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--- |
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layout: transcript |
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interviewee: zelda piekarska brodecki |
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rg_number: rg-50.030.0041 |
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pdf_url: https://collections.ushmm.org/oh_findingaids/rg-50.030.0041_trs_en.pdf |
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ushmm_url: https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn504543 |
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gender: f |
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birth_date: 1928-07-27 |
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birth_year: 1928.0 |
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place_of_birth: sosnowiec |
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country: poland |
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experience_group: survivor |
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ghetto(s)_encyclopedia: none |
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ghetto: none |
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camp(s)_encyclopedia: none |
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camp: none |
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non_ss_camp: none |
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region: none |
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needs_research: none |
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data_entry: cl |
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accession: 1989.h.0336 |
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revisit: none |
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tags: transcripts |
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--- |
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--- |
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layout: transcript |
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interviewee: zelda piekarska brodecki |
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rg_number: rg-50.030.0041 |
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pdf_url: https://collections.ushmm.org/oh_findingaids/rg-50.030.0041_trs_en.pdf |
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ushmm_url: https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn504543 |
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gender: f |
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birth_date: 1928-07-27 |
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birth_year: 1928.0 |
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place_of_birth: sosnowiec |
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country: poland |
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experience_group: survivor |
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ghetto(s)_encyclopedia: none |
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ghetto: none |
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camp(s)_encyclopedia: none |
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camp: none |
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non_ss_camp: none |
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region: none |
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needs_research: none |
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data_entry: cl |
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accession: 1989.h.0336 |
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revisit: none |
|
tags: transcripts |
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--- |
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<body><dialogue class=""><p><sentence id="1">ZELDA PIEKARSKA BRODECKI September 18, 1989</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="3">Q: Would you tell us your name and where and when you were born?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="5">A: My name is Zelda Piekarska Brodecki.</sentence><sentence id="6">I was born in <span class="COUNTRY">Poland</span>, <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="50.293009" long="19.162475">Sosnowiec</span> [Ger: <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Sosnowitz</span>], July 27, 1928.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="9">Q: Would you, can you tell us about your family life?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="11">A: My immediately family was my mother, mine father, my brother and myself.</sentence><sentence id="12">But I had a grandmother and a grandfather, uncle, aunts and cousins and family, very loving family.</sentence><sentence id="13">Very close family.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="17">Q: Where did you go to <span class="BUILDING">school</span>?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="19">A: In <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="50.293009" long="19.162475">Sosnowiec</span>.</sentence><sentence id="20">Wait a minute.</sentence><sentence id="21">Let me see how I called [<span class="BUILDING">Pofsehna School</span> (ph)].</sentence><sentence id="22">It's not a <span class="BUILDING">high school</span>; it's a <span class="BUILDING">middle school</span>.</sentence><sentence id="23">That's how you call it?</sentence><sentence id="24">See I was uh I went to <span class="BUILDING">school</span> until occupation, until the Germans came in.</sentence><sentence id="25">Then we couldn't go to <span class="BUILDING">school</span>.</sentence><sentence id="26">We were not allowed to go to <span class="BUILDING">school</span>.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="35">Q: Was it a <span class="BUILDING">Jewish school</span>?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="37">A: No, it was not a <span class="BUILDING">Jewish school</span>.</sentence><sentence id="38">Was a...not a...it was for everybody, a <span class="BUILDING">public school</span>, yes.</sentence><sentence id="39">Was a nice <span class="BUILDING">school</span>.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="43">Q: Was your family observant Jewishly?</sentence><sentence id="44">Did they follow the laws, the customs?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="47">A: I don't know.</sentence><sentence id="48">I couldn't, I hope, I think, I think they did.</sentence><sentence id="49">I mean, we were Jewish but I couldn't tell you.</sentence><sentence id="50">Really, I don't know.</sentence><sentence id="51">I don't remember.</sentence><sentence id="52">Mine grandparents were, that I remember.</sentence><sentence id="53">But about us I couldn't tell you.</sentence><sentence id="54">But we had always the holidays, and all those good days with our grandparents so I think and hope that one's true.</sentence><sentence id="55">When we were with them.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="65">Q: What kind of a <span class="BUILDING">business</span> was your father in?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="67">A: We had, we had a <span class="BUILDING">candy factory</span>, two brothers, mine uncle, Uncle - I forgot his - Uncle - let me think - and mine father and we had a <span class="BUILDING">restaurant</span>.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="69">Q: Can you tell us how your life began to change when the war came?