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5392807

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Dekker%20%28actor%29

Thomas Dekker (actor)

Thomas Alexander Dekker (born December 28, 1987) is an American actor, musician, singer, director and producer. He is known for his roles as John Connor in Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles, Adam Conant on The Secret Circle, and Zach on Heroes. Dekker did the voice of Littlefoot in The Land Before Time V-IX (singing voice in The Land Before Time V) and as Fievel Mousekewitz in An American Tail: The Treasure of Manhattan Island and An American Tail: The Mystery of the Night Monster. He played Jesse Braun in the 2010 remake of A Nightmare on Elm Street, and Smith in Gregg Araki's film Kaboom. Dekker starred as Gregory Valentine in the TV show Backstrom. He has also written and produced two albums. Early life Dekker was born in Las Vegas, Nevada. His mother, Hilary (née Williams), is a concert pianist, acting coach, actor, and singer from Wales, and his late father, David John Ellis Dekker, was an American artist, set designer, opera singer, and actor of English and Dutch ancestry. His maternal grandfather was Alun Williams, a radio broadcaster for the British Broadcasting Corporation. As a child, he and his parents moved all over the world, including his mother's native United Kingdom and Canada. Career Early career Starting his acting career at age six, Dekker was first seen in the soap The Young and the Restless. He then appeared in Star Trek Generations, two episodes of Star Trek: Voyager and the film Village of the Damned (1995). Dekker also appeared as a child actor on Seinfeld (season 5, episode 16, 1994) and as Bobby (season 7, episode 4, 1995). In 1997, he became a regular on the Disney Channel show Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show which is based on the movie of the same name where he played Nick Szalinski for three years. After the show ended in 2000, he went on to appear in Run of the House, Fillmore!, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, House, Boston Public, Reba and 7th Heaven. He appeared in films such as Campus Confidential and An American Tail: The Mystery of the Night Monster. Dekker has won three Young Artist Awards for his work in The Land Before Time films and one for his guest appearance on Boston Public. In 2001, he played the part of young Donny Osmond in the film Inside the Osmonds. 2006–present In 2006, Dekker landed a recurring role on Heroes playing the character of Zach (Claire Bennet's best friend). He played Zach for eleven episodes before leaving Heroes to take a starring role in Fox's new show Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles as John Connor, starring opposite Lena Headey and Summer Glau. That show debuted January 13, 2008 and was canceled on May 18, 2009. Dekker also played the lead character Nate Palmer in the web-based science fiction series IQ-145. In 2009, Dekker appeared in From Within (filmed in 2007), My Sister's Keeper, a drama in which he starred with Cameron Diaz, Alec Baldwin, Abigail Breslin and Medium star Sofia Vassilieva, and Laid to Rest alongside Lena Headey. In 2010, Dekker starred in the remake of A Nightmare on Elm Street, released on April 30, 2010. His character's name was Jesse Braun, loosely based on the character Rod Lane in the original. That same year he also had a role in All About Evil, an indie horror film. Dekker starred in Gregg Araki's Kaboom (2010). It is the first film ever awarded the Cannes Film Festival "Queer Palm Award" for its contribution to LGBT presence in cinema. Dekker was a "top candidate" for the lead role in Paramount's remake of Footloose (2011), but the role went to Kenny Wormald. In April 2011, Dekker starred as Lance Loud in the HBO original film Cinema Verite, about the creation of America's first reality television series, An American Family. Dekker played the role of Adam, the male lead on the television series The Secret Circle developed by The CW. He appeared in Daughtry's music video for their single "Waiting for Superman", which was released September 17, 2013. Dekker was a regular on the 2015 Fox crime drama Backstrom, playing Gregory Valentine, the gay underworld contact and roommate of Rainn Wilson's title character, revealed to be his half-brother. Music Dekker was brought up with a musical background, and started writing music at age ten while living in Canada. At the age of fifteen he landed a record deal; however after feeling that he wasn't as involved in the music as he would have liked, he left to concentrate on making his own music. At the age of sixteen, Dekker started writing and producing his own classical music influenced by electronica which he describes as "electrofolk". His debut album Psyanotic was released in 2008. Personal life Dekker has stated that for much of his childhood, he was a victim of sexual molestation. In his teenage years, he was part of a "metalhead" subculture, where he "caused trouble in Las Vegas," and was arrested "five or six times." Dekker was involved in an auto accident on October 15, 2009, when he hit a 17-year-old cyclist training for a race on a freeway onramp. Originally charged with two counts of felony DUI, the charge was reduced to one count of misdemeanor reckless driving when it was found that the cyclist was at fault. He pleaded no contest, and was sentenced to a fine of $300 and two years of informal probation, and ordered to attend a 12-hour alcohol-education class. Dekker is a vegan. On April 20, 2011 in an interview with Out magazine Dekker spoke about his sexuality, which had been the subject of speculation: On July 13, 2017, Dekker came out as gay and revealed that he married Canadian actor Jesse Haddock in April that year. Awards Young Artist Award  — Best Performance in a TV Comedy Series — Leading Young Actor (Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show) (1997) Young Artist Award  — Best Performance in a Voice-Over: TV/Film/Video — Young Actor (An American Tail: The Mystery of the Night Monster) (1999) Young Artist Award  — Best Performance in a TV Series — Guest Starring Young Actor (Boston Public) (2000) Young Artist Award  — Best Performance in a Voice-Over Role (The Land Before Time IX: Journey to the Big Water) (2002) Filmography Film Television Music videos Discography Albums Psyanotic (2008) Into the Night (2018) Soundtracks From The Land Before Time V: The Mysterious Island: 1997: "Friends for Dinner", "Always There", "Big Water" From An American Tail: The Treasure of Manhattan Island: 1998: "Anywhere in Your Dreams" From The Land Before Time VI: The Secret of Saurus Rock: 1998: "Bad Luck", "The Legend of the Lone Dinosaur", "On Your Own" From An American Tail: The Mystery of the Night Monster: 1999: "Get the Facts", "Who Will" From The Land Before Time VII: The Stone of Cold Fire: 2000: "Beyond the Mysterious Beyond", "Good Inside" From The Land Before Time VIII: The Big Freeze: 2001: "Family", "The Lesson" From The Land Before Time IX: Journey to the Big Water: 2002: "Imaginary Friends", "No One Has to Be Alone", "Chanson D'Ennui", "Big Water" From 7th Heaven: From the episode Red Socks 2005: "Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive" 2008: "From Within" References External links 1987 births Living people 20th-century American male actors 21st-century American male actors 21st-century American singers 21st-century American male singers American male child actors American male film actors American people of Dutch descent American people of English descent American people of Welsh descent American male soap opera actors American male television actors American male voice actors American gay actors American gay musicians LGBT people from Nevada Male actors from Las Vegas Singers from Nevada 20th-century LGBT people 21st-century LGBT people

5392814

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldilocks%20economy

Goldilocks economy

A Goldilocks economy is an economy that is not too hot or cold, in other words sustains moderate economic growth, and that has low inflation, which allows a market-friendly monetary policy. The name comes from the children's story Goldilocks and The Three Bears. History The first use of this phrase was by an unnamed U.S. government official in a December 20, 1966 article in The Wall Street Journal. It appeared in print again, in The Washington Post, on January 8, 1967, attributed to James S. Duesenberry of the Council of Economic Advisers. The phrase was picked up in a few other publications shortly thereafter. It gained wider use after 1988 following an April column by Dan Andriacco of Scripps-Howard, and a November The New York Times article quoting Richard B. Berner of Salomon Brothers. The phrase was popularized and reformulated by Salomon Brothers' chief equity strategist David Shulman with his March 1992 report "The Goldilocks Economy: Keeping the Dears at Bay." [Shulman, David et al, "The Goldilocks Economy: Keeping the Bears at Bay," Salomon Brothers Inc, March 1992] Goldilocks economy is primarily used to describe the economic indicators of the Great Moderation: stable GDP growth, industrial production, monthly payroll employment, unemployment rate, real wages and consumer prices. Michael Hudson argues that the positive connotations associated with the "Goldilocks economy" and the "Great Moderation" are because these terms were coined by bankers, who saw their loans soar along with their bonuses during this period. However, this economy was not "Goldilocks" for everyone. Indeed, during this period, the rich accumulated more wealth while the poor and middle class accumulated a tremendous amount of household debt. In 2017, The Economist, citing a poll of global fund managers, suggested that the Goldilocks economy was returning; the post-Great Recession economic expansion starting in 2009 and ending when the economy crashed in 2020, (sometimes referred to as the "Great Austerity"), was posited by MarketWatch to be a return of the Goldilocks economy. References External links Example usage Economic geography Economics catchphrases

5392817

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20Check

Battery Check

"Battery Check" is a song by the Swedish punk rock band Millencolin from the album Home from Home. It was released as a single on 3 July 2003 by Burning Heart Records in two versions: One with the album version of "Battery Check", sung in English, as the lead track, and the other with a Swedish language version entitled "E20 Norr" as the lead track. This version was named after E20 Norr, a northern part of the European route E20 which runs through the band's home town in Sweden. Both versions of the single include the alternate language version as the second track, and both also include the B-side song "Bowmore" from the album's recording sessions. An accompanying music video was also filmed and released in both languages, with the English version titled "Battery Check" and the Swedish version titled "E20 Norr". Both versions of the song and the music video are identical except for the language used. Track listing "Battery Check" "E20 Norr" "Bowmore" "Battery Check" and "E20 Norr" are reversed on the "E20 Norr" version of the single. Personnel Millencolin Nikola Sarcevic - lead vocals, bass Erik Ohlsson - guitar Mathias Färm - guitar Fredrik Larzon - drums Millencolin songs 2003 singles 2002 songs Burning Heart Records singles Songs written by Mathias Färm Songs written by Nikola Šarčević Songs written by Fredrik Larzon Songs written by Erik Ohlsson (musician)

5392820

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimirsky%20Municipal%20Okrug

Vladimirsky Municipal Okrug

Vladimirsky Municipal Okrug () is a municipal okrug in Tsentralny District, one of the eighty-one low-level municipal divisions of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 59,065, up from 57,213 recorded during the 2002 Census. Geography The municipal okrug borders with Nevsky Avenue in the north, Ligovsky Avenue in the south, Gorokhovaya Street in the west, and with the Fontanka River in the north. Economy Rossiya airline has its head office in the municipal okrug. Architecture Places of interest include the Vladimirskaya Church and the Corinthia Hotel. References Notes Sources Tsentralny District, Saint Petersburg

5392830

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noelle

Noelle

Noelle or Noëlle is the feminine form of the gender neutral name Noel. It derives from the old French Noël, "Christmas," a variant (and later a replacement) of nael, which itself derives from the Latin natalis, "birthday". Other nicknames and variations for girls named Noelle include Noèle, Noelia, Noeline, Noela, Noell, Noella, Noelene, and Noeleen. Given name People with the name include: Noelle Noelle Barahona (born 1990), Chilean alpine skier Noelle Barker (1928–2013), British soprano singer and singing teacher Noelle Bassi (born 1983), American butterfly swimmer Noelle Beck (born 1968), American actress Noelle Freeman (born 1989), American beauty pageant titleholder Noelle Kennedy, Irish camogie player Noelle Keselica (born 1984), American soccer forward Noelle Kocot, American poet Noelle Lenihan (born 1999), Irish paralympic discus thrower Noelle Middleton (1926–2016), Irish actress Noelle Montcalm (born 1988), Canadian athlete specialising in the 400 metres hurdles Noelle Murray (born 1989), Irish footballer Noelle Pikus-Pace (born 1982), American skeleton racer Noelle Quinn (born 1985), American basketball player Noelle Reno (born 1983), American fashion entrepreneur, television presenter, socialite, and model Noelle Sabbe, French racing cyclist Noelle Sandwith (1927–2006), English artist Noelle Scaggs (born 1979), American singer-songwriter Noelle Valdivia, American television writer and playwright Noelle Vial (1959–2003), Irish poet Noëlle Noëlle Boisson (born 1944), French film editor Noëlle Châtelet (born 1944), French writer and lecturer Noëlle Cordier (born 1944), French singer Noëlle Lenoir (born 1948), French stateswoman Noëlle Maritz (born 1995), Swiss football defender Noëlle Norman (1921–1985), French film actress Noëlle van Lottum (born 1972), Dutch tennis player Fictional characters Noelle Holiday, a main character in the video game Deltarune Noelle Silva, a character in the manga series Black Clover Noelle, a playable character in the video game Dragalia Lost Noelle (), a playable character in the video game Genshin Impact Surname Amanda Noelle (born 1983), American Christian musician and worship leader Nica Noelle, American entrepreneur, pornographic film actress and director See also Noel (given name) Noelia (disambiguation) Noell (disambiguation) Marie-Noëlle Noella References French feminine given names Surnames

5392837

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Delaware%20Gazette

The Delaware Gazette

The Delaware Gazette is an American daily newspaper published in Delaware, Ohio. It is owned by AIM Media Midwest. The newspaper is published on weekday and Saturday mornings and is the only daily newspaper in Delaware County, Ohio. The paper's circulation in 2004 was approximately 8,000 daily. In addition to the daily newspaper, the Gazette newsroom also publishes The Sunbury News, a weekly newspaper in nearby Sunbury, Ohio, and provides commercial printing and website management services. History The Delaware Gazette was founded as a weekly newspaper in 1818, by Abram Thomson and a partner. In 1834, Thomson bought out his partner and from that time until 2004, the newspaper was owned and managed by members of the Thomson family. The Gazette published its first edition as a daily newspaper January 10, 1884. In June 2004, W.D. "Tom" Thomson II, the great-great-grandson of Abram Thomson, sold the Gazette to Brown Publishing Company of Cincinnati. At the time of its sale, the newspaper had been owned by a single family longer than any other newspaper in America. At the time, Thomson family members said they had not been under pressure to sell the newspaper, and chose to sell it to Brown because it, too, was a longstanding family-owned business: "We had a hell of a ride," said Gazette vice president Chip Thomson. "I'm at peace." Brown declared bankruptcy and was reconstituted as Ohio Community Media in 2010. The company, including the Gazette, was purchased for an undisclosed sum in 2011 by Philadelphia-based Versa Capital Management. In 2012 Versa merged Ohio Community Media, former Freedom papers it had acquired, Impressions Media, and Heartland Publications into a new company, Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold its Ohio papers to AIM Media Midwest in 2017. References External links The Delaware Gazette The Delaware Gazette on Facebook The Delaware Gazette on Twitter Ohio Community Media Publications established in 1818 1818 establishments in Ohio Newspapers published in Ohio Delaware, Ohio

