Anne Marie Tsolinas (left) and Helen Chaknova at Genentech (photo by Elisabeth Fall) In Tsolinas' early days at the company, occupational health was mostly limited to medical surveillance of employees working with hazardous materials and a minimum of on-site treatment, which was primarily provided by a consulting physician.
Today, Tsolinas and her team manage most of the programs within what Genentech calls its [email protected] department, which includes a variety of services, including the Campus Health Center. And the growth of the center prompted the company to eventually hire an independent on-site health company – Premise Health – to provide the clinical staff for the center's expanding services. That's where Helen Chaknova, another School alumna, entered the picture.
While large organizations like J&J and Genentech institute far-reaching occupational health programs for large numbers of employees, the School's faculty and PhD students have dedicated a lot of their efforts to the health and safety of those who have fewer resources at work.
Soo-Jeong Lee Faculty member Soo-Jeong Lee's research focuses on work-related injury and illness in health care settings. She arrived at the School after completing a postdoctoral fellowship at NIOSH, where she examined pesticide-related illness among health care workers.
"In health care, infection control is very important, and I came across data that indicated cleaning workers might be exposed to high levels of disinfectants," says Lee.
When she arrived at UCSF, she conducted a survey of cleaning workers both at the UCSF Medical Center and on the campus to investigate symptoms associated with exposure to cleaning and disinfecting chemicals – including respiratory, skin, eye and neurological problems – as well as the risk factors for acute symptoms.
"The data is clear that these symptoms are very frequent among hospital cleaning workers, and interventions are needed to prevent acute and chronic health effects," says Lee, who found that out of 183 workers surveyed, more than one in ten experience symptoms daily, and more than half had experienced symptoms in the prior 12 months. The prevalence was higher among those cleaning in clinical areas.
In addition, the | [
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reporting of symptoms appears to differ by gender and ethnicity, says Lee. Female workers were less likely to report symptoms than male workers, and Asian workers – who comprised about 65 percent of the study sample – were less likely to report symptoms than colleagues of other races and ethnicities.
Finally, Lee's study also found that only 37 percent of the workers used safety goggles regularly and only 16 percent used face shields regularly.
"The study indicates there is a need to reduce exposure and symptom experience by doing things like using safer cleaning alternatives and improving safety practice," says Lee. She notes that while this study was small, there are over 3 million cleaning workers in the US, about 13 percent of whom work in health care settings – and as far as occupational health is concerned, they are an understudied and underserved population.
While working as an oncology nurse at UC Davis Medical Center in the late 2000s, recent PhD graduate Sahar Nouredini had noticed anecdotally that certain workers – especially low-wage workers – seemed to develop specific cancers and had poorer health outcomes.
"I wanted to understand the health impact of chemical exposure…which made me curious to go back to school," she says, explaining how she wound up in the School's OEHN PhD program.
Sahar Nouredini "It's an interesting population because many dry-cleaning facilities are small, family-run businesses where many workers have limited formal education, many speak a language other than English, and they work with solvents that we know can negatively affect the central nervous system (CNS)," says Nouredini.
The primary chemical offender is perchloroethylene, or PCE. California has banned the use of PCE beginning in 2023, but the current federal Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit is set at 100 parts per million (ppm).
In reviewing Hong's data, Nouredini found not only that the majority of dry-cleaning workers (88 percent) used PCE – as well as other solvents, whose effects are less well known – but that even at assumed exposure levels of 11 ppm, workers were demonstrating CNS-related symptoms that included tinnitus, memory loss, loss of visual perception and dizziness.
"The workers in the highest exposure group were more likely to experience memory loss and loss of visual perception.… And the literature suggests that some of these symptoms may be irreversible," says Nouredini.
Nouredini also found that approximately 67 percent of those in her study were not receiving any training on how to avoid chemical exposure, and most were not using personal protective equipment such as respirators, masks and gloves. In addition, she noted that changing chemicals means that the dry cleaner must buy expensive new machines – a considerable deterrent to change.
While she cautions that there were several important limitations to her research and more work must be done to confirm her findings, Nouredini believes that at the very least, the current permissible exposure limit is set too high. In addition, if her findings are confirmed, she hopes her work can influence policy efforts that create incentives for dry cleaners to replace their existing machines.
Faculty member Barbara Burgel has spent most of her clinical and research career working effectively with vulnerable populations. In 2009, she was called in to help implement stress management strategies for San Francisco's 7,000 taxi drivers, but the work eventually expanded into an important research effort that continues to this day.
In a descriptive study published in 2012 in the Journal of Urban Health and aimed at understanding drivers' health challenges, Burgel and her colleagues found the drivers were particularly concerned with stress, body pain, danger, vulnerable employment status and unhealthy working conditions. And while the study also identified a range of strategies drivers use to cope with these concerns, Burgel says the challenges of the job often overwhelm drivers' self-care efforts.
Barbara Burgel "Few had health benefits at the time, and they were often at the mercy of both dispatchers and passengers, which was enormously stressful, especially when passengers were drunk and rowdy and didn't always pay their fares," she says.
Burgel then dug deeper into concerns about danger on the job. She surveyed 130 drivers on the topic, and nearly | [
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Integrated Healthcare a Boon for Employees, and Employers
By Barbara Scott, President and Chief Executive Officer, Aspire Indiana
You may have heard the phrase "Integrated Healthcare" tossed around, but don't know exactly what it means. It's a term used within the healthcare industry for a paradigm shift in how we deliver care: treating the entire person rather than just a set of separate symptoms or challenges.
It's a global trend that has also been referred to as "coordinated care" or "comprehensive care." But in practice, it means associating disciplines that have traditionally been kept apart in healthcare delivery silos, such as primary medical care (e.g. your family doctor), behavioral health, substance abuse and more.
"Whole health" might be a better name, since it lets patients know they can receive help for multiple, often interrelated issues such as opioid addiction, mental illness, abuse/neglect, diabetes and obesity, homelessness and unemployment. Statistics show people dealing with manifold challenges like these have life expectancies decades shorter than average.
Organizations such as my own, Aspire Indiana, are helping pioneer integrated healthcare in Indiana, bringing much-needed collaborative care to our most vulnerable Hoosiers. In addition to our six clinics in Central Indiana, we also run myriad support programs across much of the state that help with social determinants of health such as housing and unemployment.
At some of our locations, patients can receive a physical check-up, substance abuse counseling and behavioral health therapy, and even get help finding a job and pick up their prescription drugs from the pharmacy -- all under one roof.
As evidence has piled up on the benefits of integrated healthcare, more companies are adopting this approach in the benefit packages they offer. What employers are finding is that not only is it a boon for their employees, but also to their organization as a whole.
Businesses embracing the integrated healthcare approach are seeing a healthier, more stable workforce with fewer absences and a team of employees who are engaged, productive and stay in their jobs longer.
"In light of rising health care spending, benefits are evolving from simply providing coverage to fully integrated care coordination with one-on-one advocacy," said Kevin Cassidy, president of Employer Solutions for Blue Cross and Blue Shield in a recent article.
"More employers are looking for plans that further integrate pharmacy and behavioral health programs in an effort to look at employee health more holistically."
Similarly, a recent study by Cigna found positive health outcomes for individuals in integrated care programs and lower medical costs for employers -- an average of $193 annually for each covered person, and $9,792 per year for those with a specialty condition such as multiple sclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis.
"A person's physical and mental health are connected, and health care is best delivered – and produces the best outcomes – when it is connected as well," said Scott Josephs, M.D., national medical officer at Cigna.
While most people are quick to see a physician for a medical complaint, there remains a stigma associated with mental illness and substance abuse that leaves them less likely to seek help. By coordinating care under one roof, it allows for easier, secure sharing of private medical information and collaboration between healthcare professionals of different disciplines, who work to address more than just the issue that first brought someone into the clinic.
For example, at Aspire Indiana a common practice is for a nurse practitioner, psychologist, social worker and Life Skills Instructor (LSI) to participate in integrated case meetings where they sit down together to look at how the physical, emotional and social needs of a particular person intersect and how to meet them.
Aside from studies and statistics, though, the real-world benefits of integrated healthcare are easy to see every day.
Recently, an Aspire patient was meeting with her life skills instructor and reported that she had not been feeling well lately, hampering her in achieving her goals. The LSI was able to literally walk her a few dozen paces to see a medical expert at the in-house Aspire Indiana Health primary care wing, a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC).
Based on their assessment, the woman was immediately taken to an emergency room, where she was soon admitted to the hospital in critical condition. She underwent emergency | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 1.144636 | 0.428912 | 0.969355 | 2.065291 |
Tatiana Decoppet is an architect who designed many buildings in Bern and elsewhere in the country. She has clear memories of Switzerland before the war, of ration cards and how tough life was at that time.
I take the tram to Wabern, a green suburb of Bern at the foot of the Gurten hill. I turn into one of its small streets and approach a typical two-storey Bernese house, with a small front terrace behind a hedge. I see a small, fragile figure, whom I recognise straight away as Tatiana Decoppet.
She leads me into the sitting room. I feel at home immediately. The room is lined ceiling-high with bookshelves, and some of the books on them are in Russian, including works by Chingiz Aitmatov, Anatoly Rybakov and Leo Tolstoy.
At the age of 86 Decoppet is as alert as ever. She does not move quickly, but she is steady on her feet. I ask her where her surname comes from: it turns out that it was her husband's name, and that he was the grandson of the government minister Camille Decoppet (1862-1925).
At first she is unwilling to talk about herself, but has plenty to say about her father, Viktor Schütz (1886-1958), who graduated with a degree in zoology from the natural sciences department of the faculty of physics and mathematics of St Petersburg university. She speaks in German, coloured by her native Bernese dialect.
The 1917 revolution found him in Paris. The upheavals in Russia meant the loss of his home. He had to start a new life, most of which he spent in Switzerland, in Bern. "Here are some letters written by my father," says Decoppet , showing me some yellowing pages. They are addressed to Mikhail Rimsky-Korsakov (1873-1951), the son of the Russian composer, himself an entomologist.
"There were a lot of interned troops," she remembers. "They weren't locked up in a camp of any sort, but could move around freely. My sister Katharina was very popular with them at dances, while I was a bit of a wallflower – but I wasn't jealous…" She smiles, and I realise that for her it is as if all of this happened only yesterday.
Then she shows me a photo of Katharina, who died much too young. She was a teacher and a radio editor, and wrote a dissertation about the impact of Goethe on the work of Ivan Turgenev. The photo, taken in 1942, shows three people: Tatiana, Katharina, and between them a young man with a tense smile.
She smiles again, but then the smile fades. "Almost all the soldiers went home. Including Boris. Of course, they all ended up in Siberia, in camps…" She falls silent.
I ask her about her work as an architect. She happily gets out her folders and starts showing me her neatly arranged plans.
"This one is now the embassy of the Principality of Liechtenstein in Bern. It used to be the villa of the German industrialist Sulzer." She carefully goes through the sheets in the folder, and I glimpse the titles on them: "Liechtenstein Embassy, Floor 1… Floor 2..." For a spy during the Cold War this kind of material would have been worth its weight in gold.
And here's another building: a restaurant situated on the lake shore in the little town of Spiez, not far from Bern. She is willing to talk for ever about her projects: private villas, office complexes, restaurants… Combining practicality with elegance, all these buildings unobtrusively shaped the face of Bern in the middle of the last quarter of the 20th century. And in other places too.
When we say goodbye, she shows me a picture frame on the wall. Under the glass, as was the custom a hundred years ago, are faded photos of people and buildings, put together to form a collage. The walls are filled with their voices, which turn the house into a home.
Tatiana Decoppet's mother, Paula Oswald, was born in Bremgarten in canton Bern. The family moved to Ticino for the sake of Paula's father's health; he was a doctor.
Paula grew up in Ticino but later returned to Bern. She worked at the | [
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Institute of Hygiene at Bern University, where she met Viktor – the father of Tatiana.
Tatiana's husband, Jean-Pierre Decoppet, was the grandson of government minister Camille Decoppet (1862-1925). Like Tatiana, Jean-Pierre was also an architect. The couple collaborated on a number of projects.
'Switzerland was a very closed country' Igor Petrov, in Wabern Oct 6, 2013 - 11:00 Tatiana Decoppet is an architect who designed many buildings in Bern and elsewhere in the country. She has clear memories of Switzerland before the war, of ration cards and how tough life was at that time. I take the tram to Wabern, a green suburb of Bern at the foot of the Gurten hill. I turn into one of its small streets and approach a typical two-storey Bernese house, with a small front terrace behind a hedge. I see a small, fragile figure, whom I recognise straight away as Tatiana Decoppet. She leads me into the sitting room. I feel at home immediately. The room is lined ceiling-high with bookshelves, and some of the books on them are in Russian, including works by Chingiz Aitmatov, Anatoly Rybakov and Leo Tolstoy. All about my father... At the age of 86 Decoppet is as alert as ever. She does not move quickly, but she is steady on her feet. I ask her where her surname comes from: it turns out that it was her husband's name, and that he was the grandson of the government minister Camille Decoppet (1862-1925). At first she is unwilling to talk about herself, but has plenty to say about her father, Viktor Schütz (1886-1958), who graduated with a degree in zoology from the natural sciences department of the faculty of physics and mathematics of St Petersburg university. She speaks in German, coloured by her native Bernese dialect. The 1917 revolution found him in Paris. The upheavals in Russia meant the loss of his home. He had to start a new life, most of which he spent in Switzerland, in Bern. "Here are some letters written by my father," says Decoppet , showing me some yellowing pages. They are addressed to Mikhail Rimsky-Korsakov (1873-1951), the son of the Russian composer, himself an entomologist. Ashamed of her name Here is what Schütz wrote to Rimsky-Korsakov on June 19, 1923: "Life isn't particularly good here [in Bern]... You may not have much time for scientific work, but I don't have any at all. All I do is draw up… microbiology and parasitology tables. That's what I live off…" Her father hoped he would be able to return home at some point. "Life wasn't easy in Switzerland at that time," says Decoppet . "I remember the mother of one of my school friends saying one day that she only had 50 centimes in her purse to last until the following week." "When I started at senior secondary school, I was very ashamed of my name," she recalls. "Switzerland was a very closed country, and foreigners were a rare phenomenon. We didn't feel 'at home' for a very long time. I was once invited to a birthday party, where there were other pupils from my school. When the mother of one of them heard that I had gone too, she rushed along to make sure that everything was OK, because she was afraid that something might happen..." After 1933 [when the Nazis came to power in Germany] a lot of Russian emigrés in Switzerland came out in support of Hitler. They thought he would be able to destroy bolshevism. "My father immediately broke off contact with those people. I was interested in politics, too; but I always wanted to become an architect." Escape across the Rhine "There were a lot of interned troops," she remembers. "They weren't locked up in a camp of any sort, but could move around freely. My sister Katharina was very popular with them at dances, while I was a bit of a wallflower – but I wasn't jealous…" She smiles, and I realise that for her it is as if all of this happened only yesterday. Then she shows me a photo of Katharina, who died much too young. She was a teacher | [
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Explore the ever-growing appeal of Frank Lloyd Wright, America's master of modern architecture
By Daniel Pembrey | 27 Feb 2020 | Travel, Design, Property
In 2019, eight homes designed by the late Frank Lloyd Wright became the first contemporary designs to achieve UNESCO World Heritage status
* Fallingwater
Initially, Liliane Kaufmann had reservations about Fallingwater, the unique home that architect Frank Lloyd Wright designed for her and business mogul husband Edgar in 1935. The couple owned Kaufmann's Department Store in Pittsburgh, a byword for metropolitan style in the era, yet this unusual home in rural Pennsylvania – more than an hour's drive from Pittsburgh – seemed basic inside; austere, even.
Intimations of the building's future fame came fast. Time magazine put it on its front cover in 1938 and it went on to be named as "the best all-time work of American architecture" by the American Institute of Architects. In 2019, Fallingwater and seven other Wright-designed buildings became the first modern architecture designation on the UNESCO World Heritage List in the United States.
"It is an immense honour to have Frank Lloyd Wright's work recognised on the world stage among the most vital and important cultural sites on Earth like Taj Mahal in India, the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt and the Statue of Liberty in New York," said Stuart Graff, president and CEO of the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation. "It recognises the profound influence of this American architect and his impact on the whole world."
Wright was born in Wisconsin in 1867, the son of a preacher and musician father and a teacher mother, and was widely travelled in his youth thanks to his father's ministry positions in Rhode Island, Iowa, Massachusetts and Wisconsin.
Wright would live until 1959, well into the modern era. He set up his architectural studio in Oak Park, Illinois (now open to the public) but travelled far and wide for his work, absorbing influences from pre-Columbian Mexico to ancient Japan. He was a prolific designer. He designed over 1,000 buildings, more than half of which were built. His energy was extraordinary, not only in terms of the number of projects but also in terms of his capacity to think through the smallest details at a time when everything needed to be drawn by hand.
The eight UNESCO listings reflect the breadth and depth of his achievements. Listed alongside Fallingwater – arguably his masterpiece – is his Unity Temple in Oak Park, the Guggenheim Museum in New York City and five homes, including Wright's own residences at Taliesin in Wisconsin and Taliesin West in Arizona, plus the recently restored Robie House in Chicago. The variety of purpose and styles is matched by the diversity of their settings: city, suburban, forest, and desert environments. These listings recognise his influence on the rest of the world and in particular the European Modern Movement in architecture. >>
Related: This eco-resort has brought a wave of luxury to Brazil's Praia do Forte
By the time Wright designed Fallingwater, aged 68, his ability to synthesise global influences was an art form in itself. The rectilinear patterns, low seating in the living room and the spherical kettle over the fireplace evidence his trips to Japan between 1905 and 1922. Yet the genius of Fallingwater, and the secret of its universal appeal, lies in a unique interpretation of setting – both as a place in the physical landscape and as a point in history.
Standing on the far side of the Bear Run stream, taking in that famous front view of the house, you can't help marvel at what Wright conjured up here. Fallingwater's formal purpose as a domestic abode effectively dissolves. The geometric abstraction appears to proceed directly and organically from the rocks.
Yet just as striking is the experience inside the house – one of absolute union with surroundings, specifically that ever-audible waterfall above which the house rests. The interior space is in fact just 2,885 sq ft, increasing to 5,330 sq ft when outdoor terraces are » included. To cantilever these terraces, Wright used the latest concrete technology.
Open yet sheltering, dynamic yet unified: Fallingwater is at heart a paradox, defying easy analysis. By her own admission, the worldly Liliane Kaufmann came | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 2.753137 | 0.628771 | 2.038116 | 1.503686 |
A first look at campaign finance filings for 2017, the last year before reforms kick in.
UPDATED: Includes comments from the secretary of state and Ethics director, and information that Rep. Stephen Horne, although reported as late in filing by the secretary of state's office, has not accepted campaign donations since 2011 and terminated his account in 2015.
State officials have submitted campaign finance reports that were due Wednesday covering 2017, the last reports before reforms the Legislature passed last year take effect.
These reforms include restrictions on personal use of campaign money and will require more transparency in reporting, moving forward. They don't apply to money raised through Dec. 31 -- politicians can spend that essentially as they please, subject to tax regulations.
Mississippi politicians in recent years — in a practice some called "legalized bribery" — spent special interest money run through their campaigns on personal expenses. They paid for automobiles, apartments, clothes, children's parties, groceries, taxes, car insurance, home improvements and trips to Alaska, California, Colorado and Florida, among other places. To get around reporting all spending of $200 or more, some politicians have used credit cards, and only reported payments to the card companies, not purchases.
The new law prohibits personal use of campaign money, and defines personal use as any "other than expenditures relating to gaining, holding or performing functions of public office." It prohibits spending on: mortgage, rent or utility payments for any residential property of a candidate or family member, clothing, automobiles, travel expenses not related to a campaign or holding office, admission to entertainment events and non-documented loans.