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="71">A: I remember when the Germans occupied <span class="COUNTRY">Poland</span> when they came to <span class="COUNTRY">Poland</span>, I don't know which day it was, the third or the fourth day, mine father had, mine father had to leave because he was Polish officer and he went with mine uncle and I was just there with my mother and my brother, and the people who were working for us - that's what I remember.</sentence><sentence id="72">That's what I'm telling you.</sentence><sentence id="73">And we were at the <span class="BUILDING">store</span> and I remember the, the Germans came and rushed in, the Germans and the, and the armed tanks and mine brother was missing.</sentence><sentence id="74">He was not at <span class="BUILDING">home</span> and my - was shooting and I remember that my mother went to look for him and brought him <span class="BUILDING">home</span>.</sentence><sentence id="75">That's what I remember.</sentence><sentence id="76">And after two, two weeks my father came back <span class="BUILDING">home</span> with mine uncle.</sentence><sentence id="77">Many changes started happening.</sentence><sentence id="78">I remember I saw many people laying on the <span class="ENV_FEATURES">ground</span> in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="50.293009" long="19.162475">Sosnowiec</span> and I couldn't understand what's happen.</sentence><sentence id="79">I never saw things like that.</sentence><sentence id="80">And so I asked my mother what it is and she explained to me it's all killed and explained the nicest way she could to me.</sentence><sentence id="81">But you know children, they take in the way you explain to them everything and gradually everything started happening.</sentence><sentence id="82">We had to close up the <span class="BUILDING">shops</span>.</sentence><sentence id="83">We had to prepare to go to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>, the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Srodula</span> [Ger: <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Schrodula</span>] and I remember that our, that they were attacking people on the <span class="DLF">streets</span>, young ladies, and they told them to dig <span class="DLF">graves</span>.</sentence><sentence id="84">And later, they told them to take off clothes and they shot through the breast.</sentence><sentence id="85">.(PAUSE) Sorry.</sentence><sentence id="86">And tell them to dig the <span class="DLF">graves</span>, and the <span class="DLF">graves</span> were still being, you know, I just don't know how to express myself.</sentence><sentence id="87">The people are still alive there.</sentence><sentence id="88">This is before we were going to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Srodula</span>.</sentence><sentence id="89">And I, we had a - I'm going to tell you about a young man who was extremely brave, and nobody talks about him.</sentence><sentence id="90">His name was Marek Lieberman.</sentence><sentence id="91">He was beautiful, blonde with blue eyes.</sentence><sentence id="92">Extremely good to people.</sentence><sentence id="93">A very wealthy person, helping everybody.</sentence><sentence id="94">Didn't care who you are or what you are.</sentence><sentence id="95">And somebody announce some about him.</sentence><sentence id="96">They came to the <span class="BUILDING">house</span>, knock on the <span class="DLF">wall</span> and took all the money.</sentence><sentence id="97">And we were called to come to the <span class="BUILDING">market</span>, and he was hung.</sentence><sentence id="98">I was five feet away from him, and it's engraved in my mind.</sentence><sentence id="99">I can't forget it.</sentence><sentence id="100">It's always with me.</sentence><sentence id="101">People should know about it.</sentence><sentence id="102">His name was Marek Lieberman.</sentence><sentence id="103">And in the same time, his wife give birth to a baby; and I was sent out to check, I don't know where, but this was our talking in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">city</span>, and this stays with me.</sentence><sentence id="104">And I saw other incidents too.</sentence><sentence id="105">But this happened later.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="141">Q: Can you tell us about those?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="143">A: I...L..I saw a mother walking with her dead baby and crying and singing to her.</sentence><sentence id="144">You got, when, do you want me to tell you about the rest.</sentence><sentence id="145">When we were going, when we were going...this was in, in 1943, I don't remember which day.</sentence><sentence id="146">It was June, but I don't remember which day it was.</sentence><sentence id="147">I was standing in the <span class="DLF">line</span>.</sentence><sentence id="148">The Germans were standing withus (tortures) tortures, yes, and the mother was standing with her daughter and she said something to her daughter and the German soldiers, soldier came, came, came toward them and hit the little girl and the mother was protecting the child.</sentence><sentence id="149">You know, she took her in her arms and he took a gun and shot her. .</sentence><sentence id="150">How can you erase something like that?</sentence><sentence id="151">That's always with you.</sentence><sentence id="152">You don't even have to close your eyes.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="163">Q: Can you tell us about life in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="165">A: I'm going to tell you about my...I mean, the children.</sentence><sentence id="166">The children had little <span class="BUILDING">schools</span>.</sentence><sentence id="167">We went, we got together.</sentence><sentence id="168">We had teachers, I mean.</sentence><sentence id="169">The young men were sent out, the young men and the young women were sent out to concen...to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">camps</span>.</sentence><sentence id="170">I don't know to what kind camps, and I didn't...you know, when you are with your parents, it doesn't matter how bad it is.</sentence><sentence id="171">But if you still have somebody who loves you, cares about you, who look after you, even if you don't have nothing to eat, even when you don't have, when you live three or four families in two <span class="INT_SPACE">rooms</span>, you know there's somebody there who will protect you.</sentence><sentence id="172">So when you're a child you don't pay much attention.</sentence><sentence id="173">You play hop...hop scotch, you go to, I mean, there were no <span class="BUILDING">schools</span>, but we had little classes.</sentence><sentence id="174">People were teaching us.</sentence><sentence id="175">People, all the people were getting together, having meetings until somebody talk about them, tell the Germans; then when they start, because the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> was closed and they were watching us.</sentence><sentence id="176">Mine dad could go back to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="50.293009" long="19.162475">Sosnowiec</span> everyday to work.</sentence><sentence id="177">My mother was in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> with us children.</sentence><sentence id="178">I just had one little brother.</sentence><sentence id="179">Mine uncles, mine uncles, the Germans took them right away to a <span class="NPIP">place</span> and...I forgot how they called the <span class="NPIP">place</span> and I remember they were, they were hitting on the head of mine uncles.