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Cervical spine motion in manual versus Jackson table turning methods in a cadaveric global instability model.

STUDY DESIGN: A study of spine biomechanics in a cadaver model.OBJECTIVE: To quantify motion in multiple axes created by transfer methods from stretcher to operating table in the prone position in a cervical global instability model.SUMMARY OF THE BACKGROUND DATA: Patients with an unstable cervical spine remain at high risk for further secondary injury until their spine is adequately surgically stabilized. Previous studies have revealed that collars have significant, but limited benefit in preventing cervical motion when manually transferring patients. The literature proposes multiple methods of patient transfer, although no one method has been universally adopted. To date, no study has effectively evaluated the relationship between spine motion and various patient transfer methods to an operating room table for prone positioning.METHODS: A global instability was surgically created at C5-6 in 4 fresh cadavers with no history of spine pathology. All cadavers were tested both with and without a rigid cervical collar in the intact and unstable state. Three headrest permutations were evaluated Mayfield (SM USA Inc), Prone View (Dupaco, Oceanside, CA), and Foam Pillow (OSI, Union City, CA). A trained group of medical staff performed each of 2 transfer methods: the "manual" and the "Jackson table" transfer. The manual technique entailed performing a standard rotation of the supine patient on a stretcher to the prone position on the operating room table with in-line manual cervical stabilization. The "Jackson" technique involved sliding the supine patient to the Jackson table (OSI, Union City, CA) with manual in-line cervical stabilization, securing them to the table, then initiating the table's lock and turn mechanism and rotating them into a prone position. An electromagnetic tracking device captured angular motion between the C5 and C6 vertebral segments. Repeated measures statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the following conditions: collar use (2 levels), headrest (3 levels), and turning technique (2 levels).RESULTS: For all measures, there was significantly more cervical spine motion during manual prone positioning compared with using the Jackson table. The use of a collar provided a slight reduction in motion in all the planes of movement; however, this was only significantly different from the no collar condition in axial rotation. Differences in gross motion between the headrest type were observed in lateral bending (Foam Pillow<Prone View, P=0.045), medial lateral translation (Foam Pillow<Mayfield, P=0.032), and anterior posterior translation (Prone View<Mayfield, P=0.030).CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that the manual transfer technique produces 2 to 3 times more cervical spine angular motion than the Jackson table method of transfer. The use of a collar provides significant benefit in limiting spine motion that is only observed in axial rotation. Choice of headrest does have a significant effect on the amount of motion allowed during turning, with the Foam Pillow and Prone View generally providing more effective stabilization compared with the Mayfield.

['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Cadaver', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Humans', 'Joint Instability', 'Operating Rooms', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Rotation', 'Supine Position', 'Surgical Equipment', 'Transportation of Patients']

[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['A02.835.232.834.151'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.521'], ['N02.278.388.700'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['G01.482.703'], ['G11.427.695.625'], ['E07.858'], ['E02.365.839', 'N02.421.297.879']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

[Diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta after implantation of a valved conduit by multiplane transesophageal echocardiography].

In a 48-year-old male patient with Marfan syndrome who underwent composite graft replacement of the ascending aorta and the aortic valve with reimplantation of the coronary arteries a cardiac enlargement was detected by routine chest x-ray. Transthoracal echocardiography showed a pseudoaneurysm around the composite graft. The examination with a multiplane transesophageal echocardiographic probe demonstrated a systolic-diastolic jet into the pseudoaneurysm with the site of origin at the ostium of the right coronary artery.

['Aneurysm, False', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic', 'Aortic Valve Insufficiency', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Echocardiography, Transesophageal', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Graft Occlusion, Vascular', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Marfan Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Reoperation']

[['C14.907.055.090'], ['C14.907.055.239.125', 'C14.907.109.139.125'], ['C14.280.484.048.500'], ['E07.695.110'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.235', 'E01.370.350.850.220.235', 'E01.370.370.380.220.235'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C23.550.767.400'], ['E07.695.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.116.099.674', 'C14.240.400.725', 'C14.280.400.725', 'C16.131.077.550', 'C16.131.240.400.720', 'C16.320.540', 'C17.300.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.690']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']

Endosulfan upregulates AP-1 binding and ARE-mediated transcription via ERK1/2 and p38 activation in HepG2 cells.

Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide and has been implicated in neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunosuppression and teratogenicity. However, the molecular mechanism of endosulfan toxicity is not yet clear. Recent studies demonstrated that oxidative stress induced by endosulfan is involved in its toxicity and accumulating evidence suggests that endosulfan can modulate the activities of stress-responsive signal transduction pathways including extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2. However, none of the previous studies investigated the ability of endosulfan to modulate activating protein-1 (AP-1) binding and antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated transcription as an underlying mechanism of endosulfan toxicity. In this report, we show that treatment of HepG2 cells with endosulfan significantly increased oxidative stress-responsive transcription via AP-1 activation. In addition, endosulfan-induced transcription was enhanced in cells depleted of glutathione by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) treatment. Exposure to endosulfan resulted in a significant increase in the activities of MAPKs, ERK1/2 and p38. Endosulfan-induced increases in enzymatic activities of these MAPKs were consistent with MAPK phosphorylation. Endosulfan exposure also caused an increase in c-Jun phosphorylation. These results suggest a model for endosulfan toxicity in which endosulfan increases ERK1/2 and p38 activities and these activated MAPKs then increase c-Jun phosphorylation. Phosphorylated c-Jun, in turn, increases AP-1 activity, which results in activation of ARE-mediated transcription.

['Endosulfan', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Hep G2 Cells', 'Humans', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Transcription Factor AP-1', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Up-Regulation', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']

[['D02.886.092.408', 'D03.633.100.197.408'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['A11.251.860.180.432', 'A11.436.348.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.500', 'D12.644.360.450.169.500', 'D12.776.476.450.169.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.750', 'D12.644.360.450.169.750', 'D12.776.476.450.169.750'], ['D12.776.260.108.875', 'D12.776.930.127.875'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G05.308.800'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

A qualitative study among injection drug using women in Rhode Island: attitudes toward testing, treatment, and vaccination for hepatitis and HIV.

HIV and hepatitis C virus infection are serious and prevalent health conditions among many women who inject drugs. Qualitative interviews with 20 injection drug using women at a short term drug treatment center in Rhode Island revealed six primary barriers and facilitators for testing and receiving results and treatment for hepatitis and HIV, as well as for hepatitis vaccination. The primary barriers were prioritization of drug use; low level of disease-specific knowledge; stigmatization; accessibility of testing, results and treatment; and psychological factors. The primary facilitator was interest in promoting one's health. Our findings indicate that injection drug using women experience multiple barriers to HIV and hepatitis testing, results, treatment and vaccination. Methods for improving the motivators for health, facilitating infectious disease prevention, and decreasing unnecessary disease complications of injection drug using women need to be utilized. These methods should include strategies that minimize stigma and facilitate accessibility of health care.

['AIDS Serodiagnosis', 'Adult', 'Attitude to Health', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B Vaccines', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Substance Abuse, Intravenous', 'Vaccination']

[['E01.370.225.812.735.060', 'E01.370.225.875.408.500', 'E05.200.812.735.060', 'E05.200.875.408.500', 'E05.478.594.760.060'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['D20.215.894.899.955.400'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['C25.775.793', 'F03.900.793'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']

Everolimus dramatically improves glycemic control in unresectable metastatic insulinoma: a case report.

Hypoglycemia poses a significant management challenge in patients with unresectable metastatic insulinoma. A 57-year-old woman with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with multiple liver metastases was referred to our institution. During the clinical course of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, she had experienced palpitations, cold sweats and faintness between meals that indicated her tumors had attained the characteristics of an insulinoma, and her quality of life was impacted by frequent hypoglycemic episodes which could not be prevented by conventional therapies. Shortly after the approval of everolimus for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in Japan, we began oral administration at 10 mg per day, which produced a rapid and substantial improvement in glycemic control. The serum insulin level decreased dramatically despite the tumor size remaining stable on computed tomography evaluation. Despite a dose reduction of everolimus to 5 mg per day in response to the adverse reaction of interstitial pneumonitis and a subsequent moderate increase in the serum insulin level, the patient has maintained normoglycemia for a year. Everolimus might represent the treatment of choice for unresectable insulinoma in terms of not only tumor stabilization but also glycemic control.

['Administration, Oral', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Blood Glucose', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Everolimus', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Insulin', 'Insulinoma', 'Japan', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Quality of Life', 'Sirolimus', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['E02.319.267.100'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E02.319.283'], ['D02.540.505.760.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.984'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['C04.557.470.035.100.852', 'C04.588.274.761.249.500', 'C04.588.322.475.249.500', 'C06.301.761.249.500', 'C06.689.667.249.500', 'C19.344.421.249.500'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['D02.540.505.760'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]']

Rate and onset cues can improve cochlear implant synthetic vowel recognition in noise.

Understanding speech-in-noise is difficult for most cochlear implant (CI) users. Speech-in-noise segregation cues are well understood for acoustic hearing but not for electric hearing. This study investigated the effects of stimulation rate and onset delay on synthetic vowel-in-noise recognition in CI subjects. In experiment I, synthetic vowels were presented at 50, 145, or 795 pulse/s and noise at the same three rates, yielding nine combinations. Recognition improved significantly if the noise had a lower rate than the vowel, suggesting that listeners can use temporal gaps in the noise to detect a synthetic vowel. This hypothesis is supported by accurate prediction of synthetic vowel recognition using a temporal integration window model. Using lower rates a similar trend was observed in normal hearing subjects. Experiment II found that for CI subjects, a vowel onset delay improved performance if the noise had a lower or higher rate than the synthetic vowel. These results show that differing rates or onset times can improve synthetic vowel-in-noise recognition, indicating a need to develop speech processing strategies that encode or emphasize these cues.

['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Audiometry, Speech', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cochlear Implantation', 'Cochlear Implants', 'Comprehension', 'Correction of Hearing Impairment', 'Cues', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Loudness Perception', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Noise', 'Pattern Recognition, Physiological', 'Perceptual Masking', 'Persons With Hearing Impairments', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Psychoacoustics', 'Recognition, Psychology', 'Speech Acoustics', 'Speech Intelligibility', 'Speech Perception', 'Time Factors']

[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.060'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E04.580.450.220', 'E04.650.220'], ['E07.305.250.319.381.500.500', 'E07.695.150', 'E07.695.202.381.500.500', 'E07.814.458.150'], ['F02.463.188.357'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.200', 'E02.831.200', 'H02.403.680.600.500', 'N02.421.784.377'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['E05.723.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593.071.576', 'G07.888.125.576'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.750.770.776.567', 'G16.500.275.600', 'N06.230.400', 'N06.850.460.610'], ['F02.463.593.524'], ['F02.463.593.071.594', 'F02.463.593.932.733', 'G07.888.125.594'], ['M01.150.750'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.530', 'E01.370.685.628', 'F04.096.753.628'], ['F02.463.425.540.706'], ['G11.561.812.650', 'G11.561.820'], ['F01.145.209.908.677.610', 'G11.561.812.686'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875'], ['G01.910.857']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Synthesis and evaluation of water-soluble paclitaxel prodrugs.

A series of water-soluble 2'-paclitaxel prodrugs were synthesized by attaching paclitaxel to polyethylene glycol (PEG) through amino acid spacers. The prodrugs showed highly improved water solubility, enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activity compared with the native drug, paclitaxel.

['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Survival', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Paclitaxel', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Prodrugs', 'Solubility', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']

[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.346'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['E01.370.225.500.388', 'E05.200.500.388', 'E05.242.417', 'E05.337.550.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D26.675'], ['G02.805'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A11.251.860']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Inactivation mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria in several matrixes during the composting process in a composting toilet.

This study aimed to compare the inactivation rate and the mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria in three matrixes (sawdust, rice husk and charcoal) during the composting process. The inactivation rate was evaluated with Escherichia coli strain and the damaged parts and/or functions were evaluated with three different media. Normalized inactivation rate constant in three media and from three matrixes had no significant difference in each process (pure, 1 month and 2 months). The value in rice husk was relatively increased during 2 months but there was no significant difference. The inactivation rate constants of Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) and Compact Dry E. coli/Coliform in pure sawdust and rice husk were relatively lower than that of Desoxycholate Agar, but increased in 2 months. This indicated that damaging part was changed from outer membrane to enzymes and metabolisms during the 2-month composting process. In the case of charcoal, only the TSA value in apure matrix was relatively lower than that of others, but it increased in 2 months. This indicated that damaging part was changed from outer membrane and enzyme to metabolisms during the composting process. Composting matrix and composting process did not significantly affect inactivation rate of pathogenic bacteria during the process but affected the damaging part of the bacteria.

['Agar', 'Animals', 'Bacteria', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Charcoal', 'Escherichia coli', 'Feces', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Oryza', 'Sewage', 'Soil', 'Soybeans', 'Swine', 'Trypsin', 'Wood']

[['D09.698.360.041'], ['B01.050'], ['B03'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['D01.268.150.150'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['A12.459'], ['G02.300'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895'], ['A18.450.500.500', 'J01.637.241.900']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

On the diurnal rhythm of activity of Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linne, 1758).

The diurnal rhythm of activity of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linn?, 1758)) is examined under artificial and natural circumstances. Two male rabbits were examined actographically in special registration cages in artificial and natural light. A population of rabbits was observed in nature and its rhythm of activity investigated by different methods: counting the animals and marking their burrows. The rabbit shows a diurnal rhythm of activity with a main maximum just after sunset and a secondary maximum at sunrise. With artificial light the rabbit has a different rhythm than with natural light. The importance of the choice of the parameter of activity is shown, as is the fact that a change of the actual timegiver brings about greater changes than its absence.

['Animals', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Housing, Animal', 'Light', 'Male', 'Population', 'Rabbits']

[['B01.050'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['J03.340.250', 'N06.230.150.360.250'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['N01.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']

Biochemical characterization of mouse brain necdin.

Necdin is a protein encoded by neural differentiation-specific mRNA derived from embryonal carcinoma cells (P19). Necdin of mouse brain was characterized by Western blotting and silver-staining analysis by using affinity purified antibodies to 17 synthetic peptides of deduced C-terminal amino acids. Necdin exhibits a molecular mass of 51 kDa on SDS/PAGE, and is localized in the S1 and S2 nucleosomal fractions. Sonicated necdin is found in all fractions of Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration chromatography, with a peak at 700 kDa. Necdin is released on microsomal nuclease digestion, which is essential for electrophoretic migration on acetic acid/urea/Triton gels, suggesting that it could be a DNA-binding protein. Nucleosomal necdin shows two peaks at approx. 10 S and approx. 20 S on sucrose gradient centrifugation in the presence of 0.6 M NaCl, and a single peak in the presence of 2.0 M NaCl. Necdin forms a huge complex through chemical cross-linking with glutaraldehyde or dimethyl sulphate. The silver-staining intensity of the 51 kDa band corresponds to the decrease in the immuno-staining in a reagent concentration-dependent manner. Necdin binds tightly to a double-stranded DNA affinity chromatography column, and can be eluted from it with 2.0 M NaCl after washing with 0.6 M NaCl (approx. 100 ng per ml of gel). This purified necdin exhibits of pI of 9.1 on isoelectric focusing. The nucleosomal necdin complex (>200 kDa) was adsorbed on an organomercurial agarose affinity chromatography column and was eluted with 10 mM DTT, revealing that necdin is possibly involved in the transactive nucleosomal complex. These data show that necdin is a nuclear basic DNA-binding protein that associates with other molecules to regulate transcriptionally active genes and nuclear function.

['Aging', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Brain', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Carcinoma, Embryonal', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Centrifugation, Density Gradient', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Isoelectric Focusing', 'Mice', 'Molecular Weight', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Nucleosomes', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']

[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['C04.557.465.200'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['E05.181.724.336', 'E05.196.941.336'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['E05.196.401.250', 'E05.301.300.230'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['E05.196.401.663', 'E05.301.300.663'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.776.624'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D12.776.660'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180.625', 'D12.776.664.224.550', 'G05.360.160.180.625'], ['A11.251.860']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Photoperiodic control of antler cycles in deer. V. Reversed seasons.

Newborn and weanling fawns were held under reversed annual light cycles to learn if the subsequent replacement of their antlers would coincide with the anniversary of their births, as occurs in nature, or adapt to the artificial seasons of increasing day lengths even when these fall at the "wrong" time of year. The first sets of antlers developed at approximately the normal age when the deer were yearlings. These antlers, however, were shed and replaced half a year earlier than would otherwise have occurred under natural environmental conditions. It is concluded that the onset of renewed antler growth is not a response to every other time the photoperiod increases or decreases, but is triggered by lengthening days, irrespective of the age of the deer.

['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Antlers', 'Deer', 'Horns', 'Light', 'Male', 'Seasons']

[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['A13.507.288'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.373'], ['A13.507'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525']]

['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Phenolic constituents from Perovskia atriplicifolia.

Perovskoate, an isorinic acid derivative (1) and perovskoside, the catechol derivative (2) have been isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the whole plant of Perovskia atriplicifolia and assigned the structure 3(7-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy propanoic acid; (R)-form, 2-O-(6',7'-dihydroxy-E-cinnamoyl) (1) and 2-methoxy-4-(undecyl-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl) phenol (2). In addition, caffeic acid (3) and ferulic acid (4) have been reported for the first time from this species. The structures of these compounds were assigned on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The compound 1 showed significant inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase and weak to moderate activity against cholinesterases.

['Caffeic Acids', 'Catechols', 'Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'Coumaric Acids', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'Lactates', 'Lamiaceae', 'Lipoxygenase Inhibitors', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Phenols', 'Propionates']

[['D02.241.223.200.054'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.166'], ['D27.505.519.389.275', 'D27.505.519.625.120.300', 'D27.505.696.577.120.300'], ['D02.241.223.200.210'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520'], ['D27.505.519.389.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D02.241.081.751', 'D10.251.400.706']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']

Suppression of HSP70 expression sensitizes NSCLC cell lines to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by upregulating DR4 and DR5 and downregulating c-FLIP-L expressions.

Many cancer cell types are resistant to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. Here, we examined whether HSP70 suppression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) sensitized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrated that HSP70 suppression by siRNA sensitized NSCLC cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by upregulating the expressions of death receptor 4 (DR4) and death receptor 5 (DR5) through activating NF-êB, JNK, and, subsequently, p53, consequently significantly amplifying TRAIL-mediated caspase-8 processing and activity, cytosolic translocation of cytochrome c, and cell death. Consistently, the pro-apoptotic proteins Bad and Bax were upregulated, while the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was downregulated. The luciferase activity of the DR4 promoter was blocked by a NF-êB pathway inhibitor BAY11-7082, suggesting that NF-êB activation plays an important role in the transcriptional upregulation of DR4. Additionally, HSP70 suppression inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, AKT, and PKC, thereby downregulating c-FLIP-L. A549 xenografts in mice receiving HSP70 siRNA showed TRAIL-induced cell death and increased DR4/DR5 levels and reduced tumor growth. The combination of psiHSP70 gene therapy with TRAIL also significantly increased the survival benefits induced by TRAIL therapy alone. Interestingly, HSP27 siRNA and TRAIL together could not suppress tumor growth or prolong the survival of tumor-bearing mice significantly, although the combination could efficiently induce the apoptosis of A549 cells in vitro. Our findings suggest that HSP70 suppression or downregulation might be promising to overcome TRAIL resistance in cancer.