5392846

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claiborne%20Avenue%20Bridge

Claiborne Avenue Bridge

The Claiborne Avenue Bridge, officially known as the Judge William Seeber Bridge, is a vertical lift bridge in New Orleans, Louisiana over the Industrial Canal. It was built by the Louisiana Department of Highways (later renamed the Department of Transportation and Development) and opened to vehicular traffic in 1957. The bridge has suffered numerous disasters: A barge hit the bridge in 1993, Hurricane Katrina damaged it in 2005, and a car plunged into the canal in 2008 due to a malfunction. Description The bridge carries four vehicular lanes, two in each direction, of North Claiborne Avenue, which here is also Louisiana Highway 39. It accommodates most marine traffic in the down position. The bridge is located in the 9th Ward of New Orleans, with the Upper 9th Ward on the western side and the Lower 9th Ward on the eastern or "lower" (down river) side. Along with St. Claude Avenue, it is one of the main links of New Orleans with the communities in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana such as Arabi and Chalmette. Many locals who regularly use the bridge are unaware of the bridge's official name. Accidents Tugboat collision On May 28, 1993 the tugboat Chris was pushing an empty barge through the canal toward the Mississippi River locks. As was common at the time, the tugboat captain would have to wait to enter the locks, and he was directed to the side of the canal to ground his barge to keep the waterway clear. However, at 3:30 p. m., the barge collided with a support pier of the bridge, causing a section of the bridge to collapse onto the western canal bank and onto the barge. Two automobiles plummeted off of the bridge, killing one person and severely injuring two others. The waterway was closed to navigation for 2 days, and the bridge was closed for 2 months while the collapsed span was rebuilt. The concrete debris from the collapsed span was used to protect the new support pier from future collisions. Hurricane Katrina In 2005 Hurricane Katrina severely affected the areas on both sides of the bridge (see Effect of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans), with the most extreme devastation on the Lower 9th Ward side. The bridge was out of service for months, left in the up position to accommodate Canal shipping, until it was restored to service in early 2006. Crossing gates malfunction On May 20, 2008 17-year veteran New Orleans Police Officer Tommie Felix was killed when his vehicle drove off the bridge and plunged into the canal while the bridge was in the raised position. Eye witness accounts say that the gates which come down to indicate the bridge's closure were not functioning at the time, and several other cars came close to driving off the bridge but stopped short. References Bridges in New Orleans Road bridges in Louisiana Vertical lift bridges in Louisiana Lower 9th Ward, New Orleans Bridges completed in 1957 Bridge disasters in the United States Bridge disasters caused by collision Bridge disasters caused by maintenance error Bridge disasters caused by tropical cyclones Bridge disasters involving open moveable bridges Transportation disasters in Louisiana

5392853

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed%20Ameer%20Ali

Syed Ameer Ali

Syed Ameer Ali Order of the Star of India (1849–1928) was an Indian/British Indian jurist hailing from the state of Oudh from where his father moved and settled down at Bengal Presidency. He was a prominent political leader, and author of a number of influential books on Muslim history and the modern development of Islam, who is credited for his contributions to the Law of India, particularly Muslim Personal Law, as well as the development of political philosophy for Muslims, during the British Raj. He was a signatory to the 1906 Petition to the Viceroy and was thus a founding-member of the All India Muslim League. He played a key role in securing separate electorates for the Muslims in British India and promoting the cause of the Khilafat Movement. Family background He was born on 6 April 1849, toward the end of Mughal empire in India, at Cuttack in Odisha as the fourth of five sons of Syed Saadat Ali. His father moved the family to Calcutta, and then to Chinsura where they settled more permanently. His family took advantage of the educational facilities provided by the British government but otherwise shunned by the Muslim community. With the assistance of his British teachers and supported by several competitive scholarships, he achieved outstanding examination results, graduating from Calcutta University in 1867, and gaining an MA degree with Honours in history in 1868. The LLB degree followed quickly in 1869. He then began legal practice in Calcutta. By this time, he was already one of the few outstanding Muslim achievers of his generation. Political career After moving to London, where he stayed between 1869 and 1873, he joined the Inner Temple (professional associations for barristers and judges) and made contacts with some people of London. He absorbed the influence of contemporary liberalism. He had contacts with almost all the administrators concerned with India and with leading English liberals such as John Bright and the Fawcetts, Henry (1831–1898) and his wife, Millicent Fawcett (1847–1929.) Syed Ameer Ali resumed his legal practice at Calcutta High Court on his return to India in 1873. The year after, he was elected as a Fellow of Calcutta University as well as being appointed as a lecturer in Islamic Law at the Presidency College, Kolkata. In 1878, he was appointed as the member of the Bengal Legislative Council. He revisited England in 1880 for one year. He became a professor of law in Calcutta University in 1881. In 1883, he was nominated to the membership of the Governor General Council. In 1890 he was made a judge in the Calcutta High Court. Earlier he had founded the political organisation, Central National Muhammedan Association, in Calcutta in 1877. This association later spread nationwide with 34 branches from Madras to Karachi. This made him the first Muslim leader to put into practice the need for such an organisation due to the belief that efforts directed through an organisation would be more effective than those originating from an individual leader. The Association played an important role in the modernisation of Muslims and in arousing their political consciousness. He was associated with it for over 25 years, and worked for the political advancement of the Muslims. Syed Amir Ali became the second Indian to hold the post of law member of the government of India, assuming the position after Satyendra P. Sinha resigned in November 1910. Syed Ameer Ali established the London Muslim League in 1908. This organisation was an independent body and not a branch of All India Muslim League. In 1909, he became the first Indian to sit as a member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council on which he would serve till his death in 1928. On appointment to the Privy Council he became entitled to be addressed as The Right Honourable. In 1908, he was an advisory member to the Muhammadan Art and Life in Turkey, Persia, Egypt, Morocco and India exhibition held at the Whitechapel Gallery. The Autumn Exhibition was held from 23 October to 6 December. The opening day to the public was on 27th Ramadan. In 1910, he formally co-established the London Mosque Fund, alongside a group of prominent British Muslims, to finance the building of the first mosque in the capital: East London Mosque, today one of the largest mosques in Europe. His field of activities was now broadened and he stood for Muslim welfare all over the world. He played an important role in securing separate electorates for the Muslims in South Asia and promoting the cause of the Khilafat Movement. He retired from Bengal High Court in 1904 and decided to settle down, with his English wife (Isabelle Ida Konstam) in England where he was somewhat isolated from the main current of Muslim political life. Throughout his career, he was known as a jurist and a well-known Islamic scholar. He died on 4 August 1928 in Sussex and was buried in Brookwood Cemetery. Personal beliefs Syed Ameer Ali believed that the Muslims as a downtrodden nation could get more benefit from loyalty to the British rather than from any opposition to them. For this reason, he called upon his followers to devote their energy and attention to popularising English education among the Muslims. This perception and consequent activism have been known as the Aligarh Movement. Referring to the concept of progressive social laws, Syed Ameer Ali wrote: Opinions and legacy David Samuel Margoliouth in the preface of his book Mohammed and the Rise of Islam wrote: Syed Ameer Ali belongs to that generation of Indian Muslims who tried to defend their faith, Islam, at a time when Mughal empire had only recently collapsed in 1857 and the Muslims were generally out of favour with the British rulers. The prevailing environment was generally hostile to Islam and Muslims. That's why, to some people, he may appear somewhat apologetic in his narration of Muslim history. Like some other authors of that time, he tried to show that Islam was a rational religion. At that time, very little was being published about Islam that was positive. His works created a sense of hope for the Muslim youth and provided a much needed feeling of historical context in the colonized British India. Honors and recognition There is a very famous Hall in the University of Rajshahi the second largest university of Bangladesh which is named in his honour The "Sayed Ameer Ali Hall". In recognition of his services, Pakistan Postal Service issued a commemorative postage stamp in 1990 to honor him in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series. Books A Critical Examination of the Life and Teachings of Mohammed (1873) — His first book, written when he was 24, while in England. The orientalist Major R. D. Osborn (1835–1889) wrote: "Regarded simply as a literary achievement, we have never read anything issuing from the educated classes in this country which could be compared with it; and the Muslims of India are to be congratulated on the possession of so able a man in their rank. It is impossible, if his after-life accords with this early promise that he should not leave his influence for good stamped upon the country in deep and enduring characters." The Personal Law of Muhammedans (1880) The Spirit of Islam (editions in 1891, 1922, 1953) - A book covering the life of Muhammad, and the political, cultural, literary, scientific, mystic, philosophical, and social history of Islam. Ethics of Islam (1893) A Short History of Saracens (1899) Islam (1906) The Legal Position of Women in Islam (1912) References External links 1849 births 1928 deaths 19th-century Indian judges 20th-century Indian judges Aliah University alumni All India Muslim League members Burials at Brookwood Cemetery Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire Indian members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom Judges of the Calcutta High Court Leaders of the Pakistan Movement Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council Presidency University, Kolkata faculty Shia scholars of Islam University of Calcutta alumni University of Calcutta faculty

5392862

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20works%20by%20Thomas%20Aquinas

List of works by Thomas Aquinas

The collected works of Thomas Aquinas are being edited in the Editio Leonina (established 1879). As of 2014, 39 out of a projected 50 volumes have been published. The works of Aquinas can be grouped into six categories as follows: Works written in direct connection to his teaching Seven systematic disputations (quaestiones disputatae), on: Truth; The union of the Incarnate Word; The soul; Spiritual creatures; Virtues; God’s power; and Evil. Twelve quodlibetal disputations Philosophical commentaries Eleven commentaries on Aristotle; Two expositions of works by Boethius; Two expositions of works by Proclus Lesser tractates and disputations Five polemical works; Five expert opinions, or responsa; Fifteen letters on theological, philosophical, or political subjects; Ninety-nine Homilies Upon the Epistles and Gospels for Forty-nine Sundays of the Year A collection of glosses from the Church Fathers on the Gospels (Catena aurea) Systematic works (Summa Theologiae, Summa contra Gentiles, Scriptum super Sententiis) Biblical commentaries on Job, Psalms and Isaiah, Canticles and Jeremiah, John, Matthew, and on the epistles of Paul Nine exegeses of Scriptural books Liturgical works Editions In 1570 the first edition of Aquinas's opera omnia, the so-called editio Piana (from Pius V, the Dominican pope who commissioned it), was produced at the studium of the Roman convent at Santa Maria sopra Minerva, the forerunner of the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum. The critical edition of Aquinas's works is the ongoing edition commissioned by Pope Leo XIII (1882-1903), the so-called Leonine Edition. Abbé Migne published an edition of the Summa Theologiae, in four volumes, as an appendix to his Patrologiae Cursus Completus. English editions: Joseph Rickaby (London, 1872), J. M. Ashley (London, 1888). Works in chronological order Works of uncertain date Works of uncertain authenticity Notes References I. T. Eschmann, O.P., 1956 catalog of Thomas's works External links Corpus Thomisticum, his complete works in Latin Complete works of St. Thomas Aquinas Thomas Aquinas works at Somni: Aurea expositio sancti Pauli apostoli ad Corinthios. Naples, 1491 Beati Thomae Aquinatis De ente et essentia. Italy, made between 1477 and 1485. It contains: De ente et essentia, Rescriptum super libro De ente et essentia and De fallaciis. Ad regem Cypri de rege et regno. Italy, 1486 Brevis Compilatio theologie edita a fratre Thoma de Aquino. Italy, made before 1487. It contains: Compendium theologiae. Prima pars secunde partis Summe Theologie beati Thome de Aquino. Naples, 1484. It contains: Prima pars secunde partis de la Summa Theologica. Quaestiones disputatae. Naples, made between 1480 and 1493. It contains some of the Quaestiones disputatae of Thomas Aquinas: De spiritualibus creaturis, De anima, De unione Verbi and De virtutibus. Thome de Aquino commentum in Marci Evangelium. Naples, 1491 Catholic theology and doctrine