</sentence><sentence id="180">I know, because I went there because I was a little kid.</sentence><sentence id="181">I could run around every <span class="NPIP">where</span>.</sentence><sentence id="182">They didn't know who I was.</sentence><sentence id="183">They didn't caught me, so I just saw what's happening and report it at <span class="BUILDING">home</span>.</sentence><sentence id="184">But they could not get them out.</sentence><sentence id="185">And they send them out to I know, they killed them right away there.</sentence><sentence id="186">Two of mine uncles.</sentence><sentence id="187">And one uncle they sent right away to a <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">concentration camp</span>.</sentence><sentence id="188">Many things coming back to me.</sentence><sentence id="189">I didn't thought...for many, many years I couldn't. (</sentence><sentence id="190">I'm sorry.)</sentence><sentence id="191">I said, many things are coming back to my mind and I didn't talk about them for many years.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="219">Q: Please, share them with us.</sentence><sentence id="220">Would you like a glass of water?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="223">A: Yes, thank you.</sentence><sentence id="224">Thank you. (</sentence><sentence id="225">PAUSE - pouring water.)</sentence><sentence id="226">This is my mother.</sentence><sentence id="227">This is mine father.</sentence><sentence id="228">And my little brother.</sentence><sentence id="229">This is myself.</sentence><sentence id="230">The picture was made in 1936 or "37.</sentence><sentence id="231">This is Joseph Piekarsky.</sentence><sentence id="232">This is Miriam Piekarska.</sentence><sentence id="233">And this is Lolek Piekarsky.</sentence><sentence id="234">And this is Zelda Piekarska.</sentence><sentence id="235">That's myself.</sentence><sentence id="236">That's...this is the only thing I have left from the <span class="BUILDING">house</span>.</sentence><sentence id="237">I mean, I didn't have it.</sentence><sentence id="238">Mine uncles sent it to me from <span class="COUNTRY">Israel</span>.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="255">Q: What...you said things were coming back to you from the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>.</sentence><sentence id="256">Can you tell us what's coming into your mind?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="259">A: Uh, the young girls like myself, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, had to go to <span class="BUILDING">work</span>.</sentence><sentence id="260">And I was working in a <span class="BUILDING">factory</span>, I forgot, Dietrich (ph) I think, Dietrich.</sentence><sentence id="261">And I was working from seven in the evening to seven in the morning.</sentence><sentence id="262">And I remember at night I had to come back <span class="BUILDING">home</span>, going to the <span class="DLF">cemetery</span> by myself.</sentence><sentence id="263">But I wasn't scared.</sentence><sentence id="264">I was singing, and my father was waiting on the other <span class="NPIP">corner</span> for me.</sentence><sentence id="265">I remember good, I remember good things too, because people were getting together.</sentence><sentence id="266">People were caring about each other.</sentence><sentence id="267">We didn't have much, because they took everything away from us.</sentence><sentence id="268">When then came to <span class="COUNTRY">Poland</span>, right away they took, they came to the <span class="BUILDING">houses</span>, and you know, they confiscate everything.</sentence><sentence id="269">I remember when they came to mine <span class="BUILDING">house</span>; and uh my grandmother give my mother a silver something, silver tea and coffee set.</sentence><sentence id="270">And they took it away.</sentence><sentence id="271">And my mother went, she didn't allow them.</sentence><sentence id="272">And my father said, "Give it to them.</sentence><sentence id="273">I will get you new ones when, God permit, we leave here alive."</sentence><sentence id="274">Back of my mind too.</sentence><sentence id="275">Just a little thing, but when we went to...when we went to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Srodula</span>, to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>, just allowed to take so much and so much.</sentence><sentence id="276">Just a few pounds.</sentence><sentence id="277">And three or four families lived in two <span class="INT_SPACE">rooms</span>.</sentence><sentence id="278">We had three families living in one <span class="INT_SPACE">room</span>.</sentence><sentence id="279">I remember my father was singing to me at night.</sentence><sentence id="280">He was sitting by the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">bed</span> and singing to me.</sentence><sentence id="281">And it was bad.</sentence><sentence id="282">Was very bad.</sentence><sentence id="283">And killings and beating people.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="309">Q: Can you tell us a little bit more about your father and his <span class="BUILDING">factory</span>?</sentence><sentence id="310">It was a famous business, was it not?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="313">A: It was, I don't know how famous it was.</sentence><sentence id="314">It was a business.</sentence><sentence id="315">It was, I don't know how big it was or how small; but it was a, you know, it was a <span class="BUILDING">factory</span>. [</sentence><sentence id="316"><span class="BUILDING">Sinkevitz Ashedem</span> (ph)] in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="50.293009" long="19.162475">Sosnowiec</span>.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="321">Q: Is that where he went to work when he went back out of the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> to work?</sentence><sentence id="322">Did he go to the <span class="BUILDING">factory</span>?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="325">A: I don't know what he was doing when he went from the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> to work.</sentence><sentence id="326">This I don't know.</sentence><sentence id="327">But he came <span class="BUILDING">home</span> every night.</sentence><sentence id="328">This I don't know, but the <span class="BUILDING">factory</span> was there; because even when I came back <span class="BUILDING">home</span> after the war, the <span class="BUILDING">factory</span> was there.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="333">Q: What did it make?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="335">A: Candy and chocolate.</sentence><sentence id="336">I was always kidding...after the war I was kidding with my husband, I'm so sick because I was made .</sentence><sentence id="337">That's funny.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="341">Q: What...how did you get food in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>?</sentence><sentence id="342">Could you buy food?</sentence><sentence id="343">How did people...</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="347">A: On the <span class="BUILDING">black market</span>, sometimes they were buying food.</sentence><sentence id="348">I really don't remember.</sentence><sentence id="349">I don't, I think they were getting stamps, food stamps.</sentence><sentence id="350">I mean, not the...mine father brought something from the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">city</span> somehow.</sentence><sentence id="351">I couldn't, don't ask me.