['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Down-Regulation', 'HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand', 'TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand', 'Tumor Burden', 'Up-Regulation']

[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.644.360.024.285.024', 'D12.644.360.024.500.024', 'D12.644.360.075.421.024', 'D12.776.157.057.018.024', 'D12.776.476.075.421.024'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D12.776.580.216.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D12.776.543.750.690.600', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.396'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.625', 'D12.776.467.374.750.625', 'D23.529.374.750.625'], ['E05.041.124.892'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Voclosporin food effect and single oral ascending dose pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in healthy human subjects.

Voclosporin (VCS) is a novel calcineurin (CN) inhibitor intended for prevention of organ graft rejection and treatment of lupus nephritis. These studies evaluated the single ascending dose pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD, CN activity) of VCS and the effect of food. VCS was administered orally in single doses of 0.25 through 4.5 mg/kg in 62 subjects in the single ascending dose study and as a single oral 1.5 mg/kg dose to 18 subjects after fasting, consumption of a low-fat and high-fat meal. Non-compartmental PK, PD, and PKPD correlation were evaluated. Following single oral doses, systemic exposure increased in a linear manner and demonstrated 1:1 dose-proportional, first-order linear PK above 1.5 mg/kg. VCS inhibited CN activity in a dose-related fashion with maximal inhibition peaking at 3.0 mg/kg. PKPD correlation indicated an EC50 of 78.3 ± 6.8 ng/mL. Administration of VCS with a low-fat and high-fat meal decreased C(max) by 29% and 53%, respectively, and AUC(inf) by 15% and 25%, respectively. Following ascending single doses of VCS, exposure increased in a linear fashion. A food effect on exposure was demonstrated, with a more pronounced effect following a high-fat meal. VCS concentrations were also found to correlate with CN activity.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Calcineurin Inhibitors', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Cyclosporine', 'Diet, Fat-Restricted', 'Diet, High-Fat', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Fasting', 'Female', 'Food-Drug Interactions', 'Healthy Volunteers', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.519.389.174'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['E02.642.249.260', 'G07.203.650.240.260'], ['G07.203.650.240.267'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['F01.145.407.400', 'G07.203.650.240.587', 'G07.203.650.353.400'], ['G07.690.773.968.511'], ['M01.774.500', 'M01.955.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']

A novel and easy-to-prepare strontium(II) modified calcium phosphate bone cement with enhanced mechanical properties.

The aim of this study was to evaluate two different approaches to obtaining strontium-modified calcium phosphate bone cements (SrCPCs) without elaborate synthesis of Sr-containing calcium phosphate species as cement precursors that could release biologically effective doses of Sr(2+) and thus could improve the healing of osteoporotic bone defects. Using strontium carbonate as a strontium(II) source, it was introduced into a hydroxyapatite-forming cement either by the addition of SrCO3 to an á-tricalcium phosphate-based cement precursor mixture (A-type) or by substitution of CaCO3 by SrCO3 during precursor composition (S-type). The cements, obtained after setting in a water-saturated atmosphere, contained up to 2.2at.% strontium in different distribution patterns as determined by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The setting time of CPC and A-type cements was in the range of 6.5-7.5min and increased for substitution-type cements (12.5-13.0min). Set cements had an open porosity between 26 and 42%. Compressive strength was found to increase from 29MPa up to 90% in substituted S-type cements (58MPa). SrCPC samples released between 0.45 and 1.53mgg(-1) Sr(2+) within 21days and showed increased radiopacity. Based on these findings, the SrCPC developed in this study could be beneficial for the treatment of defects of systemically impaired (e.g. osteoporotic) bone.

['Bone Cements', 'Calcium Phosphates', 'Compressive Strength', 'Elastic Modulus', 'Hardness', 'Materials Testing', 'Porosity', 'Strontium', 'Tensile Strength', 'Viscosity']

[['D05.750.716.822.300', 'D25.720.716.822.300', 'D27.720.102.158', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.300'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075', 'D01.146.360', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075'], ['G01.374.180'], ['G01.374.590.605'], ['G01.374.647'], ['E05.570'], ['G01.374.710'], ['D01.268.552.850', 'D01.268.556.825', 'D01.552.539.861', 'D01.552.544.825'], ['G01.374.850'], ['G02.930']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Regulation of rat cytochrome P450C24 (CYP24) gene expression. Evidence for functional cooperation of Ras-activated Ets transcription factors with the vitamin D receptor in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-mediated induction.

Transcription of the rat CYP24 gene is induced by 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)) through two vitamin D response elements (VDREs). A functional Ras-dependent Ets-binding site (EBS) was located downstream from the proximal VDRE and was critical to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-mediated induction. Cotransfection of Ets-1 and Ets-2 stimulated induction, which was lost when the EBS was mutated. Multiple nuclear-protein complexes from COS-1 cells bound to the EBS in which three complexes were immunologically related to Ets-1. Transcriptional synergy was observed between the proximal VDRE and adjacent EBS as was the attendant formation of a ternary complex between vitamin D receptor- retinoid X receptor (VDR. RXR) and Ets-1. In the absence of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) or in the presence of an inactive proximal VDRE, the EBS failed to respond to exogenous Ets-1. However, Ets-1 increased basal expression when cotransfected with a mutant VDR. The inductive action of 1, 25-(OH)(2)D(3) was substantially increased by Ras, which was ablated by mutagenesis of the EBS or by expression of a mutated Ets-1 protein (T38A). EBS contribution to hormone induction was prevented by manumycin A, an inhibitor of Ras farnesylation. A fundamental role was established for transcriptional cooperation between Ras-activated Ets proteins and the VDR.RXR complex in mediating 1, 25-(OH)(2)D(3) action on the CYP24 promoter.

['Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Calcitriol', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Dimerization', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Calcitriol', 'Receptors, Retinoic Acid', 'Response Elements', 'Retinoid X Receptors', 'Steroid Hydroxylases', 'Transcription Factor AP-1', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase', 'ras Proteins']

[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.387.300', 'D10.570.938.146.478.387.300'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['G05.308.320'], ['D12.776.660'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.260.665.100', 'D12.776.624.664.700.175.100', 'D12.776.930.720.100'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D12.776.260.665', 'D12.776.624.664.700.175', 'D12.776.930.720'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.842.500', 'D12.644.360.400.842.500', 'D12.776.476.400.842.500', 'D12.776.624.664.700.204.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.826.535'], ['D12.776.826.701', 'D12.776.930.775'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330.700', 'G02.111.570.080.689.675.700', 'G05.360.080.689.330.700', 'G05.360.080.689.675.700', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249.765', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680.765'], ['D12.776.826.701.500', 'D12.776.930.775.500'], ['D08.244.453.915', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.915', 'D12.776.422.220.453.915'], ['D12.776.260.108.875', 'D12.776.930.127.875'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G05.308.800'], ['D08.244.453.496.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.469.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.496.500'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.500', 'D12.644.360.525.500', 'D12.776.157.325.515.500', 'D12.776.476.525.500']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Imaging the central conducting lymphatics: initial experience with dynamic MR lymphangiography.

PURPOSE: To describe a dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) lymphangiography technique after intranodal injection of gadolinium-based contrast agent and to assess its feasibility for evaluation of the central conducting lymphatics (CCL) in patients with pathologic disorders that involve the CCL.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of experience with the dynamic MR lymphangiographic technique in six consecutive patients was performed after institutional review board approval. Written informed consent for the percutaneous procedure was obtained from the patient, parent, or the legally responsible guardian. The dynamic MR lymphangiographic technique involves ultrasonographically guided intranodal injection of gadolinium-based contrast material into the inguinal lymph nodes, combined with sequential imaging of the chest and abdomen with a three-dimensional sequence optimized for soft tissue with high spatial resolution that provides time-resolved imaging of lymphatic transit through the CCL. Qualitative assessment of the images was performed for reliability of CCL visualization and for associated findings that could explain the clinical symptoms, including lymphangiectasia, chylolymphatic reflux, and chylous leak.RESULTS: The procedure was technically successful in all six patients. The dynamic MR lymphangiographic findings confirmed the presence of normal CCL morphologic structure in two patients and provided a possible explanation for clinical manifestations in the remaining four patients. The dynamic MR lymphangiographic procedure led to a change in management in two patients, continuation of conservative treatment in three patients, and confirmation of an alternative nonlymphatic diagnosis in one patient. Image quality for visualization of the CCL was considered good in all cases by the two readers. There were no known adverse effects related to the procedure.CONCLUSION: The dynamic MR lymphangiographic technique with intranodal injection of gadolinium-based contrast material is feasible and can provide useful information in a variety of lymphatic flow abnormalities involving the CCL.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Contrast Media', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Gadolinium DTPA', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intralesional', 'Lymphatic Diseases', 'Lymphatic Vessels', 'Lymphography', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['D02.092.782.590.401', 'D02.241.081.018.639.400', 'D02.257.141'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.430'], ['C15.604'], ['A15.382.520.301'], ['E01.370.350.700.475'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Acute respiratory distress syndrome following cutaneous exposure to Lysol: a case report.

Lysol (mixed cresols) is a brand of popular detergent commonly used to disinfect toilets and floors in Taiwan. We report a patient with acute respiratory failure immediately following chemical burns caused by skin contact with Lysol solution. On admission, chest radiography showed bilateral diffuse pulmonary infiltrates and an arterial blood gas analysis disclosed hypoxemia refractory to a high concentration of oxygen by inhalation. Under the impression of acute respiratory distress syndrome, our patient was admitted to the intensive care unit for respiratory care. Poor clinical improvement was noted, despite aggressive respiratory therapy. High-dose steroid therapy (hydrocortisone 30 mg/kg/day) was administered from the seventh day after mechanical ventilation began and the ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired gas improved thereafter. The amount of steroid was gradually tapered to the maintenance dose and the patient was successfully weaned from the ventilator after a 93-day course of mechanical ventilation.

['Adult', 'Cresols', 'Disinfectants', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome', 'Skin']

[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.239'], ['D27.505.954.122.425', 'D27.720.274'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.840', 'C08.618.840'], ['A17.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Proteomic characterization of Helicobacter pylori CagA antigen recognized by child serum antibodies and its epitope mapping by peptide array.

Serum antibodies against pathogenic bacteria play immunologically protective roles, and can be utilized as diagnostic markers of infection. This study focused on Japanese child serum antibodies against Helicobacter pylori, a chronically-infected gastric bacterium which causes gastric cancer in adults. Serological diagnosis for H. pylori infection is well established for adults, but it needs to be improved for children. Serum samples from 24 children, 22 H. pylori (Hp)-positive and 2 Hp-negative children, were used to catalogue antigenic proteins of a Japanese strain CPY2052 by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by immunoblot and LC-MS/MS analysis. In total, 24 proteins were identified as candidate antigen proteins. Among these, the major virulence factor, cytotoxin-associated gene A protein (CagA) was the most reactive antigen recognized by all the Hp-positive sera even from children under the age of 3 years. The major antigenic part of CagA was identified in the middle region, and two peptides containing CagA epitopes were identified using a newly developed peptide/protein-combined array chip method, modified from our previous protein chip method. Each of the epitopes was found to contain amino acid residue(s) unique to East Asian CagA. Epitope analysis of CagA indicated importance of the regional CagA antigens for serodiagnosis of H. pylori infection in children.

['Antigens, Bacterial', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Epitope Mapping', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Proteomics']

[['D23.050.161'], ['D12.776.097'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.478.274', 'E05.601.690.300'], ['C01.150.252.400.466'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Zombie tapeworms in late capitalism: accelerating clinical and reproductive labour in Mira Grant's Parasitology Trilogy.

Biomedicine is increasingly shaped by the speculative economical values of neoliberal capitalism. A key feature of this new bioeconomical regime is the patenting and circulation of organisms and tissue samples, allowing rapid commercialisation of bacterial, animal and human biomedical materials. When thinking about this trend towards commercialisation, we must consider the ways by which biomedicine has been shaped by economics to better address these exploitative relationships between medical researchers and subjects. These fraught questions of agency and exploitation can be addressed through the concept of clinical labour, a term Melinda Cooper and Catherine Waldby coined to discuss embodied forms of labour, including surrogacy, clinical trials and tissue economies, that dominate the post-Fordist biomedical economy. As a genre that extrapolates from contemporary technoscientific practices, science fiction is uniquely positioned to explore the ethics of biomedical research in this neoliberal speculative economy. Science fiction can give human-like agency and affect to microbial, animal and alien life, allowing modified organisms to speak and interact with their creators. Creating these dialogues between commercialised organisms and biomedical researchers makes clear the connections between contemporary clinical practice and exploitative labour relations, illuminating the more troubling aspects of the new bioeconomy and imagining alternatives to this system.

['Animals', 'Biomedical Research', 'Biotechnology', 'Capitalism', 'Cestoda', 'Commerce', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Humans', 'Literature, Modern', 'Parasitology', 'Reproduction', 'Science', 'Work']

[['B01.050'], ['H01.770.644.145'], ['H01.158.550', 'J01.897.120'], ['I01.261.100', 'I01.696.100'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.215'], ['J01.219'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['K01.517.533'], ['H01.158.273.688'], ['G08.686.784'], ['H01.770'], ['I03.946']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Analysis of a firn core for assessing POP seasonal accumulation on an Alpine glacier.

Organochlorine pesticides (DDTs, HCHs, HCB) and selected PCBs were analyzed in samples from a firn core drilled on the Lys Glacier (4240 m above sea level, Monte Rosa Group, Italian Alps) in Summer 2000. The samples covered a relatively short time interval (from 1997 to 2000) and a seasonal detail breakdown was possible. A probable seasonal trend was observed only for gamma-HCH, a pesticide currently used in some European countries. For all other chemicals, a seasonal trend was not evident, and this supports the hypothesis of the prevailing role of long-range transport in comparison with local emissions for POP pollution in high mountains. The role of temperature on air-snow exchange has also been highlighted.

['Environmental Monitoring', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated', 'Ice Cover', 'Italy', 'Pesticides', 'Seasons']

[['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D27.888.284'], ['D02.455.526.439'], ['G01.311.400', 'G16.500.275.410.500', 'N06.230.291.500'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['D27.720.031.700', 'D27.888.723'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525']]

['Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

[The anastomotic loop between recurrent laryngeal nerves: an anatomic reality].

The authors present the result of an anatomical study carried out on human laryngeal nerves. During the study, stressed not only were classic anatomical data relating to the morphology of the nervous system of the larynx, evidentiated and photographically documented, but the constant presence of an anastomotic nervous loop between the two recurrent nerves was revealed as well. This loop has been mentioned only in the most recent specialized Literature. Analysis was carried out on thirteen fresh anatomical models, taken from 13 corpses (7 men and 6 women aged from 48 to 84) during autopsy. The first phase dissection carefully eliminated those tissues not directly related to the nervous formations which were, however, subsequently analysed in detail. The superior laryngeal nerves, the recurrent nerves and the collateral ramification were then totally isolated. The anastomotic loop in question links the two recurrent nerves at the crossing of the oesophagus-tracheal virtual space. It appears to originate on the right as well as on the left side, respectively at the cervicodiastinal junction level and in the thorax. The anastomosis was isolated in each specimen. Its constant presence and its morphology should be proof enough of its being an anatomical and surgical reality. Only in one case did the loop pass in front of trachea instead of crossing the oesophagus-tracheal space, while maintaining, however, the same inclination and morphology. A future, wider study should focus on the understanding of the loop's function, as well as of its possible utilization in surgical therapy of laryngeal paralysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

['Aged', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Cadaver', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laryngeal Nerves', 'Larynx', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.035'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.800.050.050.925.450', 'A08.800.050.600.825.450', 'A08.800.800.060.920.450', 'A08.800.800.120.900.450'], ['A04.329'], ['M01.060.116.630']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Black thyroid: report of an autopsy case.

A distinctive but very rare side effect of exposure to minocycline is black pigmentation of the thyroid gland. Until 2002, not more than 30 cases of black thyroid had been reported in the English literature. We report on a 24-year-old woman with known antemortem ingestion of minocycline. The woman suffered from a depressive disorder with repeated suicide attempts and committed suicide by a gunshot to the head. At autopsy, the thyroid gland showed coal-black coloration. Upon histology, clumps of black-brown pigment were seen in the colloid, and a granular precipitate of this pigment was noted in the apical portions of the follicular epithelial cells. The diagnosis of minocycline-associated black thyroid was established. Forensic pathological significance of black thyroid may arise from the fact that hypothyroidism has been occasionally associated with minocycline-related black thyroid and that hypothyroidism may contribute to the development of depressive disorders (and thus, in given cases, may be responsible for suicide attempts). Under this assumption, the presence of black thyroid would represent more than just a morphological curiosity in specific cases.

['Adult', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Female', 'Forensic Pathology', 'Head Injuries, Penetrating', 'Humans', 'Minocycline', 'Pigmentation', 'Suicide', 'Thyroid Gland', 'Wounds, Gunshot']

[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['H02.403.330.300', 'H02.403.650.249', 'I01.198.780.937.460'], ['C10.900.300.675', 'C26.915.300.475', 'C26.986.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.550', 'D04.615.562.900.550'], ['E01.370.600.620', 'G16.690'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856'], ['A06.300.900'], ['C26.986.900']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Silica binds serum proteins resulting in a shift of the dose-response for silica-induced chemokine expression in an alveolar type II cell line.

There is a growing concern about whether the myriad of culture conditions, cell lines, and doses of nonfibrous and fibrous particles used in vitro are truly representative of the complex environment of the in vivo particle exposure situation. The use of serum as a supplement to the growth medium of cultured cells is a widely accepted practice. However, little is known about whether the various serum proteins may interact with the surfaces of particles, consequently altering their toxicity, inflammatory properties, or fibrogenicity, etc. observed in vivo. Using a murine alveolar type II cell line, MLE-15, we measured the early changes in various chemokine mRNA species following exposure of the cells to silica (cristobalite) in the presence or absence of serum. Total mRNA was isolated and assayed using an RNase protection assay after 6 h of particle exposure. We observed that the addition of serum to the culture media reduced the in vitro silica-induced chemokine response (i.e., shift in the dose-response curve) in MLE-15 cells. Further, using Western blot analysis and protein sequencing techniques, we have identified a specific serum component, apolipoprotein-A1 (apo-A1), as a protein in serum that binds selectively to silica, thus leading to the altered chemokine response. We also found that apo-A1 not only binds to silica but also binds to other nonfibrous and fibrous particles such as titanium dioxide and asbestos. These results demonstrate the importance of culture conditions for modifying the outcome of an experiment when performing in vitro particle exposure studies.

['Animals', 'Apolipoprotein A-I', 'Blood Proteins', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chemokines', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Macrophages, Alveolar', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Serum Albumin', 'Silicon Dioxide']

[['B01.050'], ['D10.532.091.200.100', 'D12.776.070.400.200.100', 'D12.776.521.120.200.100'], ['D12.776.124'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200', 'D23.125.300', 'D23.469.200', 'D23.529.374.200'], ['E05.196.401.153', 'E05.301.300.100'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['E05.481'], ['A11.329.372.600', 'A11.627.482.600', 'A11.733.397.600', 'A15.382.670.522.600', 'A15.382.680.397.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A04.411.715'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Chronic carbamazepine selectively downregulates cytosolic phospholipase A2 expression and cyclooxygenase activity in rat brain.