5392863

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara%20Shane

Sara Shane

Sara Shane, born Elaine Sterling, (May 18, 1928 – July 31, 2022) was an American actress, who starred in film and television during the Golden Age Era in the 1950s and early 1960s. Acting career Born Elaine Sterling, Shane secured a film contract with MGM and was featured in a few musicals (billed with her birth name). She "was dropped by the studio after six months." In 1953 she hired publicist Russell Birdwell, and began using the name Sara Shane ("inspired by the movie with the same name"). She secured a seven-year contract with Universal International pictures (UI), but after two films took a sabbatical, which at the time was predicted as likely being brief. A 1953 newspaper article reported that Hedy Lamarr prompted Shane (described as Lamarr's "closest woman friend in recent years") to resume her career in film. Shane said of Lamarr, "She pushed me into a career again and got me out of my laziness." The article noted that Shane was "currently testing for the John Wayne picture, 'The High and the Mighty,' and the film version of 'Oklahoma.'" She returned to film and television work in 1955, most notably in the Clark Gable film The King and Four Queens. Her last film, 1959’s Tarzan's Greatest Adventure, in which she portrayed Angie, is considered her most memorable performance. She continued in television through 1964. Among Shane's television appearances, she played the role of defendant Alyce Aitken in the 1961 Perry Mason episode, "The Case of the Envious Editor." Business ventures Shane left acting in 1964 to go into business. As of 2018, she was a director of Hippocrates Health Centre in Queensland, Australia and an author. In 1974, she published a non-fiction novel, Zulma, about a Mexican pre-op trans woman's experiences in the La Mesa Prison, based on her visit to the prison and her meeting with a trans woman named Zulma. In 2000, she published Take Control of Your Health and Escape the Sickness Industry (). In 2008 she wrote, produced, and co-presented (with narrator Tony Barry) a DVD documentary entitled "One Answer to Cancer" (2008). The first half of the DVD is about the dangers of the pharmaceutical drug Aldara. The rest of the movie promotes the alternative cancer treatment, black salve; including detailed instructions on how to make it and apply it yourself. Personal life Shane married William Hollingsworth, a "wealthy real estate tycoon," in 1949. They divorced in 1957. The couple had a son, Jamie. Shane died on July 31, 2022 at the age of 94 in Gold Coast, Australia. Filmography References External links Interview with Elaine Hollingsworth biography at Glamour Girls of the Silver Screen 1928 births 2022 deaths 20th-century American actresses Actresses from St. Louis American film actresses American television actresses American women writers Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players 21st-century American women Deaths in Australia

5392872

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Bosque%2C%20Spain

El Bosque, Spain

El Bosque is a town and municipality located in the province of Cádiz, Spain. According to the 2005 census, the city has a population of 2,004 inhabitants. Demographics Gallery References External links El Bosque - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía Municipalities of the Province of Cádiz

5392888

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primal%20Fear%20%28novel%29

Primal Fear (novel)

Primal Fear is a 1993 American thriller novel by William Diehl about Aaron Stampler, an altar boy accused of murder, and Martin Vail, the attorney defending him. It was adapted into a film of the same name in 1996, starring Richard Gere and Edward Norton. The characters of Stampler and Vail appear in two additional novels by author Diehl, Show of Evil and ''Reign in Hell''. References 1993 American novels American thriller novels Legal thriller novels English-language novels American novels adapted into films Villard (imprint) books

5392903

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20Patches

Green Patches

"Green Patches" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. It was first published in the November 1950 issue of Galaxy Science Fiction under the title "Misbegotten Missionary", and reprinted under that title in the 1952 anthology Tomorrow, the Stars. It was retitled "Green Patches" in Asimov's 1969 collection Nightfall and Other Stories. Plot summary A human colony ship lands on an unknown planet (later named "Saybrook's Planet"). The ship's captain, Saybrook, analyzed the planet's abundant plant and animal life and discovered that it is all part of a single organism with a unified consciousness. However, that organism perceived the humans (and all the other lifeforms they have brought along) as being "incomplete" and mere "life fragments", because they were not part of the perfect planetary consciousness. In an altruistic attempt to help the humans, the planetary organism decides to make them part of itself; it induces pregnancy in all the colony ship's female animals, and all the offspring born have green patches of fur (alien sense organs) instead of eyes, a sign that they were part of the planetary organism. When Saybrook had the women in his crew examined and confirmed that they were all pregnant, he sent a sub-ether report back to Earth and then destroyed his ship with all aboard. Later, a research spaceship from Earth lands on Saybrook's Planet to investigate the report by the earlier colony ship. The crew take no chances and incinerate all life around the landing point, while carefully preventing any life from the planet from coming on board (and have an all-male crew for good measure). They confirm Saybrook's report, then set out to return to Earth to recommend that Saybrook's Planet be permanently quarantined. Unknown to the research ship's crew they carry a stowaway — a part of the planet's fauna that crawled aboard when they temporarily dropped their force fields. The small creature has been specially bred to resemble a length of wiring and go undetected. The planetary organism has never before experienced selfishness and violence and is desperate to "help" the "life fragments" (Earthlings) to become "complete", by joining consciousness with it in blissful unity. If the stowaway manages to reach Earth, it will eventually convert all life there into a single organism with a unified consciousness — and green patches of fur instead of eyes. The stowaway creature removes a section of wiring from the cockpit and impersonates it, in order to hide. It then psychically examines the minds of the humans and other organisms on the ship and is increasingly disturbed by their chaotic, conflicting existence as individuals. It is revolted by the fact that they show selfishness and competition, instead of altruism and cooperation. The creature is greatly saddened by being disconnected from the planetary consciousness, but takes solace in the fact that it will soon perform its mission and join with all life on Earth. The invasion is thwarted however, when the stowaway is accidentally killed after the research ship lands on Earth; the wiring it was impersonating controlled the ship's airlock doors, and it was incinerated when they were activated. The ship's scientist, aware of the potential threat from Saybrook's Planet, is relieved to return to the anarchy that is Earth. Critical response Science fiction author and critic Damon Knight wrote: Story notes Asimov notes in the introduction that this story was (unintentionally) a reworking of the theme from Who Goes There? by John W. Campbell. "Green Patches" was later included in an early Foundation Series timeline that was published in Thrilling Wonder Stories along with the story The Portable Star. Asimov returned to the theme of a unified planetary consciousness in his novels Foundation's Edge, Foundation and Earth, and Nemesis. References External links "Green Patches"/"Misbegotten Missionary" at the Internet Archive Short stories by Isaac Asimov 1950 short stories Works originally published in Galaxy Science Fiction

5392911

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partridge%20Brook

Partridge Brook

Partridge Brook is a stream located in southwestern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Connecticut River, which flows to Long Island Sound. Partridge Brook begins at the outlet of Spofford Lake at Spofford village in the town of Chesterfield, New Hampshire. The brook flows east, then north, then northwest, into the town of Westmoreland, before reaching the Connecticut River. In Westmoreland, the brook is subject to New Hampshire's Comprehensive Shoreland Protection Act. See also List of rivers of New Hampshire References Rivers of New Hampshire Tributaries of the Connecticut River Rivers of Cheshire County, New Hampshire

5392914

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20measurement%20systems%20in%20India

History of measurement systems in India

The history of measurement systems in India begins in early Indus Valley civilisation with the earliest surviving samples dated to the 5th millennium BCE. Since early times the adoption of standard weights and measures has reflected in the country's architectural, folk, and metallurgical artifacts. A complex system of weights and measures was adopted by the Maurya empire (322–185 BCE), which also formulated regulations for the usage of this system. Later, the Mughal empire (1526–1857) used standard measures to determine land holdings and collect land tax as a part of Mughal land reforms. The formal metrication in India is dated to 1 October 1958 when the Indian Government adopted the International System of Units (SI). Early history Standard weights and measures were developed by the Indus Valley Civilization. The centralised weight and measure system served the commercial interest of Indus merchants as smaller weight measures were used to measure luxury goods while larger weights were employed for buying bulkier items, such as food grains etc. Weights existed in multiples of a standard weight and in categories. Technical standardisation enabled gauging devices to be effectively used in angular measurement and measurement for construction. Uniform units of length were used in the planning of towns such as Lothal, Surkotada, Kalibangan, Dolavira, Harappa, and Mohenjo-daro. The weights and measures of the Indus civilisation also reached Persia and Central Asia, where they were further modified. Shigeo Iwata describes the excavated weights unearthed from the Indus civilisation: The significance of a binary system of weights is that it allows an indivisible weight (eg. a gold coin or piece of jewelry) to be measured on a balance with the minimum number of weights, while the decimal system of weights and measures allows the minimum number of weights/measures to be used for bulk items by allowing repeat measures to be counted on the fingers. Rulers made from Ivory were in use by the Indus Valley Civilisation prior to 1500 BCE. Excavations at Lothal (2400 BCE) have yielded one such ruler calibrated to about . Ian Whitelaw (2007)—on the subject of a ruler excavated from the Mohenjo-daro site—writes that: 'the Mohenjo-Daro ruler is divided into units corresponding to 1.32 inches (33.5 mm) and these are marked out in decimal subdivisions with amazing accuracy—to within 0.005 of an inch. Ancient bricks found throughout the region have dimensions that correspond to these units.' The Indus civilisation constructed pan balances made of copper, bronze, and ceramics. One excavated pan balance from Mohenjo-daro (2600–1900 BCE) was constructed using a cord-pivot type fulcrum, a bronze beam, and two pans. A number of excavated surveying instruments and measuring rods have yielded evidence of early cartographic activity. Weights and measures are mentioned throughout the religious and secular works of the Vedic period in India. Some sources that mention various units of measurement are Satapatha Brahmana, Apastamba Sutra, and the Eight Chapters of the grammarian Pāṇini. Indian astronomers kept a pañchānga for calculations of tithi (lunar day), vāra (weekday), naksatra (asterism), and karan (half lunar day) for social and religious events. Klostermaier (2003) states that: "Indian astronomers calculated the duration of one kalpa (a cycle of the universe during which all the heavenly bodies return to their original positions) to be 4,320,000,000 years." According to epigraphic evidence, we have references of measurement units such as – “Kulyavapa”, “dronavapa”, “adhavapa” and “Pataka” from Bengal, nivratana” and “bhumi” from Central India and “nivartana from Western India. Post Maha Janapadas period—High Middle Ages (400 BCE–1200 CE) Steelyard balances—found in India since the 4th century BCE—have been excavated from the archaeological sites of Gandhara and Amravati. Evidence of a complex system of weights and measures existing in use for multiple purposes under the central control of the Maurya administration (322–185 BCE) is found in the Arthashastra. Archaeologist Frank Raymond Allchin outlines the details of the measurement systems of the Maurya state: Depiction of equal arm balances is found in the art of Ajanta cave (No. 17) in the Maharashtra state. Beams of steelyard balances have been unearthed from the 8th century CE archaeological sites at Sirpur and Arang. The research conducted by Abū Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūn, an Islamic scholar who undertook one of the first studies of India's traditions in his Tahriq-e-Hind, also reflect on the regular usage of the steelyard in India. Late Middle Ages—Republic of India (1200 CE–1947 CE onwards) The Chinese merchant Ma Huan (1413–51) outlines the standardised weight and currency system in place at the port city of Cochin. Ma Huan noted that gold coins, known as fanam, or locally known as "panam", were issued in Cochin and weighed a total of one fen and one li according to the Chinese standards. They were of fine quality and could be exchanged in China for 15 silver coins of four-li weight each. The Mughal empire (1526–1857) undertook central agrarian reforms, under which statistical data was compiled by the local quanungo officials on instructions from then revenue minister Todar Mal. As a part of these reforms, Akbar the Great (1556–1605) enforced practical standardisation in the empire's weight and measure system. The Mughal measurement system measured land in terms of gaz and bigha. The measure of agricultural output was the man. Todar Mal's reforms were resisted by large land holders in India, following which the land of these zamindars was placed under the control of the Mughal treasury. Mughal surveying parties used standardised bamboo rods with iron joints to clearly record land according to the standard imperial land measures. These records were later used to collect land revenue corresponding to the land holdings. British units of measurement were adopted in India as first the East India Company and later colonial rule gained foothold. The Republic of India adopted the metric system on 1 October 1958. However, the traditional units still prevail in some areas. Chakrabarti (2007) holds that: 'Yet a few areas have still remained untouched by the metric system. In the land-measuring system in India, possibly one of the most complex and archaic systems, we follow different sets of measuring units and systems in different parts of the country. Different State governments have tried to standardise this by introducing a suitable metric system through which official transactions take place and official records are kept. But the land dealings are still done in a number of archaic units. It appears that people are satisfied and comfortable with them.' Indians in villages continue to use some of the ancient measuring techniques and standards such as palm length, arm length or the owner, tula for gold and mana for weight etc. See also Hindu units of measurement Indian weights and measures Citations Bibliography Allchin, F.R. (1995), "The Mauryan State and Empire", The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States, Cambridge University Press, . Baber, Zaheer (1996), The Science of Empire: Scientific Knowledge, Civilization, and Colonial Rule in India, State University of New York Press, . Chakrabarti, Bhupati (2007), "Fifty years of the metric system in India and its adoption in our daily life", Current Science, 92 (3): 390–391, Indian Academy of Sciences. Chaudhuri, K. N. (1985), Trade and Civilisation in the Indian Ocean, Cambridge University Press, . Iwata, Shigeo (2008), "Weights and Measures in the Indus Valley", Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (2nd edition) edited by Helaine Selin, pp. 2254–2255, Springer, . Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark (2006), "Indus Valley Civilization", Encyclopedia of India (vol. 2) edited by Stanley Wolpert, pp. 258–266, Thomson Gale, Klostermaier, Klaus K. (2003), "Hinduism, History of Science and Religion", Encyclopedia of Science and Religion edited by J. Wentzel Vrede van Huyssteen, pp. 405–410, Macmillan Reference USA, . Richards, John F. etc. (1996), The Mughal Empire, Cambridge University Press, . Sarma, K.V. (2008), "Astronomy in India", Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (2nd edition) edited by Helaine Selin, pp. 317–321, Springer, . Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (2008), "Maps and Mapmaking in India", Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (2nd edition) edited by Helaine Selin, pp. 1301–1303, Springer, . Sharma, V.L. & Bhardwaj, H.C. (1989), "Weighing Devices in Ancient India", Indian Journal of History of Science 24 (4): 329–336, Indian National Science Academy. Whitelaw, Ian (2007), A Measure of All Things: The Story of Man and Measurement, Macmillan, . Measurement systems India Measurement systems

