Datasets:

olm

/

olm-wikipedia-20221001

like 0

5394770

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Somerset%20Council%20elections

North Somerset Council elections

North Somerset Council is the local authority for the unitary authority of North Somerset, England. Until 1 April 1996 it was a non-metropolitan district called Woodspring, in the county of Avon. Political control Since the first election to the council in 1973 political control of the council has been held by the following parties: Woodspring Non-metropolitan district North Somerset Unitary authority Leadership The leaders of the council since 2005 have been: Council elections Non-metropolitan district elections 1973 Woodspring District Council election 1976 Woodspring District Council election 1979 Woodspring District Council election (New ward boundaries) 1980 Woodspring District Council election 1982 Woodspring District Council election 1983 Woodspring District Council election (District boundary changes took place but the number of seats remained the same) 1984 Woodspring District Council election (District boundary changes took place but the number of seats remained the same) 1986 Woodspring District Council election 1987 Woodspring District Council election 1991 Woodspring District Council election (District boundary changes took place but the number of seats remained the same) Unitary authority elections 1995 North Somerset Council election 1999 North Somerset Council election (New ward boundaries increased the number of seats by 2) 2003 North Somerset Council election 2007 North Somerset Council election 2011 North Somerset Council election (New ward boundaries) 2015 North Somerset Council election (New ward boundaries) 2019 North Somerset Council election District result maps By-election results 1995–1999 1999–2003 2003–2007 2007–2011 2011–2015 2015–2019 References External links North Somerset Council By-election results Council elections in Somerset Politics of North Somerset North Somerset Council elections in Avon

5394780

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie%20Keeley

Leslie Keeley

Leslie Enraught Keeley (June 10, 1836 – February 21, 1900) was an American physician, originator of the Keeley Cure. Biography He was born in Potsdam, New York on June 10, 1836. Keeley graduated at the Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 1863, and later entered the Union Army as a surgeon. At the end of the war he moved to Dwight, Illinois, where he began his private medical practice. There, in 1880, he opened a sanatorium for persons addicted to the immoderate use of alcohol and opium. He asserted that "Alcoholism is a disease and I can cure it." His treatment, referred to as "Double Chloride of Gold", centered on a secret preparation that he said contained bichloride of gold. However, chemical analysis revealed that the proprietary tonic contained 27.55% alcohol plus ammonium chloride, aloin and tincture of cinchona but no gold. His hypodermic injections contained sulfate of strychnine, atropine and boracic acid. In 1890, Keeley began selling franchises and by 1893 there were 92 Keeley Institutes in the US, Canada, and Mexico and that number grew to over 200 and expanded to Europe. In 1939, Time magazine reported that "Unvarying is the traditional Keeley routine. An incoming inebriate pays $160, plus room and board, must stay for 31 days. His weekly whiskey ration is gradually tapered off: eight ounces the first day, six ounces the second, four ounces the third, none from there on. Four times a day he gets gold chloride injections; every two hours he takes a tonic." At its height, the clinic in Dwight treated 700 patients per day. Keeley claimed that when his medicine was administered according to his directions, it had no injurious effects and that 95 per cent of the patients were permanently cured. If they did return to drinking, he insisted that they were cured but that they drank because they choose to do so, not because they were still addicted. However, it was later noted that a "high percentage of those "cured" had relapsed." Keeley published numerous articles in the popular press in addition to pamphlets promoting his therapy, and wrote The Morphine Eater, or From Bondage to Freedom (1881) and the Non-Heredity of Inebriety (1896). He died on February 21, 1900 in Los Angeles, California. Legacy The Keeley Institute in Dwight, Illinois was the last to close, doing so in 1966. Despite his therapy being described by medical experts as an example of quackery, Keeley is remembered as one of the first to treat alcoholism as a medical problem. The Keeley cure is defined in the American Illustrated Medical Dictionary in the 1938 edition as "a proprietary method of treatment for the alcohol and opium habits by means of gold chloride." Keeley was widely cited as a quack. A 1908 article in the Illinois Medical Journal stated that "Leslie Keeley was a common, ordinary quack with a useless remedy which made good by advertising and catching suckers." Publications Opium: Its Use, Abuse and Cure (1892) The Keeley Treatment (1892) The Non-Heredity Of Inebriety (1896) References External links 1836 births 1900 deaths Physicians from Illinois American science writers Alcohol abuse counselors People from Potsdam, New York People from Dwight, Illinois People of Illinois in the American Civil War Rush Medical College alumni Union Army surgeons Writers from Illinois Writers from New York (state)

5394783

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Union%20of%20Mineworkers%20%28South%20Africa%29

National Union of Mineworkers (South Africa)

The National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) is a trade union in South Africa. With a membership of 300,000 it is the largest affiliate of the Congress of South African Trade Unions. NUM Regions Carletonville Regional Secretaries 2021: Regional Chair 2021: Mining Sector Energy Sector Eastern Cape Regional Secretaries 2021: Regional Chair 2021: Mining Sector Energy Sector Free State NUM Free State Regional Office Location:https://goo.gl/maps/LSo6DnSpvEqqpryE7 Office Contact numbers 057 352 6462 Page : https://www.facebook.com/NUM-Free-State-Region-111857014743861/ Regional Secretaries 2021 till now: Tshepo Molibedi Regional Chair 2021 till now: Fusi Ramohomane Mining Sector Beatrix Branch =Branch Chair 2021 till now: Siyabonga Mdeyide =Branch Sec= 2021 till now: Teboho Mohale FSBS Branch =Branch Chair 2021 till now: Wellington Hanisi =Branch Sec= 2021 till now: Mohau Pitso Intasol Branch Masimong Branch =Branch Chair 2021 till now: Ramosoue Moabi =Branch Sec= 2021 till now: Mqapheli Mlandu Phakisa Branch =Branch Chair 2021 till now: Sicelo Fihlani =Branch Sec= 2021 till now: Pule Motleleng Target Branch Tshepong Branch Energy Sector Full-Time Shop steward 2021 till now: Kagiso Tiro (KG) Bloemfontein Branch =Branch Chair= 2021 till now: Likotsi Ralephae =Branch Sec= 2021 till now: Norman Mokutu Bethelehem Branch =Branch Chair= 2021 till now: Nkahloleng Eric Mohlala =Branch Sec= 2021 till now: Ntaoleng Tsotsotso Welkom Branch =Branch Chair= 2021 till now: Dineo Molise =Branch Sec= 2021 till now: Tebogo Tshabalala Highveld Regional Secretaries 2021: Regional Chair 2021: Mining Sector Energy Sector Kimberly Regional Secretaries 2021: Regional Chair 2021: Mining Sector Energy Sector KZN Regional Secretaries 2021: Regional Chair 2021: Mining Sector Energy Sector Matlosana Regional Secretaries 2021: Regional Chair 2021: Mining Sector Energy Sector North East Regional Secretaries 2021: Regional Chair 2021: Mining Sector Energy Sector PWV Regional Secretaries 2021: Regional Chair 2021: Mining Sector Energy Sector Rustenburg Regional Secretaries 2021: Regional Chair 2021: Mining Sector Energy Sector Western Cape Regional Secretaries 2021: Regional Chair 2021: Mining Sector Energy Sector History The union was founded in 1982 as a black mine workers union, on the initiative of the Council of Unions of South Africa. Its first leader was Cyril Ramaphosa, under whom it grew rapidly, winning bargaining recognition from the Chamber of Mines in 1983. NUM campaigned successfully in the 1980s for the end of the job reservation system, a system which ensured that the best-paid jobs were allocated to whites. The union was a founding affiliate of the Congress of South African Trade Unions in 1985. In 2001, it absorbed the Construction and Allied Workers' Union, while in 2019 it was announced that it would soon absorb the Liberated Metalworkers' Union of South Africa. NUM was affiliated internationally with the International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers' Unions. 2007 strike On 4 December 2007, the Union went on strike to protest working conditions in South Africa's mines. The strike was spurred on by a rise in worker fatalities from 2006 to 2007, despite a government plan in October to reduce fatalities. Less than 5% of mineworkers came to work on that day. 2012 wildcat strikes On 10 August 2012, thousands of NUM members began a series of wildcat strikes at Lonmin's Marikana mines linked to demands for increased pay. The following day, NUM leaders allegedly opened fire on striking NUM members who were marching to their offices to demand support from their union - an incident now acknowledge as the first violent incident during the strikes. It is said in the media that the killing of two striking miners was a central reason for the breakdown in trust within the union amongst workers. In a submission to the Farlam Commission, NUM has said that lethal force on this day was justified. It is estimated that between 12 and 14 August about nine people (at least four miners, two police officers and two security guards) were killed in the area around Marikana - though there is conflicting reports on who killed whom during these dates. On 16 August, police opened fire on a group of miners who had gathered on a hill near Nkaneng, at least 34 people were killed at Marikana, 78 were injured and 259 were arrested. The miners were carrying machetes and had refused a request to disarm. According to the Congress of South African Trade Unions, police had first used tear gas, water cannons and then used "live ammunition". The killings have been labelled a massacre throughout the media with police, Lonmin and NUM itself being blamed. Revelations on the incident starting with academic investigations and then followed up by reporting by Greg Marinovich has shown that most of the killings happened off camera many minutes after some of the murders were recorded on television. According to the New York Times, "Frans Baleni, general secretary of the National Union of Mineworkers, defended the police in an interview with Kaya FM, a radio station" saying that "The police were patient, but these people were extremely armed with dangerous weapons." The shooting was one of the worst by the South African authorities since the end of the apartheid era in South Africa. Baleni and other NUM officials have also accused 'third forces' of being behind the Marikana strikes. Loss of support It has been argued that there has been an exodus from NUM. According to Justice Malala, writing in The Guardian, "The NUM has lost all credibility and is bleeding members. Its already well-paid secretary, Baleni, was awarded a salary increase of more than 40% last year and his total salary package is just more than R105 000 a month. NUM leaders have refused to get out of police armoured vehicles to address workers." Others have also argued that NUM's membership numbers are inflated and, now, as a result of the strikes in the North West, its membership likely stands at around 150,000. Others praised the organisation. An editorial in Business Day said "The NUM is the thoughtful, considered heart of the union movement here... It appreciates and values private capital and strong companies." The rival union the Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union (AMCU) has increased in membership since the Marikana shootings and now represents over 40% of employees at Amplats and 70% at Lonmin. Leadership General Secretaries 1982: Cyril Ramaphosa 1991: Kgalema Motlanthe 1998: Gwede Mantashe 2006: Frans Baleni 2015: David Sipunzi Presidents 1982: James Motlatsi 2000: Senzeni Zokwana 2014: Piet Matosa 2018: Joseph Montisetse Further reading References External links NUM official site. Congress of South African Trade Unions International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers' Unions Mining trade unions Organisations based in Johannesburg Trade unions established in 1982 Trade unions in South Africa 1982 establishments in South Africa

5394795

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20E.%20Donart

George E. Donart

George E. Donart (February 27, 1889 – October 1, 1961) was an American attorney and politician who served as a member of the Idaho Senate from 1933 to 1941 and again from 1943 to 1947. He was the Democratic nominee in a 1946 special election for the United States Senate seat to finish the term of John W. Thomas, a Republican who died in November 1945. Early life and education Born in Idaho Territory near present-day Cambridge, Donart graduated from the prep school of the University of Idaho in Moscow in 1909, then earned a Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws degree. Career Donart practiced law in Weiser for decades and as a member of the Idaho Senate from 1933 to 1941 and from 1943 to 1947. 1946 Senate race After Senator John W. Thomas's death in 1945, Governor Charles Gossett, a Democrat, resigned and allowed his successor Arnold Williams to appoint him to the Senate vacancy, which in turn allowed him to enter the special election race as the incumbent. During the 1946 primary race, Donart was endorsed by Idaho's other U. S. Senator, Glen Taylor, who had defeated him in the 1940 primary. Donart defeated Gossett in the Democratic primary, but was defeated in the general election by Republican congressman Henry Dworshak. Personal life Donart died at age 72 in 1961, and is buried at Hillcrest Cemetery in Weiser. References External links 1889 births 1961 deaths Idaho state senators People from Weiser, Idaho University of Idaho alumni Idaho lawyers 20th-century American politicians 20th-century American lawyers

5394822

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassler

Hassler

Hassler (also Haßler, Häßler, Hässler, Hasler, ...) is a toponymic surname derived from a number of places called Hasel or Hassel in German-speaking parts of Europe. Notable people with this name include: Musicians A musical dynasty in Nuremberg Isaak Hassler (c.1530 – 1591), organist and father of three brothers: Kasper Hassler (1562–1618), minor composer and publisher Hans Leo Hassler (1564–1612), an important German composer and organist Jakob Hassler (1569–1622), composer most noted for his keyboard works Johann Wilhelm Hässler (1747–1822), German organist and composer Athletes Nicole Hassler (1941–1996), French figure skater Des Hasler (b. 1961), Australian rugby league footballer and coach Thomas Häßler (b. 1966), former German football player and 1990 World Cup winner Dominic Hassler (b. 1981), Austrian football player Other professions Johann Hasler (b. 1548, died after 1602), Swiss theologian and physician Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler (1770–1845), first US Coast Survey superintendent Friday Hassler (1935–1972), American NASCAR driver Hassler Whitney (1907–1989), American mathematician Herbert "Blondie" Hasler (1914–1987), British Marines officer and later a noted single-handed sailor Rolf Hassler (1914–1984), German neurobiologist Eveline Hasler (b. 1933), Swiss writer Jon Hassler (1933–2008) American novelist for whom is named the Jon Hassler Theater in Plainview, Minnesota Marie Hasler (b. 1948), New Zealand politician Harry Hasler, fictional alter ego of Viktor Giacobbo, one of his most popular satirical figures Otmar Hasler (b. 1953), Prime Minister of Liechtenstein Uwe Hassler(de) (b. 1963), German professor of statistics and econometrics German-language surnames

5394859

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastigiidae

Mastigiidae

Mastigiidae is a family of true jellyfish. The family is native to the Indo-Pacific, but a species of Mastigias has been introduced to the West Atlantic, and Phyllorhiza punctata has been introduced to the West Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Genera According to the World Register of Marine Species, this family includes 4 genera: Mastigias Mastigietta Phyllorhiza Versuriga – probably belongs in a separate monotypic family, Versurigidae. References Kolpophorae Cnidarian families

5394878

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremlin%20Hill

Kremlin Hill

Kremlin Hill (Russian: Кремлёвский холм [Kremlyovskiy kholm]; former name Borovitsky Hill - Боровицкий холм [Borovitskiy kholm]; also known as Borovitskiy Cape - Боровицкий мыс [Borovitskiy mys]) is one of the seven hills of Moscow. Altitude up to 145 m. The hill is situated in the city centre, at the confluence of the Moscow River and Neglinnaya River. The Red Square and the upland part of the Kitai-gorod are located on the hill. History The Borovitskiy Hill derives its name from the Russian word "бор" (bor) - "pinery". The hill was named so because in ancient times the left bank of the Moscow River was covered with pine forest. Archeologists date the first data on stay of a human being on the Borovitsky hill by the end of the 2nd millennium BC. The following archeologically investigated stage is dated by the 8th-3rd centuries BC. A settlement established here in 11th century became the core of Moscow. In 1156 the first kremlin was built on the hill and it became known as Kremlin Hill. Several gardens have been laid out, some of which belonged to Metropolitan Alexius and Ivan the Terrible. See also Borovitskaya Tower Borovitskaya Square Hills of Moscow History of Moscow Moscow Kremlin

5394880

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s%20museum

Children's museum

Children's museums are institutions that provide exhibits and programs to stimulate informal learning experiences for children. In contrast with traditional museums that typically have a hands-off policy regarding exhibits, children's museums feature interactive exhibits that are designed to be manipulated by children. The theory behind such exhibits is that activity can be as educational as instruction, especially in early childhood. Most children's museums are nonprofit organizations, and many are run by volunteers or by very small professional staffs. International professional organizations of children's museums include the Association of Children's Museums (ACM), which was formed in 1962 as the American Association of Youth Museums (AAYM) and in 2007 counted 341 member institutions in 23 countries, and The Hands On! Europe Association of Children's Museum (HO!E), established in 1994, with member institutions in 34 countries as of 2007. Many museums that are members of ACM offer reciprocal memberships, allowing members of one museum to visit all the others for free or for a discounted fee. History The Brooklyn Children's Museum was established in 1899 by the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. It is often regarded as the first children's museum in the United States. The idea behind the Brooklyn Children's Museum implicitly acknowledged that existing American museums were not designed with children in mind. Although museums at the turn of the century viewed themselves as institutions of public education, their exhibits were often not made accessible for children, who may have struggled with simple design features like the height of exhibit cases, or the language of interpretive labels. Furthermore, touching objects was often prohibited, limiting visitors' ability to interact with museum objects. The founders of the Brooklyn Children's Museum were concerned with education and realized that no other institution had attempted to establish "a Museum that will be of especial value and interest to young people between the ages of six and twenty years". Their goal was to gain children's interest and "to stimulate their powers of observation and reflection" as well as to "illustrate by collections of pictures, cartoons, charts, models, maps and so on, each of the important branches of knowledge which is taught in elementary schools". Anna Billings Gallup, the museum's curator from 1904 to 1937, encouraged a learning technique that allowed children to "discover" information by themselves through touching and examining objects. Visitors to the museum were able to compare the composition, weight, and hardness of minerals, learn to use a microscope to examine natural objects, and build their own collections of natural objects to be displayed in a special room of the museum. In addition to emphasis on allowing interaction with objects, Gallup also encouraged learning through play. She believed learning at the Brooklyn Children's Museum should be "pure fun", and to this end developed nature clubs, held field trips, brought live animals into the museum, and hired gallery instructors to lead children in classification games about animals, shells, and minerals. Other children's museums of the early twentieth century used similar techniques that emphasized learning through experience. Children's museums often emphasize experiential learning through museum interactives, sometimes leading them to have very few or no physical collection items. The Brooklyn Children's Museum and other early children's museums grew out of the tradition of natural history museums, object-centered institutions. Over the course of the twentieth century, the children's museums slowly began to discard their objects in favor of more interactive exhibits. While children's museums are a more extreme case, it is important to note that during the twentieth century, more and more museums have elected to display fewer objects and offer more interpretation than museums of the nineteenth century. Some scholars argue that objects, while once critical to the definition of a museum, are no longer considered vital to many institutions because they are no longer necessary to fulfill the roles we expect museums to serve as museums focus more on programs, education, and their visitors. After the Brooklyn Children's Museum opened in 1899, other American museums followed suit by opening small children's sections of their institutions designed with children in mind and equipped with interactive activities, such as the Smithsonian's children's room opened in 1901. The Brooklyn Children's Museum also inspired other children's museums either housed separately or even developed completely independently of parent museums, like the Boston Children's Museum (1913), The Children's Museum of Detroit Public Schools (1915), and the Children's Museum of Indianapolis (1925). The number of children's museums in the United States continued to grow over the course of the twentieth century, with over 40 museums opened by the 1960s and more than 70 children's museums opened to the public between 1990 and 1997. The next earliest children's museums were: Boston Children's Museum (1913) The Detroit Children's Museum (1917) The Children's Museum of Indianapolis (1925) – according to the ACM, this is the world's largest children's museum. The Children's Museum (West Hartford, CT) (1927) Duluth Children's Museum (1930) By 1975, there were approximately 38 children's museums in the United States. An additional 80 institutions opened between 1976 and 1990, and more than 130 opened between 1990 and 2007. As of 2007, ACM estimated that there were approximately 80 children's museums in the planning phase. The children's museum concept has spread worldwide from the United States. Le Musée des Enfants in Brussels was started in 1978, inspired by Boston Children's Museum. The Boston museum also inspired the Museo Pambata in Manila, which opened in 1994. The Children's Museum of Caracas, Venezuela, became Latin America's first museum for children when it opened in 1982. The Children's Museum of Bogotá, Colombia, followed it in 1986. Eureka! The National Children's Museum in Halifax, England, established in 1992, claims the title of the United Kingdom's first hands-on children's museum. Austria's first museum for children was ZOOM Children’s Museum in Vienna, established in 1994. Korea's first children's museum is the Samsung Children's Museum in Seoul, which opened in 1995 under the sponsorship of the Samsung Culture Foundation. India has seen rise in children's museums in recent years. The first children’s museum in Japan is KIDS PLAZA OSAKA which was established in 1997. There is a children’s Museum in the Canadian Museum of History. The Early Start Discovery Space in Wollongong, Australia opened in 2015 and was modelled on the US-styled children's museums. See also List of children's museums in the United States Museum of Childhood (disambiguation page) Toy museum References Types of museums

5394886

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carson%20City%20%28disambiguation%29

Carson City (disambiguation)

Carson City may refer to: Places in the United States Carson City, Nevada, the capital of the state Carson City, Michigan Carson, California Carson City and Indian Village, a defunct amusement park in Catskill, New York Other uses Carson City (1952 film) USS Carson City, two ships of the U.S. Navy See also

5394896

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dkaid%C5%8Dch%C5%AB%20Hizakurige

Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige

, abbreviated as Hizakurige and known in translation as Shank's Mare, is a comic picaresque novel (kokkeibon) written by Jippensha Ikku (十返舎一九, 1765–1831) about the misadventures of two travelers on the Tōkaidō, the main road between Kyoto and Edo during the Edo period. The book was published in twelve parts between 1802 and 1822. The two main characters, traveling from Edo to Kyoto on their pilgrimage to Ise Grand Shrine, are called Yajirobē (彌次郎兵衛) and Kitahachi (喜多八). The book, while written in a comical style, was written as a traveler's guide to the Tōkaidō Road. It details famous landmarks at each of the 53 post towns along the road, where the characters, often called Yaji and Kita, frequently find themselves in hilarious situations. They travel from station to station, predominantly interested in food, sake, and women. As Edo men, they view the world through an Edo lens, deeming themselves more cultured and savvy in comparison to the countrymen they meet. Hizakurige is comic novel that also provides information and anecdotes regarding various regions along the Tōkaidō. Tourism was booming during the Edo Period, when this was written. This work is one of many guidebooks that proliferated, to whet the public's appetite for sight-seeing. A second book was also written, called Zoku Hizakurige, which includes material on the Kiso Valley, Konpira, and Miyajima. Some of the episodes from this novel have been illustrated by famous ukiyo-e artists, such as Hiroshige in his One Hundred Views of Edo. Yaji and Kita's travels As they make their way, they leave behind a trail of crude jokes and plentiful puns. They make fun of a daimyō procession, cheat shopkeepers out of money, and get cheated in turn. At one inn, they make fools of themselves because they do not know how to use the bathtub; they burn themselves on the bottom, rather than asking for help. In Ueno, one of them pretends to be Ikku himself, before he is found to be an impostor. On that occasion, they burn themselves and debate how to eat the hot stones that they have been served by the innkeeper. They are soon revealed as fools: The stones are for drying out the konjac to improve the flavor, not for eating. Comic events often ensue when Yaji or Kita try to sneak into bed with women, which happens at various inns along the road. Film versions Yaji and Kita: Yasuda's Rescue, 1927 film version Yaji and Kita: The Battle of Toba Fushimi, 1928 film version Travel Chronicles of Yaji and Kita, 1956 film version Yaji and Kita: The Midnight Pilgrims (2005) Yaji Kita dōchū Teresuko ("Three for the Road") (2007) starring Akira Emoto, Kyōko Koizumi, Nakamura Kanzaburō XVIII and a Japanese raccoon dog. Sources Jippensha Ikku, Hizakurige or Shanks' Mare, trans. Thomas Satchell (Charles E. Tuttle Company, Inc., 1960). ASIN: B0007J7ITK. Jippensha Ikku, Travels on the Eastern Seaboard (Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige), in Haruo Shirane, ed., Early Modern Japanese Literature: An Anthology, 1600–1900 (Columbia University Press, 2002), pp. 732–747. . External links Dōchū hizakurige, selections, with print illustrations by Tamenobu Fujikawa Tokaidochu hizakurige, 1907 edition published by Yohodo 1802 novels Kokkeibon Japanese serial novels Edo-period works Picaresque novels Travel books Novels set in Japan

5394903

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torenia

Torenia

Torenia is a genus of plants now classified in the family Linderniaceae. Torenia has also been classified in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae. Often called wishbone flowers, bluewings; in Hawaii nanioola'a or ola'a beauty, some species are grown as garden plants. Many F1 and F2 Torenia hybrids have been hybridized in the last 30 years. Colors can range from white with yellow throats to violet, blue, cobalt, lavender and purple. Species The following species are recognised in the genus Torenia: Torenia anagallis Torenia asiatica Torenia benthamiana Torenia bicolor Torenia bimaculata Torenia biniflora Torenia blancoi Torenia burttiana Torenia caelestis Torenia cambodgiana Torenia celebica Torenia chevalieri Torenia ciliaris Torenia concolor Torenia cordata Torenia cordifolia Torenia courtallensis Torenia crenata Torenia crustacea Torenia cyanea Torenia cyrtandriflora Torenia daubyi Torenia davidii Torenia dictyophora Torenia diffusa Torenia dinklagei Torenia flava Torenia fordii Torenia fournieri Torenia godefroyi Torenia grandiflora Torenia hayatae Torenia hirsulissima Torenia hirsuta Torenia indica Torenia javanica Torenia kinmenensis Torenia laotica Torenia leucosiphon Torenia lindernioides Torenia maculata Torenia mannii Torenia molluginoides Torenia oblonga Torenia patens Torenia perennans Torenia philcoxii Torenia pierreana Torenia pierreanoides Torenia poilanei Torenia polygonoides Torenia pterogona Torenia ranongensis Torenia scandens Torenia siamensis Torenia silvicola Torenia spathacea Torenia stolonifera Torenia subconnivens Torenia taishanensis Torenia thailandica Torenia thorelii Torenia thouarsii Torenia travancorica Torenia udawnensis Torenia umbellata Torenia vientianica Torenia violacea References Lamiales genera Linderniaceae

5394916

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeing%20Double%20%282003%20film%29

Seeing Double (2003 film)

Seeing Double is a 2003 British musical-comedy film starring British pop-group, S Club. Written by Kim Fuller and Paul Alexander, and directed by Nigel Dick, the film mostly features songs from the group's album of the same name including "Don't Stop Movin'" and "Never Had a Dream Come True". Plot The film opens with a creepy castle in Hollywood, where evil scientist Victor Gaghan is creating his S Club clones. Meanwhile, the real S Club arrive in Barcelona, Spain for their last show of their whirlwind tour. After spending the day promoting and performing, the group get excited about having some time off, until their manager Alistair informs them that they will be leaving for Los Angeles, California at 7:00 A.M. the next day. After the stressed-out group enter their hotel rooms, Alistair is abducted by Gaghan's assistant Susan Sealove. The next morning, the members of S Club awaken to find Alistair gone having been left with his bill. Instead of using a credit card that Rachel finds to pay the bill, they use it on pampering themselves and after going bankrupt, they see the cloned S Club performing live on TV at a nearby cafe. After the others become disturbed to discover that Alistair is managing their uncanny lookalikes, they all decide to quickly leave the hotel and fly to L.A., only to get arrested by the police for trying to run out on the hotel bill and allegedly impersonating S Club. In jail, they learn that the warden likes to dance and to escape, they sing "Don't Stop Movin'" and get to their friend Natalie. She helps them get to L.A. by disguising them as English World Cup football fans so that they can avoid getting arrested again by the Spanish police. After failing to get close to their doubles during a live concert, they decide to switch out their Hannah, Rachel and Jon for their copies during a music video shoot. Hannah, Rachel and Jon see that the Bradley, Tina and Jo clones have no belly buttons, and are exposed to their rituals of showering together, constant rehearsals, eating strange synthetic food and being brainwashed during bedtime. During a CD signing session, Rachel attempts to warn a fan to call the police, only for Alistair to confiscate the signed CD and contact Gaghan, who sends his goons to capture them and take them to his lair. Meanwhile, Bradley, Tina and Jo learn that the other members' clones are unaware of being clones themselves, and are surprised when these clones shed their ritualistic routine and enjoy simple pleasures of life for the first time, such as boomerang games, real food, drinks and sightseeing. Determined to find out who created the clones, Jo researches the internet and discovers that Gaghan, a former genetics professor who was fired for illegal cloning experiments, recently purchased S Club memorabilia online, including their underwear. When their friends fail to show up as planned after being captured by Gaghan's goons, Bradley, Tina and Jo realise that something is wrong and reveal to the other members' clones that they are copies, and urge them to overcome their programmed memories to figure out Gaghan's location. The clones make a breakthrough and remember their birthplace and Gaghan's location: Eagle Peak. Formulating a plan to enact revenge on Gaghan for the cloning, Bradley, Tina and Jo arrive at Eagle Peak with their friends' clones and run into the real Hannah, Rachel and Jon, only to be caught by Alistair while trying to escape. While the Hannah, Rachel and Jon clones run into their bandmates outside and tell them the truth of their origins, Gaghan tells the originals that he is going to take over the world through music because celebrities attract more attention than politicians, before leaving Alistair to kill the band. The clones save the band by revealing that Alistair is a clone due to his own lack of belly button and rebelling against him. In the dining area, S Club are alarmed at the clones Gaghan has created including clones of AC/DC's Angus Young, King of Rock & Roll Elvis Presley, Will Smith as Men In Black's Agent J, Victoria Beckham (as Posh Spice), Robbie Williams, Eminem, King of Pop Michael Jackson, Elton John, Madonna, George Michael, Pop Idol star Gareth Gates, and Groucho Marx (of the Marx Brothers), and encourage them to rebel against Gaghan for their own free will. Enraged at this, Gaghan initiates a self-destruct sequence of Eagle Peak, which threatens to kill S Club and the clones. Both S Clubs band together to save the clones and sing "Who Do You Think You Are?" whilst the Jackson clone stops Gaghan and Sealove from escaping in their helicopter, and the original group is able to stop the place from self-destructing as the clones escape. While they are alarmed by the fact that they have released a new batch of cloned pop acts into the world, clone Alistair suddenly appears and tries to kill them when suddenly the real Alistair knocks him out. Gaghan and Sealove are later arrested and the group wonder what to do with their clones when Alistair and Natalie remind them of their very busy schedules. At the end, the real S Club are seen at the beach and the clones are taking their place. They have decided that the clones will take their place when they want a holiday, and the same vice versa (it is also mentioned that the clones are getting paid in boomerangs). Nearby, the Gates clone they rescued is seen flirting with Rachel. Cast Tina Barrett as Tina Jon Lee as Jon Bradley McIntosh as Bradley Jo O'Meara as Jo Hannah Spearritt as Hannah Rachel Stevens as Rachel David Gant as Victor Gaghan Joseph Adams as Alistair Cristina Piaget as Susan Sealove Meritxell Santamaria as Natalie Gareth Gates as Gareth Gates clone Hans Juergen Richter as Carlos Domingo Calvo as Desk sergeant Nigel Dick as Director Reg Wilson as Marcus Production The film had 3 months to be filmed in. Jo O'Meara was suffering from intense back pains at the time, meaning she was unable to be fully active during film, with several running shots of her having to be performed by a body double. O'Meara also sits out during several dance routines, most noticeably during "Dance" where the scene had to be re-written after she was unable to perform the routine due to the back pains. During all routines in the film, O'Meara is seen sitting out of the routines, with the other 5 members performing the routine as a five-piece. Due to O'Meara's back pains, she did a lot of voice over work, but her body double performed the active actions, such as the scene where O'Meara is being chased by Alsatians. Box office The film was released throughout the United Kingdom on 11 April 2003, after receiving its world premier in London's Leicester Square. The film received large publicity during a 2003 tour S Club did, alongside S Club 8. The film was also released worldwide, where it became a success mainly in the United Kingdom, where it opened at the box office at #4. The film marks the final appearance that S Club did with 19 Management which involved them acting. It also marked the movie debut of Gareth Gates. Critical reception The film received negative reviews. Reception was positive from Shannon Nutt of DVD Talk. Neil Smith of the BBC criticized it being a “cynical, cheaply assembled caper.” Home release The film was released on DVD in the United Kingdom and United States as well as in Latin America, Spain, France, Ireland, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Greece, and Japan. The DVD went to number one in Spain and France. It made Top 10 in the U.S., U.K. & Ireland in the Children's DVD/Video Sales category. The DVD was re-released on 3 March 2008 in the UK, five years after its theatrical release. The re-released DVD maintained the same format as the previous one. After re-release, Seeing Double made the Children's Top 10 DVD Chart. The S Club Seeing Double album has received BPI Platinum Certification as of November 2010. Television broadcasts Seeing Double had its UK television premiere in 2005 when Channel Five screened it at 6:05pm. The film achieved 1.1 million viewers, making it Five's most-watched children-based film. Both Sky One and Disney Channel UK subsequently showed the film. Disney Channel omitting the bloopers included in the film credits. It also aired in the Republic of Ireland on RTÉ Two. References External links S Club 7 2003 films British fantasy comedy films Columbia Pictures films Films based on television series Films about cloning Films directed by Nigel Dick 2000s English-language films 2000s British films

5394932

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllorhiza%20punctata

Phyllorhiza punctata

Phyllorhiza punctata is a species of jellyfish, also known as the floating bell, Australian spotted jellyfish, brown jellyfish or the white-spotted jellyfish. It is native to the western Pacific from Australia to Japan, but has been introduced widely elsewhere. It feeds primarily on zooplankton. P. punctata generally can reach up to in bell diameter, but in October 2007, one wide, perhaps the largest ever recorded, was found on Sunset Beach, North Carolina. Description True jellyfish go through a two-stage life cycle which consists of a medusa stage (adult) and a polyp stage (juvenile). In the medusa stage male jellyfish release sperm into the water column and the female jellyfish gathers the sperm into her mouth where she holds the eggs. Once fertilization occurs and larvae are formed they leave their mother and settle to the ocean floor. Once on the bottom a polyp form occurs and this form reproduces asexually by "cloning" or dividing itself into other polyps. Jellyfish can live for up to five years in the polyp stage and up to two years in the medusa stage(active). When found in warm waters these jellyfish flourish. They are mostly euryhaline but low salinities may have a negative effect on the species. In times of low salinity these jellyfish exhibit loss of their zooxanthellae. Their dispersal patterns are locally patchy. They have only a mild venom and are not considered a threat to humans. They have a mild or non-noticeable sting which can be cured with dilute acid. (Usually white or cider vinegar) Ecology The Phyllorhiza punctata is a part of the Rhizostomatidae Family and the genus Phyllorhiza. Their venom is not potent enough to kill their prey which is why they are filter feeders. Their main food source is zooplankton. Normally they travel in large groups, which tends to result in huge swaths of them consuming all of the zooplankton in the area. This leads to detrimental impacts for the local ecosystem in which they travel through. Since they eat all the zooplankton, there is a lack of food for the other species relying on the plankton as their food source. Their native distribution is around Cairns, Queensland, Australia, and Thailand. Having its native habitat extend north from eastern Australia up to South East Asia. They have also been found in non-native regions such as Western Australia, United States, the Atlantic Basin, Brazil, Puerto Rico, the eastern Mediterranean, Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico. The P. punctata prefer warm temperate seas and aggregate in waters near coastlines. Their nutrition comes primarily from zooplankton. The process of consumption is by filtration. Fluid flows over clusters of mouthlets near the base of the oral arm disk in the centre of the cylinder. The feeding process is continuous since the jellyfish must be swimming in order to move the prey to different mouthlets so they can be digested. Reproduction in P. punctata is unique. In the initial stage of life – the polyp stage – the polyp is asexual. It reproduces by multiplying itself various times; creating a larger hatch than the original the mother had created. The next stage – the medusa stage – is when the jellyfish becomes sexually reproductive. The male shoots his sperm into the water and the female collects the sperm in her mouthlets and filter them to her reproductive organs. There they grow into polyps where they are eventually dropped to the bottom of the ocean where they grow and begin to reproduce on their own. Invasive species The species has been found in the waters off the Hawaiian Islands since at least 1945, in the Mediterranean Sea since at least 1965, and in large numbers in the Gulf of Mexico since 2000. In the eastern Pacific, it has been sighted in the San Diego area and the Gulf of California as early as 1981. While it is not known how it was introduced to these regions, it has been theorized that budding polyps may have attached themselves to ships, or were carried in a ship's ballast tank which was subsequently dumped. As an invasive species, it has become a threat to several species of shrimp. In Gulf waters, the medusae grow to unusually large size, upwards of across. In July 2007 smallish individuals were seen in Bogue Sound much further north along the North Carolina coast. However, their ability to consume plankton and the eggs and larvae of important fish species is cause for concern. Each jellyfish can filter as much as of seawater per day. While doing that, it ingests the plankton that native species need. In North America and Hawaii its non-native locations are the following: Northern Gulf of Mexico, Southern California, Greater Antilles, Florida, and the Hawaiian Islands. They are also threatening large fishing industries because of their consumption of eggs and the larvae of fish, crab and shrimp. Along with harming populations in the fisheries, they severely clog the fishnets, damage boat intakes, and ruin fishing gear. At times they cause the closure of productive areas for fishing. References External links Species Profile - White Spotted Jellyfish (Phyllorhiza punctata), National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library. Lists general information and resources for White Spotted Jellyfish. A Survey of the Relationship of the Australian Spotted Jellyfish, Phyllorhiza punctata, and OCS Platforms White-Spotted Jellyfish, California Academy of Sciences Mastigiidae Articles containing video clips Animals described in 1884