BACKGROUND: Carbamazepine is a mood stabilizer used as monotherapy or as an adjunct to lithium in the treatment of acute mania or the prophylaxis of bipolar disorder. Based on evidence that lithium and valproate, other mood stabilizers, reduce brain arachidonic acid turnover and its conversion via cyclooxygenase to prostaglandin E(2) in rat brain, one possibility is that carbamazepine also targets the arachidonic acid cascade.METHODS: To test this hypothesis, carbamazepine was administered to rats by intraperitoneal injection at a daily dose of 25 mg/kg for 30 days.RESULTS: Carbamazepine decreased brain phospholipase A(2) activity and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) protein and messenger RNA levels without changing significantly protein and activity levels of calcium-independent phospholipase A(2) or secretory phospholipase A(2). Cyclooxygenase activity was decreased in carbamazepine-treated rats without any change in cyclooxygenase-1 or cyclooxygenase-2 protein levels. Brain prostaglandin E(2) concentration also was reduced. The protein levels of other arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes, 5-lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 epoxygenase, were not significantly changed nor was the brain concentration of the 5-lipoxygenase product leukotriene B(4).CONCLUSIONS: Carbamazepine downregulates cytosolic phospholipase A(2)-mediated release of arachidonic acid and its subsequent conversion to prostaglandin E(2) by cyclooxygenase. These effects may contribute to its therapeutic actions in bipolar disorder.

['Analgesics, Non-Narcotic', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Brain', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Carbamazepine', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cytosol', 'Down-Regulation', 'Eicosanoids', 'Male', 'Phospholipases A', 'Phospholipases A2', 'Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']

[['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040', 'D27.505.954.427.040.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['D03.633.300.240.127'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D10.251.355.255', 'D23.469.050.175'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750.937'], ['D08.811.600.720', 'D08.811.682.690.708.715'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Treatment of complex foot deformities in children with the taylor spatial frame.

The Taylor spatial frame is a relatively new external fixator able to correct 6-axis deformities with computer accuracy using a virtual hinge. The Taylor spatial frame has gained tremendous popularity, but its use for the correction of foot deformities is still limited. Various ring configurations and a new foot program have recently become available and allow correction of the most difficult foot deformities. This article reports the results of 13 patients (15 frames) with various foot deformities treated at our institution with 3 different Taylor spatial frame configurations (standard rings construction, miter frame, and butt frame). Treatment goals were achieved in 11 patients, while mild residual deformities persisted in 2 patients. Most complications during treatment consisted of pin tract infections. One patient had premature consolidation, which was treated with additional midtarsal osteotomy; 1 had metatarsophalangeal joint subluxation, which was fixed with tendon lengthening and pining of the joint; and 1 had talar subluxation, which was reduced with residual program correction. Based on our experience, we believe the Taylor spatial frame is a very powerful and accurate surgical modality with a relatively short learning curve for the correction for most difficult foot deformities.

['Adolescent', 'Bone Nails', 'Bone Screws', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'External Fixators', 'Female', 'Foot Deformities', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['M01.060.057'], ['E07.695.370.249', 'E07.858.442.660.460.249', 'E07.858.690.725.460.249'], ['E07.695.370.437', 'E07.858.442.660.460.437', 'E07.858.690.725.460.437'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['E07.858.442.660.430', 'E07.858.690.725.430'], ['C05.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

Long noncoding RNA H19 mediates melatonin inhibition of premature senescence of c-kit(+) cardiac progenitor cells by promoting miR-675.

Melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, possesses multiple biological activities such as antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-ischemia. C-kit(+) cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have emerged as a promising tool for the treatment of heart diseases. However, the senescence of CPCs due to pathological stimuli leads to the decline of CPCs' functions and regenerative potential. This study was conducted to demonstrate whether melatonin antagonizes the senescence of CPCs in response to oxidative stress. Here, we found that the melatonin treatment markedly inhibited the senescent characteristics of CPCs after exposed to sublethal concentration of H2 O2 , including the increase in senescence-associated â-galactosidase (SA-â-gal)-positive CPCs, senescence-associated heterochromatin loci (SAHF), secretory IL-6 level, and the upregulation of p53 and p21 proteins. Senescence-associated proliferation reduction was also attenuated by melatonin in CPCs. Luzindole, the melatonin membrane receptor blocker, may block the melatonin-mediated suppression of premature senescence in CPCs. Interestingly, we found that long noncoding RNA H19 and its derived miR-675 were downregulated by H2 O2 in CPCs, but melatonin treatment could counter this alteration. Furthermore, knockdown of H19 or miR-675 blocked antisenescence actions of melatonin on H2 O2 -treated CPCs. It was further verified that H19-derived miR-675 targeted at the 3'UTR of USP10, which resulted in the downregulation of p53 and p21 proteins. In summary, melatonin antagonized premature senescence of CPCs via H19/miR-675/USP10 pathway, which provides new insights into pharmacological actions and potential applications of melatonin on the senescence of CPCs.

["3' Untranslated Regions", 'Animals', 'Cellular Senescence', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Melatonin', 'Mice', 'MicroRNAs', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit', 'RNA, Long Noncoding', 'Stem Cells', 'Ubiquitin Thiolesterase']

[['D13.444.735.544.875.880', 'D13.444.735.790.878.880', 'G05.360.340.024.220.880.880', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.910.880'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.043'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D03.633.100.473.914.481', 'D06.472.506'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.050', 'D12.776.543.750.630.124', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.150.100', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.200.170', 'D12.776.624.664.700.183'], ['D13.444.735.790.375'], ['A11.872'], ['D08.811.037.500', 'D08.811.277.352.897.850', 'D12.776.637.937']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Mass spectrometric characterization of black tea thearubigins leading to an oxidative cascade hypothesis for thearubigin formation.

Thearubigins are the most abundant group of phenolic pigments found in black tea, accounting for an estimated 60-70% of the solids in a typical black tea infusion. Fifty years ago the term thearubigins was first introduced and to date the chemical nature of the thearubigins remains largely unresolved, if not mysterious, despite numerous attempts made to clarify their structure. Thearubigins isolated from 15 commercial black teas have been analyzed using a strategy combining standard chemical characterization along with a series of modern complementary mass spectrometry techniques, including MALDI-TOF-MS, FTICR-MS, LC/TOF-MS and LC/MS/MS. Fifteen molecular formulas have been matched to constituents of fresh tea leaf that have survived processing and 21 to dimeric transformation products such as theasinensins, theaflavins, theaflavates, theanaphthoquinones, theacitrins and oolongtheanins, which were further confirmed by ESI MS/MS. MALDI-TOF-MS data revealed an average of 5000 additional thearubigin components in the mass range between m/z 1000 to 2100 clearly defining the molecular weight range of the thearubigin fraction. Six selected samples have for the first time been analyzed by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). FT-ICR-MS data revealed the presence of a maximum of 9428 peaks in the mass range 300 to 1000 m/z and molecular formulas were assigned to 1517 of them. Data interpretation strategies developed for petrolomics studies (van Krevelen and Kendrick analyses) have for the first time been applied to black tea thearubigins and a novel interpretation protocol has been developed to refine these procedures for the investigation of complex mixtures, leading to a novel hypothesis for the formation and structure of the black tea thearubigins named oxidative cascade hypothesis.

['Camellia sinensis', 'Catechin', 'Fourier Analysis', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Phenols', 'Polyphenols', 'Tea']

[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.341.998.500.500'], ['D03.383.663.283.240.190', 'D03.383.663.283.266.450.206', 'D03.633.100.150.240.190', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.206'], ['E05.377', 'G17.226', 'L01.224.800.625'], ['E05.196.566'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.715', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.260.777'], ['D20.215.784.844', 'G07.203.100.831', 'J02.200.831']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Relative sialylation and fucosylation of synovial and plasma fibronectins in relation to the progression and activity of rheumatoid arthritis.

The expressions of terminal sugars in synovial and plasma fibronectins were studied in relation to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression defined according to the early, established and late radiological changes in the patients' hands. The relative amounts of sialic acid and fucose were analyzed by lectin-ELISA using appropriate sialic acid-linked alpha2-3 (Maackia amurensis) and alpha2-6 (Sambucus nigra) lectins as well as fucose-linked alpha1-6 (Aleuria aurantia), alpha1-2 (Ulex europaeus), and alpha1-3 (Tetragonolobus purpureus). In the early RA group, the synovial fibronectin reactivities were the lowest with the all lectins used. In the established and late groups, relative sialylation and fucosylation significantly increased. However, sialylation negligibly decreased, whereas fucosylation remained at nearly the same level in the late group. Moreover, the expression of alpha1-6-linked fucose was found to be related to disease activity. In contrast, plasma fibronectin reactivity with lectins showed different dynamic alterations. In the early RA group, the reactivity of fibronectin with the lectins used was similar to that of healthy individuals, whereas it increased significantly in the established RA group compared with the early and normal plasma groups. In the late RA group it decreased to a level similar to that of the normal group. The lower expressions of terminal sugars in synovial fibronectin were mainly associated with the early degenerative processes of RA. In conclusion, such alterations may be applicable as a stage-specific marker for diagnosis and therapy of RA patients. The higher expression of terminal sugars in fibronectin could be associated with repair and adaptation processes in longstanding disease.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Carbohydrates', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Fibronectins', 'Fucose', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Lectins', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Biological', 'Sialic Acids', 'Synovial Fluid']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['D09'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['D09.254.488'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.503'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D02.241.081.844.562.668', 'D02.241.511.902.562.668', 'D09.067.687.668', 'D09.811.589.668'], ['A02.835.583.443.800.800', 'A12.207.270.847']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Possible mechanism of generation of nitrite and non-thiolate nitroso compounds in blood plasma during inflammatory processes.

Generation of nitrite (NO2?) and non-thiolate nitroso compounds in human blood during leukocyte activation mainly occurred due to destruction of NO donors in the plasma, but not due to intensification of NO synthesis. We proposed a mechanism of production of nitrite and non-thiolate nitroso compounds in the blood during inflammation.

['Cells, Cultured', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Leukocytes', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitrites', 'Nitroso Compounds', 'Zymosan']

[['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D01.248.497.158.635', 'D01.625.600.600', 'D02.633'], ['D02.654'], ['D09.698.365.089.750']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

[The clinical efficacy of augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate) in treating inflammatory diseases of the urogenital organs].

Augmentin (amoxycillin/clavulanate) was used in the treatment of 88 patients with mild and moderate infections of the urogenital organs. The drug was administered in a single dose of 375 mg thrice daily for 6 to 12 days. The renal function in 62 patients (70.5 per cent) was normal and in 26 patients (29.5 per cent) the chronic renal insufficiency latent stage was stated (the decrease of the glomerular filtration up to 55-70 ml/min). When augmentin was used before lithotripsy in 35 patients for 6 days, all the laboratory and clinical indices came to normal in 30 patients (85.7 per cent) and only in 4 patients (11 per cent) leukocyturia and in 1 patient bacteriuria persisted. When augmentin was used in 26 patients before adenomectomy or after transurethral resection for 7 to 9 days, all the indices came to normal in 13 patients (50 per cent) and in the other 13 patients leukocyturia persisted, while no bacteriuria was recorded. When augmentin was used in the treatment of 19 patients with pyelonephritis exacerbation during the postoperative period for 7 to 12 days, all the clinical and laboratory indices came to normal in 13 patients (68.4 per cent), leukocyturia persisted in 6 patients and bacteriuria persisted in 2 patients. When augmentin was used in the treatment of 8 patients with acute orchiepididymitis for 7 to 10 days, the clinical effect was stated in all the patients. As a rule, the drug was well tolerated by the patients.

['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Chronic Disease', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Male Urogenital Diseases', 'Middle Aged']

[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.065.589.099.374.160.060', 'D02.065.589.099.750.750.050.050.060', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050.050.060', 'D03.633.100.300.374.160.060', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050.050.500', 'D26.310.102'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['C12'], ['M01.060.116.630']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']

Urinary bladder matrix for the treatment of recalcitrant nonhealing radiation wounds.

Chronic wounds in previously radiated tissue are challenging to treat. In this article, the authors describe 3 such wounds that failed to heal despite multiple treatments with traditional wound healing methods. Treatment with porcine urinary bladder matrix, an extracellular matrix material, was initiated to facilitate epithelialization and promote wound healing. MatriStem powder (ACell, Inc, Columbia, Maryland), MatriStem (ACell, Inc) sheet, and DuoDerm (ConvaTec, Skillman, New Jersey) were applied biweekly and resulted in complete wound closure within 3 weeks of initial application for all 3 cases. All wounds remained closed 9 months following treatment, suggesting a role for urinary bladder matrix in the management of chronic wounds in the setting of irradiated tissue.

['Aged', 'Animals', 'Bandages, Hydrocolloid', 'Chronic Disease', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiation Injuries', 'Radiotherapy', 'Skin Ulcer', 'Swine', 'Urinary Bladder']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E07.101.074'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C26.733', 'G01.750.748.500', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500', 'N06.850.810.300.360'], ['E02.815'], ['C17.800.893'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['A05.810.890']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']

Noninvasive evaluation of the swollen extremity: experiences with 190 lymphoscintigraphic examinations.

Lymphoscintigraphy (LS), performed with technetium 99m-labeled antimony trisulfide colloid (Cadema Medical Products, Inc., Middletown, N.Y.), was used as a noninvasive diagnostic examination to evaluate the lymphatic circulation in 190 extremities of 115 patients. Forty-six patients had primary lymphedema, 48 had secondary lymphedema, and 21 patients had other causes of limb swelling. To determine the value of LS in surgical decision making, preoperative and postoperative LS of 16 patients who underwent surgical repair of the lymphatic abnormality were studied separately. Semiquantitative evaluation of the lymphatic drainage and visual interpretation of the image patterns were reliable to differentiate lymphedema from edemas of other origin (sensitivity: 92%, specificity: 100%). Although certain image patterns were characteristic of either primary or secondary lymphedema, LS could not consistently differentiate between the two types. Episodes of cellulitis in lymphedema clearly delayed lymph transport. LS was helpful in patient selection and follow-up after lymphatic surgery, but it did not prove patency of lymphovenous anastomoses. It was diagnostic in the evaluation of lymphangiectasia and was used to document successful surgical treatment of reflux of chyle. LS is safe and reliable and has no side effects. It should replace contrast lymphangiography in the routine evaluation of the swollen extremity.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antimony', 'Arm', 'Child', 'Chronic Disease', 'Colloids', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Lymphatic System', 'Lymphedema', 'Lymphoscintigraphy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Period', 'Technetium', 'Technetium Compounds']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D01.268.513.124', 'D01.268.556.050', 'D01.552.544.050'], ['A01.378.800.075'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D20.280', 'D26.255.165'], ['E01.171'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['A15.382.520'], ['C15.604.496'], ['E01.370.350.710.299', 'E01.370.384.730.176'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['D01.268.271.870', 'D01.268.556.843', 'D01.268.956.875', 'D01.496.749.305.870', 'D01.552.544.843'], ['D01.925']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']

Release and modulation of release of serotonin in rabbit superior colliculus.

The release of previously incorporated [3H]serotonin and its presynaptic modulation were studied in slices of rabbit superior colliculus. Electrical stimulation at frequencies of 0.017-3 Hz greatly increased the outflow of tritiated compounds; this response was almost abolished by tetrodotoxin and in a low calcium medium. Unlabelled serotonin, when added in the presence of nitroquipazine, an inhibitor of high-affinity neuronal serotonin uptake, reduced the electrically evoked overflow of tritium, an effect antagonized by metitepin. Given alone, metitepin caused an increase. The evoked overflow was also decreased by clonidine, and the effect of clonidine was counteracted by phentolamine. Phentolamine itself increased the overflow response. However, this was probably not due to antagonism against an inhibitory effect of endogenous noradrenaline because, first, the selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan did not share with phentolamine the overflow-enhancing effect, second, phentolamine continued to increase the overflow after noradrenergic axons had been destroyed by 6-hydroxydopamine, and third, the facilitatory effects of metitepin and phentolamine were not additive. Phentolamine, like metitepin, antagonized the presynaptic inhibitory effect of serotonin, indicating that it may increase the evoked overflow of tritium by blocking serotonin receptors rather than alpha-adrenoceptors. Ethylketocyclazocine decrease the electrically evoked overflow, and its effect was prevented by naloxone: peptides selective for opioid mu- or delta-receptors caused no change. Nicotine increased the basal outflow of tritium (in the absence of electrical stimulation); the increase was attenuated by hexamethonium and low calcium medium. No or minimal changes in tritium outflow were obtained with beta-adrenoceptor, dopamine receptor, muscarine receptor and GABA receptor ligands or with substance P and glutamate. In conjunction with our previous studies, these results indicate that serotonin is a neurotransmitter in the superior colliculus. Its release is modulated through presynaptic autoreceptors (probably 5-HT1), alpha 2-adrenoceptors, opioid kappa-receptors and nicotine receptors, of which only the autoreceptors receive an endogenous input, at least under the experimental conditions chosen. Each of the three groups of collicular monoamine axons that we have studied recently (cholinergic, noradrenergic, serotoninergic) possesses a specific pattern of presynaptic, release-modulating receptors. A physiological role seems likely only for the alpha 2-autoreceptors at the noradrenergic and the 5-HT1-autoreceptors at the serotoninergic axons.

['Animals', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Female', 'Male', 'Rabbits', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha', 'Receptors, Cholinergic', 'Receptors, Opioid', 'Receptors, Serotonin', 'Serotonin', 'Superior Colliculi', 'Tetrodotoxin']

[['B01.050'], ['E05.723.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.300', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.300', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.300'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.360'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.800.816'], ['D03.633.100.786.910', 'D23.946.580.910']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Metastatic bone involvement in gynecological malignancies.

4 patients in whom ante mortem diagnosis of bone metastases was made, suffering from primary carcinoma of endometrium, cervix, ovary and vulva, respectively, are herein presented. The different routes of spread of these tumors, as well as a review of the incidence of bone metastases in gynecological malignancies are discussed.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Genital Neoplasms, Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Uterine Neoplasms', 'Vulvar Neoplasms']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['C04.588.945.418', 'C13.351.937.418'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875'], ['C04.588.945.418.968', 'C13.351.500.944.819', 'C13.351.937.418.968']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']

[Organisational and legal issues of medical rehabilitation for patients with occupational diseases caused by dust].

The study based on Rehabilitation Center No 2 in Rostov region covered 100 male patients with dust obstructive bronchitis. The authors considered organisational and legal problems of medical rehabilitation for patients with occupational diseases caused by dust. The authors also specified and suggested stages of individual medical rehabilitation and efficiency criteria for rehabilitation, exeplified by dust obstructive bronchitis patients. Data show that creation and accomplishment of individual medical rehabilitation programs for dust obstructive bronchitis patients enable to optimize rehabilitation process, provide continuity of medical rehabilitation, evaluate efficiency of rehabilitation measures on each step of medical rehabilitation. Higher efficiency of rehabilitation is achieved by individual rehabilitation added by nebulizer treatment, efferent therapy, psychologic correction and specialized education for chronic patients with obstructive lung diseases.

['Air Pollutants, Occupational', 'Bronchitis', 'Dust', 'Government Regulation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Occupational Health', 'Program Evaluation', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Rehabilitation', 'Rehabilitation Centers', 'Russia']

[['D27.888.284.101.268'], ['C01.748.099', 'C08.127.446', 'C08.381.495.146', 'C08.730.099'], ['D20.633.222'], ['I01.880.604.394', 'N03.706.358'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C24'], ['N01.400.525'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['E02.760.169.063.500', 'E02.831', 'H02.403.680.600', 'N02.421.784'], ['N02.278.808'], ['Z01.252.122.500', 'Z01.542.248.775']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

The consequence of "doing nothing": Family caregiving for Alzheimer's disease as non-action in the US.