</sentence><sentence id="352">I don't know.</sentence><sentence id="353">Because I really don't know.</sentence><sentence id="354">But what...what I remember, this what came back to me.</sentence><sentence id="355">Mine father in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> was working in the <span class="INT_SPACE">kitchen</span>; and I remember when he was telling how to my mother that they were taking out children, sick children, because I wouldn't be... because when the Germans, when the Germans came, they dispose right away of sick, sick, sick children.</sentence><sentence id="356">Sick all the people.</sentence><sentence id="357">So they were carrying the children in garbage cans covered with vegetables.</sentence><sentence id="358">With whatever was left.</sentence><sentence id="359">Those things I remember.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="373">Q: They hid them there?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="375">A: They brought them from the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="50.293009" long="19.162475">Sosnowiec</span>, and in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="50.293009" long="19.162475">Sosnowiec</span> somebody took them someplace else.</sentence><sentence id="376">But I couldn't tell you where.</sentence><sentence id="377">I don't know.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="381">Q: And that's how they moved them?</sentence><sentence id="382">In <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">garbage cans</span>?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="385">A: They moved them in the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">garbage can</span>.</sentence><sentence id="386">Because right away when they came in they eliminate, they...you know, they took, they called us all.</sentence><sentence id="387">And they said, "You go here, you go here.</sentence><sentence id="388">This one, you go to dead.</sentence><sentence id="389">You go to <span class="BUILDING">work</span>."</sentence><sentence id="390">And you go, wherever they want to they send you.</sentence><sentence id="391">But I was still with mine parents.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="399">Q: Were there other people that you adopted into your family at this time?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="401">A: We had a little boy who was living in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="50.293009" long="19.162475">Sosnowiec</span> with us; and his parents were sent to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">concentration camp</span> and he was with us.</sentence><sentence id="402">But I don't know what happened to him.</sentence><sentence id="403">Because his parents came after the war back from <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">concentration camps</span>.</sentence><sentence id="404">And he was, he was not...he was with my father.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="409">Q: Were there any other people who stand out in your memory, from the time in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="411">A: I should, but I...I don't remember.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="413">Q: OK.</sentence><sentence id="414">What about your brother?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="417">A: The last time I saw mine brother was June 26, 1943.</sentence><sentence id="418">He went...he was with my mother.</sentence><sentence id="419">My father was not with them.</sentence><sentence id="420">I don't know what happened to my father; but later I found out that they shot him, and I was with my mother and my brother.</sentence><sentence id="421">I remember it was raining and she had, was wearing a jacket.</sentence><sentence id="422">She put it around me so I wouldn't get wet.</sentence><sentence id="423">And I didn't want to go away from her.</sentence><sentence id="424">And she was pushing me.</sentence><sentence id="425">She said,"Somebody has to be alive to tell the story."</sentence><sentence id="426">And I didn't want to go away from her.</sentence><sentence id="427">I had long braids, and they were pulling me from one <span class="NPIP">side</span>; and she didn't want to leave my brother.</sentence><sentence id="428">She went with my brother.</sentence><sentence id="429">She was...she was a young woman; and my brother was two years younger than I was.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="443">Q: Where did this take place?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="445">A: In <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="50.293009" long="19.162475">Sosnowiec</span>.</sentence><sentence id="446">No, in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Srodula ghetto</span>.</sentence><sentence id="447">Because we were the last ones to go, the last Jews to leave the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="451">Q: Can you tell us about the liquidation of the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span>?</sentence><sentence id="452">How did they take people?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="455">A: It's like I said.</sentence><sentence id="456">They put...they took us together in the <span class="BUILDING">market</span> and they were choosing people.</sentence></p><p><sentence id="457">"You go this way, and you go that way."</sentence><sentence id="458">And they were...like I said, I didn't want to go away from my mother; and they pulled me and I had to go away from her.</sentence><sentence id="459">I didn't want to, but I had to.</sentence><sentence id="460">And my mother said, "You have to go with them."</sentence><sentence id="461">And I went.</sentence><sentence id="462">And she went with mine brother.</sentence><sentence id="463">And it was whole place with young girls, with young people; and I remember the Germans said to me, in German, "[Eine puppe sehr giit (ph)]."</sentence><sentence id="464">They're going to be very good to us.</sentence><sentence id="465">We're going to have a wonderful time, all of us.</sentence><sentence id="466">And uh right from there they put us in those <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">cattle wagons</span>; and they picked up other people on the way from other <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">cities</span>, and it was horrible.</sentence><sentence id="467">I'm still...I still don't like to go by <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">trains</span>.</sentence><sentence id="468">That was just...</sentence></p></dialogue><dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="469">Q: Can you describe it please?</sentence></p></dialogue><dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="470">A: Was no...was no water, no <span class="DLF">windows</span>.</sentence><sentence id="471">We were closed up.</sentence><sentence id="472">People were praying.</sentence><sentence id="473">People didn't know where to go to use the <span class="INT_SPACE">bathroom</span>.</sentence><sentence id="474">They give us a bucket.</sentence><sentence id="475">And we were like little sardines put together.</sentence><sentence id="476">We didn't have <span class="NPIP">place</span> to move.</sentence><sentence id="477">I don't know if we were gone three days or four days.</sentence><sentence id="478">I don't remember.</sentence><sentence id="479">People...people were dying.</sentence><sentence id="480">Holding hands, and just holding...holding hands.