5394959

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LegalZoom

LegalZoom

LegalZoom.com, Inc. is an American online legal technology company that helps its customers create legal documents without necessarily having to hire a lawyer. Available documents include wills and living trusts, business formation documents, copyright registrations, and trademark applications. The company also offers attorney referrals and registered agent services. Cited as a disruption to traditional consumer legal services, the company asserts that this disruption benefits people who otherwise could not hire a lawyer by expanding their access to legal services. History LegalZoom was founded by Brian S. Lee, Brian Liu, Edward Hartman, and Robert Shapiro. The company began offering legal service products to the public on March 12, 2001. LegalZoom was a nominee for the American Bar Association's 2005 Louis M. Brown Award. In 2011, Business Insider ranked LegalZoom 27th on its list of the world's most valuable startups, and in 2012, Fast Company ranked LegalZoom 26th on its list of the most innovative companies. In September 2012, LegalZoom formed a partnership with the United Kingdom-based legal services provider QualitySolicitors, as part of which the companies jointly offer online legal services in the United Kingdom including company formations and divorce documents. On January 6, 2014, European private capital firm Permira announced its intent to acquire $200 million in the outstanding equity of LegalZoom and become its largest shareholder pending regulatory approval. On February 14, 2014 Permira announced that the deal was complete. In 2015, LegalZoom announced they were to make their first UK acquisition. The acquired firm was Beaumont Legal, a 200-year-old firm in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England which describes itself as one of the largest conveyancers in the country. In 2021, LegalZoom acquired Earth Class Mail. Reception Based on concerns that LegalZoom's services were a form of legal advice, the North Carolina State Bar issued a cease and desist order in 2008. After an investigation by a special referee, the court determined that LegalZoom's practices "do not constitute the unauthorized practice of law". Similar lawsuits in other states were settled or dismissed. The September 2012 issue of Consumer Reports magazine gave mixed reviews to the computer-aided legal forms generated by LegalZoom and two of its competitors, Nolo (formerly Nolo Press) and Rocket Lawyer. The evaluation found that all three companies provided documents "for a fraction of what you'd pay a lawyer." The Consumer Reports review also said that "[u]sing any of the three services is generally better than drafting the documents yourself without legal training or not having them at all. But unless your needs are simple... none of the will-writing products is likely to entirely meet your needs." It also found in some cases, the other non-will documents weren't specific enough or contained language that could potentially lead to an unintended result. A 2016 analysis posted on the e-commerce blogging site "Blogtrepreneur" examined some of the reviews given to LegalZoom by experts and by its customers. The analysis found that "not all of the LegalZoom reviews have been flattering," but noted that the company is accredited by the Better Business Bureau, that it has been in business since 2001, and called LegalZoom "a fairly noteworthy and respected business." In 2015, LegalZoom and the North Carolina State Bar Association settled years of litigation by agreeing that companies like LegalZoom which offer automated legal document preparation will not violate North Carolina's prohibitions against the unauthorized practice of law if the companies register with the state and comply with certain consumer protection procedures. Following the settlement, the US Federal Trade Commission and the US Department of Justice jointly advised the North Carolina Legislature that the state should avoid placing overly broad restrictions on companies that offer computer-facilitated legal services. In discussing the potential benefits from such software and websites, the two agencies stated that "[i]nteractive software for generating legal forms may be more cost-effective for some consumers, may exert downward price pressure on licensed lawyer services, and may promote the more efficient and convenient provision of legal services. Such products may also help increase access to legal services." References External links Companies based in Glendale, California Law firms established in 2001 Internet properties established in 2001 2001 establishments in California Online legal services Companies listed on the Nasdaq 2021 initial public offerings American companies established in 2001 Online companies of the United States Legal organizations based in the United States

5394967

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllorhiza

Phyllorhiza

Phyllorhiza is a genus of jellyfish in the family Mastigiidae. Species The following species are recognized in the genus Phyllorhiza: Phyllorhiza pacifica (Light, 1921) Phyllorhiza peronlesueuri Goy, 1990 Phyllorhiza punctata Lendenfeld, 1884 References Mastigiidae Scyphozoan genera

5394970

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucini%C8%99u

Bucinișu

Bucinișu (), composed of two villages, Bucinișu and Bucinișu Mic, is a small commune in Olt County in the region of southern Oltenia, Romania. It has mainly developed throughout the time on the practice of agriculture. Its name draws its origin from a sound instrument used by the drovers that would tend their flocks of sheep in that region, an instrument called "bucium" or "bucin". References Communes in Olt County Localities in Oltenia

5394985

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%27s%20Go%21%20%28Philippine%20TV%20series%29

Let's Go! (Philippine TV series)

Let's Go! is a Philippine situation comedy on ABS-CBN, set in a college dormitory and targeting a teenaged audience. The show premiered on June 3, 2006, at 4 pm. from July 8, 2006, the show was broadcast on Saturdays at 5 pm. The last episode aired on May 26, 2007. Cast, characters, and appearance period Cast table = Main cast (credited) = Recurring cast (3+) = Guest cast (1-2) Summary plot (seasons 1-3) Norman (Blumark Roces) is the Bisoy boy next door, and is friends with Dennis (Timmy Boy Sta. Maria), who is popular with girls. Dennis is close to the shy girl Junniper (Eda Nolan). Charie (Charee Pineda) is the most attractive girl of the group, and is not intimidated by the bully Badjie (Badjie Mortiz), who is otherwise feared by everyone. List of episodes Season 1 Episode #01: Ang Simula Episode #02: Bar Chillin' Episode #03: Maling Akala Episode #04: Initiation Episode #05: Acquaintance Party Episode #06: Pustahan Episode #07: The Problem is Tubig Episode #08: Master Showman Episode #09: First Kiss Episode #10: Papel, Gunting, Bato Episode #11: You Rock My World Episode #12: L.Q. Episode #13: Break Na Tayo Season 2 Episode #14: Tomaan Episode #15: In or Out Episode #16: Art Atak Episode #17: Maalala Mo Kaya? Episode #18: Girls Night Out Episode #19: Girls Night Out Episode #20: Kotse at Curly Episode #21: Tsismis Episode #22: The Grudge: Daw? Episode #23: Labo Notes Season 3 Episode #24: Let's Go Boracay Episode #25: PaKiss Kiss Episode #26: Paano Episode #27: Mukhang Guilty Episode #28: Kris Kringle Episode #29: Let's Go!: Live! Episode #30: Dennis is Back!!!!! Episode #31: The Best of Let's Go! Episode #32: The More You Hate, The More You Love! Episode #33: Putina Episode #34: Nakaw Tingin...Nakaw Halik! Episode #35: Debut Ni Per Episode #36: Time Waits For Norman Episode #37: Akin Ka Na Lang Episode #38: Don't Touch My Poochie Episode #39: Goodbye Alex Episode #40: Grrrl Power!! Episode #41: Let's Go Ready to Rumble Episode #42: Graduation Blues!! Episode #43: Let's Go Baguio! Episode #44: Let's Go Subic! Episode #45: Let's Go 8 Waves Episode #46: Halina, Let's Go Vigan Episode #47: Let's Go Camping!!! Episode #48: Let's Go Pangasinan! Episode #49: Let's Go Crazy! Episode #50: Let's Go Finale! Season 4: Gokada Go! Episode #01: First Day Go! Episode #02: Biak Na Bato Episode #03: Go Signal Episode #04: Miss U Like Crazy Episode #05: Let's Go Panty Episode #06: The Naked Truth Episode #07: Go Melody Go Episode #08: Go Kini Go References External links ABS-CBN original programming 2006 Philippine television series debuts 2007 Philippine television series endings Philippine comedy television series 2000s college television series 2000s teen sitcoms Filipino-language television shows Television series about teenagers

5395017

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canspell%20National%20Spelling%20Bee

Canspell National Spelling Bee

The Canwest Canspell National Spelling Bee, later called the Postmedia Canspell National Spelling Bee, was a spelling bee held annually in Canada from 2005–2012. The bee was affiliated with the United States-based Scripps National Spelling Bee and used similar rules and word lists, adapted to suit Canadian usage and spelling. It was organized by Canwest Global Communications, parent company of 9 of the regional sponsors, from 2005–2010 and by the Postmedia Network from 2010–2012 after Canwest's bankruptcy. The spelling bee ended in 2012. Competition As of 2011, regional finals are held in 21 Canadian cities from Victoria to St. John's. The winner in each of the regional finals participated in the national final in Ottawa each April from 2005 to 2010. From 2005 to 2009, the regional winners also qualified for the Scripps National Spelling Bee in Washington D.C. whether they won the nationals or not. In 2010, because of the economic downturn and Canwest's bankruptcy, only the winner of the nationals participated in the SNSB. From 2011 onwards, the top 3 spellers, including the national champion, will compete in the SNSB. The name of the competition was changed subtly in 2009 from "CanWest CanSpell" to "Canwest Canspell", in line with Canwest's elimination of CamelCase spelling from its corporate brand. In late 2010, the competition was renamed the Postmedia Canspell Spelling Bee as a result of Canwest's bankruptcy in October 2009, where Canwest's assets were sold to Shaw Communications and the Postmedia Network. Media and the Bee When Canwest sponsored the bee, it enjoyed significant coverage from Canwest-owned media outlets. A documentary on the event was produced in 2005, a live broadcast was aired in 2007, and edited versions of the finals were broadcast in 2006 and 2008. These broadcasts were all aired on the Global Television Network. Live webcasts are also featured each year. In 2011, CBC became the new broadcast partner and created a special one-hour primetime feature on the Canadian final called "Spelling Night in Canada". It usually takes place in the last week of March. All Postmedia daily newspapers participate in the spelling bee, with the exception of The Province in Vancouver, as the company also owns the sponsoring Vancouver Sun. Postmedia's National Post, based in the Toronto area, serves as sponsor for that market. Uniquely, the Hamilton competition was co-sponsored by the National Post and a Canwest-owned TV station, CHCH-TV, and not a local paper such as The Hamilton Spectator. Hamilton does not have a local sponsor beyond 2009, after which CHCH was sold from Canwest to Channel Zero Inc. Hamilton spellers compete at the Toronto National Post spelling bee. Other newspaper sponsors include the Winnipeg Free Press, The Telegram in St. John's, The Chronicle Herald in Halifax, The Chronicle-Journal in Thunder Bay, and The Guardian in Charlottetown and The Daily News in Kamloops, British Columbia. The Saturn brand of General Motors was the presenting sponsor for 2005 and 2006. Saturn withdrew in 2007 and was replaced by Canada Post. Other national sponsors have included Air Canada, AIC Limited, Oxford University Press, the Canadian Museum of Civilization, the Lord Elgin Hotel, the Egg Farmers of Canada, and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). Competition statistics National champions Runners-up Winning words and word runner-up misspelled Staff Jacques Bailly, the long-time pronouncer for the American Scripps National Spelling Bee, also was the pronouncer for the Canadian Canspell Bee. References External links Official Canspell website English language Spelling competitions Educational organizations based in Canada Recurring events established in 2005 Competitions in Canada 2005 establishments in Canada

5395025

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow-eye%20mullet

Yellow-eye mullet

Yellow-eye mullet (Aldrichetta forsteri), also known as Coorong mullet (after the Coorong area of South Australia), conmuri, estuary mullet, Forster's mullet, freshwater mullet, pilch, pilchard, Victor Harbor mullet, yelloweye, yellow-eyed mullet known are small, near-shore fish found in temperate waters of southern Australia from just north of Sydney, New South Wales to Shark Bay in Western Australia, around Tasmania, and New Zealand. Description Yellow-eye mullet are small, near-shore fish that usually reach 30–40 cm. Yellow-eyed Mullet fish is grey-green at the top, silver at the bottom, yellow at the bottom, bright yellow eyes. Although yellow-eye fish tastes good, they are most often used as bait fish. Yellow-eye mullet is considered to be the best bait for capturing larger species. Freshly caught mullet fillets, oozing blood and juice, are irresistible to almost any fish in the sea. They also have sharp heads and mouths, and the scales on the body are particularly small and thin and are very easy to fall off. Unlike most fish, it has two ridges, the first with 4 thorns and the second with 1 spine and 9 rays. These fish are olive or blue-brown with silver on both sides and bright yellow or gold eyes. The fins have brown edges. They can live in water depth ranging from 0–50 m, but usually, stay in 0–10 m depth. They are most comfortable in temperature ranging from 14 to 24 degree Celsius, with the upper tolerate temperature of 28 degree Celsius and the lower limit unknown. Distribution South-west Pacific; also Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania; all over New Zealand and the Chatham Islands. Habitat They usually live in shallow bays, ports and estuaries. They are often seen shoaling near the surface, but rarely enter freshwater. For example, Lake Ellesmere, south of Christchurch, will be found at any time of the year, but their spawning takes place in the sea. Life cycle The maximum age of yellow-eyed mullet is estimated to be seven years old. They lay their eggs between December and March, but some believe that spawning may also occur in winter. They usually lay their eggs in summer and autumn coastal waters or in the estuary. Each fish can release up to 680,000 eggs. They may live for seven years and mature in 2–4 years. Female grow faster and are more than male. Diet and foraging They are omnivores that feed on sea floor debris, algae and small invertebrates, crustaceans, diatoms, molluscs, insect larvae, fish, polychaetes, coelenterates and fish eggs. They are often filtered from the sand through the mouth. Ingesting a certain percentage of sand helps to grind food in the muscles of the stomach. Predators In the natural food chain, they are preyed by larger predators such as dolphins and orcas, and are a food source for humans. Uses They have two commercial uses. One is the marine beach fishery, where adult fish lay eggs for packaging as caviar. Demand is high in Australia and overseas. It can be sold fresh, or smoked or dried. Beach fences are used for this type of fishery. The second method of commercial fisheries in the estuary fishery, which accounts for the majority of mullet fish catches. Yellow-eye are caught throughout the year, but most of the capture occurs in late summer and autumn. Coastal collection gill nets and tunnel nets are the main gear forms used in the fishery. People usually look for shiny skin, solid meat, and a fresh marine scent when choosing fish. In the fillets, look for pink, grey, solid, shiny, moist meat without any brown markings or oozing water and a pleasant fresh marine scent. References Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox, Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand, (William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1982) External links yellow-eye mullet Marine fish of Southern Australia Marine fish of New Zealand yellow-eye mullet

5395030

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinosternoidea

Kinosternoidea

Kinosternoidea is a superfamily of aquatic turtles, which includes two families: Dermatemydidae, and Kinosternidae. Kinosternoids are cryptodires, turtles whose necks are able to retract within their shell. Molecular studies suggest they are likely the sister group to the snapping turtles of the family Chelydridae. They are also omnivorous, oviparous, phosphatic, and actively mobile. Classification Family Dermatemydidae Genus Dermatemys Genus Baptemys Family Kinosternidae Genus Hoplochelys Subfamily Staurotypinae Genus Claudius Genus Staurotypus Subfamily Kinosterninae Genus Kinosternon Genus Sternotherus Past classification The entirely unrelated big-headed turtle (Platysternon megacephalum) was previously included in classification. References Bibliography

5395039

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia%20del%20Valle

Colonia del Valle

Colonia del Valle (Spanish for: Del Valle neighborhood) is a neighborhood in the Benito Juarez borough of Mexico City. It includes "...a great number of parks, vast and tree-lined streets, prestigious shopping malls, and some city landmarks...". Del Valle is bounded by the streets of: Viaducto Miguel Alemán to the north, Cuauhtémoc and Universidad to the east, Rio Mixcoac - Barranca del Muerto to the south and Insurgentes Avenue to the west. Adjacent neighborhoods include Colonia Nápoles, Ciudad de los Deportes, Noche Buena and San Borja to the west, Escandón to the northwest, Colonia Roma Sur and Piedad Narvarte to the north, Colonia Narvarte, Vértiz Narvarte and Letrán Valle to the east, and Tlacomecatl del Valle, Miguel Alemán, Xoco and Santa Cruz Atoyac to the south. History At the beginning of the 20th century the ranches cultivated with alfalfa and fruit trees were divided, giving rise to Colonia Americana. Some neighborhood streets are named after these ranches and their fruit trees, others after Mexican philanthropists. While serving as a streetcar route from Mexico City to Coyoacán it developed slowly until 1920, when it expanded and the Avenida de los Insurgentes was paved. Large-scale home and mansion construction started. The area also featured monument construction and green areas; one is the Paque Hundido, built on a former sand mine. In the 1960s the area was as fully developed as many other neighborhoods of equal purchasing power on its borders. Commercial development included two major facilities, Liverpool Insurgentes opening in 1962 and the country's first shopping center, University Plaza, in 1969. In 1978 the city built the Ejes viales, a system of wide, one-way roads criss-crossing the city, and with this Del Valle was transformed radically and permanently, its tree-lined boulevards with green medians transformed into quasi-freeways. Ejes 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 south crossed from east to west and 1, 2 and 3 from south to north. This drove many families to look for a quieter place to live and began the process of redeveloping the area. Mansions were replaced by apartment buildings, offices or schools. Crime statistics from 2009 showed that Colonia del Valle was the second most crime-ridden neighborhood in Mexico City, sharing the top 10 list with notorious neighborhoods Tepito and Colonia Doctores. However, 2012 statistics do not place Del Valle on the list of the top 6 most crime-ridden neighborhoods. Transportation Major roads running through the neighborhood include: Insurgentes, Cuauhtemoc, Northern Division, University, Félix Cuevas, José María Rico, Xola. Mexico City Metro Line 3 has several stations in the vicinity: Etiopía, Eugenia, División del Norte, Zapata and Coyoacán. Mexico City Metrobús (BRT) Line 3 stops at Amores (corner of Xola). Architecture The architecture includes large mansions in Californian mission revival Art Deco style and, to a lesser extent, surviving examples of Porfiriato. At the end of the 1960s many small skyscrapers, both commercial and residential, were built, making the area one of the most densely populated of Mexico City. Housing complexes were also built. It houses churches such as the Temple of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, and buildings dating from the period of colonization and conquest between park Tlacoquemécatl including the Temple of San Lorenzo and the Xochimanca, cultural areas and parks like the Sunken Park or Mariscal Sucre Park, the French Kiosk, art galleries, libraries, auditoriums Polyforum Cultural Siqueiros, Plaza México, and Estadio Azul stadium. Religious buildings The religious structures found in the Del Valle include the Templo del Purísimo Corazón de María (Parish of the Most Pure Heart of Mary) at the corner of Gabriel Mancera number 415. It was built in the early 20th century. In 1996 several scenes of the film Romeo + Juliet were filmed at the church. Mexican singer Luis Miguel was baptized there. The Temple of San Lorenzo Xochimanca, located in the park of the same name a.k.a. Parque Popular, was built in the 16th century. The Parroquia del Señor del Buen Despacho, located in Parque Tlacoquemécatl, dates from the 18th century. The Temple of Santo Tomás Actipan, built in 1897, is located at the corner of Bufalo and Tigre streets. The Temple of Santa Monica, with the signature "cáscaro" thin-shell structure of its architect Félix Candela, on Fresa Street opposite the park of San Lorenzo, was built in 1962. The Parish of Divine Providence in Adolfo Prieto street was constructed between 1968 and 1974. Education Within the Del Valle are two of the oldest educational institutions in the country; the College and Institute of Mexico and its Centro Universitario Mexico, and the Colegio Simón Bolívar. Graduates of these schools include Octavio Paz and Germán Dehesa. International schools include: Colegio Nuevo Continente Tomas Alva Edison Notable people Helena Espinosa Berea (ca.1895 - ca.1960), Mexican academic María Ernestina Larráinzar Córdoba (1854-1925), Mexican writer, novelist, teacher, religious order founder References External links Colonia del Valle on the Internet Benito Juárez, Mexico City Del Valle

5395045

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maple%20Shorts

Maple Shorts

Maple Shorts is a children's television show produced by March Entertainment, producers of the TV show, Chilly Beach. Maple Shorts debuted in April 2005 and aired on the CBC Television. Maple Shorts is hosted by a goose and a salmon. Canuckles is a cranky, conceited Canada goose who wanted to direct but settled for being a critic instead. Sela the salmon is Canuckles' bubble-headed, sweet-natured co-host. Together, they critique each short film which airs on the program. Maple Shorts is the second broadcast television show produced by March Entertainment. Chilly Beach, the company's most popular show, started out as an Internet show using Flash animation. March Entertainment, founded in 1996, also produces the Maple Shorts Canadian Animators' Flash Film Festival. The festival feeds higher-quality submissions onto the television show, and is used as a developmental vehicle for up-and-coming animators. Episodes Waiting for Schtumpenflugenburgermeyr 13 April 2005 The Legend of the Headless Usher 20 April 2005 Goose Encounters of the Third Kind 30 April 2005 What's Good for the Goose 4 May 2005 2000s Canadian animated television series 2005 Canadian television series debuts 2006 Canadian television series endings Canadian children's animated television series CBC Television original programming Canadian flash animated television series Animated television series about ducks Animated television series about fish Television shows filmed in Greater Sudbury

5395046

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knothole%20Gang

Knothole Gang

In minor league baseball promotion, the Knothole Gang is a special ticket package for children (usually no more than 12–14 years of age) sold in an effort to bring more families out to games. An example of teams using the promotion: Billings Mustangs – $12 38-game season pass Jupiter Hammerheads – $15 free admittance to Tuesday games Rochester Red Wings – $3 ticket on selected games Palm Beach Cardinals – $15 free admittance to Tuesday games Syracuse Chiefs – $15 Sunday game activities Wichita Wranglers – $10 10-game pass St. Lucie Mets – $18 free admittance to Friday and Sunday games In addition to game admission, souvenir T-shirts, meet-the-players autograph days, and free or discount merchandise may also be included in the membership. History Historically, the St. Louis Cardinals are recognized as sponsoring the first "Knothole Gang club". A quote, from Baseball Though a Knothole – A St. Louis History by Bill Borst, pages 38 – 39, tells the story. "William Edward Bilheimer, a St. Louis insurance man, introduced the idea of a 'Knothole Gang'. With each fifty dollars worth of stock purchased [in the Cardinal franchise] went one bleacher seat that was opened up free of charge for the city's youth." The date was the beginning of the 1917 season. This came about as part of the plans when Mrs. Helen Britton sold the Cardinal's club to a "fan syndicate from the city's prominent businessmen that formed an army of stockholders", page 38. Executive Branch Rickey developed the idea. The knothole gangs came about as professional ballparks were first being built with wooden fences. Kids without the price of a seat would find that the wooden fences surrounding the parks provided spy holes to watch the games for free. These holes were created when knots in the wood popped out. Naturally gangs of kids gathered around the knotholes. In the late 1880s (perhaps 1889) – New Orleans Pelicans owner Abner Powell promoted the first knot hole gang when he allowed kids to watch free if they showed good behavior. Another good example of a knothole gang was the Columbus Redbirds of Columbus, Ohio. If kids decided that they wanted to sign up they would do so and if they got good grades, they would be admitted free into any home game with the exceptions of the playoffs and All-Star games. The Brooklyn Dodgers gave over 2 million free passes to kids during the 1940s and '50s. A photo of youngsters lying on the pavement to grab a view from under the center field gate at Ebbets. From 1962 to 1965, the Houston Colt .45s called their knot-hole gang the "Six Shooter Club". References Minor league baseball

5395058

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Christian%20Unions%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom

List of Christian Unions in the United Kingdom

This list is drawn from the Universities and Colleges Christian Fellowship (UCCF) website. It is not necessarily exhaustive, nor are all the Christian Unions shown necessarily affiliated to UCCF. England East Central Amersham & Wycombe College Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford Bedford College University of Bedfordshire Brunel University, Uxbridge – CU Website Buckinghamshire New University, High Wycombe – CU Website Buckinghamshire New University, Newland Park – CU Website Cambridge Regional College University of Cambridge (Cambridge Inter-Collegiate Christian Union) – CU Website City College Norwich Colchester Institute Cranfield University, Cranfield De Montfort University, Bedford Downham Market High School – Sixth Form Centre University of East Anglia – Norwich CU Website University of Essex – CU Website The Henley College Hertford Regional College, Ware Centre University of Hertfordshire – CU Website University of East Anglia – CU website Norwich University of the Arts Oaklands College, Welwyn Garden City Oxford Brookes University Oxford Institute of Legal Practice University of Oxford (Oxford Inter-Collegiate Christian Union) – CU Website Suffolk College, Ipswich – CU Website West Suffolk College Westminster Institute, Oxford Brookes University Writtle College London Goldsmiths, University of London – CU Website Heythrop College (Ecumenical Christian Union) Imperial College London – CU Website Roehampton University King's College London – CU Website King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry – CU Website Kingston University – CU Website University College London – CU Website University College London Medical School – CM Website London School of Economics – CU Website London Southbank University Queen Mary, University of London – CU Website Royal College of Art – CU Website Royal College of Music Royal Holloway, University of London – CU Website School of Oriental and African Studies – CU Website St Paul's School (London) – CU Website St. Mary's University College (Twickenham) University of East London University of West London (formerly Thames Valley University) Midlands Aston University Bishop Grosseteste University, Lincoln Birmingham City University – CU Website Coventry University – CU Website University of Derby - CU Facebook Page Keele University – CU website University of Leicester - CU Website Loughborough University – CU Website University of Lincoln – CU Website University of Nottingham – CU Website University of Nottingham (Sutton Bonington) —CU Website University of Warwick – CU Website University of Birmingham – CU Website Nottingham Trent University (City) – CU Website Nottingham Trent University (Clifton) University of Northampton – CU Website University of Staffordshire – CU Website - Stoke Campus and CU Website - Stafford Campus North East Barnsley College Bishop Burton College Bradford College University of Bradford – CU Website Bretton Hall College, University of Leeds Calderdale College Cleveland College of Art and Design, Hartlepool Cleveland College of Art and Design, Middlesbrough The College of Law, York Darlington College of Technology Dearne Valley College Dewsbury College Durham University (Durham Inter-Collegiate Christian Union) CU Website Durham University#Queen's Campus, Stockton – Stockton on Tees – CU Website; Evangelistic Sermons at QCCU Gilesgate Sixth Form College Greenhead College Grimsby College Huddersfield New College University of Huddersfield – CU Website University of Hull – CU Website University of Hull, Scarborough Leeds College of Technology University of Leeds - CU Website Leeds Metropolitan University – CU Website University of Lincoln, Hull Newcastle College Newcastle University – CU Website North Lindsey College Northumbria University, Newcastle – CU Website Park Lane College Sheffield Hallam University – CU Website University of Sheffield – CU Website Stockton Sixth Form College University of Sunderland – CU Website University of Teesside – CU Website Trinity and All Saints College, University of Leeds York College York St John University – CU Website University of York – CU Website North West Lancaster University – CU website Liverpool Universities (University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Hope University) – CU website Manchester Metropolitan University – CU website University of Central Lancashire – CU website University of Cumbria (Lancaster campus) – CU website University of Cumbria (Carlisle campus) – CU website University of Manchester – CU website University of Salford – CU website University of Chester – CU website South East Solent University – CU website University of Brighton – CU website University of Kent – CU website University of Portsmouth – CU website University of Reading – CU website University of Winchester – CU website University of Southampton – CU website University of Surrey – CU website University of Sussex – CU website University of Chichester Chichester College Eastbourne College Bournemouth University/Arts University Bournemouth – CU website Royal Grammar School, Guildford - CU website South West University of Bath – CU website University of Bristol – CU website University of Exeter – CU website University of Gloucestershire – CU website Plymouth University – CU website University of the West of England – CU website Falmouth University/University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus – CU website University of St Mark & St John (Plymouth) Northern Ireland Belfast Methodist College Belfast Queen's University Belfast – CU website Scotland Glasgow Caledonian University - CU website Glasgow School of Art - CU Facebook Page Heriot-Watt University – CU website Herriot-Watt Scottish Borders Campus – CU Facebook Page Napier University – CU website Queen Margaret University - CU Website Robert Gordon University – CU website Royal Conservatoire of Scotland - CU Facebook Page Sabhal Mòr Ostaig - CU Facebook Page University of Aberdeen – CU website University of Abertay Dundee – CU website University of Dundee – CU website University of Edinburgh – CU website University of Glasgow – CU website University of St Andrews – CU website University of Stirling – CU website University of Strathclyde – CU website University of the Highlands and Islands - CU Facebook Page University of the West of Scotland - CU Facebook Page Wales Aberystwyth University – CU Website Bangor University – CU Website Cardiff University – CU Website Cardiff Metropolitan University University of Glamorgan – CU Website University of Wales, Newport Swansea University – CU Website References Christian student societies in the United Kingdom Christian Unions in Great Britain Christian United Kingdom education-related lists Christian Unions

5395070

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%20Ahmad%20Muhammad%20Al%20Rahizi

Ali Ahmad Muhammad Al Rahizi

Ali Ahmad Muhammad Al Rahizi is a citizen of Yemen who was held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainment camps, in Cuba. His Guantanamo Internment Serial Number is 45. Joint Task Force Guantanamo counter-terrorism analysts reports he was born on October 13, 1979, in Taiz, Yemen. He was one of the first twenty Guantanamo captives, sent there on January 11, 2002, and called "the worst of the worst". Guantanamo analysts characterized him as one of the "Dirty Thirty". In 2009, he was classified as a "forever prisoner"—an individual for whom there was no evidence they had committed a war crime, who, nevertheless, was considered too dangerous to release. A Periodic Review Board hearing, in April 2014, reversed this determination. He was transferred to the United Arab Emirates on November 16, 2015, with four other Yemenis. Official status reviews Originally the Bush Presidency asserted that captives apprehended in the "war on terror" were not covered by the Geneva Conventions, and could be held indefinitely, without charge, and without an open and transparent review of the justifications for their detention. In 2004, the United States Supreme Court ruled, in Rasul v. Bush, that Guantanamo captives were entitled to being informed of the allegations justifying their detention, and were entitled to try to refute them. Office for the Administrative Review of Detained Enemy Combatants Following the Supreme Court's ruling the Department of Defense set up the Office for the Administrative Review of Detained Enemy Combatants. Scholars at the Brookings Institution, led by Benjamin Wittes, listed the captives still held in Guantanamo in December 2008, according to whether their detention was justified by certain common allegations: Ali Ahmad Muhammad Al Rahizi was listed as one of the captives who "The military alleges ... are members of Al Qaeda." Ali Ahmad Muhammad Al Rahizi was listed as one of the captives who "The military alleges that the following detainees stayed in Al Qaeda, Taliban or other guest- or safehouses." Ali Ahmad Muhammad Al Rahizi was listed as one of the captives who "The military alleges ... took military or terrorist training in Afghanistan." Ali Ahmad Muhammad Al Rahizi was listed as one of the captives who "The military alleges that the following detainees were captured under circumstances that strongly suggest belligerency." Ali Ahmad Muhammad Al Rahizi was listed as one of the captives who "The military alleges ... served on Osama Bin Laden’s security detail." Ali Ahmad Muhammad Al Rahizi was listed as one of the captives who was an "al Qaeda operative". Ali Ahmad Muhammad Al Rahizi was listed as one of the "82 detainees made no statement to CSRT or ARB tribunals or made statements that do not bear materially on the military’s allegations against them." habeas corpus A writ of habeas corpus, Ali Ahmed Mohammed Al Rezehi v. George W. Bush, was submitted on Ali Ahmed Mohammed Al Rezehi's behalf. In response, on October 14, 2004, the Department of Defense released 26 pages of unclassified documents related to his Combatant Status Review Tribunal. Mentioned in the "No-hearing hearings" study According to the study entitled, No-hearing hearings, there was an anomaly in Al Rahizi's record. Al Rahizi's Personal Representative met with him for twenty minutes on September 23, 2004. Al Rahizi's Tribunal convened on September 28, 2004, without Al Rahizi being present. The study quoted from the Summary of the Basis for Tribunal Decision: The study then commented: Formerly secret Joint Task Force Guantanamo assessment On April 25, 2011, whistleblower organization WikiLeaks published formerly secret assessments drafted by Joint Task Force Guantanamo analysts. His Joint Task Force Guantanamo assessment was nine pages long, and was drafted on June 20, 2008. It was signed by camp commandant Rear Admiral David M. Thomas Jr. He recommended continued detention. Transfer Guantanamo analysts characterized him as one of the "Dirty Thirty". In 2009, he was classified as a "forever prisoner" as an individual for whom there was no evidence he had committed a war crime but still was considered too dangerous to release. A Periodic Review Board hearing, held in April 2014, reversed this determination. He was transferred to the United Arab Emirates on November 16, 2015, along with four other Yemenis. References Living people Yemeni extrajudicial prisoners of the United States Detainees of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp Kandahar detention facility detainees People from Taiz 1979 births

5395073

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratz%3A%20Forever%20Diamondz

Bratz: Forever Diamondz

Bratz: Forever Diamondz may refer to: Bratz: Forever Diamondz (film) Bratz: Forever Diamondz Soundtrack Bratz: Forever Diamondz (video game)