This article adopts a discursive approach in order to examine how dominant US discourses shape both public and personal understandings of the caregiving work that families do, specifically in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Family caregivers are an essential, increasingly recognized piece of the US health care system. Dominant discourses of AD and caregiving articulate family caregiving in contrast to biomedical intervention. The dichotomy privileges the ability to affect a biomedical outcome and, using that metric, minimizes caregiving's potential value as meaningful action. Family caregiving comes to be seen as what I term non-action, action that, while voluminous, is not perceived as meaningful in terms of its outcome. Drawing on over 26 months of ethnographic fieldwork in the Midwestern US with families living with early-onset AD (2011-2013), I focus on spousal caregivers to trace how these discourses shape the possibilities for family caregiving. I show how advocacy rhetoric is taken up and reproduced by family members, who learn to see their own caregiving labor through a biomedical lens. However, I also demonstrate that, obscured by dominant discourses, caregivers engage in relational labor, the continual work of making and unmaking social relations. Recognition of caregiving as part of longer-term relational endeavors, I argue, offers the potential to reframe caregiving discourses and reimagine the value the labor of caregiving as meaningful in its own right.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Attitude to Health', 'Caregivers', 'Family Relations', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medicalization', 'Middle Aged', 'United States']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['F01.829.263.370', 'I01.880.853.150.439'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.853.250'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Capsule endoscopy in a network cooperation: assessment of the experience in 822 patients.

INTRODUCTION: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is firmly established as a standard procedure in the diagnostic algorithm of occult or obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and Crohn's disease. Despite its excellent diagnostic yield, missing expertise, reading time and financial expenditure limit an area-wide availability. A multicentric cooperation might compensate these disadvantages.METHODS: CE device was bought by a central hospital (CH). Requested equipment is transported to the network partner (NP) and the procedure performed at the spot in personal responsibility. Video reading is exclusively done in the CH.RESULTS: Within 10 years, 822 CE (438 m., 384 f.; 63 ± 17 (13-92) years) were performed by 18 cooperating gastroenterological departments. 587/822 (71%) CE were done at NP, 235/822 (29%) in the CH. Between 2002 (n = 39) and 2011 (n = 123) the annual number of CE increased threefold. 95% of the capital investment in each cooperating hospital could be avoided by sharing one workstation within the network. Leading indication for CE was suspected mid-GI-bleeding (80%). Mean latencies between requested date and actual examination were 0 and between equipment's return and report 2 days. 45/191(24%) flexible enteroscopies performed in the CH followed CE findings from NP.DISCUSSION: Our 10 years experience show that mobile use of CE is feasible providing quality parameters similar to a single center solution, increases the number of CE investigations, therefore, improves reading expertise and enables both an area-wide and economic offer for this technique. Additionally, patients with the need for invasive enteroscopy are identified and attracted to that NP who provides an invasive SB endocopy device.

['Abdominal Pain', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Angiodysplasia', 'Capsule Endoscopes', 'Capsule Endoscopy', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Cost Savings', 'Crohn Disease', 'Duodenal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Diseases', 'Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage', 'Gastrointestinal Transit', 'Humans', 'Ileal Neoplasms', 'Interinstitutional Relations', 'Jejunal Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage', 'Video Recording', 'Young Adult']

[['C23.888.592.612.054', 'C23.888.821.030'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.907.075'], ['E07.230.220.260.140'], ['E01.370.388.250.250.250.140'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['N03.219.151.160.200'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.445', 'C06.301.371.411.445', 'C06.405.249.411.445', 'C06.405.469.275.270', 'C06.405.469.491.445'], ['C06.405'], ['C06.405.227', 'C23.550.414.788'], ['E01.370.372.310', 'G10.261.360.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.501', 'C06.301.371.411.501', 'C06.405.249.411.501', 'C06.405.469.420.501', 'C06.405.469.491.501'], ['N04.452.822.400'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.523', 'C06.301.371.411.523', 'C06.405.249.411.523', 'C06.405.469.491.523', 'C06.405.469.600.523'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.405.227.700', 'C23.550.414.788.700'], ['L01.280.960'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']

[Abdominal decompression - should this obstetric method be employed in future too? (author's transl)].

Heyns developed a method to produce decompression in the abdomen of pregnant women. He stated that the method was recommended to promote analgesia during the period of dilatation and to shorten the delivery period. Since enhanced blood supply of the placenta was expected also, the method was stated to be useful in gestosis patients. Regular application during the last three months of pregnancy were said to enhance the intelligence of the foetus. The examinations quoted in this article show insufficient analgesia and lack of shortening of the delivery period. No clear evidence of increased placental blood supply was seen. On account of the uncomfortable mode of application and the hypovolaemic sequential condition this method has not been accepted as obstetric practice.

['Blood Pressure', 'Decompression', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intelligence', 'Labor, Obstetric', 'Lower Body Negative Pressure', 'Maternal-Fetal Exchange', 'Pre-Eclampsia', 'Pregnancy']

[['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E02.278', 'G01.374.715.250'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['F01.752.543'], ['G08.686.784.769.326'], ['E02.278.500'], ['G08.686.784.769.455'], ['C13.703.395.249'], ['G08.686.784.769']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]']

No Association Between Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Selected Candidate Collagen Gene Variants in Female Elite Athletes From High-Risk Team Sports.

BACKGROUND: Several single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in collagen genes have been reported as predisposing factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. However, the evidence is conflicting and does not support a clear association between genetic variants and risk of ACL ruptures.PURPOSE: To assess the association of previously identified candidate SNVs in genes encoding for collagen and the risk of ACL injury in a population of elite female athletes from high-risk team sports.STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.METHODS: A total of 851 female Norwegian and Finnish elite athletes from team sports were included from 2007 to 2011. ACL injuries acquired before inclusion in the cohort were registered by interview. The participants were followed prospectively through 2015 to record new complete ACL injuries. Six selected SNVs were genotyped ( COL1A1: rs1800012, rs1107946; COL3A1: rs1800255; COL5A1: rs12722, rs13946; COL12A1: rs970547).RESULTS: No associations were found between ACL rupture and the SNVs tested.CONCLUSION: The study does not support a role of the 6 selected SNVs in genes encoding for collagen proteins as risk factors for ACL injury.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Genetic profiling to identify athletes at high risk for ACL rupture is not yet feasible.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries', 'Athletes', 'Athletic Injuries', 'Collagen', 'Female', 'Finland', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Norway', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Rupture', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C26.558.554.213'], ['M01.072'], ['C26.115'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C26.761'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

Communication speaks volumes.

As a learning disability nursing student, it became apparent during formal and informal learning that those studying adult nursing had misconceptions about nursing people with a learning disability.

['Communication', 'Humans', 'Social Media', 'Students, Nursing', 'United Kingdom']

[['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.178.751', 'L01.224.230.110.500.750'], ['M01.848.769.685'], ['Z01.542.363']]

['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Antiproliferative activity and apoptosis inducing effects of nitric oxide donating derivatives of evodiamine.

The first series of nitric oxide donating derivatives of evodiamine were designed and prepared. NO releasing ability of all target derivatives was evaluated in BGC-823, Bel-7402 and L-02 cells. The cytotoxicity was evaluated against three human tumor cell lines (Bel-7402, A549 and BGC-823) and normal human liver cells L-02. The nitrate derivatives 11a and 11b only exhibited moderate activity and furoxan-based derivatives 13a-c, 14a and 14b showed promising activity. 13c showed good cytotoxic selectivity between tumor and normal liver cells and was further investigated for its apoptotic properties on human hepatocarcinoma Bel-7402 cells. The molecular mode of action revealed that 13c caused cell-cycle arrest at S phase and induced apoptosis in Bel-7402 cells through mitochondria-related caspase-dependent pathways.

['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Humans', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Quinazolines']

[['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D03.633.100.786']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

Metaphycus macadamiae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) - a biological control agent of macadamia felted coccid Acanthococcus ironsidei (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) in Hawaii.

A new species of encyrtid wasp, Metaphycus macadamiae Polaszek & Noyes sp. n., (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae: Encyrtinae) is described as a solitary endoparasitoid of the invasive macadamia felted coccid, Acanthococcus ironsidei (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) in Hawaii. This parasitoid is native to Australia, and the species description is based on material collected from a Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche (Proteaceae) plantation in New South Wales, Australia, the native region of the host tree and insect. It is described here because it is a potential biological control agent against this pest where it has recently invaded Hawaii and South Africa.

['Animals', 'Australia', 'Biological Phenomena', 'Hawaii', 'Hemiptera', 'Hymenoptera', 'Macadamia', 'New South Wales', 'Pest Control, Biological', 'South Africa', 'Wasps']

[['B01.050'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['G16'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.375', 'Z01.639.760.815.482'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.412'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.831.500'], ['Z01.639.100.750', 'Z01.678.100.373.750'], ['N06.850.780.200.650.650'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.900']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']

Disruption by interferon-alpha of an autocrine interleukin-6 growth loop in IL-6-dependent U266 myeloma cells by homologous and heterologous down-regulation of the IL-6 receptor alpha- and beta-chains.

IL-6 is an autocrine growth factor for U266 myeloma cells and their growth is inhibited by IFN-alpha or IL-6 mAb. We asked, therefore, whether IFN-alpha-induced growth inhibition involved IL-6. IFN-alpha and mAb against IL-6, the IL-6R alpha-(gp80) or beta-chain (gp130) potently inhibited U266 cells. Remarkably, this effect occurred despite IFN-alpha-augmented secretion of endogenous IL-6. However, examining the IL-6R revealed that IFN-alpha drastically curtailed expression of the IL-6R alpha- and beta-chain. This effect occurred on two different levels (protein and mRNA) and by two different mechanisms (directly and indirectly through IL-6). First, IFN-alpha, but not IL-6, greatly decreased gp80 and, to a lesser extent, gp130 mRNA levels which resulted in a loss of IL-6 binding sites. Second, IFN-alpha-induced IL-6 predominantly down-regulated membrane-bound gp130. IFN-alpha-mediated decrease of gp80 levels was not detected on IL-6-independent myeloma (RPMI 8226) or myeloid cells (U937). We conclude that IFN-alpha inhibited IL-6-dependent myeloma cell growth by depriving U266 cells of an essential component of their autocrine growth loop, a functional IL-6R.

['Affinity Labels', 'Cell Division', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Cytokines', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Down-Regulation', 'Humans', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Interleukin-6', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Receptors, Interleukin', 'Receptors, Interleukin-6', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']

[['D27.720.470.410.080'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.400'], ['A11.251.860']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Sleep-Wake Concordance in Couples Is Inversely Associated With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Markers.

Aim: To determine whether interdependence in couples' sleep (sleep-wake concordance i.e., whether couples are awake or asleep at the same time throughout the night) is associated with two markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and systemic inflammation.Methods: This community-based study is a cross-sectional analysis of 46 adult couples, aged 18-45 years, without known sleep disorders. Percent sleep-wake concordance, the independent variable, was calculated for each individual using actigraphy. Ambulatory BP monitors measured BP across 48 h. Dependent variables included mean sleep systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), mean wake SBP and DBP, sleep-wake SBP and DBP ratios, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Mixed models were used and were adjusted for age, sex, education, race, and body mass index.Results: Higher sleep-wake concordance was associated with lower sleep SBP (b = -.35, SE = .01) and DBP (b = -.22, SE = .10) and lower wake SBP (b = -.26, SE = .12; all p values < .05). Results were moderated by sex; for women, high concordance was associated with lower BP. Men and women with higher sleep-wake concordance also had lower CRP values (b = -.15, SE = .03, p < .05). Sleep-wake concordance was not associated with wake DBP or sleep/wake BP ratios. Significant findings remained after controlling for individual sleep quality, duration, and wake after sleep onset.Conclusions: Sleep-wake concordance was associated with sleep BP, and this association was stronger for women. Higher sleep-wake concordance was associated with lower systemic inflammation for men and women. Sleep-wake concordance may be a novel mechanism by which marital relationships are associated with long-term CVD outcomes.

['Actigraphy', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Sleep', 'Spouses', 'Young Adult']

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['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

Promoter length polymorphism in UGT1A1 and the risk of sporadic colorectal cancer.

Uridine diphosphoglucuronate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) is the key hepatic detoxification enzyme involved in the biotransformation of many carcinogens implicated in the development of colon, breast, and prostate cancers in humans. A polymorphism in the UGT1A1 promoter containing a TA-repeat element [(TA)5-8TAA] is involved in the modulation of UGT1A1 transcriptional activity. The wild-type activity is associated with the (TA)6TAA allele (UGT1A1*1), whereas UGT1A1 expression decreases with the increase of the TA-repeat number. We hypothesize that the low-activity allele UGT1A1*28 with seven TA repeats is associated with a higher risk for colorectal cancer. Our study involved 168 patients with histopathologically confirmed sporadic colorectal cancer and a control group of 96 individuals with no personal history of colorectal cancer. We detected a higher frequency of UGT1A1*28 than the wild-type UGT1A1*1 allele in colorectal cancer patients as compared with that of controls (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07-2.26, P = 0.021). The frequency of genotypes containing the UGT1A1*28 allele in the homozygous or heterozygous state was significantly higher than the frequency of the wild-type UGT1A1*1/*1 genotype in colorectal cancer patients as compared with controls (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.19-3.34, P = 0.007). Our results indicate that the UGT1A1*28 allele is a risk factor for colorectal cancer in the Macedonian male population, whereas no significant risk was detected among women.

['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alleles', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Glucuronosyltransferase', 'Greece', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Risk Factors']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['E05.393.385'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.480'], ['Z01.542.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']

Is the high-risk strategy to prevent cardiovascular disease equitable? A pharmacoepidemiological cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Statins are increasingly prescribed to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in asymptomatic individuals. Yet, it is unknown whether those at higher CVD risk - i.e. individuals in lower socio-economic position (SEP) - are adequately reached by this high-risk strategy. We aimed to examine whether the Danish implementation of the strategy to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) by initiating statin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor) therapy in high-risk individuals is equitable across socioeconomic groups.DESIGN: Cohort study.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Applying individual-level nationwide register information on socio-demographics, dispensed prescription drugs and hospital discharges, all Danish citizens aged 20+ without previous register-markers of CVD, diabetes or statin therapy were followed during 2002-2006 for first occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI) and a dispensed statin prescription (N = 3.3 mill).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Stratified by gender, 5-year age-groups and socioeconomic position (SEP), incidence of MI was applied as a proxy for statin need. Need-standardized statin incidence rates were calculated, applying MI incidence rate ratios (IRR) as need-weights to adjust for unequal needs across SEP.Horizontal equity in initiating statin therapy was tested by means of Poisson regression analysis. Applying the need-standardized statin parameters and the lowest SEP-group as reference, a need-standardized statin IRR > 1 translates into horizontal inequity favouring the higher SEP-groups.RESULTS: MI incidence decreased with increasing SEP without a parallel trend in incidence of statin therapy. According to the regression analyses, the need-standardized statin incidence increased in men aged 40-64 by 17%, IRR 1.17 (95% CI: 1.14-1.19) with each increase in income quintile. In women the proportion was 23%, IRR 1.23 (1.16-1.29). An analogous pattern was seen applying education as SEP indicator and among subjects aged 65-84.CONCLUSION: The high-risk strategy to prevent CVD by initiating statin therapy seems to be inequitable, reaching primarily high-risk subjects in lower risk SEP-groups.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cohort Studies', 'Denmark', 'Female', 'Healthcare Disparities', 'Humans', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pharmacoepidemiology', 'Risk Assessment', 'Social Class']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['N04.590.374.380', 'N05.300.493'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202.370', 'D27.505.519.389.370', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202.370'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.158.703.045', 'H02.403.720.500.650', 'H02.628.413'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

Accounting for natural tension in the mechanical testing of human skin.

A low-pressure suction device has previously been used to obtain quantitative information on the mechanical properties of human skin. Reducing the raw data from this technique was complicated by the fact that the skin is already biaxially loaded in the natural state and a rational basis on which to compare results obtained from different subjects was not available. Using a strain gauged pretension device, a procedure for determining the natural state tension and extension fields in the skin has been developed. The natural tension was then relaxed in the direction of testing and the suction device used to determine the two-dimensional skin tension-extension ratio response of the skin at a constant testing rate. The data from a number of subjects have been used to develop a new multidimensional stress-strain theory in terms of two material constants that are related to basic material characteristics of the dermis and are uniquely determinable regardless of the natural state stress field. Tests performed on the upper backs of 23 healthy adult males were used to investigate the variations in the material constants with age and sun-exposure habits. Age variations were found to corroborate earlier studies, and variations with sun exposure habits were related to known dermal collagen and elastin changes due to ultraviolet radiation. The apparent sensitivity of the testing procedure to physiologic state variables holds out the hope that mechanical properties characterization will be a useful tool in the evaluation of the severity of certain pathologic states and the effect of therapy.

['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Skin Physiological Phenomena', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Sunlight']

[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G13.750'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.836', 'G01.750.250.650.836', 'G01.750.770.578.836', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525', 'G16.500.750.775.525', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']

Rapid sperm capture: high-throughput flagellar waveform analysis.

STUDY QUESTION: Can flagellar analyses be scaled up to provide automated tracking of motile sperm, and does knowledge of the flagellar waveform provide new insight not provided by routine head tracking?SUMMARY ANSWER: High-throughput flagellar waveform tracking and analysis enable measurement of experimentally intractable quantities such as energy dissipation, disturbance of the surrounding medium and viscous stresses, which are not possible by tracking the sperm head alone.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The clinical gold standard for sperm motility analysis comprises a manual analysis by a trained professional, with existing automated sperm diagnostics [computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA)] relying on tracking the sperm head and extrapolating measures. It is not currently possible with either of these approaches to track the sperm flagellar waveform for large numbers of cells in order to unlock the potential wealth of information enclosed within.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: The software tool in this manuscript has been developed to enable high-throughput, repeatable, accurate and verifiable analysis of the sperm flagellar beat.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Using the software tool [Flagellar Analysis and Sperm Tracking (FAST)] described in this manuscript, we have analysed 176 experimental microscopy videos and have tracked the head and flagellum of 205 progressive cells in diluted semen (DSM), 119 progressive cells in a high-viscosity medium (HVM) and 42 stuck cells in a low-viscosity medium. Unscreened donors were recruited at Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust after giving informed consent.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: We describe fully automated tracking and analysis of flagellar movement for large cell numbers. The analysis is demonstrated on freely motile cells in low- and high-viscosity fluids and validated on published data of tethered cells undergoing pharmacological hyperactivation. Direct analysis of the flagellar beat reveals that the CASA measure 'beat cross frequency' does not measure beat frequency; attempting to fit a straight line between the two measures gives ${\mathrm{R}}^2$ values of 0.042 and 0.00054 for cells in DSM and HVM, respectively. A new measurement, track centroid speed, is validated as an accurate differentiator of progressive motility. Coupled with fluid mechanics codes, waveform data enable extraction of experimentally intractable quantities such as energy dissipation, disturbance of the surrounding medium and viscous stresses. We provide a powerful and accessible research tool, enabling connection of the mechanical activity of the sperm to its motility and effect on its environment.LARGE SCALE DATA: The FAST software package and all documentation can be downloaded from www.flagellarCapture.com.LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: The FAST software package has only been tested for use with negative phase contrast microscopy. Other imaging modalities, with bright cells on a dark background, have not been tested but may work. FAST is not designed to analyse raw semen; it is specifically for precise analysis of flagellar kinematics, as that is the promising area for computer use. Flagellar capture will always require that cells are at a dilution where their paths do not frequently cross.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Combining tracked flagella with mathematical modelling has the potential to reveal new mechanistic insight. By providing the capability as a free-to-use software package, we hope that this ability to accurately quantify the flagellar waveform in large populations of motile cells will enable an abundant array of diagnostic, toxicological and therapeutic possibilities, as well as creating new opportunities for assessing and treating male subfertility.STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): M.T.G., G.C., J.C.K-B. and D.J.S. gratefully acknowledge funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Healthcare Technologies Challenge Award (Rapid Sperm Capture EP/N021096/1). J.C.K-B. is funded by a National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) and Health Education England, Senior Clinical Lectureship Grant: The role of the human sperm in healthy live birth (NIHRDH-HCS SCL-2014-05-001). This article presents independent research funded in part by the NIHR and Health Education England. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. The data for experimental set (2) were funded through a Wellcome Trust-University of Birmingham Value in People Fellowship Bridging Award (E.H.O.).The authors declare no competing interests.