5392916

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed%20Hussain%20Bilgrami

Syed Hussain Bilgrami

Nawab Syed Hussain Bilgrami, Imad-ul-Mulk Bahadur, CSI (1842-1926) was an Indian civil servant, politician, educationalist and an early leader of the All India Muslim League. Early life Syed Hussain Bilgrami was born in 1844 in Gaya from ancestors of Sadaat-e-Bilgram, and was educated at the Presidency College, Calcutta. He was married in 1864 and had four sons and one daughter. Career After holding the post of Professor of Arabic at Canning College, Lucknow from 1866 to 1873 he entered the service of the Nizam of Hyderabad. He was the Private Secretary to Sir Salar Jung till his death. During his tenure, Sir Hussain Bilgrami accompanied Sir Salar Jung on a memorable mission to England where he had the honour of meeting and speaking with Queen Victoria and also of meeting other distinguished people such as Disraeli, Gladstone, Lord Salisbury, John Morley and others. Later, he was Private Secretary to the Nizam of Hyderabad in a number of roles. He was made the Director of Public Instruction for the Nizam's Dominions from 1887 to 1902. In 1901-1902 he was a member of Indian Universities Commission 1902. Soon afterwards he was made a member of the Imperial Legislative Council and a member of the Secretary of State's Council from 1907 to 1909. He retired from the service of the Nizam in 1907 as a result of ill health. His most important work was that of an educationalist. He founded the institution that was to become Nizam College. He along with Sir Agha Khan (Agha Khan III) and many others was one of the founding members of the "All-India Muslim League" which was a political party set up for the sole purpose of protection of the rights of the Muslims of the Indian sub-continet.He also founded a girls’ high school in 1885, which was the first institution of its kind in India. He was instrumental in the formation of three industrial schools (helping revive declining industries) at the three principal centres of local industries, namely Aurangabad, Hyderabad and Warangal. The State Library was also started by him. He received, for his services, the titles of Nawab Ali Yar Khan Bahadur, Motaman Jung, Imad-ud-Dowla and Imad-ul-Mulk and also the CSI from the Government of India for his services to the British Empire. Publications Life of Sir Salar Jung Lectures and Addresses Historical and Descriptive Sketch of His Highness the Nizam's Dominions, 2 vols. Verses References Indian Muslims All India Muslim League members People from Bilgram 1844 births 1926 deaths

5392934

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/THL%20Simplified%20Phonetic%20Transcription

THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription

The THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription of Standard Tibetan (or THL Phonetic Transcription for short) is a system for the phonetic rendering of the Tibetan language. It was created by David Germano and Nicolas Tournadre and was published on 12 December 2003. It is essentially a simplified form of the Tournadre Phonetic System, which is used by Tournadre in his Tibetan-language textbooks. THL (formerly THDL) stands for the "Tibetan and Himalayan Library" project, which is hosted at the University of Virginia. Overview Onsets Vowels Notes References External links The Transliteration and Transcription of Tibetan (Tibetan & Himalayan Library) THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription of Standard Tibetan THL Extended Wylie Transliteration of Tibetan Tibet Romanization of Tibetan

5392947

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear%20of%20crime

Fear of crime

The fear of crime refers to the fear of being a victim of crime as opposed to the actual probability of being a victim of crime. The fear of crime, along with fear of the streets and the fear of youth, is said to have been in Western culture for "time immemorial". While fear of crime can be differentiated into public feelings, thoughts and behaviors about the personal risk of criminal victimization, distinctions can also be made between the tendency to see situations as fearful, the actual experience while in those situations, and broader expressions about the cultural and social significance of crime and symbols of crime in people's neighborhoods and in their daily, symbolic lives. Importantly, feelings, thoughts and behaviors can have a number of functional and dysfunctional effects on individual and group life, depending on actual risk and people's subjective approaches to danger. On a negative side, they can erode public health and psychological well-being; they can alter routine activities and habits; they can contribute to some places turning into 'no-go' areas via a withdrawal from community; and they can drain community cohesion, trust and neighborhood stability. Some degree of emotional response can be healthy: psychologists have long highlighted the fact that some degree of worry can be a problem-solving activity, motivating care and precaution, underlining the distinction between low-level anxieties that motivate caution and counter-productive worries that damage well-being. Factors influencing the fear of crime include the psychology of risk perception, circulating representations of the risk of victimization (chiefly via interpersonal communication and the mass media), public perceptions of neighborhood stability and breakdown, the influence of neighbourhood context, and broader factors where anxieties about crime express anxieties about the pace and direction of social change. There are also some wider cultural influences. For example, some have argued that modern times have left people especially sensitive to issues of safety and insecurity. Affective aspects of fear of crime The core aspect of fear of crime is the range of emotions that is provoked in citizens by the possibility of victimization. While people may feel angry and outraged about the extent and prospect of crime, surveys typically ask people "who they are afraid of" and "how worried they are". Underlying the answers that people give are (more often than not) two dimensions of 'fear': (a) those everyday moments of worry that transpire when one feels personally threatened; and (b) some more diffuse or 'ambient' anxiety about risk. While standard measures of worry about crime regularly show between 30% and 50% of the population of England and Wales express some kind of worry about falling victim, probing reveals that few individuals actually worry for their own safety on an everyday basis. One thus can distinguish between fear (an emotion, a feeling of alarm or dread caused by an awareness or expectation of danger) and some broader anxiety. Some people may be more willing to admit their worries and vulnerabilities than others. Cognitive aspects of fear of crime Concern about crime can be differentiated from perceptions of the risk of personal victimization (i.e. cognitive aspects of fear of crime). Concern about crime includes public assessments of the size of the crime problem. An example of a question that could be asked is whether crime has increased, decreased or stayed the same in a certain period (and/or in a certain area, for instance the respondents own neighborhood). Between 1972 and 2001, the Gallup Poll shows that American respondents think crime has decreased. By contrast, the cognitive side of fear of crime includes public perceptions of the likelihood of falling victim, public senses of control over the possibility, and public estimations of the seriousness of the consequences of crime. People who feel especially vulnerable to victimization are likely to feel that they are especially likely to be targeted by criminals (i.e. victimization is likely), that they are unable to control the possibility (i.e. they have low self-efficacy), and that the consequences would be especially severe. Additionally, these three different components of risk perception may interact: the impact of perceived likelihood on subsequent emotional response (worry, fear, anxiety, etc.) is likely to be especially strong among those who feel that consequences are high and self-efficacy is low. Behavioral aspects of fear of crime A third way to measure fear of crime is to ask people whether they ever avoid certain areas, protect certain objects or take preventive measures. This way, measuring fear of crime can become a relatively straightforward thing, because the questions asked tap into actual behavior and 'objective' facts, such as the amount of money spent on a burglar-alarm or extra locks. Although, some researchers such as Jesse Omoregie argue that measuring fear of crime can be problematic as there are various factors like social desirability effects, respondents downplaying or over-exaggerating their fear which can affect the reliability of data. Some degree of 'fear' might be healthy for some people, creating a 'natural defence' against crime. In short, when the risk of crime is real, a specific level of 'fear' might actually be 'functional': worry about crime might stimulate precaution which then makes people feel safer and lowers their risk of crime. The fear of crime is a very important feature in criminology. The influence of public perceptions of neighborhood breakdown and stability Perhaps the biggest influence on fear of crime is public concern about neighbourhood disorder, social cohesion and collective efficacy. The incidence and risk of crime has become linked with perceived problems of social stability, moral consensus, and the collective informal control processes that underpin the social order of a neighborhood. Such 'day-to-day' issues ('young people hanging around', 'poor community spirit', 'low levels of trust and cohesion') produce information about risk and generate a sense of unease, insecurity and distrust in the environment (incivilities signal a lack of conventional courtesies and low-level social order in public places). Moreover, many people express through their fear of crime some broader concerns about neighbourhood breakdown, the loss of moral authority, and the crumbling of civility and social capital. People can come to different conclusions about the same social and physical environment: two individuals who live next door to each other and share the same neighbourhood can view local disorder quite differently. Why might people have different levels of tolerance or sensitivity to these potentially ambiguous cues? UK research has suggested that broader social anxieties about the pace and direction of social change may shift levels of tolerance to ambiguous stimuli in the environment. Individuals who hold more authoritarian views about law and order, and who are especially concerned about a long-term deterioration of community, may be more likely to perceive disorder in their environment (net of the actual conditions of that environment). They may also be more likely to link these physical cues to problems of social cohesion and consensus, of declining quality of social bonds and informal social control. Interpersonal communication and the mass media Hearing about events and knowing others who have been victimised are thought to raise perceptions of the risk of victimisation. This has been described as a 'crime multiplier', or processes operating in the residential environment that would 'spread' the impacts of criminal events. Such evidence exists that hearing of friends' or neighbours' victimisation increases anxiety that indirect experiences of crime may play a stronger role in anxieties about victimisation than direct experience. However, there is a cautionary note: '… many residents of a neighbourhood only know of [crime] indirectly via channels that may inflate, deflate, or garble the picture.' A subject's criminal risk perception is exaggerated by peer-communication on crime and only moderated by the own experience. Public perceptions of the risk of crime are no doubt also strongly shaped by mass media coverage. Individuals pick up from media and interpersonal communication circulating images of the criminal event - the perpetrators, victims, motive, and representations of consequential, uncontrollable, and sensational crimes. The notion of 'stimulus similarity' may be key: if the reader of a newspaper identifies with the described victim, or feels that their own neighbourhood bears resemblance to the one described, then the image of risk may be taken up, personalised and translated into personal safety concerns. Yet the relationship between fear of crime and mass media is unclear, at least in its causal ordering. To put the dilemma in simple terms: do people fear crime because a lot of crime is being shown on television, or does television just provide footage about crimes because people fear crime and want to see what's going on? The complex nature of crime could allow the media to exploit social naivety, covering crime not only selective, but also distorting the everyday world of crime. Some say the media contribute to the climate of fear that is created, because the actual frequency of victimisation is a tiny fraction of potential crime. With crime accounting for up to 25 per cent of news coverage, the quality and angle of the coverage becomes an issue. The media displays violent crime disproportionately, whilst neglecting minor crimes. The reality is violent crime has been declining in the past 10 years The profile of offenders in the media is distorted, causing misunderstanding of criminal offending. Unfortunately, despite an abundant literature on media effects – particularly the 'mean world' hypothesis – little work has been done into how representations, imagery and symbols of crime circulate in society, transmitted and transformed by multiple actors with a wide array of effects, only to translate into personal fears about crime. Perhaps future work will take account of the transmission mechanisms through which representations, beliefs and attitudes about societal risks are propagated in different social and cultural contexts. Fear of crime as socially constructed Fear of crime can also be understood from a social constructionist perspective. The term and concept of fear of crime did not, for example, enter the public or political lexicon until the mid-1960s. That is not to say individuals did not fear crime victimization prior to this period, clearly they did at various points in history to varying degrees. However it demonstrates that fear of crime only became part of a political economy when researchers began to measure and analyse it under the auspice of The US President's Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice which reported in 1967 Once fear of crime had a name it could be deployed as a political tactic in a law and order politics. It also became something that citizens could experience as an emotional response to the threat of victimisation. The formation of a 'fear of crime feedback loop' then allowed more citizens to be surveyed as fearful, more politicians to be able to use crime fear as a political issue, security products to be sold on the back of crime fear and so on in an ever-increasing spiral that popularised crime fear. Moreover, once citizens were seen as being motivated by concerns about crime fear of crime could be used as a responsibilising technique to activate citizens to conduct themselves or consume products in ways that reduce their vulnerability to crime victimisation. This approach to understanding fear of crime does not deny the experiences of individuals who fear crime victimisation but suggests that such experiences have to be understood as being intimately connected to broader socio-political contexts. See also Women's fear of crime Public Criminology External links "Fear of Crime and Perceived Risk." Oxford Bibliographies Online: Criminology. "FBI Violent Crime Report for 2010." FBI Homepage Online. References Other references Criminology Crime Social constructionism

5392948

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Braden

Bill Braden

Bill Braden (born 1954) is a former politician and former news reporter in Northwest Territories, Canada and a former member of the Legislative Assembly of Northwest Territories. Biography Braden was born in Rosthern, Saskatchewan. After graduating high school in 1972, Bill worked for a number of different news papers including the Edmonton Journal. Bill has been active in the political scene since 1970 and is a member of the Liberal Party of Canada. Bill Braden was first elected in the Yellowknife riding of Great Slave in the 1999 Northwest Territories general election and was re-elected in the 2003 Northwest Territories general election. He retired from territorial politics at the dissolution of the Legislature in 2007. He is the brother of former Northwest Territories premier George Braden. After serving several years as an MLA in the territories, Bill attended VanArts to study Digital Photography. Bill also landed the opportunity to write his first book, as a corporate publication for diamond mines in the Northwest Territories. This book came out in 2011 and was titled "On Good Ice: Lifeline to Gold, Diamonds and the Future. The Evolution of Canada's Arctic Ice Road". External links Bill Braden biography Legislative Assembly of Northwest Territories 1954 births Living people Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories People from Rosthern, Saskatchewan People from Yellowknife 21st-century Canadian politicians

5392961

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Brother%20%28Australian%20TV%20series%29

Big Brother (Australian TV series)