5395085

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%20Chenla%20II

Operation Chenla II

Operation Chenla II or Chenla Two was a major military operation conducted by the Khmer National Armed Forces (FANK) during the Cambodian Civil War from 20 August until 3 December 1971. Background During the days of Prince Norodom Sihanouk's rule in Cambodia in the 1960s, the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and their Viet Cong (VC) allies were able to use base areas in Cambodian territory in order to provide logistical support for their combat troops within South Vietnam. Following the March 1970 coup led by the pro-U.S. General Lon Nol, the PAVN aggressively expanded their control over the provinces of northeastern Cambodia, coming dangerously close to the capital Phnom Penh. Initially, the small, largely untrained and poorly-equipped FANK was not up to the challenge, especially against the larger and more experienced PAVN/VC forces. However, by the summer of 1971, and with massive American and South Vietnamese assistance, the FANK grew into a force of more than one-hundred thousand men. During the period between September 1970 and June 1971, the FANK won its first victories after they successfully dislodged elements of the PAVN 9th Division along Route 13 and in some parts of the Mekong Delta. By April 1971, Marshal Lon Nol decided to renew the offensive against the PAVN/VC forces, taking advantage of the high morale among the FANK troops following the partial success of Operation Chenla I. For the FANK everything was at stake, as many reserves and prestige were invested in the operation. The FANK High Command's main objective was to reopen all of Route 6 and to secure the road between Kampong Cham and the isolated garrison at Kampong Thom. A FANK task-force of ten infantry battalions – again including a large percentage of Khmer Krom troops – gathered into three brigade groups supported by armour and artillery was assembled for the operation, which relied heavily on U.S. air support to soften an estimated two PAVN divisions in the region. Operation Operation Chenla II was launched on 20 August 1971, again catching the PAVN/VC by surprise. Initially, the FANK task-force commanded by Brigadier-General Hou Hang Sin achieved their objective, as the FANK were able to retake Barai on 26 August and Kompong Thmar on 1 September. But as FANK formations were advancing towards PAVN/VC-held territory along Route 6, they were heavily exposed to attacks without adequate protection from their flanks. There was heavy fighting as the FANK 5th Brigade Group advanced towards Phnom Santuk while Tang Krasang was retaken on 20 September. On 5 October, three FANK brigades were committed to capture the areas around Phnom Santuk. The fighting there grew in intensity as the Cambodians and the PAVN engaged in heavy hand-to-hand combat. Phnom Santuk was eventually retaken, and the first phase of Chenla II was declared officially concluded on 25 October, although real military success had not yet been secured. Victory celebrations had hardly started at Phnom Penh when on the night of 26 October, barely hours upon the conclusion of the consolidation efforts of the second phase of the operation, the PAVN 9th Division, reinforced by the VC 205th and 207th Regional Regiments, launched an all-out assault on the Cambodian positions located along Route 6 from the Chamkar Andong rubber plantation. At the same time, the FANK 14th Battalion at Rumlong was encircled and isolated. During the following days, the 118th, 211th and 377th Battalions were forced to retreat to Tang Kauk, while the 61st Infantry Brigade pulled back to Treal, held by the 22nd Battalion. The FANK launched an unsuccessful counter-attack on 27 October, and the Cambodian corridor along Route 6 was crushed by PAVN/VC troops after weeks of heavy fighting. Elements of the PAVN 9th Division then launched a final attack which ripped apart several FANK and Khmer Krom battalions, causing the disorganized Cambodian troops to abandon several key positions on 1 December. The operation was terminated two days later. Aftermath For the PAVN/VC forces the battle ended with a decisive victory, as they were able to secure their strongholds in northeastern Cambodia without having to expand their control inside Cambodian territory. On 8 December 1971, North Vietnamese propaganda boasted that "By October, that is, in two months, the operation was stalemated and 4,500 enemy troops were annihilated and hundreds more captured. The 2nd and 43d Brigades were badly battered. Ten battalions and seven companies of infantry and a tank company were mauled, 39 combat vessels were sunk or set afire, nine aircraft were downed and seven 105mm artillery pieces, many vehicles and large quantities of military equipment were destroyed".2 The official PAVN history claims that 10,000 enemy troops were killed or dispersed and 4,700 weapons captured. Indeed, the final attack on FANK positions during the month of December virtually wiped out ten infantry battalions (including the sacrifice of the best Khmer Krom battalions) and resulted in the loss of another ten battalions-worth of equipment, which included two howitzers, four tanks, five armoured personnel carriers, one scout car, ten jeeps, and about two dozen other vehicles. Militarily and psychologically, the damage suffered during Operation Chenla II was a big one from which the Cambodians would never recover. From then on, the Republican government focused on consolidating its hold over the key urban centers, the main garrisons and the lower Mekong-Bassac river corridors, thus leaving most of the countryside virtually open to Khmer Rouge recruiting drives. See also Battle of Kampot Cambodian Civil War Khmer National Armed Forces Khmer Rouge Weapons of the Cambodian Civil War References Bibliography John S. Bowman, The Vietnam War, Day by Day, Mallard Books, New York 1989. Sak Sutsakhan, The Khmer Republic at War and the Final Collapse, U.S. Army Center of Military History, Washington D.C. 1980. – available online at Part 1Part 2Part 3 Part 4. Royal College Of Defence Studies 1975 Course – The War in Cambodia Its Causes And Military Development And The Political History Of The Khmer Republic 1970 – 1975. External links 1-FANK Order of the Day, 5 October 1971 2-Quan Doi Nhan Dan On Blows to Nixon's Khmerization Scheme Chenla II Chenla II 1971 in Cambodia Chenla II Military history of Cambodia Chenla II Chenla II

5395098

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supposition%20theory

Supposition theory

Supposition theory was a branch of medieval logic that was probably aimed at giving accounts of issues similar to modern accounts of reference, plurality, tense, and modality, within an Aristotelian context. Philosophers such as John Buridan, William of Ockham, William of Sherwood, Walter Burley, Albert of Saxony, and Peter of Spain were its principal developers. By the 14th century it seems to have drifted into at least two fairly distinct theories, the theory of "supposition proper", which included an "ampliation" and is much like a theory of reference, and the theory of "modes of supposition" whose intended function is not clear. Supposition proper Supposition was a semantic relation between a term and what that term was being used to talk about. So, for example, in the suggestion Drink another cup, the term cup is suppositing for the wine contained in the cup. The logical suppositum of a term was the object the term referred to. (In grammar, suppositum was used in a different way). However, supposition was a different semantic relationship from signification. Signification was a conventional relationship between utterances and objects mediated by the particularities of a language. Poculum signifies in Latin what cup signifies in English. Signification is the imposition of a meaning on an utterance, but supposition is taking a meaningful term as standing in for something. According to Peter of Spain "Hence signification is prior to supposition. Neither do they belong to the same thing. For to signify belongs to an utterance, but to supposit belongs to a term already, as it were, put together out of an utterance and a signification." An easy way to see the difference is in our drink another cup example. Here cup as an utterance signifies a cup as an object, but cup as a term of the language English is being used to supposit for the wine contained in the cup. Medieval logicians divided supposition into many different kinds; the jargons for the different kinds, their relations and what they all mean get complex, and differ greatly from logician to logician. Paul Spade's webpage has a series of helpful diagrams here. The most important division is probably between material, simple, personal, and improper supposition. A term supposits materially when it is used to stand in for an utterance or inscription, rather than for what it signifies. When I say Cup is a monosyllabic word, I am using the word cup to supposit materially for the utterance cup rather than for a piece of pottery. Material supposition is a medieval way of doing the work we would do today by using quotation marks. According to Ockham (Summa of Logic I64, 8) "Simple supposition occurs when a term supposits for an intention of the soul, but is not take significatively." The idea is that simple supposition happens when the term is standing in for a human concept rather than for the object itself. If I say Cups are an important type of pottery the term cups is not standing in for any particular cup, but for the idea of a cup in the human mind (according to Ockham, and many medieval logicians, but not according to John Buridan). Personal supposition in contrast is when the term supposits for what it signifies. If I say Pass me the cup the term cup is standing in for the object that is called a cup in English, so it is in personal supposition. A term is in improper supposition if it is suppositing for an object, but a different object than it signifies, as in my example Drink another cup. Modes of supposition Personal supposition was further divided in types such as discrete, determinate, merely confused, and confused and distributive. In 1966 T.K. Scott proposed giving a separate name for Medieval discussions of the subvarieties of personal supposition, because he thought it was a fairly distinct issue from the other varieties of supposition. He proposed calling the subvarieties of personal supposition a theory of "modes of supposition." The Medieval logicians give elaborate sets of syntactical rules for determining when a term supposits discretely, determinately, confusedly, or confusedly and distributively. So for example the subject of a negative claim, or indefinite one supposits determinately, but the subject of a singular claim supposits discretely, while the subject of an affirmative claim supposits confusedly and determinately. Albert of Saxony gives 15 rules for determining which type of personal supposition a term is using. Further the medieval logicians did not seem to dispute about the details of the syntactic rules for determining type of personal supposition. These rules seem to be important because they were linked to theories of descent to particulars and ascent from particulars. When I say I want to buy a cup I've made an indefinite affirmative claim, with cup as the predicate term. Further cup is a common term, including many particular cups within it. So if I "descend to particulars" I can re-phrase my claim as I want to buy this cup or I want to buy that cup, or I want to buy that other cup - and so on for all cups. If I had an infinite disjunction of all particular cups, it could stand in for the term cup, in its simple supposition in I want to buy a cup. This is called determinate supposition. That is when I say I want to buy a cup I mean some determinate cup, but I don't necessarily know which one yet. Likewise if I say Some cup isn't a table, I could substitute This cup isn't a table, or that cup isn't a table or ... On the other hand, if I say No cup is a table, I don't mean This cup isn't a table or that one isn't a table or ... I mean This cup isn't a table, AND that cup isn't a table, AND that other cup isn't a table, AND .... Here I am referring not to a determinate particular cup, but to all cups "fused" together, that is all cups "confusedly." This is called confused and distributive supposition. If I say This cup is made of gold I cannot descend to a disjunction of particulars, or to a conjunction of particulars, but only because this cup is already a particular. This kind of personal supposition is called discrete supposition. However, the predicate of a universal affirmative claim won't really fit any of these models. All coffee cups are cups does not imply All coffee cups are this cup, or all coffee cups are that cup, or ..., but still less does it imply All coffee cups are this cup, and all coffee cups are that cup, and .... On the other hand, if it happened to be the case that there was only one coffee cup left in the world, it would be true that All coffee cups are that cup, so I can validly infer from All coffee cups are that cup, to All coffee cups are cups. Here descent to disjunction fails, and descent to conjunction fails, but "ascent from particulars" is valid. This is called "merely confused supposition." That is basically how the theory works, a much thornier problem is exactly what the theory is for. Some commentators, like Michael Loux, have suggested that the theory of ascent and descent to particulars is intended to provide truth conditions for the quantifiers. T. K. Scott has suggested that the theory of supposition proper was designed to answer the question What kind of thing are you talking about? but the theory of personal supposition was aimed at answering the question How many of them are you talking about? Paul Spade has suggested that by the 14th century the theory of modes of personal supposition wasn't aimed at anything at all anymore. Ampliation When I say No cups are made of lead, cups supposits for all the cups that exist. But if I say Some cups were made of lead in Roman times, cups cannot just be suppositing for all the cups that exist, but for cups in the past as well. Here I am expanding the normal supposition of the terms I use. Peter of Spain says "Ampliation is the extension of a common term from a lesser supposition to a greater one." In practice, if I speak of the past, or the future, or make a modal claim, the terms I use get ampliated to supposit for past things, future things, or possible things, rather than their usual supposition for present actual things. Thus, ampliation becomes the medieval theory for explaining modal and tense logics within the theory of supposition. References Bos, E.P. (ed. 2013), Medieval Supposition Theory Revisited. Studies in Memory of L. M. de Rijk, Brill: Leiden. De Rijk, Lambertus M. (1967). Logica Modernorum. Assen: Van Gorcum. Dutilh Novaes, C. (2007), Formalizing Medieval Logical Theories. Suppositio, Consequentiae and Obligationes. New York: Springer. Dutilh Novaes, C. (2011), Supposition Theory in H. Lagerlund (ed.) Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy, Dordrecht: Springer, 2011, pp. 1229-1236. Kneale, William & Martha Kneale (1962). Development of Logic. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Kretzmann, Norman, Anthony Kenny & Jan Pinborg (1982). Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. McGrade, A.S. (editor), (2003). The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Philosophy, Cambridge University Press. . Terence Parsons (2014). Articulating medieval Logic, New York: oxford University Press. External links Paul Vincent Spade. Mediaeval Logic and Philosophy Paul Vincent Spade. Thoughts, Words, and Things. An Introduction to Late Medieval Logic and Semantic Theory (PDF) Raul Corazzon. Annotated Bibliography on the Medieval Theories of Supposition and Mental Language Theories of language Medieval philosophy History of logic

5395117

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sternotherus

Sternotherus

Sternotherus is a genus of turtles in the family Kinosternidae including six species commonly known as musk turtles. The genus is endemic to North America, occurring in the eastern third of the USA and southeast Ontario, Canada. Musk glands positioned near the bridge of the shell can produce foul smelling secretions when the turtles are threatened, although genital handling does not normally provoke a response. Sternotherus are moderately small turtles, with the largest species in the genus, the razor-backed musk turtle (S. carinatus), attaining a maximum of 17.6 cm. in shell length. The carapace is characteristically oval and domed (an exception being the flattened musk turtle, S. depressus), with most species having one or three keels on the back which may become smoother and obscure with age in some species. Musk turtles are generally drab in color, mostly black, gray, brown, olive, or ocher, which aid in camouflaging them in their natural habitats. The head is relatively large and stout, marked with spots, streaks, or strips. The plastron has only 10 or 11 scutes, as opposed to 12, a more common condition in North American turtles. The tail is short, with males having a horny claw like tip. Sternotherus are largely aquatic, however some species frequently bask on fallen logs or rocks emerging from the water, and eastern musk turtles (S. odoratus) occasionally leave the water to forage. Sternotherus are omnivorous and opportunistic generalist in their diet, although inclining toward being carnivorous, with mollusks (gastropods and bivalves) and insects making up a significant percentage of their diet. Some older adults develop large musculature on the head and expanded, crushing jaw surfaces aiding in the consumption of mollusk. Musk turtles are oviparous with females producing one to six clutches a year. The typical clutch size is two to four eggs, although clutches may range from one to 13. The sex of the hatchlings is determined by the incubation temperature. The eggs are deposited in shallow nest excavated on the banks or in woodlands a few meters from the water. Eggs may be laid singly, or in groups, and some species are known to share communal nesting areas. Etymology The generic name Sternotherus is Greek meaning hinged breast or chest, referring to the hinged plastron. The trivial names, or specific epithets include: carinatus – Latin for keeled in reference to the shape of the carapace; depressus – Latin for pressed down or low also referring to the shape of the carapace; intermedius – Latin for intermediate, historically believed to be a hybrid from between S. minor and S. peltifer; minor – Latin referencing its relatively small size compared to S. carinatus; odoratus – Latin for having an odor, referring the smell of the musk produced by its scent glands; peltifer – Latin meaning bearing a small shield, in reference to the small size of the scutes on the bridge the species. Taxonomy Sternotherus is one of four genera in the family Kinosternidae including: narrow-bridged musk turtles (Claudius), American mud turtles (Kinosternon), giant musk turtles (Staurotypus), and musk turtles (Sternotherus). Sternotherus are closely related, similar in appearance, and sympatric in much of their range with some species of mud turtles (Kinosternon), and the two genera constitute the subfamily Kinosterninae within the family Kinosternidae. In the past some taxonomist placed Sternotherus in the synonymy of the genus Kinosternon but they are generally regarded as two separate genera with six species currently (2022) recognized in the genus Sternotherus. Genus Sternotherus – musk turtles Extant species Sternotherus carinatus – razor-backed musk turtle Sternotherus depressus – flattened musk turtle Sternotherus intermedius – intermediate musk turtle Sternotherus minor – loggerhead musk turtle Sternotherus odoratus – eastern musk turtle Sternotherus peltifer – stripeneck musk turtle Fossil species †Sternotherus palaeodorus Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Sternotherus. Description Turtles in the genus Sternotherus are very similar to the American mud turtles in the genus Kinosternon, but tend to have a more domed carapace, with a distinctive keel down the center of it. Sternotherus odoratus typically grows to only in straight carapace length at full maturity, with females often being larger than males. Distribution The genus Sternotherus is endemic to North America. It occurs in the approximant eastern third of the USA and extreme southeast Ontario, Canada. The eastern musk turtle (S. odoratus), the most wide-ranging species of the genus, occurs in southern Maine, south to Florida, west into eastern Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas, and north to southeast Wisconsin, southern Michigan, and the Great Lakes region of southern Ontario. It is generally absent from higher elevations in the Appalachian Mountains. The other species in the genus largely occur within the southern regions of the eastern musk turtle's range. Two species have relatively limited distributions, the flattened musk turtle (S. depressus) is endemic to north-central Alabama in the Black Warrior River basin above the fall line, and the intermediate musk turtle (S. intermedius) is found in southeastern Alabama and adjacent areas of the Florida panhandle in the Choctawhatchee, Conecuh, Yellow, Pea, Blackwater, and Escambia rivers. The razor-backed musk turtle (S. carinatus) occurs throughout Louisiana, and neighboring areas of Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. The loggerhead musk turtle (S. minor) is found in extreme southeast Alabama, Georgia, and northern Florida. The stripe-necked musk turtle (S. peltifer) predominantly occurs in Alabama and Mississippi with some peripheral records from Georgia, and Louisiana, and ranging into northern watersheds in eastern Tennessee with marginal records from North Carolina, and Virginia. Ecology and natural history Diet: Sternotherus are omnivorous. The loggerhead (S. minor) and stripe-necked musk turtle (S. peltifer) have been described as opportunistic generalist tending toward carnivory. Mollusk make up a significant portion of the diet in all species, particularly adults. Juveniles and sub-adults (under 5 cm.) feed on a higher percentage of aquatic insects, algae, and carrion. An ontogenetic change in diet occurs and adults shift to an omnivorous diet with a high percentage of mollusk. Food items include mollusks (gastropods and bivalves), insects (including larva, adults, aquatic and terrestrial), crustaceans (crayfish and crabs), worms (earthworms and leeches), amphibians (tadpoles and small frogs), carrion, filamantous green algae, parts of vascular plants and seeds (e.g. Prunus, Sambucus, Ulmus, Podostemum). Some novel and less common documented food items include spiders, millipedes, small fish and fish eggs, isopods, and small turtles. The flattened musk turtle (S. depressus) is known to feed on introduced Asian clams (Corbicula maniliensis). The razor-backed (S. carinatus) and eastern musk turtles (S. odoratus) are known to be bottom feeders, often searching with the neck extended and probing the mud and sand with their heads. Olfaction is probably important in the location and selection of food items. However, musk turtles occasionally feed at the surface and are also known to eat out of the water. Eastern musk turtles (S. odoratus) have occasionally been observed leaving the water at dusk to feed on slugs on land. Some larger adults develop hypertrophied head musculature and expanded crushing surfaces on both the upper and lower jaws that aid in eating mollusk. One study concluded razor-backed (S. carinatus) and eastern musk turtles (S. odoratus) were "euryphagous with food preferences directly related to the availability of food." Another study found the diet of the eastern musk turtle (S. odoratus) varied seasonally and males ate more insects and females more snails. Digestive turnover rates, from ingestion to defecation, of 49 hours (S. odoratus) to 57 hours (S. minor, S. peltifer) have been reported, although temperatures may influence these times. Habitat:Sternotherus are largely aquatic, but some species bask frequently, and may occasionally leave the water to forage and lay eggs. Fallen logs and deadwood submerged and emerging from the water are important for shelter and basking sites for all species of Sternotherus. Habitat preferences varies among some species. The eastern musk turtle (S. odoratus) tends to be generalist and may occur in almost any body of water, as are loggerheads (S. minor) to a lesser extent, although water with slow or no currents, soft bottoms, and shelter in the form of logs and rocks are usually preferred over very deep water and swift currents. Eastern musk turtles have been found at depths of 9 meters but, shallower water (ca. 1 meter), are more typical. Brackish water is usually avoided. Depths of 0.5–1.5 meters are typical for loggerheads (S. minor), but they have been found at 13 meters. The razor-backed musk turtle (S. carinatus) favors the relatively deeper waters of rivers, creeks, bayous, and associated oxbow lakes, backwater swamps, and floodplains where slower currents and soft substrates are found. The stripe-necked musk turtle (S. peltifer) are lotic, preferring the currents of rivers and streams although they can be abundant in lakes and impoundments along these waterways as well. The flattened musk turtle (S. depressus) is an inhabitant of clear, rocky to sandy bottom creeks and streams above the fall line, typically 1.5 meters or less in depth, taking shelter under logs and rocks, or burring in the sand. The intermediate musk turtle (S. intermedius) was regarded as a hybrid between S m. minor and S. m. peltifer as recently as 2017, and few if any studies specifically examining the ecology of the species have been published (as of 2022). In one ecological study of kinosternid turtles conducted over five years in Oklahoma, permanent bodies of lotic (moving) water in wooded areas such as large rivers and creeks were the favored habitats of both razor-backed (S. carinatus) and eastern musk turtles (S. odoratus), however, S. carinatus was generally found in deeper water. No sexual, age, or seasonal differences were observed in habitat selection other than juveniles preferred shallower water than adults. The two species were strictly aquatic and terrestrial migrations occurred only during the breeding season. When inactive, both specie hid under rocks, logs, and overhanging banks, but did not show the burrowing proclivities that Kinosternon did. Turtles were found in abundance in quiet waters where submerged and floating vegetation such as algae, Nasturtium, Polygonum, Myriophyllum, Najas, and Potamogeton formed in mats and provided food and suitable shelter. Light intensity, pH levels, and transparency of water were examined, although it was concluded they were probably not directly limiting factors for the turtles, but did affect the distribution of vegetation and prey which provided food for the turtles.. Behavior: Sternotherus is a highly aquatic genus. But some species, like the common musk turtle, are known to bask on fallen trees and coarse woody debris on shorelines. The thermal activity range and annual activity period was longer for Sternothaerus than Kinosternon Gallery References Further reading Bell T (1821). In: Gray JE (1821). "A Synopsis of the Genera of Reptiles and Amphibia, with a Description of some new Species". Annals of Philosophy, New Series [Second Series] 10: 193-217. (Sternotherus, new genus, p. 211). Goin CJ, Goin OB, Zug GR (1978). Introduction to Herpetology, Third Edition. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company. xi + 378 pp. . (Genus Sternotherus, pp. 136, 263-264). Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. . (Genus Sternotherus, p.28). External links Walker, Matt (2010). "Turtle 'super tongue' lets reptile survive underwater". BBC Earth News. 20 May 2010. Taxa named by Thomas Bell (zoologist) Turtle genera

5395132

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime%20composer

Anime composer

An anime composer is a composer who mainly composes music for anime productions. There have been many anime composers over the years, and while anime soundtracks are big business in Japan, there have been few notable, long-term composers of anime music before the 2000s. Notable figures Joe Hisaishi, best known for his collaboration with Hayao Miyazaki beginning in the mid-1980s. Since most of Hisaishi's anime music has been for Miyazaki, his influence has been somewhat muted compared to later composers. Shigeaki Saegusa, composer for Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam in 1985, was a classical composer who produced a symphonic score for this series, which went on to be extremely popular (one of the foundation successes of the Gundam franchise). While Saegusa produced only a little more anime music, his Zeta Gundam soundtrack is still considered a classic among otaku. For many of them, Saegusa and Hisaishi were the first to inspire the idea that anime music could be of very high quality. Kenji Kawai was producing scores for series such as Blue Seed, Patlabor, and Ranma ½. While few of these scores were groundbreaking, they were almost all solid works of music. Kawai was arguably the first composer to produce a number of anime soundtracks and achieve at least a modicum of popularity within the otaku community while doing so. Yoko Kanno garnered some interest with her soundtracks for Escaflowne and Macross Plus during the 1990s, but it was her soundtrack for Cowboy Bebop in 1998 that made her extremely popular among anime fans. Hiroyuki Sawano known by his works in famous anime series like Attack on Titan or Aldnoah.Zero, his style is notable by having epic orchestra and vocal songs. He started composing in 2006 and still is composing in soundtracks or in his vocal project SawanoHiroyuki. Yuki Kajiura is a composer known by her works in anime series such as Sword Art Online, Fate/Zero, Fate/stay night: Heaven's Feel, Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba, and Kara no Kyōkai. She is also known for forming the vocal group Kalafina. Taku Iwasaki (the Rurouni Kenshin OVAs, Witch Hunter Robin, Read or Die TV, Soul Eater) and Yuki Kajiura (Noir, .hack//SIGN, Kara no Kyoukai) have both produced several well-respected soundtracks in the late 1990s and 2000s. Toshio Masuda (composer), has composed music for anime such as UFO Baby (2000) and Naruto, both of which are popular shows. Shinji Miyazaki is mainly known writing and arranging music for the anime Pokémon. Michiru Oshima composed the score for Fullmetal Alchemist. Music for the second series, Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood, was written by the notable composer Akira Senju. Shiro Sagisu is best known for his collaborations with Gainax. His career has spanned nearly three decades and he's composed for a variety of anime including Kimagure Orange Road, Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water, Neon Genesis Evangelion, and Bleach, as well as Attack on Titan (film) Yoshihisa Hirano is the acclaimed composer for Death Note'''', Hunter x Hunter (2011), Ouran High School Host Club, Hajime no Ippo, and Midori Days. Yutaka Yamada, another popular anime composer, known for the scores of Tokyo Ghoul, Vinland Saga, Great Pretender, and Babylon Satoru Kosaki is another popular composer mainly known writing and arranging music for the anime Lucky Star and The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya. Goro Omi is another popular composer mainly known writing and arranging science-fiction anime, which is his specialty due to his dark electronic music. He is also best known for the background music in both the Ginga: Nagareboshi Gin and Tonde Buurin TV shows. Motoyoshi Iwasaki's music style is also dark electronic music, although he is best known for his music from the Hamtaro TV show. Mark Mancina is more well known for composing background music outside of anime, as well as the music for the Blood+ TV show. Kohei Tanaka, a prolific anime and video game composer, is famous for being the music composer for One Piece and 21-emon. Takanori Arisawa, Udi Harpaz, and Amotz Plessner are other popular composers mainly known writing and arranging music for the anime Digimon. Toshihiko Sahashi is another popular composer mainly known writing and arranging music for the anime Steel Angel Kurumi. Kow Otani is the music composer for Shakugan no Shana, Blade of the Immortal, Outlaw Star and Deltora Quest. Shunsuke Kikuchi is the music composer for the Doraemon, Dr. Slump and Arale-chan, Dragon Ball and Dragon Ball Z anime. Shinkichi Mitsumune, because of his cinematic scoring and orchestration with big Hollywood sound, is the Yu-Gi-Oh! TV show's music composer. Kevin Penkin, an Australian-born composer known for his scores for Made in Abyss, Rising of the Shield Hero, Tower of God, Eden, and an episode of Star Wars: Visions. Tsutchie, composer for the new anime adaptation of Gangsta., also composed scores for Cowboy Bebop and Samurai Champloo. Kan Sawada is another popular composer mainly known writing and arranging music for the anime Doraemon. Miki Matsubara (1959-2004) was a singer and composer mostly known for her compositions for anime such as Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory

5395147

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ship%20launches%20in%201953

List of ship launches in 1953

The list of ship launches in 1953 includes a chronological list of ships launched in 1953. In cases where no official launching ceremony was held, the date built or completed may be used instead. References See also 1953 Ship launches Ship launches Ship launches

5395164

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Down%20Low

Beyond the Down Low

Beyond the Down Low: Sex, Lies and Denial in Black America is a 2005 nonfiction book by Keith Boykin. This book of essays analyzes the validity of the down low phenomenon, first publicized by J. L. King in his book On the Down Low. It covers multiple discussions about gay sexuality, the African-American community, homophobia, and the spread of HIV. Boykin distances himself from King's conclusions, accusing him of making a name for himself by spreading misinformation. He also stresses that not only African-American men who have sex with men are "on the down low". He names two Caucasians, Jim McGreevey and Ed Schrock, as examples of non-blacks technically "on the down low". He pinpoints how an article in The New York Times stating that a large number of black, gay men has been twisted to suggest that there are many men on the down low purposely infecting heterosexual, African-American women. Finally, he argues that only when more African-American men and women are openly gay in the media spotlight, this will diminish homophobia in black communities or disprove that homosexuality is a predominantly white (or at least non-black) phenomenon. See also On the Down Low: A Journey into the Lives of Straight Black Men Who Sleep with Men General: African-American culture and sexual orientation References 2005 non-fiction books LGBT African-American culture African-American literature Non-fiction books about same-sex sexuality LGBT literature in the United States 2000s LGBT literature

5395184

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianjin%20Olympic%20Center

Tianjin Olympic Center

The Tianjin Olympic Center (), often colloquially referred to as the Water Drop (), is a sports complex with a multi-use stadium in Tianjin, China. Construction started in August 2003 and was completed in August 2007. It is the home stadium of Tianjin TEDA. The stadium hosted games for the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup and Football preliminaries at the 2008 Summer Olympics. It also hosted the Athletics competitions at the 2017 National Games of China. It covers 78,000 square meters and has a capacity of 54,696 seats. It as a length of , a width of , and a height of 53 meters. The stadium is nicknamed "The Water Drop" because the outside of the venue was designed to resemble a drop of water. The stadium cost nearly 1.5 billion Yuan. The architects were AXS Satow. In 2011, the venue hosted a football match between Tianjin TEDA F.C. and the Spanish side Real Madrid. The stadium houses sports facilities, exhibition halls, conference rooms and gyms. It also has the capacity for entertainment and shopping complexes. American singer and recording artist Mariah Carey performed The Elusive Chanteuse Show in the stadium on 17 October 2014 and thus making her as the only international artist to have visited Tianjin. References Beijing2008.cn profile Football venues in Tianjin Athletics (track and field) venues in China 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup stadiums Venues of the 2008 Summer Olympics Olympic football venues Sports venues in Tianjin Tianjin Tianhai F.C. Sports venues completed in 2007

5395210

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagmar%20Hase

Dagmar Hase

Dagmar Hase (born 22 December 1969 in Quedlinburg, Saxony-Anhalt, East Germany) is a former German swimmer, specialised in the freestyle and backstroke. She won seven Olympic medals in her career, including a gold medal in the 400 m freestyle at the 1992 Summer Olympics. Her defeat of American swimmer Janet Evans in the 400 metre freestyle at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics was Evans's only loss in a 400 or 800 metre freestyle between 1986 and 1994. She also defeated the greatest backstroker ever, Hungary's Krisztina Egerszegi, in her strongest event the 200 metre backstroke at the 1989 European Aquatics Championships. This was Egerszegi's only defeat in a 200-metre backstroke from 1987 to her retirement in 1996, and her only defeat in any backstroke event from 1989 to 1994. Hase was a highly versatile swimmer, having won at least 1 Olympic and numerous other major event medals in each of the 200 freestyle, 400 freestyle, 800 freestyle, and 200 backstroke. See also List of German records in swimming References External links Official website 1969 births Living people East German female swimmers German female swimmers German female backstroke swimmers German female freestyle swimmers Olympic swimmers of Germany Swimmers at the 1992 Summer Olympics Swimmers at the 1996 Summer Olympics Olympic gold medalists for Germany Olympic silver medalists for Germany Olympic bronze medalists for Germany Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics People from Quedlinburg Olympic bronze medalists in swimming World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming Medalists at the FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming Olympic gold medalists in swimming Olympic silver medalists in swimming Sportspeople from Saxony-Anhalt

5395213

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lochaber%20High%20School

Lochaber High School

Lochaber High School is a six-year comprehensive secondary school located in the town of Fort William, Lochaber, in the Highland region of Scotland. The current Head Teacher is Scott Steele. Associated primary schools There are eleven primary schools in the area: Banavie, Caol, Invergarry, Inverlochy, St Columba, Spean Bridge. Fort William primary and Upper Achintore primary were merged in August 2015 and, along with Fort William RC, form Lundavra Primary. A new Gaelic school was opened at Caol. The High School operates a Transition week in the middle of June. NB Arisaig, Lady Lovat and Mallaig primaries are all situated in the Mallaig and Morar area and pupils attend Mallaig High School. Duror, St Brides (Onich/North Ballachulish) and Kinlochleven primaries attend Kinlochleven High School. Kilchoan, Acharacle, Strontian, Lochaline, and Ardgour primaries attend Ardnamurchan High School in Strontian. History Lochaber High School was founded in 1960. It also served the fishing communities near Mallaig prior to the opening of its high school. As the only high school in the area, it is affiliated with primary schools and takes in pupils from villages and settlements around Fort William. Lochaber High is owned and operated by The Highland Council. In September 2001 pupils appeared as extras in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets for scenes on a train (GWR 4900 Class 5972 Olton Hall with six coaches from The Jacobite on the Glenfinnan Viaduct). In May and June 2003 90 pupils were extras in the film Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, the third Harry Potter film, but any fees paid to them on a school day went into Lochaber High School's account. This was around £2,500 in total. Filming took place in Glencoe. Notable alumni Danny Alexander - Lib Dem MP 2005-2015 for Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey and former Chief Secretary to the Treasury and Secretary of State for Scotland Tom Ballard, mountaineer, first solo winter ascent of the six major alpine north faces in a single season Kate Bracken - actress, guest appearances in Inspector George Gently, New Tricks and playing female lead, Alex, in BBC3's Being Human John Finnie, Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Highlands and Islands region Barry Hutchison - Award-winning author and screenwriter Gary Innes - Musician and shinty player Charles Kennedy - Lib Dem MP 2005-2015 for Ross, Skye and Lochaber, from 1997-2005 for Ross, Skye and Inverness West, and from 1983-97 for Ross, Cromarty and Skye (SDP from 1983-8), and Leader of the Liberal Democrats from 1999 to 2006 Carol Kirkwood, BBC weather presenter John McGinlay, footballer Hugh Dan MacLennan - broadcaster, author and sporting academic Jason MacIntyre – racing cyclist Fiona O'Donnell - former Labour MP for East Lothian Donald Park - football coach and former player Justin Ryan, TV presenter and interior designer Duncan Shearer, footballer Finlay Wild, hill runner and ski mountaineer Katie Dougan, rugby player References External links Lochaber High School Lochaber High School's page on Scottish Schools Online Secondary schools in Highland (council area) Fort William, Highland Scottish Gaelic-language secondary schools 1960 establishments in Scotland Educational institutions established in 1960

5395215

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan%20Waters

Morgan Waters

Morgan Waters (born August 25, 1981) is a Canadian actor, comedian and musician. Waters was first seen on the CBC's children's program The X, which was canceled in 2003. Born in Victoria, British Columbia, Waters moved to Toronto, Ontario to host The Morgan Waters Show, which aired on CBC Television in 2006. Waters competed in the 2000 Much VJ search but lost to Bradford Howe. He later worked for the Muchmusic show Screwed Over in October 2006. He created and appeared on the show Cock'd Gunns, which aired in 2007–2008 on the IFC. He has been writing, directing and starring in the comedy web series The Amazing Gayl Pile since it premiered on JASH in 2014. It is now on NBC's digital channel Seeso. Waters formerly played bass guitar for the Toronto-based Sweet Thing. He now plays in Toronto-based band Weaves, formed in 2013. References External links 1981 births Canadian male television actors Canadian male web series actors 21st-century Canadian male actors Canadian sketch comedians Living people Male actors from Victoria, British Columbia Musicians from Victoria, British Columbia Canadian indie rock musicians 21st-century Canadian bass guitarists

