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List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Hidden</code>. | T1143 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Hidden</code>. ### Response: T1143. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | (Citation: PowerShell About 2019)
### Mac
The configurations for how applications run on macOS are listed in property list (plist) files. | T1143 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: (Citation: PowerShell About 2019)
### Mac
The configurations for how applications run on macOS are listed in property list (plist) files. ### Response: T1143. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | One of the tags in these files can be <code>apple.awt. | T1143 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: One of the tags in these files can be <code>apple.awt. ### Response: T1143. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | UIElement</code>, which allows for Java applications to prevent the application's icon from appearing in the Dock. | T1143 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: UIElement</code>, which allows for Java applications to prevent the application's icon from appearing in the Dock. ### Response: T1143. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | A common use for this is when applications run in the system tray, but don't also want to show up in the Dock. | T1143 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: A common use for this is when applications run in the system tray, but don't also want to show up in the Dock. ### Response: T1143. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | However, adversaries can abuse this feature and hide their running window.(Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware) | T1143 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: However, adversaries can abuse this feature and hide their running window.(Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware) ### Response: T1143. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Mach-O binaries have a series of headers that are used to perform certain operations when a binary is loaded. | T1161 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Mach-O binaries have a series of headers that are used to perform certain operations when a binary is loaded. ### Response: T1161. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | The LC_LOAD_DYLIB header in a Mach-O binary tells macOS and OS X which dynamic libraries (dylibs) to load during execution time. | T1161 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: The LC_LOAD_DYLIB header in a Mach-O binary tells macOS and OS X which dynamic libraries (dylibs) to load during execution time. ### Response: T1161. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | These can be added ad-hoc to the compiled binary as long adjustments are made to the rest of the fields and dependencies (Citation: Writing Bad Malware for OSX). | T1161 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: These can be added ad-hoc to the compiled binary as long adjustments are made to the rest of the fields and dependencies (Citation: Writing Bad Malware for OSX). ### Response: T1161. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | There are tools available to perform these changes. | T1161 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: There are tools available to perform these changes. ### Response: T1161. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Any changes will invalidate digital signatures on binaries because the binary is being modified. | T1161 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Any changes will invalidate digital signatures on binaries because the binary is being modified. ### Response: T1161. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries can remediate this issue by simply removing the LC_CODE_SIGNATURE command from the binary so that the signature isn’t checked at load time (Citation: Malware Persistence on OS X). | T1161 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries can remediate this issue by simply removing the LC_CODE_SIGNATURE command from the binary so that the signature isn’t checked at load time (Citation: Malware Persistence on OS X). ### Response: T1161. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may encode data to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. | T1132 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may encode data to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. ### Response: T1132. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system. | T1132 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system. ### Response: T1132. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Use of data encoding may adhere to existing protocol specifications and includes use of ASCII, Unicode, Base64, MIME, or other binary-to-text and character encoding systems.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding) (Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) | T1132 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Use of data encoding may adhere to existing protocol specifications and includes use of ASCII, Unicode, Base64, MIME, or other binary-to-text and character encoding systems.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding) (Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) ### Response: T1132. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip. | T1132 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip. ### Response: T1132. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may encode data with a standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. | T1132.001 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may encode data with a standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. ### Response: T1132.001. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system that adheres to existing protocol specifications. | T1132.001 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system that adheres to existing protocol specifications. ### Response: T1132.001. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Common data encoding schemes include ASCII, Unicode, hexadecimal, Base64, and MIME.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding)(Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) | T1132.001 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Common data encoding schemes include ASCII, Unicode, hexadecimal, Base64, and MIME.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding)(Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) ### Response: T1132.001. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip. | T1132.001 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip. ### Response: T1132.001. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or file difficult to discover or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. | T1027 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or file difficult to discover or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. ### Response: T1027. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | This is common behavior that can be used across different platforms and the network to evade defenses. | T1027 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: This is common behavior that can be used across different platforms and the network to evade defenses. ### Response: T1027. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Payloads may be compressed, archived, or encrypted in order to avoid detection. | T1027 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Payloads may be compressed, archived, or encrypted in order to avoid detection. ### Response: T1027. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | These payloads may be used during Initial Access or later to mitigate detection. | T1027 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: These payloads may be used during Initial Access or later to mitigate detection. ### Response: T1027. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Sometimes a user's action may be required to open and [Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140) for [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). | T1027 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Sometimes a user's action may be required to open and [Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140) for [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). ### Response: T1027. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | The user may also be required to input a password to open a password protected compressed/encrypted file that was provided by the adversary. | T1027 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: The user may also be required to input a password to open a password protected compressed/encrypted file that was provided by the adversary. ### Response: T1027. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | (Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016) | T1027 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: (Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016) ### Response: T1027. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may also use compressed or archived scripts, such as JavaScript. | T1027 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may also use compressed or archived scripts, such as JavaScript. ### Response: T1027. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Portions of files can also be encoded to hide the plain-text strings that would otherwise help defenders with discovery. | T1027 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Portions of files can also be encoded to hide the plain-text strings that would otherwise help defenders with discovery. ### Response: T1027. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | (Citation: Linux/Cdorked. | T1027 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: (Citation: Linux/Cdorked. ### Response: T1027. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | A We Live Security Analysis) | T1027 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: A We Live Security Analysis) ### Response: T1027. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Payloads may also be split into separate, seemingly benign files that only reveal malicious functionality when reassembled. | T1027 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Payloads may also be split into separate, seemingly benign files that only reveal malicious functionality when reassembled. ### Response: T1027. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | (Citation: Carbon Black Obfuscation Sept 2016) | T1027 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: (Citation: Carbon Black Obfuscation Sept 2016) ### Response: T1027. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may also abuse [Command Obfuscation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/010) to obscure commands executed from payloads or directly via [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059). | T1027 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may also abuse [Command Obfuscation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/010) to obscure commands executed from payloads or directly via [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059). ### Response: T1027. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Environment variables, aliases, characters, and other platform/language specific semantics can be used to evade signature based detections and application control mechanisms. | T1027 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Environment variables, aliases, characters, and other platform/language specific semantics can be used to evade signature based detections and application control mechanisms. ### Response: T1027. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | (Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017) | T1027 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: (Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017) ### Response: T1027. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | (Citation: FireEye Revoke-Obfuscation July 2017)(Citation: PaloAlto EncodedCommand March 2017) | T1027 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: (Citation: FireEye Revoke-Obfuscation July 2017)(Citation: PaloAlto EncodedCommand March 2017) ### Response: T1027. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may embed payloads within other files to conceal malicious content from defenses. | T1027.009 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may embed payloads within other files to conceal malicious content from defenses. ### Response: T1027.009. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Otherwise seemingly benign files (such as scripts and executables) may be abused to carry and obfuscate malicious payloads and content. | T1027.009 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Otherwise seemingly benign files (such as scripts and executables) may be abused to carry and obfuscate malicious payloads and content. ### Response: T1027.009. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | In some cases, embedded payloads may also enable adversaries to [Subvert Trust Controls](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553) by not impacting execution controls such as digital signatures and notarization tickets.(Citation: Sentinel Labs) | T1027.009 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: In some cases, embedded payloads may also enable adversaries to [Subvert Trust Controls](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553) by not impacting execution controls such as digital signatures and notarization tickets.(Citation: Sentinel Labs) ### Response: T1027.009. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may embed payloads in various file formats to hide payloads.(Citation: Microsoft Learn) | T1027.009 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may embed payloads in various file formats to hide payloads.(Citation: Microsoft Learn) ### Response: T1027.009. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | This is similar to [Steganography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/003), though does not involve weaving malicious content into specific bytes and patterns related to legitimate digital media formats.(Citation: GitHub PSImage) | T1027.009 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: This is similar to [Steganography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/003), though does not involve weaving malicious content into specific bytes and patterns related to legitimate digital media formats.(Citation: GitHub PSImage) ### Response: T1027.009. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | For example, adversaries have been observed embedding payloads within or as an overlay of an otherwise benign binary.(Citation: Securelist Dtrack2) | T1027.009 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: For example, adversaries have been observed embedding payloads within or as an overlay of an otherwise benign binary.(Citation: Securelist Dtrack2) ### Response: T1027.009. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries have also been observed nesting payloads (such as executables and run-only scripts) inside a file of the same format.(Citation: SentinelLabs reversing run-only applescripts 2021)
