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Legalizing marijuana could reinforce this trend.
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As more young people try legal marijuana, they might end up trying harder drugs.
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But it turns out that the real gateway to drug use comes much earlier, cigarettes.
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But if that's the case, how could making more drugs legal stop the use of hard drugs?
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At first, it's important to acknowledge that people don't use drugs because they're legal or not.
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If you want to buy any drug, you'll always find someone happy to sell.
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The real question is why do people develop an unhealthy relationship with drugs at all?
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Studies show that certain conditions make people especially vulnerable to drugs and addiction.
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Addicts take drugs to escape their problems,
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but drugs don't solve any of those problems and instead become a new problem.
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So some argue we need to take a completely different route.
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In 2001, Portugal had one of the worst drug problems in Europe,
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so it was desperate enough to try something radical.
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Possession and use of all illegal drugs was decriminalized.
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You would no longer be arrested.
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Instead, authorities launched a major health campaign.
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People who were found with a small amount were referred to support services
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Drug use was seen as a chronic disease, not a crime.
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The results were stunning.
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The number of people who tried drugs and kept using them fell from 44% to 28% by 2012.
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The use of hard drugs decreased, as well as HIV and hepatitis infections and overdoses.
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Making drugs legal might overall help society much more than it harms it.
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Marijuana is addictive and unhealthy.
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It needs to remain illegal to keep harm at a minimum.
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While marijuana addiction is more psychological than physical, it is still a real problem.
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The demand for treatment for marijuana addiction has more than doubled in the past decade alone.
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In total, about 10% of people who try marijuana will become addicted.
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This is also related to higher THC levels.
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A study released in 2017 tracked the potency of marijuana in Dutch coffee shops over a period of 16 years.
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For every 1% increase in THC, 60 more people entered treatment nationwide.
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In terms of negative health effects, some studies linked marijuana use to increased blood pressure and lung problems,
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while a 2016 study found that marijuana use was unrelated to physical health problems, except for a higher risk of gum disease.
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Some studies showed that marijuana use alters teenagers' brains and decreases their intelligence,
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but when more recent studies took drinking and smoking into account, the results were inconclusive.
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Overall, research shows that taking any drugs while the brain is still in development is bad for you.
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But the truth is we don't know yet how unhealthy marijuana is.
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We need more funding for research, which is hard to get while marijuana remains illegal.
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We can put what we know into perspective, though.
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16% of people who consume alcohol become alcoholics, and 32% of people who try cigarettes become smokers.
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We know for sure alcohol affects your brain, destroys your liver and causes cancer,
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while tobacco clogs your arteries, destroys your lungs and also causes cancer.
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3.3 million people die from alcohol abuse each year, while smoking kills more than 6 million people.
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Nobody is suggesting tobacco and alcohol are harmless just because they're legal.
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Also, nobody is seriously proposing to prohibit them, even though they are extremely dangerous.
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Legality is a way to exercise some control over them, especially when it comes to protecting young people.
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It's often much harder to buy legal drugs for teenagers than to buy illegal ones.
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Official sellers can get hefty fines and lose their license if they sell to underage kids.
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Legality creates incentives here that drug dealers can't exploit.
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So making marijuana legal doesn't mean endorsing it.
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It means taking responsibility for the risks it poses.
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It could also open the floodgates to tons of new research that shows us how harmful it really is and to whom.
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Marijuana is a drug, and just like any other drug, it has negative consequences for a sizable portion of the people who use it.
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It is not harmless.
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The best way to protect society from its negative consequences seems to be legalization and regulation.
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Kurzgesagt is lying to you in every video, even in this one,
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because our videos distill very complex subjects into flashy 10-minute pieces, and unfortunately, reality is, well, complicated.
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The question of how we deal with that is central to what we do on this channel, and something we think about a lot.
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What we mean by lying is the concept of lies to children.
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The idea that on the path to explaining something complicated, you start off with a little lie, a useful oversimplification, that makes it easier to grasp a concept.
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For example, as a kid you learn that the Earth is a sphere orbiting the Sun with planet buddies.
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But it's not actually a sphere, and the buddies are super different in size, and not close to each other at all.
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By beginning at a place of oversimplification, you're building a framework, a foundation that you can then build upon and add nuance and complexity later on.
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Step by step, you're getting towards the real gist of the complicated subject.
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Science communication has to use lies to children to some degree, or it turns into science education.
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And getting a proper education in all of the scientific fields would take years of intense study to become fluent in them.
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As a species, we have a major interest in summarizing science and its advancements, and educating as many people about it as possible,
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because we all benefit if more people have a fact-based scientific worldview.
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We will discuss what science is and how it works in different videos in more detail,
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but for now, let's just say it's a process to advance, organize, predict, and test our knowledge about the universe.
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If you understand the current state of scientific knowledge, then you can make better decisions based on facts and testable ideas,
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Our brains are comically ill-prepared to navigate the fast-moving world we happen to live in today, a world ironically created by science.
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A few hundred years ago, it was possible to be knowledgeable and expert-level in pretty much every field of study.
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In the information age, this is a futile endeavor, since knowledge and data are increasing exponentially.
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So to even have a chance of grasping the world we live in, we need summaries that give us, if not a true understanding of all the details, a solid overview.
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Explaining science to many people is not about enlightening the ignorant, but necessary for the progress of our species at large.
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To make this possible, we need to find metaphors and stories that capture the true nature of things as much as possible, while using a language that our brains can deal with.
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A great example here is physics.
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Quarks are often depicted as blue, red, and green, with different spins.
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But just saying spin and using colors forces our brain to imagine colorful spinning balls,
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Molecules are nothing like the neat diagrams that we're taught in school, but buzzing and vibrating entities held together by something we call charge,
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that describes how certain things want to be close or escape each other for some unknown reason.
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We're describing phenomena that we're pretty sure exist in some form or another,
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because the maths works out, and we can do real-world experiments and predict their results before we do them.
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In reality, these are models, tricks to summarize what we know, make up a coherent story, and prepare the ground for more in-depth explanations.
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Don't confuse the description of a thing for the thing itself.
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Simplifications like these are not just meant to dumb things down, they're actually useful for experts themselves.
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But the simplification of science can also be problematic for a bunch of reasons.
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Finding the true nature of reality is super hard, because our brains did not evolve for this job, and the universe doesn't care if we understand it.
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Science is a process to work towards gaining knowledge, and not an absolute truth generator.
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The answers it provides are multilayered and nuanced, and that complexity can get lost when it's simplified, especially when it's done so for headlines.
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An interesting cancer study turns into a potential cure, a healthy food becomes the basis for a new diet.
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Such simplifications give a misleading definiteness to science, which goes against its process-like nature.
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When cures don't materialize, and diets don't turn out to be magical, we lose confidence in science, and start to think of all science communication as misleading.
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Then there's the opposite effect.
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If a simplification is too engaging, if the story it tells is too good, it can distort the true complexity of a subject, and give you a false sense of security and an illusion of deep knowledge.
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And this can have negative consequences for all of us, because in the worst case, overconfidence in your own understanding of science can lead to bad decisions made with confidence.
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Just think of the surge of people that confidently disavow vaccines or climate change without truly understanding the subject matter.
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So considering all of this, and the fact that we at Kurzgesagt reach millions of people with our videos, how do we handle this?
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Well, it has been a journey, especially the research.
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When we started, we just read articles, then moved on to books, peer-reviewed papers, then to conversations with experts.
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