The new law came after an ongoing investigative report by The Clarion-Ledger, "Public Office/Private Gain," illustrated how the state's lax campaign finance laws and nearly nonexistent enforcement had created a tax-free second income for many Mississippi politicians, mostly funded by special interests.
Gov. Phil Bryant, who is term limited from re-election, closed his campaign account last year and gave the money to other candidates, PACs and charities.
Notes: Reeves has nearly $15,500 in non-itemized credit card expenses. But Reeves has made his credit card receipts and records — which appear to be campaign related -- available to the Clarion Ledger.
Notes: Hood continued to make what appear to be automobile payments of $804 a month from his campaign and spent $36,600 on one credit card listed as "miscellaneous campaign expenses" and $11,500 on another and nearly $14,000 to "Citi" likewise labeled. He reimbursed himself for more than $23,400, non itemized.
Notes: Hosemann itemized his credit card spending and unlike in past years, he did not reimburse himself for non-itemized expenses.
Notes: Unlike past reports, Pickering had no payments to a credit card or himself, nor payments for a recreational vehicle.
Notes: Fitch used a credit card for $24,200 non-itemized purchases but unlike in the past -- in a previous report she paid herself $36,000 from her account -- she had no payments to herself.
Notes: Chaney in the latest report had no credit card expenditures and no payments to himself except for payment on a loan to his campaign from 2007. In the past, he made credit card statements available to the Clarion Ledger.
Notes: Hyde-Smith didn't list a purpose for her expenditures, and had non-itemized credit card payments of $2,720.
As of Thursday evening, the secretary of state's office said only two state lawmakers had failed to file their latest campaign finance reports: Reps. Stephen Horne, R-Meridian, and David Meyers, D-McComb. But Meyers will likely be granted an extension -- he's deployed overseas in the military. And Horne, records show, hasn't accepted any campaign donations since 2011, and terminated his account in 2015.
Mississippi, unlike surrounding states and most others, accepts paper -- even handwritten -- copies of campaign finance | [
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reports, and does not provide a searchable database. However, the Secretary of State's office has created a voluntary online filing portal. For this report, 26 state, legislative or district candidates used it.
House Speaker Philip Gunn reported raising nearly $223,000 for 2017 in his new report and spending $153,000. Unlike past years, when he spent tens of thousands of dollars a year on a campaign credit card with no explanation of what he bought, Gunn reported no credit card payments or payments to himself.
Former Rep. Mark Formby, R-Picayune, who notably purchased suits and an $800 pair of cowboy boots with campaign funds, appears to have cashed in on his $90,000 campaign fund after stepping down from his seat in 2017. He reported starting last year with more than $92,000 cash-on-hand and, in his 2018 filing, reported dispersing $3,683 from his account in 2017 and ending the year with zero cash-on-hand.
Formby on Thursday said he converted the funds to personal and reported them as income to the IRS. The new reforms would prevent such cashing out in the future.
Rep. Lester "Bubba" Carpenter, R-Burnsville, filed a 2018 campaign finance report on deadline day saying he had raised and spent $0 and ended the year with $0 cash-on-hand. He then filed a separate report Thursday showing itemized contributions totaling $6,000 and disbursements totaling $5,423.25 and over $22,000 cash-on-hand.
Carpenter said he filed the initial report with zeros after having trouble getting the electronic filing to go through.
Sen. Tommy Gollott, R-Biloxi, filed a "termination report" on his campaign account, and gave the remaining balance of nearly $14,300 to the Boys and Girls Club of Biloxi. This would indicate that Gollott, who is entering his 51st year in the Legislature, will not seek re-election in 2019.
Rep. Deborah Butler Dixon, D-Raymond, filed a report that showed she raised only $2,300 and spent $800. It differs vastly from her past reports, in that it doesn't contain odd or blank entries. Her past reports showed she spent $7,200 on gasoline in just a few months, and listed a $5,000 expense as "casual labors" with no other info. She filed a blank form for 2012 and had explained one disbursement of $1,000 as "Auto GAS-Travel" as the payee, "CASH" for the address and "Auto GAS (CASH)" as the purpose.
Sen. Dean Kirby, R-Pearl, has built up a $406,000 war chest despite not having faced an election opponent since 1995. After filing his last report on the old campaign account on Wednesday, Kirby created a new "Friends of Dean Kirby" committee.
Kirby said his new account corresponds with a separate, new bank account where his donations will go moving forward under the new rules.
"There may be some question as to whether or not you can pay for a cell phone for Senate use, which I think about every legislator does because you have to have one all the time, like right now," Kirby said on a cellphone call Thursday. "Someone may question that, if they're dumb enough to question something like that, and if they do you say, 'Ok I'm paying for it out of my old account.'"
Kirby did not appear to make purchases in 2017 that would constitute personal use.
Secretary of State Delbert Hosemann and Ethics Commission Director Tom Hood, their agencies both involved in campaign finances, agree the reforms are long overdue. But both said they expect the new law will have to be at least tweaked moving forward.
And both say their agencies are not charged with auditing or enforcing many of the new regulations. Enforcement, for now, remains up to the public and media, the courts and the attorney | [
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New York|As 9/11 Museum Opens, These New Yorkers Will Stay Away
As 9/11 Museum Opens, These New Yorkers Will Stay Away
Kathy Bowden, who lost a brother, and her family have differing opinions about going to the museum.CreditCreditChristopher Gregory for The New York Times
By Alan Feuer
The National September 11 Memorial Museum is meant to be an exercise in the cathartic power of memory. At its formal unveiling on Thursday, President Obama gave a somber speech, remarking that the lives of those who died in the terrorist attacks in 2001 would be honored by the stories told "in the footprint of two mighty towers."
But for some New Yorkers, the memories and stories are already too present, and despite the importance of the museum's message — and despite its great reviews — they do not plan to visit when it opens to the public next week.
Some people said they did not need a public exhibition to remind them of a personal tragedy that they could not forget. Others simply said they would not find healing or relief at the memorial — only more pain.
On display, a crushed helmet that belonged to a firefighter, Kevin M. Prior.CreditDamon Winter/The New York Times
The local ambivalence is a complicated mixture of survivors' pride ("Don't tell me what I saw") and emotional fatigue ("I don't want to see it anymore"). But it also stems from the museum's own complicated mission, which, as Holland Cotter noted in his review in The New York Times, is to be at once "a historical document, a monument to the dead" and "a theme-park-style tourist attraction."
"I don't know what I'm supposed to feel," said Justine Tourneau, a 30-year-old actress, who was waiting on Thursday morning for a J train to arrive at Marcy Street in Brooklyn. "Am I supposed to cry? Or get angry? Or just stand there, being silent? It's too confusing. I'd rather not go."
The hesitation seems particularly acute among those who were in the city on the day of the attacks and who lost someone close.
"Look, it's not the Natural History Museum," said Jim Riches, a former chief in the Fire Department, whose son, Jim Jr., also a firefighter, died on Sept. 11. "I know plenty of guys who won't go down there because they were there for months when it was Dante's inferno. The memories are just too much. They simply won't go back."
A New Story Told at Ground Zero
A guided tour of the National September 11 Memorial Museum.
At the time of the attack, Bill Grueskin was working for The Wall Street Journal in the World Financial Center across the street from ground zero. He still has not forgotten how the streets were enveloped in a cloud of ghostly smoke. To make matters worse, Mr. Grueskin was living just down the street in Battery Park City then. So for him, the experience was total — no escape.
"The fact is, I'd like to see the museum," said Mr. Grueskin, who is now a dean at the Columbia Journalism School, "but I'm not sure I can do it surrounded by people who didn't go through what I went through. I'm not saying I deserve it, but I'd really like to see the place in private. I just can't bear the thought of being there with all the buses and tourists in silly hats."
This week, some of the victims' relatives appeared at the memorial to protest a decision by officials to transfer the unidentified remains of some of those who died from the Manhattan medical examiner's office to a specially built repository under the museum. Almost from the moment that the plans for the museum got underway, the families have differed with one another about its purpose and design. Some have even differed among themselves.
"My family is a mixed bag," said Kathy Bowden, whose brother, Thomas Bowden Jr., died in the attack. "I'm open to it. It hurts to see it, but it also, for me, soothes the hurt a little each time. My husband hates the museum. He hates the idea of having a place, because he hates the idea that 9/11 even happened."
Jim Riches, a former fire chief, is the | [
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Afghan Human Rights
AHR is an online human rights media platform for reflecting cases from around Afghanistan.
We're glad to inform that Afghanistan Human Rights will be managed by a new researcher from within Afghanistan. Our colleague brings years of advocacy and editing experience. For security reasons, identity of our new colleague won't be disclosed. We hope this is acceptable to our readers. We've also revisited the way we will advance our…More
Recent Terrorist Attacks on Educational Facilities
Afghan Human Rights team condemns the barbaric attacks on the Kabul University and the Kausar-e-Danish college preparation center in Kabul, Afghanistan. These atrocities are targeting the very soul of an enlightened Afghanistan. These attacks are outright war-crimes and underscore the threats to the Hazara community in particular and the younger generation of Afghans who choose…More
Afghan Citizens Burnt to Death; Abuse and Drowning in Iran
Afghan citizens burned to death, abuse and drowning in Iran. Recent incident of Iranian police shooting at refugees' vehicle and causing it to catch fire was followed by beating, torturing and drowning of several other Afghan refugees. This comes only weeks after multiple Afghan migrants drowned in Iran, as border police forced them to cross…More
State Injustice in the Name of God
Apostasy includes acts in the forms of "blasphemy, heresy, and mockery of the Islamic community"[i]. This article by Farshad details the legal codes that are used to address apostasy cases in Afghanistan, the injustices they inflict and calls for a few actions to protect the life and freedom of Afghans from its ailing justice system.…More
Afghanistan Cemetery of civilians, especially women and children
Writer : Zalmay The reflection of the most painful killings and beheadings of ISIS in Afghanistan is not complete. From suicide bombings and mass bombings by men to landmines to roadside mines, beheadings, shootings, wars, captives, hostages, and hundreds more, daily in a land as large as Afghanistan, It happens On September 10, 2019, Sher…More
And the War Crime Continues; Taliban Shot Dead Afghan Human Rights Defender
We at the Ahrhome.com condemn the barbaric killing of Abdul Samad Amiri; acting director of Afghanistan Human Rights Commission in Ghor province. Abdul Samad Amiri was kidnapped on his way to Ghor by the Taliban and his body was found earlier on September 5. This killing follows Amnesty International's most recent publication that underscores the…More
Demonstration against Deportation of Afghan Asylum Seekers in Stockholm
A big group of the Afghan immigrants were taken under costudy by the police in Marsta police station in north of Stockholm and deported in a group back to Afghanistan on Wednesday 11th of September. This news shocked the number of people which stood against deportation as this was the first time that a plenty…More
Amnesty International: Human Rights Defenders are being targeted in Afghanistan
Farshad Amnesty International released its finding about Human Rights Defenders in Afghanistan who are being targeted both by state and non-state actors and facing the neglect and inability of state, too. BBC Persian quoted Omar Waraich—Deputy South Asia Director—that "Human Rights Defenders not only live in a dangerous environment but are also being threatened by…More
Taliban Threatens Media as a Military Target
By: Fatima H Bakhsh On June 24, the Taliban threatened media and journalists in Afghanistan to stop their anti-Taliban ads funded by the Afghan and US governments. This happens while the Taliban leaders are negotiating over peace with the US officials to end the ongoing war in Afghanistan. The Taliban's military commission gave a week…More
Taliban Shot a Man and a Woman who had Run Away in Ghor Province
Local officials in Ghor province have informed Deutsch Welle—Persian that Taliban militants have shot dead a man and a woman in Ghor province. According to Daily Etilaat Roz and DW—Persian, Abdul Ghafar (28-30 years old) and Bibi Jan (20-22 years old) had fled from their homes in Shahrak district in | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.408164 | -0.248856 | 0.573053 | -0.207692 |
Ghor on 22nd May. Sources…More
Urgent Call to Stop Taliban Atrocities Against Hazaras in Afghanistan
Each person one letter لینک فارسی نامه را اینجا بخوانید We exist not to let the history repeat itself. As we fight in the trenches against the armies of terror and horror, as we cry out loud in the streets against apparatus of discrimination and prejudice, we will raise our voice for justice by any…More
Rising Concerns about sectarian Wars in Afghanistan
Urozgan, Afghanistan. More than a week of fighting between Taliban and Hazara villagers and its loyal fighters has heightened fears of a dangerous new phase of sectarian violence in Afghanistan. In the violence where the Afghan government itself has its influences to the sectarian war and ethnic cleansing, to get its political agenda with Taliban…More
Afghanistan: Death Toll Soars to 68 in Suicide Bomb Attack
At least 68 killed and 165 injured in attacks targeting demonstrators and schools in eastern Nangarhar province. The death toll from a suicide bomb attack at a protest gathering in the eastern Afghan province of Nangarhar on Tuesday has risen to 68, with 165 wounded, a government official said. The provincial governor's spokesman, Attaullah Khogyani,…More
Pyramid of Terror and Atrocities
Upon the withdrawal of the Soviet Forces, notorious warlords dominated the political climate in Kabul and overthrew Najeeb's Government. These warlords were party to a brutal and far-reaching civil war that claimed the lives of hundreds of thousands. Subsequent rule by the Taliban brought a new face to this horror. Taliban deprived Afghans of their…More
Taliban Lashed Afghan Lovers
In a Kangaroo Court, the Taliban militants lashed a couple on charges of having affair. The young lovers had escaped from village of Kohistanat district to Ghor province while their family rejected their marriage and than returned back to their houses by inductions of elders. They were back to their home region following mediation by…More
Afghanistan suicide bomb attack: Dozens killed in Kabul
UN SECRETARY-GENERAL ON AFGHANISTAN NEW YORK – The Secretary-General condemns the attack today on the Tabyan Cultural Center as well as a media outlet in Kabul. The indiscriminate attack caused hundreds of civilian casualties, including women and children. The Secretary-General extends his deepest condolences to the families of the victims and wishes a speedy recovery to those injured. He expresses his solidarity with the people and…More
REPORTS ON THE PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS IN ARMED CONFLICT
UNAMA prepares regular reports in accordance to its mandate under UN Security Council resolution 2274 (2016) "to monitor the situation of civilians, to coordinate efforts to ensure their protection, to promote accountability, and to assist in the full implementation of the fundamental freedoms and human rights provisions of the Afghan Constitution and international treaties to…More
Situation of Women Employed in Defense and Security Sectors
It is for more than a decade and a half that Afghan women have gained significant achievements and such accomplishments have always been appreciated in the assemblies as one of the best developments of the Afghan government and the positive impact of the international community's presence in Afghanistan. The presence of women in our society…More
Human Rights and Fight against Corruption
The Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) held the Conference on "Human Rights and Fight against Corruption" on Wednesday, 8 November, 2017. At this Conference, in addition to the leadership of the AIHRC, a number of government officials and ambassadors from the countries supporting Afghanistan also participated. At the Conference, it was emphasized that, as…More
The Pain Behind the Numbers of Afghanistan's Deadly Attacks
Slight Fall in Ground Fighting Civilian Casualties by Government Forces Patricia Gossman HRW Senior Researcher, Afghanistan When I was in Kabul a few days ago, I caught up with an old Afghan friend, who remarked that the relentless violence in | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.80078 | -0.49145 | -0.144797 | -0.666843 |
Afghanistan is hard for outsiders to comprehend. The mounting toll of dead and wounded has…More
Afghanistan Warlord's Grandiose, and Damaging, Return
Hekmatyar Criticizes Media, Rejects Accountability Patricia Gossman Senior Researcher, Afghanistan Afghan leaders feted the return of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar to Kabul yesterday, praising their newfound brotherhood and desire for peace. Escorted by SUVs bristling with gunmen toting grenade launchers and machine guns, Hekmatyar's convoy swept into the city as if bearing a returning hero, instead…More
Migration, the only way to survive for afghan teens
Perhaps no one is willing to accept the absence of their homeland, family, and friends. Accepting a way full of uncertainty and danger through smugglers to arrive in a place where you can survive is also not an easy task to do but all these become very easy to do so if you find yourself…More
Hazara Massacre Continues in Afghanistan
The July 23rd, 2016 attack on peaceful Hazara protesters was the deadliest attack since the fall of the Taliban regime in 2001. 107 Hazaras, the majority of whom were university students, were killed and over 500 others were wounded in a double suicide attack followed by a volley of gunfire by unknown gunmen. Although the…More
'God forgot Afghanistan' trending equal rights
On Saturday 23 July, 80 people were killed and about 230 wounded by a double suicide attack on marchers in Kabul. The majority of them were from the country's Hazara minority. Afghan Independent human rights Commission strongly condemned <bomb blast and mercilessly killing of civilians during protest "Enlightening Movement " is a great tragedy and…More
Memory Box 2015-16: A Continued Struggle to Break the Cycle of Tragedy in Afghanistan
AHRDO conducted two Memory Box workshops in 2015 with the victims of the ongoing conflict in Afghanistan. Each workshop was followed by an inter-workshop participants Memory Box exhibition. In the first Memory Box workshop, participants came from the members of the victims of Afghan conflict in the last one and a half decade. In the…More
Afghanistan: Taliban Child Soldier Recruitment Surges
Children Trained in Madrasas to Fight, Plant IEDs (New York) – Taliban forces in Afghanistan have added scores of children to their ranks since mid-2015 in violation of the international prohibition on the use of child soldiers, Human Rights Watch said today. New Human Rights Watch research shows that the Taliban have been training and deploying children…More
CPJ condemns attack on Tolo TV employees in Afghanistan
New York, January 20, 2016–A suicide bombing in Kabul today killed seven people, including six employees of the Afghan station Tolo TV, according to news reports. The attack on staff returning from work at the privately owned station injured 27 others, including 26 staff, according to Tolo TV. No group immediately claimed responsibility for the…More
Dear American misogynists: Afghan women are not oppressed for you
By Noorjahan Akbar Today is the last day of 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence. Every year, reading the powerful testimonies of woman who have overcome this most common form of violence inspires me and reminds me of how global inequality is. For the past six years, I have had the privilege of speaking…More
Ashraf Ghani is part of our shame!