5395218

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotylorhiza%20tuberculata

Cotylorhiza tuberculata

Cotylorhiza tuberculata is a species of jellyfish, of the phylum Cnidaria, also known as the Mediterranean jellyfish, Mediterranean jelly or fried egg jellyfish. It is commonly found in the Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, and Adriatic Sea. Description It can reach in diameter, but is usually less than wide. It seems that this jellyfish's sting has very little or no effect on humans. However it can cause allergies to more sensitive people, these allergies usually involve itching and scratching in the stung area. The cnidarian's smooth, elevated central dome is surrounded by a gutter-like ring. Its marginal lappets are elongated and subrectangular. Each moutharm bifurcates near its base and branches several times. In addition to some larger appendages, there are many short, club-shaped ones that bear disk-like ends. Development C. tuberculata are the most common jellyfish of their entire order in the Mediterranean Sea. They experience an annual life cycle marked by summer population blooms, which is likely an adaptive result of the strong seasonal changes in their Mediterranean environment. Their phases of development are quite similar to that of their other jellyfish counterparts. C. tuberculatas four main stages of growth include the swimming larvae known as planulae, younger, sessile polyps called scyphistomae, the undeveloped young adult intermediates known as ephyrae, and the adult jellyfish forms, called medusas. In a given year, planulae are present from August to November, scyphistomae are present perennially, ephyrae can be seen from May to August, and medusa are prominent from July to November. Planulae use their small cilia to propel them through the water, eventually settling on a hard sediment on which they develop into their polyp form. The scyphistomae acquire their photosynthetic algae symbionts during their preliminary development phase, though the mechanism for this is still unclear. These microorganisms live primarily in the mesoglea and lining of the cnidarian's gastrovascular system, bolstering oxygen production, and remain with the jellyfish for the rest of their lifespans. The polyps also undergo asexual reproduction to create more polyps; parts of each polyp will eventually metamorphose into ephyrae, which range between 1.7 and 4.2 mm in diameter. Young medusa take 8–10 weeks to reach an initial diameter of 3 cm, and then will grow by approximately 3–4 cm per week until reaching their final adult size. Gradually, the medusa develop with an average final diameter of approximately 35 cm. Sexual reproduction between adult medusa typically occurs between August and October. Female C. tuberculata are internally fertilized with sperm from the moutharm appendages of their male counterparts, and after a gestation period, eventually release large numbers of planulae into the water. With age, the adult C. tuberculata become increasingly damaged, mainly in the central dome of their top umbrella area. While the leading cause of medusa damage is wave-driven and wind-driven abrasion, the next most prominent modes of injury are anthropogenic. Motor boats and fishing nets are prominent causes of injury for these cnidarians, often leading to severe damage. This harm is a mild setback for jellyfish that have not yet finished growing, and when they are able to regenerate the injured anatomy, it often grows back asymmetrically. Older fried egg jellyfish are distinguished by their physical deterioration; their mesoglea are often delicate with a visibly broken exumbrella, and their coloration fades significantly. Relationships with microorganisms Symbiosis The endosymbiotic, photosynthetic algae which C. tuberculata hosts in its body are paramount to the jellyfish's prosperity. These mutualistic microorganisms are also known as zooxanthellae, originating from the dinoflagellate phylum, and they commonly engage in symbiotic relationships with many types of jellyfish. While the cnidarian hosts provide shelter for these symbionts, the dinoflagellates in return use their photosynthetic abilities to provide the C. tuberculata with energy for usage and storage. Fatty acids, for example, are the primary macromolecules for energy storage in cnidarians, and mainly are obtained from their carbon-fixing symbionts. This mutualistic relationship is so crucial to the Mediterranean jellyfish's growth and survival that the preliminary step of premature medusa formation will not initiate without the presence of zooxanthellae. Feeding C. tuberculata primarily consume minuscule aquatic organisms, often a mixture of phytoplankton and zooplankton. They do not demonstrate a very high feeding diversity on the taxonomic level; it has been recorded that anywhere between 69% and 82% of their diet consists of organisms associated with the genus Spiroplasma. These prokaryotes have also been found in the diets of several other jellyfish species. Furthermore, the C. tuberculatas diet likely consists of only three to four main taxa of microplankton. The jellyfish takes in these tiny organisms through its moutharms, from where they travel to its stomach. The interconnectedness of the Mediterranean jelly and its surrounding waters allows for an easy flow of plankton into its gastric cavity. Effects on humans One of the main issues created by annual blooms of C. tuberculata is an interference with human recreational and financial activities. The usual water-related activities of tourism, in addition to more commercial activities such as fishing, are often disrupted due to the sheer number of jellyfish in the waters. This often results in the removal of thousands of Mediterranean jellies from the waters by coastal officials in the summers by fishing boats or large nets. Another possibility raised by the prevalence of jellyfish, however, is their usefulness to humankind. C. tuberculata have been studied due to their specified cytotoxicity in regards to certain breast cancer cells, which is made possible due to the organism's efficient intercellular gap junction communication. While further studies have been proposed to further research jellies' cytotoxicity in targeting breast cancer, there still is not much investigation on the topic. Since a main objective in cancer research is to create treatments that selectively kill malignant cells while leaving healthy ones intact, Cotylhoriza tuberculata may become a model organism for the treatment of those human ailments. Footnotes References (2006): "Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri, 1778)". Retrieved June 7, 2006. External links Video of C. tuberculata, a jellyfish bloom in the Gulf of Corinth, Greece during summer 2012 Cepheidae Fauna of the Mediterranean Sea Cnidarians of the Atlantic Ocean Animals described in 1778

5395220

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courts%20Service

Courts Service

The Courts Service is the national council of the judiciary of Ireland. It is a statutory corporation which provides administration and support services to the Courts of the Republic of Ireland. It was established in 1999 by the Courts Service Act 1998. Its head office is at Phoenix House, Smithfield, Dublin. Functions The Courts Service Act 1998 assigns the Courts Service the following functions: managing the courts, providing support services for the judges, providing information on the courts system to the public, providing, managing and maintaining court buildings, and providing facilities for users of the courts. The Court Service has no function in relation to the actual administration of justice. Judges themselves are directly employed by the state and not by the Courts Service. Corporate structure The day-to-day management of the Courts Service is conducted by its Chief Executive who is appointed by the Board of the Courts Service. The Board of the Courts Service is made up of the following: the presidents of the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, the High Court, the Circuit Court and the District Court (or judges of those courts nominated by their presidents), members of each of these five courts elected by their ordinary members, the Chief Executive of the Courts service and a representative of its staff elected by them, a practicing barrister and a practicing solicitor nominated by the Chairman of the Bar Council and the President of the Law Society of Ireland respectively, a civil servant from the Department of Justice nominated by the Minister for Justice, a person nominated by the Irish Congress of Trade Unions, a person nominated by the Minister to represent the consumers of court services, and a person nominated by the Minister for relevant knowledge and experience in commerce, finance or administration. See also Law of the Republic of Ireland References External links Courts Service Website Government agencies of the Republic of Ireland National councils of the judiciary Judiciary of the Republic of Ireland

5395228

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ship%20commissionings%20in%201954

List of ship commissionings in 1954

The list of ship commissionings in 1954 includes a chronological list of all ships commissioned in 1954. See also 1954 Ship commissionings

5395231

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Sloboda

John Sloboda

John Anthony Sloboda OBE FBA (born 13 June 1950) is Research Professor at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama where he currently leads research on the Social Impact of Making Music. He is also one of the founders of the Iraq Body Count project. Biography Sloboda was educated at St Benedict's School, Ealing. He studied at Queens' College, Cambridge and University College, London, where he took his PhD. His academic work has mainly been in music psychology, a subdiscipline which draws together psychologists, neuroscientists and academic musicians. His research interests have focused on the psychological aspects of the study of music performance, the emotional response to music, the functions of music in everyday life, learning and skill acquisition in music, and audience-performer relations in the live concert. He was Professor of Psychology at Keele University until 2008, where he now has emeritus status. He is a former Executive Director of the Oxford Research Group, an NGO that seeks to develop non-violent approaches to national and international security issues, from 2005-2009. Until 2020 he was co-director of Every Casualty Worldwide, which works towards ensuring that all lives lost to armed conflict, anywhere in the world, are properly recorded. In 2004 he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy to dual membership of both the Psychology and History of Music sections. In 2017 he became founding president of simm-platform.eu an international scholarly body for the study of the Social Impact of Making Music, and is editor of the book series Classic European Music Science Monographs. From 1975 to 1995 he was the founding director of the Keele Bach Choir, a "town and gown" choir based on the Keele University campus. He is also patron of Spode Music Week, an annual residential music school that places particular emphasis on the music of the Roman Catholic liturgy. He currently collaborates with the singer Rafael Montero, founder of the early music group El Parnaso Hyspano. Books Acquisition of Symbolic Skills (Proceedings of a NATO Human Factors Programme Conference, Keele, July 1982). New York: Plenum Press, 1983. pp 623. (ed. with Don Rogers) The Musical Mind: The Cognitive Psychology of Music. Oxford University Press, 1985. pp 291. Cognitive Processes in Mathematics. (selected and edited papers from the first International Keele Cognition Seminar, March 1985.) Oxford University Press, 1987. (ed. with Don Rogers) Generative Processes in Music: The Psychology of Composition, Performance, and Improvisation. London: Oxford University Press, 1988. (ed.) Cognition and Social Worlds. (selected and edited papers from the second International Keele Cognition Seminar, March 1987) London: Oxford University Press, 1989. (ed. with Angus Gellatly and Don Rogers) Musical Perceptions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. pp 290 (with Rita Aiello) The Origins and Development of Musical Competence. London: Oxford University Press/ Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1995. (ed. with Irène Deliège) Perception and Cognition of Music. Psychologists Press, 1997. (ed. with Irène Deliège) Music and Emotion: Theory and Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. pp 487. (ed. with Patrik N. Juslin) Exploring the Musical Mind: Cognition, Emotion, Ability, Function. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Beyond Terror: The Truth About the Real Threats to Our World. London: Rider. (with Chris Abbott and Paul Rogers) Psychology for Practicing Musicians: Understanding and Acquiring the Skills. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. (with Andreas C. Lehmann and Robert W. Woody) Handbook of Music and Emotion: Theory, Research, Applications. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. pp. 975. (ed. with Patrik N. Juslin) References 1950 births Living people British psychologists Academics of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama Music psychologists Fellows of the British Academy Academics of Keele University Officers of the Order of the British Empire People educated at St Benedict's School Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge Alumni of University College London British people of Polish descent

5395235

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotylorhiza

Cotylorhiza

Cotylorhiza is a genus of true jellyfish from the family Cepheidae. The genus is found in the central-east Atlantic, Mediterranean, and western Indian Ocean. Description The genus Cotylorhiza falls under the family Cepheidae, which includes jellyfish. Species in this genus include Cotylorhiza abulacrata, Cotylorhiza erythraea, and Cotylorhiza tuberculata, which is the most common species in the genus, as well as in the order Rhizostomeae. Characterized by eight short oral arms, this genus is pelagic and generally tinted white or yellow and include a sun shade at the top to protect arms and cnidoblasts. First discovered in the Sea of Marmara in the 1700s, the Cotylorhiza genus had major impacts on species in surrounding areas as it invaded the area. Species reside in pelagic environments in southern European seas, where they impact ecological balances of ecosystem due to resource competitions and rapid reproduction patterns. Cotylorhiza are among the most abundant jellyfish in the Mediterranean sea, though they are not native to this area. Lifestyle Feeding Organisms consume zooxanthellae and zooplankton through their eight moutharms, which transport consumed organisms to the stomach. Juvenile individuals in the Cotylorhiza genus were found to have higher feeding rates than other jellyfish of the Cepheidae family, such as Rhizostoma pulmo. Reproduction and Life Cycle Species begin as polyps attached to a substrate, and eventually grow into a medusa stage. The medusa are pelagic, swimming organisms in the jellyfish form. In the medusa stage, sperm and egg cells release into the water and fertilize to form polyps on benthic substrates. Jellyfish tend to be more abundant in spring seasons, as the temperature and resource concentrations are ideal for an increase in reproduction during this time. Relationships Cnidarian abundance in the Northwest Mediterranean Sea can have major impacts on fish populations, as they pose a major predatory threat to juvenile fish. The size and number of fish in this area was found to be directly correlated to the size and abundance of C. tuberculata. Possible Human Impact Jellyfish populations in the Mediterranean Sea, including those in the genus Cotylorhiza, may have hazardous effects on people in the area. Species in this area are becoming progressively more venomous as more invasive predators enter the waters they inhabit, therefore hospitalizations and serious injury has increased in children swimming in these areas. Stings by Cotylorhiza tuberculata cause the following effects: pain in 100% of patients stung, a whip-like rash in 87.8% of patients, a small percentage of patients are hospitalized annually for fevers, chills, muscle spasms, and serious burns. Blooms of jellyfish may also impact economic stability in surrounding communities, due to overfishing which alters trophic processes. As jellyfish overpopulate ecosystems, they may wipe out large numbers of fish in their habitat. Blooms occur because of changes in temperature and phytoplankton abundance in the ecosystem. References Cepheidae Scyphozoan genera

5395247

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cepheidae%20%28jellyfish%29

Cepheidae (jellyfish)

Cepheidae is a family of jellyfish. References External links Kolpophorae Cnidarian families

5395252

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Morgan%20Waters%20Show

The Morgan Waters Show

The Morgan Waters Show is a six-minute sketch comedy show starring Morgan Waters, which ran as part of CBC Television's afternoon youth programming lineup in 2006. The series consists of short sketches in which Waters plays various characters, or appears as himself in various street pranks. Guests appearing on the show include Canadian Idol hosts Ben Mulroney and Jon Dore, Rick Mercer, the cast of Degrassi: The Next Generation, Ashlee Simpson, Simple Plan, OK GO, Alexz Johnson, Ed the Sock, and Tyler Kyte among others. The series won a Gemini Award for Best Children's or Youth Fiction Program or Series at the 21st Gemini Awards in 2006. References External links 2006 Canadian television series debuts 2006 Canadian television series endings CBC Television original programming 2000s Canadian sketch comedy television series

5395257

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason%20wasp

Mason wasp

Mason wasp is a common name that can refer to several different types of wasps: Potter wasp, of the subfamily Eumeninae in the family Vespidae Pison spinolae, in the family Sphecidae Animal common name disambiguation pages

5395272

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%27s%20Tale

Fisher's Tale

Fisher's Tale were a Christian (Christadelphian) folk rock band, based in the West Midlands, United Kingdom. They released five studio albums. Name The band's name is captured in the title of the debut album: "Why didn't you tell me... the fisher's tale?". The "fisher" referred to the fisherman Peter, telling a tale of what happened in the early first century CE. The original band had an a cappella song called "The fisher's tale" which only existed as a demo version. History The group started in the early 1990s when a Music and Drama workshop was started in Ware (Hertfordshire UK), under the direction of Mark Gates. The workshop was intended to bring together young people's talents with the aim of expressing aspects of the Christian message in different art forms. After some time the workshop organisers decided that a fixed membership music group would have a greater opportunity to write and present music than a variable workshop attendance, some attendees having other commitments (Richard Gates, Becky Chambers, Adrian Burr). From 1993 the group performed as 'Not yet band' until the name Fisher's Tale was chosen during a tea break at rehearsals in Barnet. Andrew De Witt and Tim Stephens, from the earlier band Six of One, were involved from the outset, contributing to the folk-rock influence of the music. De Witt played in the early live performances and was a significant source of songwriting talent, with his contributions appearing on several albums. Original line-up The original members of the band were: Andrew Delin: Acoustic & electric guitar, bass, vocals Coren Miles: Keyboard, bassoon, vocals David Fenton: Vocals Debby Fenton: Saxophone Richard Downton: Percussion Sarah Downton: Bass guitar, vocals Tim Stephens: Drums From the outset the band had a strong performance ethic, combining musical performance with audio-visual presentation and dramatic reading. Part of the original philosophy for Fisher's Tale was to operate as a music project (The Fisher's Tale Music Project, "FTMP"), allowing for changing membership and ongoing output through the life of the project (1996-2010). Why Didn't You Tell Me? The original group recorded the debut album, Why Didn't You Tell Me? which was released in 1996. The album was digitally mastered but produced to cassette only. Rumours of a digital release of the original album have not been confirmed. Following the release of the first album, Delin and Miles, two founding members, left the band. Richard Downton moved to acoustic rhythm guitar and vocals. Written in Rock In 2000, original drummer Tim Stephens left the group and Richard Downton moved to drums in addition to guitar and vocals. Adrian Burr, from the original Ware music workshop, re-joined as lead guitarist, bringing more of a rock style to the band's sound. The band recorded Written in Rock in 1999. Following the album, Pete Howarth joined as rhythm guitarist. Following Written in Rock, Richard & Sarah Downton left the group. David Fenton and Adrian Burr recruited Darren Cordial on drums, and Abbie Downer to share lead vocals with Nathanael Stock on rhythm guitar. The new talent allowed the group to progress in new directions. In 2001, Fisher's Tale became a six-piece with Peter Gaston on keyboard. Boundless In 2003, Fisher's Tale recorded their 3rd album, Boundless, with guest musician Anna Ryder on cello. Later that year Simeon Kay joined as bass guitarist, and founding member David Fenton resigned. Different Horizon In 2005, the band changed musical direction with the release of its 4th album, Different Horizon. United Song After a sabbatical in 2006, Fisher's Tale resumed playing to live audiences around the UK. An open-air concert in May 2009 introduced new songs to the set. The 5th album, United Song, was launched on 5 June 2010 at a concert in Knowle, England, with the band playing songs from previous albums, alongside all 12 songs from the new project. Following the release of United Song in 2010, Simeon and Jo Kay resigned, and Peter and Julia Gaston emigrated to Australia. Representation Fisher's Tale maintains independent control of its content. Albums and tracks can be downloaded from iTunes and CDs are available through its website (http://fisherstale.co.uk/). Discography 1996: Why Didn't You Tell Me? 1999: Written in Rock 2003: Boundless 2005: Different Horizon 2010: United Song References External links Listen to tracks from 2003 album Boundless Cross Rhythms listing of 2005 album Different Horizon Christadelphianism British Christian musical groups Performers of contemporary Christian music Musical groups established in the 1990s

5395288

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Education%2C%20Health%20and%20Allied%20Workers%27%20Union

National Education, Health and Allied Workers' Union

The National Education, Health and Allied Workers' Union (NEHAWU) is a trade union in South Africa. With a membership of 235,000 it is the largest public sector union in the country. It organizes State, Health, Education and Welfare workers. History The union was founded in 1987, when the Health and Allied Workers' Union merged with the General and Allied Workers' Union and the South African Allied Workers' Union. The NEHAWU is affiliated with the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU), and Public Services International and the Trade Union International Public Service and Allied employees. Leadership General Secretaries 1987: Yure Mdyogolo 1988: Phillip Dexter 1994: Neil Thobejane 1998: Fikile Majola 2013: Bereng Soke 2017: Zola Saphetha Presidents 1987: Bheki Mkhize 1990: Vusi Nhlapo 2004: Noluthando Mayende-Sibiya 2010: Mzwandile Makwayiba 2022: Mike Shingange References Notes Sources External links NEHAWU official site. Organisations based in Johannesburg Congress of South African Trade Unions Public Services International Healthcare trade unions in South Africa Education trade unions World Federation of Trade Unions Trade unions established in 1987 Trade unions in South Africa

5395310

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris%20%28Game%20Boy%20video%20game%29

Tetris (Game Boy video game)

is a puzzle video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy in 1989. It is a portable version of Alexey Pajitnov's original Tetris and it was bundled with the North American and European releases of the Game Boy itself. It is the first game to have been compatible with the Game Link Cable, a pack-in accessory that allows two Game Boy consoles to link for multiplayer purposes. A colorized remaster of the game was released on the Game Boy Color titled . A Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console version of Tetris was released in December 2011, lacking multiplayer functionality. Gameplay The Game Boy version of Tetris plays identically to versions on other platforms. A pseudorandom sequence of tetromino shapes, composed of four square blocks each, fall down the playing field, which is 10 blocks wide by 18 blocks high. The object of the game is to manipulate the tetrominoes by moving each one sideways and rotating it by 90-degree units with the aim of creating a horizontal line of blocks without gaps. When one or more such lines are created, they disappear, and the blocks above (if any) move down by the number of lines cleared. As in most standard versions of Tetris, blocks do not automatically fall into open gaps when lines are cleared. As the game progresses, the tetrominoes fall faster. The game ends when at least part of a tetromino extends beyond the top of the playfield when setting in place. The player can normally see which block will appear next in a window off to the side of the playing field, but this feature can be toggled during the game. Points are awarded based on the current level and number of lines cleared. The level increases each time the player clears ten lines, as does the speed of falling tetrominoes. The player may adjust the difficulty before beginning a game by selecting a starting level or choosing to pre-fill the play area with a given number of lines of randomly placed blocks. After completing a particular height, the player is treated to a cutscene of a rocket of various types being launched, eventually capping off with Russians dancing and the Buran shuttle being launched. This version of Tetris includes a two-player mode, in which each player's objective is to remain in play for longer than his or her opponent. Each player plays with a separate Game Boy and Tetris Game Pak, with the two consoles connected via the Game Link Cable. When a player scores a Double, Triple, or Tetris, incomplete rows of blocks are added to the bottom of the opponent's stack, causing it to rise. Development Tetris was first created in 1984 by Alexey Pajitnov. In 1988, Pajitnov teamed with fellow Soviet Academy of Sciences researchers Dmitry Pavlovsky, and Vadim Gerasimov to create a new two-player version of Tetris that ran on PCs. The game was soon licensed by Andromeda Software executive Robert Stein, who sublicensed the game to multiple publishers in different territories. In 1988, Henk Rogers of Bullet-Proof Software noticed the US home computer version at the Las Vegas Consumer Electronics Show in a Spectrum HoloByte booth. Finding himself hooked to the game, he pursued the rights to publish Tetris in Japan, and secured licenses from both Spectrum HoloByte, who held the North American computer license, and Atari Games, which had produced the American arcade version under a sublicense from Mirrorsoft, which had the rights for the European computer market. Knowing Nintendo was planning to release the Game Boy, Rogers approached Nintendo of America president Minoru Arakawa to suggest Tetris as the perfect bundled launch game. Arakawa questioned the idea, having planned to bundle Super Mario Land, but Rogers countered by stating that though a Mario game would promote the Game Boy to young boys, Tetris would promote it to everyone. Rogers was told to pursue the rights; he approached Stein to seek rights for it to be distributed with the Game Boy. However, after several months passed, Stein had not signed to contract for the rights for the Game Boy, and Rogers learned that another person had approached Nintendo with the idea of a Game Boy Tetris. Requesting more time from Arakawa, he traveled to Moscow to speak with the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations's bureau for computer hardware and software export, called Elektronorgtechnica or ELORG, and Pajitnov. During this time, Nintendo approached Spectrum HoloByte on the prospect of a Game Boy Tetris, causing Mirrorsoft to send a representative, Kevin Maxwell, to Moscow to secure rights for the Game Boy version. Meanwhile, Rogers negotiated for the rights for Tetris on the Game Boy, noting in a later interview that the government officials did not understand the concept of intellectual property, and were looking for greater payment than Rogers or Nintendo could afford. However, it was revealed that the Tetris property had not actually been licensed to anyone because Stein had secured the rights from Pajitnov directly and not from the Russian authority. Russia sent a fax to Maxwell in England with 48 hours to respond, but due to being in Russia at the time Maxwell did not receive the fax, and the handheld rights were given to Rogers. Rogers licensed the handheld rights to Nintendo. During this time Rogers discovered that the home console rights were actually not properly licensed, and in March 1989, Arakawa, and Nintendo vice president Howard Lincoln, working with Rogers, secured exclusive rights for console distribution of Tetris. However, Tetriss production was delayed due to an ongoing legal battle with Atari Games over their home publishing subsidiary Tengen's version of Tetris for the NES and the game was released in Japan two months after the Game Boy's release there. Bullet-Proof Software is mentioned as a copyright holder and the sub-licensor of the Tetris handheld rights to Nintendo on the game's startup screen. Music The main soundtrack for Tetris was created by Nintendo's accomplished composer Hirokazu Tanaka. The player can select one of three types of background music during the game or play with sound effects only. Two of the songs are arrangements of works from other composers: "Type A" is based on the Russian folk song "Korobeiniki" (also known as "Korobushka"), and "Type C" is an arranged version of "French Suite No. 3 in B minor, BWV 814: Menuet" (transposed to F# minor) by Johann Sebastian Bach. In an early version that was only released in Japan with an estimated 25,000 copies sold, the "Type A" song is "Minuet". The compositions "Type A" and "Type B" can be unlocked in the Super Smash Bros. series. The victory fanfares played after completing levels are different arrangements of "Trepak", from Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet The Nutcracker. Re-release Tetris DX Tetris DX is a Game Boy Color game that is backward compatible with the original Game Boy. It was developed by Nintendo and released in Japan on October 21, 1998, in North America on November 18, 1998, and in Europe and Australia in 1999. Tetris DX features battery-saved high scores and three player profiles. It has a new single-player mode against the CPU and also features two new modes of play. In "Ultra Mode", players must accumulate as many points as possible within a three-minute time period. In "40 Lines", players are timed on how quickly they can clear 40 lines of play. New music themes were added. Virtual Console The Game Boy version of Tetris was released in North America and Europe as a Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console game on December 22, 2011 and on December 28 in Japan. In contrast to the original version, it is not possible to play multiplayer in the Virtual Console version. The Virtual Console version of Tetris was delisted in Europe from the Nintendo eShop after December 31, 2014 and in North America. Reception Tetris has been credited as the Game Boy's killer app. It topped the Japanese sales charts during AugustSeptember 1989 and from December 1989 to January 1990. It also topped the US sales charts during AugustSeptember 1989 and then December 1989. Nintendo sold copies by early 1990, as its top seller. About copies had been sold in the United States by 1992. By 1997, units had been sold worldwide, including bundles. As of June 2009, more than copies had been sold worldwide. Official Nintendo Magazine ranked Tetris fifth on its list of the "100 Best Nintendo Games". Game Informers Ben Reeves called it the best Game Boy game and a "legendary puzzle game". In 2019, PC Magazine included the game on their "The 10 Best Game Boy Games" commenting: "Tetris serves up addictive and challenging gameplay on the go for all ages". In August 2008, Nintendo Power listed Tetris DX as the best Game Boy/Game Boy Color video game, stating that it meant more to handheld gaming than any other video game. They also described it as the best version of Tetris until Tetris DS was released. Alexey Pajitnov called the Game Boy version of Tetris his favorite and very close to his original version. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of 26 out of 40. References External links 1989 video games 1998 video games Game Boy Color games Game Boy games Nintendo games Pack-in video games Tetris Video games developed in Japan Virtual Console games Multiplayer and single-player video games Video games scored by Hirokazu Tanaka Virtual Console games for Nintendo 3DS

5395337

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizrachnyj%20Svet

Prizrachnyj Svet

Призрачный Свет (Prizrachnyj Svet - Eerie Light) is the third EP by the Russian power metal band Catharsis. It was released on April 20, 2004 by Irond. Track listing "Кто ты? (Kto ty?)" – 4:26 - Who Are You? "Помни меня (Pomni menya)" – 4:30 - Remember Me "Призрачный свет (Prizrachnyj svet)" – 4:08 - Eerie Light "Сердце Мира - Stillife Remix (Serdtse mira)" – 4:30 - Heart of the World "Dancing in the Fire - Necromancer Remix" – 4:38 "Eerie Light" – 4:06 Members Oleg Zhilyakov - Vocals, Back Vocals Igor 'Jeff' Polyakov - Rhythm Guitar, Acoustic Guitar Julia Red - Keyboards Oleg Mission - Lead guitar, Acoustic Guitar, Flute, Keyboards Andrey Ischenko - Drums Alexander Timonin - Bass Olga Dzusova - Back Vocals Catharsis (Russian band) albums 2004 EPs

5395357

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline%20Alley%20%28disambiguation%29

Gasoline Alley (disambiguation)

Gasoline Alley is a comic strip by Frank King, first published in 1918 Gasoline Alley may also refer to: Places Canada Gasoline Alley, Alberta, a business park in Red Deer County, Alberta, Canada Gasoline Alley, Alberta (hamlet), a hamlet in Red Deer County, Alberta, Canada Gasoline Alley Museum, an antique car and memorabilia museum located within Heritage Park Historical Village in Calgary, Alberta United States Gasoline Alley (Indianapolis Motor Speedway), the garage area at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Arts, entertainment, and media Gasoline Alley (1951 film), an American comedy film Corky of Gasoline Alley, its sequel released the same year Gasoline Alley (2022 film), an American action thriller film Gasoline Alley (album), a 1970 album by Rod Stewart, or the title track Gasoline Alley (radio), a 193149 radio series based on the eponymous comic strip See also The Talk of Gasoline Alley

5395361

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial%20officer

Judicial officer

A judicial officer is a person with the responsibilities and powers to facilitate, arbitrate, preside over, and make decisions and directions in regard to the application of the law. Judicial officers are typically categorized as judges, magistrates, puisne judicial officers such as justices of the peace or officers of courts of limited jurisdiction; and notaries public and commissioners of oaths. The powers of judicial officers vary and are usually limited to a certain jurisdiction. Judicial officials are also known as persons entitled to the enforcement of enforcement documents, the establishment of factual circumstances, the transfer of documents and any other functions provided for by law. In most countries, they are appointed and dismissed by the Minister of Justice. Their activities are strictly regulated by law and controlled by the state. Kuwait In Kuwait, Judicial Officers are sworn law enforcement agents with the capacity to enforce the law within their speciality, an example would be The Environment Public Authority's environmental Judicial Officers, which function, effectively, as an Environmental judicial police force that enforces the country's environmental law. Sri Lanka In Sri Lanka, Judicial officers refer to District judges and Magistrates. They are appointed by the Judicial Service Commission. United States In the United States a judicial officer is a political appointee to the judicial branch of the United States who is commissioned by the President of the United States. Examples include judges, magistrates, foreclosure referees and arbitrators. A complete list of judicial officers is published after every election, along with every other officer of the United States, in the United States Government Policy and Supporting Positions, or more commonly called the Plum Book. References Legal professions

5395376

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergin

Ergin

Ergin is a Turkish name, and can be used as both a given name and surname. Notable people with the name include: Given name Ergin Ataman (born 1966), Turkish basketball coach Ergin Keleş (born 1987), Turkish footballer Surname Ayşegül Ergin, Turkish female Taekwondo practitioner Ertuğ Ergin, Turkish alternative pop-rock singer-songwriter Kazım Ergin (1915–2002), Turkish geophysicist Sadullah Ergin (born 1964), Turkish politician Tarik Ergin (born 1961), Turkish-American actor Yusuf Ergin (born 1984), Turkish athlete Turkish-language surnames Turkish masculine given names

5395381

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20O%27Neal%20%28sportscaster%29

Patrick O'Neal (sportscaster)

Patrick O'Neal (born September 14, 1967) is an American actor and sports broadcaster who has been serving as a studio host/reporter for Bally Sports West/SoCal. He is also the secondary TV play-by-play announcer for the Los Angeles Angels whenever Matt Vasgersian is not available for telecasts. Broadcast career Most of his appearances come during pregame and postgame shows of the Los Angeles Angels and Los Angeles Kings. He also provides game breaks for Fox College Football. He was a studio host for Fox College Football for FX and in game highlights for Fox NFL Sunday. On August 21 and August 28 of 2005, he was the studio host of Fox Saturday Baseball when regular host Jeanne Zelasko was on maternity leave, and he was a sideline reporter for two NFL on Fox games during the 2005 NFL Season. He was also the dugout reporter for Games 3 and 5 of the 2005 National League Championship Series and Game 5 of the 2005 American League Championship Series. For one season he was the ingame highlights host for Fox NFL Sunday before being succeeded by Joel Klatt. Since 2021, O’Neal has been the secondary TV play-by-play commentator with the Los Angeles Angels alongside Mark Gubicza whenever Matt Vasgersian is not available. Whenever Vasgersian is broadcasting for the Angels, O’Neal would work as the sideline reporter during the Angels telecast or studio host for the team’s pre-game/post-game show. Family He is the son of actor Ryan O'Neal and actress Leigh Taylor-Young. He is the half-brother of Griffin O'Neal, Tatum O'Neal and Redmond O'Neal. His paternal ancestry is Irish, English, and Ashkenazi Jewish. Personal life He has two daughters from his relationship with actress Rebecca De Mornay. Sophia was born November 16, 1997 and Veronica was born March 31, 2001. He and De Mornay separated in 2002. Filmography China Beach (1989) - C.O. Daughter of the Streets (1990, TV movie) - Alex Die Hard 2 (1990) - Cpl. Telford (Blue Light Team) Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990) - George Sudaris Pensacola: Wings of Gold (1998) - Hondo A Table for One (1999) - Brad Just for the Time Being (2000) - Billy Fischer Pacific Blue (2000) - Thomas J. Craiden Lost in the Pershing Point Hotel (2000) - Angry Bartender The Right Temptation (2000) - Carl Wild Hogs (2007) - Family Dad References External links Patrick O'Neal at Twitter 1967 births American male film actors American people of English descent American people of Irish descent American people of Jewish descent American television reporters and correspondents College basketball announcers in the United States College football announcers Living people Los Angeles Clippers announcers Los Angeles Dodgers announcers Los Angeles Lakers announcers Major League Baseball broadcasters National Basketball Association broadcasters National Football League announcers People from Greater Los Angeles

5395384

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar%E1%B8%ABunta%C5%A1%C5%A1a

Tarḫuntašša

''Tarḫuntašša ( dIM-ta-aš-ša "City of Tarhunt"; Hieroglyphic Luwian: (DEUS)TONITRUS-hu-ta-sá) was a Hittite Bronze Age city in south-central Anatolia mentioned in Hittite documents. Its location is unknown. In 2019, a previously little-researched site at Türkmen-Karahöyük, near Çumra on the Konya Plain, was investigated and put forward as the site of Tarḫuntassa by Michele Massa, James Osborne and Christoph Bachhuber. Previously proposed locations include Konya, Sirkeli Höyük in Cilicia, the Göksu valley, the vicinity of Kayseri, Kilise Tepe (near Mut, formerly known as Maltepe), and Kızıldağ (north of Karaman). New Hittite capital In the early 13th century BC, Muwatalli II moved the Hittite capital from Hattusa to Tarhuntassa. The reasons for this move remain unclear. Official records postdating Muwatalli II's death state that he moved the capital as the result of an omen. Generally, archaeologists explain the move as a military strategy, in order to be closer to the Syrian region in preparation for battle with Ramses II at Kadesh. However, Itamar Singer has proposed instead that Muwatalli II moved the capital as part of a religious reform, attempting to elevate his personal god, pihassassi, the Storm-God of Lightning to a more powerful position in Hittite religious observance. A third explanation is that at this point in time, Tarhuntassa was more centrally located within the network of overland and sea routes connecting the Hittite empire and beyond, making it an ideal capital for managing trade and communication throughout the territory. Muwatalli II's son Mursili III later moved the capital back to Hattusa. After Hattusili III deposed Mursili, the new king appointed Muwatalli's son Kurunta as king in Tarhuntassa. The treaty which survives mostly refers to the appointed king as "Ulmi-Tessup", and so some scholars believe that Ulmi-Tessup and Kurunta are two different rulers of Tarhuntassa. Kurunta of Tarhuntassa Tudhaliya IV re-ratified Kurunta as king in a treaty inscribed in bronze. At this time, Kurunta was leading his forces to war with Parha. This treaty, unlike previous treaties involving Tarhuntassa, calls to witness the Hittites' vassal kings of Mira and the Seha River Land on the Aegean coast. This implies that Tarhuntassa's stature was now a matter of importance for all western Anatolia. Kurunta later claimed the title of Great King for himself. Whether or not this claim extended to the whole domain of Hatti, the court in Hattusa contested it (and buried the treaty). Fall of the Hittite Empire Toward the end of the Hittite empire, Suppiluliuma II recorded in a Hieroglyphic Luwian inscription that Hatti had attacked and sacked the city of Tarhuntassa. Other Hieroglyphic Luwian inscriptions from the late 13th century BC also mention a certain great king Hartapu, son of the great king Mursili (III), who likely ruled Tarhuntassa. It may be possible that Suppiluliuma II's campaign was directed against Hartapu. Türkmen-Karahöyük Though occupied beginning in the Late Chalcolithic period hhis site was most heavily occupied in the Late Bronze Age (c. 1300-1100 BC) and Middle Iron Age (c. 900-600 BC). At those times it reached an extent of over 120 hectares making it largest site in west and central Anatolia. During a 2019 regional archaeological survey, called the Konya Regional Archaeological Survey Project, Oriental Institute of Chicago archaeologists unearthed a monumental Luwian Hieroglyphs inscription in an irrigation ditch. Investigation showed that the stone had originally been at the top of the mound but had been moved during illegal excavations. The inscription detailed a ruler named Harapu's victory over Phrygia. Because an already known inscription referred to a Hartapu son of Mursili which some suggested was Mursili III a known king of Tarḫuntašša some researchers speculated Türkmen-Karahöyük was Tarḫuntašša. The excavators determined that the inscription dated to the 8th century BC, much too recent to be related to Tarḫuntašša and continue to stand by that view though not precluding the site being Tarḫuntašša in Middle Bronze times. At the site of Kızıldağ, about 13 kilometers to the south-southeast, there is another inscription of Hartapu on an outcrop. References Sources O. R. Gurney (1993), "The Treaty with Ulmi-Tešub", Anatolian Studies 43''':13-28. Hittite cities Luwians Former populated places in Turkey Late Bronze Age collapse Lost cities and towns