Big Brother Australia (also known simply as Big Brother) is an Australian reality show based on the international Big Brother format created by John de Mol. Following the premise of other versions of the format, the show features a group of contestants, known as "housemates" who live together in a specially constructed house that is isolated from the outside world. The housemates are continuously monitored during their stay in the house by live television cameras as well as personal audio microphones. Throughout the course of the competition, housemates are evicted from the house - eliminated from the competition. The last remaining housemate wins the competition and is awarded a cash prize. Big Brother was produced from 2001 and ran for eight seasons and a Celebrity edition on Network Ten before the network cancelled it in July 2008 after experiencing audience erosion and controversy. Big Brother returned in 2012 on the Nine Network. Nine's iteration of the series lasted 3 seasons and was not renewed beyond 2015. In 2019 the Seven Network picked up the series, which is produced by Endemol Shine Australia. All eleven previous seasons were produced by Endemol Australia and Endemol Southern Star. The twelfth season aired in 2020. The series was renewed for a 13th season in June 2020. Seven has also commissioned a new celebrity edition titled Big Brother VIP to air on 1 November 2021. The Ten and Nine iterations of the series used a compound located at the Dreamworld theme park, on the Gold Coast, Queensland, as the Big Brother House. It has since been abandoned and vandalised. In June 2019, the house was set ablaze and burnt down entirely. The entire compound was demolished by Dreamworld in August 2019. A new Big Brother House located on Sydney Harbour's North Head is used for Seven's iteration of the series in season 12, although this house has since been pulled down following season 13. The following VIP season was filmed at a newly built compound in Sydney Olympic Park. The Season 14 was too filmed at this location. Format Housemates must remain in the house at all times, with the aim of avoiding eviction from the house to be the last Housemate remaining to win a substantial cash prize at the end of the series. Alternatively, housemates can also be removed from the house if Big Brother feels this is necessary, and can voluntarily leave the show at any time. In order to support the housemates' well-being, all participants have access to psychologists and a doctor, at all times. Housemates are filmed 24 hours per day with edited highlights broadcast during prime time slots every evening. Big Brother While in the house, the housemates are under the watchful eye of "Big Brother" - the embodiment of the Show's Producers, who will act as an authoritative all-seeing voice of God to the housemates. Housemates are at all times under the control of Big Brother, a rule enforcing authority figure who monitors the behaviour of the housemates, set tasks and punishments and provides the mechanism for contestants to make external requests. Unlike other versions of Big Brother, housemates would refer to Big Brother as if it was one person. Over the course of the series, Big Brother developed a dry wit in his interactions with the Housemates. He would also offer to counsel his housemates in need of His wisdom. Eviction Format Over the duration of the competition, the Housemates will face nominations and evictions to eliminate housemates from the game. However, over the course of the series, the format regarding evictions has changed. Original Format For Ten's and Nine's iterations of the series, the format of the show resembled the original Dutch version of the show - a format adapted by most versions of the Big Brother format. In this format, the competitive aspects are minimised - The eviction decisions were determined by viewer voting, Housemates were not allowed to discuss nominations (at the risk of punishment) and most seasons did not feature any regular competitions for power or safety (with the exceptions being the ‘'Friday Night Games'’ and ‘'Showdowns'’). The main elements of the original format are as follows: Nominations: Every week, the Housemates would participate in nominations, a secret voting process to determine who would be nominated for eviction that week. Each Housemate nominated two other fellow housemates in the Diary Room, providing full reasons to Big Brother for their nominations. The three or more housemates with the most nominations were nominated and faced Australia's vote For Seasons 1-7 and the second half of Season 8; each housemate had 3 nomination points to allocate two housemates - one housemate for two points, and another with one. For the first half of season 8; The power over nominations was given the viewers, with viewers voting to save a housemate via televoting and the 3 lowest vote receivers facing a House Eviction Vote. For Seasons 9-11; each housemate had 5 Nomination Points to allocate to two housemates - For a 3/2 or 4/1 point allocation. Eviction: After the nominations are finalised, voting for viewers is open, the Australian public voting via televoting (and in later seasons via social media) to determine the evictee of that week. As the first four seasons aired in New Zealand on a one-day delay, New Zealand viewers could also participate in the eviction voting (and then vote for the eventual winner). Later seasons aired in New Zealand on an extended delay, with New Zealand viewers being unable to vote. For Seasons 1-5 and the second half of season 8; viewers voted to evict a nominee. The nominee with the most votes is evicted. For Seasons 6 and 7; viewers had the option to both save and evict. Both vote tallies would be combined and the nominee with the highest net-evict vote (or lowest net-save vote), is evicted. For the first half of season 8; the housemates voted between Australia's nominees in a similar style to the original nomination vote (3 Eviction Votes to be allocated in a 2/1 vote allocation). The housemate with the most votes is evicted. For Seasons 9-11; viewers voted to save a nominee. The nominee with the fewest votes is evicted. Finale: The final housemates would face a Final Vote to determine the winner of the series. For Seasons 1–5; viewers voted to evict between the final 2 housemates. The housemate with the fewest votes is declared the winner. For Seasons 6 and 7; viewers had the option to both vote to save and to evict between the final 2 housemates. Both vote tallies would be combined and the housemates with the highest net-save vote (or lowest net-evict vote), is declared the winner. For Season 8; viewers voted to evict between the final 3 housemates. The housemate with the fewest votes is declared the winner. For Seasons 9-11; final voting began with the final 5 or 6 housemates with Australia voted to win. Throughout the final week, the housemates with the lowest vote total are progressively evicted until 3 remain for the grand finale. Of the final 3, the finalist with the most votes to win is declared the winner. Current format In 2020, Seven Network revamped the format of the series to resemble the format of the American & Canadian editions - with housemates deciding both Nominations and Evictions among themselves. The new format added emphasis to the competitive aspect of surviving the eviction process. As such, the housemates will now be allowed to strategise, politic and collude about the nominations and evictions. However, there will still be key differences compared to the American/Canadian format, most prominently with the Australian public still deciding the eventual winner - rather than being decided by a "Jury" of evicted housemates (as is the case on the American and Canadian show). Nominations: At the start of each round, the housemates compete in a "Nomination Challenge". The winner of the competition has immunity from the next eviction and the power over the nominations. Immediately after the challenge, the winning housemate will be called to the Diary Room by Big Brother to name their nominees, and provide full reasons for their nominations. The number of nominees is determined by how far into the overall game housemates are, as the game starts with three nominees and reduces to two nominees towards the end of the game. Eviction: On eviction night, all housemates must vote to evict one of the nominees, with the exception of the nominating housemate (who will only cast a tie-breaker vote, if required), nor do the nominated housemates vote when there are only two nominees (on account of their votes cancelling the other's out). The eviction vote is by secret ballot, with housemates casting their votes orally in the Diary Room to Big Brother, and must provide a reason for their vote. The nominee with the most votes is evicted from the house. Finale: The final three housemates will face Australia's vote to determine the winner. This vote is conducted on a dedicated website, with voters voting for a winner and the finalist with the most votes wins. Prize money The winner of Big Brother Australia receives a cash prize for being the last remaining housemate. In Big Brother 1 - Big Brother 3, Big Brother 8 - Big Brother 10 & Big Brother 13, the prize was guaranteed A$250,000. Some seasons only mentioned the grand prize part-way through the series. Big Brother 11 & Big Brother 12 also intended to have a A$250,000 prize, but tasks and challenges during both seasons resulted in the prize decreasing. In Big Brother 11, the final prize was A$200,000 and in Big Brother 12 the prize was $234,656. In Big Brother 4, the prize money was a guaranteed A$1,000,000. In Big Brother 5 and Big Brother 6 continued to offer the A$1,000,000, but introduced a fine system. The winner of Big Brother 5 received $836,000, while the winner of Big Brother 6 received $426,000. Big Brother 7 was advertised as having no prize money. When the series began, it was revealed the grand prize would be based on the Household's completion of weekly tasks. The money earned for the grand prize was $450,000. In both celebrity spin-offs, Celebrity Big Brother Australia and Big Brother VIP Australia, the winner was awarded $100,000 to the charity of their choice. Tasks & Missions During their time in the house, housemates are given tasks by Big Brother. Punishments Big Brother 5 introduced a fines system in which the $1,000,000 cash prize was decreased by $5,000 each time housemates violated a rule of Big Brother. The house used for the 6th season featured a Punishment Room, where housemates would sometimes be sent to be punished in addition to the $5,000 fine. In Big Brother 7, some changes were made. These monetary fines were subtracted from the household budget rather than from the prize money, while the Punishment Room remained. In Big Brother 9 there was a small, rectangular-shaped room, linked to the lounge. This room was the Naughty Corner. This room was similar to the Punishment Room of the sixth and seventh series. The eighth and ninth series' featured no fines system at all. Instead, Big Brother used the original striking system more frequently that meant when a housemate received three strikes they were evicted. Intruders Most seasons of Big Brother Australia usually includes "Intruders". Intruders are new housemates added to the house by the show's producers as ongoing housemates after the series has started. Intruders will be eligible to win the series but will often face a special "Intruder Eviction" shortly after their entrance to the house (either by House Vote, Australia's vote or some combination of both). Big Brother in Australia Network Ten iteration (2001–08) The first Australian series began to broadcast on 23 April 2001. It was hosted by Gretel Killeen from 2001 to 2007. In late 2007 it was announced that Gretel Killeen would not host the show for its 2008 return as part of a revamp of the formula. In 2008, Big Brother returned for its eighth season with hosts Kyle Sandilands and Jackie O. Ten's chief programmer David Mott admitted the series had recently experienced "audience erosion" inherent with the show's long run. Mott defended the new hosts saying that the ratings for eviction shows held up. Mike Goldman provided narration and voice-overs for all eight seasons. First hiatus Big Brother Australia was axed by Network Ten on 14 July 2008 with the broadcaster confirming that the 2008 season would be the last to air on the channel. A decrease in ratings for the daily shows was cited as the reason for Network Ten opting not to renew its contract for another season. After the show was axed in 2008, there were many rumours about a possible revival by Nine, Seven, Ten, or SBS. SBS Programmer Shawn White denied the show would be revived on their channel despite rumours with Nine CEO David Gyngell notably 'interested' in the idea soon after the cancellation, only to turn it down days later. The Seven Network expressed interest since bidding for the show after the seventh-season finale; however, denied any and all revival occurring a week after the 2008 finale on morning program Sunrise. Most notably, Network Ten expressed some interest in the format when on 3 June 2011, News Limited posted an article suggesting the network may be interested in putting it on its digital channel, Eleven. In the article, Chief Programming Officer David Mott stated that "...Ten have considered ways to bring the show back on a number of occasions'; however, was worried that audiences had 'moved on'. Made mention was the US version where the show has had 12 successful seasons, and a thirteenth on the way." Mott said; "It's a summer show for CBS, it doesn't play in the heart of the ratings season but it's done a pretty good job for them." Nine Network iteration (2012–14) On 9 September 2011, it was reported and later confirmed that the Nine Network had signed a deal with Southern Star Group to bring the Australian version of Big Brother back. On 22 February 2012 it was confirmed that Dreamworld will be used again as the location for the 2012 series. The first episode of the revived series premiered on 13 August 2012 with its daily show airing five nights a week at a family-friendly timeslot of 7pm. After a successful season in 2012, Nine confirmed that the series would be renewed for Season 10 in 2013 during their Nine Network 2013 promotion & during the 2013 finale, host Sonia Kruger confirmed the series renewal for Season 11 in 2014 formally opening auditions. Second hiatus In 2018, "Big Brother" returned to Australia as Nine confirmed they would air the first season of Celebrity Big Brother US. Nine created a special logo for the show resembling the eye logo of Nine's iteration of Big Brother Australia that previously aired on the network. Episodes were "fast-tracked" and available on their streaming service 9Now shortly after their American airing with televised broadcast on 9Go! starting 11 February 2018. Due to low ratings episodes were moved from the 9:30pm