Full video interview is here at DW.DE News Afghan President Ashraf Ghani says women's rights are a priority commitment. But how is he planning on ensuring them and how will he fight corruption, security threats and human rights violations in his country? 2015 has been a tough year for Afghanistan. In the first eight months…More
Hazara take protests to Kabul as Afghan sectarian fears rise, Top photos by Jawad Hamdard Kia
UNAMA condemns murder of seven civilians in Zabul
The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) condemns the murder by anti-Government elements of seven civilians, including two women, one girl and two boys, | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.316485 | -0.283571 | 0.530015 | -0.13433 |
in the southern province of Zabul. The seven civilians were abducted last month and executed between 6 and 8 November in Arghandab district while armed clashes were reported there between…More
Afghan terror groups beheaded Hazras in Afghanistan
Taliban and other terrorist groups in Afghanistan have beheaded three women and four men of Hazara hostages in southern Zabul province of Afghanistan. According to the local government officials, the victims were Hazrara hostages who were kidnapped by the terror groups from a main highway in this province. The provincial police chief Jilani Farahi confirmed…More
Taliban Stone Woman To Death In Afghanistan
RFE/RL's Radio Free Afghanistan has obtained video footage from an eyewitness that appears to show the brutal stoning last week of a 19-year-old Afghan woman in the central province of Ghor. The two-minute clip shows a group of men throwing stones with increasing intensity at a covered individual crammed in a hole in the ground.…More
Refugee crisis: The 105-year-old Afghan woman struggling to find asylum in Europe
Bibhali Uzbeki has spent a large amount of her journey from Afghanistan on the back of her 67-year-old son! There are few refugees as remarkable as Bibihal Uzbeki. The 105-year-old woman has made an arduous journey to Europe in search of a better life, often carried on the back of her 67-year-old son and her…More
Taliban militants committed gang rapes and mass murders in Kunduz
28th September 2015 Taliban attacked on Kunduz province, Afghanistan. Reports says the latest Kunduz results of sighting is: 296 patients admitted only at MSF, 64 babies wounded, 74 critical condition, 40 dead, 70 surgeries done MSF told BBC. The Amnesty International said Thursday that the Taliban militants have committed gang rapes and mass murders in…More
Gunmen kill 13 Hazara passengers in north Afghanistan
Assailants shoot dead 13 Harazas travelling in vehicles in usually tranquil northern province, while sparing a woman. Unknown gunmen have killed 13 members of the ethnic Hazara minority travelling in two vehicles in a usually tranquil northern Afghan province. The victims, all male passengers, were plucked from their vehicles and shot dead from close range…More
Dispatches: A Court-Sanctioned Lashing in Afghanistan
By Heather Barr Senior Researcher, Women's Rights Division. It's a scene we associate with the Taliban. A woman covered head to toe in a flowing veil, huddled on the ground before a man in a turban. His right arm is raised, in motion, holding a lash, a second away from bringing it down on her.…More
Letter re: Afghanistan Senior Official Meetings
Pauline Hayes Deputy Director, Western Asia and Stabilization Division Department for International Development United Kingdom Dear Mrs. Hayes, We write to you ahead of the Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) in September in Kabul to urge the United Kingdom to strengthen its support for the protection and promotion of human rights in Afghanistan through continued emphasis…More
What Latest Attacks Mean for Afghanistan's Path to Peace
Friday is a rest day in Kabul, our weekend. I was staying with my sister and her family Thursday and woke in the middle of the night to a loud noise and whispers about whether what we had just heard was a rocket. The next day we learned Kabul had suffered its deadliest attack since…More
Human trafficking in Afghanistan
According to the 2015 annual Department of state report the most target group of human trafficking in Afghanistan are children who end up in carpet making and brick factories, domestic servitude, commercial sexual exploitation, begging, transnational drug smuggling, and assistant truck driving within Afghanistan. "The bottom line is that this is no time for complacency.…More
Violence against journalists in Afghanistan is increasing
Yesterday tens of Journalists, journalism associations and social activist gathered in parke-zarnegar to ask justice for Amin Babak a Kabul TV reporter who was punched in face on last Wednesday night | [
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One of the main tools the establishment Democrats like using is identity politics to try to swing voters to their side. Well, news flash: that old trick isn't going to work with someone like me. I do not fear the establishment nor do I think they are entitled to my vote. They aren't even worthy of holding the office of the senator in my opinion. They have lost all seats of government to the Republicans, and yet they still haven't learned their lesson from the 2016 election. The lesson was: "Don't. Ever. prop up another establishment candidate like a Hilary Clinton ever again because people hate that crap."
They ain't going to learn the lesson anytime soon, so we might as well give up and run home to Mama, right? I don't think so. The main reason why the democratic party is still relevant today and hasn't gone out of existence (and the Democrats had better understand this) is that Bernie Sanders is pushing the party or at least half of them to do the right thing on the issues; and of course, the base has started an all-out assault on the party.
"Kamala Harris can kiss whatever chances she thinks she's got with the base goodbye. She isn't going to be President. EVER!"
In recent weeks, there have been reports of the new freshman senator Kamala Harris meeting with establishment Democrat donors, in order to secure a presidential run for 2020. Why? because there is a chance that Bernie Sanders (I-VT) will run again in 2020. They know that once Bernie Sanders beats Donald Trump, he's going to end this current system of corruption, once and for all. So the Democratic establishment is running around with their heads on fire, shouting "Anyone but Bernie! ANYONE BUT HIM!"
I do not have to reiterate how much the progressive base hates the establishment. The establishment has time and time again shown that they are way out of touch with the needs of the American people. The mainstream media isn't talking about how half the country makes $30,000 or less, which means over half of the country is poor in the richest nation in the world. They aren't talking about the fact our infrastructure gets a grade of D. No, the establishment media talks about Russia and Donald Trump. They aren't talking about how Flint still hasn't received the federal assistance that it needs, and NOBODY in Congress has called for the resignation of Rick Snyder.
Joy Reid loves using identity politics on white supporters of Bernie Sanders on her show because it allows her to control the narrative that only white working people support Bernie Sanders—but black progressives?—nahhh! Which begs the question, is Joy a raging hypocrite while making herself out to be, on MSNBC, as some sort of progressive host? The answer might not surprise you. Joy, as much I enjoy seeing people of color in positions such as yours, you have not earned the respect of this black progressive who just happens to have a disability.
You have shown that you lack the capacity to look beyond party politics and have no interest in talking about the real issues that are facing real Americans. We don't all live in your DC bubble, Joy; some of us work full-time just to survive, and that still isn't enough to keep food on the table.
Not one progressive, white or black, has ever said that we were supporting Bernie Sanders because of his gender. The support isn't because of his age. It's because of the message that he brings and you are raging mad at that? Why? Why are you so against the man? What made you value political party over the message that you say he doesn't bring? The answer? Because you are paid to act so outraged at his supporters and the man himself. Do I need to bring up the fact that your parent company is Comcast?
Real Americans still have health issues, still have to face the reality of their low-paying jobs, and yes, still do die because of high premiums. If you are still defending the ACA, here's what you should know Joy: all the ACA did was slow down the costs of premiums. It didn't address the middle man, which is the insurance companies.
Joy joined the MSNBC network in 2014 and has shifted, as the years pass, into this establishment shill that everyone hates --- except, of course, her establishment buddies. | [
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CultureVulture
House Porn
Arthur Lazere Archive
Also in Books & CDs
A Round-Heeled Woman – Jane Juska Nancy Chapple
Nina Simone Live at Ronnie Scott's Arthur Lazere
All I Ask Of You – Barbara Cook Mark Jennett
The Sounds of the Vanishing World – Kroke
The Sounds of the Vanishing World
another Kroke cd
Kroke is a klezmer band.
What is klezmer, you ask? Good question! As with many things Jewish, there seems to be no one authoritative answer. One source asserts that the term "klezmer" is a contraction of "klei zemer" – Hebrew meaning "instruments of song" – and refers to a variety of Greek and Central/Eastern European music played at Jewish celebrations in the Ashkenazi tradition. (Don't ask!)
Another source says, "The word klezmer itself comes from the Aramaic 'kli' and 'zemer' and means in the true sense 'the human being becomes the bearer of the song.'
Are you thoroughly confused yet? Klezmer is music for dancing with a partner. It doesn't bounce; it flows, it swings, it cries. It is safe to say we are dealing with a style of music, but defining that style would be as difficult as finding all the Jews in the diaspora. It is probably fair to say that klezmer is a music that expresses deep emotion around the joy of life, but Jewish culture rarely lets you know about that joy without also taking note of the trials and the sorrows as well.
Think long, sinuous, minor-key, violin-carried melodies wending their way over a toe-tapping, thigh slapping, hip-shaking beat – a beat that sometimes accelerates and seems to be running away in ecstatic joyousness.
In the last twenty years or so there has been a major revival of interest in klezmer music both in Europe and in the United States. As might be expected, young practitioners bring their own interpretations to the traditional sounds and the tradition continues to evolve. This is totally appropriate for such cross-cultural folk music expression.
Kroke is a klezmer band from Krak�w, Poland, which is, in itself, a statement riddled with implications. Krak�w was taken by the Germans at the beginning of World War II. The German governor executed the university's teaching staff and sent some 55,000 Jews from the city to the Auschwitz II (Birkenau) death camp. Krak�w, like Warsaw, had had a flourishing Jewish cultural life before World War II; the Holocaust left a mere shadow of what had been. A klezmer band from Krak�w is like a flower growing from the ashes.
The Sounds of the Vanishing World is an extraordinary cd. There is no question that you are listening to klezmer, but it is a very contemporary interpretation of the tradition. Three musicians play a variety of instruments: violin, viola, accordion, flutes, double bass, mandolin, bells, a variety of percussion, and occasional vocals – but without lyrics, the voice used as an instrument. At various times, there are sounds that suggest Piazzolla's bandoneon, belly dancing music, Turkish muezzins.
The opening cut, "Earth," offers a rich sound of accordion, the viola picking up the line, anchored by the solid bass. Simple melody lines are repeated with minor variations in a series of interesting, dissonant harmonies. "Air" suggests just that – an ethereal sound from the viola and accordion, the bass omitted. "Question" is a solo for the double bass, distinguished on that count alone, and a very mellow sound.
"Time" is one of the best cuts on the disk. A ticking clock starts the number and continues throughout with a softly wailing accordion passing the melody along to the other instruments, a flute coming in late in the game, until it fades back to the ticking clock and ends with a series of birdcall-like sounds from the flute. "Dance" is a fast, syncopated, multilayered sound that will keep you tapping that toe.
"Fire," "Water," and the eponymous closing number all get into a mid-Eastern sound, more Turkey than Poland. The percussion is strong, there is that sinuously winding melodic line, and vocal elements add | [
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Here is the thing about the game of softball: A team can look dormant, struggle and look nothing like a winner one second, and the next they can bang the ball all over the yard like it was on a tee.
The West Holmes Lady Knights experienced both of those feelings in their contest with Waynedale on Monday, April 8 at West Holmes High School.
After struggling in all phases and falling behind 7-2, the Lady Knights posted an improbable comeback victory by exploding for 11 runs in the sixth inning in what would eventually become a 13-7 victory to run their record to 7-2 on the campaign.
For most of the game the Golden Bears appeared to be in complete command as it got clutch hitting and solid pitching from Kelsey Wolfe.
Waynedale quickly jumped out to a 1-0 lead in the top of the first inning when Madison Rowe singled, moved to second on a wild pitch and scored on Cara Keim's RBI single to center.
The Golden Bears tacked on a second run in the second inning when Brooklyn Schlabach tripled and scored on a wild pitch.
West Holmes left the bases loaded in the bottom of the inning, and Waynedale added another single tally in the third on a pair of errors and Mallory Shoup's single.
The Lady Knights, who couldn't string a rally together in the second inning, didn't need one in the bottom of the third when Maddie Woods hammered a solo home run to left to get her team on the board.
After a scoreless fourth inning, Waynedale extended its lead to 6-1 in the fifth. Rowe smoked a home run to center to start the inning. With one out Keim singled, and Kelsey Wolfe walked. After both runners moved up 60 feet, Shoup singled both home for the 6-1 edge.
West Holmes looked like it was going to stage a big fifth inning but in the end mustered just one run. Woods led off with a bunt single, and Avery Yoder doubled her home. Jazz Knapp reached on a fielder's choice, and the red-hot Jessica Yabroff doubled, but Waynedale cut down Yoder at home plate trying to score to keep it a 6-2 ballgame.
The Golden Bears got the run right back in the top of the sixth when Rowe singled and came around on Keim's double before the Lady Knights simply exploded on offense, sending 14 batters to the plate in the inning.
The onslaught began with a Lexi Martin single, followed by a double from Kinsey Patterson. Jessie Keen singled home a run, and Woods singled in another to trim the deficit to 7-4. Yoder singled, and Callie Cline's single to center plated a pair to get the Lady Knights to within 7-6. Knapp drew a walk to load the bases, and Yabroff continued her great season by slamming a grand slam over the wall in center to give her team a 10-7 advantage, marking West Holmes' first lead of the game.
However, the Lady Knights were not done. After Steph Large struck out and Martin grounded out for the second out, singles from Patterson and Keen brought the slugging Woods to the plate. She fell behind 0-2 before depositing a dinger over the wall in left to complete the 11-run outburst.
Stunned, the Golden Bears had one last chance to build a rally of their own but went quietly. West Holmes had staged an incredible late-inning rally, and what seemed like a loss turned into a scintillating win.
Martin went the distance for West Holmes to collect the win, hurling seven innings, allowing 12 hits, striking out two and walking three. The loss went to Wolfe, who went six innings, allowing 14 hits, striking out three and walking a pair.
Hitting heroes were all over the scorebook for both sides.
Woods went 4-of-5 with two home runs and five RBI, Yabroff recorded three hits including the grand slam, Patterson went a perfect 3-of-3 at the dish with a single and a double, and Yoder and Keen both raked a pair of hits.
Waynedale was led | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.250723 | -1.048616 | 0.369522 | -0.368648 |
Summary: There are millions of files on KickassTorrents but we can't access them anymore. So here we will introduce 10 KickassTorrents alternatives to download free full movies, TV shows and more.
Commonly abbreviated KAT – KickassTorrents was one of the best and most popular BitTorrent download sites. Yeah, "it was"; currently, all KickassTorrent official websites are down and as such no one can access them to download those good stuff' anymore.
However,there are many great torrent sites to switch over to since KAT has never recovered from the 2016 backlash from the US government. Previously, Kickasstorrent was the best place to download free full movies, Television shows, songs, games, apps, anime, eBooks, and etc.
Arguably, there are millions of files on KAT but we can't access them anymore. So sad, but we've got to move on and look for alternative sites. So come along with me as I introduce these 10 lovely Kickasstorrent alternatives.
When looking for a perfect alternative to the infamous KAT, 1337X is the next bus-stop for getting intense torrents. The platform features magnet links which allow for peer-to-peer file sharing via BitTorrent protocol.
Also, it has an intuitive interface; it is very easy to find your way around the website and get what you want. There are other domains that will lead to the main website of 1337X just in case you're blocked out from accessing one of them. Furthermore, you can browse through various categories to get your desired torrents.
You should be familiar with this torrent site if you were following up KAT during its peak years. Lime Torrents is obviously a top torrent site a lightweight design; the site load very fast and it is also very easy to use.
A search bar is available to lookup keywords for the file(s) you want to download. Games, apps, music, etc are available on Lime torrents. Also, you'll find community verified torrents on this site.
This has been a great rival to KAT; it is a BitTorrent site that doesn't mess around when it has to deal with torrents. Sadly, this website is restricted to certain regions; people who live in such regions have to rely on proxies or VPN servers to break through the firewall/restriction. Torrent Downloads hosts some of the heftiest torrent sources worldwide.
If you're out for freebie games, softwares, movies, etc. then, maybe you check out TD – Torrent Downloads.
This is yet another great splash for getting free torrents; a perfect place to join worldwide torrent communities. The website comes with quite a lot of features which made it appear like it's bulky. Nevertheless, it loads very fast on various web browsers. EXTV also features magnet links for people who may want to know of its extensive features.
Still,in kickasstorrents alternative, YTS is a distinctive host site to get free torrents. There are no many features available on this platform anyway. All movies are shown you to you boldly via captivating posters. This is a movie torrent website; you won't find other stuff here.
Also, on this torrent site, you'll be able to browse and download good movies in excellent 720p, 1080p and 3D quality at the most-possible smallest file size.
Zoogleis that rightful kickasstorrent alternative you seek for. There are tons of torrents available on this site for you to download at no cost. This is one of the most visited torrent site looking at the Alexa rank and statistics.
Also, on the Zoogle torrent site, there are lots of categories to look for your free stuff. Evenly, you can download premium PC apps from here. There are two versions of this site; the Russian version and the English version.
Here is another simple, very easy to use torrent download site. Seedpeer just as the others already listed in this article is quite versatile in what it has to offer. Well, the simple, user-friendly interface is one of those most interesting features it flaunts.
Hopefully, this site will be going down any time soon before it is in compliance with all the EU and other foreign policies.
DB stands for DataBase in webmaster slangs; could it be that this is a | [
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25 Best Bachelor's in Actuarial Science for 2022
Do you enjoy complex math equations, solving problems, and ponder the concept of quantifying the future through mathematics? The last statement may sound a bit far-fetched, but if you've ever considered the concept of how to predict the future in a meaningful fashion, you'll benefit from getting your bachelor's degree in actuarial science. Actuarial science involves the use of complex mathematics to assess the odds that a specific incident is going to happen, or not. Essentially, an actuary looks at the data from a given incident, such as heart attacks or auto accidents, and uses that information to help calculate the potential for the risk going forward.
So, is actuarial science a good major? If you have a strong inclination for math, you'll find that becoming an actuary is a rewarding and well-compensated career. During your studies for your actuarial science degree, you'll learn how to use actuarial software, how to write the relevant equations, use existing data as inputs, and generate results that provide a reasonable degree of accuracy for the risks that surround a group of people.
Methodology: Ranking the Best Undergraduate Actuarial Science Programs
To rank the best campus-based actuarial science bachelor's programs, Bachelor's Degree Center editors focused on accredited, trustworthy institutions. Programs are ranked by factors that matter to students, including tuition, student satisfaction, and potential salary. Data comes from IPEDS and Niche.
1. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
The University of Illinois offers a BS in Actuarial Science that is ranked among Illinois's best undergraduate actuarial science programs. The University of Illinois' undergraduate degree in actuarial science requires the completion of a minimum of 120 undergraduate semester units, with major classes in actuarial statistics, casualty actuarial mathematics, life contingencies, financial markets, and methods of applied statistics, to name a few.
The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (Urbana Champaign) is a public university that was established as a land grant industrial school in the 1860s. In addition, U of I is a sea and space-grant institution of higher education that serves more than 52,150 undergraduate and postgraduate students each year.
What We Like: The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) is recognized to be one of the nation's Public Ivies – a public education that delivers ivy-league education.
Degree: Actuarial Science, BS
2. The University of Texas at Austin
The University of Texas at Austin offers a BS in Actuarial Science that requires Austin students to complete 120 undergraduate semester units to meet the actuarial science competencies from Texas's flagship campus. The University of Texas's best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs include classes in economics, probability & statistics, and quantitative reasoning, to name a few. Interested students should inquire about Austin's honor's program.
The University of Texas (UT @ Austin) is a public higher learning institution that was developed in the 1880s. UT Austin serves more than 50,650 students each year as the flagship, space-grant school in the state.
What We Like: The University of Texas is home to nearly 1.5 dozen libraries and seven campus museums, including the LBJ museum.
SUNY Binghamton offers two of the best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs in the Empire State with its Bachelor of Science program (BS) or a Bachelor of Arts degree (BA) program off in Actuarial Science. Binghamton's best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs encourage students to pursue relevant internships, which have been a part of the program in the past, available with NY Life, Cigna, met Life, State Farm, Price Water House Coopers, Guardian Life, and Prudential, to a name a few.
SUNY at Binghamton is a multi-campus state-funded school that is a member of the SUNY system. Founded in the mid-1940s as the Triple Cities College, SUNY Binghamton now serves more than 18,050 undergraduate and graduate students each year -online and on-campus
What We Like: SUNY Binghamton was initially designed to serve the needs of veterans returning from war and to help | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.708548 | 0.284858 | 1.328 | 2.090589 |
support IBM, located in Broome County.
Degree: Actuarial Science, BS & BA
4. University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB)
The University of California, Santa Barbara offers a BS in Actuarial Science that is has been named one of the Golden State's best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs. Students enrolled in the University of California's actuarial science bachelor's degree offers a combo BS and MS degree that can help degree candidates earn two degrees in less time. This degree from the University of California Santa Barbara prepares graduates to sit for several of the industry related designations.
USCB was established in the 180s as Blake School, designed to train teachers. This campus joined the state's university system about four decades later and now serves approximately 25,250 students each year.
What We Like: The University of California's SB campus is organized into five undergraduate and graduate schools offering programs in letters/sciences, engineering, creative studies, education, and environmental sciences.