</sentence><sentence id="481">And we came to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Klettendorf</span>--no, we came to [Guntebrecher (ph)], to <span class="COUNTRY">Germany</span>; and I remember they let us out, like you know, when you sit so many days, when you stand and you can move.</sentence><sentence id="482">And the Germans, the Germans was screaming and beating us with the guns and with those, with those...those.... I don't know how you call it, they keep them in , yes, clubs ?.</sentence><sentence id="483">And it was just..(DISRUPTION) And I remember when we came to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Guentherbriicke,|</span> this was our first arbeit , arbeit lager; which was bad too, but it was not like our death.</sentence><sentence id="484">And there were already some people and they were just giving us work right away then.</sentence><sentence id="485">And so many people, most of the people were very sick.</sentence><sentence id="486">They couldn't go to <span class="BUILDING">work</span>.</sentence><sentence id="487">But they were afraid to say something.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="506">Q: Were you with anybody you knew at that time?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="508">A: I met uh...you know, when you go, when young people go together, you just start talking to each other, and you meet.</sentence><sentence id="509">And I knew all of them.</sentence><sentence id="510">But came people from other <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">cities</span>; and there were two ladies who knew my mother when she was a young girl.</sentence><sentence id="511">Their name was Kaufman (ph).</sentence><sentence id="512">And uh I just met them, and I didn't know that they knew my mother; but I was just going to everybody, and I was just touching and thanking and introducing myself.</sentence><sentence id="513">And they said to me, "Your mother, we worked with her."</sentence><sentence id="514">And so was a friendship, and so I knew right away somebody.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="522">Q: What kind of work did you do?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="524">A: When I came to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Klettendorf</span>, when I was doing...I was working with a shovel and uh, a laborer.</sentence><sentence id="525">Very hard work.</sentence><sentence id="526">But I was always dreaming, I was always pretending; and I wanted to , | went <span class="BUILDING">home</span> to my parents.</sentence><sentence id="527">And I was singing, you know, one of Jewish songs we sing, tell stories.</sentence><sentence id="528">And I was dancing, and tap dancing.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="534">Q: What were the living conditions like in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">camp</span>?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="536">A: What conditions?</sentence><sentence id="537">We were existing, not even existing.</sentence><sentence id="538">We, the food - I remember I took a piece of bread, a tiny piece of bread, and I took it to a lady.</sentence><sentence id="539">And I said to her, "Cut in very thin...very thin slices."</sentence><sentence id="540">So I would have it for a long time.</sentence><sentence id="541">And uh later I, I got a better job.</sentence><sentence id="542">I mean they sent me to put boxes together.</sentence><sentence id="543">We called it <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Sentung</span> (ph), sending ammunition and things to other <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">cities</span>.</sentence><sentence id="544">And I had to put it together.</sentence><sentence id="545">And I was singing...I remember my father was singing German songs; and I knew a few, and I was singing.</sentence><sentence id="546">And there was one German " <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Forced labor camp</span> near <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="51.127029" long="16.85199">Breslau</span> (Pol: <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Wroc_aw</span>).</sentence><sentence id="547">who was...he said, "How do you know those songs?"</sentence><sentence id="548">I said, "Because my father was singing."</sentence><sentence id="549">And uh he like it so much he gave me a piece of bread.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="565">Q: Can you sing one of the songs for us?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="567">A: Oh, I can't sing, I can't sing.</sentence><sentence id="568">And uh later, I was sent out from this <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">concentration camp</span> to another one, to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Klettendorf</span>.</sentence><sentence id="569">In <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Klettendorf</span>...let me think a minute.</sentence><sentence id="570">In <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Klettendorf</span>, for me was a man's concentration camp and a woman's concentration camp.</sentence><sentence id="571">And in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Klettendorf</span> when it was, I...[ became sick.</sentence><sentence id="572">I mean, I didn't have...I was malnutritious, and I was working very hard.</sentence><sentence id="573">And I was working, and uh I was a mechanic.</sentence><sentence id="574">I was supposed to be on mechanic.</sentence><sentence id="575">The German who had the <span class="NPIP">place</span> wanted me to repair a <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">car</span>.</sentence><sentence id="576">What do I know about a <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">car</span>?</sentence><sentence id="577">So he took a piece of iron and put it on my coat.</sentence><sentence id="578">He's going to kill.</sentence><sentence id="579">And was there another German who said, " -" You know, "Leave her alone.</sentence><sentence id="580">She doesn't know how to repair a <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">car</span>."</sentence><sentence id="581">So he said something to him in German.</sentence><sentence id="582">But he didn't do anything to me, because the other one was a soldier.</sentence><sentence id="583">So he...and I told this when I came <span class="BUILDING">home</span>, you know, to...to the <span class="BUILDING">barracks</span>, to my , to the lady who took us to take care of us.</sentence><sentence id="584">So she didn't let me go to <span class="BUILDING">work</span> anymore the next day.</sentence><sentence id="585">She said that I am sick or something happened, she needs me there, you know.</sentence><sentence id="586">And they send me someplace else; because I was afraid if I go back to work I'm not going to come <span class="BUILDING">home</span> alive.</sentence><sentence id="587">That was horrible.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="609">Q: How many people lived in one <span class="BUILDING">barracks</span>?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="611">A: Many people; because we slept on the <span class="INT_SPACE">floor</span> and we had uh straw, on the straw.</sentence><sentence id="612">We didn't have, we just had uh those things with , not really dresses, made like paper.</sentence><sentence id="613">No stockings, no shoes, just rags around our feet.</sentence><sentence id="614">And it was very cold, extremely cold.</sentence><sentence id="615">Oh, something burst into my mind.