timeslot to 11:30pm effective 14 February 2018. No further American seasons of Big Brother aired. On 1 April 2018, a highly publicised April Fools prank by the Australian television news blog TV Tonight reported the return of Big Brother on Ten with Lisa Wilkinson to host. Seven Network iteration (2020–present) On 23 October 2019, Seven Network confirmed it will be reviving the series in 2020. Rumors indicate the series will be closer in format to the American & Canadian versions - particularly given the upfronts trailer featured footage from Big Brother US 17, Big Brother Canada 2 and Big Brother Canada 3 as well as the emphasis on the phrase "Control, Evict, Win" in the promo. The reboot has been compared to Survivor - in which the politicking and strategising regarding the Nomination and Eviction processes is allowed (being disallowed in earlier iterations) and central to the format, with Housemates directly voting each other out of the house. Seven's Director of Programming Angus Ross confirmed there would be no live shows on 26 October. It was announced on 5 February 2020 that Sonia Kruger will return to host Big Brother. The show was renewed for a 13th season (the second with 7) on the 28th of June, 2020. In October 2021, the series was confirmed to return for its 3rd main season with Seven and 14th overall. In celebration of Big Brother Australia's 21st anniversary, season 14 would have former Housemates from all eras of the show returning to compete against new Housemate. A second VIP edition was also confirmed, and as well as Big Brother Canada being made available to stream in Australia on 7plus. Series details and viewership Location First house (2001–2014) The first Big Brother House was located at near Dreamworld, a theme park in Coomera, a northern suburb of the city of the Gold Coast, Queensland. The house was used for Ten and Nine's iteration of Big Brother. Footage from the house is monitored and edited in Dreamworld Studios. There is also an auditorium where the live audience shows, such as the eviction and finale episodes, were staged. The auditorium was an existing facility at Dreamworld used for live stage shows prior to the first series of Big Brother. It was leased to Endemol Southern Star for the duration of the series each year. Only slight modifications were made to the interior of the house for the second series and the special Celebrity Big Brother Australia series that were screened in 2002. Subsequent to those series, the interior of the house has been rebuilt or extensively remodelled for each new series. Two separate houses were built for Big Brother 2003, and they were merged twenty-three days into the series when previously hidden connecting rooms were revealed. The fifth series introduced a Friday Night Live games arena. An animal enclosure was added to the side of the compound for the sixth series. It was retained for the seventh series. During production on the series, visitors could access the Big Brother auditorium and view live footage from the house. This feature was, however, discontinued at the start of the ninth series. Second house (2020–2021) As the original house had burned down, Seven Network who currently produce and broadcast the series decided on a new location for the Big Brother House much closer to where production and crew members live. It has been understood the house has been built inside a warehouse which existed during World War II as an artillery shed, with a secondary building (previously used a gym) housing activities and challenges for the housemates. The exact location is next to the North Head Sanctuary Visitor Centre car park on Sydney Harbour's North Head near Manly. This house has since been pulled down following the 2021 season. Third house (2021–present) The third Big Brother house was built at Sydney Olympic Park in the White Pavilion for the 14th season. Theme music The theme music was adapted from the original theme used in the original Big Brother, which aired in the Netherlands. The theme for Big Brother Australia was written by Siew Ooi and 001 Productions in Melbourne. The track is an extended version of the main title theme used in the first two seasons of Big Brother Australia, and tracks heard throughout the seasons that followed are shorter, remixed versions of this track. The original track can sometimes be heard in the background when eviction votes, or the nomination tally in the Nominations show, are shown on screen, or when eviction phone numbers are during a show. In 2008, the theme music was retooled into an electric amplified remix, in counterpart of the format changes that were made that year. Four years later in the 2012 revival of the program, the original theme song returned with a futuristic remix. The theme song was completely absent from the 2020 season. The title theme was initially released as a single. The track was an extended mix of the main title theme used in the first two seasons, and was released with an acoustic "Diary Room" mix and more trance influenced "Eviction" mix. It barely scraped in the top 50, but was re-released a few months later where it reached #12 on the ARIA charts in 2001 with a B-Side of The Sirens' hit "Don't You Think That It's Strange", which was also co-written by Big Brother 2001 housemates; the Diary Room mix; and an extended version of the Big Brother Uncut theme. International broadcasts New Zealand Between 2001 and 2003, as well during 2005, Big Brother Australia aired on TV2 in New Zealand. The show aired on Prime in 2004. Between 2001 and 2004, the show aired on a one-day delay from the Australian broadcast. As such New Zealand viewers had the ability to cast eviction votes to determine the weekly evictee, however this did not continue in 2005 as the show aired on a three-week delay long after voting in Australia had concluded. The show returned to New Zealand, as part of the TV3 summer line-up in November 2013 with the tenth season of the show. The following eleventh season was also broadcast by TV3 in November 2014. The show then returned to New Zealand and TV3, which has since rebranded as Three, with the Seven iteration of the show in June 2020. This marked the first time the show has aired in primetime in New Zealand since the conclusion of the 2004 season due to the network needing to fill a scheduling gap caused by the COVID-19 pandemic delaying The Block NZ's ninth season to 2021. On 14 July 2020, it was announced due to low ratings, the show would be moving into a later timeslot and would drop to airing two episodes per week. The second season to air on Seven was broadcast online-only, via TVNZ OnDemand, starting 4 May 2021 with the first four episodes and each subsequent episodes being released within 48 hours of the Australian broadcast. Finland The 2020 edition of the show was also broadcast on Finnish streaming service Ruutu.fi from 6 December 2020, with two episodes airing every Sunday. The Netherlands Dutch broadcaster RTL revealed that they are going to broadcast Big Brother Australia from season 12 on RTL 5, starting from 9 April 2021, only one day after their Dutch-Flemish version ended. The broadcast would occur each weekday at 9:30 pm. United States In the United States, seasons 12 and 13 were added to Paramount+ on 16 February 2022. Companion shows Reception Criticism and controversy The series received some criticism from commentators and audiences for its sexual content. The series was occasionally referred to as "Big Brothel" in the press, in reference to the sexual content of the Uncut episode. Criticism was also voiced in the Australian Government, with one politician referring to it as "toxic television". Complaints about Uncut led to it being rebranded Big Brother: Adults Only for the 2006 season. Adults Only was cancelled early in the season due to continuing controversy. Censorship and sexual content After the 2005 series, complaints prompted the Australian Communications and Media Authority to launch an investigation into Big Brother: Uncut. The main complaint was that Network Ten had breached the industry code of practice by broadcasting footage that went past the maximum MA15+ rating for Australian commercial television. The ACMA found Network Ten had breached the code on a number of occasions: The airing of housemate Michael massaging his penis on Gianna's back and hair, allegedly without her consent. Gretel Killeen later expressed her disapproval with Michael's indecent actions (BB 2005). Vesna Tosevska plucking her pubic hair in bed (BB 2005). A song about sexual fetishes (BB 2005). Tim hogtied and dumped in the diary room, where he was tackled and had his testicles hit with a leather strap (BB 2005). Airing of housemates Glenn Dallinger and Michelle Carew-Gibson appearing to have sex in a sauna (BB 2005). In the 2001 season, Big Brother Uncut received backlash for airing a ‘sex scene’ between Peter Timbs and Christina Davis, though neither of the two were having sex, despite making rhythmic sexual movements under the bedsheets. A 'bondage' party earlier in the 2001 season caused concerns when housemate Andrea Silva, a dominatrix in profession, displayed some of her sexual fetishes to the other housemates, where she tied up her shirtless male housemates, pinched their nipples and lashed them with a scourge. Later that night, Sara-Marie Fedele tied up Gordon Sloan on a wooden table and sensually stroke his bare chest. The ACMA did not impose any direct punishment on Network Ten, however outlined requirements for the 2006 series of Uncut. Included in those requirements is a commitment by Network Ten to compile episode footage early enough for censors to evaluate it. Two censors were taken on by the network specifically for Big Brother, and crew were trained on the restrictions of the MA15+ television rating. As a result of criticism, the show was renamed Big Brother: Adults Only for the 2006 season. The daily shows in the first 4 seasons were rated G, despite their (mild) sexual references or innuendos and adult subject matter. The daily shows in the latter seasons were rated PG. Late Night Feast, an adult-oriented show first aired in the 2013 season, was rated M for moderate sexual references, (non-graphic) nudity and coarse language. 2006 alleged sexual assault controversy On 1 July 2006 two housemates, Michael Cox (using the alias Ashley for the show) and Michael Bric (using the alias John), were removed from the house for allegedly sexually assaulting, "Turkey slapping" female housemate, Camilla Halliwell, in a season of the series that had already attracted significant controversy. Following the incident the live feed was temporarily replaced by an old UpLate update of the housemates completing their football task, continuously looped, and the forums on the Big Brother website were removed. Queensland Police were shown the relevant footage, but opted not to conduct a criminal investigation. Subsequent to this incident former housemate Rita Lazzarotto reported that she had been subjected to a similar incident during her time in the Big Brother house in the 2005 series. Then Australian Prime Minister John Howard asked for Big Brother to be cancelled, saying, "Here's a great opportunity for Channel 10 to do a bit of self-regulation and get this stupid program off the air"; Leader of the Opposition Kim Beazley and Senator Steve Fielding supported this view. Queensland Premier Peter Beattie argued that the show employed many Australians in production and that, because of the already diminished size of the Australian television industry, the show should continue. Housemate selection The show's producers aim to get "real people" in the house. This has been done by personality testing, engaging with people around the country and appearances. While there are housemates who are "unique" and reflect many diverse people in Australia, there has been a high number of individuals in the latter seasons who come from a modelling background which has alienated them from the public audience. In the 2007 season, to lower censorship controversies that stemmed from the housemates' generally salacious and revelling personality types from the previous seasons, producers selected more sophisticated, reserved and modest type of housemates, such as Rebecca Dent, a devout Mormon, and Jamie McDonald, a computer geek. Such practise of selecting more educated and mature type of people continued into the latter seasons, with other examples being Michael Beveridge from the 2012 season, who had the IQ of a genius, and Priya Malik, an Indian Australian schoolteacher with an English Honours degree from the 2014 season. Awards and nominations Other media On 8 July 2003, a DVD entitled Big Brother: Unseen/Uncut/Unreel by Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment, featuring risqué moments from the series was released and became marginally successful. It was rated M which means that the DVD requires a mature perspective, however there is no legal restriction on access. The DVD is broken down into three sections. Unseen showed Launch and Eviction episodes, while Uncut features clips from Big Brother Uncut; speaks of how television censorship laws of different countries that have Big Brother seasons that differ from Australia's; footage of the audition process; and a package where Peter Abbott, the voice of Big Brother for the first three seasons, was "Big Brother'd" for a day, where a camera followed him from the time he woke up to when he went to sleep. Unreel section has information on the first three seasons' housemates, including Big Brother 2003's housemates' introduction packages shown at In They Go; an image gallery with information on what the 24 original housemates of the first two seasons were doing at the time of the DVD's release; and an interactive tour of Big Brother 2003's Houses before and after they were merged. Notable contestants 2001 Rachel Corbett Christina Davis Sara-Marie Fedele Blair McDonough 2002 Nathan Morris Brodie Young 2003 Regina Bird Chrissie Swan 2004 Bree Amer Wesley Dening Ryan Fitzgerald 2005 Tim Brunero Simon Deering Greg and David Mathew 2006 Danielle Foote Krystal Forscutt 2007 Jamie McDonald 2008 Craig Barnett Michael Crafter 2013 Ed Lower 2014 Sam Bramham 2020 Daniel Gorringe 2021 Nick Benton Jess Trend See also List of Australian television series References Bibliography External links Big Brother Australia Seven Network original programming Network 10 original programming Nine Network original programming Television shows set in Gold Coast, Queensland 2001 Australian television series debuts 2008 Australian television series endings 2012 Australian television series debuts 2014 Australian television series endings 2020 Australian television series debuts Television series by Endemol Australia Television series by Endemol Australian television series revived after cancellation English-language television shows Dreamworld (Australia) Australian television series based on Dutch television series