5. Michigan State University
Michigan State University's BS in Actuarial Science is named one of the most innovative and State's best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs available in the marketplace. Students attending Michigan State University's bachelor's degree program in actuarial science will need to finish a minimum of 120 undergraduate semester credits covering general education and major requirements. Examples of classes for this actuarial degree include actuarial models, financial mathematics, theories of mathematical interest, and an actuarial practicum, to name a few.
Founded in the 1850s under the Morrill Act as a land grant school, Michigan State University is now a comprehensive school with living alumni networks that exceed 600,000 worldwide members. The school is also a space-grant school with a student enrollment served online and on-campus of nearly 50,000 each year.
What We Like: Many of Michigan State University's programs consistently rank among the nation's top on-campus and online programs.
6. University of Connecticut
The University of Connecticut offers a BS in Actuarial Science that is ranked among the best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs by the Casualty Actuarial. Classes for the University of Connecticut's undergraduate actuarial degree are offered by a Center of Excellence by the Society of Actuaries. Sample coursework for this undergraduate degree in actuarial science includes programming for analytical professions, applied actuarial statistics, and elementary differential equations, to name a few.
The University of Connecticut was established in the 1880s under the Morrill Land Act as an agricultural school but now operates as the state's flagship sea and space grant school with more than 27,250 undergraduate and graduate students.
What We Like: The University of Connecticut is one of the finest schools in the nation, having received consideration as a Public Ivy School.
7. University of Massachusetts – Amherst
The University of Massachusetts offers a BS in Mathematics – Actuarial Science. The programs and coursework from UMass meet the VEE (Validation by Educational Experience) class mandates. UMass Amherst's best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs are offered other concentrations in teaching, data science, math computing, and applied math, pure math, to name a few. Core requirements include multivariable calculus, introduction to abstract math, integral calculus, and number theory, to name a few.
Established as an agricultural higher learning institution in the 1860s, the University of Massachusetts Amherst is a member of the state's university system and the 5 College Consortium in the Pioneer Valley.
What We Like: With nearly 31,000 students, Amherst is recognized as the largest of all campuses in Massachusetts's state system.
8. Drake University
Drake University offers a BS in Business Administration with a major in Actuarial Science that is considered among Iowa's most innovative and best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs. Example of the classes required for Drake University's bachelor's degree in actuarial science includes life insurance math, theory of interest lab, and probability, business strategy and policy, information technology and business, business law, and corporate finance, to name a few.
Drake University is a private institution of higher education that was founded in the 1880s. In addition, Drake University is a space | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.245968 | 0.327685 | 1.05543 | 1.716185 |
-grant school that serves more than 5,050 undergraduate and postgraduate students each year.
What We Like: Drake University holds the distinction of being one of the oldest of oldest 25 schools in the nation.
Degree: Business Administration – Actuarial Science, BS
9. University of the Pacific
The University of the Pacific offers a BS in Applied Mathematics with an Actuarial Science concentration that has been named among the best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs with dual campuses in California. Classes for this actuarial science degree from the University of the Pacific include an introduction to linear algebra, abstract algebra, quantitative analysis, topics in applied statistics, models of life contingencies, and empirical methods, to name a few.
The University of the Pacific was founded as a college in 1911. The University of the Pacific has moved a few times since its inception but now serves more than 3,550 students on its dual campuses and online.
What We Like: The University of the Pacific holds the distinction of being the oldest of all chartered schools in the Golden State and the first coeducation campus that operates independently.
10. Auburn University
Auburn University offers a BS in Actuarial Science that requires degree candidates to finish a minimum of 120 credits to graduate. Auburn University's best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs include classes in mathematics of interest theory, fundamentals of accounting, probability & statistics, principles of macro and macroeconomics, topics in linear algebra, linear differential equations, actuality seminar in the mathematics of finance, to name a few.
Auburn University was founded as an all-male college in the 1850s but now operates as one of Alabama's dual flagship schools. Auburn University began as a private school but became Alabama's first land-grant university in 1872. Auburn University has undergone several name changes, including an A&M and polytechnic school.
What We Like: More than 30,300 undergraduate and graduate students attend classes, making it the state's second-largest school.
11. Temple University
Temple University offers a Bachelor of Business Administration in Actuarial Science that is considered among Philadelphia's best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs and recognized as one of the Actuarial Excellence Centers by the SOA – the Society of Actuaries. Temple University's programs are VEE-accredited, and degree candidates must complete 124 undergraduate credits across classes that include actuarial modeling, actuarial analytics, and theory of interest, to name a few. Note, Temple University offers a global immersion experience to round out their undergraduate program.
Temple University was established in 1888 and is a private school that is partially state-related. The school was established by a Baptist minister in the City of Brotherly Love and now serves more than 39.350 postgraduate and graduate students each year.
What We Like: Temple University is organized. Into twenty colleges/schools, offering more than 500 academic degree programs.
Degree: Business Administration Concentration Actuarial Science, BA
12. New York University
New York University offers a BS in Business Administration in Actuarial Science that is one of the most innovative & best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs located in Manhattan, New York City. The New York University actuarial student will complete core classes in mathematics of investment, corporate finance, calculus I, II, III, plus advanced electives. Students may choose electives like life contingencies, forecasting of time series data, and statistical inference & regression analysis, to name a few.
New York University is a research university that was founded in the 1830s by a state charter. New York University's ten colleges serve nearly 52,000 students on its New York University campus, and other domestic academic facilities, and those around the globe.
What We Like: NYU began as an all-male school in lower Manhattan near City Hall with a broad focus on secular education.
Degree: Business, BS Concentration Actuarial Science
13. University of Central Florida
The University of Central Florida offers a BS in Actuarial Science that is considered among the nation's most innovative and best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs. Students graduating from the University of Central Florida's bachelor's degree program find rewarding care | [
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ers as a professor, insurance analyst/underwriter, actuarial mathematician, or underwriting service representative, to name a few. Classes include calculus with analytic geometry I, II, & III, and plus applied time series, among others.
The University of Central Florida, chartered within the 1960s, is a research school and a public member school of Florida's state university system. The University of Central Florida, located near Florida's space coast, is a space-grant school with a student enrollment that now nears 72,000 students from all states and across the world.
What We Like: The University of Central Florida's original name was Fl Technical University, with an initial class of about 1,900 students.
14. University of Louisville
The University of Louisville offers a BS in Actuarial Science that prepares students to sit for professional exams in the actuarial field offers by the Casualty Actuarial Society & the Society of Actuaries, exams which offer graduates entry into the field. In addition, the University of Louisville's best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs require coursework in risk and insurance finance, mathematical foundations of actuarial science, and economic analysis and forecasting, to name a few.
Founded as a seminary in the late 1790s, the University of Louisville is a research facility that is honored to be one of the first schools to the west of the Allegheny Mountains that received a charter.
What We Like: The University of Louisville is well known for its many successful athletic programs, with students representing the school as the Cardinals.
15. Bradley University
Bradley University offers a BS in Mathematics – Actuarial Science that is considered one of the best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs in Illinois and beyond. Bradley University's baccalaureate actuarial science degree includes classes in probability & statistics, topics in actuarial science, elementary linear algebra with applications, investment analysis, portfolio theory & management of financial research/modeling, operations research, applied statistical methods, strategic management in organizations, and business communication, and the legal environment of business, among others.
Bradley University was founded in the 1890s as a private institution of higher education. Bradley University's Peoria campus and online platform serve more than 4,550 undergraduate and graduate students each year for degrees offered by the university's six colleges/schools.
What We Like: Bradley was founded by a philanthropist whose husband and children died suddenly.
Degree: Mathematics – Actuarial Science, BS
16. Central Washington University
Central Washington University offers a BS in Actuarial Science that is ranked among the most innovative & best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs by the SOA – the Society of Actuaries. Classes from Central Washington University's undergraduate degree in actuarial science include probability theory, advanced statistical methods, predictive analytics, advanced visual basic programming, actuarial modeling, multivariable calculus, financial mathematics I, II, & III, enterprise database systems, and mathematical statistics, to name a few.
Central Washington University was founded as a teacher's school in the 1890s by a state legislative action but now operates as a four-year school that serves approximately 12,150 students each year. Central Washington University is recognized as a Hispanic-servicing institution with about fifteen percent of its students of Hispanic descent.
What We Like: Parts of Central Washington University's campus are a part of the National Register of Historic Places.
17. Valparaiso University
Valparaiso University offers a BS in Actuarial Science that is one of Indiana's most innovative and best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs in the Midwest. Valparaiso University's undergraduate actuarial degree that requires the completion of a minimum of 131 5o 133 credit units in classes that include -actuarial modeling, the economics of financial markets, statistics for decision-making, theory of corporate finance, mathematical statistics, Stochastic Processes, investment management, and actuarial theories, plus a colloquium, to name a few.
Valparaiso University (Valpo) was founded as a coeducational college in the late-1850s and later became a teacher's training and business school. The university's suburban campus and online platform serve approximately 3,450 students each year.
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: Valparaiso University is recognized to be one of the first established coeducational institutions of higher education in the United States.
18. University of Cincinnati
The University of Cincinnati offers two of the best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs in Ohio with its Bachelor of Science degree (BS) its Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree program in Statistical/Actuarial Science. Classes for UC's undergraduate degree in actuarial science include an introduction to probability, mathematical statistics, financial mathematics, and Applied Probability & Stochastic Processes, to name a few.
The University of Cincinnati (UC) was founded in 1819 and holds the distinction of being the city's oldest higher learning institution. This space-grant university, which is a member of the state's university system with a student enrollment that exceeds 46,550 postgraduate and undergraduate students.
What We Like: The University of Cincinnati also is recognized as the second largest institution of higher education in Ohio.
Degree: Statistics/Actuarial Sciences, BS & BA
19. Bryant University
Bryant University offers a BS in Actuarial Science that offers an interdisciplinary approach with coursework from the liberal arts college and the school's college of business. Bryant University's actuarial program is ranked among the top ten best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs of regional schools by US News & World Report in the US's northern area. Sample classes include actuarial statistics, mathematical interest theory, calculus 7& analytic geometry, and fundamentals of property and casualty reserving, to name a few.
Established in the 1860s, Bryant University is a private school that now operates as a space-grant institution of higher education. Bryant University's Smithfield location covers more than 400 acres and serves approximately 3,700 students each year.
What We Like: Bryant University was initially founded as an extension of a larger school teaching bookkeeping and business.
20. Texas Christian University
Texas Christian University offers a BA in Actuarial Science that is one of the most affordable and best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs in the nation. Students enrolled in Texas Christian University's baccalaureate degree in actuarial science are required to complete accounting for decision making, techniques in programs Python for Data Analytics, and scientific analysis and modeling, to name a few. All degree candidates must finish a minimum of 124 semester units to meet TCU's graduation criteria.
Texas Christian University was established in the 1870s by the Disciples of Christ. The university's campus is a few miles from Fort Worth's downtown and serves approximately 11,250 students each year.
What We Like: Texas Christian University is organized into ten colleges and schools offering programs in liberal arts, education, communication, business, medicine, nursing, engineering, and fine arts, among others.
Degree: BA in Actuarial Science
21. Butler University
Butler University offers a BS in Actuarial Science that is ranked as one of the most innovative and best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs in the Hoosier state and beyond. Butler University also offers students an accelerated academic track of only 3 years. Classes for Butler's actuarial degree program include financial math, linear regression and time series, loss models, probability & statistical theory, to name a few.
Butler University was established as a Christian school in 1855 and named to honor its benefactor – Ovid Butler. The university's urban campus (located just a few miles from Indianapolis' downtown) serves more than 4,400 undergraduate and graduate students every year.
What We Like: Butler University is organized into six colleges/schools offering programs in pharmacy/health, communication, business, arts, or liberal arts/sciences.
22. Saint John Fisher College
Saint John Fisher College offers a BS in Mathematics – Actuarial Science that is considered among the Garden State's most innovative and best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs. Saint John Fisher College's student to faculty ratio is an impressive 12 to 1. Classes for this bachelor's degree in actuarial science include macro and microeconomics, mathematical sciences, regression techniques, statistics, and probability models, to name a few.
Saint John Fisher College (St Fisher) was founded as a private school | [
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in 1948. The suburban campus in Pittsford and online campus is home to more than 3,550 undergraduate and graduate students.
What We Like: Saint John Fisher College is organized into five schools/colleges offering degrees and programs in arts/sciences, education, business, pharmacy, and nursing.
Degree: Actuarial Science, BA
23. Bellarmine University
Bellarmine University offers a BS in Actuarial Science that can be completed in as few 3. 5 to 4 years. Bellarmine University's best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs include coursework in business finance, investment theory, business, and professional communications, probability & mathematical statistics, real analysis, abstract algebra, econometrics, intermediate macroeconomic theory, calculus, and numbers & proof, to name a few.
Bellarmine University was founded as a private school in the 1950s and has a Roman Catholic affiliation, with the initial school established by the Louisville Archdiocese. The university is named for a cardinal saint and operates as a space-grant institution of higher education with a student enrollment that needs 4,000 students.
What We Like: Bellarmine University is organized into seven colleges/schools that offer programs in arts/sciences, business, nursing, education, communication, professional studies, and environmental studies.
24. Mount Mercy University
Mount Mercy University offers a BS in Actuarial Science that prepares students for rewarding careers working for companies like Allstate Insurance, Nationwide Insurance, Transamerica Insurance, and Blue Cross/Blue Shield to name a few. Classes that need to be completed by students enrolled in Mount Mercy University's best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs include discrete mathematics, fundamentals of computer science, mathematical theory of interest, and risk management, plus an internship in mathematics and actuarial science, to name a few.
Mount Mercy University (MMU) was founded as a private school in the late 1920s by the Sisters of Mercy as a two year school for women. The school's urban campus includes a grotto which is listed with the National Register of Historic Places.
What We Like: Mount Mercy University became a four-year university several decades after its inception in the late 1950s.
25. Simmons University
Simmons University offers a BS in Financial Mathematics that is considered one of the best undergraduate actuarial sciences programs in New England and beyond. Classes for degree candidates enrolled in Simmons University's baccalaureate degree program in actuary science includes econometrics, financial math, principals of macro/microeconomics, statistical design & analysis, and financial accounting, to name a few. Students with excellent GPAs may consider enrolling in Simmons University's honors degree pathway.
Simmons University, which was a college until 2018, is a private school that was founded in 1899. Simmons University is primarily a women's undergraduate school with a coed graduate division. Nearly 4,900 undergraduate and postgraduate students each year.
What We Like: Simmons offers programs and a degree from its college of health sciences and other schools that include business, library/information science, social work, humanities, and nursing, to name a few.
Degree: Financial Mathematics, BS
How Do I Choose an Actuarial Science Program?
The best actuarial science schools are ones that have a good reputation, has accreditation, and has a large percentage of graduates finding employment after earning their degree. Another option is to choose a school from a list of the best actuarial schools published by the Society of Actuaries (SOA). The SOA puts out a list of the top actuarial science colleges that meet their standards, and acts as a type of accreditation for the best actuarial science schools. Currently, there is no association or organization that accredits actuarial degree programs, but the SOA is the organization that administers the professional examinations that you need to work as an actuary.
Actuaries are usually required to pass at least two or three of the SOA exams that are relevant to their chosen concentration in order to find steady employment. In order to pass the exams, you want to select an actuarial science program that provides you with the requisite education. Schools that are listed by the | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.13321 | 0.110955 | 1.001633 | 1.604876 |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:1}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
In the present work, we are interested in the global-in-time existence and uniqueness of classical solutions and its large-time behavior for a coupled hydrodynamic system in the whole space. More precisely, the system of our interest consists of the pressureless Euler equations and incompressible Navier--Stokes equations (in short, pressureless ENS system), which are coupled via the drag force:
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}\label{A-1}
&\partial_t \rho + \nabla_x \cdot (\rho u) = 0,\quad x \in \mathbb R^d, \ t > 0,\\
&\partial_t (\rho u) + \nabla_x \cdot (\rho u \otimes u) = -\rho( u-v),\\
&\partial_t v + (v \cdot\nabla_x )v + \nabla_x p - \mu\Delta_x v = \rho(u-v),\\
&\nabla_x \cdot v =0,
\end{aligned}
\end{align}
subject to initial data:
\begin{equation}\label{A-1_ini}
(\rho(x,0), u(x,0), v(x,0)) = (\rho_0(x), u_0(x), v_0(x)), \quad x\in\mathbb R^d.
\end{equation}
Here $\rho = \rho(x,t)$ and $u = u(x,t)$ represent the fluid density and velocity for the pressureless flow at a domain $(x,t) \in \mathbb R^d \times \mathbb R_+$, respectively, and $v = v(x,t)$ denote the fluid velocity for the incompressible flow. $\mu > 0$ is the viscosity coefficient, and throughout this paper, we set $\mu = 1$ for simplicity.
Our main system is closely related to the kinetic-fluid models, in general multiphase flows, which have received increasing attention due to its wide range of applications, for instances, including medicine, biotechnology, combustion in diesel engines, and atmospheric pollution \cite{BBJM05,BDM03,OR81,VASG06,Wi58}. To be more specific, at the formal level, the pressureless ENS system \eqref{A-1} can be derived from the kinetic-fluid system consisting of Vlasov--Navier--Stokes system with a strong local alignment force. Here we briefly outline the formal derivation. Let $f = f(x,\xi,t)$ be the number density function of dispersed particles in phase space $(x,\xi) \in \mathbb R^d \times \mathbb R^d$ at time $t \in \mathbb R_+$ and $u = u(x,t)$ be the velocity of the incompressible flow. We then consider
\begin{align}\label{kin_fl}
\begin{aligned}
&\partial_t f^\varepsilon + \xi \cdot \nabla_x f^\varepsilon + \nabla_\xi \cdot \left((u^\varepsilon-\xi)f^\varepsilon\right) = \frac1\varepsilon \nabla_\xi \cdot \left( (\xi-u^\varepsilon)f^\varepsilon \right),\cr
&\partial_t v^\varepsilon + (v^\varepsilon \cdot\nabla_x )v^\varepsilon + \nabla_x p^\varepsilon -\Delta_x v^\varepsilon = \rho^\varepsilon(u^\varepsilon-v^\varepsilon),\\
&\nabla_x \cdot v^\varepsilon =0,
\end{aligned}
\end{align}
where $\rho^\varepsilon = \rho^\varepsilon(x,t)$ and $\rho^\varepsilon u^\varepsilon = (\rho^\varepsilon u^\varepsilon)(x,t)$ are local particle density and moment given by
\[
\rho^\varepsilon = \int_{\R^d} f\,d\xi \quad \mbox{and} \quad \rho^\varepsilon u^\varepsilon = \int_{\R^d} \xi f\,d\xi,
\]
respectively. Here the term on the right hand side of the kinetic equation in \eqref{kin_fl} is often called the local alignment force; it produces the dissipation term for the kinetic energy. Moreover, at the formal, it follows from the kinetic equation in \eqref{kin_fl} that $\rho^\varepsilon$ and $\rho^\varepsilon | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.282903 | 2.196495 | -0.445274 | 0.762468 |
u^\varepsilon$ satisfy
$$\begin{aligned}
&\partial_t \rho^\varepsilon + \nabla_x \cdot (\rho^\varepsilon u^\varepsilon) = 0,\cr
&\partial_t (\rho^\varepsilon u^\varepsilon) + \nabla_x \cdot \left(\rho^\varepsilon u^\varepsilon\otimes u^\varepsilon \right) + \nabla_x \cdot \left(\int_{\R^d} (\xi - u^\varepsilon)\otimes (\xi - u^\varepsilon) f\,d\xi \right) = - \rho^\varepsilon(u^\varepsilon-v^\varepsilon),\cr
&\partial_t v^\varepsilon + (v^\varepsilon \cdot\nabla_x )v^\varepsilon + \nabla_x p^\varepsilon -\Delta_x v^\varepsilon = \rho^\varepsilon(u^\varepsilon-v^\varepsilon),\\
&\nabla \cdot v^\varepsilon =0.