</sentence><sentence id="616">When I was in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Klettendorf</span>, I had prisoners of war...Russian prisoners.</sentence><sentence id="617">I remember once, and we just worked maybe ten or fifteen girls with some German who were taking care of us.</sentence><sentence id="618">And if they didn't see what you were doing, we...all the bread of...we didn't have nothing, but we sent all to the men.</sentence><sentence id="619">Because, I mean, we couldn't move without them.</sentence><sentence id="620">It was, it was horrible.</sentence><sentence id="621">And this, in same concen...in this same lager what I was, I met a guy...I met many guys, many Hollanders from <span class="COUNTRY">Holland</span>.</sentence><sentence id="622">But to to the arbeit lagers too; because they had Jewish professors in <span class="COUNTRY">Holland</span>, as they want to prod the students to boycott the Jewish professors, and they didn't want to.</sentence><sentence id="623">So for the punishment, they sent them to concen...to the lagers.</sentence><sentence id="624">And I met those guys, I met all of them.</sentence><sentence id="625">They were wonderful people.</sentence><sentence id="626">And one was Elias Kohn (ph), who's helping me out, who's helping everybody, who's wonderful, a wonderful human being.</sentence><sentence id="627">He risked his life to come...I mean, in this...in this <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Klettendorf</span> he didn't have to do, but then he was sent to another <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">concentration camp</span>, to <span class="BUILDING">ammunition factory</span>.</sentence><sentence id="628">He risked his life, and he came and he made a picture.</sentence><sentence id="629">He made many pictures.</sentence><sentence id="630">This was made in 1945, uh 1944, the eleventh month.</sentence><sentence id="631">I was working in <span class="BUILDING">ammunition factory</span>.</sentence><sentence id="632">We, my whole body was grey-blue.</sentence><sentence id="633">And I scratched myself; and being hungry, not having what to sleep, not having what to eat, being, you know, missing everybody the way I did, I got very sick.</sentence><sentence id="634">We didn't have any doctors.</sentence><sentence id="635">We didn't have any nurses.</sentence><sentence id="636">But we had uh a lady who was married to a doctor, who was kind and took care of me.</sentence><sentence id="637">He said for me to stay on the hot water, and when I felt...she took a razor blade because we didn't have any scalpels, and she cut me under my arm and she let the pus out and my whole body was.... And I was fainting; and she...somehow she took care of me.</sentence><sentence id="638">She said, she told me...I didn't know this because I didn't know then, but then I met her in 19...I mean, I met her ten or fifteen years ago in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">New York</span> at a wedding.</sentence><sentence id="639">She was telling my husband that she was nursing with me with little spoons with water, because we didn't have much to eat.</sentence><sentence id="640">And everybody contribute.</sentence><sentence id="641">All the guys were very supportive, helping each other.</sentence><sentence id="642">You know, everybody give something away, they don't have much; and this helped me back to life.</sentence><sentence id="643">And I was screaming, "I have to be alive because I have to go <span class="BUILDING">home</span>."</sentence><sentence id="644">I knew that I didn't have anybody, but I was hoping so hard that I believe in it.</sentence><sentence id="645">And when I come <span class="BUILDING">home</span>, I'm going to have a mother and a father.</sentence><sentence id="646">And that's what I told everybody.</sentence><sentence id="647">And everybody agreed with me.</sentence><sentence id="648">Nobody disagreed, and everybody said, "Of course, you will."</sentence><sentence id="649">I mean, the doctors didn't have to do anything.</sentence><sentence id="650">They just talked to you and told you, and you believed them.</sentence><sentence id="651">Maybe this will help you.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="694">Q: How did this Dutch man help you?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="696">A: He was bringing, bringing food for us.</sentence><sentence id="697">He was telling us what was going on.</sentence><sentence id="698">He thinks even when you don't, didn't believe it, it was your only hope.</sentence><sentence id="699">You grabbed it.</sentence><sentence id="700">And we loved him, all the girls loved him.</sentence><sentence id="701">Even came to see us after the war, too.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="708">Q: How long were you in that particular <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">camp</span>?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="710">A: I couldn't tell you.</sentence><sentence id="711">I went to the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">camp</span>, was 1943; and I was...I was two years in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">camps</span> together.</sentence><sentence id="712">But with the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">ghetto</span> together, it was--the whole war, six years.</sentence><sentence id="713">You know, sometimes I sit and I don't believe it myself.</sentence><sentence id="714">But it's the truth.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="720">Q: Can you tell us more about the relationship between the young women together in the <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">camp</span>?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="722">A: We were very supportive of each other.</sentence><sentence id="723">I had four girl friends.</sentence><sentence id="724">These are Klara Kartush (ph) in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Detroit</span>, Tonya, Tonya...I forget her maiden name--Jablon (ph).</sentence><sentence id="725">And Sara Stapler(ph).Those girls were wonderful.</sentence><sentence id="726">They even took care of me when I was very sick.</sentence><sentence id="727">Because they had a <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">transport</span> they sent out in 19...in 1945, before the war ended, they sent a transport of girls.</sentence><sentence id="728">I couldn't go because I was very sick.</sentence><sentence id="729">So they left me; and those girls didn't go.</sentence><sentence id="730">They said, "We're going to save you."</sentence><sentence id="731">| didn't want to ask.</sentence><sentence id="732">They said, "You have to lie down, because we're going...we're going close the whole lager."</sentence><sentence id="733">But what happened...the good thing happened that the Russians came the night before, and we were liberated the 8th of May.</sentence><sentence id="734">And they were supposed to kill us the 9th.</sentence><sentence id="735">Get rid of us.</sentence><sentence id="736">And you know, we were scared to tell them that we are sick because doesn't matter what.</sentence><sentence id="737">Right away, dead. (</sentence><sentence id="738">PAUSE) I remember I was standing and I was dreaming, I was pretending; I was looking at everything was so beautiful outside green, and we were cooped up.</sentence><sentence id="739">And people were going to work, and taking, and couldn't understand this.