5395420

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Turnesa

Joe Turnesa

Joseph R. Turnesa (January 31, 1901 – July 15, 1991) was one of seven famous golfing brothers; Phil (1896–1987), Frank (1898–1949), Joe (1901–1991), Mike (1907–2000), Doug (1909–1972), Jim (1912–1971), and Willie (1914–2001). All but Willie turned professional and Joe won the most times (14) on the PGA Tour. The family was referred to as a "golf dynasty" in a 2000 New York Times article. Turnesa finished second to Bobby Jones in the 1926 U.S. Open and second to Walter Hagen in the 1927 PGA Championship. He was a member of the U.S. Ryder Cup teams in 1927 and 1929. He was born in New York, New York and died in Florida. Professional wins PGA Tour wins (14) 1924 (1) Augusta Open 1925 (2) Texas Open, Pennsylvania Open Championship 1926 (2) Metropolitan PGA, Sacramento Open 1927 (3) Shreveport Open, Ridgewood Country Club Open, Sacramento Open 1930 (2) Metropolitan PGA, Massachusetts Open 1931 (1) Miami Open 1932 (2) Metropolitan PGA, Grassy Spain Course Tournament 1933 (1) Mid-South Open (tie with Willie Macfarlane and Paul Runyan) Other wins (8) Note: This list may be incomplete. 1929 Yorkshire Evening News Tournament, Lannin Memorial Tournament 1931 Florida Open (tie with Wiffy Cox) 1934 Long Island Open 1935 Connecticut PGA Championship 1936 Connecticut PGA Championship 1938 Long Island Open 1940 Long Island Open Results in major championships NYF = tournament not yet founded NT = no tournament WD = withdrew CUT = missed the half-way cut R64, R32, R16, QF, SF = round in which player lost in PGA Championship match play "T" indicates a tie for a place Summary Most consecutive cuts made – 8 (1923 U.S. Open – 1928 U.S. Open) Longest streak of top-10s – 2 (1927 PGA – 1928 U.S. Open) See also List of golfers with most PGA Tour wins References American male golfers PGA Tour golfers Ryder Cup competitors for the United States Golfers from New York (state) Sportspeople from New York City 1901 births 1991 deaths

5395427

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaru%20Sambar

Subaru Sambar

The Subaru Sambar is a cabover truck and microvan manufactured and marketed by Subaru as Japan's first truck compliant with the country's strict Keitora (軽トラ) or Kei vehicle tax class. Introduced in 1961 in microvan and Kei pickup configurations, the Sambar remains in production, now in its eighth generation — beginning with the sixth generation as a rebadged Daihatsu Hijet. Since its introduction, the Sambar has used a rear engine, rear wheel drive layout with body-on-frame rather than unibody construction. The first two generations used the air-cooled engine from the Subaru 360 and later generations used the water-cooled engine from the Subaru Rex, Vivio and the Pleo. Four-wheel drive became optional in 1980. Sambar models were manufactured in China as the [三八] as well as in Finland in a joint venture with Elcat Automotive. Passenger variants of the Sambar were later marketed as the Subaru Dias Wagon. With the Sambar, Subaru borrowed from the Type 2 (1951-1967) van — using a marketing name very similar to the Volkswagen's upper trim level, the Samba, and using a similar rear-drive, rear air-cooled engine, passenger-cab-over-front-axle (cabover), configuration. The Sambar was the first Kei truck using a cabover design — and was the last Kei-compliant vehicle using a rear-engine, rear-drive layout. First generation (1961–1966) Introduced at the 1960 Tokyo Motor Show in passenger and commercial versions, the Sambar featured 4-wheel independent suspension, a rear engine, rear drive layout — and a one-box body configuration based on the Subaru 360 platform and inspired by the 1957 Fiat 600 Multipla. The chassis uses a ladder frame construction, with a rear torsion bar trailing arm suspension. The reverse gearshift position was a left-pattern selection, instead of a right-pattern selection, and the EK series engine could be accessed via a hatch inside the vehicle. Maximum power from the two-stroke twin was . As with the Subaru 360, front doors were rear-hinged. Rear doors were front-hinged, with a rear cargo hatch. Provisional camping bunk beds were available. Commercial variants of the Sambar was marketed for delivery use, nicknamed the "kuchibiru ([lower] lip)" Sambar, inspired by a competior, the 1960-1960 Kurogane Baby. Other competiros included the front-engined Suzulight Carry which placed the engine in front of the driver but also adopted the cabover approach in 1966, and the 1964 Daihatsu Hijet cabover. The Subaru cabover configuration followed the 1950 Volkswagen Type 2, and was introduced the same year as the 1961 Ford Econoline, and the 1961 Chevrolet Greenbrier. Second generation (1966–1973) The redesigned Sambar debuted in January 1966 with revised styling and a truck variant. The second generation is nicknamed the "baban" Sambar. The Sambar continued to use the 356 cc EK31 engine, but now in the iteration used in the Subaru 360 since July 1964. A raised roof for extended headroom was added to the options list in 1968. Starting with the 1970 model year, the engine was accessed from outside the vehicle, and the front doors were conventionally hinged. To enhance safety a full padded dash pad was introduced, sharing the dashboard panel from the new R–2. Along with the facelift, the engine was also updated (EK33) and now produced . The styling was also revised, adding a faux front grille to create a more modern appearance as well as bringing the corporate look of the all new compact Subaru Leone. The Sambar saw new competitors, the Mazda Porter in 1968, and the Honda Vamos in 1970. Third generation (1973–1982) The third generation appeared 10 February 1973, this one nicknamed the "Gōriki (Herculean strength)" Sambar due to an advertising campaign at the time. The first series still carried a two-stroke two-cylinder 356 cc engine but by now water-cooled. Maximum power is at 5500 rpm. The engine code was EK34, the truck received the K71 model code while the van was called K81. As of February 1976, the engine was upgraded to the EK21 four-stroke water-cooled version introduced in the Rex to reduce emissions. Claimed maximum power remained the same, but at a much higher engine speed (7500 rpm) and with considerably lower torque figures than the earlier two-stroke type. This model saw the introduction of an electric window washer pump to improve driver visibility. Because of regulations changes, only three months later the engine was again upgraded with a 490 cc displacement (EK22) engine of a similar layout for the Sambar 5 (K75 truck, K76 panel van, K85 van). This was naturally sold as the Subaru 500 in export markets. This was in turn soon replaced by a full 550 cc (EK23) model, the K77/87 of March 1977. In export, the Sambar 550 was known as the Subaru 600. This model saw the introduction of a sliding side door added on both sides (although a version without the driver's side door remained available), with a full "B" pillar to enhance body stiffness instead of the approach used by the Nissan Prairie which had the front and rear doors interlock. Minor horsepower improvements were introduced in 1977 along with an increase in the width of the vehicle. A sunroof was added to the options list in 1979. 4WD was introduced as an option in 1980, on both the van and truck bodystyles, coinciding with the same feature being offered on the Subaru Rex. Fourth generation (1982–1990) May 9, 1982 is when the fourth generation model appeared (KR), with one-box van models marketed as "Sambar Try." The Try was available as a Van with a high or a regular roof, and as a high-roofed passenger model (model code KR). The suspension was upgraded to a four-wheel independent layout with MacPherson struts for the front wheels. The wheel size increased from 10 inches to 12 inches, thereby accommodating larger drum brakes used at all four wheels. The 4WD was available with a dual-range transmission. An automatic clutch was offered in the Sambar Try FL and FX. While the home market Sambar came equipped with the 544 cc, 2-cylinder EK23 engine, export versions (known as Subaru 700) received an enlarged 665 cc version of the same, producing . LHD versions were available. In May 1986 retracting seat belts became standard fitment and the TG version of the Sambar Try replaced the earlier TX-G. January 9, 1987 saw the commercial one-box versions renamed Sambar Van, while the high roofed passenger version retained the Sambar Try name. Front disc brakes were added to the options list. Full-time 4WD was available towards the end of this generations product cycle. In April 1989, a six-valve engine producing joined the regular engine in high-end versions of the Try and the Sambar truck. The EN05 four-cylinder engine later used in the Rex was never fitted to the KR/KT Sambar, as it would require re-engineering to be a replacement platform. The enlarged Domingo was available with the 3-cylinder EF10 1000 cc engine starting in 1983. This bigger version of the Sambar was available in Europe from 1983 and went by several names, such as the Subaru Sumo, Libero, Domingo, and Columbuss. The small-bodied version went by the name of Subaru 700 in the few markets where it was available. The primary difference between the Sambar and the larger-engined variants is the extension of both the front and rear bumpers to aid in occupant protection. The larger Domingo (and its various iterations) isn't considered "kei class" because the dimensions exceed the requirements and the engine displacement is larger than regulations allow. Fifth generation (1990–1999) The fifth generation Sambar was introduced in 1990. Engine regulations for displacement size were increased and the Sambar's engine was upgraded to 660 cc. For the 4WD version it sold as Subaru Dias Wagon as a permanent trim model. Commercials in Japan used Kuniko Yamada, a Japanese comedian. The tradition of using the engine in Subaru's kei car offering was continued, with the Subaru Vivio sharing its EN07 engine with this version of the Sambar. The engine now had four cylinders and in the carburetted standard model; was on tap in the optional supercharged model, coupled with fuel injection. An automatic transmission was offered in the form of Subaru's ECVT system in tandem with full-time 4WD and a viscous coupling differential. 1994 saw a full model change for the Domingo, using the new Sambar design coupled to the Subaru Justy's EF12 SOHC three-cylinder engine displacing 1200 cc. A maximum seating capacity of seven was possible. October 1995 saw the elimination of the ECVT transmission due to drivability issues and a 3-speed automatic was made available instead. A new option for naturally aspirated versions was the EMPi engine, producing . Special edition appearance packages were offered including a retro "Dias Classic", later available on the Sambar truck, influenced by the Subaru Vivio Bistro. A Sambar Dias Classic appears in Love Hina as Seta's van. Sixth generation (1999-2012) The sixth generation was available for purchase May 2, 1999, and in 1998 kei class vehicle size regulations allowed for an increase in body size. The 4WD Dias is now only offered with a 3-speed automatic transmission, with the supercharger optioned engine power output increased to . Carburetors are no longer used on the current version of the Subaru EN engine for the entire product line, and the EF engine is no longer manufactured. To address safety concerns with side impact resistance, on 1 October 1998 the width restriction for kei vehicles was increased to and the sixth generation Sambar was widened accordingly. July 18, 2008, items that were included were dual front passenger airbags, power sliding rear doors, power windows, and leather interior on upper trim level models. Seventh generation (2009-2014) On June 26 2007 an article appeared in the Japanese newspaper Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, claiming that due to the investment by Toyota in Fuji Heavy Industries, the parent company of Subaru, all production of kei class vehicles made by Subaru would end and be replaced by Toyota-owned Daihatsu models rebadged as Subarus. This would allow Subaru to focus on their core business of four-wheel-drive family cars with horizontally opposed engines; kei car sales are almost entirely limited to the domestic Japanese market and were not cost effective for such a small manufacturer. In September 2009, the passenger version of the Sambar introduced as the Subaru Dias Wagon, a rebadged version of the Daihatsu Atrai van. The seventh generation of the Sambar truck was later introduced to Japan on April 2, 2012 as a badge engineered Daihatsu Hijet Van/Truck, but the passenger variant (Dias Wagon) had already been produced since 2009. This is the first time the Sambar is a semi-cabover vehicle, the engine was installed in the front of the vehicle, between the front passengers, and driven by the rear wheels, and continuing to offer on demand four-wheel-drive. In 2014, the Sambar truck was discontinued and updated to S500 Hijet generation, while the Sambar van/Dias Wagon stayed on the S321 platform. Eighth generation (2014-present) The eighth-generation Sambar Truck was introduced in Japan on September 2, 2014 as a rebadged tenth-generation Daihatsu Hijet Truck. The eighth-generation Sambar Van was introduced in Japan in January 2022 as a rebadged eleventh-generation Daihatsu Hijet Cargo, which is built on the DNGA platform. The Dias Wagon passenger van was renamed to Sambar Dias. Gallery References External links Samber Truck｜SUBARU(Japanese) Samber Van｜SUBARU(Japanese) All Subaru Sambar models since 1961 (German language) Subaru Sambar Discussion Forum SUBARU-SAMBAR (Subaru Official Site in Japanese) Subaru Sambar Van Specifications from Kei Cars Canada Subaru Sambar Mini Truck Features subaru Mini trucks Maintenance and custom from japan Sambar Microvans Pickup trucks Cab over vehicles Kei trucks Vehicles with CVT transmission All-wheel-drive vehicles Rear-engined vehicles Rear-wheel-drive vehicles Vehicles introduced in 1961

5395439

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave%20survey

Cave survey

A cave survey is a map of all or part of a cave system, which may be produced to meet differing standards of accuracy depending on the cave conditions and equipment available underground. Cave surveying and cartography, i.e. the creation of an accurate, detailed map, is one of the most common technical activities undertaken within a cave and is a fundamental part of speleology. Surveys can be used to compare caves to each other by length, depth and volume, may reveal clues on speleogenesis, provide a spatial reference for other areas of scientific study and assist visitors with route-finding. Traditionally, cave surveys are produced in two-dimensional form due to the confines of print, but given the three-dimensional environment inside a cave, modern techniques using computer aided design are increasingly used to allow a more realistic representation of a cave system. History The first known plan of a cave dates from 1546, and was of a man-made cavern in tufa called the Stufe di Nerone (Nero's Oven) in Pozzuoli near Naples in Italy. The first natural cave to be mapped was the Baumannshöhle in Germany, of which a sketch from 1656 survives. Another early survey dates from before 1680, and was made by John Aubrey of Long Hole in the Cheddar Gorge. It consists of an elevational section of the cave. Numerous other surveys of caves were made in the following years, though most are sketches and are limited in accuracy. The first cave that is likely to have been accurately surveyed with instruments is the Grotte de Miremont in France. This was surveyed by a civil engineer in 1765 and includes numerous cross-sections. Édouard-Alfred Martel was the first person to describe surveying techniques. His surveys were made by having an assistant walk down the passage until they were almost out of sight. Martel would then take a compass bearing to the assistant's light, and measure the distance by pacing up to the assistant. This would equate to a modern-day BCRA Grade 2 survey. The first cave to have its centreline calculated by a computer is the Fergus River Cave in Ireland, which was plotted by members of the UBSS in 1964. The software was programmed onto a large university mainframe computer and a paper plot was produced. Methodology There are many variations to surveying methodology, but most are based on a similar set of steps which haven't changed fundamentally in 250 years, although the instruments (compass and tape) have become smaller and more accurate. Since the late 1990s, digital instruments such as distometers have started to change the process, leading to the advent of fully paperless surveying around 2007. The main variation on the normal methodology detailed below have been devices such as LIDAR and SONAR surveyors that produce a point cloud rather than a series of linked stations. Video-based surveying also exists in prototype form. Surveying A survey team begins at a fixed point (such as the cave entrance) and measures a series of consecutive line-of-sight measurements between stations. The stations are temporary fixed locations chosen chiefly for their ease of access and clear sight along the cave passage. In some cases, survey stations may be permanently marked to create a fixed reference point to which to return at a later date. The measurements taken between the stations include: direction (azimuth or bearing) taken with a compass inclination from horizontal (dip) taken with a clinometer distance measured with a low-stretch tape or laser rangefinder optionally, distance to surrounding walls – left, right, up, down (LRUD) Coincident with recording straight-line data, details of passage dimensions, shape, gradual or sudden changes in elevation, the presence or absence of still or flowing water, the location of notable features and the material on the floor are recorded, often by means of a sketch map. Drawing a line-plot Later, the cartographer analyzes the recorded data, converting them into two-dimensional measurements by way of geometrical calculations. From them he/she creates a line-plot; a scaled geometrical representation of the path through the cave. Finalising The cartographer then draws details around the line-plot, using the additional data of passage dimensions, water flow and floor/wall topography recorded at the time, to produce a completed cave survey. Cave surveys drawn on paper are often presented in two-dimensional plan and/or profile views, while computer surveys may simulate three dimensions. Although primarily designed to be functional, some cavers consider cave surveys as an art form. Hydrolevelling Hydrolevelling is an alternative to measuring depth with clinometer and tape that has a long history of use in Russia. The technique is regularly used in building construction for finding two points with the same height, as in levelling a floor. In the simplest case, a tube with both ends open is used, attached to a strip of wood, and the tube is filled with water and the depth at each end marked. In Russia, measuring the depth of caves by hydrolevelling began in the 1970s, and was considered to be the most accurate means of measuring depth despite the difficulties in using the cumbersome equipment of the time. Interest in the method has been revived following the discovery of Voronja on the Arabica Massif in the Caucasus – currently the world's second deepest cave. The hydrolevel device used in recent Voronja expeditions comprises a transparent tube filled with water, which is coiled or placed on a reel. A rubber glove which acts as a reservoir is placed on one end of the tube, and a metal box with a transparent window is placed on the other. A diver's digital wristwatch with a depth gauge function is submerged in the box. If the rubber glove is placed on one station and the box with the depth gauge is placed on a lower one, then the hydrostatic pressure between the two points depends only on the difference in heights and the density of the water, i.e. the route of the tube does not affect the pressure in the box. Reading the depth gauge gives the apparent depth change between the higher and lower station. Depth changes are 'apparent' because depth gauges are calibrated for sea water, and the hydrolevel is filled with fresh water. Therefore, a coefficient must be determined to convert apparent depth changes to true depth changes. Adding the readings for consecutive pairs of stations gives the total depth of the cave. Accuracy The accuracy, or grade, of a cave survey is dependent on the methodology of measurement. A common survey grading system is that created by the British Cave Research Association in the 1960s, which uses a scale of six grades. BCRA grading system BCRA gradings for a cave line survey Grade 1 Sketch of low accuracy where no measurements have been made Grade 2 (use only if necessary, see note 7) May be used, if necessary, to describe a sketch that is intermediate in accuracy between Grade 1 & 3 Grade 3 A rough magnetic survey. Horizontal & vertical angles measured to ±2.5 °; distances measured to ±50 cm; station position error less than 50 cm. Grade 4 (use only if necessary, see note 7) May be used, if necessary, to describe a survey that fails to attain all the requirements of Grade 5 but is more accurate than a Grade 3 survey. Grade 5 A Magnetic survey. Horizontal and vertical angles measured to ±1 °; distances should be observed and recorded to the nearest centimetre and station positions identified to less than 10 cm. Grade 6 A magnetic survey that is more accurate than grade 5, (see note 5). Grade X A survey that is based primarily on the use of a theodolite or total station instead of a compass, (see notes 6 and 10 below). Notes The above table is a summary, omitting some technical details and definitions; the definitions of the survey grades given above must be read in conjunction with these notes. In all cases it is necessary to follow the spirit of the definition and not just the letter. To attain Grade 3 it is necessary to use a clinometer in passages having appreciable slope. To attain Grade 5 it is essential for instruments to be properly calibrated, and all measurements must be taken from a point within a 10 cm diameter sphere centred on the survey station. A Grade 6 survey requires the compass to be used at the limit of possible accuracy, i.e. accurate to ±0.5 °; clinometer readings must be to the same accuracy. Station position error must be less than ±2.5 cm, which will require the use of tripods at all stations or other fixed station markers ('roofhooks'). A Grade X survey must include on the drawing notes descriptions of the instruments and techniques used, together with an estimate of the probable accuracy of the survey compared with Grade 3, 5 or 6 surveys. Grades 2 and 4 are for use only when, at some stage of the survey, physical conditions have prevented the survey from attaining all the requirements for the next higher grade and it is not practical to re-survey. Caving organisations, etc., are encouraged to reproduce Table 1 and Table 2 in their own publications; permission is not required from BCRA to do so, but the tables must not be reprinted without these notes. Grade X is only potentially more accurate than Grade 6. It should never be forgotten that the theodolite/Total Station is a complex precision instrument that requires considerable training and regular practice if serious errors are not to be made through its use! In drawing up, the survey co-ordinates must be calculated and not hand-drawn with scale rule and protractor to obtain Grade 5. BCRA gradings for recording cave passage detail Class A All passage details based on memory. Class B Passage details estimated and recorded in the cave. Class C Measurements of detail made at survey stations only. Class D Measurements of detail made at survey stations and wherever else needed to show significant changes in passage dimensions. Notes The accuracy of the detail should be similar to the accuracy of the line. Normally only one of the following combinations of survey grades should be used: 1A 3B or 3C 5C or 5D 6D XA, XB, XC or XD Survey error detection The equipment used to undertake a cave survey continues to improve. The use of computers, inertia systems, and electronic distance finders has been proposed, but few practical underground applications have evolved at present. Despite these advances, faulty instruments, imprecise measurements, recording errors or other factors may still result in an inaccurate survey, and these errors are often difficult to detect. Some cave surveyors measure each station twice, recording a back-sight to the previous station in the opposite direction. A back-sight compass reading that is different by 180 degrees and a clinometer reading that is the same value but with the reverse direction (positive rather than negative, for example) indicates that the original measurement was accurate. When a loop within a cave is surveyed back to its starting point, the resulting line-plot should also form a closed loop. Any gap between the first and last stations is called a loop-closure error. If no single error is apparent, one may assume the loop-closure error is due to cumulative inaccuracies, and cave survey software can 'close the loop' by averaging possible errors throughout the loop stations. Loops to test survey accuracy may also be made by surveying across the surface between multiple entrances to the same cave. The use of a low-frequency cave radio can also verify survey accuracy. A receiving unit on the surface can pinpoint the depth and location of a transmitter in a cave passage by measurement of the geometry of its radio waves. A survey over the surface from the receiver back to the cave entrance forms an artificial loop with the underground survey, whose loop-closure error can then be determined. In the past, cavers were reluctant to redraw complex cave maps after detecting survey errors. Today, computer cartography can automatically redraw cave maps after data has been corrected. Surveying software There are a large number of surveying packages available on various computer platforms, most of which have been developed by cavers with a basis in computer programming. Many of the packages perform particularly well for specific tasks, and as such many cave surveyors will not solely choose one product over another for all cartographic tasks. A popular program for producing a centerline survey is Survex, which was originally developed by members of the Cambridge University Caving Club for processing survey data from club expeditions to Austria. It was released to the public in 1992. The centerline data can then be exported in various formats and the cave detail drawn in with various other programmes such as AutoCAD, Adobe Illustrator and Inkscape. Other programmes such as 'Tunnel' and Therion have full centerline and map editing capabilities. Therion notably, when it closes survey loops, warps the passages to fit over their length, meaning that entire passages do not have to be redrawn. Unlike Therion's 2D warping capabilities, CaveWhere warps passages in 3D. This includes warping plan and profile sketches. CaveWhere also supports loop closure (using Survex) and provides a user friendly interface for entering and visualizing cave survey data. Terrestrial LiDAR units are increasing significantly in accuracy and decreasing in price. Several Caves have been "scanned" using both "time of flight" and "phase shift" LiDAR units. The differences are in the relative accuracies available to each. The Oregon Caves National Park, was LiDAR scanned in August 2011, as were the Paisley Caves Archaeological dig site in SE Oregon. Both were scanned with a FARO Focus Phase shift scanner with +/-2mm accuracy. The Oregon Caves were scanned from the main public entrance to the 110 exit and were loop surveyed to the point of beginning. The data is not yet available for public use, but copies are retained by both the US Park Service and i-TEN Associates in Portland, Oregon. Automated methods In recent years an underground geographic positioning technology called HORTA has been utilized in the mining industry. The technology utilizes a gyroscope and an accelerometer to aid in 3D-position determination. Such automated methods have provided a more than fifty-fold increase in underground surveying productivity with more accurate and finer detail maps as well. See also Caving List of longest caves References External links Laser Scanning History: Paisley Caves Compass Points, the official journal of the BCRA Cave Surveying Group CaveMaps.org Surveys, A collection of Surveys of British Caves Surveying Map types

5395446

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngeal%20branch%20of%20vagus%20nerve

Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve

The pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve, the principal motor nerve of the pharynx, arises from the upper part of the ganglion nodosum, and consists principally of filaments from the cranial portion of the accessory nerve. It passes across the internal carotid artery to the upper border of the Constrictor pharyngis medius, where it divides into numerous filaments, which join with branches from the glossopharyngeal, sympathetic, and external laryngeal to form the pharyngeal plexus. From the plexus, branches are distributed to the muscles and mucous membrane of the pharynx (except the stylopharyngeus, which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)) and the muscles of the soft palate, except the Tensor veli palatini, which is supplied by the nerve to tensor veli palatini, a branch of the nerve to medial pterygoid (which itself is a branch of the mandibular nerve - CNV/3). A minute filament descends and joins the hypoglossal nerve as it winds around the occipital artery. See also Pharyngeal nerve References External links () Vagus nerve Human throat Nerves of the head and neck

5395452

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngeal%20branch

Pharyngeal branch

Pharyngeal branch can refer to any one of several different structures near the pharynx: Nerves Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve - "ramus pharyngeus nervi vagi" Pharyngeal branches of recurrent laryngeal nerve - "rami pharyngei nervi laryngei recurrentis" Pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal nerve - "rami pharyngei nervi glossopharyngei" Pharyngeal nerve of pterygopalatine ganglion Arteries Pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal artery - "rami pharyngeales arteriae pharyngeae ascendentis" Pharyngeal branch of artery of pterygoid canal - "ramus pharyngeus arteriae canalis pterygoidei" Pharyngeal branch of maxillary artery Pharyngeal branches of inferior thyroid artery - "rami pharyngeales arteriae thyroideae inferioris"

5395456

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariko%20Takahashi%27s%20Fitness%20Video%20for%20Being%20Appraised%20as%20an%20%22Ex-fat%20Girl%22

Mariko Takahashi's Fitness Video for Being Appraised as an "Ex-fat Girl"

Mariko Takahashi's Fitness Video for Being Appraised as an "Ex-fat Girl" (often referred to as Doggy Fitness or Poodle Fitness) is a short film by renowned art director and commercial film director Nagi Noda who created spots for Nike and Coca-Cola and starring Mariko Takahashi, a California born model. The film was created for Panasonic's Ten Short Movies – Capture the Motion series for the 2004 Summer Olympics. The film is a word-for-word parody of Susan Powter's first workout video. Also, exercising with her in the video are six actors dressed in dog costumes, with actual live dogs' heads superimposed over their real heads. Nagi Noda, in her artist's statement, explained that she arrived at the poodle concept after noticing that the dogs' hair cuts resembled muscles. She believed that this concept would help her video appeal to people of all ages. The video circulated throughout the Internet since it was posted on the Panasonic website along with the other nine short films in 2004. Possibly contributing to its popularity, Noda never explains in the video why people in the video are wearing dog costumes, leaving viewers to speculate. References 2004 films

5395463

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel%C3%A9n%2C%20Catamarca

Belén, Catamarca

Belén is a small town in the province of Catamarca, Argentina. It has about 12,000 inhabitants according to the , and it is the head town of the department of the same name. Belén is the birthplace of Luis Franco. References Departamento Belén - Provincia de Catamarca — Official website. Populated places in Catamarca Province

5395471

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drift%20House%3A%20The%20First%20Voyage

Drift House: The First Voyage

Drift House: The First Voyage is a 2005 children's novel written by Dale Peck. This was Peck's first children's book; he is best known as a polemicist reviewer, and adult novelist. In 2007 and 2008, Chicago Public Schools placed the novel on their recommended reading list for School Grades 6–8. Influences Dale Peck wrote the book after a friend living in Cape Cod described a dream he had had about his house floating out to sea. He cites The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis as a strong influence on the book. Plot After the 9/11 attack on New York City, the three Oakenfeld children, Susan, Charles, and Murray, are sent to live with their Uncle Farley in Canada. Farley has recently bought a strange ship-like home named Drift House on The Bay of Eternity. The home resembles a bizarre old-time ship, washed ashore. The children immediately find the home very odd. When they question their uncle about the strange house, he becomes nervous and distracted. The children later explore the house, where they meet a talkative parrot named President Wilson. One morning, they wake to discover the house has been raised up by a flood, carried out of the bay, and has drifted into the Sea of Time – a place where past, present, and future converge. Susan, Charles and Murray, along with Uncle Farley and President Wilson embark on an adventure where they discover evil mermaids, comical pirates, a wise whale, predictions of things to come, and a secret plot that could stop time itself. Main Characters Susan Oakenfeld- Susan Oakenfeld is the eldest child in the family being twelve-years-old and in the eighth grade. She aspires to become a lawyer like her father, and is in her school's debating club. She is portrayed as a straight-A student with a perfectionist streak. She regularly watches the BBC World News and has a strong attachment to England, where she was born. In The First Voyage, the mermaids team with Susan to rescue their sister, and later to lock The Great Drain. Throughout the book she develops a strong friendship with a young mermaid, Diaphone, who later sacrifices herself to save Susan. Although Susan fights with her younger brother Charles frequently, she cares for both him and Murray dearly. Susan is described as having short, dark hair and being very tall and thin. She has a habit of sticking her tongue in her cheek, especially when thinking. Charles Oakenfeld- Charles is the middle child, a fact that he detests. Smart and scientifically minded for his age, he even takes special classes. He is also very shy and quiet though, and likes to think things through. Charles constantly argues with his older sister, Susan, mainly about her "affected" way of speaking. He has a keen interest in antiquated technology, such as old radios and televisions. He wears glasses, has brown hair, and is small for his age. Murray Oakenfeld- At age five, Murray is the youngest of the three Oakenfeld children. He starts out as innocent and fun-loving, but after he gets angry at Susan and hides in the dumbwaiter he comes out acting and speaking like an adult. He wears a mysterious golden locket, and has an alter ego named Mario – who is him, only five years older. Reception Sarah Sawtelle of Kidsreads found the book a "well-crafted adventure series that is sure to be another children's classic". Releases and sequel The book was first released in the United States and the United Kingdom in a hardcopy edition on September 17, 2005, by Bloomsbury Publishing (). It was subsequently released as a paperback version by Scholastic Books on October 31, 2006 (). A sequel titled The Lost Cities: A Drift House Voyage was released in 2007. References External links Bloomsbury Publishing's Drift House page 2005 American novels 2005 fantasy novels Children's fantasy novels American fantasy novels

5395474

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hower

Hower

Hower is a surname. Notable people with the name include: Ralph M. Hower (1903–1973), American historian Jim Hower (1931–2008), Australian rules footballer Nancy Hower (born 1966), American actress, director, screenwriter and producer See also Hower-Slote House, located at Lewis Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania Hauer, surname

5395490

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wik-Ngatharr%20dialect

Wik-Ngatharr dialect

Wik-Ngatharr, or Wik-Alken (Wik-Elken), is a Paman language spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Wik-Ngatharr people. It is a co-dialect with Wik-Ngathan, and more distantly related to the other Wik languages. In 1981 there were 86 speakers. References Wik languages

5395493

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20films%20made%20with%20Autodesk%203ds%20Max

List of films made with Autodesk 3ds Max

The following is a list of major films which used Autodesk 3ds Max software, or one of its previous versions, in some of the visual effects shots: References 3ds Max Films made with Autodesk 3ds Max Films made with Autodesk 3ds Max 3D films

5395536

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrous%20portion

Petrous portion

Petrous portion (From Latin petrous 'rocky') may refer to: Petrous portion of the temporal bone Petrous portion of the internal carotid artery Human anatomy

5395537

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figawi

Figawi

The Figawi or Figawi Race Weekend is an annual charity event and regatta from Hyannis to Nantucket on the Memorial Day weekend hosted by Figawi, Inc. History The Figawi originated in 1972 as an informal race between friends Bob Luby, Joe Horan, and Bob Horan that quickly organized into an annual event. The 1978 addition of a lay day and race back to Hyannis turned the race into a three-day event. By the 1980s, the Figawi was drawing entrants from throughout the New England region. In 1987, Figawi organizers established a black tie charity ball to raise money for local charities. The Race The 2012 race expected over 240 boats and 3,000 participants in 13 classes. The race began in Hyannisport, and the use of the Performance Handicap Racing Fleet system staggered starting times between 10 a.m. and noon. The race ended at the entrance to Nantucket Harbor and proceeded as a parade into Nantucket Boat Basin. The race totaled approximately 25 miles. Charity Ball The Charity Ball is a Saturday night event that raises money exclusively for charities local to Hyannis, such as 2012's beneficiary, the Hyannis Youth and Community Center. Events include dinner provided by local restaurants, charity casino, silent auction, and raffle. 1,200 attendees are expected to generate $200,000. Other events Besides the regatta and the charity ball, Figawi, Inc hosts several other events: Competitor party on Saturday night and traditional clambake on Sunday. The Figawi Invitational, an invitational regatta for high school sailing teams from Cape Cod and the Islands. Awards ceremony, which awards 97 trophies, including formal and informal categories ranging from race winners to spirit awards. "Redux" Monday race, beginning on Nantucket and ending at a neutral point so that participants can sail north or south easily to return home. References External links Official Website WhereTheFigawi.com - Merchandise & Apparel 1972 establishments in Massachusetts Annual sporting events in the United States Barnstable, Massachusetts Charity events in the United States Recurring sporting events established in 1972 Sailing competitions in the United States Sailing in Massachusetts Tourist attractions in Barnstable County, Massachusetts Tourist attractions in Nantucket, Massachusetts

5395540

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytolaccaceae

Phytolaccaceae

Phytolaccaceae is a family of flowering plants. Though almost universally recognized by taxonomists, its circumscription has varied. It is also known as the Pokeweed family. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), also recognizes this family and assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots. The family comprises five genera, totalling 33 known species. It is divided into the subfamilies Agdestioideae and Phytolaccoideae, with the former Rivinioideae in the Takhtajan system, now placed in its own family Petiveriaceae Genera and species The Phytolaccaceae includes the following genera: Agdestis Moc. & Sessé ex DC. — 1 species Anisomeria D.Don — 3 species Ercilla A.Juss. — 2 species Nowickea J.Martínez & J.A.McDonald — 2 species Phytolacca L. — ca 25 species Former genera The following genera were previously included in the Phytolaccaceae: Achatocarpus Triana → Achatocarpaceae Barbeuia Thouars → Barbeuiaceae Gallesia Casar. → Petiveriaceae Gisekia L. → Gisekiaceae Hilleria Vell. → Petiveriaceae Gyrostemon Desf. → Gyrostemonaceae Ledenbergia Klotzsch ex Moq. → Petiveriaceae Lophiocarpus Turcz. → Lophiocarpaceae Microtea Sw. → Microteaceae Monococcus F.Muell. → Petiveriaceae Petiveria L. → Petiveriaceae Phaulothamnus A.Gray → Achatocarpaceae Rivina L. → Petiveriaceae Schindleria H.Walter → Petiveriaceae Seguieria Loefl. → Petiveriaceae Stegnosperma Benth. → Stegnospermataceae Trichostigma A.Rich. → Petiveriaceae References External links Phytolaccaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Version: 30 May 2006. http://delta-intkey.com Phytolaccaeae in the Flora of North America Phytolaccaeae in the Flora of China NCBI Taxonomy Browser Pictures of representative species Caryophyllales families

5395573

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsled%20roller%20coaster

Bobsled roller coaster

A bobsled roller coaster is a roller coaster that uses a track design that is essentially a "pipe" with the top half removed and has cars that are sent down this pipe in a freewheeling mode. The name derives from the great similarity to the track design used for the winter sport of bobsleigh. Most modern bobsled roller coasters are made of steel; however, the first bobsled coasters, known as Flying Turns, were made of wood. On October 4, 2013, after seven years of construction, Knoebels in Pennsylvania opened the world's only modern wooden Flying Turns coaster, Flying Turns. The ride was scheduled to open in 2007, but had been delayed due to dysfunctional wheels and other issues. As there were no historic plans available, the new coaster was designed entirely from scratch. Both the bobsled coaster and the Flying Turns coaster are buildable in the RollerCoaster Tycoon and Thrillville series of video games. Installations As of 2012, 21 bobsled roller coasters have been built. The roller coasters are listed in order of opening dates. * Denotes that exact closing date is not known. † The Screamin' Delta Demon was transported to Old Indiana Fun Park following Opryland's closure in 1998, but was never reassembled and eventually scrapped. References External links Types of roller coaster Roller coasters manufactured by Intamin Roller coasters manufactured by Mack Rides

