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But the real boss of the solar system is the Sun. | [
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A billion times smaller than you, clearly the boss of our body, is a DNA strand containing all the information making your life possible. | [
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You're right in the middle between the most important factors keeping everything alive. | [
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From here on, things just kind of stop making sense. | [
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A billion is already too much, but now everything just seems to mean a lot. | [
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The supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy, Sagittarius A-star, is 14.5 billion times bigger than you. | [
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A hydrogen atom is 15.5 billion times smaller than you. | [
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But the thing is, we're not even close to being done, and it's not impossible to get at least a sense of how these scale. | [
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The solar system is 22 trillion times larger than you. | [
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On the other end of the scale is the wavelength of low-energy neutrinos released from fusion reactions in our Sun. | [
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About 100 trillion of them are passing through you every single second, like ghosts a trillion times smaller than you, basically never hitting any of the particles inside you. | [
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If you moved through the solar system in a straight line, you probably wouldn't hit anything either. | [
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Although things are beginning to get really weird now. | [
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A single proton at the heart of the hydrogen atom is almost exactly one quadrillion times smaller than you. | [
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If the proton were as big as you, the hydrogen atoms would be taller than 12 Mount Everest's. | [
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On the other end, we meet something that just breaks human brains, the incredible vastness of space. | [
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We just have no reference for these distances at all. | [
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The distance to the closest star to Earth, Alpha Centauri, is not one quadrillion times in the other direction from the tiny proton, but 24 quadrillion. | [
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A quintillion times smaller than you is the strange world of the quarks. | [
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The ocean of quarks in a proton, inside a single atom of a single cell of your body, is as small to you as you are compared to a sphere around 174 light years across, containing about 16,000 stars. | [
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The Milky Way is close to one sextillion times larger than you. | [
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If you were the size of our galaxy, the observable universe would only be a day's drive across. | [
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A proton traveling so close to the speed of light, it got squished into a pancake. | [
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That's why they've now spent over 15 years researching charitable organizations and only direct funding to a few of the highest-impact opportunities they've found in global health and poverty alleviation, and why we trust their judgment. | [
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If you've never donated through GiveWell before, you can have your donation matched up to $100 before the end of the year or as long as matching funds last. | [
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To claim your match, go to givewell.org, pick YouTube, and enter Kurzgesagt and check out to get your donation matched. | [
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We wish you a peaceful and cozy turn of the year. | [
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See you back at full throttle in January. | [
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When we think about alien civilizations, we tend to look into the vastness of space, to faraway planets. | [
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we changed the face of the planet, cleared forests and constructed cities and temples for our gods at breathtaking speeds and scales. | [
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The oldest large-scale surface is the Negev Desert, a meager 1.8 million years old. | [
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Our age, the Anthropocene, will be a layer only a few centimeters thick in a few million years. | [
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If there were aliens before us and they too went through these three phases, what would remain of them? | [
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We actually know that in the last few million years there were hunter-gatherer aliens. | [
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They left fragments of their bodies, of weapons and tools and even art. | [
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We talked about how unlikely the process of fossilization is in more detail in our dinosaur video. | [
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because they used more sophisticated tools made from sturdier materials and had to feed millions, leaving many more artifacts. | [
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Farming allowed them to specialize and develop tech from writing to navigation, architecture, and government. | [
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Over thousands of years, city-states became kingdoms and empires, some existing for millennia before they fell. | [
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