</sentence><sentence id="740">In the morning, we had to go to <span class="BUILDING">work</span>. (</sentence><sentence id="741">PAUSE) We had to go and march, too.</sentence><sentence id="742">And they were clubbing us.</sentence><sentence id="743">They were hitting us.</sentence><sentence id="744">Some people got, some people got...not hurt, but killed.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="769">Q: Were you yourself ever hit?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="771">A: Many times.</sentence><sentence id="772">One time I stole a potato.</sentence><sentence id="773">I was working in a <span class="DLF">garden</span>.</sentence><sentence id="774">I saw a potato and I put in my arm.</sentence><sentence id="775">Had a bandage, but I put the potato in my hand; and they caught me and I was beaten.</sentence><sentence id="776">Everybody was standing looking as they were beating me with - (PAUSE) - yeah.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="783">Q: What happened after you were liberated?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="785">A: When I was liberated, I was with my girl friends.</sentence><sentence id="786">I was liberated with the girls in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="50.625735" long="16.490399">Ludwigsdorf</span>, in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="50.625735" long="16.490399">Ludwigsdorf</span> in <span class="BUILDING">ammunition factory</span>.</sentence><sentence id="787">And I was uh very sick.</sentence><sentence id="788">I couldn't go any <span class="NPIP">place</span>; so we went to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Walgenbuch</span> (ph).</sentence><sentence id="789">We took our <span class="INT_SPACE">apartment</span>, and we stayed there for two, three weeks.</sentence><sentence id="790">I felt better.</sentence><sentence id="791">And uh somebody brought me a letter from <span class="COUNTRY">Poland</span>, from my cousin, to come back <span class="BUILDING">home</span>...to come <span class="BUILDING">home</span>. "</sentence><sentence id="792">We're going to teach, you're going to go back to <span class="BUILDING">school</span>."</sentence><sentence id="793">And I was very eager to do this.</sentence><sentence id="794">So three weeks later, I went back to <span class="COUNTRY">Poland</span> without papers, with nothing.</sentence><sentence id="795">I went back to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="50.293009" long="19.162475">Sosnowiec</span>.</sentence><sentence id="796">Hoping, hoping that I have somebody there.</sentence><sentence id="797">Can you imagine, I was sitting in the <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">train</span>...I was sitting with a priest with some girls.</sentence><sentence id="798">And I remember I didn't have anywhere to put mine head, so I put on his knee; and when he started talking about the Jews, I picked up mine head and said, "I'm Jewish.</sentence><sentence id="799">And I'm .</sentence><sentence id="800">I'm Jewish and I'm coming from <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">concentration camp</span>."</sentence><sentence id="801">And I said, "You better close your mouth, because you don't know what you're talking about."</sentence><sentence id="802">He got up...he throw me down, and he got up and went away.</sentence><sentence id="803">Coming back from...to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="50.293009" long="19.162475">Sosnowiec</span>, I didn't have any money.</sentence><sentence id="804">| didn't have any baggage.</sentence><sentence id="805">I just had whatever I was wearing.</sentence><sentence id="806">Mine heart was pumping.</sentence><sentence id="807">I was overwhelmed.</sentence><sentence id="808">I was very happy; but I was excited and I was happy and I was scared and I didn't trust.</sentence><sentence id="809">I was afraid to trust.</sentence><sentence id="810">And I went back when my cousin wrote me the letter to the <span class="BUILDING">factory</span> there.</sentence><sentence id="811">Was one of mine cousins and the people working.</sentence><sentence id="812">And he said to me, "This is yours.</sentence><sentence id="813">And stay with me, and we will take care of you."</sentence><sentence id="814">Didn't say anything about a <span class="BUILDING">school</span>, what he wrote to me.</sentence><sentence id="815">And I stayed a week.</sentence><sentence id="816">I stayed two weeks.</sentence><sentence id="817">I was, I was going around.</sentence><sentence id="818">I was going to the <span class="NPIP">place</span> where we were living.</sentence><sentence id="819">They didn't allow me to come in.</sentence><sentence id="820">I mean, to me they didn't say this, but to some other Jewish girls they said . "</sentence><sentence id="821">You are still alive; they didn't get rid of 0 A Yes, I remember this.</sentence><sentence id="822">It was...see, this was...my girlfriend was telling me.</sentence><sentence id="823">Gisza Klein (ph) was born in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="46.466667" long="30.733333">Odessa</span>, but before the war they came to visit the grandmother and they couldn't go back.</sentence><sentence id="824">And what she told me when the Russians came, they opened the <span class="DLF">doors</span> and she greet them.</sentence><sentence id="825">She said, "Strastvitye, tovarishi." [</sentence><sentence id="826">Trans: "Hello, comrades."]</sentence><sentence id="827">She spoke Russian.</sentence><sentence id="828">And she says they came in.</sentence><sentence id="829">That's what she was telling.</sentence><sentence id="830">And I remember that I went looking for food for this little... we had many sick people.</sentence><sentence id="831">We went looking for food to the Germans, and they refused to give it to us.</sentence><sentence id="832">They gave us a few eggs and a little milk for the very sick people with, with uh, what they had uh something with a long - (tuberculosis).</sentence><sentence id="833"><span class="BUILDING">Tuberculosis</span>.</sentence><sentence id="834">No doctors.</sentence><sentence id="835">Sick people.</sentence><sentence id="836">And I remember they got...they got a few of those Germans.</sentence><sentence id="837">Not I, because I don't have the strength to do anything cause I couldn't walk.</sentence><sentence id="838">My legs were like , 1 think.</sentence><sentence id="839">Some...some of my friends said that I'm a miracle, that I survived what I survived.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="897">Q: Did they grab some of the Germans?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="899">A: Yes.</sentence><sentence id="900">But one was very nice to all of us.</sentence><sentence id="901">He always give us hope, all the girls; and the girls took care of him after the war by helping him.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="905">Q: One of the Germans?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="907">A: One of the Germans, a German man.</sentence><sentence id="908">He was always decent to.... He had a big family; and he...when he came, he was...he didn't give us...he didn't have anything himself.</sentence><sentence id="909">But he give us hope.</sentence><sentence id="910">So we still have good people.</sentence><sentence id="911">I believe that we have good people.</sentence><sentence id="912">And I still trust people.