5395575

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20N.%20Martin

Robert N. Martin

Robert Nicols Martin (January 14, 1798 – July 20, 1870) was an American politician from Maryland. Martin was born in Cambridge, Maryland, where he attended the public schools. He studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practised at Princess Anne from 1819 to 1827. He was elected to the Nineteenth Congress, where he served from March 4, 1825 to March 3, 1827. After his term, Martin settled in Baltimore and resumed the practice of law. He was appointed by Governor Thomas Pratt as judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals and as chief justice of the western judicial district in 1845, in which capacity he served until the office was vacated by the Maryland Constitution of 1851. He again engaged in the practice of his profession in Baltimore. He later served as judge of the superior court of Baltimore from 1859 to 1867, and as professor of international law at the University of Maryland, Baltimore from 1867 to 1870. He died at Saratoga Springs, New York, and is interred in the Christ Protestant Episcopal Church Cemetery in Cambridge. References 1798 births 1870 deaths Judges of the Maryland Court of Appeals People from Cambridge, Maryland University of Maryland, Baltimore faculty National Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland People from Princess Anne, Maryland 19th-century American judges

5395602

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Guistina

David Guistina

David Guistina is the host of the Public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable TV quiz show Masterminds, aired on Time Warner Cable across New York State, and a producer and host at WAMC/Northeast Public Radio in Albany, New York. He graduated from Utica College in 1991 with a dual major in public relations and communications after switching after approximately one year from a dual major in public relations and journalism. His minor was in radio/TV. Guistina currently works as a producer and on-air personality for WAMC/Northeast Public Radio in Albany, New York. He produces several radio shows, documentaries and special programs. Guistina serves as the current host/newscaster of the locally produced segments of National Public Radio's Morning Edition, aired on WAMC from 5 A.M. to 9 A.M. on weekday mornings (previous hosts include Brian Shields and Alan Doane). In the local WAMC Morning Edition segments, Guistina reads local news stories and interviews reporters. He also serves as substitute co-host of The Roundtable, WAMC's local 9 A.M. to 12 P.M. morning program, when Joe Donahue or Sarah LaDuke is on vacation. In addition, he is the Internship Coordinator for the station. He has taught Interpersonal communication classes at Utica College for more than ten years as well as a journalism class at the SUNY University at Albany. References "David Guistina Alumni Profile", Utica College, June 6, 2005, retrieved June 2, 2006. External links WAMC Northeast Public Radio TW3 Local Programming Year of birth missing (living people) People from Albany, New York Living people Utica College alumni American television personalities

5395607

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarbell%20Brook

Tarbell Brook

Tarbell Brook is a stream located in southwestern New Hampshire and northern Massachusetts in the United States. It is a tributary of the Millers River, itself a tributary of the Connecticut River, which flows to Long Island Sound. Tarbell Brook rises in the western part of Rindge, New Hampshire, at the outlet of Pearly Lake, and flows south to the Damon Reservoirs. The brook then passes into Winchendon, Massachusetts, reaching the Millers River approximately west of the town center. History It bears the name of Lieutenant Samuel Tarbell (1744-1828), a Revolutionary War Minuteman who settled in Rindge with his wife Beatrice Carter in 1773, soon thereafter building a watermill at the outflow of Pearly Lake (formerly known as Tarbell Pond). Although the mill is long gone, Tarbell's Cape Cod style house nearby still presides over Route 119. See also List of rivers of Massachusetts List of rivers of New Hampshire References Rivers of New Hampshire Rivers of Worcester County, Massachusetts Tributaries of the Connecticut River Rivers of Massachusetts Rivers of Cheshire County, New Hampshire

5395624

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirates%20of%20the%20Caribbean%20Trading%20Card%20Game

Pirates of the Caribbean Trading Card Game

The Pirates of the Caribbean Trading Card Game is an out-of-print collectible card game based on the two Disney films Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl and Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest. Upper Deck Entertainment launched this title in June 2006 to roughly correspond to the release of the second film but canceled due to lack of interest. Game overview Players fight in one-on-one battles between characters from the movies. For example, one player might take on the role of Will Turner, while another might play as Jack Sparrow. Although there is relatively little explanation given for why any two given characters might be fighting, it can be assumed that the contest is over women, riches, or ships of the sea. The objective of the game is to be the first to score three points. A point can be earned when opponents are unable to stop an incoming attack after it has penetrated through all three of their colored zones. Game system Pirates of the Caribbean is the third game title to make use of the QuickStrike system. Hence, this game follows the same rules as other games using the same game system, and the cards can effectively be used interchangeably. The Shaman King Trading Card Game was the first game to make use of the QuickStrike system, with Avatar: The Last Airbender Trading Card Game being the second. Further details about the gaming system and mechanics are described in the QuickStrike article. Products The 235-card set, titled Dead Man's Chest, features both starter sets and booster packs. The two-player starter set includes 62 cards (60 random normal cards and 2 Chamber cards), a rule book, a pair of playmats, and a plastic carrying case. The cards are split up into two 30 card decks so that two people can play, but can be combined to form one sixty card deck. However, because the cards are random, it is almost certain that such a deck would not be "tournament legal," as described in the rulebook's deck-building rules. Booster packs contain 10 cards, typically distributed as 5 commons, 3 uncommons, 1 rare, and 1 Chamber card. Special foil "gold doubloon" cards appear in some boosters. All Dead Man's Chest cards can be identified by the code PDC (Pirates Dead Man's Chest), which appears immediately before the number on each card. External links Pirates of the Caribbean Trading Card Game Website Pojo's PotC TCG Forum Card games introduced in 2006 Collectible card games Pirates of the Caribbean Upper Deck Company games

5395631

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newmill

Newmill

Newmill is a planned village north of the town of Keith in the Moray council area of north-east Scotland. The resident population at the 2001 census was recorded as 452. History The current street-plan of the village was laid out in about 1759 by the Earls of Fife, but there are records of much earlier settlement dating back to 1535 when a meal mill was built by Bishop Crystall. The Castle of Glengerrick once stood at the site of the village church, now a private dwelling. Slate from the local quarry was used in the renovation of Pluscarden Abbey and the Convent of Greyfriars in Elgin. In 1905 the Newmill Literary Society, supported by the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, built the Newmill Institute, now the Village Hall. In the centre of the village square is a war memorial, a 4-stage clock tower, built 1922–23 and designed by F. A. Robertson. Services Services in Newmill include the village post office. Education The village is served by Newmill Primary School, whilst secondary pupils travel to Keith Grammar School. Notable people James Gordon Bennett, Sr., founder and publisher of the New York Herald, grew up in Newmill. References External links Newmill at Ordnance Survey GetOutside Villages in Moray

5395635

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meridian%20%28Star%20Trek%3A%20Deep%20Space%20Nine%29

Meridian (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)

"Meridian" is the 54th episode of the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, the eighth episode of the third season and the last episode to air before the release of Star Trek Generations. Dax falls in love with a man whose world is in a state of flux; Quark tries to create a holographic pleasure program "starring" Major Kira. Plot While aboard the Defiant in the Gamma Quadrant, the DS9 crew is surprised to see a planet suddenly materialize right in front of them. The inhabitants of the planet invite the crew down for a visit. The planet is called Meridian, and it spends most of its time in another phase of existence, where its people exist only as consciousness, with no physical being. The planet is in this dimension for a very short time. In twelve days it will disappear for sixty years. Each time it returns, the planet will have less time in this universe, and eventually will stop appearing. The crew offer to help stabilize the planet so that it will not disappear forever. Jadzia Dax is distracted from her analysis of the problem by one of the Meridian people, a man named Deral (played by Brett Cullen). They have begun to fall in love. He tells her he will leave the planet and come with her instead of returning to the other phase. His people are not happy to hear this, because they have a very small population and cannot lose a member. To help them, Dax decides to stay on Meridian. She works quickly to find a way to alter her molecular structure so that she can slip into the other dimension along with the planet and its people. She is also able to help the crew stabilize the planet enough so that although it will still shift phases, next time it will stay in this universe for 30 years. Time runs out, and Dax bids a tearful goodbye to her crewmates aboard the Defiant. She returns to Deral and waits with him for the phase shift. As the planet begins to shimmer out of the universe, she is wrenched by a force. Her body is not pulled out of phase with Deral's. She is stuck between dimensions, and, worse, is holding the entire planet there with her. The crew beams her back to the ship, saving her life. Meridian slips safely into its other dimension. Dax returns to her bunk to be alone and begin the 60-year wait before she can again be with Deral. Meanwhile a DS9 visitor called Tiron, employs Quark to make him a custom holosuite program featuring a holographic Kira. Quark tries multiple times to get enough data on Kira to make the hologram, and eventually breaks into secure files to accomplish this. Odo and Kira discover the security break, and have a little fun at Quark's expense, by altering the holographic Kira's head to that of Quark's. Production This episode features Jeffrey Combs as Tiron, in the first of many Star Trek appearances. Legacy In 2016, "Meridian" was remarked to be notable as a Star Trek episode that did not have a traditional villain by Bustle. In this case, the crew of Deep Space Nine is trying to save a group of people from a natural phenomenon. In 2018, SyFy noted this episode was remembered for featuring a one and done romance for Jadzia Dax, noting that although she develops feelings for the alien, their physiology and world events keep them apart. In 2019, ScreenRant ranked this episode one of the ten worst episodes of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. They note that at that time it had a rating of 5.7/10 based on user rankings on the site IMDB. Release The episode was released on June 3, 2003 in North America as part of the season 3 DVD box set. "Meridian" was released in 2017 on DVD with the complete series box set, which had 176 episodes on 48 discs. References External links Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (season 3) episodes 1994 American television episodes Television episodes directed by Jonathan Frakes

5395673

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandaspis

Groenlandaspis

Groenlandaspis ("Greenland Shield") is an extinct genus of arthrodire from the Late Devonian. Fossils of the different species are found in late Devonian strata in all continents except eastern Asia. The generic name commemorates the fact that the first specimens of the type species (G.mirabilis) were found in Greenland. Description As with all other arthrodires, Groenlandaspis had a joint in the back of its head with its thoracic armor, allowing for its head to be thrown back, increasing its gape. However, as its head is somewhat compressed in comparison with many other arthrodires, and as the dorsal side came to a low, pyramid-like peak, it is believed that Groenlandaspis could not crane its head back very far. It was a relatively small fish, only in length on average, though one unusually large species, G. riniensis, reached almost a metre in length It lived in coastal and fluvial waters, where it is thought to have fed on either very small prey, or detritus; the small dental plates in its mouth strongly suggest that it was incapable of tackling large prey. The possibility that the plates may have been used to, at times, feed on bivalves has also been muted. The body shape of the largest species G. riniensis’ suggests that it was most likely a benthic fish. The presence of crushing tooth plates in the form of flat, noded infragnathals and superagnathals suggest that the species' diet may have included prey with hard external shells such as molluscs, crustaceans or arthropods. The armor length of G. riniensis, according to the original description, was approximately , with the head shield having a very broad marginal plate and narrow pineal plate, with the nuchal relatively narrow, being approximately half as broad as it is long. The trunk shield of this species was characterized as having an anterior lateral plate which is almost as broad as long with a relatively straight anterior margin; the median dorsal plate is low with an apex that is posteriorly directed; its posterior dorsolateral plate is very narrow with inflexion of the main lateral line canal situated very close to posterior margin. This species has ornamentation of widely spaced, coarse tubercles. Groenlandaspis is unusual among placoderms in that it is known what color it was; preserved pigment cells in its fossils indicate that its posterior was red and its anterior was silvery-white in a countershaded pattern, camouflaging it in the murky, silty waters of the rivers in which it dwelled. Species †G. mirabilis Heintz, 1932 †G. antarctica Ritchie, 1975 †G. riniensis Gess and Hiller, 1995 †G. disjectus Woodward, 1891(originally Coccosteus disjectus) †G. pennsylvanica Daeschler et al., 2003 †G. potyi Olive et al., 2015 †G. seni Janvier and Ritchie, 1977 †G. thorezi Heintz, 1932 Groenlandaspis riniensis is one of two arthrodire placoderms described in 1999 from the Waterloo Farm lagerstätte in South Africa, with a third species having been subsequently described. The species name ‘riniensis’ derived from Rini or Rhini, the traditional isiXhosa name for Makhanda/Grahamstown, making it the first ever vertebrate fossil to have an isiXhosa derived scientific name. G. riniensis appears to have spent its entire life cycle within the Waterloo Farm estuary as it is represented by a full ontogenetic series. Evidence from other Late Devonian localities with similar placoderm taxa which suggest that while many larvae or small juveniles stayed in the littoral zone close to adult habitats, others may have moved upriver to avoid predation. G. riniensis represents the most frequently preserved fish taxon from the Waterloo Farm site, and may have been the most common vertebrate within the palaeoenvironment, though its frequent preservation may be influenced by preservational bias. References Arthrodire genera Placoderms of Antarctica Placoderms of Asia Placoderms of Africa Placoderms of Australia Placoderms of Europe Placoderms of North America Late Devonian animals

5395680

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashtown%2C%20Dublin

Ashtown, Dublin

Ashtown () is a suburb of Dublin, Ireland. It is also a townland in the civil parish of Castleknock and falls largely into the postal districts of Dublin 15, with some addresses falling into the Dublin 7 postal district. Ashtown is bounded roughly by the townlands of Castleknock to the west. It is situated by the Royal Canal, near the Navan Road, which some addresses being named off Navan Road. The Phoenix Park is also nearby, its Ashtown Gate entrance about 500 metres south of the railway station. The townland's 278 acres are within Dublin City whereas Castleknock is in Fingal. The suburb had a population of 13,209 inhabitants as reported in the 2016 census. Teagasc has a food research centre at Ashtown. Transport The Dublin-Sligo railway passes through the area and it is served by Ashtown railway station, which opened on 1 August 1902. Stopping at Ashtown is the Western Commuter service, which runs frequently between Maynooth and Pearse Station in the city centre. The area is also served by the 120 Dublin Bus route, which terminates at the railway station, and by the 37, 38, 39 and 70 routes, which pass nearby on the Navan Road. The Broombridge LUAS Green Line station (adjacent to the railway station) opened in December 2017. A new railway station, called Pelletstown, was opened in September 2021, lying between Broombridge and Ashtown stations. Sport The grounds of St Oliver Plunketts/Eoghan Ruadh GAA are located in Martin Savage Park, which is just to the south of the railway line and runs along it. Phoenix FC, formerly known as Kinvara Ards, also use this park for their youth teams, but have used a football complex in Scribblestown for their senior team since their merger with Ashtown Villa in 2006. Political Ashtown is in the Dublin West Dáil constituency and the Cabra-Glasnevin Local Electoral Area of Dublin City Council. References Towns and villages in Fingal Townlands of County Dublin Townlands of the barony of Castleknock

5395683

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrosal%20process

Petrosal process

The petrosal process is a sharp process below the notch for the passage of the abducent nerve on either side of the dorsum sellae of the sphenoid bone. It articulates with the apex of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and forms the medial boundary of the foramen lacerum. References Bones of the head and neck

5395703

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1893%3A%20A%20World%27s%20Fair%20Mystery

1893: A World's Fair Mystery

1893: A World's Fair Mystery is an educational work of interactive fiction by American author Peter Nepstad, written in the TADS programming language. It takes place during the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. The exposition is recreated in detail, with archival photographs from the fair and in-depth descriptions detailing each of the few hundred locations. An early text-only version won the 2002 XYZZY Award for Best Setting, and 1893 was declared runner-up for Games' Best RPG/Adventure 2004. Plot During the 1893 World's Colombian Exposition, eight diamonds have been stolen from the exhibition pavilion of the fictional Kimberly Diamond Mining Company. Among them is one of the largest diamonds in the world that the mining company had bestowed to Queen Victoria, who then gave it to the exposition as a loan. The player assumes the role of a detective who investigates the case. The theft soon develops into a kidnapping case, and the player even has to investigate a murder. Reception Specialist magazine Adventure Gamers pointed out that among all game genres only adventures enabled the player to retrospectively participate in historic events. Editor Evan Dickens praised an entertaining and well-written narrative and an authentic reconstruction of the exposition, but criticized that the open world game world that is accessible to the player from the beginning on might overexert inexperienced players. As a whole Dickens rated 1893 as "one of the most phantastic adventure games" he had ever played. Just Adventure noted a "solid story" that Nepstad had weaved across his reconstruction of the exhibition. Editor Ricardo Pautassi praised the interface and the characters of the game but criticized thet the large open game world makes the player lose the overview over where to find certain items to solve the puzzles. References External links Official page 2000s interactive fiction 2003 video games Single-player video games Video games set in Chicago Video games set in the 19th century World's fairs in fiction World's Columbian Exposition

5395705

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cribriform

Cribriform

Cribriform (Latin for "perforated") can refer to: Cribriform plate Fascia cribrosa Cribriform mesenchyme

5395739

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club%20Comunicaciones

Club Comunicaciones

Club Comunicaciones is an Argentine sports club based in the Agronomía district of Buenos Aires. The football team currently plays in Primera B Metropolitana, the regionalised third division of the Argentine football league system History The club was founded for a group of employees of the Argentine Post office company. The name chosen was Club Atlético Correos y Telégrafos, referring to the name of the State mail company they worked for. In 1953 the club changed to its current name. At a sporting level, Comunicaciones offers a large variety of activities, such as gymnasiums, basketball courts, roller hockey, handball, tennis courts, extra football pitches and the main stadium. The club also is famous for having hosted the carnival celebrations during the 1950s and 1960s. The colors that identify the club (yellow and black) were adopted because of those were the distinctive colors used by mail companies worldwide. The football squad has never played in the top category in Argentina. Financial problems By 2011 the club has a debt of $ 6,700 million and had been declared in bankruptcy. Many offerent showed their interest in buying Comunicaciones: the Government of the City of Buenos Aires was one of them. Players Titles Primera C (2): 1969, 2004–05 References External links Official site Football clubs in Buenos Aires Association football clubs established in 1931 1931 establishments in Argentina

5395742

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiranthes%20spiralis

Spiranthes spiralis

Spiranthes spiralis, commonly known as autumn lady's-tresses, is an orchid that grows in Europe and adjacent North Africa and Asia. It is a small grey-green plant. It forms a rosette of four to five pointed, sessile, ovate leaves about in length. In late summer an unbranched stem of about tall is produced with approximately four sheath-shaped leaves. The white flowers are about long and have a green spot on the lower lip. They are arranged in a helix around the upper half of the stalk. The species is listed in Appendix II of CITES as a species that is not currently threatened with extinction but that may become so. Autumn lady's-tresses are legally protected in Belgium and the Netherlands. Description Autumn lady's tresses is a polycarp, perennial, herbaceous plant that remains underground during its dormancy in summer with tubers. The species has thirty chromosomes (2n=30). Root Underground there are two to four (or exceptionally six), egg-shaped or ovate-oblong, hard tubers which are usually long and ¾–1½ cm (0.3–0.59 in) in diameter, slightly tapering towards the tip. They are pale brown and smooth with short transparent hairs on the outside. These tubers, as in many orchids, have an earthy musty smell, originating from the mycorrhiza. There are no thick filamentous secondary roots as in many other orchids. Stem The plant needs many years to grow large enough (eight years) to produce above-ground parts, and to produce a flowering stalk (another three years). Even then, it mostly flowers once every few years, and will during hard times not surface at all. The stem is greyish green, usually (in Southern Europe exceptionally 40 cm) high, unbranched, erect, and terete. Especially further up, the stem is covered with short transparent glandular hairs. Below the flowers stand three to seven grayish green, acute leaves that envelop the stem, with membranous edges and three to five veins. Sometimes the withered leaf remains of the rosette of the previous year are still visible at the base of the stem. Leaf The new leaves, which appear at the same time or after the flower stem, stand with four to five together in a rosette beside the stem. They are (exceptionally 5½ cm) long and ¾-1¾ cm (0.3-0.69 in) wide, blue-green, very glossy, sessile, oval and have a pointed tip and translucent entire edges. They have three to five keeled veins. Plants in the Mediterranean can be considerably more robust than those in Western and Central Europe. Inflorescence The inflorescence is a slender spike of (exceptionally 20 cm) long, with usually ten to twenty-five (rarely as few as six or as many as thirty) flowers. They are set in a single row, usually in a clockwise or counterclockwise spiral winding around the axis, or rarely all to one side. Flower Each flower is subtended by a pale green, lanceolate bract. This shelters the base of the flower, tapers, bends toward the tip, has white edges and scattered glandular hairs at the base. They are usually long and wide. The flowers are very small, ± ½ cm (0.2 in), white, and spread a fragrance that is said to by reminiscent of lily of the valley, vanilla or almonds. The flowers produce nectar unlike in many other orchids. The flower has no spur. Perianth Outer tepals are oblong-ovate, slightly tapering to a blunt tip, long, white with a light green vein, have a ciliate or very finely serrated edge, and on the outside with little glandular hairs. Inner perianth leaves are white, elongate with a blunt tip, a vein and adhere with the slightly longer upper outer perianth leaf, thereby forming an upward decurved upper lip. The lower lip is pale green with a wide irregular jagged edge of crystal-like transparent white growths, oblong, approximately long and 2½–3 mm (0.10–0.12 in) wide, trough-shaped, rounded and without lobes and at its top bending down. Both lips give the flower as a whole a trumpet shape. The lower lip encloses the column (merger of the stamen and style) at the base, and there are also two white, glossy, round, nectar-secreting glands, each with a ring of papillae around their base. The small column is green. Fruit and seed The capsule is 5½-7 mm (0.22-0.27 in) long, or occasionally up to thick, oval shaped, and filled with countless tiny and very lightweight seeds of long at thick. Growth cycle Around the end of August a rosette of leaves appears, which stays green over the winter and dies back in July at the latest. During the following weeks, a flower stalk emerges from the centre of the dead leaf rosette, and during flowering, one or two new rosettes are formed. Autumn lady's tresses blossoms after the summer (August–October). The species is not self-pollinating. The pollination is done by bees and bumblebees. In nature, less than half of the fruit capsules produce seeds. The very fine seeds are dispersed by the wind in October or November. Nevertheless, most seeds will not disperse more than a few dm from the mother plant since the vast majority of new plants are in close vicinity to an adult plant. Autumn lady's tresses spreads primarily through sexual reproduction. However, the plants to a limited extent also propagate vegetatively by the formation of side buds on the underground stem. The new plant forms its own tuber and leaf rosette, and if the old root dies, the connection between the two daughter plants is broken. The plants therefore often occur in small dense groups. An individual plant does not usually flower every year, apparently because the production of seeds takes a lot of effort. Plants do not necessarily appear above ground each year, so that after an absence mature plants suddenly seem to appear out of nowhere. Differences from other species The genus Spiranthes contains about forty species, most of which are from North America. Some species are found in Central and South America, in temperate and tropical Asia southward to Australia and New Zealand. In Europe, three species occur in the wild. Besides the autumn lady's tresses, these are the summer lady's tresses S. aestivalis, and the Irish lady's tresses S. romanzoffiana, a mainly North American species that also occurs in Ireland and western Scotland. The autumn lady's tresses is easily distinguished because the two other species have inflorescences that occur earlier during the year (May–July) from a living rosette, with lanceolate leaves rising at an angle and having cream-colored instead of greenish or greyish white flowers. The autumn lady's tresses also resembles the evergreen Goodyera repens (creeping lady's-tresses or dwarf rattlesnake plantain), which has a creeping rhizome rather than tubers. In G. repens the inflorescence emerges from the centre of a rosette of ovate leaves with a pointed tip, and has striking perpendicular connective veins. The flowers are covered in long hairs that are often tipped with tiny droplets. Taxonomy In 1753, Carl Linnaeus was the first to correctly describe the species in his Species Plantarum, naming it Ophrys spiralis. In 1827, François Fulgis Chevallier moved it to the genus Spiranthes that had been erected by Louis Claude Richard in 1817. Synonyms include O. autumnalis, Epipactis spiralis, Serapias spiralis, Neottia spiralis, N. autumnalis, Ibidium spirale, Gyrostachys autumnalis, Spiranthes autumnalis and S. glauca. Autumn lady's threshes belongs to a genus with many species in North-America, but only three species occur in Europe. Phylogeny Recent DNA-analysis showed that three Eurasian species of Spiranthes are most related to each other, with a clade consisting of S. sinensis and S. aestivalis being the sister group of S. spiralis. Etymology The botanical name is derived from the ancient Greek σπεῖρα (speira) "spiral" and ἄνθος (anthos) "flower". The species name spiralis also refers to the placement of the flowers in a spiral. Distribution and habitat Range Autumn lady's tresses occurs in Europe and small adjacent parts of North Africa and Asia. In the west, it occurs from Ireland to Portugal, in the south from Spain including the Balearic Islands, the coastal mountains of Algeria, Italy including Sicily, Greece including Crete, the Mediterranean, Aegean and Black Sea Coasts of Turkey and the Caucasus Mountains, North Iran eastwards to the Western Himalayas. To the North its limit is from northern England, the Netherlands, Denmark and the southern Baltic, Poland to western Ukraine. It is now considered regionally extinct in Denmark, but is has been introduced to the Swedish island of Öland, where it now seems to be established. In Switzerland the most recent locations are around Lake Lucerne, the Rhine Valley near Chur, in the area of Lake Walen and in Ticino. In Italy it is found in the north-east near the sea. In Great Britain and Ireland its northernmost occurrence is on the Isle of Man. It has never been found in Scotland. In Ireland it has a scattered southern distribution north to County Sligo. In Germany, the plant is endangered in Bavaria (Franconian Heights and Franconian Jura) and Hesse, very endangered in Baden-Württemberg (Swabian Jura and foothills of the Alps) and Rhineland-Palatinate, and near extinction in Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Lower Saxony. In France, it occurs across the country, except for the regions of Champagne-Ardenne and Lorraine, and the departments of Nord, Aisne, Eure, Bas-Rhin, Val d'Oise and Seine-et-Marne. It is relatively common on the coasts of Brittany and the Provence, and in the valley of the Orne.<ref></ref> The original range of S. spiralis is probably Mediterranean. Only when man created the habitat for this orchid by settling and converting forests to agriculture and animal husbandry, the species could spread to the north (7000 to 4000 BC). Habitat It grows in dry grassy places such as meadows, garigue, heaths, and pine woodland, generally on calcareous soils. Ecology Autumn lady's tresses may be found on quite different substrates, from weathered chalk and limestone to sand and gravel in dunes and slightly acidic heathlands. Occasionally, it has also been found on clay on sloping sites. It sometimes occurs in lawns, and was reported from the top of a wall in Sicily. Soils need to be low in nitrogen and phosphorus and neither dry nor wet. The species occurs in different plant communities, most commonly in highly diverse Festuca ovina–Avenula pratensis grasslands that exist because of intense grazing by sheep or rabbits. These grasslands contain grasses, dicots, and mosses in different mixtures. The turf is short, continuous and consist of very small individual plants. Characteristic species that may be abundant in these grasslands in the UK include the grasses Sheep's fescue Festuca ovina, red fescue F. rubra, Quaking-grass Briza media, crested hair-grass Koeleria macrantha and Crested dog's-tail Cynosurus cristatus, the dicots ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata, Small burnet Poterium sanguisorba ssp. sanguisorba, Common Bird's-foot Trefoil Lotus corniculatus, Common Cat's-ear Hypochaeris radicata, Mouse-ear hawkweed Pilosella officinarum, Rough hawkbit Leontodon hispidus and Dwarf thistle Cirsium acaule, and the moss Pseudoscleropodium purum. In the Netherlands, the remaining population in an old dune grassland occurs in a community akin to the Botrychio-Polygaletum, where it occurs with Briza media, Glaucous sedge Carex flacca, Broad-leaved thyme Thymus pulegioides, Common milkwort Polygala vulgaris and Fairy flax Linum catharticum. Root symbiosis Like most other species of orchids, autumn lady's tresses needs a root fungus (or mycorrhiza) for its seed to germinate under field conditions. The seeds contain no endosperm or other food reserves. After germination, the lower part of the seedling (or protocorm) is colonized by mycorrhiza. The seedlings parasitize actually on the mycorrhiza, which provides both water, minerals and organic compounds. Since it takes about eight years before the plant produces green parts, this part of the lifecycle of this orchid is very long. Mature plants also contain mycorrhiza most of the year, but the amount of hyphae fluctuates with a maximum during the fall and winter. Most deeply infiltrated hyphae are digested at the beginning of flowering time, though the outer cell layer of the tuber may still contain living hyphae. New tubers are colonized when they have reached their maximum size. Infiltrated cells contain coils of hyphae of Rhizoctonia-type. Autumn lady's tresses can accommodate several types of fungus in its roots. Some of these mycorrhizal fungi are from genera that also occur in other orchids, such as Ceratobasidium and Rhizoctonia. But there are also fungi present in the tubers that were not known to enter into an endophytic relationship, such as the ascomycete genera Davidiella, Leptosphaeria and Alternaria and the basidiomycete Malassezia. Even fungi that are known to be pathogenic in other plants, such as Fusarium oxysporum and Bionectria ochroleuca can be found in healthy specimens of this orchid, suggesting that it is able to keep such fungi in check. Pollination Pollination of autumn lady's tresses is little observed. In the Netherlands the common carder bee (Bombus pascuorum) and red-tailed bumblebee (Bombus lapidarius) are regular visitors. In southern France (Rhône Department) the honeybee also pollinates. The silver Y (Autographa gamma) is also seen to visits the flowers, but attached pollinia have not been observed. The pollinators land on the lower lip. On the rear part of the lip are two glands that secrete nectar which is collected in small cavities immediately below them. The access to the nectar is very narrow to by the protruding edge of the column and the glands, and will cause the tongue of the bumblebee or bee to tear a membrane that covers the base of the two pollinia. As a result, the bees tongue comes into contact with an adhesive which hardens directly when exposed to the air. When the tongue is retracted the pollinia cling to it. The lip of flowers that is a few day more matured has opened further making access to the nectar gland wider and making the tongue brush past the stigma and deliver the pollen. Such a flower which develops first to release the pollen, and is later adapted to be pollinated is called protandrous. In 52% of the plants the flowers are arranged counterclockwise, in 39% clockwise and in 9% of the plants the flowers are to one side of the inflorescence. The pollinators always land at bottom of the inflorescence and visit the flowers ever higher up. Most bumblebees have a strong preference for counterclockwise arrangement, fewer for clockwise. It seems that autumn lady's tresses responds to this preference by offering different inflorescence types and thus increases the chances of fertilization. Diseases The rust Uredo oncidii is known to infect the leaves and stems of Spiranthes spiralis. Conservation To conserve S. spiralis'' and improve the establishment of new habitats the hydrology must be just right: not too dry nor too moist. Because the species has little competitive strength, the soil must be moderate poor in nutrients and eutrophication, for example from adjacent farmland, should be avoided. Autumn lady's tresses grow best in a soil that is not acid. Therefore, acidification must be halted, on loamy soils for example by raising the ground watertable slightly, or by removing the acid humus layer. On sandy soil, it is important to retain or restore the small scale relief so that the optimal moisture is present both in dry and in wet years in the field. During flowering should not be mowed or grazed, but mowing and grazing by sheep or cattle outside this period is beneficial to keep the vegetation sufficiently short. Damaging the soil should be avoided. New locations can be created in the vicinity of existing habitats, possibly aided by scattering cuttings from existing locations to encourage establishment. References spiralis Orchids of Europe Orchids of Asia Flora of North Africa Flora of Western Asia Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

5395743

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20Head

Electric Head

Electric Head is the debut album by English electronic artists The Grid, released in 1990. An extended, double-CD version of the album is released on Cherry Red Records in August 2013. The second CD includes remixes of the singles from Andrew Weatherall, Robert Gordon and Farley and Heller. Alternative mixes of "Floatation" and "A Beat Called Love" were released as singles. Mixes were prepared for a single release of "This Must Be Heaven" but remained unreleased until included on the 2013 reissue of the album. Track listing All tracks written by Grid members Richard Norris and Dave Ball. Side one "One Giant Step" – 6:11 "Interference" – 0:34 "Are You Receiving" – 4:32 "Islamatron" – 3:33 "The Traffic" – 0:14 "Driving Instructor" – 4:40 "A Beat Called Love" – 4:01 "The First Stroke" – 0:13 Side two "Central Locking" – 0:41 "Intergalactica" – 6:10 "Beautiful and Profound" – 0:10 "This Must Be Heaven" – 4:15 "Machine Delay" – 0:09 "Doctor Celine" – 3:45 "Typical Waterloo Sunset" – 0:14 "Strange Electric Sun" – 4:19 "Floatation" – 5:06 "Virtual" (only on the CD) – 2:36 Personnel Dave Ball - sampler, synthesizer, drum machine, computer, toy, grand piano Richard Norris - vocals, vocoder, tape, effects, drum machine, electric guitar, electric piano, computer with: Sasha Rebecca Souter - vocals on "A Beat Called Love" Cobalt Stargazer (Geoff Bird) - guitar Andy Murray - slide guitar Polo - percussion Guy Barker - trumpet Julian Stringle - clarinet Beate Schulz, Di Wright, Gini Ball, Gloria Robakowski, Jaq Robinson, Kim Schillinglaw, Michele Oldland, Sasha Rebecca Souter, Sylvia Mason-James - backing vocals Paul Davis - cover artwork References External links Electric Head at Discogs 1990 debut albums The Grid albums East West Records albums

5395749

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.%20R.%20P.%20George

W. R. P. George

William Richard Philip George (20 October 1912 – 20 November 2006) was a Welsh solicitor, poet, and Archdruid of Wales. He was the nephew of the Prime Minister, David Lloyd George. George was born in Criccieth in North Wales. His father, William George, was the younger brother of David Lloyd George. While David Lloyd George pursued a political career, his brother took care of the family firm of solicitors. George was educated at Friars School, Bangor, where he initially joined the Officers Training Corps, but later applied to leave it. He went on to Wrekin College, Wellington, Shropshire. He studied law in the late 1920s at the private tutorial school, Gibson & Weldon, at 27 Chancery Lane. (One of his tutors was John Widgery, later Lord Chief Justice.) He took his articles in the early 1930s with the Clerk of Justices in Caernarfon, and he qualified as a solicitor in November 1934, when he joined his father's practice, William George & Son, in Porthmadog, Caernarvonshire. He continued to practise with the same firm until his death. At 94 years old, he was the fifth oldest practising solicitor in England and Wales, according to Law Society records (his father had continued to practise until he was 101). He served as Clerk to the Justices at Barmouth from 1948 to 1975, and as a deputy circuit judge in the Crown Court from 1975 to 1980. He was also solicitor to the National Eisteddfod. Outside the law, he turned away from the family's Liberal leanings, to support Plaid Cymru. He was a conscientious objector in the Second World War, working on the land, and an independent councillor on Carnarvonshire County Council and then Gwynedd County Council from 1967 to 1996, serving as Chairman in 1982. He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1996 for his services to local government. He was also a Welsh language poet of some distinction, and was crowned at the National Eisteddfod in 1974 for his free metre poem Tân ("Fire"). He received an honorary doctorate from the University of Wales in 1988, and was Archdruid of Wales from 1990 to 1993, taking the bardic name "Ap Llysor" (meaning "son of Solicitor"). He was also Chairman of the Assembly of Welsh Counties, and Secretary of the Baptist chapel at Criccieth. He published five volumes of Welsh poems, Dwyfor (1948), Cerddi'r Neraig ("Neraig Poems", 1968), Grawn Medi ("September Grapes", 1974), Tân ("Fire", 1979) and Dringo'r Ysgol ("Climbing the Ladder", 1989), and a collection Mydylau ("Haycocks") in 2004. He also wrote three biographies (including two of his uncle, Lloyd George, The Making of Lloyd George in 1976 and Lloyd George: backbencher in 1983, based on the archive that he inherited on his father's death in 1967) and his own autobiography, 88 Not Out (), published in May 2001. He was married twice. He first married Dora Harley in 1943, but they were divorced. He married Greta Bogner in 1953, having four children (three of them solicitors). References "Lloyd George nephew dies, aged 94", BBC Wales, 30 November 2006 Obituary, The Independent, 22 November 2006 Obituary, The Daily Telegraph, 5 December 2006 1912 births 2006 deaths Welsh conscientious objectors Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Welsh solicitors Welsh-language poets People educated at Wrekin College People from Caernarfonshire People educated at Friars School, Bangor 20th-century Welsh lawyers Welsh Eisteddfod archdruids Councillors in Wales