\end{aligned}$$
Even though the above system is not closed, under the strong local alignment regime, i.e., $\varepsilon \ll 1$, we have the monokinetic ansatz from \eqref{kin_fl}:
\[
f^\varepsilon(x,v,t)\,dxdv \simeq \rho^\varepsilon(x,t)\,dx \,\otimes \delta_{u^\varepsilon(x,t)}(dv).
\]
This formal observation leads to the pressureless ENS system \eqref{A-1}. There have been some results concerning hydrodynamic limit from the kinetic-fluid models to two-phase fluid systems. In \cite{CCK16,CJ20,CJpre,GJV04, GJV04_2,MV08}, the asymptotic analysis for the Vlasov--Fokker--Planck equation coupled with the incompressible/compressible Navier--Stokes equations are discussed. In these works, the relative entropy method is used, and thus the presence of the diffusion term in the kinetic equation is important. This gives the convexity of the total macroscopic energy and enables us to handle the strong coupling between kinetic and fluid equations. More recently, in \cite{CJpre2}, the hydrodynamic limit for the Vlasov--Poisson--Navier--Stokes equations is investigated and the pressureless Euler--Poisson--Navier--Stokes equations are rigorously derived under the strong local alignment force regime.
The global existence of classical solutions and its large-time behavior for the pressureless Euler-type system coupled with the incompressible/compressible Navier--Stokes system are investigated in \cite{CK16, HKK14} in the periodic domain $\mathbb T^d$. Due to the absence of the pressure term in the Euler system, it is not clear to estimate the fluid density in the desired Sobolev space. In fact, it is well-known that the pressureless Euler-type equations develop a finite-time formation of singularities, for instance $\delta$-shock \cite{CCTT16,CCZ16,CW96,Eng96,HKK14,LT02}. In order to resolve it, the large-time behavior estimate combined with the a priori estimate is used in those works. To be more specific, by introducing a Lyapunov functional, the exponential decay of $L^2$-norm of the pressureless fluid velocity $u$ can be obtained. This together with an appropriate higher-order $L^2$-Sobolev norm of $u$ asserts the exponential decay of $\|\nabla_x u\|_{H^s(\mathbb T^d)}$ in time. From this, we can bound the fluid density $\rho$ from both above and below by some positive constant, which is independent of time. This requires a rather different regularity for $\rho$ and $u$ for instance, $\rho \in \mathcal C([0,+\infty); H^s(\mathbb T^d))$ and $u \in \mathcal C([0,+\infty); H^{s+2}(\mathbb T^d))$ for some $s > 0$. However, in this strategy, the Poincar\'e inequality is crucially used, and thus it is not clear to extend this idea to Cauchy problems in the whole space. On the other hand, for the coupled isothermal Euler and incompressible/compressible Navier--Stokes system, the large-time behavior estimate is not necessarily required for the global-in-time regularity \cite{Choi15,Choi16}.
The main purpose of the current work is | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.777833 | 2.694845 | -0.156789 | 0.868718 |
to develop a global existence theory for the pressureless ENS system \eqref{A-1}. We employ similar ideas to that for the periodic domain case \cite{CK16, HKK14} to construct the global-in-time classical solutions. We use a recent work \cite{Hpre}, where the large-time behavior for the Vlasov--Navier--Stokes system in the whole space is discussed, to have the $L^2$-decay estimate of solutions in the whole space. In particular, this shows a polynomial decay of kinetic energies for each system in \eqref{A-1}. This combined with our careful analysis enables us to have the decay estimate in higher-order Sobolev spaces; we obtain the same decay rate as the lower order estimate. Here, a proper combination of the drag forcing effect and the smoothing effect from the viscosity in the Navier--Stokes system is significantly used. Although we can not expect the exponential decay for our system in the whole space but only the polynomial decay rate, it is enough to have the uniform-in-time bound estimates for the fluid density. Combining these estimates and the standard bootstrapping argument gives the global-in-time existence and the large-time behavior of classical solutions to the system \eqref{A-1}.
More precisely, we state our main theorem.
\begin{theorem}\label{T2.1}
Let $d \ge 3$ and $s \geq 2[d/2]\footnote{$[\,\cdot\,]$ represents the floor function, i.e., $[x]$ is the greatest integer less than or equal to $x \in \mathbb R$.}+1$. Suppose that the initial data $(\rho_0, u_0, v_0)$ satisfy
\begin{itemize}
\item[(i)] $\rho_0(x)>0$ for every $x\in\mathbb R^d$ and
\item[(ii)] $(\rho_0, u_0, v_0) \in (L^1 \cap H^s)(\mathbb R^d) \times H^{s+2}(\mathbb R^d) \cap (L^1 \cap H^{s+1})(\mathbb R^d)$.
\end{itemize}
If
\[
\|\rho_0\|_{H^s(\mathbb R^d)} + \|u_0\|_{H^{s+2}(\mathbb R^d)} + \|v_0\|_{H^{s+1}(\mathbb R^d)} + \|v_0\|_{L^1(\mathbb R^d)}<\varepsilon_0
\]
for $\varepsilon_0$ sufficiently small, the Cauchy problem \eqref{A-1}-\eqref{A-1_ini} has a unique global classical solution $(\rho, u, v) \in \mathcal C([0,+\infty);H^s(\mathbb R^d)) \times \mathcal{C}([0,+\infty);H^{s+2}(\mathbb R^d)) \times \mathcal{C}([0,+\infty);H^{s+1}(\mathbb R^d))$ satisfying $\rho(x,t) > 0$ for all $(x,t) \in \mathbb R^d \times [0, + \infty)$ and
\[
\sup_{t \ge 0}\left( \|\rho(\cdot,t)\|_{H^s(\mathbb R^d)} + \|u(\cdot,t)\|_{H^{s+2}(\mathbb R^d)} + \|v(\cdot,t)\|_{H^{s+1}(\mathbb R^d)} \right) <\infty.
\]
Moreover, for every $\alpha \in (0,d/2)$ there exists a constant $C>0$ independent of $t$ such that
\[
\|u(\cdot,t)\|_{H^{s+1}(\mathbb R^d)}^2 + \|v(\cdot,t)\|_{H^s(\mathbb R^d)}^2 \le \frac{C}{(1+t)^\alpha}\quad \forall \, t \ge 0.
\]
\end{theorem}
\begin{remark} Due to the absence of the pressure in Euler equation in \eqref{A-1}, we can not have time decay estimate of the fluid density $\rho$.
\end{remark}
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In Section \ref{sec:pre}, we briefly present some useful Sobolev inequalities and a priori energy estimates for the system \eqref{A-1}. We also state the local-in-time existence theory which can be established by the standard | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.791418 | 2.694845 | -0.783297 | 0.73717 |
arguments developed for conservation laws types. Section \ref{sec:ap} is devoted to present the time decay estimate of the total energy for the system \eqref{A-1}. As mentioned before, we use the strategy recently developed in \cite{Hpre}. We slightly modify the time behavior estimate to apply it to our main system \eqref{A-1}. Finally, in Section \ref{sec:main}, we provide the a priori estimates of solutions in the weighted Sobolev spaces by $(1+t)^r$ with some $r > 0$. These estimates yield that the local-in-time classical solutions can be extended to the global ones. Using these global solutions, we refine the weighted Sobolev space estimates to establish the large-time behavior estimates with the desired polynomial decay rate. This proves Theorem \ref{T2.1}.
Before closing this section, we introduce several notations used throughout this paper. For a function $f=f(x)$, $\|f\|_{L^p}$ represents the usual $L^p(\mathbb R^d)$-norm. For simplicity, we omit $x$-dependence of differential operators, i.e., $\nabla f:= \nabla_x f$ and $\Delta f := \Delta_x f$. We denote by $C$ a generic positive constant and it may differ from line to line. Finally, $f \lesssim g$ represents that there exists a positive constant $C>0$ such that $f \leq Cg$.
\section{Preliminaries}\label{sec:pre}
In this section, we provide useful Sobolev inequalities and conservation laws for the pressureless ENS system \eqref{A-1} that will be significantly used later. We also state the local-in-time existence and uniqueness theorem.
We first recall the Moser-type inequalities.
\begin{lemma}\label{lem_moser}
\begin{itemize}
\item[(i)] For any pair of functions $f,g \in (H^k \cap L^\infty)(\mathbb R^d)$, we obtain
\[
\|\nabla^k (fg)\|_{L^2} \le C\left(\|f\|_{L^\infty} \|\nabla^k g\|_{L^2} + \|\nabla^k f\|_{L^2}\|g\|_{L^\infty}\right).
\]
Furthermore, if $\nabla f \in L^\infty(\mathbb R^d)$, we have
\[
\|\nabla^k(fg) - f\nabla^k g\|_{L^2} \le C\left(\|\nabla f\|_{L^\infty}\|\nabla^{k-1} g\|_{L^2} + \|g\|_{L^\infty}\|\nabla^k f\|_{L^2}\right).
\]
Here $C>0$ only depends on $k$ and $d$.
\item[(ii)] For $f \in H^{[d/2]+1}(\mathbb R^d)$, we have
\[
\|f\|_{L^\infty} \leq C\|\nabla f\|_{H^{[d/2]}}.
\]
\end{itemize}
\end{lemma}
We next provide estimates of the mass and the total momentum, and the energy dissipation of the system \eqref{A-1}. Since the proof is almost the same as \cite[Lemma 2.1]{HKK14}, see also \cite{Choi15,Choi16,Choi16_2}, we omit it here.
\begin{lemma}\label{lem_energy} Let $(\rho,u,v)$ be a solution to the system \eqref{A-1} with sufficient integrability. Then we have
\begin{itemize}
\item[(i)] The total mass of $\rho$ is conserved in time:
\[
\int_{\R^d} \rho(x,t)\,dx = \int_{\R^d} \rho_0(x)\,dx \quad \forall \, t\geq0.
\]
\item[(ii)] The total momentum is conserved in time:
\[
\int_{\R^d} (\rho u)(x,t)\,dx + \int_{\R^d} v(x,t)\,dx = \int_{\R^d} (\rho_0 u_0)(x)\,dx + \int_{\R^d} v_0(x)\,dx\quad \forall \, t\geq0.
\]
\item[(iii)] The total energy is not increasing in time:
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29938,
322,
395,
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1504,
13,
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2236,
4638,
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320,
262,
379,
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29906,
10062,
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390,
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5767,
591,
505,
13,
29905,
29961,
13,
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22772,
29931,
3823,
3411,
29913,
320,
3797,
315,
29905,
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8511,
285,
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29950,
998,
29961,
29881,
29914,
29906,
29962,
27243,
13,
18899,
13,
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355,
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1322,
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13,
29905,
355,
29912,
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13,
13,
13,
4806,
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3867,
21875,
310,
278,
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322,
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322,
278,
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320,
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11035
] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.199099 | 2.134202 | -0.785314 | 0.661278 |
frac12 \int_{\R^d} \rho(x,t)|u(x,t)|^2\,dx + \frac12\int_{\R^d} |v(x,t)|^2\,dx \cr
&\quad + \int_0^t\left( \int_{\R^d} |\nabla v(x,\tau)|^2\,dx + \int_{\R^d} \rho(x,\tau)|(u-v)(x,\tau)|^2\,dx\right)d\tau \cr
&\qquad = \frac12 \int_{\R^d} \rho_0(x)|u_0(x)|^2\,dx + \frac12\int_{\R^d} |v_0(x)|^2\,dx\quad \forall \, t\geq0.
\end{aligned}$$
\end{itemize}
\end{lemma}
For the sake of notational simplicity, we set a total energy $E$ and its dissipation rate $D$:
\[
E(t):= \int_{\R^d} \rho(x,t)|u(x,t)|^2\,dx + \frac12\int_{\R^d} |v(x,t)|^2\,dx
\]
and
\[
D(t):= \int_{\R^d} |\nabla v(x,t)|^2\,dx + \int_{\R^d} \rho(x,t)|(u-v)(x,t)|^2\,dx,
\]
respectively.
Finally, in the theorem below, we present the local-in-time existence and uniqueness of classical solutions to our main system \eqref{A-1}.
\begin{theorem}\label{thm_local} Let $d \ge 3$ and $s \geq 2[d/2]+1$. Suppose that the initial data $(\rho_0, u_0, v_0)$ satisfy the assumptions (i) and (ii) in Theorem \ref{T2.1}. Then for any positive constants $\epsilon_0 < \delta_0$, there exists a positive constant $T_0$ depending only on $\epsilon_0$ and $\delta_0$ such that if
\[
\|\rho_0\|_{H^s} + \|u_0\|_{H^{s+2}} + \|v_0\|_{H^{s+1}} + \|v_0\|_{L^1}<\epsilon_0,
\]
then the pressureless ENS system \eqref{A-1}-\eqref{A-1_ini} admits a unique solution
\[
(\rho, u, v) \in \mathcal C([0,T_0];H^s(\mathbb R^d)) \times \mathcal{C}([0,T_0];H^{s+2}(\mathbb R^d)) \times \mathcal{C}([0,T_0];H^{s+1}(\mathbb R^d))
\]
satisfying $\rho(x,t) > 0$ for all $(x,t) \in \mathbb R^d \times [0,T_0]$ and
\[
\sup_{0 \leq t \leq T_0}\left( \|\rho(\cdot,t)\|_{H^s} + \|u(\cdot,t)\|_{H^{s+2}} + \|v(\cdot,t)\|_{H^{s+1}} \right) \leq \delta_0.
\]
\end{theorem}
The study of local-in-time existence theory for each equation in \eqref{A-1} is by now well-developed in the $H^s$ Sobolev space. Thus we skip the proof of the above theorem. We refer to \cite{CK16,HKK14} for the readers who are interested in it.
\section{A priori estimate of the large-time behavior of solutions}\label{sec:ap}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
In this section, we present a priori estimate of the time behavior of solutions to the pressureless ENS system \eqref{A-1}. For this, we first investigate the large-time behavior of solutions to the heat equation.
\begin{lemma}\label{L3.1}
Let $V$ be a solution to the heat equation on $\mathbb R^d$:
\begin{equation}\label{heat_eq}
\partial_t V -\Delta V = 0 \quad \mbox{with} \quad V|_{t=0 | [
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320,
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320,
3706,
320,
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29912,
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29900,
1385,
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998,
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29974,
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390,
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13,
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1405,
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29938,
363,
599,
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320,
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320,
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390,
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320,
3706,
518,
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322,
13,
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12587,
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320,
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260,
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3425,
478,
26632,
29873,
29922,
29900
] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.366198 | 2.331465 | -1.091059 | 0.458898 |
} = v_0.
\end{equation}
Then, we have
\[
\|V(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 \le \frac{C(\|v_0\|_{L^2}^2 + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2)}{(1+t)^{d/2}} \quad \forall \,t \ge0,
\]
where $C$ is independent of $v_0$ and $t$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof} By taking the Fourier transform of \eqref{heat_eq}, we find
\[
\partial_t \widehat V(\xi,t) + |\xi|^2 \widehat V(\xi,t) = 0,
\]
and subsequently solving the above differential equation implies
\[
\widehat V(\xi,t) = \widehat V_0(\xi) e^{-|\xi|^2 t}.
\]
We next estimate $L^2$-norm of $\widehat V$. Based on the proof in \cite{Sch85}, we set
\[
{\bf r}(t) :=\left(\frac{d}{2(1+t)}\right)^{1/2}.
\]
Then we obtain
\begin{align}\label{est_v2}
\begin{aligned}
\frac12\frac{d}{dt}\|\widehat V\|_{L^2}^2 &= -\int_{\R^d} |\xi|^2 |\widehat V|^2\,d\xi\\
&= - \int_{\{\xi\in\mathbb R^d:|\xi|\ge {\bf r}(t)\}} |\xi|^2 |\widehat V|^2\,d\xi - \int_{\{\xi\in\mathbb R^d:|\xi|\le {\bf r}(t)\}} |\xi|^2 |\widehat V|^2\,d\xi\\
&\le -\frac{d}{2(1+t)}\int_{\{\xi\in\mathbb R^d:|\xi|\ge {\bf r}(t)\}} |\widehat V|^2\,d\xi - \int_{\{\xi\in\mathbb R^d:|\xi|\le {\bf r}(t)\}} |\xi|^2 |\widehat V|^2\,d\xi\\
&= -\frac{d}{2(1+t)}\|\widehat V\|_{L^2}^2 + \int_{\{\xi\in\mathbb R^d:|\xi|\le {\bf r}(t)\}}\left(\frac{d}{2(1+t)} -|\xi|^2\right) |\widehat V|^2\,d\xi.
\end{aligned}
\end{align}
Since
\[
|\widehat V(\xi,t)| = |\widehat V_0(\xi)|e^{-|\xi|^2 t} \le \|v_0\|_{L^1}e^{-|\xi|^2 t},
\]
this yields
\[\begin{aligned}
\int_{\{\xi\in\mathbb R^d:|\xi|\le {\bf r}(t)\}}\left(\frac{d}{2(1+t)} -|\xi|^2\right) |\widehat V|^2\,d\xi
& \leq \frac{d}{2(1+t)}\int_{\{\xi\in\mathbb R^d:|\xi|\le {\bf r}(t)\}} |\widehat V|^2\,d\xi \cr
&\le \frac{C\|v_0\|_{L^1}^2}{2(1+t)}\int_0^{{\bf r}(t)} \tau^{d-1} e^{-2\tau^2 t}\, d\tau \cr
&\le \frac{C\|v_0\|_{L^1}^2}{2(1+t)} ({\bf r}(t))^d \cr
&\le \frac{C\|v_0\|_{L^1}^2}{(1+t)^{d/2+1}},
\end{aligned}\]
where $C$ is independent of $t$ and $V$. Combining this with \eqref{est_v2} gives
\[
\frac{d}{dt}\left( (1+t)^d \|\widehat V(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2\right) \le C\|v_0\|_{L^1}^2 (1+t)^{d/2-1}.
\]
We then integrate it over the time interval $[0,t]$ to have
\[
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.187551 | 2.21726 | -1.49812 | 0.092083 |
2}{(1+t)^d} + C\|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\frac{(1+t)^{d/2}-1}{(1+t)^d} \leq \frac{C\left(\|\widehat V_0\|_{L^2}^2 + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right)}{(1+t)^{d/2}}.
\]
Finally, we use Plancherel's Theorem to conclude the desired result.
\end{proof}
Next, we study a priori estimate for the large-time behavior of solutions to the system \eqref{A-1}.
\begin{proposition}\label{P3.1}
For $T>0$ and $d\ge 3$, let $(\rho,u,v)$ be a classical solution to the pressureless ENS system \eqref{A-1} on the time interval $[0,T]$ satisfying $\|\rho\|_{L^\infty(\mathbb R^d \times (0,T))}<\infty$. Then, there exists a constant $C>0$ independent of $T$ such that for every $\alpha \in (0,d/2)$,
\begin{equation}\label{large_time}
E(t)(1+t)^\alpha + \int_0^t (1+\tau)^\alpha D(\tau)\,d\tau \le C(E(0)+\|v_0\|_{L^1}^2) \quad \forall \, t \in [0,T].
\end{equation}
\end{proposition}
\begin{proof}
Since the proof is almost the same as \cite[Theorem 2.1]{Hpre}, we only provide the sketch of proof. We notice from Lemma \ref{lem_energy} that
\begin{equation}\label{P3-1.1}
\frac{d}{dt}E(t) + D(t) = 0.