</sentence><sentence id="913">And I promise myself one thing in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">concentration camp</span>: when I'm going to be alive and I'm going to get through, the first I'm going to grab I'm going to throw in the <span class="ENV_FEATURES">river</span>.</sentence><sentence id="914">The first I grabbed I hugged and I kissed and I give her all my clothes; and I give away my bread.</sentence><sentence id="915">You cannot do things like that when you're not brought up this way.</sentence><sentence id="916">It's instilled in you.</sentence><sentence id="917">Yes.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="929">Q: Can you tell us how you met your husband?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="931">A: I met my husband in Landsberg-am-Lech in July when I, when I came to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="48.073341" long="10.908635">Landsberg</span>.</sentence><sentence id="932">I was liberated in June.</sentence><sentence id="933">I was in <span class="COUNTRY">Poland</span> for three weeks.</sentence><sentence id="934">From <span class="COUNTRY">Poland</span> I went next to <span class="COUNTRY">Germany</span>; and I went traveling and I went to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="48.073341" long="10.908635">Landsberg</span>, to a <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">DP camp</span>, <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">displaced person camp</span>.</sentence><sentence id="935">My husband was a policeman there.</sentence><sentence id="936">That's where I met him.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="943">Q: Was he from <span class="COUNTRY">Poland</span> also?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="945">A: He's from <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="52.233028" long="21.017">Warsaw</span>, yes.</sentence><sentence id="946">And I know him three months, and I got married. (</sentence><sentence id="947">PAUSE) 1</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="951">Q: Would you describe the incident when you first met him?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="953">A: Oh, I don't remember. (</sentence><sentence id="954">Laughter) I met him because somebody wanted to hit me. (</sentence><sentence id="955">Laughter) In our...in our ...he came to protect us.</sentence><sentence id="956">He was a policeman.</sentence><sentence id="957">It was a group of people from all <span class="COUNTRY">countries</span>.</sentence><sentence id="958">We had people from <span class="COUNTRY">Greece</span>, from <span class="COUNTRY">Romania</span>, different people, diff... well, you know.</sentence><sentence id="959">Different men.</sentence><sentence id="960">So one just put a knife, and said if I don't marry him he's going to kill me. (</sentence><sentence id="961">Laughter) So we called the police; and then my husband came.</sentence><sentence id="962">Yeah.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="974">Q: Where did you go after that?</sentence><sentence id="975">How long did you stay in. . .?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="978">A: We stayed in <span class="COUNTRY">Germany</span> - wait, let me tell you this.</sentence><sentence id="979">So Joe was born.</sentence><sentence id="980">Joseph, our first baby, was born in <span class="COUNTRY">Germany</span>, in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE" lat="48.073341" long="10.908635">Landsberg</span> .</sentence><sentence id="981">He was born Decem--no, he was born 1946.And to us, you know, our children are more than children to us.</sentence><sentence id="982">This is our future, our hope.</sentence><sentence id="983">So you can imagine, this was mine baby and this was my doll.</sentence><sentence id="984">Not just him, but everybody.</sentence><sentence id="985">We care very much about each other. (</sentence><sentence id="986">PAUSE) We had to...we didn't have anybody.</sentence><sentence id="987">Anyhow, all the Jews are kinship to each other.</sentence><sentence id="988">Yes.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="1001">Q: Tell me about where you went after the war?</sentence><sentence id="1002">What you did?</sentence><sentence id="1003">After how long you stayed in <span class="COUNTRY">Germany</span>, where you went after?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="1007">A: I stayed...we stayed in <span class="COUNTRY">Germany</span> for--"45 to "49--four years.</sentence><sentence id="1008">And uh we registered to go to <span class="COUNTRY">Israel</span>.</sentence><sentence id="1009">My husband registered to go to <span class="COUNTRY">Israel</span> before he met me; but I don't know, he...he was telling me those things.</sentence><sentence id="1010">But it took such a long time, I forgot what he was telling me.</sentence><sentence id="1011">But we registered to go to <span class="COUNTRY">America</span>.</sentence><sentence id="1012">And it took a few years.</sentence><sentence id="1013">They called us in, and we were sent to <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Richmond</span> in 1949.</sentence><sentence id="1014">Forty years ago.</sentence><sentence id="1015">That's when I was born--forty years ago.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="1025">Q: Tell me about your daughter.</sentence><sentence id="1026">When she was two and one half, in the <span class="BUILDING">supermarket</span>?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="1029">A: Maria?</sentence><sentence id="1030">Maria was stolen.</sentence><sentence id="1031">She was an import.</sentence><sentence id="1032">We brought her, too.</sentence><sentence id="1033">And she was born in <span class="POPULATED_PLACE">Richmond</span>; and when she was two and one half, not quite three, whenever I took her to the <span class="BUILDING">grocery store</span> and she saw a lady, she asked her would she be my grandmother.</sentence><sentence id="1034">You know, I didn't mind; but she remembers.</sentence><sentence id="1035">My kids always asking, "Mama, why don't we have grandparents?</sentence><sentence id="1036">Why don't we have uncles?</sentence><sentence id="1037">Why don't we have cousins like other people have?"</sentence><sentence id="1038">And I was trying to explain.</sentence><sentence id="1039">I was sitting with them when they were a little bit older, sitting at a <span class="SPATIAL_OBJ">table</span> and telling them.</sentence><sentence id="1040">But I always broke down, and I start crying.</sentence><sentence id="1041">I couldn't finish.</sentence><sentence id="1042">Even now I cannot tell everything.</sentence><sentence id="1043">But they don't ask too much, because they read and know and listen.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="1059">Q: Is there anything else you would like to share with us?</sentence><sentence id="1060">Any other memories that have come back as we've talked about any of your stories?</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="1063">A: It's going to come back to me later.</sentence><sentence id="1064">Now I can't think, you know.</sentence><sentence id="1065">Yes.</sentence><sentence id="1066">Things like that should never happen.</sentence><sentence id="1067">People should care about each other.</sentence></p></dialogue><dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="1069">Q: Thank you very much.</sentence></p></dialogue><dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="1070">A: You're very welcome.</sentence><sentence id="1071">Thank you.</sentence></p></dialogue> |
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