['Andrology', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Cell Tracking', 'Humans', 'Hydrodynamics', 'Male', 'Software', 'Sperm Motility', 'Sperm Tail']

[['H02.403.763.500'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E01.370.225.500.373', 'E01.370.350.557.500', 'E05.200.500.373', 'E05.242.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.342'], ['L01.224.900'], ['E01.370.225.992.812', 'E05.200.992.812', 'G04.198.750'], ['A05.360.490.890.840', 'A11.284.180.290.835', 'A11.497.760.500']]

['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Synthesis of proline-based diketopiperazine scaffolds.

A number of natural products with interesting biological properties are based on a diketopiperazine scaffold. In this context, we have developed a diversity oriented and efficient synthetic strategy to highly functionalized proline-based diketopiperazines. In this paper we describe the stereoselective synthesis of various scaffolds resembling abundant natural product core structures. These scaffolds can be conjugated to a solid phase and are thus platforms for the construction of small compound libraries and the synthesis of natural products with diketopiperazine cores.

['Biological Products', 'Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques', 'Piperazine', 'Piperazines', 'Proline', 'Small Molecule Libraries', 'Stereoisomerism']

[['D20.215'], ['E05.197.312', 'J01.897.836.249.249'], ['D03.383.606.768'], ['D03.383.606'], ['D12.125.072.401.623'], ['D27.720.470.765'], ['G02.607.445.682']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Ruthenium-106 versus iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy of 571 choroidal melanomas with a thickness of ?5.5 mm.

BACKGROUND: Episcleral brachytherapy is the most common eye-preserving treatment for medium-sized choroidal melanomas. ã-emitting iodine-125 (125I) and â-emitting ruthenium-106 (106Ru) are widely used. The latter is however generally reserved for thinner tumours (<6 mm). In this study, we compare ocular and patient survival in thicker tumours treated with the respective radioisotope.METHODS: All patients with ?5.5 mm thick choroidal melanomas who were treated with plaque brachytherapy at a single institution between 1 November 1979 and 31 December 2015 were included (n=571). Size-controlled Cox regression HRs for postbrachytherapy enucleation, repeated brachytherapy and melanoma-related mortality were calculated, as well as Kaplan-Meier disease-specific survival and relative 10-year survival in matched subgroups.RESULTS: 317 patients were treated with 106Ru and 254 with 125I. The rate of repeated brachytherapy was significantly higher among patients treated with 106Ru (8%) than with 125I (1%, p<0.001). Size-controlled Cox regression HRs for postbrachytherapy enucleation (125I vs 106Ru 0.7, p=0.083) and melanoma-related mortality were not significant (125I vs 106Ru 1.1, p=0.63). Similarly, Kaplan-Meier disease-specific and relative 10-year survival was comparable in matched groups of 5.5-7.4 mm (relative survival 106Ru 59%, 125I 56%) and ?7.5 mm thick tumours (relative survival 106Ru 46%, 125I 44%).CONCLUSIONS: Rates of repeated brachytherapy were significantly higher among patients treated with 106Ru versus 125I for thick choroidal melanomas. There were, however, no significant differences in rates of enucleation or patient survival.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brachytherapy', 'Choroid Neoplasms', 'Eye Enucleation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Ruthenium Radioisotopes', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.815.150'], ['C04.588.364.978.223', 'C11.319.494.198', 'C11.941.160.238', 'C11.941.855.198'], ['E04.540.429'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D01.496.749.745'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']

31P-NMR spectroscopic investigations and mitochondrial studies on the cardioprotective efficiency of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine.

Contents of high energy phosphates in the isolated perfused rat heart were followed during ischemia and reperfusion using 31P NMR spectroscopy. Application of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine resulted in significantly higher content of ATP in the reperfusion phase whereas during ischemia no differences between control and therapy hearts were found. Analysis of postischemic mitochondrial function reveals that improved ATP level is paralleled by an increased respiratory control index and a reduced ATPase activity. It is suggested that 2-mercaptopropionylglycine may cause increase of high energy phosphates during reperfusion by improving mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.

['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Amino Acids, Sulfur', 'Animals', 'Coronary Disease', 'Female', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Mitochondria, Heart', 'Myocardium', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Phosphocreatine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Tiopronin']

[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D02.886.030', 'D12.125.166'], ['B01.050'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.627.603', 'A11.284.835.626.627.603'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['G03.680'], ['D12.125.373.603', 'D12.125.740.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D02.886.030.896', 'D12.125.166.896', 'D12.125.481.700.760']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

A novel allele HLA-A*11:152 was identified by sequence-based typing in a Chinese individual.

HLA-A*11:152 differs from A*11:01:01 by a single nucleotide at position 266 in Exon 2.

['Alleles', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Base Sequence', 'Exons', 'Gene Expression', 'Genetic Loci', 'HLA-A11 Antigen', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Histocompatibility Testing', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Unrelated Donors']

[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.024.380'], ['D12.776.395.550.489.400.110', 'D12.776.543.550.439.400.110', 'D23.050.301.500.100.400.110', 'D23.050.301.500.450.370.110', 'D23.050.705.552.100.400.110', 'D23.050.705.552.450.370.500'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['E01.370.225.812.385', 'E05.200.812.385', 'E05.478.594.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.393.751'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['M01.898.828']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

Effect of homoserine on growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis: inhibition of glutamate transport by homoserine.

Homoserine strongly inhibited growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis in medium containing glutamate as the sole source of nitrogen but was without effect when asparagine, alanine or glutamine was the sole nitrogen source. It was readily taken up by glutamate-grown cells, reaching an intracellular concentration of over 20 mM after 4 h incubation. The primary site of action of homoserine was deduced to be the non-competitive inhibition of glutamate transport.

['Biological Transport', 'Glutamates', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Homoserine', 'Mycobacterium']

[['G03.143'], ['D12.125.067.625', 'D12.125.119.409'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['D12.125.526'], ['B03.510.024.962.500', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']

AsMA Medical Guidelines for Air Travel: Airline Special Services.

INTRODUCTION: Medical Guidelines for Airline Travel provide information that enables healthcare providers to properly advise patients who plan to travel by air. Treating physicians should advise patients in need of special services to contact the airline well before travel to find out if the required services will be available. Ensuring the required services are available throughout a journey can be challenging, especially when different airlines and aircraft types are involved. For example, airlines carry a limited supply of oxygen for use in the event of an unexpected in-flight emergency; however, this supply is not intended for use by passengers needing supplemental oxygen. Arrangements must be made in advance with the airline. Therefore, early contact with the airline is helpful.

['Aerospace Medicine', 'Air Travel', 'Aircraft', 'Guidelines as Topic', 'Humans', 'Oxygen Inhalation Therapy', 'Travel Medicine']

[['H02.403.029'], ['I03.883.209'], ['J01.937.285.100'], ['N04.761.700.350', 'N05.700.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.880.690'], ['H02.403.850']]

['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Increased Langerhans cell accumulation after mycobacterial stimuli.

AIMS: To evaluate the role of Langerhans cells (LCs) in the local activation of leprosy lesions. LCs, acting as tolerance inducers and immune stimuli, are dendritic cells recently implicated in cutaneous homeostasis. The role of LCs in the defence against mycobacterial infection remains poorly understood.METHODS AND RESULTS: The number and distribution of CD1a+ skin cells and HLA-DR and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression were analysed in leprosy skin lesions and in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) tests. The results showed a high number of LCs in tuberculin and lepromin tests, in tuberculoid lesions and in the epidermis and dermis during type I and II reactions. In multibacillary lesions, however, the number of LCs was consistently low in comparison with other groups. Increased numbers of LCs were accompanied by marked HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression, suggesting a strong relationship between these immunological events.CONCLUSIONS: CD1a+ cells are implicated in the local immunological events taking place after mycobacterial stimuli and may account for the local activation of all types of reactional episodes in leprosy.

['Antigens, CD1', 'HLA-DR Antigens', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'Langerhans Cells', 'Leprosy, Lepromatous', 'Mycobacterium leprae', 'Skin']

[['D23.050.301.264.035.100', 'D23.050.301.264.894.080', 'D23.101.100.110.100', 'D23.101.100.894.080'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.450', 'D12.776.543.550.200.450', 'D23.050.301.350.450'], ['A11.066.270.500', 'A11.436.270.545', 'A15.382.066.270.500', 'A15.382.670.260.500'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.475.371.775.500'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.502', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.502'], ['A17.815']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']

Novel triple neurokinin receptor antagonist CS-003 strongly inhibits neurokinin related responses.

Neurokinins are known to induce neurogenic inflammation related to respiratory diseases, though there is little information on triple neurokinin receptor antagonists. The pharmacological properties of the novel triple neurokinin 1, 2 and 3 receptor antagonist [1-(2-[(2R)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)morpholin-2-yl]ethyl)spiro[benzo[c]thiophene-1(3H),4'-piperidine]-(2S)-oxide hydrochloride] (CS-003) were evaluated in this study. The binding affinities of CS-003 were evaluated with human and guinea pig neurokinin receptors. As well, the in vivo antagonism of CS-003 against exogenous neurokinins and effects on capsaicin-induced and citric acid-induced responses were investigated in guinea pigs. CS-003 exhibited high affinities for human neurokinin 1, neurokinin 2 and neurokinin 3 receptors with Ki values (mean+/-S.E.M.) of 2.3+/-0.52, 0.54+/-0.11 and 0.74+/-0.17 nM, respectively, and for the guinea pig receptors with Ki values of 5.2+/-1.4, 0.47+/-0.075 and 0.71+/-0.27 nM, respectively. Competitive antagonism was indicated in a Schild analysis of substance P-, neurokinin A- and neurokinin B-induced inositol phosphate formation with pA2 values of 8.7, 9.4 and 9.5, respectively. CS-003 inhibited substance P-induced tracheal vascular hyperpermeability, neurokinin A- and neurokinin B-induced bronchoconstriction with ID50 values of 0.13, 0.040 and 0.063 mg/kg (i.v.), respectively. CS-003 also inhibited capsaicin-induced bronchoconstriction (ID50: 0.27 mg/kg, i.v.), which is caused by endogenous neurokinins. CS-003 significantly inhibited citric acid-induced coughs and the effect was greater than those of other selective neurokinin receptor antagonists. CS-003 is a potent antagonist of triple neurokinin receptors and may achieve the best therapeutic efficacy on respiratory diseases associated with neurokinins compared to selective neurokinin receptor antagonists.

['Animals', 'Bronchi', 'COS Cells', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Capsaicin', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Citric Acid', 'Cough', 'Cyclic S-Oxides', 'Dipeptides', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Indoles', 'Inositol Phosphates', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Morpholines', 'Neurokinin A', 'Neurokinin B', 'Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists', 'Receptors, Neurokinin-1', 'Receptors, Neurokinin-2', 'Receptors, Neurokinin-3', 'Substance P', 'Trachea']

[['B01.050'], ['A04.411.125'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['G03.143.330', 'G09.330.165'], ['D02.065.690.500', 'D02.455.326.271.690.222', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.099', 'D03.132.760.200', 'D10.251.355.325.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['D02.241.081.901.434.249'], ['C08.618.248', 'C23.888.852.293'], ['D02.886.124', 'D03.661.493'], ['D12.644.456.345'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['D02.033.800.519.400', 'D09.853.519.400', 'D09.894.480'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D03.383.533.640'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.500', 'D12.644.400.800.500', 'D12.644.456.800.500', 'D12.776.467.812.900.500', 'D12.776.631.650.800.500', 'D23.469.050.375.850.550', 'D23.529.812.900.500'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.550', 'D12.644.400.800.550', 'D12.644.456.800.550', 'D12.776.467.812.900.550', 'D12.776.631.650.800.550', 'D23.469.050.375.850.570', 'D23.529.812.900.550'], ['D27.505.519.625.487', 'D27.505.696.577.487'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.862.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.830.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.830.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.862.540', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.830.540', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.830.540'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.862.580', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.830.580', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.830.580'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.866', 'D12.644.400.800.750', 'D12.644.456.800.866', 'D12.776.467.812.900.866', 'D12.776.631.650.800.750', 'D23.469.050.375.850.890', 'D23.529.812.900.866'], ['A04.889']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']

[Is synovectomy a sure treatment procedure for synovial osteochondromatosis?].

In recent literature synovectomy is recommended for treating osteochondromatosis. In the case of a 25-year-old woman with an affected knee joint, who was treated with synovectomy, the authors observed recurrence 5 years later. Ten years after the operation a severe osteoarthritis had developed. Our experience suggests that this method should not be overestimated. F. Kroh came in 1932 to the same conclusion.

['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Joint Diseases', 'Joint Loose Bodies', 'Knee Joint', 'Osteochondritis', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prognosis', 'Synovectomy', 'Synovial Membrane']

[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550'], ['C05.550.535'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['C05.116.791', 'C05.182.520', 'C17.300.182.520'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.789'], ['E04.555.640'], ['A02.835.583.443.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Q fever and pregnancy: disease, prevention, and strain specificity.

The link between fetal morbidity and Q fever and the necessity of long-term antibiotics for Coxiella burnetii infection during pregnancy have been recently questioned in the Netherlands, where the clone responsible for the Q fever outbreak harbors the QpH1 plasmid. In this context, we assessed pregnancy outcomes according to antibiotic administration in a new series and compared the plasmid type between isolates associated with abortion and other clinical isolates to determine if there is a link between genotype and abortion in humans. All French patients who received a diagnosis of Q fever during pregnancy at the French National Referral Centre for Q Fever from 2006 through July 2011 were included. On the other hand, the plasmid types of 160 clinical isolates, including seven isolates from patients who experienced an abortion, were compared. The differences between the QpDV and QpH1 plasmid sequences were analyzed. Acute Q fever was a cause of fetal morbidity, and the absence of long-term cotrimoxazole therapy was associated with fetal death (p < 0.0001). Genotypic analysis showed that the QpDV plasmid was more frequent in isolates associated with abortion (p = 0.03). A comparison of the plasmid sequences revealed that four QpDV proteins had no direct counterparts in QpH1, with two whose functions were not present in QpH1. The different obstetrical morbidity of C. burnetii relative to different geographical areas could be related to strain specificity, possibly based on differences in plasmid sequences, or to a failure of public health authorities to detect early miscarriages.

['Abortion, Septic', 'Adult', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Coxiella burnetii', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Female', 'Fetal Mortality', 'France', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Plasmids', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious', 'Q Fever', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination', 'Virulence']

[['C01.674.173', 'C13.703.039.256', 'C13.703.700.173'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B03.440.400.425.297.150.100', 'B03.660.250.132.150.100'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.362', 'N01.224.935.698.300', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.362', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.362'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674', 'C13.703.700'], ['C01.150.252.400.755'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['D02.065.884.725.867.500', 'D02.092.146.807.867.500', 'D02.886.590.700.725.867.500', 'D03.383.742.906.500', 'D26.310.875'], ['G06.930']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

A novel induced-fit reaction mechanism of asymmetric hot dog thioesterase PAAI.

Hot dog fold proteins sharing the characteristic "hot dog" fold are known to involve certain coenzyme A binding enzymes with various oligomeric states. In order to elucidate the oligomerization-function relationship of the hot dog fold proteins, crystal structures of the phenylacetate degradation protein PaaI from Thermus thermophilus HB8 (TtPaaI), a tetrameric acyl-CoA thioesterase with the hot dog fold, have been determined and compared with those of other family members. In the liganded crystal forms with coenzyme A derivatives, only two of four intersubunit catalytic pockets of the TtPaaI tetramer are occupied by the ligands. A detailed structural comparison between several liganded and unliganded forms reveals that a subtle rigid-body rearrangement of subunits within 2 degrees upon binding of the first two ligand molecules can induce a strict negative cooperativity to prevent further binding at the remaining two pockets, indicating that the so-called "half-of-the-sites reactivity" of oligomeric enzymes is visualized for the first time. Considering kinetic and mutational analyses together, a possible reaction mechanism of TtPaaI is proposed; one tetramer binds only two acyl-CoA molecules with a novel asymmetric induced-fit mechanism and carries out the hydrolysis according to a base-catalyzed reaction through activation of a water molecule by Asp48. From a structural comparison with other family members, it is concluded that a subgroup of the hot dog fold protein family, referred to as "asymmetric hot dog thioesterases" including medium chain acyl-CoA thioesterase II from Escherichia coli and human thioesterase III, might share the same oligomerization mode and the asymmetric induced-fit mechanism as observed in TtPaaI.

['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Binding Sites', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Humans', 'Ligands', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Structure', 'Palmitoyl-CoA Hydrolase', 'Protein Folding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Thermus thermophilus']

[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D08.811.277.352.897.700'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['E05.393.751'], ['B03.440.400.425.875.875']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']

[Dynamics of electrophysiological parameters of the heart in hypertensive patients depending on a 24-h profile of arterial pressure, left ventricular geometry and metabolic disorders].

AIM: To examine conduction system and repolarization in the ventricles and heart rate variability in hypertensive patients with consideration of 24-h blood pressure profile, left ventricular (LV) geometry and metabolic disorders.MATERIAL AND METHODS: 24-h monitoring of blood pressure, diagnostic transesophageal electrostimulation of the left ventricle, echocardiography were made and duration and dispersion of QT interval, variability of the intervals R-R (SDNN) were assessed in 73 untreated patients aged 42 to 57 years with essential hypertension of the second degree.RESULTS: It is shown that hypertensive patients having left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), metabolic syndrome (MS) and pathologic 24-h blood pressure profile have also a depressed function of the sinus-atrial node and atrioventricular conduction, marked electric instability of the atria and ventricles. Such patients are at high risk to develop arrhythmia (3-5 times higher than patients without LVH, MS, with normal circadian blood pressure rhythm).CONCLUSION: Electric heart remodeling associated with LVH, MS and disturbances of circadian blood pressure pattern enhances electric instability and risk to develop cardiac arrhythmia.

['Adult', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory', 'Disease Progression', 'Echocardiography', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Sinoatrial Node', 'Ventricular Remodeling']

[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.140.100', 'E01.370.520.500.100'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C18.452.394.968.500.570', 'C18.452.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['A07.541.409.819'], ['C23.300.985', 'G09.330.955.975']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

[Adaptation reactions of the body in fractures and fracture-dislocations of the bones of the foot].