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20H.%20Malan

David H. Malan

David Huntingford Malan (21 March 1922 – 2020) was a British psychoanalytic psychotherapy practitioner and researcher recognized for his contribution to the development of psychotherapy. He promoted scientific spirit of inquiry, openness, and simplicity within the field. He is also noted for his development of the Malan triangles, which became a rubric in which therapists can reflect upon what they are doing and where they are in relational space at any given moment. Early life Malan was born in Ootacamund in the province of Tamil Nadu in India on 21 March 1922. His father was English, working in the Indian Civil service as Paymaster General of Madras State, and his mother was American. When Malan was seven years old his father died from pneumonia and Malan and his mother came to England. At preparatory boarding school Malan particularly enjoyed learning Latin and Greek, but as a scholar at Winchester he became interested in chemistry which he then studied, winning a scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford. He graduated in 1944 with a 1st class Honours degree in Chemistry. During the war Malan was seconded to the Special Operations Executive (S.O.E), initially to develop devices for Resistance fighters, and later incendiary bombs for use in the Far East. After a year at Courtaulds doing fundamental research, he knew he wanted to become a Psychotherapist. In 1947 Malan began a training analysis and medical training at the same time with the objective of practising Psychiatry and ultimately Psychotherapy. His initial analysis was with Balint and then with Winnicott. Career After qualifying from the London Hospital in 1952, he worked as a casualty officer, then as a psychiatrist at the Maudsley before transferring to the Tavistock Clinic in 1956. He became a Consultant in the Adult dept. in 1966 and remained there until his retirement in 1982. In 1956, at the Tavistock Clinic, Balint asked him to join his Brief Psychotherapy research group investigating whether brief focal therapy was effective. Malan analysed the results which were highly encouraging. During his early years as a psychotherapist, he already advocated the accurate, reproducible clinical descriptions, as well as the prediction of desirable outcomes prior to the process of therapy or an "intention to treat", which are then followed by unbiased evaluation post-treatment. This approach was met with suspicion during the 1950s within the analytic community, including Malan's colleagues at the Tavistock Clinic. In 1967 Malan developed the Brief Psychotherapy workshop which all trainees were required to attend for one year and treat a patient under his supervision. It attracted students internationally as well as nationally. The aim was to achieve effective therapeutic results in the shortest possible time and to research the factors that made this happen. The therapy was actively interpretive, using the elements of the Two Triangles – the Triangle of Conflict and the Triangle of Person - as the basis for many of the interventions that the therapists made. The outcome data exploded the Myth of Superficiality whereby critics claimed that Brief Psychotherapy could only be helpful with superficially ill patients, that the technique used should be superficial and that only superficial improvements can be achieved. At this time Malan lectured nationally and internationally many times in the US, Canada, Norway, Switzerland, Italy and Greece, describing his active interpretive approach and his investigation of the factors that made Brief Psychotherapy most effective. He received the highest medical Merit award for this work. In 1974, Davanloo showed his tapes of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy to Malan who was convinced by the evidence that the technique used was extremely effective. They began a twelve-year collaboration, doing workshops and lectures together with Davanloo showing his tapes of therapy and Malan outlining the concepts and explaining the principles of the technique. In 1979, Malan wrote Individual Psychotherapy and the Science of Psychodynamics pub. Butterworth-Heinnemann which outlines the principles of Dynamic Psychotherapy from the most elementary to the most profound, using true case histories to illustrate each concept. It has been translated into 8 languages and following a second edition in 1995 is still in print as a classic textbook for psychotherapists. Retirement and death After his retirement, Malan continued to write and lecture extensively on Brief Psychotherapy and Intensive Short Term Dynamic Therapy (ISTDP), publishing his last book "Lives Transformed", in 2006, which he co-authored with Patricia Coughlin. He also put on Conferences in Oxford in 2006 and 2008 to demonstrate the effectiveness of ISTDP as a method of Brief Psychotherapy. Following these conferences, core training courses developed, and therapists, who completed them and have become experienced, have continued to lecture and teach subsequent core trainings. In 2005, Malan received a Career Achievement Award in recognition of his contribution to Psychotherapy from the International Experiential Dynamic Therapy Association, of which he was Emeritus President since its inception. He died in 2020. Brief Psychotherapy Although trained as an analyst, initially using analysis in therapy, and recognising the validity of analytic insights, Malan has always been concerned that analysis takes too long and too few patients can be treated. His research and writing therefore focussed on finding the most effective treatment that can help more patients in the shortest possible time. Balint's Brief Therapy Research Group. In 1956, after becoming a psychotherapist at the Tavistock Clinic, Malan was invited by Balint to join his Brief Psychotherapy research group investigating whether brief focal therapy was effective. Patients were treated using a radical interpretive approach and the results were evaluated against specified criteria and, in general, they were extremely good. Malan analysed the results in his Oxford DM thesis and subsequently developed the ideas in A Study of Brief Psychotherapy : Tavistock publications 1963. Other publications analysing aspects of the results were The Frontier of Brief Psychotherapy and Toward the Validation of Dynamic Psychotherapy - both published by Plenum in 1976. Brief Psychotherapy Workshop Following his appointment as a Consultant in the Adult dept., Malan introduced a Brief Psychotherapy workshop which all trainees were required to attend. They presented cases where they had used the principles of Brief Psychotherapy under his supervision. The aim was to achieve effective therapeutic results in the fewest sessions and to research the factors that made this possible. In the workshop the technique was actively interpretive. The work was initially focussed on the presenting problems but became more wide-ranging with responsive patients and demonstrated deep and lasting changes. An account of twenty-four therapies completed by trainees as part of the Brief Psychotherapy Workshop is summarised in ‘Psychodynamics, Training and Outcome’ by Malan and Osimo, pub. Butterworth –Heinemann 1992. It is based not only on the sessions but on the follow-up of a series of patients, and shows that good therapeutic results can be achieved by trainees under supervision. The Two Triangles A key element of therapy is the linking of the Two Triangles - the Triangle of Conflict (Defence, Anxiety and Hidden Feeling) and the Triangle of Persons (Current, Transference/Present and Past). The Triangle of Conflict illustrates the relation between anxiety, defences and the underlying impulses or feelings. The Triangle of Persons shows the links between the relationship with the therapist, with current people in the patient's life, and with people from their past. Malan always acknowledges that each Triangle was independently devised by Ezriel (1952) and Menninger (1958) respectively, but he showed how, when put together, the relation between them for the patient at any given moment in therapy, can form a reliable basis for many of the interventions that the therapist makes. Ref: Individual Psychotherapy and the Science of Psychodynamics (p. 80) As early as 1963 in his analysis of cases in Balint's workshop, Malan had identified that good outcome correlated with a high frequency of interpretations making a link between the transference and childhood, but the full significance and usefulness of the concept of linking the Triangles came later. The Myth of Superficiality Research from the workshop exploded the ‘myth of superficiality’ whereby critics maintain that Brief Psychotherapy is a superficial treatment that can only be effective with superficially ill patients, bringing about superficial results. Malan maintains that the aim of every session is to ‘put the patient in touch with as much of their true feelings as they can bear and that the long-term outcome should demonstrate deep and lasting changes.’ The work does not have to be focal and limited to specific problems and should lead to therapeutic changes that are wide-ranging, deep-seated and permanent. This has been shown in many of Malan's follow-up studies where Brief Therapy and Intensive Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy have been used. Collaboration with Habib Davanloo In 1974 Davanloo presented videotapes of his therapeutic work using Intensive Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) at the Tavistock Clinic. The essence of ISTDP is to enable the patient to reach and experience their hitherto buried, and often unconscious feelings, which have been governing their emotional responses leading to deep-seated neurotic patterns of behaviour that in many cases have crippled their lives. He does this by challenging the defences that the patient has been using to avoid painful feelings of loss, grief, anger, hate and guilt about people who they loved and /or needed when children. Although aspects of Davanloo's challenging and sometimes abrasive technique were antipathetic to him, Malan recognised that the challenge was to the defences, not to the patient directly, and results were conclusive and convincing. The videotapes showed undeniable evidence that patients could be treated in a relatively few sessions (40 or fewer) and fully recover from a range of longstanding emotional and psychosomatic illnesses. Malan and Davanloo collaborated for twelve years from 1974, doing many Conferences and Workshops worldwide. Davanloo showed his tapes of therapy while Malan outlined the rationale and objectives of the technique and explained the elements of the therapy. After his retirement, Malan wrote many books and articles about Davanloo's concepts and technique. Subsequent Developments using Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy. It became apparent that the abrasive element when challenging the defences is not necessary, and the same results can be achieved by blocking them much more gently but persistently until they disintegrate. Malan recognised that as long as the patient reaches and experiences the buried, often previously unconscious painful feelings, they no longer have the power to govern their emotional responses. It is the avoidance of these feelings that underlies many neurotic and psychosomatic symptoms. Malan has worked with many of Davanloo's ex-trainees lecturing and writing extensively. In 2006 he co-authored with Patricia Coughlin ‘Lives Transformed – a Revolutionary Method of Dynamic Psychotherapy’ pub. Karnac. In order to introduce Intensive Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy to the UK, Malan organised two Conferences in Oxford in 2006 and 2008, where video-tapes of therapies were shown. Following these Core Training groups were established. Subsequent Conferences have been held demonstrating ISTDP and currently there are Core trainings in London and the North of England. Malan hopes ISTDP will become available as a treatment method on the N.H.S. as it so effective, but it is difficult to learn and challenging to do. Scientific principles and Brief Psychotherapy A hallmark of Malan's work is his scientific approach to research in Psychotherapy. He is convinced that psychodynamic processes can and should be scientifically studied, and he rigorously insists on long-term follow-ups to see how effective therapy really has been and what factors contributed to this. Outcome Studies Malan believes that one of the most important tools for this ‘objective study of subjective matter’ is long-term follow-up interviews to obtain reliable psychodynamic outcome data. He considers that questionnaires are useless, and proper follow-up interviews are necessary based on the initial criteria the therapist sets for the complete resolution of the presenting problems. To this end he has carried out many such follow-ups and trained others to do so. These outcome studies are actually process and outcome studies as they analyse the process of change as well as the long-term results. He published papers throughout his career evaluating outcome data which showed that the results of Brief Psychotherapy are as good as, or better than, those found in long-term therapy. Publications Books A Study of Brief Psychotherapy : Tavistock publications 1963 . Reprinted Plenum 1975. Translated into 7 languages. The Frontier of Brief Psychotherapy : Plenum 1976 Towards the Validation of Brief Psychotherapy : Plenum 1979 Individual Psychotherapy and the Science of Psychodynamics : pub. Butterworth-Heinemann !979 Second edition 1995 Reprinted in 8 languages. Psychodynamics, Training and Outcome in Brief Psychotherapy : Malan and Osimo pub. Butterworth-Heinemann 1992 Anorexia, Murder and Suicide : pub Butterworth-Heinemann 1997 Lives transformed – a Revolutionary Method of Dynamic Psychotherapy : Malan and Coughlin pub:Karnac 2006 Throughout his career Malan consistently published research papers and wrote chapters in books. Significant ones include: Malan, D.H. (1978a) Exploring the limits of brief psychotherapy. In H. Davanloo (Ed.) Basic Principles and Techniques in Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (pp43 –67). New York. Spectrum Publications Malan, D.H. (1978b) Evaluation criteria for selection of patients. In H.Davanloo (Ed) Basic Principles and Techniques in Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (pp. 85 –97). New York. Spectrum Publications. Malan, D.H. (1980) The most important development in psychotherapy since the discovery of the unconscious. In H. Davanloo (Ed) Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy, (pp. 13–23) Northvale NJ: Aronson. Malan, D.H. (2001) The Way Ahead. In Short-Term Therapy for Long-term Change. New York. Norton. Malan D.H. (1986) Beyond Interpretation: Part I and II. International Journal of Short-term Psychotherapy, I (2), (pp. 59–82, 83-106) References Sources Malan, D.H. (1963) A Study of Brief Psychotherapy Tavistock Publications. Reprinted Plenum Malan, D.H. (1976a). The Frontier of Brief Psychotherapy. New York: Plenum Press Malan, D.H. (1976b). Toward the Validation of Dynamic Psychotherapy. New York: Plenum Press. Malan, D.H. (1979). Individual Psychotherapy and the Science of Psychodynamics. London: Butterworth- Heinemann. Malan, D.H. and Osimo, F. (1992). Psychodynamics, Training and Outcome in Brief Psychotherapy. London: Butterworth- Heinemann. Malan, D.H. and Coughlin Della Selva, P. (2006) Lives Transformed – a Revolutionary Method of Dynamic psychotherapy. London Karnack Osimo, F and Stein, M.J. Theory and Practice of Experiential Dynamic Therapy London: Karnac (pp 9–13, 23 -42). 1922 births 2020 deaths Psychodynamics British psychiatrists British psychotherapists British people in colonial India British people of American descent People from Nilgiris district

5392982

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globe%20Theatre%2C%20Regina

Globe Theatre, Regina

Globe Theatre in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada was founded in 1966 by Ken and Sue Kramer. It was the first professional educational theatre company in Saskatchewan. Background Founded in 1966 by Ken and Sue Kramer, Globe Theatre was Saskatchewan's first professional theatre company. It was named for Shakespeare's Globe Theatre in London. Globe Theatre is the province's largest performing arts organization and the regional theatre for Regina. The theatre is housed in the Prince Edward Building in downtown Regina, a designated heritage site that was built in 1906 as the Regina Post Office and RCMP headquarters and later became City Hall. The theatre took over the second and third floors of the building in 1981. In 2014, Globe Theatre purchased The Prince Edward Building. Globe Theatre programs two stages: a 406-seat theatre-in-the-round stage and a 100-seat black box space where the theatre produces emerging artists and work. The theatre produces six productions per year. The Globe Theatre School was launched in 2006. Artistic directors Ken Kramer (1966–1989) Susan Ferley (1989–1998) Ruth Smillie (1998–2019) Jennifer Brewin (2020-present) See also Globe Theatre (Shakespeare's) List of Canadian organizations with royal patronage Saskatchewan Royal Connections Culture in Regina, Saskatchewan References External links Globe Theatre fonds (R3474) at Library and Archives Canada 1966 establishments in Saskatchewan Culture of Regina, Saskatchewan Organizations based in Regina, Saskatchewan Organizations established in 1966 Theatre companies in Saskatchewan Theatres completed in 1966 Organizations based in Canada with royal patronage Tourist attractions in Regina, Saskatchewan

5393014

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpina%20%C5%BDiri

Alpina Žiri

Alpina is an Slovenian footwear manufacturing company founded in 1947 after several private shoe making workshops with long tradition joined together in the town of Žiri. Initially named "Žiri Shoe Factory", it was renamed "Alpina" in 1951. In 1985, the company employed almost 2,000 people. Alpina operates as a joint stock company, with approximately a thousand employees producing over 1.7 million pairs of shoes and boots each year. The greater part of production is sold abroad under their own brand name. Alpina currently produces athletic, and winter sports footwear through its subsidiary "Alpina Sports". Products include snow boots,. The company also produces a line of shoes for different purposes, such as oxford and derby shoes, platform and ballet shoes, and sandals. Alpina is the leading producer of cross-country boots, with a 30 percent world market share and provides for several cross-country and biathlon national teams (Slovenia, Norway, Sweden, Italy, and Canada). Products are exported to countries where skiing is extremely popular, including the United States, Croatia, Germany, the Czech Republic, Austria, and Poland. Alpina also has expanded its network of retail stores, mostly in the South East Europe. Controversy During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Alpina refused to join the international community and withdraw from the Russian market. Research from Yale University published on August 10, 2022 identifying how companies were reacting to Russia's invasion identified Alpina in the worst category of "Digging in", meaning Defying Demands for Exit: companies defying demands for exit/reduction of activities. References External links Retail companies established in 1947 Shoe companies of Slovenia Ski equipment manufacturers Slovenian brands

5393034

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain%20Brook%20School%20System

