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task_categories:
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- question-answering
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- text-retrieval
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size_categories:
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- 1K<n<10K
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##
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language:
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- en
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license: cc-by-sa-4.0
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tags:
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- retrieval
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- text-retrieval
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- beir
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- stack-exchange
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- wordpress
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- community-question-answering
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- duplicate-questions
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- benchmark
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pretty_name: BEIR CQADupStack WordPress (retrieval)
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size_categories: n<1K
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task_categories:
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- text-retrieval
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---
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# CQADupStack WordPress (BEIR) — duplicate-question retrieval
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## Dataset description
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**CQADupStack** is a benchmark for **community question answering (cQA)** built from publicly available **Stack Exchange** content. It was introduced by Hoogeveen, Verspoor, and Baldwin at **ADCS 2015** as a resource for studying **duplicate questions**: threads and posts are organized so that systems can be trained and evaluated on finding prior questions that match (or semantically duplicate) a newly asked question—central to reducing fragmentation and improving search on Q&A sites.
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The original release aggregates material across **twelve** Stack Exchange forums. The **WordPress** subset corresponds to **[WordPress Stack Exchange](https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/)**—questions about WordPress development, themes, plugins, and site administration. Duplicate links come from the platform’s moderation workflow, with predefined splits so results stay comparable across papers.
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**BEIR** (*Benchmarking IR*) repackaged CQADupStack—along with many other public corpora—as a standard **retrieval** benchmark for **zero-shot** evaluation of lexical, sparse, dense, and hybrid retrievers across heterogeneous tasks. In the BEIR formulation, **CQADupStack (WordPress)** is a **duplicate-question retrieval** setting: the “documents” are questions (or question-like posts) from the WordPress Stack Exchange corpus, and the task is to rank the true duplicate(s) for each query highly.
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In upstream BEIR / **ir_datasets**, this slice is documented with on the order of **~49K** corpus documents, **541** test queries, and **744** qrels line items (binary relevance). Full retrieval evaluation requires indexing that **corpus** and ranking **queries** against it; this Hub repository exposes the **query + qrels** side in **Parquet** form for retrieval pipelines (aligned with the BEIR **test** split).
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### Scale (this Hub snapshot)
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| Split | Rows |
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|-------|------|
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| `test` | 541 |
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Each row is one **query** with **relevance judgments** (`expected_output`) pointing at corpus document identifiers.
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## Task: retrieval (CQADupStack WordPress)
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The task is **ad hoc retrieval** specialized to **duplicate question finding** on the WordPress Stack Exchange domain:
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1. **Input:** a natural-language **question** (the query)—typically about WordPress configuration, PHP hooks, themes, plugins, or the REST API.
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2. **Output:** a ranked list of **document IDs** from the CQADupStack WordPress corpus (or scores over the full collection), such that **relevant** IDs—those marked as duplicates in the official qrels—appear at the top.
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Standard IR metrics apply (e.g., **nDCG@k**, **Recall@k**, **MRR**), using the provided qrels as ground truth.
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> **Note:** Align `expected_output` document IDs with the same **BEIR CQADupStack WordPress** corpus you use for indexing (same ID space as the upstream BEIR release).
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## Data format (this repository)
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Each record includes:
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| Field | Description |
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|--------|-------------|
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| `id` | UUID for this example row. |
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| `input` | The **query text** (Stack Exchange–style question). |
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| `expected_output` | JSON string: list of objects `{"id": "<corpus-doc-id>", "score": <relevance>}`. Scores follow the BEIR qrels convention (typically `1` for relevant in binary settings). A query may have **one or more** relevant documents. |
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| `metadata.query_id` | Original BEIR query identifier (string). |
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| `metadata.split` | Split name; in this dataset, **`test`**. |
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### Example 1 (single relevant document)
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```json
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{
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"id": "141baaae-cb5d-4cde-9987-91b40dcbf9cd",
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"input": "CPT admin column auto order by date instead of title",
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"expected_output": "[{\"id\": \"81939\", \"score\": 1}]",
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"metadata.query_id": "101834",
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"metadata.split": "test"
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}
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```
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### Example 2 (multiple relevant documents)
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```json
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{
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"id": "a51c061a-64a8-4460-9c73-3db13e5d3cd0",
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"input": "Listing pages which uses specific template",
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"expected_output": "[{\"id\": \"29918\", \"score\": 1}, {\"id\": \"130919\", \"score\": 1}]",
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"metadata.query_id": "115020",
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"metadata.split": "test"
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}
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```
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## References
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### CQADupStack (original dataset)
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**Doris Hoogeveen, Karin M. Verspoor, Timothy Baldwin**
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*CQADupStack: A Benchmark Data Set for Community Question-Answering Research*
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Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Document Computing Symposium (**ADCS 2015**), Parramatta, NSW, Australia.