5395766

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobropillia%20Raion

Dobropillia Raion

Dobropillia Raion (, translit.: Dobropil's'kyi raion; , translit.: Dobropol'skiy raion) was a raion (district) within the southwestern part of Donetsk Oblast in eastern Ukraine. Its administrative center was Dobropillia, which was incorporated separately as the town of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion. Its area was . The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Donetsk Oblast to eight, of which only five were controlled by the government. The last estimate of the raion population was {. Within Dobropillia Raion there were one urban-type settlement (Sviatohorivka - 2,100 inhabitants), 9 selsoviets, and 66 settlements. Also included within the raion were: 17 kolhozy, and 3 sovhozy, 4 industrial organizations, 4 construction organizations, 2 railroad stations, 44 Meduchredzheniy, and 47 libraries. An architectural monument in the raion was a palace (1887-1914-selo Zelyenoe). In May 2014, due to the deteriorating situation in the Donetsk Oblast, the raion requested a referendum pertaining to the transfer of Dobropillia Raion into the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, where the situation was more stable. The then Dnipropetrovsk Governor Ihor Kolomoisky announced that the oblast would be willing to do so assuming that is what the citizens want. Settlements Vodianske Volodymyrivka Virovka Hannivka Zolotyi Kolodiaz Krasnoiarske Kryvorizhia Novyi Donbas Novovodiane Novodonetske Novotoretske Novotroitske Novofedorivka Oktiabrske Rozy Liuksemburh Sviatohorivka Svitle Shevchenko Shylivka Demographics As of the 2001 Ukrainian census: Ethnicity Ukrainians: 89.4% Russians: 8.9% See also Administrative divisions of Donetsk Oblast References External links Verkhovna Rada website - Administrative divisions of the Dobropillia Raion Former raions of Donetsk Oblast 1966 establishments in Ukraine Ukrainian raions abolished during the 2020 administrative reform

5395767

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashtown%20railway%20station

Ashtown railway station

Ashtown is a commuter railway station in Fingal, Ireland on the Dublin Connolly to Maynooth and Docklands to M3 Parkway commuter services. It serves Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland and is near the Ashtown roundabout on the Navan Road (R147). (formerly Phoenix Park) opened nearby in 2008 but does not replace Ashtown. A major grade-separated junction was built on the R147 to provide access to . The ticket office is open from 06:30 to 16:00, Monday to Friday. It is closed on Saturday and Sunday. History The station was opened by the Midland Great Western Railway in 1847 for race specials at the now-demolished Phoenix Park Racecourse. It opened fully on 1 August 1902. Absorbed into the Great Southern Railways by way of the Railways (Great Southern) Preliminary Amalgamation Scheme of 12 November 1924 (SI no. 31 of that year), the station closed in 1934. The line through the station was then nationalised, passing on to Córas Iompair Éireann as a result of the Transport Act 1944 which took effect from 1 January 1945. Under this management, it reopened briefly in 1979 for the visit of Pope John Paul II to Ireland in order to facilitate the large numbers who attended the open-air mass in the Phoenix Park and reopened permanently on 11 January 1982. It passed on to Iarnród Éireann in 1987. The footbridge came from Midleton on the Youghal line. See also List of railway stations in Ireland References External links Iarnród Éireann stations in Fingal Railway stations opened in 1847 Railway stations closed in 1934 Railway stations opened in 1979 Railway stations closed in 1979 Railway stations opened in 1982 1847 establishments in Ireland Railway stations in Fingal 1934 disestablishments in Ireland 1982 establishments in Ireland Railway stations in Ireland opened in 1847

5395794

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President%20of%20the%20Family%20Division

President of the Family Division

The President of the Family Division is the head of the Family Division of the High Court of Justice in England and Wales and Head of Family Justice. The Family Division was created in 1971 when Admiralty and contentious probate cases were removed from its predecessor, the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division. The current President of the Family Division is Sir Andrew McFarlane. Sir James Munby retired as president on 27 July 2018. Presidents of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division 1 November 1875: Sir James Hannen 29 January 1891: Sir Charles Butt 2 June 1892: Sir Francis Jeune 30 January 1905: Sir Gorell Barnes 10 February 1909: Sir John Bigham 9 March 1910: Sir Samuel Evans 18 October 1918: Sir William Pickford (The Lord Sterndale from November 1918) 31 October 1919: Sir Henry Duke (The Lord Merrivale from 1925) 2 October 1933: Sir Boyd Merriman (The Lord Merriman from 1941) 8 February 1962: Sir Jocelyn Simon (The Lord Simon of Glaisdale from February 1971) 20 April 1971: Sir George Baker (President of the Family Division after the relevant provisions of the Administration of Justice Act 1970 came into force on 1 October 1971) Presidents of the Family Division 1 October 1971: Sir George Baker (President of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division before the relevant provisions of the Administration of Justice Act 1970 came into force on 1 October 1971) 28 September 1979: Sir John Arnold 11 January 1988: Sir Stephen Brown 1 October 1999: Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss 7 April 2005: Sir Mark Potter 13 April 2010: Sir Nicholas Wall (Retired 1 December 2012) 11 January 2013: Sir James Munby 28 July 2018: Sir Andrew McFarlane Legal Significance Upon an intestate death, the property of the deceased formerly legally vested in the President of the Family Division until such a time that the Probate Registry made a grant of grant of administration to the deceased's personal representatives. The property now vests in the Public Trustee until a grant is made. See also Lord Chief Justice Master of the Rolls President of the Queen's Bench Division Chancellor of the High Court Notes References David Butler and Gareth Butler, Twentieth Century British Political Facts 1900–2000, Macmillan, 2000 Chris Cook and Brendan Keith, British Historical Facts 1830–1900, Macmillan, 1975 High Court of Justice English family law

5395798

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergen%20Storm

Bergen Storm

The Bergen Storm is an American football team based in Bergen, Norway. Bergen Storm is the 3rd oldest existing team in Norwegian American Football. They are members of the Norges Amerikanske Idretters Forbund (NAIF) - Amerikansk Fotball Norge (AFN). The team plays its home games at Varden Kunstgress field in Bergen. Facts Founded: 1992 (as Bergen Blackhawks) when Bergen Bulldogs and Bergen Flyers merged. Team colors: Cardinal red and white President: Jesper Haug Karsrud. Best results: Senior: 3rd place 1st division (1993), U-19: Runner-up champions (1999, 2000, 2001), U-16: National Champion (2004, 2005). Noted rivalries: Nidaros Domers (Bergen Vs Trondheim), VIF Trolls (junior championship games), Åsane Seahawks (Best in town games) Teams Senior Players of age 18 and up. Have participated every official season since 1993 with the exception of 1998. The team pulled out of league play midway through the season in 1995 and 1997. Best standing is currently 3rd place 1st division (1993) and winner 2nd division (1996 and 2009). U-19 Players in the age group 16–19. Participated in the Norwegian U-19 championship since 1995, with the exception of 1998. Best standing is Norwegian vice-champions in 1999, 2000 and 2001, each year losing the championship final to the VIF Trolls. U-17 Players in the age group 14–16. Participated in the Norwegian U-16 championship since 2003. Best standing is Norwegian Champions in 2005 when the Bergen team beat VIF Trolls 8–7. Storm Cheerleaders Participated in the Norwegian Championship for Cheerleaders in 2005 finishing last. Program got canceled after this season. New program is currently starting up. Bergen Storm Thunder One of the Bergen Storm teams during the 'split' in 2005 as an effort to create local league play in Norwegian 2nd division versus Bergen Storm Blizzard and Åsane Seahawks. Thunder became the only winner of the Bergen Bowl by beating Bergen Storm Blizzard in the final. The team was officially coached by Eirik Talhaug. Bergen Storm Blizzard One of the Bergen Storm teams during the 'split' in 2005 as an effort to create Bergen league play in the Norwegian 2nd division versus Bergen Storm Thunder and Åsane Seahawks. Blizzards were runners-up in the only Bergen Bowl final. The team was coached by Bård Strøm, Thomas Midtun and Arild Hauge. Associated clubs or teams Os Wolverines Bergen Storm had tight connections with Os Wolverines. Os is an independent club based in Os Kommune south of Bergen. The Wolverines participated in the Norwegian 2nd division once in 2010 under the name Hordaland Storm. Since then they have been active in the regional 8-man league in the fall. The two clubs shared some coaching and resource personnel. Amongst others, Christian Detjen, head coach for the Os Wolverines was a board member and U-19 head coach with Bergen Storm, while Bjarte Eide Aase who was assistant coach with Storm in 2013. Navy Valkyries The Naval Academy in Bergen fielded their own 8-man football team. However, the academy is not a registered club within the Federation of American Sports in Norway, thus all players are licensed through Bergen Storm. Notable Bergen Storm player Markus Johannessen is one of the Valkyries key players. Long time Bergen Storm player, coach and president Atle Mølholm was at a time hired by the Naval Academy as a coach for the Valkyries as well. NHHI Capitalists The Norwegian School of Economics has their own team registered with the Federation of American Sports. So far, NHHI has only participated in the local 8-man league as well as the interstudent athletic competition (2013). NHHI is thus an independent club but Bergen Storm and NHHI has allowed for players to play for both clubs. Long time Bergen Storm player Robert Fredriksen is served as a coach and resource person for the NHHI Capitalists. 8-man league The 8-man league (2008 - 2014) was a regional low-cost league for American football in Hordaland which was tremendously popular with more than 100 licensed players during a season, fielding more than 100 players total in a single season. The 8-man has been a Bergen Storm initially driven by then club president Thomas Midtun. The league consists of different teams mainly associated with the four clubs in the region: Bergen Storm, Åsane Seahawks, Kvernbit Knights and Os Wolverines. The Bergen Storm organized teams have been: Bergen Replacements A team participating in the Bergen 8-man football league. Mainly consisting of retired Bergen Storm players. Bergen Bowl winner of 2008 going undefeated through the season. Runner-up in 2009 going undefeated through regular season. Led by Eirik Talhaug, Thomas Midtun and Hallvard Hollevik Bergen Gators / Bergen Sackademics / Bergen Beavers A team participating in the Bergen 8-man football league. Mainly consisting of current or new members of Bergen Storm. Bergen Bowl 2009 champions and Bergen Bowl 2008 runner-up. Moved forth to Bergen Sharks, thus leaving the Bergen Storm organization in favor of Åsane Seahawks. Led by Sondre Johan Haugsdal Riisøen. Bergen Leftovers A team that participated in the Bergen 8-man football league in 2008. Led by Finn Olsen. 8-man league winners 2014: Åsane Seahawks 2013: Os Wolverines 2012: Replacements 2011: Replacements 2010: Bergen Sackademics 2009: Bergen Gators 2008: Replacements History line pre 1992: A merge between Bergen Bulldogs and Bergen Flyers in 1992. The team became Bergen Blackhawks and performed well landing the team as no. 3 in Norwegian 1st division. 1992 - 1994: Coach Joe Spinella Took over the team as a head coach. The team had their so far best record in this era. :no:Jon Torstein Bakken was president of the club. 1995-1998: Bergen Storm failed to perform very well and was tormented by instability and changes of presidents and coaches. With the exception of 1996, Bergen Storm did not manage to complete a single season. On the brighter side, the era saw the birth of Storm U-19 and the 2nd division championship winner for seniors. 1999 - 2001: Kaj Hopland, Rolf Endresen and Atle Mølholm created stability for the club as coaches and an efficient board. Bergen Storm competed in the 2nd division in 1999 - 2001. During this time Bergen Storm U-19 noted their best records as vice-champions three years in a row. 2002-2004: Bergen Storm senior made a three-year run into the 1st division but was clearly seen to small to compete against the better Norwegian teams Eidsvoll 1814s, Oslo Vikings, and VIF Trolls. Bergen Storm launched their first U-16 program and Bergen Storm Cheerleading became active. 2005 - 2009: Bergen Storm decided to move back into the 2nd division for the 2005 season. An experiment was made to split the Bergen team into two teams: Blizzard and Thunder, to compete in a 3-team conference along with Åsane Seahawks. Only one formal game got played and a joint Storm team traveled to Hamar Ruins to take on the 2nd division championship game, which the Ruins won. 2006 saw the first paid coach for Bergen Storm when Timo Sorri was brought in to help out Bergen Storm. 2007 and 2008 has been played in 2nd division with local coaching and personnel. In 2009 former NFL draft pick and South Carolina standout Ryan Bethea took charge of the team going 4–0 in the second division. Bergen Storm won their first Championship on any level when Storm won the U-16 championship in '05. 2008 also saw the first season of the 8-man regional football league in Bergen, with five teams participating: Bergen Replacements, Bergen Gators, Bergen Leftovers, Åsane Seahawks and Kvernbit Knights. 2010–2013: The Bergen Storm side decided to move back up into the 1st division in 2010 under the leadership of 2nd year HC Ryan Bethea. Bergen Storm assembled a team consisting of players from Storm, the Kvernbit Knights and Os Wolverines. The club fielded Norwegian players only playing the local quarterback Øyvind Haugland as starter. The team went 1–5 through the season after an 8–6 upset win over the VIF Trolls in Oslo. Peter Holmberg succeeded as HC for Bergen Storm in 2011 and 2012. In addition, Bergen Storm brought in American import players for the first time in team history. The team went 2–4 through 2011 season with a double win over the Nidaros Domers which qualified for the last spot in play-offs.. Further, Bergen Storm went 3–3 in 2012 after beating the Nidaros Domers, VIF Trolls and AFC Show but did not qualify for playoffs due to the increased number of participating teams in the league. In 2013, the team saw much reorganizing and finished the season 0–7. Despite beating championship runners-up Kristiansand Gladiators 14–9 Storm were ruled to lose all first three games of the season 0–30 due to an administrative penalty for fielding an illegal transferred player. However, the team saw a reduction in the junior program in this period of time. The U-16 program folded after 2010 campaign and the U-19 program did not manage to field a team for the 2012 campaign after reaching playoffs in 2011 under the leadership of Christian Detjen. Bergen Storm Cheerleading increased both in size and quality during this time and won the national championship in cheerleading for one category in 2012. 2014, 2015: Bergen Storm sat out from organized football in 2014, except for fielding Bergen Storm for the first time as a united team in the regional 8-man league. In 2015, Storm participated once again in national league play at 2nd division, finishing the season in 4th place after a 3–3 record. Notable people Atle Mølholm - Club president 2002–2005. coach and player. NoAF All-star team safety. Bergen Storm All Star '93-'03 WR. Eskild Risnes - Head coach '96, NoAF All-Star team DE, Bergen Storm All-Star '93-'03 DE. Retired Jersey #99. Kaj Hopland - Club president '98-'00, Head Coach sr '98-'02, Head Coach U-19 '03, Bergen Storm All-Star '93-'03 QB. Bergen Storm Honor Award '03 for longest playing record. Bård Strøm - Club President '05 and 2014, head coach sr '03-'05 and 2013, head coach U-19 '99-'00 and '02, Norway U-19 offensive coordinator '00 and '02. Cal Poly Mustangs football assistant coach '01, World Team assistant coach 2011. Norway National Team assistant coach 2015–2016. AFN coaches instructor. Thomas Midtun - Club president '01, '06,08 and 09'. Head Coach Sr '06-'08, Head Coach U-19 '01, Norway U-19 offensive coordinator '04 Stig Schjerpen - Bergen Storm All-Star '93-'03 tight end, head coach U-16 '04-'06 Erik Nødtvedt - Bergen Storm wide receiver and wide receiver coach. Member of Norwegian Flag football national team participating in the 2012 flag football world championship. Oslo Vikings wide receiver 2009. Joseph Spinella - Head coach Sr '92-'94. :no:Jon Torstein Bakken - Club president '93 - '95, Head Coach U-19 '96 Tor-Arne Torsvik - Bergen Storm All-Star '93-'03 LB, MVP Defense Nordic Championship '02 Timo Sorri - Head coach Sr '06 Ronny Nilsen - Bergen Storm All-Star '93 - '03 DT, Bergen Storm Honor Award '03 for longest playing record. Ryan Bethea - Head coach Bergen Storm sr 2009–2010. Head Coach Bergen Storm U-19 2009. #138 overall draft pick of the 1988 NFL Draft by the Minnesota Vikings. Former South Carolina University wide receiver. Peter Holmberg -, Head coach Bergen Storm senior 2011 and 2012. Sigbjørn Tveiterås - Club president from 2013. Norwegian Champion with Oslo Vikings. Jannice Hope - Long time board member and club president in 2012. Head coaches Bergen Storm Senior Amund Klem rønning (2015) Bård Strøm (2013) Peter Holmberg (2011, 2012) Ryan Bethea (2009, 2010) Thomas Midtun (2007, 2008) Timo Sorri (2006) Bård Strøm (2003–2005) Kaj Hopland (1999 - 2002) Rolf Endresen (1997) Eskild Risnes (1996) :no:Jon Torstein Bakken (1995) Joseph Spinella (1993, 1994) Import history of Bergen Storm 2013 Nate Poppell QB/OC, Texas A&M Kingsville (NCAA DIV-II) 2013 Pat O'Neill LB/DC, University of Rhode Island (NCAA DIV-1AA) 2012 Dan McClellan DB/WR, Millersville University (NCAA DIV-II) 2012 Clifford Harris QB/RB, Duke University (FBS: NCAA DIV-I) 2012 Brandon Jordan OL/DL, Missouri S&T (NCAA DIV-II) 2011 Jordan Green QB/WR, Webber International University (NCAA DIV-II) 2011 Jeremy Vannice LB/DL, Friends University (NAIA) External links Bergen Storm Official Website NoAFF Official Website American football teams in Norway 1992 establishments in Norway American football teams established in 1992

5395819

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter%20cake

Filter cake

A filter cake is formed by the substances that are retained on a filter. Filter aids, such as diatomaceous earth or activated carbon are usually used to form the filter cake. The purpose is to increase flow rate or achieve a smaller micron filtration. The filter cake grows in the course of filtration, becoming "thicker" as particulate matter and filter aid is retained on the filter. With increasing layer thickness, the flow resistance of the filter cake increases. After a time, the filter cake has to be removed from the filter, e.g. by backflushing. If this is not accomplished, the filtration is disrupted because the viscosity of the filter cake gets too high; hence, too little of the mixture to be filtered can pass through the filter cake and the filter plugs. The specifications of the filter cake dictate the filtration method of choice. See also Filter press Tilting pan filter References Filters Water treatment Water technology

5395826

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20Purgatory%27s%20Shadow

In Purgatory's Shadow

"In Purgatory's Shadow" is the 112th episode of the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, the 14th episode of the fifth season. The episode premiered on February 10, 1997 to a Nielsen rating of 6.7 points. It is the first half of a two-part episode, with the second half, "By Inferno's Light", first airing a week later. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the space station Deep Space Nine near the planet Bajor, as the Bajorans recover from a decades-long occupation by the imperialistic Cardassians. The station is adjacent to a wormhole connecting the Alpha and Gamma Quadrants of the galaxy; the Gamma Quadrant is home to an expansionist empire known as the Dominion, ruled by the shape-shifting Changelings. This episode begins the Dominion's invasion of the Alpha Quadrant, a plot arc which continues until the final episode of the series. It features the return of several characters, drawing on plot lines previously established in the third, fourth and fifth seasons. This episode is dedicated "In memory of Derek Garth", a grip for the series who died in an automobile accident in December, eight weeks before the episode aired. Plot When Deep Space Nine picks up a mysterious coded message from inside the Gamma Quadrant that appears to be Cardassian, exiled Cardassian spy Garak is asked to analyze it. He told everyone that the message was a harmless report from years ago, but Dr. Bashir sees through his lie when Garak tried to sneak away on a ship. He reveals that the message is a distress call from his mentor Enabran Tain, who was believed to have been killed in an ill-fated Cardassian attack on the Dominion two years prior. Garak convinces Captain Sisko to allow him to travel to the Gamma Quadrant, accompanied by Lt. Cmdr. Worf, to search for Tain and other possible survivors from Dominion attacks. Soon after entering Dominion space, they wind up in the midst of the Dominion fleet. Worf realizes that the fleet must be assembled to invade the Alpha Quadrant. He sends a warning message to DS9 just before Jem'Hadar soldiers take him and Garak prisoner. Back on DS9, the crew receives Worf's message and realize the Dominion is coming. With reinforcements at least two days away and only disgraced Cardassian officer Dukat (on the station due to a confrontation with a Klingon battle cruiser) on hand to help out, Sisko sees only one choice—sealing the wormhole, trapping Worf and Garak on the other side if they cannot return before the operation is completed. Worf and Garak are taken to a Dominion detention center. Tain is there, on his deathbed; instead of being thankful to Garak for coming, Tain chastises him for allowing himself to be taken prisoner. Also among the fellow prisoners are the Klingon general Martok, and, to Garak and Worf's surprise, Dr. Julian Bashir—meaning that the Bashir back at DS9 is a Changeling impostor. As his last request, Tain makes Garak promise to escape. Desperate for a kind word from his mentor before the old man passes on, Garak makes a request in return: that Tain acknowledge him as his son. Tain does so, and father and son share a memory before Tain dies peacefully. His mission complete, Garak is ready to find a way out. On Deep Space Nine, the crew shoots a particle beam at the wormhole, intending to close it. However, something goes wrong. The emitter array has been sabotaged, and the wormhole remains open, allowing a fleet of Dominion warships to begin pouring through. Reception Zach Handlen of The A.V. Club said this was a good cliffhanger but that "it's hard to really say how any of this fits together before we get to next week's second half." He found some of the setup and character scenes dragged and were a little frustrating at times, but appreciated how the episode brought things into greater focus. In 2015, Geek.com recommended this episode as "essential watching" for their abbreviated Star Trek: Deep Space Nine binge-watching guide. In 2018, CBR rated "In Purgatory's Shadow" paired with "By Inferno's Light", as the 9th best multi-episode story arc of all of Star Trek. Nerdist included this episode in their binge-watching guide for the Dominion War saga of this series. In 2020, Doux Reviews said "In Purgatory's Shadow" was "one of the best-written episodes of Deep Space Nine" and had a great cliffhanger ending. In 2020, The Digital Fix ranked "In Purgatory's Shadow" and "By Inferno's Light" as the fourth best episode(s) of Deep Space Nine. They call the episodes an "epic two-parter" that took the show's "long-running narrative to another level" and praised the various plot lines and reveals. Continuity In 2019, Nerdist recommended starting with this episode as part of a story arc that covers the start of the Dominion War. They named a selection of episodes concluding with "Sacrifice of Angels", the 6th episode of season six. The episodes they recommended for this story arc included: "In Purgatory's Shadow" "By Inferno's Light" "Call to Arms" "A Time to Stand" "Rocks and Shoals" "Sons and Daughters" "Behind the Lines" "Favor the Bold" "Sacrifice of Angels" References External links Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (season 5) episodes 1997 American television episodes Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episodes in multiple parts

5395834

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Elton

David Elton

David Elton is Professor Emeritus of political science at the University of Lethbridge, and past President of Max Bell Foundation. Elton taught at the University of Lethbridge for over thirty years. In 1980 Dr. Elton began working as President of the Canada West Foundation (CWF), and served as President until 1997. During Elton's tenure, CWF research topics included institutional reform and citizens' engagement. In 1997 Elton was appointed as President of the Max Bell Foundation, a charitable granting philanthropic organization. Elton was the keynote speaker at the 2006 Mel Smith Lecture at Trinity Western University. In June 2014, Elton was named a Member of the Order of Canada for dedicating his academic life to political reform, most especially senate reform. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people University of Lethbridge faculty Canadian political scientists Members of the Order of Canada

5395835

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Vogler

Christopher Vogler

Christopher Vogler (born 1949) is a Hollywood development executive, screenwriter, author and educator, best known for working with Disney and his screenwriting guide, The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure For Writers, from 2007. Early life and education Born in Missouri, Vogler studied filmmaking at the USC School of Cinema-Television, the alma mater of George Lucas. Career Vogler has worked for Disney studios, Fox 2000 pictures, and Warner Bros. in the development department. He contributed story material to the Disney animated feature The Lion King. He has also taught in the USC School of Cinema-Television, Division of Animation and Digital Arts as well as at UCLA extension. He is President of the company Storytech Literary Consulting. It was founded in 1999 and its Vice President, Brad Schreiber, consults on scripts and books, using Vogler's approach. Campbell and Writer's Journey Vogler, like Lucas, was inspired by the writings of mythologist Joseph Campbell, particularly The Hero with a Thousand Faces, which detailed the Hero's Journey archetype in classical mythology. Vogler used Campbell's work to create a 7-page company memo for Hollywood screenwriters, A Practical Guide to The Hero with a Thousand Faces, which Vogler later developed into The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Storytellers and Screenwriters in 1992, and then The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure For Writers (). Vogler has since spun off his techniques into worldwide masterclasses. References External links American film studio executives Living people USC School of Cinematic Arts alumni 1949 births American male screenwriters Screenwriting instructors American male non-fiction writers Warner Bros. people Writers of books about writing fiction

5395837

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet%20phraseology

Soviet phraseology

Soviet phraseology, or Sovietisms, i.e., the neologisms and cliches in Russian language of the epoch of the Soviet Union, has a number of distinct traits that reflect the Soviet way of life and Soviet culture and politics. Most of these distinctions are ultimately traced (directly or indirectly, as a cause-effect chain) to the utopic goal of creating a new society, the ways of the implementation of this goal and what was actually implemented. The topic of this article is not limited to the Russian language, since this phraseology permeated all national languages in the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, Russian was the language of inter-nationality communication in the Soviet Union, and was declared official language of the state in 1990, therefore it was the major source of Soviet phraseology. Taxonomy The following main types of Sovietism coinage may be recognized: Semantic shift: for example, "to throw out" acquired the colloquial meaning of "to put goods for sale". In the circumstances of total consumer goods shortage, putting some goods on shelves had a character of certain suddenness, captured in the expression. "Ivan, grab your avoska, oranges have been thrown out down on the corner!" — it was not that someone jettisoned oranges; rather a makeshift stall was set up in the street to sell oranges. Intentional word coinage for new elements arisen in the Soviet/Socialist world, often as abbreviations and acronyms: Gosplan, KGB, gulag, kombed, agitprop, etc. Colloquial word coinage: khrushchovka, psikhushka Stylistic cliches: "forever alive" (about Vladimir Lenin), "laboring intelligentsia", to distinguish "good" intelligentsia from "bad" intelligentsia of the past, etc. Political and ideological slogans Soviet people saw everyday everywhere. Often they were exploited in Russian political jokes. For example, the formula "The Party is Intellect, Honor, and Conscience of our Epoch" was mathematically transformed into "Intellect is party minus honor minus conscience of our epoch." Quite a few pejorative terms were standardized for numerous enemies of the people and other anti-Soviet subjects: "sharks of imperialism", "rootless cosmopolitans". "The whore of capitalism" was an epithet for genetics. Beginnings An initial surge of intentional word coinage appeared immediately after the October Revolution. The declared goal of Bolshevik was "to abolish the capitalist state with all its means of oppression". At the same time, the instruments of the state were objectively, necessary, and they did exist, only under new names. The most notable example is People's Commissar/People's Commissariat which corresponded to minister/ministry (and in fact the latter terms were restored in 1946). Soviet political humor Ben Lewis wrote in his essay, book, and film (all titled Hammer & Tickle) that "Communism was a humour-producing machine. Its economic theories and system of repression created inherently funny situations. There were jokes under fascism and the Nazis too, but those systems did not create an absurd, laugh-a-minute reality like communism." Soviet people coined irreverent definitions for their leaders. "Mineralny sekretar" was a nickname for President Mikhail Gorbachev (due to his anti-alcohol campaign). "Kukuruznik" (from kukuruza, maize) referred to Nikita Khrushchev. See also New Soviet names Thought reform in the People's Republic of China LTI – Lingua Tertii Imperii, a book that studies the way that Nazi propaganda altered the German language References Further reading "Soviet Language", BBC Russian Service, October 11, 2005 Soviet culture Historical linguistics

5395841

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stained%20Glass%20Arts%20and%20Fine%20Arts%20College

Stained Glass Arts and Fine Arts College

Stained Glass Arts and Fine Arts College (French: L'Ecole de Vitrail et de Création) is a school in Monthey, Switzerland offering instruction leading to a Glass Craftsman diploma. External links Stained Glass Arts and Fine Arts College Website Art schools in Switzerland Organisations based in Monthey Stained glass

5395844

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tittleshall

Tittleshall

Tittleshall is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. Location The village and parish of Tittleshall has an area of 1376 hectares or . The parish is bordered to the north with the parishes of Raynham and Colkirk, to the west with Wellingham All Saints, to the south with the parishes of Litcham and Mileham and to the east with the parishes Whissonsett. The western edge of the parish also marks the border between the local government districts of Breckland, of which Tittleshall is part, and the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk. The Village is situated approximately south-west of the town of Fakenham, north-east of the town of Swaffham, and north-west of the city of Norwich. Population In the 2011 census had a population of 406 in 161 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of Breckland. History The village name of Tittleshall is thought to derive from the Old English for Tyttel’s nook. The earliest evidence of human activity within the parish are a number of Neolithic pits and ditches as well as a prehistoric pit. At least three ring ditches have also been discovered, along with a double ring ditch containing cremation pits. The Domesday Book Tillleshall has an entry in the Domesday Book of 1086 where its population, land ownership and productive resources were extensively detailed. In the survey Tittleshall is recorded by the name of Titeshala. The main tenants were Wymer from William de Warenne, and Ralph Sturmy from Ralph Baynard. The survey also lists that for the Wymer tenancy, there had always been 7 smallholders on this land. Meadow , always 3½ ploughs, woodland, 40 pigs and 1 fishery. Value then 20s, now 30. For Ralph Sturmy’s tenancy there were 12 villagers, now 8. Then and later 4 smallholders, now 14. Then and later 6 slaves, now 2. Meadow , always 2 ploughs in lordship. Then and later 4 men’s ploughs, now 2. Woodland, 100 pigs; always 1 mill. Then 6 head of cattle. Then 30 pigs, now 19. Then 100 sheep, now 80. Then 40 goats, now 73. 4 beehives. Also 1 Freeman, acres . Value then 70s, now the same. Also 1 church, acres , value 5d. The whole has 9 furlongs in length and ½ league in width, tax 5d. Tittleshall Murder In 1853 the village was he scene of the murder of Lorenz Beha by William Thomson. Notable buildings Parish church of Saint Mary The parish church of Saint Mary has a nave built in the perpendicular style which is illuminated with transomed windows. There is a canonical sundial on the south wall. The chancel and west tower are in the decorated style. The chancel has a large Decorated five-light window with reticulated tracery, and there is an elaborately moulded tower arch on the west tower. The church has a Kingpost roof. The church was used over many years by members of the Coke family who had bought the Tittleshall manor following the reformation, as part of their expansion of the Holkham Estate. Saint Mary’s was chosen as the final resting place for many of the Coke family during the post medieval period. There are a number of Coke family monuments at Saint Mary’s dating from 1598 up unto the building of the family mausoleum at Holkham in the 1870s, including memorials to Edward Coke and to his first wife Bridget Paston. On the west wall of the nave there is an old Tittleshall School honours board which bears the names of eighteen children who passed scholarships to grammar school during the first sixty years of the twentieth century. Several of these names also appear on the war memorial. Notable residents Edward Coke, English jurist and Member of Parliament whose writings on the common law were the definitive legal texts for nearly 150 years William Hoste, Royal Navy captain during the Napoleonic Wars E. W. Bullinger, noted and controversial Anglican scholar, served as parish curate in Tittleshall from 1863–1866. Reginald Digby (1867–1927), cricketer; born at Tittleshall Benjamin Whatley, Lance Corporal of 42 Commando Royal Marines, who was killed in Afghanistan on 24 December 2008. Notes External links http://www.tittleshall.com Information from Genuki Norfolk on Tittleshall. Villages in Norfolk Civil parishes in Norfolk Breckland District

5395851

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Hill%20%28golfer%29

Dave Hill (golfer)

James David Hill (May 20, 1937 – September 27, 2011) was an American professional golfer. He was the brother of Mike Hill who was also a professional golfer. Professional career Hill was born in Jackson, Michigan. He attended the University of Detroit, where he played on the golf team. Hill won 13 times on the PGA Tour, three of which came during his career year of 1969, when he also won the Vardon Trophy for lowest scoring average. He was a member of the United States Ryder Cup team in 1969, 1973, and 1977. Hill was known for his quick wit and biting sarcasm, and was sometimes referred to as "the Don Rickles of the golf tour". He frequently led the tour in fines and was once suspended for two months after he deliberately broke his putter on national television. At the 1966 Thunderbird Classic, Hill signed his second round scorecard that included a score of 108 on the 18th hole. Hill played in the acrimonious 1969 Ryder Cup that ended in a 16-16 tie when Jack Nicklaus made his famous "concession" of a short but missable putt to Tony Jacklin on the 18th green in the final match. In 1970, Hill had his best finish in a major championship. He finished in solo second place at the 1970 U.S. Open played at Hazeltine National Golf Club in Minnesota. In 1987, Hill joined the Senior PGA Tour (now the Champions Tour). He won six tournaments on that tour. Hill had a cameo appearance in the movie, Now You See Him, Now You Don't. Controversies Hill finished runner-up at the 1970 U.S. Open. What gained him the most notoriety, though, was not his excellent play but his criticisms of the golf course. In the middle of the championship, before the third round, Hill was fined $150 by Joe Dey Jr., commissioner of the Tournament Players Division of the PGA of America, for "criticism that tends to ridicule and demean the club". When first asked what he thought of the golf course, he said "I'm still looking for it". When asked what Hazeltine needed, he retorted, "Hazeltine really did lack only 80 acres of corn and a few cows. They ruined a good farm when they built this course". Hill was far from alone among the pros in his criticism of Hazeltine, which had to be extensively redesigned before getting a chance to host another men's major, again the U.S. Open, in 1991. Afterward, Hill claimed to have paid a farmer cash to borrow his tractor. If he had won the 1970 U.S. Open, Hill planned to ride the tractor out onto the golf course as he hoisted the trophy. Another controversy involving Hill started in 1971. At the 1971 Colonial National Invitation, Hill shot rounds of 77-85 to miss the cut. On his last hole, Hill threw a ball out of a sand trap. Hill was disqualified but it was for his signing a scorecard with an incorrect score on it. When Hill went to play in his next tournament, the Danny Thomas Memphis Classic, Hill was told he was being fined $500 for conduct unbecoming a professional golfer. Hill was required to pay the fine before teeing it up in the tournament. He did so but less than a week later, Hill filed a one-million dollar anti-trust suit against the PGA Tour. In response, the tour put Hill on probation for one year. Hill then increased the amount of damages he was seeking to three-million dollars. The litigation was resolved out of court in less than a year and Hill was taken off probation. Late in 1971 Hill played some events in Australia. He had a "series of verbal clashes" with Australian golfer Peter Thomson at the Wills Masters. The following week Hill and Thomson played the Australian Open and were paired together in the first round. The "cold war" between the two players continued as neither offered to shake the other man's hand at the beginning of the round. Through the round both did not communicate much to each other but did occasionally congratulate the other golfer when he hit a good shot. At the 1991 Transamerica Senior Golf Championship, Hill got into a fight on the driving range with J. C. Snead. Snead was hitting shots across the range, the balls rolling near a spot where Hill was practicing. Hill yelled at Snead, then grabbed a club and came after his much bigger adversary. After punching and wrestling their way to the ground, they were separated by other players and caddies. Personal life Hill died on September 27, 2011 in Jackson, Michigan after spending the last few years of his life battling emphysema. Professional wins (24) PGA Tour wins (13) PGA Tour playoff record (4–2) Other wins (5) this list may be incomplete 1959 Michigan Open 1971 Colorado Open 1976 Colorado Open 1977 Colorado Open 1981 Colorado Open Senior PGA Tour wins (6) *Note: The 1988 MONY Senior Tournament of Champions was shortened to 54 holes due to weather. Senior PGA Tour playoff record (1–1) Other senior wins (1) 1988 Mazda Champions (with Colleen Walker) Results in major championships CUT = missed the half-way cut (3rd round cut in 1964 PGA Championship) WD = withdrew "T" indicates a tie for a place Summary Most consecutive cuts made – 1 (1966 U.S. Open – 1971 Masters) Longest streak of top-10s – 3 (1974 PGA – 1975 PGA) Team appearances Ryder Cup: 1969 (tied, cup retained), 1973 (winners), 1977 (winners) References External links American male golfers PGA Tour golfers PGA Tour Champions golfers Ryder Cup competitors for the United States Golfers from Michigan University of Detroit Mercy alumni American memoirists Sportspeople from Jackson, Michigan 1937 births 2011 deaths