Having analysed the results of studies of the morphological composition of blood in 136 patients the author established that adaptation reactions (e. g. stress, training, activation) in their identification according to the hematologic values reflect the clinical course of the posttraumatic processes and may be used for the prognosis of the complications and for the control of the effectiveness of the treatment.

['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Foot Injuries', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Joint Dislocations', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis']

[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C26.558.300'], ['C26.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.518', 'C26.289'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Delayed prenatal care and the risk of low birth weight delivery.

To determine if the timing of prenatal care is associated with low birth weight delivery after adjusting for sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors, we performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of singleton births to white (2,945,595) or African-American (552,068) women in the United States in 1996. When adjusted for race, maternal age, educational level attained, and the use of alcohol and tobacco during pregnancy, women beginning care in the 2nd (adjusted RR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.83-0.86) and 3rd trimesters (RR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.84-0.91) had a reduced risk of low birth weight compared to women beginning care in the 1st trimester. Our findings suggest that no benefit exists for early initiation of prenatal care for reducing the risk of low birth weight. Findings related to differences in low birth weight among women who start prenatal care later are likely due to sociodemographic differences that may influence access to early care.

['Adult', 'African Americans', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Birth Certificates', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Educational Status', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Low Birth Weight', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnant Women', 'Prenatal Care', 'Regression Analysis', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Smoking Prevention', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'United States']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['E05.318.308.940.250', 'L01.399.250.900.250', 'N04.452.859.132', 'N05.715.360.300.715.175', 'N06.850.520.308.940.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['N01.824.196'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520.460'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['M01.975.807'], ['E02.760.786', 'N02.421.143.620.704', 'N02.421.585.786'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['I02.233.332.812', 'N02.421.726.407.840'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

[Experience with postmortem chromosome analysis].

Over the years 1986-1988 necroptic material, collected according to 5 established indication groups, was cultured. A total of 202 samples of necroptic material cultured and 122 of these samples were analyzed cytogenetically. Seventeen pathologic karyotypes were diagnosed in the material, namely 7 cases of Down's syndrome, 2 cases of Klinefelter's syndrome, 2 cases of D/D translocation, 1 case of Turner's syndrome, 1 case of gonosomal mosaicism, and 1 case of Patau's syndrome.

['Autopsy', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosome Disorders', 'Culture Techniques', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Karyotyping']

[['E01.370.060', 'E05.070', 'I01.198.780.937.120'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['C16.131.260', 'C16.320.180'], ['E05.481.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor blockade promotes ccr9(+) lymphocyte expansion in Nod2 deficient mice.

BACKGROUND: Ileal involvement in Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with NOD2 mutations and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor autoantibodies (GM-CSF Ab), and GM-CSF blockade promotes ileitis in Nod2/Card15-deficient (C15KO) mice. RALDH2-expressing dendritic cells (DC) and IL-4 promote CCR9 imprinting and small bowel homing of T lymphocytes, in conjunction with CCL25 expression by ileal epithelial cells (IEC). We hypothesized that GM-CSF neutralization promotes ileal disease by modulating expression of CCL25 by IEC and CCR9 by T lymphocytes via Nod2-dependent and independent pathways.METHODS: CCL25 and CCR9 expression were determined in pediatric CD patients stratified by GM-CSF Ab. Ileitis was induced in C15KO mice via GM-CSF Ab administration followed by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) exposure, and expression of CCL25, CCR9, FOXP3, intracellular cytokines, and RALDH2 was determined in IEC and immune cell populations.RESULTS: The frequency of CCL25(+) IEC and CCR9(+) T lymphocytes was increased in CD patients with elevated GM-CSF Ab. In the murine model, GM-CSF blockade alone induced IEC CCL25 expression, and reduced the frequency of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) CD4(+) FOXP3(+) cells, while Card15 deficiency alone enhanced MLN DC RALDH2 expression. Both GM-CSF neutralization and Card15 deficiency were required for downregulation of MLN DC IL-10 expression; under these conditions NSAID exposure led to an expansion of IL-4(+) and IL-17(+) CCR9(+) lymphocytes in the ileum.CONCLUSIONS: GM-CSF prevents ileal expansion of CCR9(+) lymphocytes via Nod2-dependent and independent pathways. CCR9 blockade may be beneficial in CD patients with elevated GM-CSF Ab.

['Aldehyde Oxidoreductases', 'Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Chemokines, CC', 'Child', 'Crohn Disease', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Humans', 'Ileitis', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Interleukin-10', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mutation', 'Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Receptors, CCR']

[['D08.811.682.657.163'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110', 'D23.125.300.110', 'D23.469.200.110', 'D23.529.374.200.110'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.375', 'D12.776.395.240.300', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.375', 'D23.529.374.410.240.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.205.462.624', 'C06.405.469.326.875', 'C06.405.469.420.520'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.644.360.024.131.500', 'D12.644.360.024.313.500', 'D12.644.360.075.358.500', 'D12.644.360.539.500.500', 'D12.776.157.057.006.500', 'D12.776.157.057.078.500', 'D12.776.476.024.139.500', 'D12.776.476.024.391.500', 'D12.776.476.075.358.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.150', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.150']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Homozygous frameshift mutations in FAT1 cause a syndrome characterized by colobomatous-microphthalmia, ptosis, nephropathy and syndactyly.

A failure in optic fissure fusion during development can lead to blinding malformations of the eye. Here, we report a syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphism, colobomatous microphthalmia, ptosis and syndactyly with or without nephropathy, associated with homozygous frameshift mutations in FAT1. We show that Fat1 knockout mice and zebrafish embryos homozygous for truncating fat1a mutations exhibit completely penetrant coloboma, recapitulating the most consistent developmental defect observed in affected individuals. In human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, the primary site for the fusion of optic fissure margins, FAT1 is localized at earliest cell-cell junctions, consistent with a role in facilitating optic fissure fusion during vertebrate eye development. Our findings establish FAT1 as a gene with pleiotropic effects in human, in that frameshift mutations cause a severe multi-system disorder whereas recessive missense mutations had been previously associated with isolated glomerulotubular nephropathy.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Animals', 'Blepharoptosis', 'Cadherins', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Coloboma', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Eye', 'Facial Bones', 'Female', 'Frameshift Mutation', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Junctions', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Microphthalmos', 'Organogenesis', 'Primary Cell Culture', 'Retinal Pigment Epithelium', 'Syndactyly', 'Syndrome', 'Whole Exome Sequencing', 'Young Adult', 'Zebrafish', 'Zebrafish Proteins']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['C11.338.204'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200.200', 'D23.050.301.350.200'], ['A11.251'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C11.250.110', 'C11.270.147', 'C16.131.384.282'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['A16.254'], ['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['A02.835.232.781.324'], ['G05.365.590.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.149.165.420'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['C11.250.566', 'C16.131.384.666'], ['G07.345.500.325.377', 'G08.686.784.170.450'], ['E01.370.225.500.223.500', 'E05.200.500.265.500', 'E05.242.223.500', 'E05.481.500.249.500'], ['A09.371.670.500', 'A09.371.729.887'], ['C05.116.099.370.894.819', 'C05.660.585.800', 'C05.660.906.819', 'C16.131.621.585.800', 'C16.131.621.906.819'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['E05.393.760.700.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.815'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828'], ['D12.776.325.500']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Primary transcutaneous lower blepharoplasty with routine lateral canthal support: a comprehensive 10-year review.

BACKGROUND: Rejuvenation of the lower eyelid often requires tightening of excess skin and muscle and removal or transposition of orbital fat. Although transcutaneous lower blepharoplasty can accomplish these aesthetic demands, it has been associated with an increased risk of lower lid malposition. Routine lateral canthal support during lower blepharoplasty has recently been advocated to minimize this risk. This study reviewed the outcome of a surgeon's 10-year experience with primary lower transcutaneous blepharoplasty and lateral canthal support consisting of canthopexy, canthoplasty, and orbicularis suspension.METHODS: A retrospective chart review of a primary lower transcutaneous blepharoplasty series over a 10-year period was performed. Patients with a history of prior eyelid surgery for blepharoplasty or midface lift were excluded. Preoperative demographic and morphological data from patient charts and standardized photographs obtained before and after surgery were evaluated by an independent observer. Surgical technique and management of complications were determined from operative reports and clinical notes.RESULTS: There were 264 patients with a median follow-up of 264 days (range, 60 to 2410 days). Lid malposition requiring operative correction occurred in nine patients (3.5 percent). Additional complications included orbital hematoma in one patient (0.4 percent), chemosis in 32 patients (12.1 percent), and blepharitis in 10 patients (3.8 percent). Minor surgical revisions unrelated to lid malposition were performed on 31 patients (11.7 percent) for correction of subciliary incision cysts or granulomas, canthal suture inflammation, and canthal webbing.CONCLUSIONS: Lateral canthal support should be considered a routine component of lower transcutaneous blepharoplasty to obtain the desired aesthetic result and maintain the natural appearance of the eyelid shape. The associated complication rate is acceptable.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Blepharoplasty', 'Eyelids', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.540.104', 'E04.680.275.090'], ['A01.456.505.420.504', 'A09.371.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

Serial MRI to determine the effect of dexamethasone on the cerebral pathology of tuberculous meningitis: an observational study.

BACKGROUND: Adjunctive dexamethasone increases survival from tuberculous meningitis, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We aimed to determine the effect of dexamethasone on cerebral MRI changes and their association with intracerebral inflammatory responses and clinical outcome in adults treated for tuberculous meningitis.METHODS: Cerebral MRI was undertaken, when possible, at diagnosis and after 60 days and 270 days of treatment in adults with tuberculous meningitis admitted to two hospitals in Vietnam. Patients were randomly assigned either dexamethasone (n=24) or placebo (n=19) and received 9 months of treatment with standard first-line antituberculosis drugs. We assessed associations between MRI findings, treatment allocation, and resolution of fever, coma, cerebrospinal fluid inflammation, and neurological outcome.FINDINGS: 83 scans were done for 43 patients: 19 given placebo, 24 given dexamethasone. Basal meningeal enhancement (82%) and hydrocephalus (77%) were the most common presenting findings. Fewer patients had hydrocephalus after 60 days of treatment with dexamethasone than after placebo treatment (p=0.217). Tuberculomas developed in 74% of patients during treatment and in equal proportions in the treatment groups; they were associated with long-term fever, but not relapse or poor clinical outcome. The basal ganglia were the most common site of infarction; the proportion with infarction after 60 days was halved in the dexamethasone group (27%vs 58%, p=0.130).INTERPRETATION: Dexamethasone may affect outcome from tuberculous meningitis by reducing hydrocephalus and preventing infarction. The effect may have been under-estimated because the most severe patients could not be scanned.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'Brain', 'Cerebral Infarction', 'Cohort Studies', 'Dexamethasone', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrocephalus', 'Inflammation', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tuberculoma', 'Tuberculosis, Meningeal']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477.200', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200.200', 'C14.907.253.092.477.200', 'C14.907.253.855.200.200', 'C23.550.513.355.250.200', 'C23.550.717.489.250.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.602'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D23.469'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.493'], ['C01.150.252.223.500.937', 'C01.150.252.223.850.800', 'C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.570.600', 'C01.207.180.500.937', 'C01.207.180.850.800', 'C10.228.228.180.500.937', 'C10.228.228.180.850.800', 'C10.228.614.280.915']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']

Manganese decreases glutamate uptake in cultured astrocytes.

Recent data have shown an accumulation of manganese in the basal ganglia in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Astrocytes and ammonia are critically involved in the pathogenesis of HE, and we have recently demonstrated that ammonia decreases glutamate uptake in cultured astrocytes. Since failure by astrocytes to take up glutamate may represent an important pathogenetic mechanism in HE, we, therefore, examined the effect of manganese on glutamate transport in these cells. Treatment of cultured astrocytes with 100 microM manganese for 2 days resulted in a 54% decrease in the uptake of D-aspartate, a nonmetabolizable analogue of glutamate. Kinetic analysis revealed a 28% decline in Vmax, with no change in the K(m). Treatment of cultures with 5 mM NH4 Cl inhibited D-aspartate uptake by 21%, and a combination of 5 mM NH4Cl with 100 microM manganese produced an additive effect on uptake inhibition. These results suggest a pathogenetic role for manganese in HE, possibly involving glutamate transport.

['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Ammonia', 'Animals', 'Aspartic Acid', 'Astrocytes', 'Biological Transport', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Drug Combinations', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Kinetics', 'Manganese', 'Rats', 'Sucrose']

[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D01.362.075', 'D01.625.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.125.067.500', 'D12.125.119.170', 'D12.125.427.040'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.251'], ['D26.310'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D01.268.556.484', 'D01.268.956.374', 'D01.552.544.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

The Chinese Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale improved (MESSi): validity, reliability, and associations with sleep quality, personality, affect and life satisfaction.

Individual differences in time of day preference have important correlates. Morningness is associated with greater well-being, while eveningness is associated with more maladaptive behaviors, psychological distress, and disorder. The availability of valid, reliable, questionnaire scales is central to this ongoing research. The recently developed Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale improved (MESSi) utilizes items from previously established scales to assess the dimensions of Morning Affect (MA), Eveningness (EV), and amplitude of diurnal variation/distinctness (DI). The current study developed a Chinese version of the MESSi scale. A sample of 767 Chinese university students completed the translated MESSi, the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), and scales assessing sleep quality, positive and negative affect, the big five personality dimensions, and life satisfaction. An independent sample of 80 undergraduates completed the MESSi twice over a 14-19 day period. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis both supported the original three-factor structure of the MESSi, with the subscales of MA, EV, and DI. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were acceptable/good, and expected correlations with other measures were found, including: MA correlated positively with the rMEQ, conscientiousness, positive affect, and life satisfaction; EV correlated negatively with rMEQ and conscientiousness; DI correlated positively with poor sleep quality, negative affect, and neuroticism. Overall, the results support the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the MESSi.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Affect', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Individuality', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Personal Satisfaction', 'Personality', 'Sleep', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.047'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.488'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.677'], ['F01.752'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

Minisequencing with acyclonucleoside triphosphates tethered to lanthanide(III) chelates.

Four acyclic nucleoside triphosphates (derivatives of cytosine, thymine, 7-deazaadenine, and 7-deazaguanine) labeled with nonluminescent europium, terbium, dysprosium, and samarium chelates of 2,2',2'',2'''-[[4-(4-isothiocyanatophenyl)ethyl]pyridine-2,6-diyl]bis(methylenenitrilo)]tetrakis(acetic acid) were applied to minisequencing using two mutations (Delta F 508 and 1717-1 G to A) of cystic fibrosis as a model system. When synthetic targets were used, all four alleles involved could be analyzed in a single reaction using four terminating substrates labeled with four different lanthanide(III) chelates and DELFIA technology for detection. Blood spot samples without DNA isolations were used for PCR amplification and genotyping the target mutations by minisequencing. The single- and dual-labeled minisequencing assays were robust, while the four-label assay still requires further optimization of the multiplexed PCR amplification.

['Base Sequence', 'Chelating Agents', 'Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator', 'Genotype', 'Lanthanoid Series Elements', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleotides', 'Oligonucleotides', 'Point Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Staining and Labeling']

[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D27.505.519.914.500', 'D27.720.832.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.100.304.500', 'D12.776.157.530.400.175.125', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.125', 'D12.776.543.585.100.304.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.500.500'], ['G05.380'], ['D01.268.558.362', 'D01.552.550.399'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D09.408.620', 'D13.695'], ['D13.695.578.424'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Effects of antiresorptive agents on osteomyelitis: novel insights into the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the jaw.

The effects of antiresorptive agents (e.g., alendronate [Aln], osteoprotegerin [OPG]) on bone infection are unknown. Thus, their effects on implant-associated osteomyelitis (OM) were investigated in mice using PBS (placebo), gentamycin, and etanercept (TNFR:Fc) controls. None of the drugs affected humoral immunity, angiogenesis, or chronic infection. However, the significant (P < 0.05 vs. PBS) inhibition of cortical osteolysis and decreased draining lymph node size in Aln- and OPG-treated mice was associated with a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the incidence of high-grade infections during the establishment of OM. In contrast, the high-grade infections in TNFR:Fc-treated mice were associated with immunosuppression, as evidenced by the absence of granulomas and presence of Gram(+) biofilm in the bone marrow. Collectively, these findings indicate that although antiresorptive agents do not exacerbate chronic OM, they can increase the bacterial load during early infection by decreasing lymphatic drainage and preventing the removal of necrotic bone that harbors the bacteria.

['Animals', 'Biofilms', 'Bone Density Conservation Agents', 'Chronic Disease', 'Cytokines', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Humans', 'Immunity', 'Incidence', 'Jaw Diseases', 'Mice', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Osteoclasts', 'Osteomyelitis', 'Osteonecrosis', 'Staphylococcal Infections']

[['B01.050'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['D27.505.696.242'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C05.500', 'C07.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G09.330.630'], ['A11.329.372.700', 'A11.627.482.700'], ['C01.160.495', 'C05.116.165.495'], ['C05.116.852', 'C23.550.717.732'], ['C01.150.252.410.868']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

A technique for arthroscopic mattress suture placement.

Many techniques and instrument systems have been developed for performing arthroscopic Bankart repair and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. These procedures often use multiple simple sutures placed in the repaired tissue. The use of a mattress suture design allows for inversion or eversion of the repaired tissue, greater repair strength, and provides a greater area of soft tissue apposition to bone. Described is a technique for arthroscopic mattress suture placement. We have used this technique primarily for arthroscopic Bankart repair and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Suture material of any type may be used with this technique.

['Arthroscopes', 'Humans', 'Rotator Cuff', 'Rotator Cuff Injuries', 'Surgical Instruments', 'Suture Techniques', 'Sutures']

[['E07.230.220.060', 'E07.858.240.060'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.633.567.912', 'A02.880.700'], ['C26.761.340', 'C26.803.063', 'C26.874.400'], ['E07.858.700'], ['E04.987.775'], ['E07.858.690.820']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']

[Effect of pyruvate dehydrogenase coenzymes and mitochondrial proteins on the accumulation of [35S]lipoic acid].

Coenzymes introduced in the ratio, peculiar for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex into the medium containing fresh-isolated mitochondria and oxidation substrate--pyruvate increase accumulation of [35S] lipoate by these organelles. This process is highly stimulated by introducing either the only CoA or a coenzyme mixture (CoA, thiamine pyrophosphate, FAD, NAD). Addition of phosphate-extracted components of mitochondria and their protein fraction with coenzymes in the ratio indicated above provides maximum accumulation of [35S] lipoate by liver mitochondria. An equimolar mixture of coenzymes as well as protein components evoke no reliable variations in [35S] lipoate accumulation by albino rat liver mitochondria, while addition of the only thiamine pyrophosphate decreases this accumulation. Reconstruction of multienzyme complexes of coenzymes and apoenzymes on mitochondrion membranes accounts for the results obtained.

['Animals', 'Coenzymes', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Mitochondria, Liver', 'Multienzyme Complexes', 'Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex', 'Rats', 'Thioctic Acid']

[['B01.050'], ['D08.211'], ['E05.481'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.461', 'A11.284.835.626.461'], ['D05.500.562', 'D08.811.600'], ['D05.500.562.625', 'D08.811.600.741'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D02.241.803', 'D02.886.778.827', 'D08.211.906', 'D10.251.941']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Spot size reduction in coupling of laser to micromanipulator in laser microsurgery by fiberoptic link.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In coupling laser with micromanipulator through fiberoptics, the resulting diameter of the spot is limited by the laws of geometrical optics, because of the high numerical aperture (N.A.) of fiberoptic radiation. A new method for the reduction of spot size diameter is suggested.STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The output of a 2 mW He-Ne laser was couped via fiberoptic link, the fiberoptic output light collected by a single lens collimator and directed to the input of the micromanipulator.RESULTS: The spot size can be considerably reduced by the introduction of an aperture which reduces the numerical aperture (N.A.) of the fiberoptic. The resulting reduction in total power has little effect on the power density.CONCLUSION: This approach to the collimator design permits reduction in spot size without any significant changes in power density, thus avoiding damage to the tissue and obtaining optimum performance from the micromanipulator.