Embedded content may also be used as [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) payloads used to infect benign system processes.(Citation: Trend Micro) These embedded then injected payloads may be used as part of the modules of malware designed to provide specific features such as encrypting C2 communications in support of an orchestrator module. | T1027.009 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries have also been observed nesting payloads (such as executables and run-only scripts) inside a file of the same format.(Citation: SentinelLabs reversing run-only applescripts 2021)
Embedded content may also be used as [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) payloads used to infect benign system processes.(Citation: Trend Micro) These embedded then injected payloads may be used as part of the modules of malware designed to provide specific features such as encrypting C2 communications in support of an orchestrator module. ### Response: T1027.009. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | For example, an embedded module may be injected into default browsers, allowing adversaries to then communicate via the network.(Citation: Malware Analysis Report ComRAT) | T1027.009 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: For example, an embedded module may be injected into default browsers, allowing adversaries to then communicate via the network.(Citation: Malware Analysis Report ComRAT) ### Response: T1027.009. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Property list (plist) files contain all of the information that macOS and OS X uses to configure applications and services. | T1150 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Property list (plist) files contain all of the information that macOS and OS X uses to configure applications and services. ### Response: T1150. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | These files are UTF-8 encoded and formatted like XML documents via a series of keys surrounded by < >. | T1150 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: These files are UTF-8 encoded and formatted like XML documents via a series of keys surrounded by < >. ### Response: T1150. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | They detail when programs should execute, file paths to the executables, program arguments, required OS permissions, and many others. | T1150 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: They detail when programs should execute, file paths to the executables, program arguments, required OS permissions, and many others. ### Response: T1150. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | plists are located in certain locations depending on their purpose such as <code>/Library/Preferences</code> (which execute with elevated privileges) and <code>~/Library/Preferences</code> (which execute with a user's privileges). | T1150 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: plists are located in certain locations depending on their purpose such as <code>/Library/Preferences</code> (which execute with elevated privileges) and <code>~/Library/Preferences</code> (which execute with a user's privileges). ### Response: T1150. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries can modify these plist files to point to their own code, can use them to execute their code in the context of another user, bypass whitelisting procedures, or even use them as a persistence mechanism. | T1150 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries can modify these plist files to point to their own code, can use them to execute their code in the context of another user, bypass whitelisting procedures, or even use them as a persistence mechanism. ### Response: T1150. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | (Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan) | T1150 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: (Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan) ### Response: T1150. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may modify authentication mechanisms and processes to access user credentials or enable otherwise unwarranted access to accounts. | T1556 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may modify authentication mechanisms and processes to access user credentials or enable otherwise unwarranted access to accounts. ### Response: T1556. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | The authentication process is handled by mechanisms, such as the Local Security Authentication Server (LSASS) process and the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) on Windows, pluggable authentication modules (PAM) on Unix-based systems, and authorization plugins on MacOS systems, responsible for gathering, storing, and validating credentials. | T1556 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: The authentication process is handled by mechanisms, such as the Local Security Authentication Server (LSASS) process and the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) on Windows, pluggable authentication modules (PAM) on Unix-based systems, and authorization plugins on MacOS systems, responsible for gathering, storing, and validating credentials. ### Response: T1556. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | By modifying an authentication process, an adversary may be able to authenticate to a service or system without using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). | T1556 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: By modifying an authentication process, an adversary may be able to authenticate to a service or system without using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). ### Response: T1556. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may maliciously modify a part of this process to either reveal credentials or bypass authentication mechanisms. | T1556 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may maliciously modify a part of this process to either reveal credentials or bypass authentication mechanisms. ### Response: T1556. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Compromised credentials or access may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on systems within the network and may even be used for persistent access to remote systems and externally available services, such as VPNs, Outlook Web Access and remote desktop. | T1556 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Compromised credentials or access may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on systems within the network and may even be used for persistent access to remote systems and externally available services, such as VPNs, Outlook Web Access and remote desktop. ### Response: T1556. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may modify pluggable authentication modules (PAM) to access user credentials or enable otherwise unwarranted access to accounts. | T1556.003 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may modify pluggable authentication modules (PAM) to access user credentials or enable otherwise unwarranted access to accounts. ### Response: T1556.003. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | PAM is a modular system of configuration files, libraries, and executable files which guide authentication for many services. | T1556.003 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: PAM is a modular system of configuration files, libraries, and executable files which guide authentication for many services. ### Response: T1556.003. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | The most common authentication module is <code>pam_unix.so</code>, which retrieves, sets, and verifies account authentication information in <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code>.(Citation: | T1556.003 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: The most common authentication module is <code>pam_unix.so</code>, which retrieves, sets, and verifies account authentication information in <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code>.(Citation: ### Response: T1556.003. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Apple PAM)(Citation: Man Pam_Unix)(Citation: | T1556.003 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Apple PAM)(Citation: Man Pam_Unix)(Citation: ### Response: T1556.003. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Red Hat PAM) | T1556.003 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Red Hat PAM) ### Response: T1556.003. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may modify components of the PAM system to create backdoors. | T1556.003 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may modify components of the PAM system to create backdoors. ### Response: T1556.003. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | PAM components, such as <code>pam_unix.so</code>, can be patched to accept arbitrary adversary supplied values as legitimate credentials.(Citation: PAM Backdoor)