\end{equation}
We then estimate the lower bound of the dissipation term $D(t)$. Introducing a continuous cutoff $g(t)$, which is bounded uniformly in $t$ and will be specified later, we estimate
$$\begin{aligned}
\int_{\R^d} |\nabla v|^2\,dx &= \int_{\R^d} |\xi|^2 |\widehat v|^2\,d\xi \cr
&\ge \int_{\{\xi\in\mathbb R^d:|\xi| \ge g(t)\}} |\xi|^2 |\widehat v|^2\,d\xi \cr
&\ge g^2(t)\int_{\R^d} |v|^2\,dx -g^2(t) \int_{\{\xi\in\mathbb R^d:|\xi|\le g(t)\}} |\widehat v|^2\,d\xi,
\end{aligned}$$
where we used Plancherel's Theorem.
Moreover, we obtain
\[
\int_{\R^d} \rho|u-v|^2\,dx \ge \frac12 \int_{\R^d} \rho|u|^2\,dx - \|\rho\|_{L^\infty(\mathbb R^d \times (0,T))}\|v\|_{L^2}^2.
\]
We next choose a constant $C_0>0$ such that
\[
\frac{\|\rho\|_{L^\infty}}{1+C_0} \leq \frac12 \quad \mbox{and} \quad \frac{\|g\|_{L^\infty}^2}{1+C_0} \le \frac12.
\]
This gives
\[
D(t) \ge \frac12 D(t) + \tilde{g}(t)^2E(t) - \frac{g^2(t)}{2} \int_{\{\xi\in\mathbb R^d:|\xi|\le g(t)\}}|\widehat v|^2\,d\xi,
\]
where $\tilde{g}(t)^2 := g^2(t)/(4(1+C_0))$. Combining this with \eqref{P3-1.1}, we obtain
\begin{equation}\label{P3-1.2}
E(t) + \int_s^t \tilde{g}^2(\tau)E(\tau)\,d\tau +\frac12\left(\int_s^t D(\tau)\,d\tau\right) \le E(s) + \frac12\int_s^t g^2(\tau)\int_{\{\xi\ | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.320008 | 2.279554 | -1.091059 | 0.221101 |
in\mathbb R^d:|\xi|\le g(\tau)\}}|\widehat v(\xi,\tau)|^2\,d\xi d\tau
\end{equation}
for $0\le s \le t \le T$. Now, we set $F := \rho(u-v)$, and let $V$ be the solution of the heat equation \eqref{heat_eq} corresponding to the initial data $V(x,0) = v_0(x)$. Then, applying Duhamel's formula to the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations in \eqref{A-1} yields
\[
\widehat v(\xi,\tau) = \widehat V(\xi,\tau) + \int_0^\tau (-\widehat{v \cdot \nabla v} - \widehat{\nabla p} + \widehat{F})(\xi,r)e^{|\xi|^2(r-\tau)}\,dr.
\]
On the other hand, the incompressibility condition implies
\[
|\widehat{\nabla p}| = \left| \frac{\xi \cdot (-\widehat{v \cdot \nabla v} + \widehat{F})}{|\xi|^2} \xi \right| \le \left|-\widehat{v \cdot \nabla v} + \widehat{F}\right|,
\]
and thus we get
$$\begin{aligned}
&\int_{\left\{\xi\in\mathbb R^d:|\xi|\le g(\tau)\right\}} |\widehat{v}(\xi,\tau)|^2\,d\xi \cr
&\quad \le C\left(\|V(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2 + g(\tau)^{d+2} \left(\int_0^\tau \|v(\cdot,r)\|_{L^2}^2\,dr\right)^2 + g(\tau)^d \left( \int_0^\tau \|\rho(u-v)(\cdot,r)\|_{L^1}\,dr\right)^2 \right),
\end{aligned}$$
where $C>0$ is independent of $T$. This together with \eqref{P3-1.2} gives
$
\begin{aligned}
&E(t) + \int_s^t \tilde{g}^2(\tau)E(\tau)\,d\tau +\frac12\left(\int_s^t D(\tau)\,d\tau\right)\\
&\quad \le E(s) + C\int_s^t g^2(\tau)\|V(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau + C\int_s^t g(\tau)^{d+4} \left(\int_0^\tau \|v(\cdot,r)\|_{L^2}^2\,dr\right)^2\,d\tau\\
&\qquad + C\int_s^t g^{d+2}(\tau)\left(\int_0^\tau \|\rho(u-v)(\cdot,r)\|_{L^1}\,dr\right)^2\,d\tau.
\end{aligned}
$
Since
\[
\|\rho(u-v)\|_{L^1} \le \|\rho\|_{L^1}^{1/2} \left(\int_{\R^d} \rho |u-v|^2\,dx\right)^{1/2} = \left(\int_{\R^d} \rho |u-v|^2\,dx\right)^{1/2},
\]
we use Gr\"onwall-type lemma in \cite[Lemma 2.2]{Hpre} to deduce
\begin{align}\label{est_decay}
\begin{aligned}
E(t)& \exp\left(\int_0^t \tilde{g}^2(\tau)\,d\tau\right) +\frac12\int_0^t D(\tau) \exp\left(\int_0^\tau \tilde{g}^2(r)\,dr\right)\,d\tau\\
&\le E(0) + C\int_0^t g^2(\tau)\|V(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2 \exp\left(\int_0^\tau \tilde{g}^2(r)\,dr\right)\,d\tau\\
&\quad + C\int_0^t g^{d+4}(\tau) \left(\int_0^\tau \|v(\cdot,r)\|_{L^2}^2\,dr\right)^2 \exp\left(\int_0^\tau \tilde{g}^2( | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.245289 | 2.487199 | -1.261415 | 0.175565 |
r)\,dr\right)\,d\tau\\
&\quad + C\int_0^t g^{d+2}(\tau)\left( \int_0^\tau D^{1/2}(r)\,dr\right)^2 \exp\left(\int_0^\tau \tilde{g}^2(r)\,dr\right)\,d\tau.
\end{aligned}
\end{align}
Now, we further choose $g$ satisfying
\[
g^2(t) = \frac{4\alpha (1+C_0)}{1+t}, \quad \mbox{i.e.,} \quad \tilde{g}^2(t) = \frac{\alpha}{10+t},
\]
where $\alpha \in [1, d/2)$ to be determined later. This gives
\[
\exp\left(\int_0^\tau \tilde{g}^2(r)\,dr\right) = (10+\tau)^\alpha,
\]
and we use Lemma \ref{L3.1} to get
$
\begin{aligned}
E(0) &+ C\int_0^t g^2(\tau) \|V(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2 \exp\left(\int_0^\tau \tilde{g}^2(r)\,dr\right)\,d\tau\\
&\le C\left( E(0) + (\|v_0\|_{L^2} + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2)\int_0^t (1+\tau)^{-(1+d/2)+\alpha}\,d\tau\right) \\
&\le C\left(E(0) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right).
\end{aligned}
$
Here $C > 0$ is independent of $T$. To get the desired result, we prove some a priori estimates. First, assume that for some $\beta\in[0,d/2)$,
\[
E(t) \le \frac{C(E(0)+\|v_0\|_{L^1}^2)}{(1+t)^\beta} \quad \forall\,t \in [0,T].
\]
Then, under this a priori assumption, we estimate the third term on the right hand side of the inequality \eqref{est_decay} as
\begin{equation}\label{P3-1.5}
\begin{aligned}
\int_0^t& g^{d+4}(\tau) \left(\int_0^\tau \|v(\cdot,r)\|_{L^2}^2\,dr\right)^2 \exp\left(\int_0^\tau \tilde{g}^2(r)\,dr\right)\,d\tau\\
&\le C(E(0)+\|v_0\|_{L^1}^2) \int_0^t (1+\tau)^{\alpha-2\beta -d/2}\,d\tau\\
&\le C(E(0)+\|v_0\|_{L^1}^2)\times \left\{\begin{array}{lc} (1+t)^{\alpha-2\beta-d/2+1} & \mbox{if} \quad\alpha-2\beta -d/2 >-1, \\
1 & \mbox{if} \quad \alpha-2\beta -d/2 <-1.\end{array}\right.
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
Moreover, if we assume that
\[
\int_0^\tau D(\tau) (10+\tau)^\alpha \le C(E(0)+\|v_0\|_{L^1}^2)\frac{(10+t)^\alpha}{(1+t)^\beta} \quad \forall\,t \in [0,T],
\]
then we have
\begin{equation}\label{P3-1.6}
\begin{aligned}
\int_0^t &g^{d+2}(\tau)\left( \int_0^\tau D^{1/2}(r)\,dr\right)^2 \exp\left(\int_0^\tau \tilde{g}^2(r)\,dr\right)\,d\tau\\
&\le C\int_0^t (1+\tau)^{\alpha-d/2-1} \left[\int_0^\tau D(r)(10+r)^\alpha\,dr\right]\left[\int_0^\tau (1+r)^{-\alpha}\,dr\right] \,d\tau\\
&\le | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.464012 | 2.456052 | -1.132303 | 0.471546 |
C(E(0)+\|v_0\|_{L^1}^2) \int_0^t (1+\tau)^{2\alpha-\beta -d/2-1}\,d\tau\\
&\le C(E(0)+\|v_0\|_{L^1}^2)\times \left\{\begin{array}{lc} (1+t)^{2\alpha-\beta-d/2} & \mbox{if} \quad 2\alpha-\beta -d/2 > 0, \\
1 & \mbox{if} \quad 2\alpha-\beta -d/2 <0.\end{array}\right.
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
Note that \eqref{P3-1.1} implies that \eqref{P3-1.5} and \eqref{P3-1.6} actually hold for $\alpha=1$ and $\beta=0$. From now on, we first let $\alpha=1$ and $\beta=0$ in \eqref{P3-1.5}, \eqref{P3-1.6} and follow the procedure based on the inductive argument in \cite[Theorem 2.1]{Hpre}. We can construct sequences $\alpha_n$ and $\beta_n$ such that \eqref{P3-1.5} and \eqref{P3-1.6} hold with $\alpha=\alpha_n$ and $\beta=\beta_n$ for each $n \in \mathbb N$, and $\alpha_n \to d/2$ and $\beta_n \to (d/2)(1-\varepsilon)/(1+\varepsilon)$ for any $\varepsilon>0$ as $n \to \infty$. This completes the proof.
\end{proof}
\section{Proof of Theorem \ref{T2.1}}\label{sec:main}
\subsection{A priori estimates}
In this part, we provide the a priori estimates for the global-in-time existence of classical solutions. Let $T>0$, $d \ge 3$, and $s \geq 2[d/2]+1$. Throughout this subsection, we assume that for a sufficiently small $\varepsilon_1>0$,
\[
\mathfrak{X}(s;T) := \sup_{0 \le t \le T}\left( \|\rho(\cdot,t)\|_{H^s}^2 + \|u(\cdot,t)\|_{H^{s+2}}^2 + \|v(\cdot,t)\|_{H^{s+1}}^2\right) \le \varepsilon_1^2 \ll 1.
\]
We denote by
\[
\mathfrak{X}_0(s) := \|\rho_0\|_{H^s}^2 + \|u_0\|_{H^{s+2}}^2 + \|v_0\|_{H^{s+1}}^2.
\]
Our main goal of this subsection is to prove the following uniform-in-time estimate.
\begin{proposition}\label{P3.2}
For $T>0$, suppose that $\varepsilon_1>0$ is sufficiently small satisfying
\[
\mathfrak{X}(s;T) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2 \le \varepsilon_1^2.
\]
Then, there exists a constant $C^*>0$ independent of $T$ such that
\[
\mathfrak{X}(s;T) \le C^*\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right).
\]
\end{proposition}
We provide uniform-in-time estimates in the following order:
\begin{enumerate}
\item[(i)] $L^\infty(0,T;L^2(\mathbb R^d))$ estimate of $u$ (Lemma \ref{L3.2}).
\vspace{0.2cm}
\item[(ii)] $L^2(\mathbb R^d \times (0,T))$ estimate of $(1+t)^r\nabla^k u$ for $1 \le k\le s+1$ and $r \in (0,3/4)$ (Lemma \ref{L3.3}).
\vspace{0.2cm}
\item[(iii)] $L^\infty(0,T;L^2(\mathbb R^d))$ estimate of $(1+t)^r\nabla^k v$ and $L^2(\mathbb R^d \times (0,T))$ estimate of $(1+t)^ | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.149852 | 2.372994 | -1.33673 | 0.216041 |
r \nabla^{k+1} v$ for $1 \le k\le s$ and $r \in (0,3/4)$ (Lemma \ref{L3.4}).
\vspace{0.2cm}
\item[(iv)] $L^\infty(0,T;L^2(\mathbb R^d))$ estimates of $\nabla^{s+1} v$ and $\nabla^{s+2} u$ (Lemmas \ref{L3.5} and \ref{L3.6}).
\vspace{0.2cm}
\item[(v)] $L^\infty(0,T;H^s(\mathbb R^d))$ estimates of $\rho$ (Lemma \ref{C3.3}).
\end{enumerate}
We proceed to the first step.
\begin{lemma}\label{L3.2}
There exists a constant $C>0$ independent of $T$ such that
\[
\|u(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 + \int_0^t \|u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau \le C\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right).
\]
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Direct computation gives
\[
\begin{aligned}
\frac12 \frac{d}{dt}\|u\|_{L^2}^2 + \|u\|_{L^2}^2 &= \frac12 \int_{\R^d} (\nabla \cdot u)|u|^2\,dx + \int_{\R^d} u \cdot v\,dx\\
&\le C\|\nabla u\|_{L^\infty}\|u\|_{L^2}^2 + \|u\|_{L^2}\|v\|_{L^2}\\
&\le \left(\frac14 +C\|\nabla u\|_{L^\infty}\right)\|u\|_{L^2}^2 + \|v\|_{L^2}^2\\
&\le \left(\frac14 +C\varepsilon_1\right)\|u\|_{L^2}^2 + \|v\|_{L^2}^2.
\end{aligned}
\]
We then choese $\varepsilon_1$ sufficiently small so that $1/4 + C\varepsilon_1 < \frac12$ to get
\[
\|u(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 + \int_0^t \|u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2 \,d\tau\le \|u_0\|_{L^2}^2 + 2\int_0^t \|v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau.
\]
On the other hand, Proposition \ref{P3.1} with the choice $\alpha>1$ implies
\[
\int_0^t \|v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau \le C(E(0)+\|v_0\|_{L^1}^2) \int_0^t (1+\tau)^{-\alpha}\,d\tau \le C(E(0)+\|v_0\|_{L^1}^2).
\]
This together with the fact $E(0) \le C\mathfrak{X}_0(s)$ concludes the desired result.
\end{proof}
\begin{lemma}\label{L3.3}
For $r \in (0,3/4)$ and $1\le k \le s+1$, there exists a constant $C>0$ independent of $T$ such that
\[
\|(1+t)^r \nabla^k u(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 + \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^k u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau \le C\left(\|\nabla^k u_0\|_{L^2}^2+ \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^k v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau\right).
\]
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
From the momentum equation in the pressureless Euler equation in \eqref{A-1}, we can get
\[
\partial_t \left((1+t)^r \nabla^k u\right) + (1+t)^r \nabla^k (u \cdot \nabla u) = (1+t)^r \ | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.145819 | 2.279554 | -0.997811 | 0.448779 |
nabla^k (v-u) + r(1+t)^{r-1} \nabla^k u.
\]
With $r+1/8 \in (1/8, 7/8)$ in mind, we use Young's inequality to obtain
$$\begin{aligned}
&\frac12\frac{d}{dt}\|(1+t)^r \nabla^k u\|_{L^2}^2 \cr
&\quad = -(1+t)^{2r}\int_{\R^d} \left(u \cdot \nabla (\nabla^k u)\right) \nabla^k u\,dx - (1+t)^{2r}\int_{\R^d} \left(\nabla^k (u \cdot \nabla u) - u \cdot \nabla (\nabla^k u)\right) \nabla^k u\,dx\\
&\qquad -(1+t)^{2r}\|\nabla^k u\|_{L^2}^2 + (1+t)^{2r} \int_{\R^d} \nabla^k u \nabla^k v\,dx + r(1+t)^{2r-1}\|\nabla^k u\|_{L^2}^2\\
&\quad \le C\|\nabla u\|_{L^\infty}\|(1+t)^r \nabla^k u\|_{L^2}^2 -(1+t)^{2r}\|\nabla^k u\|_{L^2}^2 + (7/8-r)(1+t)^{2r}\|\nabla^k u\|_{L^2}^2\\
&\qquad + C\|(1+t)^r \nabla^k v\|_{L^2}^2 + r(1+t)^{2r-1}\|\nabla^k u\|_{L^2}^2\\
&\quad\le C\|\nabla u\|_{L^\infty}\|(1+t)^r \nabla^k u\|_{L^2}^2 - \left(\frac{(r+1/8)(1+t) -r}{1+t}\right)\|(1+t)^r\nabla^k u\|_{L^2}^2 + C\|(1+t)^r \nabla^k v\|_{L^2}^2\\
&\quad\le -(1/8 - C\varepsilon_1)\|(1+t)^r \nabla^k u\|_{L^2}^2+ C\|(1+t)^r \nabla^k v\|_{L^2}^2,
\end{aligned}$$
where $C>0$ is independent of $T$. Here, we can choose $\varepsilon_1$ sufficiently small so that $1/8 - C\varepsilon_1 >1/16$. Thus, we integrate the previous relation with respect to $t$ to get the desired result.
\end{proof}
Next, we get the uniform-in-time estimate for $v$.
\begin{lemma}\label{L3.4}
For $r \in (0,3/4)$ and $1\le k \le s$, there exists a constant $C>0$ independent of $T$ such that
\[
\begin{aligned}
\|(&1+t)^r \nabla^k v(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 + \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^{k+1} v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau \\
& \le \|\nabla^k v_0\|_{L^2}^2 + C\sum_{\ell=1}^k \left(\int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^\ell u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau + \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^\ell v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau\right).
\end{aligned}
\]
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
We deduce from the Navier--Stokes equations in \eqref{A-1} that
\begin{align*}
\frac12&\frac{d}{dt}\|(1+t)^r \nabla^k v\|_{L^2}^2 + \|(1+t)^r \nabla^{k+1}v\|_{L^2}^2\\
&= -(1+t)^{2r} \int_{\R^d} \left(\nabla^k (v \cdot \nabla v) - v \cdot \nabla (\nabla^k v)\right) \nabla^k v\,dx +r(1+t)^{2r | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.021641 | 2.227642 | -1.322384 | 0.1275 |
-1}\|\nabla^k v\|_{L^2}^2\\
&\quad - (1+t)^{2r}\int_{\R^d} \nabla^{k-1}(\rho(u-v)) \nabla^{k+1} v\,dx\\
&\le C\|\nabla v\|_{L^\infty} \|(1+t)^r \nabla^k v\|_{L^2}^2 + \frac{r}{1+t}\|(1+t)^r \nabla^k v\|_{L^2}^2\\
&\quad + C(1+t)^{2r} \sum_{0 \leq \ell \leq k-1} \int_{\R^d} |\nabla^{k-1-\ell} \rho| |\nabla^\ell (u-v)| |\nabla^{k+1}v|\,dx.
\end{align*}
On the other hand, we estimate
$$\begin{aligned}
&\left(\int_{\R^d} |\nabla^{k-1-\ell} \rho|^2 |\nabla^\ell (u-v)|^2\,dx \right)^{1/2} \cr
&\quad \leq \left\{ \begin{array}{ll}
\|\nabla^{k-1-\ell} \rho\|_{L^\infty}\|\nabla^\ell (u-v)\|_{L^2} & \textrm{for $|k-1-\ell| \leq [d/2]$,}\\
\|\nabla^{k-1-\ell} \rho\|_{L^2}\|\nabla^\ell (u-v)\|_{L^\infty} & \textrm{for $|k-1-\ell| \geq [d/2] + 1$}.
\end{array} \right.
