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Getting to space is hard. | [
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Right now it's like going up a mountain on a unicycle with a backpack full of explosives. | [
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Incredibly slow, you can't transport a lot of stuff and you might die. | [
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A rocket needs to reach a velocity of about 40,000 km an hour to escape from Earth. | [
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To get to that speed, rockets are mostly containers for fuel with a tiny tip of payload. | [
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This is bad if you want to go to other planets, because you need a lot of heavy stuff if you want to survive and maybe even come back. | [
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So is there a way to get to space with less fuel and more payload? | [
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A nice thing that solved most of our transport problems on Earth is what you call infrastructure. | [
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Whether it's roads for cars, ports for ships or rails for trains, we've made it easier to get to places. | [
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We can apply the same solution to space travel. | [
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Space infrastructure will make getting into orbit and out to the Moon, Mars and beyond easier and cheaper. | [
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Great, but what exactly is space infrastructure? | [
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there is a simple yet promising technology that does not require new science, magic materials or huge investments and that has been tested successfully in orbit already. | [
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The concept is so simple, it's surprising. | [
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This concept is known as the skyhook. | [
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It works even better if we make it spin. | [
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A counterweight holds a long cable in place while it rotates around a circle. | [
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A rotating tether slows down its tip relative to the ground at the bottom and speeds it up at the top like a catapult. | [
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This means that you can transfer energy from the tether and get a massive boost when released, more or less for free, equal to twice the tether's rotation velocity. | [
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Specialized fibers already exist that can survive the extraordinary stresses a skyhook would be faced with. | [
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To protect against cuts and collisions from debris and meteorites, we can thread our tether into a web of redundant fibers. | [
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Since our skyhook would pass over the same spot many times a day, this would allow small, reusable shuttles to catch up with it. | [
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At its lowest point, the tether's tip is dashing through the atmosphere at around 12,000 kilometers per hour. | [
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Because of Earth's atmosphere, we can't lower the skyhook too much or it will get too hot from air friction. | [
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To match this, we'll need specialized spacecraft that can get to the tether. | [
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There's only a short time window of 60 to 90 seconds to find a tiny thing in the sky moving at Mach 12. | [
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As more and more ships latch onto it and pull themselves up, they use up the momentum that keeps it in place. | [
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Brilliant helps you end your day a little smarter. | [
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Just like most people don't drink an after-work bottle of vodka, | [
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many people would gladly consume the after-work beer version of marijuana. | [
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Argument 2. Marijuana is a gateway drug. | [
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