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- DOI: [10.1145/2838931.2838934](https://doi.org/10.1145/2838931.2838934)
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- PDF (author page): [ADCS 2015 paper](https://people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/tbaldwin/pubs/adcs2015.pdf)
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- Project page: [CQADupStack resources](http://nlp.cis.unimelb.edu.au/resources/cqadupstack/)
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- Code/data mirror: [CQADupStack on GitHub](https://github.com/D1Doris/CQADupStack)
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The paper motivates duplicate-question tasks on real **Stack Exchange** communities and describes construction from a **Stack Exchange data dump**, including duplicate links and evaluation protocols suited to retrieval experiments.
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### BEIR benchmark (CQADupStack as one of 18 datasets)
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**Nandan Thakur, Nils Reimers, Andreas Rücklé, Abhishek Srivastava, Iryna Gurevych**
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*BEIR: A Heterogeneous Benchmark for Zero-shot Evaluation of Information Retrieval Models*
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NeurIPS 2021 (Datasets and Benchmarks Track).
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**Abstract (from arXiv):** *“Existing neural information retrieval (IR) models have often been studied in homogeneous and narrow settings, which has considerably limited insights into their out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization capabilities. To address this, and to facilitate researchers to broadly evaluate the effectiveness of their models, we introduce Benchmarking-IR (BEIR), a robust and heterogeneous evaluation benchmark for information retrieval. We leverage a careful selection of 18 publicly available datasets from diverse text retrieval tasks and domains and evaluate 10 state-of-the-art retrieval systems including lexical, sparse, dense, late-interaction and re-ranking architectures on the BEIR benchmark. Our results show BM25 is a robust baseline and re-ranking and late-interaction-based models on average achieve the best zero-shot performances, however, at high computational costs. In contrast, dense and sparse-retrieval models are computationally more efficient but often underperform other approaches, highlighting the considerable room for improvement in their generalization capabilities.”*
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- Paper: [arXiv:2104.08663](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.08663) — [OpenReview](https://openreview.net/forum?id=wCu6T5xFjeJ) (NeurIPS 2021 Datasets & Benchmarks)
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- Code and data: [BEIR on GitHub](https://github.com/beir-cellar/beir)
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### Related resources
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- **ir_datasets** documents BEIR slices with corpus/query/qrel counts: [beir/cqadupstack/wordpress](https://ir-datasets.com/beir.html) (search for `beir/cqadupstack/wordpress` on the page).
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- **MTEB** lists CQADupStack variants for embedding evaluation—useful for cross-checking task definitions: [MTEB on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/mteb).
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## Citation
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If you use **CQADupStack**, cite the ADCS 2015 paper above. If you use the **BEIR** packaging or evaluation protocol, cite the BEIR NeurIPS 2021 paper. If you use **this Parquet export**, cite both the original data sources and BEIR as appropriate for your experiment.
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## License
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Stack Exchange content is typically distributed under **Creative Commons** terms; BEIR and downstream cards commonly reference **`cc-by-sa-4.0`**. Verify against your corpus snapshot and upstream Stack Exchange / BEIR terms if you need strict compliance.
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---
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*Dataset card maintained for the `orgrctera/beir_cqadupstack_wordpress` Hub repository.*
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