\end{aligned}$$
This together with applying Lemma \ref{lem_moser} (ii) gives
$$\begin{aligned}
&C(1+t)^{2r} \sum_{0 \leq \ell \leq k-1} \int_{\R^d} |\nabla^{k-1-\ell} \rho| |\nabla^\ell (u-v)| |\nabla^{k+1}v|\,dx\cr
&\quad \leq C \sum_{1 \leq \ell \leq k} \|(1+t)^r\nabla^\ell (u-v)\|_{L^2}^2 + \frac12\|(1+t)^r\nabla^{k+1}v\|_{L^2}^2.
\end{aligned}$$
Hence we have
\[
\frac{d}{dt}\|(1+t)^r \nabla^k v\|_{L^2}^2 + \|(1+t)^r \nabla^{k+1}v\|_{L^2}^2 \le C\sum_{\ell=1}^k \left(\|(1+t)^r \nabla^\ell u\|_{L^2}^2 +\|(1+t)^r \nabla^\ell v\|_{L^2}^2\right),
\]
and our desired result directly follows from the above estimate.
\end{proof}
Then we combine two previous lemmas to yield the following uniform-in-time estimates.
\begin{corollary}\label{C3.1}
For $r \in (0,3/4)$, there exists a constant $C>0$ independent of $T$ such that
\[\begin{aligned}
&\|(1+t)^r \nabla u(\cdot,t)\|_{H^s}^2 + \|(1+t)^r \nabla v(\cdot,t)\|_{H^{s-1}}^2 \cr
&\quad + \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{H^s}^2\,d\tau + \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{H^s}^2\,d\tau\\
&\qquad \le C\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right).
\end{aligned}\]
\end{corollary}
\begin{proof}
We proceed by induction to show that
\begin{equation}\label{C3-1.0}
\begin{aligned}
&\|(1+t)^r \nabla u(\cdot,t)\|_{H^\ell}^2 + \|(1+t)^r \nabla v(\cdot,t)\|_{H^{\ell-1}}^2 \cr
&\quad + \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla u(\cdot | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.214722 | 2.507964 | -1.184306 | 0.319761 |
,\tau)\|_{H^\ell}^2\,d\tau+ \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{H^\ell}^2\,d\tau\\
&\qquad \le C\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right)
\end{aligned}\end{equation}
for $1 \le \ell \le s$, where $C>0$ is independent of $T$. Let us first show that \eqref{C3-1.0} holds with $\ell=1$. It follows from Proposition \ref{P3.1} that
\begin{equation}\label{C3-1.1}
\int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau \le C\left(E(0)+\|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right) \le C\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right).
\end{equation}
Then we combine \eqref{C3-1.1} with Lemma \ref{L3.3} with $k=1$ to obtain
\begin{equation}\label{C3-1.2}
\begin{aligned}
\|(1+t)^r \nabla u(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 + \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau
&\le C\left(\|\nabla u_0\|_{L^2}^2+ \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau\right)\\
&\le C\left( \mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right).
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
As a consequence, we apply \eqref{C3-1.1} and \eqref{C3-1.2} to Lemma \ref{L3.4} with $k=1$ to yield
\begin{equation}\label{C3-1.3}\begin{aligned}
\|(&1+t)^r \nabla v(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 + \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^2 v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau \\
& \le \|\nabla v_0\|_{L^2}^2 + C \left(\int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau + \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau\right)\\
&\le C\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right).
\end{aligned}\end{equation}
This again leads to
\begin{equation}\label{C3-1.4}
\begin{aligned}
&\|(1+t)^r \nabla^2 u(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 + \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^2 u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau \cr
&\quad \le C\left(\|\nabla^2 u_0\|_{L^2}^2+ \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^2 v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau\right)\cr
&\quad \le C\left( \mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right)
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
due to Lemma \ref{L3.3} with $k=2$.
Hence, we combine \eqref{C3-1.1}-\eqref{C3-1.4} to assert that \eqref{C3-1.0} holds when $\ell=1$.\\
\noindent Now, we assume that \eqref{C3-1.0} holds for some $s>\ell =m\ge1$. Then, Lemma \ref{L3.4} with $k=m+1 \leq s$ gives
\begin{equation}\label{C3-1.5 | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.235779 | 2.393759 | -1.487361 | 0.150268 |
}
\begin{aligned}
\|(&1+t)^r \nabla^{m+1} v(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 + \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^{m+2} v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau \\
& \le \|\nabla^{m+1} v_0\|_{L^2}^2 + C\sum_{\ell=1}^{m+1} \left(\int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^\ell u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau + \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^\ell v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau\right)\\
&\le C\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right).
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
Next, we apply \eqref{C3-1.5} to Lemma \ref{L3.3} with $k=m+2 \leq s+1$ to obtain
\begin{equation}\label{C3-1.6}
\begin{aligned}
\|&(1+t)^r \nabla^{m+2} u(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 + \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^{m+2} u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau\\
& \le C\left(\|\nabla^{m+2} u_0\|_{L^2}^2+ \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^{m+2} v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau\right)\\
&\le C\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right).
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
Thus, we combine \eqref{C3-1.5} and \eqref{C3-1.6} with the induction hypothesis to assert that \eqref{C3-1.0} holds when $\ell=m+1 \leq s$. This completes the inductive argument and gives the desired result.
\end{proof}
In the following two lemmas, we provide the estimates for $v$ and $u$ in $L^\infty(0,T;\dot H^{s+1}(\mathbb R^d)) \cap L^2(0,T;\dot H^{s+2}(\mathbb R^d))$ and $L^\infty(0,T;\dot H^{s+2}(\mathbb R^d)) \cap L^2(0,T;\dot H^{s+2}(\mathbb R^d))$, respectively, which are uniform in $T$.
\begin{lemma}\label{L3.5}
There exists a constant $C>0$ independent of $T$ such that
\[
\|\nabla^{s+1} v(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 + \int_0^t \|\nabla^{s+2} v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau \le C\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right).
\]
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Straightforward computation yields
\[\begin{aligned}
\frac12&\frac{d}{dt}\|\nabla^{s+1} v\|_{L^2}^2 + \|\nabla^{s+2} v\|_{L^2}^2 \\
&= -\int_{\R^d} \left(\nabla^{s+1} (v\cdot \nabla v) - v \cdot \nabla(\nabla^{s+1} v)\right) \nabla^{s+1} v\,dx -\int_{\R^d} \nabla^s (\rho(u-v))\nabla^{s+2} v\,dx\\
&\le C\|\nabla v\|_{L^\infty} \|\nabla^{s+1} v\|_{L^2}^2 + \|\nabla^s (\rho(u-v)\|_{L^2}\|\nabla^{s+2} v\|_{L^2}\\
&\le C \|\nabla^{s+1} v\|_{L^2}^2 + C\|\nabla^{s+2} v\|_{L^2} \left( \|\rho\|_{L^\infty}\|\nabla^s | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.072076 | 1.999232 | -1.376181 | 0.307112 |
(u-v)\|_{L^2} + \|\nabla^s \rho\|_{L^2}\|u-v\|_{L^\infty}\right)\\
&\le C\|\nabla^{s+1} v\|_{L^2}^2 + \frac12\|\nabla^{s+2} v\|_{L^2}^2 + C\left(\|u\|_{H^s}^2 + \|v\|_{H^s}^2\right),
\end{aligned}\]
where we used Sobolev inequality and Young's inequality. Thus, we integrate the above relation with respect to $t$ and use Proposition \ref{P3.1}, Lemma \ref{L3.2} and Corollary \ref{C3.1} to get
\[\begin{aligned}
\|&\nabla^{s+1} v(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 + \int_0^t \|\nabla^{s+2} v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau\\
&\le \|\nabla^{s+1} v_0\|_{L^2}^2 + C\int_0^t \|\nabla^{s+1} v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau + C\int_0^t\left( \|v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2 + \|u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\right) \,d\tau\\
&\quad + C\int_0^t \|\nabla v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{H^{s-1}}^2\,d\tau + C\int_0^t \|\nabla u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{H^{s-1}}^2\,d\tau\\
&\le C\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right) + C\int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^{1/2}\nabla v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{H^{s-1}}^2\,d\tau + C\int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^{1/2}\nabla u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{H^{s-1}}^2\,d\tau\\
&\le C\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right),
\end{aligned}\]
which implies the desired estimate.
\end{proof}
\begin{lemma}\label{L3.6}
There exists a constant $C>0$ independent of $T$ such that
\[
\|\nabla^{s+2} u(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 + \int_0^t \|\nabla^{s+2} u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau \le C(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2).
\]
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Directly from the momentum equation in the Euler part of \eqref{A-1}, we obtain
\[\begin{aligned}
\frac12\frac{d}{dt}\|\nabla^{s+2} u\|_{L^2}^2 &= -\int_{\R^d} \left(u \cdot \nabla (\nabla^{s+2} u)\right) \nabla^{s+2} u \,dx -\int_{\R^d} \left(\nabla^{s+2} (u\cdot \nabla u) - u \cdot \nabla(\nabla^{s+2} u)\right) \nabla^{s+2} u\,dx\\
&\quad-\int_{\R^d} \nabla^{s+2} (u-v) \nabla^{s+2} u\,dx\\
&\le C\|\nabla u\|_{L^\infty}\|\nabla^{s+2} u\|_{L^2}^2 -\frac12\|\nabla^{s+2} u\|_{L^2}^2 + \|\nabla^{s+2} v\|_{L^2}^2\\
&\le -\left(\frac12-C\varepsilon_1\right) \|\nabla^{s+2} u\|_{L^2}^2 + \|\nabla^{s+2} v\|_{L^2}^2,
\end{aligned}\]
where $C$ is independent of $T$. Since $\varepsilon_1$ is sufficiently small, we can choose $1/2-C\varepsilon_1 >1/4$. Thus, we use Corollary \ref{C3.1} to get
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | -0.016228 | 2.201687 | -1.50888 | 0.036429 |
&\|\nabla^{s+2} u(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 +\int_0^t \|\nabla^{s+2} u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau \cr
&\quad \le \|\nabla^{s+2} u_0\|_{L^2}^2 + C\int_0^t \|\nabla^{s+2} v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau \le C\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right).
\end{aligned}$$
This concludes the desired result.
\end{proof}
We now estimate the fluid density $\rho$. We first show the uniform-in-time estimate on the upper bound for $\rho$, and then present the lower bound estimate. In particular, the lower bound estimate implies that the vacuum state cannot occur.
\begin{lemma}\label{C3.3}
There exists a constant $C>0$ independent of $T$ such that
\[
\|\rho(\cdot,t)\|_{H^s} \le \|\rho_0\|_{H^s} \exp\left( C\left(\sqrt{\mathfrak{X}_0(s)} + \|v_0\|_{L^1}\right)\right).
\]
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
We first start with the $L^2$-estimate of $\rho$. Straightforward computation gives
\[
\frac12\frac{d}{dt}\|\rho\|_{L^2}^2 = -\int_{\R^d}\nabla\cdot (\rho u) \rho\,dx =\frac12 \int_{\R^d} u \cdot \nabla|\rho|^2\,dx \le \frac12\|\nabla\cdot u\|_{L^\infty}\|\rho\|_{L^2}^2.
\]
For $ 1\le k \le s$, we use Lemma \ref{lem_moser} to obtain
\begin{align*}
\frac12\frac{d}{dt}\|\nabla^k \rho\|_{L^2}^2 &= -\int_{\R^d} \nabla(\nabla^k \rho)\cdot u \ \nabla^k\rho\,dx -\int_{\R^d} \left(\nabla^k (\nabla \rho \cdot u ) - \nabla (\nabla^k \rho)\cdot u)\right)\nabla^k\rho\,dx\\
&\quad -\int_{\R^d} \rho \nabla^k (\nabla \cdot u) \nabla^k\rho\,dx -\int_{\R^d} \left(\nabla^k(\rho \nabla \cdot u) -\rho\nabla^k(\nabla\cdot u)\right)\nabla^k \rho\,dx\\
&\le \frac12\|\nabla u\|_{L^\infty}\|\nabla^k \rho\|_{L^2}^2 + C\|\nabla^k (\nabla \rho \cdot u ) - \nabla (\nabla^k \rho)\cdot u)\|_{L^2}\|\nabla^k \rho\|_{L^2}\cr
&\quad + \|\rho\|_{L^\infty}\|\nabla^{k+1} u\|_{L^2}\|\nabla^k \rho\|_{L^2} + C\|\nabla^k(\rho \nabla \cdot u) -\rho\nabla^k(\nabla\cdot u)\|_{L^2}\|\nabla^k \rho\|_{L^2}\cr
&\leq C\|\nabla u\|_{L^\infty}\|\nabla^k \rho\|_{L^2}^2 + C\|\nabla \rho\|_{L^\infty}\|\nabla^k u\|_{L^2}\|\nabla^k \rho\|_{L^2}+ \|\rho\|_{L^\infty}\|\nabla^{k+1} u\|_{L^2}\|\nabla^k \rho\|_{L^2}\cr
&\le C\|\nabla u\|_{H^s}\|\rho\|_{H^s}^2,
\end{align*}
where $C$ is independent of $T$ and we used
\[
\|\rho\|_{W^{1,\infty}} \lesssim \|\rho\|_{H^{[d/2]+2}} \lesssim \|\rho\|_{H^{s - ([d/2] -1)}} \lesssim \|\rho\|_{H^s}
\]
due to Lemma \ref{lem_moser} (ii).
Now, we gather all the results to yield
\[
\frac{d}{dt}\|\rho\|_{H^s}^2 | [
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998,
29895,
29974,
29896,
29913,
318,
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29931,
29985,
29906,
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29931,
29985,
29906,
29913,
718,
315,
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320,
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320,
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318,
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29906,
1012,
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320,
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13,
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315,
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318,
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29906
] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.675943 | 2.591022 | -1.028296 | 0.592975 |
\le C\|\nabla u\|_{H^s}\|\rho\|_{H^s}^2,
\]
where $C$ is independent of $T$. We use Gr\"onwall's lemma and Corollary \ref{C3.1} to obtain, for some $\alpha \in (1/2,3/4)$,
\[\begin{aligned}
\|\rho(\cdot,t)\|_{H^s} &\le \|\rho_0\|_{H^s}\exp\left( C\int_0^t \|\nabla u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{H^s}\,d\tau\right)\\
&\le \|\rho_0\|_{H^s}\exp\left(C \left(\int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^\alpha \nabla u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{H^s}^2\,d\tau\right)^{1/2} \left(\int_0^t (1+\tau)^{-2\alpha}\,d\tau\right)^{1/2}\right)\\
&\le \|\rho_0\|_{H^s} \exp\left( C\left(\sqrt{\mathfrak{X}_0(s)} + \|v_0\|_{L^1}\right)\right),
\end{aligned}\]
which gives the desired result.
\end{proof}
For the lower bound estimate of $\rho$, we define a backward characteristic flow $\eta = \eta(x,t)$ by
\[
\partial_s \eta(x,t) = u(\eta(x,s),s) \quad \mbox{with} \quad \eta(x,t) = x.
\]
Note that $\eta$ is well-defined due to the strong regularity on $u$.
\begin{lemma} There exists a constant $C>0$ independent of $T$ such that
\[
\rho(x,t) \geq \rho_0(\eta(x,0))\exp\left(-C\left(\sqrt{\mathfrak{X}_0(s)} + \|v_0\|_{L^1}\right) \right) > 0.
\]
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}It follows from the continuity equation in \eqref{A-1} that
\[
\partial_s \rho(\eta(x,s),s) = -(\nabla \cdot u)(\eta(x,s),s)\rho(\eta(x,s),s),
\]
and this gives
\[
\rho(x,t) = \rho_0(\eta(x,0))\exp\left( -\int_0^t(\nabla \cdot u)(\eta(x,\tau),\tau) \,d\tau\right).
\]
On the other hand, similarly as in the proof of Lemma \ref{C3.3}, we estimate
\[
\left|\int_0^t(\nabla \cdot u)(\eta(x,\tau),\tau) \,d\tau\right| \leq \int_0^t \|\nabla u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^\infty}\,d\tau \leq C\int_0^t \|\nabla u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{H^s}\,d\tau \leq C\left(\sqrt{\mathfrak{X}_0(s)} + \|v_0\|_{L^1}\right).
\]
Hence we have
\[
\rho(x,t) \geq \rho_0(\eta(x,0))\exp\left(-C\left(\sqrt{\mathfrak{X}_0(s)} + \|v_0\|_{L^1}\right) \right),
\]
where $C>0$ is independent of $T$.
\end{proof}
Finally, we combine all the previous results to prove Proposition \ref{P3.2}
\begin{proof}[Proof of Proposition \ref{P3.2}]
Lemma \ref{C3.3} directly implies
\begin{equation}\label{P3-2.1}
\sup_{0\le t\le T} \|\rho(\cdot,t)\|_{H^s}^2 \le C\|\rho_0\|_{H^s}^2 \le C\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right).
\end{equation}
Next, Lemma \ref{L3.2}, Corollary \ref{C3.1}, and Lemma \ref{L3.5} yield
\begin{equation}\label{P3-2.2}
\begin{aligned}
| [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.310499 | 2.248407 | -1.356456 | 0.388064 |
\sup_{0\le t \le T} \|u(\cdot,t)\|_{H^{s+2}}^2 &\le \sup_{0\le t \le T}\left( \|u(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 + \|\nabla^{s+2} u(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 + \|\nabla u(\cdot,t)\|_{H^s}^2\right)\\
&\le \sup_{0\le t \le T}\left( \|u(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 + \|\nabla^{s+2} u(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 + \|(1+t)^{1/2}\nabla u(\cdot,t)\|_{H^s}^2\right)\\
&\le C\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right).
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
Similarly, we use Proposition \ref{P3.1}, Lemma \ref{L3.6}, and Corollary \ref{C3.1} to get
\begin{equation}\label{P3-2.3}
\sup_{0\le t\le T} \|v(\cdot,t)\|_{H^{s+1}}^2 \le C\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right).
\end{equation}
Thus, we collect \eqref{P3-2.1}, \eqref{P3-2.2} and \eqref{P3-2.3} to conclude the desired result.
\end{proof}
Now, we proceed to the proof of Theorem \ref{T2.1} in the following two subsections.
\subsection{Global-in-time existence of classical solutions} Let us first take into account the global-in-time existence part in Theorem \ref{T2.1}. We choose a positive constant $\varepsilon_1\ll1$ sufficiently small so that it satisfies the required smallness condition in Lemma \ref{L3.2} and Lemma \ref{L3.3}. Then, assume that
\[
\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2 \le \frac{\varepsilon_1^2}{2(1+C^*)},
\]
where $C^* > 0$ appeared in Proposition \ref{P3.2}. Then we set
\[
\mathcal{S} := \left\{ T\ge 0 \ | \ \mathfrak{X}(s;T) <\varepsilon_1^2\right\}.
\]
By the local-in-time existence theorem in Theorem \ref{thm_local}, the set $\mathcal{S}$ is non-empty. Now, we argue by contradiction to show $\sup\mathcal{S} = \infty$. Assume that $T^*:= \sup\mathcal{S} <\infty$. Then we have
\[
\varepsilon_1^2 = \lim_{t \to T*-}\mathfrak{X}(s;t) \le C^*\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right)\le \frac{C^*}{2(1+C^*)}\varepsilon_1^2 \le \frac{\varepsilon_1^2}{2},
\]
which leads to a contradiction. This implies $T^* = \infty$, and hence the classical solution obtained in Theorem \ref{thm_local} globally exists.