5395853

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantastic%20Four%202099

Fantastic Four 2099

Fantastic Four 2099 was a comic book series published by Marvel Comics, featuring the adventures of the Fantastic Four in the alternate future of Marvel 2099 (Earth-928). It ran for eight issues in 1996. Plot In the year 2099, Mister Fantastic, the Invisible Woman, the Human Torch, and the Thing find themselves in new uniforms and transported to a very different Negative Zone than the one they knew. Returning home, they find the world changed and S.H.I.E.L.D. soldiers chasing after them as laboratory copies of the original Fantastic Four. During a fight with a repo-man crew named Total Recall, a church dedicated to the worship of the 22nd century’s Thor is destroyed and the FF escape with an injured Human Torch to an abandoned S.H.I.E.L.D. hideout. They discover, through the repo-men, that the corporation Stark-Fujikawa is claiming them as "experimental subjects". They head to an Alchemax facility to prove their originality. The four encounter the new century's Spider-Man. He helps Reed study the group's DNA. Unfortunately, due to the nature of the 2099 technology, the results were inconclusive, leaving their legitimacy in question. They then break into their old headquarters at Four Freedoms Plaza with the help of their friend, Chimera, who came back with them from the Negative Zone. Before they can return to the Negative Zone to find a way home, they are attacked by a man named River Styx, the demon brother of Chimera, as well as a group of S.H.I.E.L.D. soldiers. In the course of the battle the Negative Zone door is damaged, causing a dimensional 'meltdown'. Rampaging beasts called the Mindless Ones attack, until they are destroyed by the 22nd century Doctor Strange. Strange then leaps into the future to warn the denizens of Earth of the approaching end of the world. A planetoid is headed to Earth, causing the polar ice caps to melt. This is caused by the Phalanx, an act which covers most of the Earth in water. The Fantastic Four set up headquarters in their old building to help the Earth’s future inhabitants. The Human Torch heads out to investigate the flooding, but is ambushed and captured by the Atlanteans and their leader, Attuma. The Invisible Woman and the Thing rush to his rescue, getting themselves captured as well. They find themselves caught in the middle of a fight between Attuma and the rightful ruler of Atlantis, the mutant Whisper, a former guardian of X-Nation. Despite chemical brainwashing, the three heroes help Whisper take her rightful place on the throne. Back in the city, Reed and the future Doctor Doom work with the remaining survivors. While fleeing the city towards the Savage Land, the only place on Earth free from flooding, a fleet of Atlantean ships attacks the remaining humans. The human fleet is saved from destruction by the interference of Doom’s Latverian Luftwaffe, and finally by Whisper, as she asserts her newfound control. Savage Land The Fantastic Four, along with the last refugees of Earth, finally settle in the Savage Land to rebuild humanity. Their next step is to send out a ship piloted by the Thing, and crewed by Father Jennifer and the mutants December, Twilight and Smith. The goal is to rendezvous with the human colony on Mars, in order to establish relations and ask for help. Cosmic rays cause the ship to crash. Back on Earth, Johnny and Susan despair as Reed drives himself to exhaustion to establish a technological infrastructure for the remaining humans. All three grieve for Ben's presumed loss, but Reed takes it the worst, actually hallucinating at one point that Metalhead is Ben. Sue and Johnny confront Reed, who states his intention to stay in the 2099 era. They leave him behind. Reed accomplishes his goal, creating a repository of knowledge for the last of humanity. Shocked back to sanity by the databank's physical resemblance to his son Franklin, Reed races back to Four Freedoms Plaza just in time to join Johnny and Sue. They vanish into the Negative Zone, destination uncertain. The mutants later return to Earth with Martian aliens and resources in an attempt to help the survivors. Later is shown this team was copies made by the powerful Watcher to help 2099 humanity which is in danger of extinction. The Watcher is persuaded to keep the current Fantastic Four around and they prove invaluable to rebuilding Earth. Some of the highlights of their careers including becoming official Avengers, removing a barrier to space exploration and establishing a peace treaty with Atlanteans. References 1996 comics debuts Marvel 2099 characters

5395855

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland%20at%20the%20Olympics

Ireland at the Olympics

A team representing just Ireland has competed at the Summer Olympic Games since 1924, and at the Winter Olympic Games since 1992. The Olympic Federation of Ireland (OFI) was formed in 1922 during the provisional administration prior to the formal establishment of the Irish Free State. The OFI affiliated to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in time for the Paris games. For many sports, the team represents the entire island of Ireland, which comprises both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (part of the United Kingdom). From the first modern-era games in 1896 until the 1920 games, Ireland was represented by the Great Britain and Ireland team. To date, the highest number of medals won at an Olympiad is six, at the 2012 London games. The highest number of golds is three, at the 1996 Atlanta games, when Michelle Smith won all of Ireland's medals. Boxing however is by far Ireland's most successful sport at the games, accounting for more than 50% of the medals won. Medal tables Medals by Summer Games Medals by Winter Games As of 2021, Ireland's best result at the Winter Games has been fourth, by Clifton Wrottesley in the Men's Skeleton at the 2002 Games in Salt Lake City. Medals by summer sport List of medallists The following tables include medals won by athletes on OCI teams. All medals have been won at Summer Games. Ireland's best result at the Winter Games has been fourth, by Clifton Wrottesley in the Men's Skeleton at the 2002 Games in Salt Lake City. Some athletes have won medals representing other countries, which are not included on these tables. Medallists Doping Awarded: Robert Heffernan finished fourth in the 2012 men's 50 kilometres walk won by Sergey Kirdyapkin. On 24 March 2016, the Court of Arbitration for Sport disqualified all Kirdyapkin's competitive results from 20 August 2009 to 15 October 2012. Heffernan was upgraded to third, and formally presented with a bronze medal in November 2016. Stripped: Cian O'Connor received the gold medal in the 2004 individual showjumping, but was formally stripped of it in July 2005 because his horse failed the post-event doping test. Banned but not stripped: Michelle Smith was banned from competitive swimming for four years by FINA two years after the 1996 Summer Olympics, for tampering with her urine sample using alcohol. She appealed the decision to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). FINA submitted evidence from Jordi Segura, head of the IOC-accredited laboratory in Barcelona, that said she took androstenedione, a metabolic precursor of testosterone, in the previous 10-to-12 hours before being tested. Smith denied this and androstenedione was not a banned substance. The CAS upheld the ban. She was 28 at the time, and the ban effectively ended her competitive swimming career. Smith was not stripped of her Olympic medals, as she had never tested positive for any banned substances. Her coach and husband, Erik De Bruin, previously served a four-year ban for using illegal drugs during his career as a discus thrower. Medallists in art competitions Art competitions were held from 1912 to 1948. Irish entries first appeared in 1924, when they won two medals; a third was won in the 1948 competition. Before independence Prior to 1922, Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland: thus, competitors at earlier Games who were born and living in Ireland are counted as British in Olympic statistics. At early Olympics, Irish-born athletes also won numerous medals for the United States and Canada, notably the "Irish Whales" in throwing events. The Irish Amateur Athletic Association was invited to the inaugural International Olympic Committee meeting in 1894, and may have been invited to the 1896 games: it has also been claimed the Gaelic Athletic Association was invited. In the event, neither participated. Prior to the 1906 Intercalated Games, National Olympic Committees (NOCs) were generally non-existent, and athletes could enter the Olympics individually. John Pius Boland, who won gold in two tennis events in 1896, is now listed as "IRL/GBR". Boland's daughter later claimed that he had objected when the Union Jack was raised to mark his first triumph, vehemently pointing out that Ireland had a flag of its own; following this, the organisers apologised and agreed to prepare an Irish flag. While Kevin MacCarthy is sceptical of this story, by 1906, Boland was crediting his medals to Ireland. Tom Kiely, who won the "all-around" athletics competition at the 1904 Olympics in St Louis is also listed as competing for Great Britain. He had raised funds in counties Tipperary and Waterford to travel independently and compete for Ireland. Frank Zarnowski does not regard the 1904 event as part of the Olympic competition, and also doubts the story that Kiely had refused offers by both the English Amateur Athletic Association (AAA) and the New York Athletic Club to pay his fare and cover his travel expenses so he could compete for them. Peter Lovesey disagrees with Zarnowski. The British Olympic Association (BOA) was formed in 1905, and Irish athletes were accredited to the BOA team from the 1906 Games onwards. Whereas Pierre de Coubertin had recognised teams from Bohemia and Finland separately from their respective imperial powers, Austria and Russia, he was unwilling to make any similar distinction for Ireland, either because it lacked a National Olympic Committee, or for fear of offending Britain. At the 1906 Games, both Peter O'Connor and Con Leahy objected when the British flag was raised at their victory ceremony, and O'Connor raised a green Irish flag in defiance of the organisers.<ref>{{cite journal|date=15 February 2008 |title=This Flag Dips for No Earthly King': The Mysterious Origins of an American Myth'|journal=International Journal of the History of Sport|publisher=Routledge|volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=142–162 |doi=10.1080/09523360701740299|s2cid=216151041}}</ref> At the 1908 Games in London, there were multiple BOA entries in several team events, including two representing Ireland. In the hockey tournament, the Irish team finished second, behind England and ahead of Scotland and Wales. The Irish polo team also finished joint second in the three-team tournament, despite losing to one of two English teams in its only match. At the 1912 Olympics, and despite objections from other countries, the BOA entered three teams in the cycling events, one from each of the separate English, Scottish and Irish governing bodies for the sport. The Irish team came 11th in the team time trial. The organisers had proposed a similar division in the football tournament, but the BOA declined. A 1913 list of 35 countries to be invited to the 1916 Olympics included Ireland separately from Great Britain; similarly, Finland and Hungary were to be separate from Russia and Austria, although Bohemia was not listed. A newspaper report of the 1914 Olympic Congress says it endorsed a controversial German Olympic Committee proposal that "now—contrary to the hitherto existing practice—only political nations may participate as teams in the Olympic Games", with the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" among these "political nations". However, the games were cancelled due to the First World War. After the war, John J. Keane attempted to unite various sports associations under an Irish Olympic Committee. Many sports had rival bodies, one Unionist and affiliated to a United Kingdom parent, the other Republican and opposed to any link with Great Britain. Keane proposed that a separate Irish delegation, marching under the Union Flag, should participate at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp. At the time the Irish War of Independence was under way, and the IOC rejected Keane's proposal, pending the settlement of the underlying political situation. Political issues The OCI has always used the name "Ireland", and has claimed to represent the entire island of Ireland, even though Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom. These points have been contentious, particularly from the 1930s to the 1950s in athletics, and until the 1970s in cycling. Northern Ireland The governing bodies in the island of Ireland of many sports had been established prior to the 1922 partition, and most have remained as single all-island bodies since then. Recognition of the Irish border was politically contentious and unpopular with Irish nationalists. The National Athletic and Cycling Association (Ireland), or NACA(I), was formed in 1922 by the merger of rival all-island associations, and affiliated to both the International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF) and Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). When Northern Ireland athletes were selected for the 1928 games, the possibility was raised of using an "all-Ireland banner" as the team flag, rather than the Irish tricolour which unionists disavowed. J. J. Keane stated that it was too late to change the flag registered with the IOC, but was hopeful that the coat of arms of Ireland would be adopted afterwards. In 1925, some Northern Ireland athletics clubs left NACA(I) and in 1930 formed the Northern Ireland Amateur Athletics Association, which later formed the British Athletic Federation (BAF) with the English and Scottish Amateur Athletics Associations. The BAF then replaced the (English) AAA as Britain's member of the IAAF, and moved that all members should be delimited by political boundaries. This was not agreed in time for the 1932 Summer Olympics —at which two NACA(I) athletes won gold medals for Ireland— but was agreed at the IAAF's 1934 congress. The NACA(I) refused to comply and was suspended in 1935, thus missing the 1936 Berlin Olympics. The OCI decided to boycott the Games completely in protest. The UCI likewise suspended the NACA(I) for refusing to confine itself to the Irish Free State. The athletics and cycling wings of the NACA(I) split into two all-island bodies, and separate Irish Free State bodies split from each and secured affiliation to the IAAF and UCI. These splits were not fully resolved until the 1990s. The "partitionist" Amateur Athletic Union of Éire (AAUE) affiliated to the IAAF, but the all-Ireland NACA(I) remained affiliated to the OCI. The IOC allowed AAUÉ athletes to compete for Ireland at the 1948 London Olympics, but the rest of the OCI delegation shunned them. At that games, two swimmers from Northern Ireland were prevented from competing in the OCI team. This was a FINA ruling rather than an IOC rule; Danny Taylor from Belfast was allowed by FISA to compete in the rowing. The entire swimming squad withdrew, but the rest of the team competed. Some athletes born in what had become the Republic of Ireland continued to compete for the British team. In 1952, new IOC President Avery Brundage and new OCI delegate Lord Killanin agreed that people from Northern Ireland would in future be allowed to compete in any sport on the OCI team. In Irish nationality law, birth in Northern Ireland grants a citizenship entitlement similar to birth within the Republic of Ireland itself. In 1956, Killanin stated that both the OCI and the BOA "quite rightly" judged eligibility based on citizenship laws. UCI and IAAF affiliated bodies were subsequently affiliated to the OCI, thus regularising the position of Irish competitors in those sports at the Olympics. Members of the all-Ireland National Cycling Association (NCA) with Irish Republican sympathies twice interfered with the Olympic road race in protest against the UCI-affiliated Irish Cycling Federation (ICF). In 1956, three members caused a 13-minute delay at the start. Seven were arrested in 1972; three had delayed the start and the other four joined mid-race to ambush ICF competitor Noel Taggart, causing a minor pileup. This happened days after the murders of Israeli athletes and at the height of the Troubles in Northern Ireland; the negative publicity helped precipitate an end to the NCA–ICF feud. The Irish Hockey Union joined the OCI in 1949, and the Ireland team in non-Olympic competitions is selected on an all-island basis. Until 1992 the IHU was not invited to the Olympic hockey tournament, while Northern Irish hockey players like Stephen Martin played on the British Olympic men's team. In 1992, invitation was replaced by an Olympic qualifying tournament, which the IHU/IHA has entered, despite some opposition from Northern Irish members. Northern Irish players can play for Ireland or Britain, and can switch affiliation subject to International Hockey Federation clearance. The Irish Ladies Hockey Union has entered the Olympics since 1984, and in 1980 suspended Northern Irish players who elected to play for the British women's team. Through to the 1960s, Ireland was represented in showjumping only by members of the Irish Army Equitation School, as the all-island civilian equestrian governing body was unwilling to compete under the Republic's flag and anthem. In November 2003, the OCI discovered that the British Olympic Association (BOA) had been using Northern Ireland in the text of its "Team Members Agreement" document since the 2002 Games. Its objection was made public in January 2004. The BOA responded that "Unbeknown to each other both the OCI and BOA have constitutions approved by the IOC acknowledging territorial responsibility for Northern Ireland", the BOA constitution dating from 1981. OCI president Pat Hickey claimed the IOC's copy of the BOA constitution had "question marks" against mentions of Northern Ireland (and Gibraltar); an IOC spokesperson said "Through an error we have given both national Olympic committees rights over the same area." The 2012 Games host was to be selected in July 2004 and so, to prevent the dispute harming the London bid, its director Barbara Cassani and the Blair government secured agreement by which Northern Ireland was removed from BOA documents and marketing materials. Northern Ireland athletes retain the right to compete for Britain. In October 2004, Lord McIntosh of Haringey told the House of Lords: By contrast, OCI officers Pat Hickey and Dermot Sherlock told an Oireachtas committee in 2008: Hickey also said: In 2012, Stephen Martin, who has been an executive at both the OCI and the BOA, said "Team GB is a brand name. Just like Team Ireland. The British and Irish Olympic committees are seen by the International Olympic Committees as having joint rights over Northern Ireland." In 2009, rugby sevens was added to the Olympic programme starting in 2016. While World Rugby states players from Northern Ireland are eligible to compete on the Great Britain team, the Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU) director of rugby said in 2011 that "with the agreement of the [English, Scottish, and Welsh] unions" the "de facto position" was that Northern Ireland players must represent an IRFU team. In 2010 The Daily Telegraph'' opined that the IRFU would be entitled to refuse to release players under contract to it, but not to prohibit Northern Ireland players based outside Ireland; but that the issue needed to be handled "with extreme sensitivity". Name of the country The OFI sees itself as representing the island rather than the state, and hence uses the name "Ireland". It changed its own name from "Irish Olympic Council" to "Olympic Council of Ireland" in 1952 to reinforce this point. (The change from "Council" to "Federation" was a 2018 rebranding after the 2016 ticketing controversy.) At the time, Lord Killanin had become OCI President and delegate to the IOC, and was trying to reverse the IOC's policy of referring to the OCI's team by using an appellation of the state rather than the island. While the name "Ireland" had been unproblematic at the 1924 and 1928 Games, after 1930, the IOC sometimes used "Irish Free State". IOC President Henri de Baillet-Latour supported the principle of delimitation by political borders. At the 1932 Games, Eoin O'Duffy persuaded the Organisers to switch from "Irish Free State" to "Ireland" shortly before the Opening Ceremony. After the 1937 Constitution took effect, the IOC switched to "Eire"; this conformed to British practice, although within the state's name in English was "Ireland". At the opening ceremony of the 1948 Summer Olympics, teams marched in alphabetical order of their country's name in English; the OCI team was told to move from the I's to the E's. After the Republic of Ireland Act came into effect in 1949, British policy was to use "Republic of Ireland" rather than "Eire". In 1951, the IOC made the same switch at its Vienna conference, after IOC member Lord Burghley had consulted the British Foreign Office. An OCI request to change this to "Ireland" was rejected in 1952, In late 1955 Brundage ruled that "Ireland" would be the official IOC name, and Lewis Luxton of the Organising Committee for the 1956 Melbourne Games said that "Ireland" would be used on scoreboards and programmes. The OCI had argued that this was the name in the state's own Constitution, and that all the OCI's affiliated sports except the Football Association of Ireland were all-island bodies. However, in the buildup to the Games, Lord Burghley (now Marquess of Exeter) protested at the IOC decision and insisted that the athletics events would use the IAAF name of "Eire". On the first day of athletics, "Ireland" (code "IRE") was used, but from the second day it changed to "Eire"/"EIR". See also List of flag bearers for Ireland at the Olympics :Category:Olympic competitors for Ireland Ireland at the Paralympics Ireland at the British Empire Games 2016 Summer Olympics ticket scandal References Sources Notes External links

5395870

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost%20Rider%202099

Ghost Rider 2099

Ghost Rider 2099 is a comic book series that was published by Marvel Comics, under the Marvel 2099 imprint, from 1994 to 1996. The series is set in the year 2099, in a dystopian possible future of the Marvel Universe, and features Kenshiro "Zero" Cochrane, a hacker who was killed but resurrected as the Ghost Rider — his mind controlling a powerful and well-armed robot. As with most of the Marvel 2099 titles, the protagonist was a futuristic version of a commercially successful Marvel Universe character. The series was heavily influenced by cyberpunk science fiction. Publication history The Ghost Rider 2099 series was not one of the initial titles launched for the 2099 imprint and contained few direct crossovers with the other titles. The series ran for 25 issues, ending in May 1996. The title character's story was concluded in the final issue, but Zero Cochrane did reappear as an important character in the final 2099 story in the one-shot 2099: Manifest Destiny. Fictional character biography Hacker Kenshiro "Zero" Cochrane was shot and facing death in Transverse City after being hunted down for stealing information from the D/Monix corporation. As the poison from a flechette coursed through his body, Zero downloaded his mind into cyberspace, thus blocking access to the knowledge he had stolen from his enemies. Cochrane's mind is discovered by the artificial intelligence dwelling in a hidden section of cyberspace known as the Ghostworks. The Ghostworks ask Zero to be their avatar in the real world, feeling his brash and rebellious attitude will make him the ideal candidate. Cochrane accepts and is downloaded into a robotic Cybertek 101 body. Due to his similarity to the 20th-century superhero, the robot becomes known as the Ghost Rider. The Ghost Rider proceeds to avenge his own death and struggles against the plans of the D/Monix corporation, which leads to a confrontation with Zero's father, Harrison Cochrane. A loyal corporate servant, Harrison indirectly (but intentionally) caused his son's death. Zero eventually evolves to become the entirety of humanity's communications network. Unresolved plotlines The series ends with the artificial intelligence L-Cypher free and undetected. Although his enemies believe that he has been destroyed, L-Cypher has been downloaded into a stolen human body and is planning his revenge. Heartbreaker's origin is never revealed. The Ghost Rider plays no part in the subsequent 2099: World of Tomorrow series, although the last scene of the final issue does show a D/MONIX diver exploring the flooded ruins of Transverse City, recovering what he apparently believes to be an inert Ghost Rider. The Ghost Rider itself is not pictured, however. 2099: World of Tomorrow was the final Marvel 2099 series and was canceled abruptly, leaving this plotline unresolved and unexplained. At least one issue of the series was unpublished. Titled "Daddy Dearest", the issue was written by Scott Andrews and penciled by Max Douglas. After the 2099 line was canceled, there was no prospect of the issue ever being published. Scott put the final lettered black-and-white version up on his website as part of his portfolio. Other versions Zero Cochrane helps the Wolverine of the modern age explore and travel through a new and different world of 2099 in order to gain the knowledge of both time periods to keep them from merging into each other. As part of this, Zero confronts and fights Doctor Doom, Spider-Man, Cerebra and the Iron Patriot. During Secret Wars event (2015), Zero Cochrane appears in Ghost Racers mini-series. Powers, abilities, and equipment Ghost Rider 2099 is a Cybertek 101 robot. The reinforced carbon-steel silicon composite robotic body gave Ghost Rider superhuman strength, endurance, and durability. Both hands were capable of transforming, the right hand into a ceramic graphite composite bladed chainsaw that blasted bursts of energy; and the left hand into a polymimetic nanometer alloy claw, able to cut on a submolecular level. The robot also possessed a stealth system rendering Ghost Rider invisible to detection by both electronic systems and the naked eye; in addition, it possesses a "solid gram" camouflage system that could allow him to mimic the appearance of any individual (including Zero Cochrane), and create the illusion of his head being engulfed in flames. The robot also had optic lasers and was capable of self-repairing. During the series, the robot body needs to be recharged on a relatively regular basis, especially after draining power to operate its weapons systems (in several stories this is used as a dramatic device, with the Ghost Rider struggling against a foe when his power supply is almost exhausted). However, in the final issue, this becomes less of a problem, as Zero obtains a "Mr. Fusion" portable power generator. The same scene explains that the Ghostworks had previously blocked the Ghost Rider from thinking of this solution, as they did not wish to risk him becoming too independent. Zero is an expert computer hacker and cybersurfer, able to force his way both in and out of almost any system. As a digital psyche, Zero could surf cyberspace, access information, and exist without food, water or other sustenance. Ghost Rider rode a modified version of Zero Cochrane's original souped-up motorcycle, a Ford Velociraptor 900 with thrusters and anti-gravity propulsion. Supporting cast Kylie Gagarin – Zero Cochrane's girlfriend. Willis Adams – A journalist working for Mainline Media. Anesthesia Jones – Owner of the Bar Code. The Ghostworks – Initially used as a name for the hidden region of cyberspace where the Ghost Rider's creators dwell, later in the series the artificial intelligences themselves are also referred to as the Ghostworks. Doctor Neon (Jimmy Alhazared) Harrison Cochrane Villains and antagonists Coda D/MONIX Dyson Kellerman Heartbreaker Jeter Kabal Harrison Cochrane L-Cypher Vengeance 2099 Warewolf In other media Video games Ghost Rider 2099 appears as an alternate costume in the Ghost Rider movie tie-in video game. Ghost Rider 2099 appears as an alternate costume for Ghost Rider in Ultimate Marvel vs Capcom 3. Ghost Rider 2099 appears as a playable character in Marvel Avengers Academy, voiced by Nicholas Andrew Louie. References External links "Daddy Dearest" The unpublished Ghost Rider 2099 story Ghost Rider 2099 sales figures for 1994 and 1995 at the Comics Chronicles 1994 comics debuts Marvel 2099 characters Marvel Comics robots Ghost Rider Marvel Comics characters with superhuman strength Marvel Comics superheroes Cyberpunk comics Defunct American comics Virtual reality in fiction

5395872

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Ship%20Church

Old Ship Church

The Old Ship Church (also known as the Old Ship Meetinghouse) is a Puritan church built in 1681 in Hingham, Massachusetts. It is the only surviving 17th-century Puritan meetinghouse in America. Its congregation, gathered in 1635 and officially known as First Parish in Hingham, occupies the oldest church building in continuous ecclesiastical use in the United States. On October 9, 1960, it was designated a National Historic Landmark and on November 15, 1966, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Old Ship Church is, according to The New York Times, "the oldest continuously worshiped-in church in North America and the only surviving example in this country of the English Gothic style of the 17th century. The more familiar delicately spired white Colonial churches of New England would not be built for more than half a century." Within the church, "the ceiling, made of great oak beams, looks like the inverted frame of a ship," notes The Washington Post. "Built in 1681, it is the oldest church in continuous use as a house of worship in North America." The most distinctive feature of the structure is its Hammerbeam roof, a Gothic open timber construction, the most well-known example being that of Westminster Hall. Some of those working on the soaring structure were no doubt ship carpenters; others were East Anglians familiar with the method of constructing a hammerbeam roof. History The first minister of the Hingham congregation who built Old Ship was the Rev. Peter Hobart, who had attended what was then Puritan-dominated University of Cambridge. Natives of Hingham in the county of Norfolk in East Anglia, Peter Hobart, his father Edmund and his brother Capt. Joshua Hobart were among Hingham's most prominent early settlers. Edmund Hobart and his wife Margaret (Dewey), said Cotton Mather, "were eminent for piety ... and feared God above many." Assisting Hobart in the foundation of the congregation was Rev. Robert Peck, Hobart's senior and formerly rector of St Andrew's Church in Hingham, Norfolk. After 44 years of service, minister Peter Hobart died on January 20, 1679, on the eve of the building of the new house of worship. Hobart's diary of events in Hingham, begun in the year 1635, was continued on his death by his son David. By the time Old Ship was built, Harvard-educated Rev. John Norton, who had been ordained by Peter Hobart, had assumed Hobart's ministry. While Rev. Norton was the first pastor of the congregation at its new home in Old Ship Church, Rev. Peter Hobart was the founder of the congregation, although he died before the new meetinghouse was finished. Old Ship Church deacon John Leavitt, whose son John married Rev. Hobart's daughter Bathsheba, was deacon when Old Ship was constructed and he argued forcefully for the construction of a new meetinghouse. The matter of replacing the old thatched log meeting house stirred intense emotion in Hingham, and it took two heated town meetings to settle on a site for the new edifice, which was built on land donated by Capt. Joshua Hobart, brother of Rev. Peter Hobart. Ultimately, the town appropriated £430 for the new building, said to be the equal of any in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The modern frame edifice, devoid of ornamentation, was raised in 1681, and accommodated its first worship service the following year. Old Ship, with its stark wooden pulpit and stripped-down interior, could not have been further from the houses of worship known to many of the East Anglians who settled Hingham, Massachusetts. It was, in a sense, the anti-Wool church. The program celebrating the 275th anniversary of the raising of the Old Ship Church in July 1956 described the raising of the meetinghouse: The side galleries were added to the building in 1730 and 1755. Originally the building was furnished with backless wooden benches, with the first box pews being installed in 1755. In the Victorian period, the box pews were removed and replaced with curved pews fanning outward from the pulpit, while the walls were papered and drapes were added to the windows. The church was restored to its current appearance, reflecting its 17th and 18th century characteristics, in 1930. Current use The current minister is Kenneth Read-Brown, a descendant of Rev. Peter Hobart. The congregation is Unitarian Universalist and is a Welcoming Congregation. Some of the meetinghouse furnishings still in use date to its founding: Old Ship's christening bowl, for instance, was made before 1600 and was likely brought to the Massachusetts Bay Colony by emigrants from Hingham, England. Old Ship Burying Ground Old Ship Church is surrounded by a large colonial graveyard amidst gently undulating hills. The graveyard, Hingham Cemetery, is sometimes called the First Settlers cemetery, though more commonly it is called Old Ship Church Cemetery, even though it is independent of the Old Ship Church. It was originally part of a tract of land granted by the town to Thomas Gill, one of Hingham's earliest settlers. (It now comprises , and is the largest and oldest cemetery in Hingham.) Buried within its precincts are many of Hingham's earliest settlers and their descendants, including members of the Cushing, Hersey, Otis, Chaffee, Lane, Andrews, Hobart, Loring, Bates, Leavitt, Thaxter, Tower, Beal, Lincoln, Fearing and other prominent early families. Among the prominent individuals buried in the graveyard are: Thomas Joy (1618–1678), builder of the first statehouse in Boston (the building was built of timber) and designer of the Old Ship Church; Rev. Peter Hobart (1604–1679), pastor of Old Ship Church, ancestor of Senator John Kerry; Edmund Hobart, father of Rev. Peter, instrumental in founding Hingham, ancestor of John Henry Hobart; William Hersey, one of Hingham's first settlers, ancestor of writer John Hersey; Col. Samuel Thaxter (1665–1740), one of "His Majesty's Council and Col. of His Regiment," delegate to the General Court and Hingham selectman; Col. Benjamin Lincoln (1699–1771), member of "His Majesty's Council," town selectman, town clerk, husband of Elizabeth Thaxter (daughter of Col. Samuel Thaxter), and father of Major General Benjamin Lincoln; Mrs. Sarah Langley Hersey Derby (1714–1790), founder of Derby Academy in Hingham, widow of Dr. Ezekiel Hersey and of Salem merchant Richard Derby, father of Elias Hasket Derby; Mary Revere Lincoln (1770–1853), daughter of Paul Revere; Governor John Albion Andrew (1818–1867), Civil War governor of Massachusetts, instrumental in founding the 54th and 55th Massachusetts Regiments, the first regiments of black infantry in the Civil War; John Davis Long (1838-1915), 32nd Governor of Massachusetts and Secretary of the Navy;(Wilmon Brewer (1895–1998), author/poet, philanthropist (major donations: Old Ordinary tavern to the town of Hingham, More-Brewer Conservation Area, World's End Park); Solomon Lincoln (1804–1881), Hingham attorney, author of first history of Hingham (1827), state senator, president of Boston's Webster Bank, and president of the Hingham Cemetery Corporation. The oldest burials date from at least 1672, before the building of the current meeting house. The Settlers' Monument in Old Ship burying ground marks the place where the remains of Hingham's earliest settlers were moved after their initial burying place along modern-day Main Street, in front of Old Ship Church, was excavated for the passage of horse-drawn trolleys about 1835. Memorial Bell Tower Also in the grounds, situated close to the church, is the Hingham Memorial Bell Tower, erected in 1912 to commemorate the 275th anniversary of the founding of Hingham, and in memory of the town's founders. The tower contains ten bells hung for change ringing, also made in 1912 by Mears & Stainbank, of Whitechapel, London. The bells were cast specifically in order to be similar to the bells hung in St Andrew's Church in Hingham, Norfolk, which the town's founders would have heard while living in England, and are tuned to the same key of E. Gallery See also List of National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts National Register of Historic Places listings in Plymouth County, Massachusetts First Unitarian Church in Westport List of the oldest churches in the United States Notes Citations References External links Official website National Historic Landmark listing National Park Service Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings National Register listings for Plymouth County Old Ship Historic Marker Reverend Peter Hobart Historic Marker Historic Churches of America, Nellie Urner Wallington, 1907 Hingham Cemetery Facts, Lucinda Day (compiler), Hingham Cemetery Corporation Churches completed in 1681 National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts Unitarian Universalist churches in Massachusetts New England Puritanism Buildings and structures in Hingham, Massachusetts Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts Cemeteries in Plymouth County, Massachusetts English Gothic architecture National Register of Historic Places in Plymouth County, Massachusetts Historic district contributing properties in Massachusetts Gothic Revival architecture in Massachusetts 1681 establishments in Massachusetts British colonial architecture in the United States Colonial architecture in Massachusetts 17th-century churches in the United States Churches in Plymouth County, Massachusetts

5395878

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Zahniser

Paul Zahniser

Paul Vernon Zahniser (September 6, 1896 – September 26, 1964) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played for three different teams over his five-season Major League Baseball career, which spanned from 1923 to 1929. Career Born in Sac City, Iowa, Zahniser started his professional career in 1918 with the Toledo Iron Men, and later he consistently won 20 or more games while pitching in the Southern Association, including 15 straight during one stretch. He made his major league debut with the Washington Senators in 1923, and pitched as both a starting pitcher and in relief. He had a 9–10 win–loss record that first season in 33 games pitched, with ten complete games in 21 games started. The following season, Zahniser's numbers were not nearly as good, but the Senators went on to claim the 1924 World Series title. He did not play in the World Series, and was traded before the 1925 season, along with Roy Carlyle, to the Boston Red Sox for Joe Harris. Over the next two seasons for the Red Sox, his effectiveness consistently worsened. His ERA's were 5.15 and 4.97, and he led the American League in losses with 18 in 1926. An explanation of his inneffectiveness was offered by Babe Ruth in his book Babe Ruth's Own Book of Baseball. Ruth explained that Zahniser unknowingly altered his delivery, depending on which pitch he was going to throw, so the hitters knew which one was he was going to throw. Zahniser made a one-game re-appearance in the majors with the Cincinnati Reds, pitched one inning, and gave up three earned runs. He finished the season with the Toledo Mud Hens. Post-career Zahniser died at the age of 68 of a self-inflicted gunshot in Klamath Falls, Oregon, and is interred at Oakland Cemetery in his hometown of Sac City. References External links Major League Baseball pitchers Boston Red Sox players Cincinnati Reds players Washington Senators (1901–1960) players Toledo Iron Men players Columbus Senators players Bloomington Bloomers players Memphis Chickasaws players St. Paul Saints (AA) players Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) players Toledo Mud Hens players Seattle Indians players Mission Reds players Portland Beavers players Rock Island Islanders players Baseball players from Iowa People from Sac City, Iowa Suicides by firearm in Oregon 1896 births 1964 suicides