['Algorithms', 'Equipment Design', 'Fiber Optic Technology', 'Helium', 'Laser Therapy', 'Lasers', 'Lenses', 'Micromanipulation', 'Microsurgery', 'Neon', 'Surface Properties']

[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.320'], ['H01.671.617.249'], ['D01.268.613.350', 'D01.362.641.352'], ['E02.594', 'E04.014.520'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['E07.632.500'], ['E05.591'], ['E04.494', 'E05.591.580'], ['D01.268.613.600', 'D01.362.641.592'], ['G02.860']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Cancer Screening Patterns Among Current, Former, and Never Smokers in the United States, 2010-2015.

Importance: National guidelines recommend screening for several cancer types, yet screening rates remain below target. To date, cancer screening patterns by smoking status, a major cancer risk factor, are unknown.Objective: To assess cancer screening patterns among individuals who never smoked (never smokers), formerly smoked (former smokers), and currently smoke (current smokers) in the United States.Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study assessed data from the National Health Interview Survey years 2010, 2013, and 2015. Adult participants (aged ?18 years) who had never reported a cancer diagnosis were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed from August 1, 2018, through February 1, 2019.Exposures: Receipt of cancer screening, including colonoscopy, mammography, prostate-specific antigen testing, and Papanicolaou test per the US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines.Main Outcomes and Measures: Multivariable logistic regression defined adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% CIs for undergoing cancer screening by smoking status. Among participants who received a specific screening test, AORs and 95% CIs of receiving the test within guideline-recommended intervals were also assessed.Results: Among 83 176 participants (45 851 [55.1%] women; mean [SD] age, 47 [18] years), 51 014 (61.3%) were never smokers; 17 235 (20.7%), former smokers; and 14 927 (17.9%), current smokers. Compared with never smokers, current smokers were less likely to ever have received a colonoscopy (43.8% vs 57.7%; AOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.68-0.82; P < .001), mammogram (88.8% vs 93.3%; AOR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.57-0.87; P = .001), or prostate-specific antigen test (46.1% vs 60.8%; AOR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64-0.90; P = .001). Among those who had ever received a specific screening test, current smokers were less likely to have undergone colonoscopy (92.1% vs 95.1%; AOR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59-0.96; P = .02), mammography (62.4% vs 79.4%; AOR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.45-0.60; P < .001), or Papanicolaou test (80.9% vs 90.8%; AOR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.56-0.67; P < .001) within the recommended time frame compared with never smokers. Former smokers were more likely than never smokers to undergo any of the screening studies evaluated, with the exception of prostate-specific antigen screening (colonoscopy, 65.2% vs 57.7%; AOR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.12-1.30; P < .001; mammography, 95.7% vs 93.3%; AOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.07-1.70; P = .01; Papanicolaou test, 97.6% vs 91.4%; AOR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.93-3.26; P < .001).Conclusions and Relevance: This study found that current smokers appeared to be less likely to receive guideline-concordant screening studies for breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer compared with never smokers. Further research is needed to identify barriers to screening among current smokers with the goal of increasing acceptance and uptake of cancer screening among this population at high risk of cancer.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Attitude to Health', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Smokers', 'United States', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E01.390.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['M01.808'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Stalk domain of the dynamin-like MxA GTPase protein mediates membrane binding and liposome tubulation via the unstructured L4 loop.

The human MxA protein is an interferon-induced large GTPase with antiviral activity against a wide range of viruses, including influenza viruses. Recent structural data demonstrated that MxA oligomerizes into multimeric filamentous or ring-like structures by virtue of its stalk domain. Here, we show that negatively charged lipid membranes support MxA self-assembly. Like dynamin, MxA assembled around spherical liposomes inducing liposome tubulation. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy revealed that MxA oligomers around liposomes have a "T-bar" shape similar to dynamin. Moreover, biochemical assays indicated that the unstructured L4 loop of the MxA stalk serves as the lipid-binding moiety, and mutational analysis of L4 revealed that a stretch of four lysine residues is critical for binding. The orientation of the MxA molecule within the membrane-associated oligomer is in agreement with the proposed topology of MxA oligomers based on crystallographic data. Although oligomerization of wild-type MxA around liposomes led to the creation of helically decorated tubes similar to those formed by dynamin, this lipid interaction did not stimulate GTPase activity, in sharp contrast to the assembly-stimulated nucleotide hydrolysis observed with dynamin. Moreover, MxA readily self-assembles into rings at physiological conditions, as opposed to dynamin which self-assembles only at low salt conditions or onto lipids. Thus, the present results indicate that the oligomeric structures formed by MxA critically differ from those of dynamin.

['Cryoelectron Microscopy', 'Dynamins', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Guanosine Triphosphate', 'Humans', 'Hydrolysis', 'Membrane Lipids', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Mutation', 'Myxovirus Resistance Proteins', 'Protein Multimerization', 'Protein Structure, Quaternary', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']

[['E01.370.350.515.402.150', 'E05.595.402.150'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.200', 'D12.776.220.600.450.200', 'D12.776.543.990.400'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.504', 'D13.695.667.454.504', 'D13.695.827.426.504'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.380'], ['D10.570'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.550', 'D12.776.157.325.636'], ['G02.111.694'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.550'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction as a new clean-up procedure for the determination of parabens, perfluorinated compounds, UV filters, biocides, surfactants, and plasticizers in root vegetables.

An analytical method based on ultrasound-assisted extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) clean-up has been developed and validated for the determination of 31 emerging pollutants in root vegetables. The target compounds were four preservatives, six perfluoroalkyl compounds, six UV filters, two biocides, eight anionic surfactants, three nonionic surfactants, and two plasticizers. The type and volume of the extraction solvent, those of the disperser solvent, the pH and NaCl content of the DLLME aqueous phase, the amount of sample, and the sonication time were optimized. Box-Behnken experimental design was applied to select the best extraction conditions. Matrix-matched calibration curves were used for quantification. Four internal standards were used to compensate for residual matrix effects. Good linearity (R2 > 0.990), accuracies (expressed as the relative recovery) of >82%, and precisions (expressed as the relative standard deviation) of <18% were achieved. Method quantification limits (MQLs), calculated from spiked samples as the concentrations corresponding to signal-to-noise ratios of 10, were in the range 0.1-25 ng g-1 dry weight (d.w.). MQL values for 26 of the 31 target compounds were lower than 5 ng g-1 d.w. The method was successfully applied to determine the target pollutants in carrots, potatoes, and turnips from a local market. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed method constitutes the first application of DLLME as a clean-up procedure for the multiresidue determination of emerging pollutants in vegetables. The method affords similar recoveries and method detection limits to previously reported methods but requires smaller solvent volumes and sample amounts and is less expensive.

['Chromatography, Liquid', 'Disinfectants', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Fluorocarbons', 'Limit of Detection', 'Liquid Phase Microextraction', 'Parabens', 'Plant Roots', 'Plasticizers', 'Sunscreening Agents', 'Surface-Active Agents', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry', 'Vegetables']

[['E05.196.181.400'], ['D27.505.954.122.425', 'D27.720.274'], ['D27.888.284'], ['D02.455.526.510.435'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['E05.196.155.650.500'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.460', 'D02.241.511.390.460', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.460', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.460'], ['A18.400'], ['D27.720.760'], ['D27.505.696.706.776.800', 'D27.505.954.444.695', 'D27.720.269.800', 'D27.720.799.763.764'], ['D27.720.877'], ['E05.196.566.880'], ['B01.650.160.956', 'B01.650.510.956', 'G07.203.300.850', 'J02.500.850']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

A high level of thymine replacement by 5-hydroxymethyluracil in nuclear DNA of the primitive dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans E.

The nuclei of dinoflagellate protists display several distinctive features which make it difficult to assign these organisms as either eukaryotes or prokaryotes. We investigated some physical properties of purified nuclear DNA from the primitive species Prorocentrum micans. Nuclear DNA was separated on a CsCl gradient, into two components, which banded with relative densities of 1.7240 g/cm3 for the main peak and 1.7301 g/cm3 for the heavy shoulder. Thermal denaturation of nuclear DNA displayed a broad profile with a Tm of 71 degrees C. A large discrepancy was thus revealed between the apparent (G + C) content as determined from density (65.4%) and that from Tm (41.7%) while the actual (G + C) content determined by 32P nucleotide chromatography was shown to be 57.1%. The abnormal behaviour of this DNA was due to the presence of an unusual nucleotide which was identified as 5-hydroxymethyluridylate (HOMedUMP) from its chromatographic and U.V. spectral characteristics. It amounted to 13.4% of the total nucleotides and replaced an average of 62.8% of the expected thymidylate (dTMP). Composition analysis of different fractions of the CsCl gradient revealed that the unusual pyrimidine, 5-hydroxymethyluracil, was not uniformly interspersed with thymine in the DNA; the substitution rate increased with the relative density of the DNA. A minor component was also found, tentatively identified as 5-methylcytidylate (MedCMP) from its chromatographic properties, which amounted to less than 0.5 mol percent.

['Animals', 'Base Composition', 'Centrifugation, Density Gradient', 'Cytosine', 'DNA', 'Dinoflagellida', 'Guanine', 'Nucleic Acid Denaturation', 'Pentoxyl', 'Thymine', 'Uracil']

[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.080'], ['E05.181.724.336', 'E05.196.941.336'], ['D03.383.742.698.421'], ['D13.444.308'], ['B01.043.214'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454'], ['E05.393.640', 'G02.111.603', 'G05.627'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.700'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.899'], ['D03.383.742.698.875']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Regional differences in olfactory epithelial homeostasis in the adult mouse.

The olfactory sensory neurons in the nasal cavity of the adult mouse are organized into a few regions that differ in their molecular properties, as several classes of genes show regional expression. Most renowned is the fact that expression of each of hundreds of different odorant receptor genes is limited to one such region, or zone, of the olfactory neuroepithelial sheet. Zone differences are in place at birth, as exemplified here by the expression of neuronal progenitor marker Foxg1. We herein describe that an adult pattern showing regional differences in neurogenesis develops during the first few weeks of postnatal life which, e.g., is reflected in the temporal and regional regulation of the neuronal progenitor marker Ascl1. The most dorsomedial zone shows significantly fewer cells in S-phase in the adult but not in newborn mice by two different measures. Moreover, we show that there are regional differences in the relative differentiation, cell survival, and thickness of the olfactory epithelium. These findings are compatible with the view that zones are inherently distinct and that such differences contribute to generate regional differences in cellular homeostasis that in turn may modulate the capacity of a region to adjust to extrinsic influence.

['Aging', 'Animals', 'Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors', 'Bromodeoxyuridine', 'Cell Survival', 'Forkhead Transcription Factors', 'Histones', 'Homeostasis', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neurogenesis', 'Neurons', 'Olfactory Mucosa', 'RNA, Messenger']

[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.260.103', 'D12.776.930.125'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.150', 'D13.570.230.430.196', 'D13.570.685.852.300.150'], ['G04.346'], ['D12.776.260.950.249', 'D12.776.930.977.249'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['G07.410'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D12.776.631'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A04.531.520.573', 'A04.760.600.640', 'A09.531.623', 'A10.615.550.760.600.640'], ['D13.444.735.544']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Mechanisms and biomarkers of cardiovascular injury induced by phosphodiesterase inhibitor III SK&F 95654 in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

The cardiovascular injury of the type III selective PDE inhibitor SK&F 95654 was investigated in SHR. Twenty-four hours after a single sc injection of 100 or 200 mg/kg of the drug, rats exhibited cardiomyocyte necrosis and apoptosis, interstitial inflammation, hemorrhage and edema, as well as mesenteric arterial hemorrhage and necrosis, periarteritis, EC and VSMC apoptosis, EC activation, and MC activation and degranulation. Elevated serum levels of cTnT and decreased cTnT immunoperoxidase staining on cardiomyocytes were detected in the drug-treated rats. Serum levels of alpha2-macroglobulin and IL-6 were significantly elevated following drug treatment. NMR spectral patterns of urine samples are significantly different between the drug-treated and control rats. These results indicate that measurement of serum cTnT, acute phase proteins, and cytokines as well as metabonomic urine profiles may serve as potential biomarkers for drug-induced cardiovascular injury in rats. Increased expression of CD63 on MC (tissue biomarker of MC), of nitrotyrosine on MC and EC (an indirect indicator of NO in vivo), and of iNOS on MC and EC (source of NO) suggest that NO produced by activated and degranulated MC as well as activated EC play an important role in SK&F 95654-induced mesenteric vascular injury.

['Alanine Transaminase', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Aspartate Aminotransferases', 'Biomarkers', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cardiovascular System', 'Creatine', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Hippurates', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Interleukin-6', 'Male', 'Mast Cells', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors', 'Pyridazines', 'Pyridines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Taurine', 'Troponin', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'alpha-Macroglobulins']

[['D08.811.913.477.700.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D08.811.913.477.700.225'], ['D23.101'], ['C14'], ['A07'], ['D02.078.370.280', 'D12.125.373'], ['A11.436.275'], ['D02.065.277.431', 'D02.241.223.100.100.400', 'D02.241.755.360', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.460'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['A11.329.427', 'A15.382.652'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['D27.505.519.389.735'], ['D03.383.710'], ['D03.383.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.850', 'D02.886.645.600.055.850'], ['D05.500.945', 'D05.750.078.730.825', 'D12.776.210.500.910', 'D12.776.220.525.825'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['D12.776.124.050.080', 'D12.776.124.790.106.100', 'D12.776.124.790.720.100', 'D12.776.377.715.085.100', 'D12.776.377.715.647.100']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

A clinically relevant orthotopic implantation nude mouse model of human epithelial ovarian cancer--based on consecutive observation.

The aim of this study is to establish an orthotopic implantation nude mouse model of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and observe its biologic features. A human ovarian tumor line SKOV3ipl previously grown subcutaneously was implanted orthotopically as intact tissue into the ovarian capsule of 64 nude mice. Every week eight mice were taken randomly, and the tumor growth pattern and extent of metastatic disease were monitored continuously. Those mice that died of disease were necropsied and the end date was recorded. The orthotopic implanted tumors demonstrated a 100% take rate. Three weeks after implantation the tumors grew fast and weighed 1149 +/- 152 mg, and 5 weeks after implantation the tumors reached a flat stage. The tumors metastasized more often to peritoneum (32/56) and diaphragm (18/56), then to pelvic lymph nodes (11/56) and lung (10/56), and then to the seldom invaded organs including the pancreas, the liver, the contralateral ovary, and the para-aortic lymph node. Eight nude mice became exhausted 7 weeks after implantation and died within 68 days after implantation. Our study, utilizing the SKOV3ipl cell, is the first model of consecutive observation of the process of invasion and metastasis of EOC. It should be useful in understanding the molecular biology of EOC and in the development of therapeutic modalities against metastasis.

['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Survival Rate']

[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['E05.624'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

[Task differentiation, in pathology as well].

The field of clinical pathology, like other medical professions, is becoming more and more complex, leading to a need for subspecialisation and task differentiation. Whereas the deployment of Physician Assistants is common in other specialties, it is still rare in pathology. Although legal regulations state that histopathological diagnoses can only be made by pathologists, this does not mean that Physician Assistants cannot play a role in pathology. Within the legal regulations they can assist in screening cytological specimens and 'simple' histological specimens. They can also assist in the preparation of macroscopical specimens. These not only include specimens such as gallbladders and appendices, but also oncological specimens such as colon carcinoma resection, in which it has been demonstrated that on average, Pathology Assistants find more lymph nodes than pathologists.

['Humans', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Pathology, Clinical', 'Physician Assistants', "Physician's Role", 'Task Performance and Analysis', 'Workforce']

[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['H02.403.650.500'], ['M01.526.485.067.740', 'N02.360.067.740'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.600'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600'], ['N04.452.525']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

No cost of echolocation for bats in flight.

Echolocation has evolved in relatively few animal species. One constraint may be the high cost of producing pulses, the echoes of which can be detected over useful distances. The energy cost of echolocation in a small (6 g) insectivorous bat, when hanging at rest, was recently measured at 0.067 Joules per pulse, implying a mean cost for echolocation in flight of 9.5 x basal metabolic rate (range 7 to 12x). Because flight is very costly, whether the costs of echolocation and flying are additive is an important question. We measured the energy costs of flight in two species of small echolocating Microchiroptera using a novel combination of respirometry and doubly-labelled water. Flight energy expenditure (adjusted for body mass) was not significantly different between echolocating bats and non-echolocating bats and birds. The low cost of echolocation for flying vertebrates may have been a significant factor favouring its evolution in these groups.

['Animals', 'Chiroptera', 'Echolocation', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Flight, Animal']

[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.937'], ['F01.145.113.055.400'], ['G03.295'], ['G11.427.410.568.304', 'G11.427.410.698.416']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Donor cell type can influence the epigenome and differentiation potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells.

We compared bona fide human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from umbilical cord blood (CB) cells and neonatal keratinocytes (K). As a consequence of both incomplete erasure of tissue-specific methylation and aberrant de novo methylation, CB-iPSCs and K-iPSCs were distinct in genome-wide DNA methylation profiles and differentiation potential. Extended passage of some iPSC clones in culture did not improve their epigenetic resemblance to embryonic stem cells, implying that some human iPSCs retain a residual 'epigenetic memory' of their tissue of origin.

['Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Lineage', 'DNA Methylation', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Fetal Blood', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genome, Human', 'Humans', 'Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'Keratinocytes', 'Microarray Analysis']

[['G04.152'], ['G04.172', 'G07.345.500.325.180.500', 'G08.686.155', 'G08.686.784.170.104.249'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['G05.308.203'], ['A12.207.152.200', 'A15.145.300', 'A16.378.200'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.340.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.872.040.500', 'A11.872.700.500'], ['A11.409.500', 'A11.436.397'], ['E05.588.570']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Assessing mobility difficulties for cross-national comparisons: results from the World Health Organization Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the correspondence between self-reported and measured indicators of mobility disability in older adults in six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE).SETTING: Household surveys in China, India, Russia, South Africa, Ghana, and Mexico.PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling SAGE respondents aged 65 and older (N = 12,215).MEASUREMENTS: Objective mobility was assessed according to a 4-m timed walk at normal pace conducted in the respondent's home; slow walking speed was defined according to the Fried frailty criteria (lowest quintile of walking speed, adjusted for age and height). Self-reported mobility difficulty was assessed according to a question about ability to walk 1 km; this response was dichotomized into any versus no self-reported difficulty walking 1 km (reference no difficulty). The age- (5-year groups) and sex-specific probability of self-reporting difficulty walking 1 km was estimated in those with a measured slow walk using logistic regression.RESULTS: Between 42% and 76% of people aged 65 and older reported any difficulty walking 1 km. Average walking speed was slowest in Russia (0.61 m/s) and fastest in China (0.88 m/s). The probabilities of reporting any difficulty walking 1 km in women aged 65 to 69, for example, with a slow walk varied (China = 0.35, India = 0.90, Russia = 0.68, South Africa = 0.81, Ghana = 0.91, Mexico = 0.73; test of country differences P < .001). There was significant variation at older ages, albeit smaller in magnitude. Patterns were similar for men.CONCLUSION: Although correspondence between an objective and self-reported measure of mobility was generally high, correspondence differed significantly between LMICs. International comparisons of self-reported disability measures for clinical, prevention, and policy guidelines in LMICs should consider that self-reported data may not correspond to objective measures uniformly between countries.