Malicious modifications to the PAM system may also be abused to steal credentials. | T1556.003 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: PAM components, such as <code>pam_unix.so</code>, can be patched to accept arbitrary adversary supplied values as legitimate credentials.(Citation: PAM Backdoor)
Malicious modifications to the PAM system may also be abused to steal credentials. ### Response: T1556.003. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may infect PAM resources with code to harvest user credentials, since the values exchanged with PAM components may be plain-text since PAM does not store passwords.(Citation: PAM Creds)(Citation: Apple PAM) | T1556.003 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may infect PAM resources with code to harvest user credentials, since the values exchanged with PAM components may be plain-text since PAM does not store passwords.(Citation: PAM Creds)(Citation: Apple PAM) ### Response: T1556.003. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | An adversary may attempt to modify a cloud account's compute service infrastructure to evade defenses. | T1578 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: An adversary may attempt to modify a cloud account's compute service infrastructure to evade defenses. ### Response: T1578. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | A modification to the compute service infrastructure can include the creation, deletion, or modification of one or more components such as compute instances, virtual machines, and snapshots. | T1578 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: A modification to the compute service infrastructure can include the creation, deletion, or modification of one or more components such as compute instances, virtual machines, and snapshots. ### Response: T1578. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Permissions gained from the modification of infrastructure components may bypass restrictions that prevent access to existing infrastructure. | T1578 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Permissions gained from the modification of infrastructure components may bypass restrictions that prevent access to existing infrastructure. ### Response: T1578. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Modifying infrastructure components may also allow an adversary to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020) | T1578 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Modifying infrastructure components may also allow an adversary to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020) ### Response: T1578. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | An adversary may revert changes made to a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. | T1578.004 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: An adversary may revert changes made to a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. ### Response: T1578.004. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | In highly virtualized environments, such as cloud-based infrastructure, this may be accomplished by restoring virtual machine (VM) or data storage snapshots through the cloud management dashboard or cloud APIs. | T1578.004 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: In highly virtualized environments, such as cloud-based infrastructure, this may be accomplished by restoring virtual machine (VM) or data storage snapshots through the cloud management dashboard or cloud APIs. ### Response: T1578.004. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Another variation of this technique is to utilize temporary storage attached to the compute instance. | T1578.004 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Another variation of this technique is to utilize temporary storage attached to the compute instance. ### Response: T1578.004. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Most cloud providers provide various types of storage including persistent, local, and/or ephemeral, with the ephemeral types often reset upon stop/restart of the VM.(Citation: Tech Republic - Restore AWS Snapshots)(Citation: Google - Restore Cloud Snapshot) | T1578.004 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Most cloud providers provide various types of storage including persistent, local, and/or ephemeral, with the ephemeral types often reset upon stop/restart of the VM.(Citation: Tech Republic - Restore AWS Snapshots)(Citation: Google - Restore Cloud Snapshot) ### Response: T1578.004. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | The <code>HISTCONTROL</code> environment variable keeps track of what should be saved by the <code>history</code> command and eventually into the <code>~/.bash_history</code> file when a user logs out. | T1148 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: The <code>HISTCONTROL</code> environment variable keeps track of what should be saved by the <code>history</code> command and eventually into the <code>~/.bash_history</code> file when a user logs out. ### Response: T1148. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | This setting can be configured to ignore commands that start with a space by simply setting it to "ignorespace". | T1148 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: This setting can be configured to ignore commands that start with a space by simply setting it to "ignorespace". ### Response: T1148. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | <code>HISTCONTROL</code> can also be set to ignore duplicate commands by setting it to "ignoredups". | T1148 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: <code>HISTCONTROL</code> can also be set to ignore duplicate commands by setting it to "ignoredups". ### Response: T1148. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | In some Linux systems, this is set by default to "ignoreboth" which covers both of the previous examples. | T1148 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: In some Linux systems, this is set by default to "ignoreboth" which covers both of the previous examples. ### Response: T1148. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | This means that “ ls” will not be saved, but “ls” would be saved by history. | T1148 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: This means that “ ls” will not be saved, but “ls” would be saved by history. ### Response: T1148. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | <code>HISTCONTROL</code> does not exist by default on macOS, but can be set by the user and will be respected. | T1148 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: <code>HISTCONTROL</code> does not exist by default on macOS, but can be set by the user and will be respected. ### Response: T1148. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries can use this to operate without leaving traces by simply prepending a space to all of their terminal commands. | T1148 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries can use this to operate without leaving traces by simply prepending a space to all of their terminal commands. ### Response: T1148. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host hardware that can be used during targeting. | T1592.001 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host hardware that can be used during targeting. ### Response: T1592.001. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Information about hardware infrastructure may include a variety of details such as types and versions on specific hosts, as well as the presence of additional components that might be indicative of added defensive protections (ex: card/biometric readers, dedicated encryption hardware, etc.). | T1592.001 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Information about hardware infrastructure may include a variety of details such as types and versions on specific hosts, as well as the presence of additional components that might be indicative of added defensive protections (ex: card/biometric readers, dedicated encryption hardware, etc.). ### Response: T1592.001. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) (ex: hostnames, server banners, user agent strings) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). | T1592.001 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) (ex: hostnames, server banners, user agent strings) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). ### Response: T1592.001. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Information about the hardware infrastructure may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices). | T1592.001 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Information about the hardware infrastructure may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices). ### Response: T1592.001. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or | T1592.001 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or ### Response: T1592.001. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Compromise Hardware Supply Chain](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/003) or [Hardware Additions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200)). | T1592.001 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Compromise Hardware Supply Chain](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/003) or [Hardware Additions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200)). ### Response: T1592.001. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host firmware that can be used during targeting. | T1592.003 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host firmware that can be used during targeting. ### Response: T1592.003. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Information about host firmware may include a variety of details such as type and versions on specific hosts, which may be used to infer more information about hosts in the environment (ex: configuration, purpose, age/patch level, etc.). | T1592.003 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Information about host firmware may include a variety of details such as type and versions on specific hosts, which may be used to infer more information about hosts in the environment (ex: configuration, purpose, age/patch level, etc.). ### Response: T1592.003. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). | T1592.003 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). ### Response: T1592.003. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Information about host firmware may only be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices).(Citation: ArsTechnica Intel) | T1592.003 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Information about host firmware may only be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices).(Citation: ArsTechnica Intel) ### Response: T1592.003. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or | T1592.003 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or ### Response: T1592.003. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)). | T1592.003 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)). ### Response: T1592.003. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host software that can be used during targeting. | T1592.002 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host software that can be used during targeting. ### Response: T1592.002. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Information about installed software may include a variety of details such as types and versions on specific hosts, as well as the presence of additional components that might be indicative of added defensive protections (ex: antivirus, SIEMs, etc.). | T1592.002 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Information about installed software may include a variety of details such as types and versions on specific hosts, as well as the presence of additional components that might be indicative of added defensive protections (ex: antivirus, SIEMs, etc.). ### Response: T1592.002. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) (ex: listening ports, server banners, user agent strings) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). | T1592.002 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) (ex: listening ports, server banners, user agent strings) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). ### Response: T1592.002. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Information about the installed software may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices). | T1592.002 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Information about the installed software may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices). ### Response: T1592.002. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or | T1592.002 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or ### Response: T1592.002. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or for initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)). | T1592.002 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or for initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)). ### Response: T1592.002. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may gather information about the victim's client configurations that can be used during targeting. | T1592.004 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may gather information about the victim's client configurations that can be used during targeting. ### Response: T1592.004. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Information about client configurations may include a variety of details and settings, including operating system/version, virtualization, architecture (ex: 32 or 64 bit), language, and/or time zone. | T1592.004 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Information about client configurations may include a variety of details and settings, including operating system/version, virtualization, architecture (ex: 32 or 64 bit), language, and/or time zone. ### Response: T1592.004. |
List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. | Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) (ex: listening ports, server banners, user agent strings) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). | T1592.004 | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List the MITRE techniques contained in the text. ### Input: Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) (ex: listening ports, server banners, user agent strings) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). ### Response: T1592.004. |