\subsection{Large-time behavior of solutions} In this part, we provide the details on the large-time behavior estimate in Theorem \ref{T2.1}. We separately consider zeroth-order and higher-order estimates as follows.\\
\noindent $\diamond$ (Zeroth-order estimates) Since we now have $\|\rho\|_{L^\infty(\mathbb R^d \times \mathbb R_+)} <\infty$, we can repeat the procedure in Proposition \ref{P3.1} so that the relation \eqref{large_time} actually holds for all $t\ge 0$. Thus we obtain
\[
\int_{\R^d} \rho|u|^2(x,t)\,dx + \int_{\R^d} |v(x,t)|^2\,dx \le \frac{C}{(1+t)^\alpha} \quad \forall\, t \ge 0
\]
for every $\alpha \in (0,d/2)$. For the | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.271101 | 2.279554 | -1.315211 | 0.294464 |
$L^2$-norm of $u$, we use the above decay estimate and Lemma \ref{L3.2} to find
\[
\frac{d}{dt}\|u\|_{L^2}^2 + \|u\|_{L^2}^2 \le 2\|v\|_{L^2}^2 \le \frac{C}{(1+t)^\alpha}.
\]
Then applying the Gr\"onwall's lemma gives
\[
\|u(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 \leq \|u_0\|_{L^2}^2e^{-t} + Ce^{-t} \int_0^t \frac{e^s}{(1+s)^\alpha}\,ds.
\]
On the other hand, we estimate
$$\begin{aligned}
\int_0^t \frac{e^s}{(1+s)^\alpha}\,ds &= \int_0^{t/2} \frac{e^s}{(1+s)^\alpha}\,ds + \int_{t/2}^t \frac{e^s}{(1+s)^\alpha}\,ds\cr
&\leq \int_0^{t/2} e^s\,ds + \frac{1}{(1 + t/2)^\alpha}\int_{t/2}^t e^s\,ds\cr
&=e^{t/2} - 1 + \frac{e^t - e^{t/2}}{(1 + t/2)^\alpha}.
\end{aligned}$$
Thus we have
$$\begin{aligned}
\|u(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 &\leq \|u_0\|_{L^2}^2e^{-t} + C\left(e^{-t/2} - e^{-t} \right) + C\frac{1 - e^{-t/2}}{(1 + t/2)^\alpha} \leq \frac{C}{(1+t)^\alpha} \quad \forall\,t \geq 0
\end{aligned}$$
for some $C>0$ independent of $t$. \newline
\noindent $\diamond$ (Higher-order estimates) If $d=3$, then Corollary \ref{C3.1} directly implies
\[
\|\nabla u(\cdot,t)\|_{H^s}^2 + \|v(\cdot,t)\|_{H^s}^2 \le \frac{C}{(1+t)^\alpha} \quad \forall \, t \ge 0
\]
for $\alpha \in (0,3/2)$. On the other hand, if $d \ge 4$, it is required to reinvestigate the arguments in Lemma \ref{L3.3}. In this case, we choose $r \in (0,d/4)$ and follow the argument in the proof of Lemma \ref{L3.3} to deduce
\begin{align*}
&\frac12\frac{d}{dt}\|(1+t)^r \nabla^k u\|_{L^2}^2 \cr
&\quad \le -(1-C\varepsilon_1) \|(1+t)^r \nabla^k u\|_{L^2}^2 + \|(1+t)^r \nabla^k u\|_{L^2} \|(1+t)^r \nabla^k v\|_{L^2} + \frac{r}{1+t} \|(1+t)^r\nabla^k u\|_{L^2}^2
\end{align*}
for $1\le k \le s+1$. In order to control the last term on the right hand side of the above inequality, we need to consider a large time. More precisely, if $t \ge T_d:= d/3-1$, then we get
\[
\frac{r}{1+t} < \frac{d}{4(1+T_d)} = \frac34.
\]
This yields
\begin{align*}
\frac12\frac{d}{dt}\|(1+t)^r \nabla^k u\|_{L^2}^2 &\le -(1/4-C\varepsilon_1) \|(1+t)^r \nabla^k u\|_{L^2}^2 + \|(1+t)^r \nabla^k u\|_{L^2} \|(1+t)^r \nabla^k v\|_{L^2}\\
&\le -(1/8-C\varepsilon_1) \|(1+t)^r \nabla^k u\|_{L^2}^2 + 2 \|(1+t)^r \nabla | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.43888 | 2.466435 | -1.080299 | 0.505698 |
^k v\|_{L^2}^2\\
&\le -\frac{1}{16}\|(1+t)^r \nabla^k u\|_{L^2}^2 + 2 \|(1+t)^r \nabla^k v\|_{L^2}^2,
\end{align*}
where we used the smallness of solutions to have $1/8-C\varepsilon_1 > 1/16$. Thus, by integrating the above inequality over the time interval $[T_d,t]$, we obtain
\[
\begin{aligned}
\|&(1+t)^r \nabla^k u(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 + \int_{T_d}^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^k u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau \\
&\le \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^k u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\bigg|_{\tau = T_d} + C \int_{T_d}^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^k v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau\\
&\le C\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right)+ C \int_{T_d}^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^k v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau.
\end{aligned}
\]
Similarly, we can also derive the following inequality by using the argument in the proof of Lemma \ref{L3.4}:
\[
\begin{aligned}
\|&(1+t)^r \nabla^k v(\cdot,t)\|_{L^2}^2 + \int_{T_d}^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^{k+1} v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau \\
& \le \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^k v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2 \bigg|_{\tau = T_d}+ C\sum_{\ell=1}^k \left(\int_{T_d}^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^\ell u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau + \int_{T_d}^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla^\ell v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau\right)
\end{aligned}
\]
for $t \ge T_d$, $1\le k \le s$ and $r \in (0, d/4)$. On the other hand, Proposition \ref{P3.1} implies
\[
\int_{T_d}^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau \le \int_0^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{L^2}^2\,d\tau\le C\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right)
\]
for $t \ge T_d$ and $r \in (0,d/4)$. We finally proceed by induction as Corollary \ref{C3.1} to get
\[\begin{aligned}
&\|(1+t)^r \nabla u(\cdot,t)\|_{H^s}^2 + \|(1+t)^r \nabla v(\cdot,t)\|_{H^{s-1}}^2 \\
& \quad + \int_{T_d}^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla u(\cdot,\tau)\|_{H^s}^2\,d\tau + \int_{T_d}^t \|(1+\tau)^r \nabla v(\cdot,\tau)\|_{H^s}^2\,d\tau\\
& \qquad \le C\left(\mathfrak{X}_0(s) + \|v_0\|_{L^1}^2\right)
\end{aligned}\]
for $r \in (0,d/4)$ and $t \ge T_d$. For $t \leq T_d$, the solutions $(u,v)$ are bounded in $\mathcal C([0,T_d];H^{s+1}(\mathbb R^d)) \times \mathcal C([0,T_d];H^s(\mathbb R^d))$, thus we can find a constant $C$ depending on $T_ | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.111474 | 2.424906 | -1.383354 | 0.152797 |
What we call "Capitalism" actually encompasses something much grander and much broader. Wealth is not simply financial wealth and man is much greater than homo economus, a creature governed solely by economic factors. Except for neurotic personalities, like the fictional Midas or Scrooge, people work, invest and strive for success in the marketplace of all human interactions.
As Walker notes, in free-market, "capitalist" societies, non-neurotic people pursue many goals besides or other than accumulating money. Indeed, for the vast majority of folks, money is just a tool for pursuing other personal goals, of which the main one is rightly independence and security.
Good article. I, for one, will not adopt the new word, meritalism, but will cling to the original concept of capitalism. I have never suffered from the boxing in of the term to exclude the artists, religious, or philosophers. Entertain, enlighten, or stimulate thought in me, and you've sung for your supper.
I like Chesterton's observation, made in 1921 when was socialism all the rage among U.S. Hollyweird and D.C. eilite, was that it is not a case of there being too much capitalism, but rather too few capitalists.
ROLLING MEADOWS, Illinois, January 8, 2008 � The United States has lost critically needed capabilities to arm itself for future wars, the lead article in the January/February 2008 issue of MSCI�s Forward magazine reports.
What�s more, the magazine says, the Pentagon lacks the information necessary to know whether important weapons components now rely on foreign-sourced parts or materials. The military procurement system doesn�t require lower-tier contractors to report their use of foreign-sourced parts and materials, and the Defense Department isn�t interested in pursuing the question.
I don't believe the 'new' Forward Magazine knows what the Pentagon knows. Gee, "...and the Defense Department isn't interested in pursuing the question." d'oh. Let's just have a nap then.
Meta dear ... This is the "new journalism" where you don't have to source your quotes, but just make didactic statements. A lot easier -- but sloppier and definitely deceptive.
Actually, "Forward" is a rather bland, "backward" thinking (by "progressive" standards) industry rag that has the audacity to look out for the best interests of American manufacturers with specialization in metals services. I think by using "new" they meant the most recent issue.
Sorry for the confusion, but I think the problem is real, and I do not trust the incoming administration and their supporting unions to address the matter.
It actually makes sense - the difficulty of tracking everything. What I don't buy is that we are bereft of the means to protect ourselves because of this. Someone is making the orders and seeing they are filled, and if what they need is not coming in, they will find another source. What about Boeing and Raytheon? Private companies employed by the Pentagon. I doubt they have the problem.
It does explain, partly, why it takes so long to build anything like a big ship. ... Four years late and millions more in cost, etc.
I rarely use Capitalism when I can substitute the term "Marketplace". Capitalism is a tool of the marketplace - that is the ownership and trading of capital within a market situation, thereby affording greater liquidity and properly spreading economic information throughout the Market itself.
Capitalism is an ideal (as is the "Free Market"), which is unlikely to ever be achieved. But it's a terrific ideal, far better than any of the alternatives.
Sadly, like anything else, politics gets its ugly fingers into the Capitalism pie and spoils everything. EVERYTHING, from the micro level (how many politically motivated bosses have you had? I've had plenty) to the macro level (absurd use of public funds to "bailout" and "prop up" dead industries that have lavished greedy and useless politicians with perks over the years).
I'll stick to discussing the Market - because the Market is real, accurate, and precise. Whether it is the market for stocks, for money, for food, or for ideas...the Market is real and always with us EVEN WHEN THE GOVERNMENT OUTLAWS IT (black mark | [
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You are here: Home ∼ 2016 ∼ A Not-So-Grim Hour of Grimm
A Not-So-Grim Hour of Grimm
Nancy Northcott September 5, 2016 @ 10:45 AM
Photo by Dave Nelson
On Saturday at 5:30PM, Reggie Lee, Jacqueline Toboni, Sasha Roiz, Bitsie Tulloch, and David Giuntoli of Grimm joined their fans for a rollicking hour of questions and answers. The actors entered the Sheraton's Grand Ballroom to roars and applause from the audience.
Moderator Marc Lee started things off by asking how the show came to be on the air. Giuntoli said it was the idea of Todd Milliner, who was looking for something that was in the public domain and thus free. He hit upon the Grimm fairy tales. Giuntoli received the script during pilot season, which he described as a depressing time of year. He noted that projects that are different stand out, and Grimm did. He agreed to do it, hoping it would catch on, and it did. Tulloch added that they shot the pilot at the end of March and found out in mid-May that the show was picked up.
A member of the audience wanted to know what would've happened had Lee's character, Sgt. Wu, not learned the supernatural truth about what was happening around him. Tulloch said, "Remember when he was in the asylum? More of that." As the audience laughed, Lee added that Wu would have come out of the asylum and stalked Nick and Hank. He added that one of his favorite scenes was the one in the asylum he played with Tulloch.
A questioner asked Lee, whose character he described as the audience's eyes, how he thought Wu felt when he learned what was really going on. Lee said he was warned that he would have to work more days, something he didn't believe until he worked eight out of eight days on the first episode after the revelation. "I don't want the David Giuntoli schedule," he said. He thought Wu had been well developed over four or five seasons because of everything that happened to him. "That might change in season six," he said but added that he couldn't reveal more.
The moderator asked the cast how they felt about the way Grimm had developed. Tulloch said they were all very proud of the show, as well as grateful. They shot 22 episodes per season, until now. The sixth and final season will be 13 episodes. Lee said the cancellation announcement had given them some perspective on the show, allowing them to look back organically.
Roiz described knowing about the cancellation in advance as fortunate. It allowed them to finish with a great story. He added that Giuntoli directed the sixth season's first episode. Giuntoli said that the season had been fun so far, focusing on the core cast.
When asked which Wesen the actors would be if they could pick, they listed various choices. Roiz said he's happy as the Wesen he already was. Tulloch said she once would've picked the sabertooth tiger from the second season, but then her Eve character appeared. She said she worked out and pumped iron preparing for that role. Giuntoli answered that he didn't think he would make a good Wesen but if he were one, it would be one of the anxious species, like Bud, who is a beaver. Toboni responded that she used to say a Lebensauger, but now, "if you don't say Eve, you're an idiot," though a powerful witch would be a good choice.
A fan asked Giuntoli what Nick's mother had done with the three coins. Giuntoli noted that there had been a lot of storylines on Grimm, some with long lives. "She took them to Greece," he decided. Looking at Roiz, he said, "So they're in Greece. Are they not?" Roiz responded that he had no idea, and the questioner said he had just learned the question was answered in the comic book, not on the show. Giuntoli allowed that he needed to become more familiar with the comic books.
After congratulating Tulloch and Giuntoli on their engagement, to applause from the audience, another questioner asked whether there was any chance of a movie after the show and, if so, whether the actors would want to be in it. Tulloch emphasized that the series' end was not | [
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Annelies Marie Frank, coneguda com a Anne Frank (Frankfurt del Main, Alemanya, 12 de juny de 1929 - Bergen-Belsen, Alemanya, febrer o març de 1945), fou una adolescent alemanya jueva nascuda a Frankfurt del Main a Alemanya. És autora dEl diari d'Anne Frank, un diari escrit mentre s'amagava amb la seva família i quatre amics, durant l'ocupació alemanya d'Amsterdam a la Segona Guerra Mundial.
Amb l'arribada al poder d'Adolf Hitler, el mes de gener de 1933, la família marxà de Frankfurt a Amsterdam amb la intenció d'escapar de les persecucions nazis. Amb la invasió nazi dels Països Baixos, les persecucions contra els jueus s'intensificaren i la seva família s'amagà, el juliol de 1942, en una cambra secreta condicionada, a la part del darrere, de l'empresa Opekta, d'Otto Frank, el seu pare. En el moment d'amagar-se, Anne tenia tretze anys. Després de dos anys a la casa del darrere, el grup fou traït i deportat als camps d'extermini nazis. Set mesos després de la seva detenció i alguns dies després de la defunció de la seva germana Margot, Anne moria del tifus al camp de Bergen-Belsen. En acabar la guerra, el seu pare, Otto, l'únic supervivent del grup, tornà a Amsterdam i descobrí que el diari d'Anne no havia desaparegut. Convençut del caràcter únic de l'obra de la seva filla, decidí publicar-la. Originalment, sortí amb el títol Het Achterhuis: Dagboekbrieven van 12 Juni 1942-1 Augustus 1944 (La casa del darrere: notes del diari del 12 juny de 1942 al 1r d'agost de 1944).
El diari l'hi van regalar a Anne pel seu tretzè aniversari i relata la seva visió dels esdeveniments en aquestes dates: del 12 de juny de 1942 fins al 1r d'agost de 1944. Ha estat traduït del neerlandès a nombroses llengües i ha esdevingut un dels llibres més llegits al món. Diverses pel·lícules, telefilms, obres teatrals i òperes s'han basat en aquesta obra. Descrit com el treball d'un esperit madur i perspicaç, ofereix un punt de vista íntim i particular sobre la vida quotidiana durant l'ocupació alemanya. Gràcies als seus escrits, Anne Frank esdevingué una de les víctimes més cèlebres de l'Holocaust.
Biografia
Infantesa
Anne Frank va néixer el 12 de juny de 1929 a Frankfurt del Main, Alemanya. Era la segona filla d'Otto Heinrich Frank i d'Edith Holländer. Tingué una germana, Margot. El seu nom de naixement era Annelies Marie''', però per la seva família i els seus amics era simplement "Anne". El seu pare li deia a vegades "Annelein" ("petita Anna").
La família visqué en una comunitat mixta de ciutadans jueus i no jueus i les nenes cresqueren amb amics de confessió catòlica, protestant i jueva. Els Frank eren jueus alemanys reformistes: practicaven moltes de les tradicions de la fe jueva, però sense observar el conjunt dels costums. De la família, Edith era la més aplicada en la pràctica de la religió. Otto Frank, antic oficial alemany condecorat durant la Primera Guerra Mundial, volia continuar els seus estudis i posseïa una important biblioteca. Els pares es preocuparen de desenvolupar i don | [
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ar suport a les lectures de les seves filles.
El mes de març de 1933 se celebraren les eleccions per renovar el consell municipal de Frankfurt que permeteren que el partit nazi d'Adolf Hitler prengués el poder. Amb aquest ambient polític, les manifestacions antisemites van succeir-se immediatament i els Frank van començar a témer per la seva seguretat si restaven a l'Alemanya nazi. Més tard, el mateix any, Edith i les nenes van tornar a Aquisgrà per viure amb Flor Holländer, la mare d'Edith. Otto Frank es quedà a Frankfurt, però després de rebre una oferta per un assumpte de negocis a Amsterdam, organitzà i preparà la rebuda de la seva família.
Otto Frank començà a treballar a Opekta Works, una societat que venia la pectina extreta de les fruites, i trobà un pis a Merwdeplein, als afores d'Amsterdam. El febrer de 1934, Edith i els nens van arribar a Amsterdam i les dues filles foren inscrites a l'escola. Margot fou inscrita en una escola pública i Anne en una escola Montessori. Margot destacà en aritmètica i Anne descobrí les seves aptituds per la lectura i per l'escriptura. Anne i Margot tenien dues personalitats ben diferents: Margot era estudiosa, mentre que Anne era expressiva, enèrgica i extravertida.
L'any 1939, la mare d'Edith anà a viure amb els Frank i es quedà amb ells fins a la seva mort el gener de 1942. El maig de 1940, Alemanya envaí els Països Baixos i el govern d'ocupació començà a perseguir els jueus instaurant lleis repressives i discriminatòries. La inscripció obligatòria i la segregació dels jueus s'estengué ràpidament. Margot i Anne, tot i destacar en els seus estudis i tenir nombrosos amics, van ser inscrites al Liceu Jueu en l'aplicació d'un decret que establia que els nens jueus només podien seguir els cursos en escoles jueves.
El període descrit al diari
Abans d'anar a la casa del darrere
En el seu tretzè aniversari, el 12 de juny de 1942, Anne va rebre un petit regal que decidí emprar com a diari. Era un llibre d'autògrafs, relligat amb tela vermella i blanca i proveït d'una petita tanca al davant. Començà a escriure-hi gairebé immediatament, descrivint-se personalment, així com la seva família i els amics, la vida a l'escola, els nois amb què flirtejava i els indrets del veïnatge que li agradava visitar. Encara que aquests primers escrits demostrin que la seva vida era la d'una col·legiala típica, hi explica igualment els canvis que visqué com a testimoni de l'ocupació alemanya. Algunes referències són aparentment ocasionals; tanmateix en alguns passatges Anne subministra detalls sobre l'opressió creixent dels nazis. Per exemple, escrigué a propòsit de l'estrella groga que els jueus estaven obligats a portar en públic i llistà algunes restriccions i persecucions que trastornaren la vida de la població jueva d'Amsterdam. Anne somniava ser actriu. Li agradava veure pel·lícules, però a partir del 8 de gener de 1941 es va prohibir que els jueus neerlandesos poguessin entrar a les sales de cinema.
El mes de juliol de 1942, Margot Frank rebé l'avís de mobilització del Despatx Central de la Imm | [
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8924,
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263,
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1998,
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29889,
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14038,
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414,
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520,
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] | 1,024 | Wikipedia | 0.332235 | -0.164824 | -0.675031 | -0.096383 |