['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Disabled Persons', 'Female', 'Global Health', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mobility Limitation', 'Population Surveillance', 'Risk Factors', 'Walking', 'World Health Organization']

[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E01.370.400'], ['M01.150'], ['H02.403.371', 'N01.400.337'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.550'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940'], ['N03.540.514.718.800']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Pharmacological implications of MMP-9 inhibition by ACE inhibitors.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays an important role in the onset and prognosis of myocardial infarction. Targets of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors might include not only ACE but also MMP-9, and ACE seems to be closely associated with complications of hypertension such as cardiovascular remodeling whereas MMP-9 is closely related to coronary diseases. We postulate that ACE inhibitors prevent coronary diseases via direct MMP-9 inhibition and could interact with the MMP-9 active sites using specific modes similar to those used for the ACE active sites. Research of the molecular interaction between MMP-9 active sites and ACE inhibitors appears to be an important key in the development of effective MMP-9 inhibitors for cardiovascular protection.

['Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A']

[['D27.505.519.389.745.085'], ['B01.050'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.350', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.350', 'D12.644.276.848.350', 'D12.776.467.836.350'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.610'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.350.687']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Long-term prognosis following zidovudine monotherapy in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.

Eighty-five subjects with symptomatic primary (P) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection were analyzed in a retrospective cohort study to investigate the long-term clinical benefit of antiretroviral treatment during PHIV infection. Zidovudine treatment was initiated (PHIV treatment group) in 21 persons a median of 9 days after onset of PHIV symptoms and continued for a median of 55 days (range, 21-99). Sixty-four subjects did not receive early antiretroviral treatment (PHIV nontreatment group). After follow-up for 3-10 years, 33 subjects had developed AIDS and 22 subjects had died of AIDS. The median times for progression to AIDS and death were 6.4 and 9.1 years, respectively. Progression rates did not differ between the PHIV treatment and nontreatment groups. Zidovudine treatment initiated during PHIV infection did not improve long-term outcome after symptomatic PHIV infection.

['Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Adult', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Long-Term Survivors', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Zidovudine']

[['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['M01.860.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D27.505.519.389.675.850', 'D27.505.954.122.388.308'], ['F01.145.802'], ['D03.383.742.680.705.950', 'D13.570.230.500.950', 'D13.570.230.855.950', 'D13.570.685.705.950']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF in HIV-infected patients with mild-to-moderate renal impairment.

In HIV-1-infected treatment-naive patients with mild-to-moderate renal impairment [creatinine clearance (CrCl): 50-89 mL/min], elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF (STB, n = 33) achieved high rates of virologic success (78.8%; 95% confidence interval: 61.1% to 91.0%) and was well tolerated through week 48. Four patients discontinued study drug due to an adverse event and none due to proximal renal tubulopathy. As expected, decreases in CrCl were noted as early as week 2, after which they stabilized. The renal safety profile of STB in patients from this study is consistent with the long-term experience in a large number of patients with CrCl ?70 mL/min.

['Adenine', 'Adult', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Carbamates', 'Cobicistat', 'Cohort Studies', 'Deoxycytidine', 'Emtricitabine', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Organophosphonates', 'Quinolones', 'Renal Insufficiency', 'Tenofovir', 'Thiazoles', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['D03.633.100.759.138'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['D02.241.081.251'], ['D02.241.081.251.203', 'D02.886.675.182', 'D03.383.129.708.189'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500', 'D13.570.230.329', 'D13.570.685.245.500'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500.600', 'D13.570.230.329.525', 'D13.570.685.245.500.600'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.705.429'], ['D03.633.100.810.835'], ['C12.777.419.780', 'C13.351.968.419.780'], ['D02.705.429.906', 'D03.633.100.759.138.881'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']

The outcome of patients with hypogammaglobulinemia in infancy and early childhood.

A 10-year prospective cohort study followed the evolution of antibodies in children less than 4 years of age with hypogammaglobulinemia. Three patterns were identified: in group 1, immunoglobulins and antibody production normalized;iin group 2, patients continued to have low IgG levels; and in group 3, IgG levels normalized but antibody levels were transient. Statistical analysis showed that invasive infection or low tetanus antibodies at presentation were associated with the development of significant humoral immunodeficiency.

['Agammaglobulinemia', 'Child, Preschool', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'IgG Deficiency', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies']

[['C15.378.147.142', 'C15.604.515.032', 'C20.673.088'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.378.147.333.750', 'C20.673.430.750'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

Four-way junction formation promoting ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of microRNA.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of biomarkers that are frequently deregulated in cancer cells and have shown a great promise for cancer classification and prognosis. Here, we endeavored to develop a DNA four-way junction based electrochemical sensor (4J-SENS) for ultrasensitive miRNA analysis. The developed sensor can be operated within the dynamic range from 10 aM to 1 fM and detect as low as 2 aM of miR-122 (?36 molecules per sample), without PCR amplification. Furthermore, the 4J-SENS was employed to profile endogenouse hsa-miR-122 in healthy human and chronic lymphocyitc leukemia (CLL) patient serum, and the results were validated by qPCR analysis.

['Base Sequence', 'Biosensing Techniques', 'DNA', 'Electrochemistry', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell', 'Limit of Detection', 'MicroRNAs', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization']

[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.601.043'], ['D13.444.308'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.428.080.125', 'C15.604.515.560.080.125', 'C20.683.515.528.080.125'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']

Cholesterol is increased in the exofacial leaflet of synaptic plasma membranes of human apolipoprotein E4 knock-in mice.

Inheritance of the apolipoprotein (apoE) epsilon4 allele is a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of the present study was to determine effects of apoE-isoforms on the transbilayer distribution of cholesterol in synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) using mice expressing human apoE3 and apoE4. Total SPM cholesterol levels did not differ among the wild-type and apoE3 and apoE4 knock-in mice. However, a striking difference was observed in the transbilayer distribution of SPM cholesterol. ApoE4 knock-in mice showed an approximately 2-fold increase in exofacial leaflet cholesterol compared with apoE3 knock-in mice and wild-type mice. The results of this study suggest that pathogenic effects of apoE4 on AD development could be closely linked to alteration of cholesterol distribution in SPM.

['Alzheimer Disease', 'Animals', 'Apolipoprotein E3', 'Apolipoprotein E4', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cholesterol', 'Humans', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Synaptic Membranes']

[['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D10.532.091.500.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500.500'], ['D10.532.091.500.750', 'D12.776.070.400.500.750', 'D12.776.521.120.500.750'], ['D10.532.091.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550'], ['A08.850.800', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.800', 'A11.284.149.844']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Tumour immunotherapy--leukocytes take up the fight.

The immune system can promote the elimination of tumours, but often immune responses are modulated or suppressed by the tumour microenvironment. In this joint Focus from Nature Reviews Cancer and Nature Reviews Immunology, leading researchers describe our current understanding of the complex interactions that occur between the immune system and tumour cells, and discuss how the power of the immune system can be harnessed by anticancer immunotherapies.

['Animals', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Leukocytes', 'Myeloid Cells', 'Neoplasms', 'T-Lymphocytes']

[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['A11.627'], ['C04'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']

Considerations of pool size in the manufacture of plasma derivatives.

BACKGROUND: The pooling of human plasma from many donors for the purpose of manufacturing therapeutic proteins increases the risk of exposing recipients of these proteins to pathogens that may contaminate 1 or a few units included in the pool.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This risk is estimated for a range of manufacturing scales that would derive material from a varied number of donors and for a number of hypothetical infectious agents that may exist in the donor population over a wide range of prevalence. Risk is also calculated both for recipients of single doses of a plasma protein and for those who depend on long-term treatment with plasma derivatives.RESULTS: Risk of exposure increases with pool size and the prevalence of the agent in question and accumulates with repeated treatments with material manufactured from different pools.CONCLUSION: Reducing pool size would at best decrease this risk in proportion to the reduction in manufacturing scale. However, for individuals requiring repeated or continuous treatments, the risk of exposure to all but the rarest infectious agents would be only minimally affected, even by large reductions in manufacturing scale.

['Blood Proteins', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Communicable Disease Control', 'Humans', 'Plasma', 'Risk Factors']

[['D12.776.124'], ['E02.095.135'], ['N06.850.780.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A12.207.152.693', 'A12.207.270.695', 'A15.145.693'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Diagnostic tests in the skin and serum of works sensitized to Bacillus subtilis enzymes.

Two allergen pools of commercial detergent enzymes were prepared as skin test reagents: (1) Carlsberg type, composed of three products containing subtilopeptidase A, and (2) BPN type, composed of two products containing subtilopeptidase B and alpha-amylase. In 100 non-exposed controls a reaction suggesting primary irritancy was found at protein concentrations greater than 1 microng/ml intradermally or 1 mg/ml by prick test. Intradermally at 10 microng/ml weals were accompained by less pronounced flare reactions than observed in specifically sensitized enzyme workers. At 100 micronh/ml the reactions were like strong specific reactions. Galse positive prick test reactions occurred irregularly at 10 mg/ml. In 100 sensitized enzyme workers, reactions were elicited at concentrations from 1-0 to 10(-5) microng/ml intradermally and from 1000 to 1 micron by prick test. Intradermal and prick tests correlated well (r=0-84, P less than 0-001). Ratings of symptom severity upon exposure obtained from questionnaires were significantly correlated with skin test reactivity (P less than 0-01). RAST performed on sera collected simultaneously also correlated significantly with symptom scores. PCA tests in monkeys were less sensitive. Standardized test reagents allow diagnostic skin testing by either intradermal or prick test in B. subtilis enzyme sensitive patients. A clear distinction between primary irritant reactions and true sensitization was made on the basis of the concentration required to elicit a reaction.

['Bacillus subtilis', 'Detergents', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Immunity, Maternally-Acquired', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Occupations', 'Radioallergosorbent Test', 'Skin Tests']

[['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['D27.720.877.265', 'J01.516.381'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543'], ['G12.450.570'], ['C24'], ['N01.824.547'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.830', 'E05.200.812.735.830', 'E05.478.566.380.810', 'E05.478.566.639.810', 'E05.478.594.760.830', 'E05.601.470.380.810', 'E05.601.470.639.810'], ['E01.370.225.812.871', 'E05.200.812.871', 'E05.478.594.890']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Effects of camelina meal supplementation on ruminal forage degradability, performance, and physiological responses of beef cattle.

Three experiments compared ruminal, physiological, and performance responses of beef steers consuming hay ad libitum and receiving grain-based supplements without (control) or with (CAM) the inclusion of camelina meal. In Exp. 1, 9 steers fitted with ruminal cannulas received CAM (2.04 kg of DM/d; n = 5) or control (2.20 kg of DM/d; n = 4). Steers receiving CAM had reduced (P = 0.01) total DMI and tended to have reduced (P = 0.10) forage DMI compared with control. No treatment effects were detected (P ? 0.35) for ruminal hay degradability parameters. In Exp. 2, 14 steers fed CAM (1.52 kg of DM/d; n = 7) or control (1.65 kg of DM/d; n = 7) were assigned to a corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH; 0.1 ìg/kg of BW) and a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; 0.33 ìg/kg of BW) challenge. Steers fed CAM had greater (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of PUFA compared with control before challenges. Upon CRH infusion, plasma haptoglobin concentrations tended (P = 0.10) to be reduced and ceruloplasmin concentrations increased at a lesser rate in CAM steers compared with control (treatment ? time; P < 0.01). Upon TRH infusion, no treatment effects were detected (P ? 0.55) for serum thyrotropin-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine. In Exp. 3, 60 steers were allocated to 20 pens. Pens were assigned randomly to receive CAM (2.04 kg of DM/steer daily; n = 10) or control (2.20 kg of DM/steer daily; n = 10) during preconditioning (PC; d -28 to 0). On d 0, steers were transported for 24 h. Upon arrival, pens were assigned randomly to receive CAM or control during feedlot receiving (FR; d 1 to 29). During PC, CAM steers had reduced (P < 0.01) forage and total DMI, and tended to have reduced (P = 0.10) ADG compared with control. Plasma linolenic acid concentrations increased during PC for CAM steers, but not for control (treatment ? day; P = 0.02). During FR, steers fed CAM during PC had reduced (P < 0.01) forage and total DMI, but tended (P = 0.10) to have greater G:F compared with control. Steers fed CAM during FR had greater (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of PUFA, and reduced rectal temperature and concentrations of haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin during FR compared with control. In summary, CAM supplementation to steers impaired forage and total DMI, did not alter thyroid gland function, increased circulating concentrations of PUFA, and lessened the acute-phase protein reaction elicited by neuroendocrine stress responses.

['Animal Feed', 'Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Animals', 'Brassica', 'Cattle', 'Ceruloplasmin', 'Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Diet', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Male', 'Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone']

[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['G07.203.650.161'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D08.811.682.226', 'D12.776.124.050.130', 'D12.776.124.790.106.214', 'D12.776.157.160', 'D12.776.377.715.085.214', 'D12.776.556.151'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.140', 'D12.644.400.400.740.140', 'D12.644.548.365.740.140', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.140'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['D10.251.355'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.880', 'D12.644.400.400.740.880', 'D12.644.456.837', 'D12.644.548.365.740.880', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.880', 'D12.776.631.650.810']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

[Kinetics of renin reaction in rat plasma (author's transl)].

Important kinetic aspects of renin reaction were studied in order to evaluate the parameters that regulate the formation rate of angiotensin I. This rate decreased throughout the incubation period of normal rat plasma and it showed a linear increase when plasma was incubated with renin-substrate. When renin was added to normal rat plasma a plateau in the angiotensin I formation rate occurred after 4-6 hours. When plasma samples containing increasing amounts of renin-substrate were incubated, the velocity of their reaction increased in proportion to the renin-substrate concentration. Under these incubation conditions, the reaction between endogenous renin and renin-substrate in normal rat plasma, proved to be a first kinetic order with respect to the substrate.

['Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Kinetics', 'Rats', 'Renin', 'Time Factors']

[['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['B01.050'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.780', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.780', 'D08.811.277.656.837.750'], ['G01.910.857']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

[Heterologous induction of the retrotransposon Ty1: reverse transcriptase plays a key role in initiating the retrotransposition cycle].

A new method was developed to study the mechanism of initiation of the retrotransposition cycle: retrotransposons of Drosophila melanogaster, gypsy, copia, and 17.6 were expressed in yeast under the control of potent yeast promoters. Expression of retrotransposons induced formation of viruslike particles (VLPs) associated with full-length Ty1 RNA and DNA sequences. This phenomenon was termed heterologous induction. When the gene for reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was expressed in yeast, the same results were obtained. These data allowed us to assume the excess of active reverse transcriptase to play the central role in induction of transposition. Possible mechanisms of induction of Ty1 transposition by homologous and heterologous elements are discussed.

['Animals', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Genetic Vectors', 'HIV Reverse Transcriptase', 'HIV-1', 'RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase', 'Retroelements', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

[['B01.050'], ['E05.393.220'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['G05.360.337'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.187', 'D12.776.964.775.375.545.875', 'D12.776.964.775.375.750.187', 'D12.776.964.775.562.764.875', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.545.875', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.750.187', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.545.875', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.750.187'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750', 'D12.776.964.775.375.750', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.750', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.750'], ['D13.444.308.760', 'G02.111.570.080.708.330.800', 'G05.360.080.708.330.800', 'G05.360.340.024.425.800'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Trigonal-bipyramidal geometry induced by an external water ligand in a sterically hindered iron salen complex, related to the active site of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase.

A unique distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry observed for the non-heme iron center in protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (3,4-PCD) was carefully examined utilizing a sterically hindered iron salen complex, which well reproduces the endogenous His2Tyr2 donor set with water as an external ligand. X-ray crystal structures of a series of iron model complexes containing bis(3,5-dimesitylsalicylidene)-1,2-dimesitylethylenediamine indicate that a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry is achieved upon binding of water as an external ligand. The extent of a structural change of the iron center from a preferred square-pyramidal to a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry varies with the external ligand that is bound in the order Cl << EtO < H2O, which is consistent with the spectrochemical series. The distortion in the model system is not due to steric repulsions but electronic interactions between the external ligand and the iron center, as evidenced from the X-ray crystal structures of another series of iron model complexes with a less-hindered bis(3-xylylsalicylidene)-1,2-dimesitylethylenediamine ligand, as well as by density functional theory calculations. Further spectroscopic investigations indicate that a unique distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry is indeed maintained even in solution. The present model study provides a new viewpoint that a unique distorted trigonal-bipyramidal iron site might not be preorganized by a 3,4-PCD protein but could be electronically induced upon the binding of an external hydroxide ligand to the iron(III) center. The structural change induced by the external water ligand is also discussed in relation to the reaction mechanism of 3,4-PCD.

['Binding Sites', 'Catechols', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Electrochemistry', 'Ethylenediamines', 'Ferric Compounds', 'Ligands', 'Models, Molecular', 'Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Protocatechuate-3,4-Dioxygenase', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Water']

[['G02.111.570.120'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.166'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['D02.092.782.258.368'], ['D01.490.100'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.196.867.519.550'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D08.811.682.690.416.652'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890'], ['G02.111.835'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Liposome-based therapy of human ovarian cancer: parameters determining potency of negatively charged and antibody-targeted liposomes.

Liposomes containing cytotoxic agents may be highly efficacious for intracavitary therapy of malignancies such as ovarian carcinoma, which resides principally in the peritoneal cavity. We have examined in vitro the cytotoxicity of a variety of liposome-drug formulations against OVCAR-3, a human ovarian cancer cell line. Two drugs tested, methotrexate-gamma-aspartate and 5-fluoroorotate, show increased cytotoxicity on various cultured cell lines following encapsulation in liposomes and can be considered liposome-dependent agents. With the optimal lipid composition used in this study, the maximal increase in potency on OVCAR-3 is 2.6-fold for methotrexate-gamma-aspartate and 5.2-fold for 5-fluoroorotate. Studies on liposome-cell association suggest a low capacity of OVCAR-3 to bind and internalize phospholipid vesicles, which limits the in vitro potency of liposomes for these cells. OC-125, a monoclonal antibody recognizing an antigen common to a number of human ovarian cancers (CA-125), has been coupled covalently to the liposome surface. Liposomes bearing OC-125 and containing methotrexate-gamma-aspartate show an 8-fold increase in potency against OVCAR-3 cells in a 96-h growth inhibition assay. Briefer exposure of tumor cells to treatment accentuates the advantage of targeted liposomes. The cytostatic effect of 1 h exposure to OC-125 liposomes is 100-fold greater than the equivalent exposure to free drug and equal to the maximal cytostatic effect achieved with free drug for 96 h. Attachment of OC-125 antibody also confers upon liposomes the capacity to recognize OVCAR-3 cells growing as an ascites tumor in nude mice. After i.p. injection, control liposomes bind tumor cells in relatively low numbers, while fluorescent OC-125 liposomes can be observed bound specifically to tumor cell masses for periods of days.

['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Line', 'Endocytosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunization, Passive', 'Liposomes', 'Ovarian Neoplasms']

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['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']