Mountain Brook School System

The Mountain Brook School System serves the city of Mountain Brook, a area outside of Birmingham, Alabama, United States. The school system supports a city with approximately 20,600 residents. The system was established in 1959 in order to avoid federal desegregation. The school system is one of the most segregated school districts in America. Educators and students have recently tried to implement diversity programming following anti-Semitic events working with the Anti-Defamation League, but the School Board cut ties with the Anti-Defamation League after hearing parent opposition. The Mountain Brook School System has four elementary schools that serve kindergarten through the sixth grade. These schools are Brookwood Forest Elementary School, Cherokee Bend Elementary School, Crestline Elementary School, and Mountain Brook Elementary School. Upon completion of the sixth grade, students flow into Mountain Brook Junior High School where they attend seventh through ninth grades. The school system has only one high school, Mountain Brook High School, which serves grades ten through twelve. The school system has enjoyed a low rate of turnover in its leadership. In 2009, the system celebrated the 50th anniversary of its founding and that year marked the hiring of Dicky Barlow, former principal of Mountain Brook High School, as only the 4th superintendent in the 50-year history of the system. There is also a private school, Highlands Day School, within Mountain Brook's city limits, but it is not part of the Mountain Brook School System. In 2019, Niche ranked the system the 24th best school district in America. In 2017, Mountain Brook Elementary was named a State School of Character, one of only two in Alabama to receive this honor. Schools that receive this recognition demonstrate a dedicated focus on character development. Newsweek Magazine recognized MBHS as one of the nation's top 100 high schools. In 2016, Mountain Brook Schools was named the international Outstanding District by the International Society for Technology in Education. Mountain Brook Board of Education The Mountain Brook Board of Education consists of five members appointed by the Mountain Brook City Council. Each member serves a five-year term, with one seat up for appointment by the Council each year. The Board is currently: Anna Comer Brad Sklar Nicky Barnes (President) Jeffrey Brewer (Vice President) Jennifer Kimbrough Mountain Brook City Schools Foundation Since 1992, the Mountain Brook School System's funding has been significantly enhanced its own foundation, lessening its dependence on state funds with each passing year. Any funds raised as a result of the foundation's actions are added to a permanent endowment that is used to support any of the school's academic needs. Since its inception, the foundation's main focus has been in the areas of technology, professional development, and library enhancement. Because of the endowment, the foundation has been able to commit over $5 million in grants to the school system between 1995 and 2013. According to MBCSF, this money was used to complete 55,628 hours of teacher training, purchase in excess of 600 computer workstations, and add 4,500 books to its libraries. In 2004, the Mountain Brook City Schools Foundation launched its first public campaign since 1996. The idea behind the Aim Higher campaign was to allow anyone in the Mountain Brook Community a chance to "invest in the future of Mountain Brook by investing in the education of its young people." The plan was to ask every family in the school system to contribute at least $1,500 over a three- to five-year period, with donations totaling $2 million, allowing Mountain Brook's endowment to grow to approximately $9 million. With $8.2 million raised, the foundation is nearing its goal. Mountain Brook City Schools Brookwood Forest Elementary School Brookwood Forest Elementary (BWF) is a public elementary school within the Mountain Brook School System. It serves kindergarten through sixth grades and enrolled approximately 530 students during the 2017-2018 school year. Nathan Pitner serves as principal. Cherokee Bend Elementary School Cherokee Bend Elementary (CBE) is a public elementary school formed in 1969 in the Mountain Brook School system. One of four schools, it serves kindergarten through sixth grade with approximately 524 students enrolled during the 2007-2008 school year. Betsy Bell serves as Principal of the school and Jennifer Galloway is assistant principal. Crestline Elementary School Crestline Elementary School (CES) is the largest elementary in the Mountain Brook School System and is home to over 700 students. Accredited in 1973, Crestline Elementary belongs to the Southern Association of Schools and Colleges and serves kindergarten through sixth grades. Christy Christian serves as principal, with Josh Watkins and Catherine Waters as assistant principals. Mountain Brook Elementary School Mountain Brook Elementary (MBE) is located in the heart of Mountain Brook Village. MBE is a public elementary school in the Mountain Brook School System, serving kindergarten through sixth grades with about 550 students. It is the oldest school in the Mountain Brook System. The school was constructed in the 1920s. Mountain Brook Elementary is also a Leader in Me school and has been recognized as a Lighthouse School. Ashley McCombs serves as principal. Brannon Aaron serves as the assistant principal. Mountain Brook Junior High School Mountain Brook Junior High (MBJH)serves as a public middle school within the Mountain Brook School System. The school contains grades seven through nine and currently has just over 1000 students enrolled. The junior high administration is headed by principal Donald Clayton. The athletic teams wear green and gold and are supported by their mascot, the spartan. Beginning with the 2014-2015 School year, MBJH started their first year in VEX IQ robotics under the direction of Mr. James Salvant. His excellent leadership and direction proved valuable in that MBJH won the Alabama VEX IQ State Championship. That event placed the MBJH team in competition at the VEX World Championships in Louisville KY, the largest educational robotics competition in the world where more than 850 teams from 29 nations gathered at the Kentucky Exposition Center to compete with custom-built robots during three days of intense back-to-back matches. The MBJH team finished 12th overall and the members were John Shows and Caleb Summitt. Mountain Brook High School Mountain Brook High School (MBHS) is a three-year public high school serving the Mountain Brook School System. Situated on of land the school serves grades ten through twelve and enrolled approximately 1004 students during the 2007-2008 school year. The principal is Amanda Hood. The Spartan Arena serves for basketball, volleyball, and wrestling purposes. A new front entrance to the high school was completed in the fall of 2008. The quality of education is apparent by the many accomplishments of the student body. Currently about 98% of Mountain Brook students go on to colleges and universities in the U.S. Over 500 MBHS students have been named National Merit Finalists, and three Rhodes scholars have graduated from MBHS. College Board's Advanced Placement Program honored MBHS for academic excellence and outstanding support and participation in the AP Program. MBHS has won 122 State Athletic Championships in its 40-year history. References School districts in Alabama Education in Jefferson County, Alabama Mountain Brook, Alabama 1959 establishments in Alabama School districts established in 1959

5393052

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20F.%20Burke%20%28politician%29

James F. Burke (politician)

James Francis Burke (October 21, 1867 – August 8, 1932) was Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania. Early life James Burke was born in Petroleum Center, Pennsylvania to Irish immigrants. He studied law at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor where he graduated 1892. While at Michigan he organized the American Republican College League, the predecessor to the College Republicans. Petitioning then president, Republican William McKinley Burke won approval for the organization and hosted an inaugural banquet attended by McKinley along with 1,500 college students The organization quickly spread to almost every college in the country. In 1888, at age 21, Burke was made secretary of the committee in charge of the dedication of the then-new Allegheny County Court House, at which President Rutherford B. Hayes made the dedicating address. Legal career After graduating from the University of Michigan, he was admitted to the Allegheny County bar the same year. Subsequently, he was admitted to the Superior and Supreme courts of Pennsylvania, and later to the United States Supreme Court, and commenced practice in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was the secretary of the Republican National Committee in 1892, resigning during the same year to devote his entire time to his duties as president of the American Republican College League. Political career Burke ran for Congress in 1904 and was elected by a wide majority. He subsequently served five consecutive terms. He was chairman of the congressional committee which inaugurated William Howard Taft as the president of the United States. During his time in congress, Burke served on a number of committees, including: Committee on Education – Chairman Military Affairs Committee Committee on Banking and Currency He had a hand in a number of important pieces of legislation, including taking an active role in framing the Federal Reserve Act which created the Federal Reserve Bank, America's central bank. He was appointed a delegate to the Parliamentary Peace Conference at Brussels in 1905. He was appointed by President Benjamin Harrison to codify the navigation laws of the United States. He was officer of, or a delegate to, the Republican National Conventions from 1892 to 1924, with the exception of the year 1912. Post-Congress career He was not a candidate for renomination in 1914. In December, 1917, he became United States Government Director of War Savings during the First World War. Following his political career, Burke resumed the practice of law, practicing for 10 years as a criminal lawyer at the Allegheny county bar. Additionally, he was elected General Counsel of the Republican National Committee in December 1927 and served until his death. He was parliamentarian of the Republican National Convention at Kansas City, Missouri, in 1928. Burke wrote a number of treatises, including "The Powers of the President", investigating the role of the president during wartime, and a history of the World Peace Conference entitled "Perplexing Problems of the World's Peace Conference". Personal Burke was an avid golfer and belonged to a number of golf and country clubs. He was founder of the Beaumaris Yacht Club, in Beaumaris, Ontario, where he had a summer house. He may also have been a member of the very exclusive Bath and Tennis Club in Palm Beach, Fl. At one point the United States Golf Association asked him to prepare a set of rules which was ultimately presented to the international committee at St. Andrews in Scotland. In 1895, Burke married Josephine Birch Scott of Detroit, Michigan, and had two children, James Scott Burke and Josephine Frances Burke. He died in Washington, D.C., and is buried in the Roman Catholic Calvary Cemetery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. References Sources Pittsburgh Press, Feb 17, 1929, Rep Burke hosted luncheon for Pres-Elect Hoover at the Bath and Tennis Club 1867 births 1932 deaths American people of Irish descent Burials at Calvary Catholic Cemetery (Pittsburgh) University of Michigan Law School alumni College Republican National Committee chairs College Republicans Pennsylvania lawyers People from Venango County, Pennsylvania Politicians from Pittsburgh Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania

5393056

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruy

Ruy

Ruy may refer to: Arts and Entertainment Ruy, the Little Cid, Spanish animated television series Ruy Blas, a character in the eponymous tragic drama by Victor Hugo People another form of Rui, a Portuguese male given name another form of the Spanish male given name Rodrigo Ruy López de Segura (1530-1580), Spanish chess player Ruy Ramos (born 1957), Japanese footballer Ruy (footballer) (born 1989), Brazilian footballer Places Ruy, Isère, a commune in France Ruy, Iran, a city in Iran Ruy Special Town, a village in Iran Ruy Mountain, a mountain on the border of Bulgaria and Serbia Other uses Ruy Lopez, a chess opening named after the Spanish chess player

5393065

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ship%20commissionings%20in%201917

List of ship commissionings in 1917

The list of ship commissionings in 1917 includes a chronological list of ships commissioned in 1917. In cases where no official commissioning ceremony was held, the date of service entry may be used instead. References See also 1917 Ship commissionings Ship commissionings Ship commissionings

5393071

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Innocence%20Project%20%28disambiguation%29

The Innocence Project (disambiguation)

The Innocence Project is a 2006–2007 BBC television series. The Innocence Project may also refer to: The Innocence Project, a non-profit legal organization in the United States founded in 1992 by Barry Scheck and Peter Neufeld Alaska Innocence Project, an Alaska (USA) organization based on the group above California Innocence Project, a California (USA) organization based on the group above Georgia Innocence Project, a Georgia (USA) organization based on the group above Illinois Innocence Project, an Illinois (USA) organization based on the group above Innocence Project of Texas, a Texas (USA) organization based on the group above Innocence Project New Orleans, a Louisiana (USA) organization based on the group above Medill Innocence Project, an Illinois (USA) organization based on the group above Nebraska Innocence Project, a Nebraska (USA) organization based on the group above Northern California Innocence Project, a California (USA) organization based on the group above

5393086

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douala%20International%20Airport

Douala International Airport

MD-Douala International Airport () is an international airport located in Douala, the largest city in Cameroon and the capital of Cameroon's Littoral Region. With its 4 terminals and an average of 1.5 million passengers and 50,000 tonnes of freight per year it is the country's busiest airport. The airport is managed and partly owned (34%) by the company Aeroport du Cameroon (ADC) which also manages all other 13 airports on Cameroonian soil. Runway Douala Airport has a single runway, 12/30, with a length of 2,880 m (9,448 ft). Between 1 and 21 March 2016, the runway was closed for upgrade works; all airlines switched operations to Yaoundé Airport during that period. This formed part of a renovation plan of 20 billion CFA (US$36,363,636 million), financed by the French Agency of Development, which targeted a two-stage renovation: first the airport's runway, and then its terminals and interior. Statistics Airlines and destinations Passenger Accidents and incidents 4 March 1962: Caledonian Airways Flight 153 3 December 1995: Cameroon Airlines Flight 3701 5 May 2007: the Kenya Airways Flight 507 scheduled for Abidjan - Douala - Nairobi crashed in Mbanga Pongo near Douala international airport, two minutes after it took off from the airport. Although the weather was bad, the report from the Cameroonian civil aviation authority said the pilots were to blame for the crash. There were 114 fatalities, including 37 Cameroonians, 15 Indians and one American. References External links Airports in Cameroon Buildings and structures in Douala

5393088

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimston%2C%20Norfolk

Grimston, Norfolk

Grimston is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk, approximately 6 miles north-east of King's Lynn. It covers an area of and had a population of 1,952 in 823 households at the 2001 census, increasing to a population of 1,980 at the 2011 Census. For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk. The village is a few miles away from the Royal family residence at Sandringham House. The village was built on a spring line and a Roman villa was found near Watery Lane in the late 19th century. Subsequently, Roman villas were found in the neighbouring villages of Gayton Thorpe and Well Hall to the south and Congham and Appleton to the north. Some red bricks from the villas were re-used in the church, on buttresses and on the South Wall. Grimston, and particularly the nearby hamlet of Pott Row were quite significant centres of pottery production from the 11th to 16th centuries, and important suppliers of this to Scandinavia. Grimstonware finds have also been made in Italy and Spain. Pots often had faces carved just under the rim. Some of these can be seen in local museums including the Castle Museum, Norwich. The Grade I listed Church of St Botolph has late Saxon or early Norman origins, largely extended in the 14th and 15th centuries. Schools that serve the area of Grimston are Holly Meadows School (Primary) in Vong Lane and Springwood High School in King's Lynn (Secondary). Adam Thoroughgood (1604 -1640) was born in Grimston. He was a prominent Virginia settler in the 1620s, naming the city of Norfolk, Virginia after his home county. The district of Thoroughgood in Virginia Beach is named after him, and a house he built there is open as Adam Thoroughgood House. Name Grimston is a mixture of Anglo-Saxon and Old Norse words. Other place names with this formulation are called Grimston Hybrids. Grim is an alternative name for Odin, as well as being a commonly used personal name, and ton is from the Anglo-Saxon word for town or village. Governance An electoral ward of the same name exists. The population of this ward taken at the 2011 Census was 2,237. Notes External links Villages in Norfolk Civil parishes in Norfolk King's Lynn and West Norfolk

5393097

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20mountains%20in%20Bulgaria

List of mountains in Bulgaria

Mountains constitute a significant part of Bulgaria and are dominant in the southwest and central parts. Bulgaria's highest mountains are Rila (highest peak Musala, 2925 m; the highest in the Balkans) and Pirin (highest peak Vihren, 2914 m). The large mountain chain of Stara planina (Balkan Mountains) runs west–east across the entire country, bisecting it and giving the name to the entire Balkan peninsula. Other extensive mountains are the massifs Rhodopes and Strandzha in the south. List of mountains in Bulgaria with their highest peaks List of peaks above 2500 m Gallery See also List of mountain peaks in Pirin Rila Balkan Mountains Rhodope Mountains List of mountains of the Balkans List of European ultra-prominent peaks List of the highest European ultra-prominent peaks List of mountain ranges Most isolated major summits of Europe Southernmost glacial mass in Europe External links Водач за българските планини Bulgaria Mountains Bul

5393106

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%20Roche

Lee Roche

Lee Paul Roche (born 28 October 1980) is an English former professional footballer. He played as a right sided full-back but could also play on the right of midfield. Club career Manchester United Roche started his career as a trainee at Manchester United but made only one substitute appearance in the league against Newcastle United. He also started a League Cup game against Arsenal and a Champions League tie against Deportivo la Coruna. During his time with the 'Red Devils' the young full-back was loaned out to Wrexham for the 2000–01 season, and was a key member of the team for the entire season, playing in 41 of the 46 league games. Burnley At the end of 2003 Roche was released on a free transfer from Manchester United. Burnley were the team to take advantage of this situation with then manager Stan Ternent using his connections to the Old Trafford club to sign the promising youngster to a two-year deal. In his first season, Roche wasn't a first team regular, despite scoring an outstanding 25-yard volley against Crystal Palace on his debut which although credited to him was a clear own goal. Towards the end of the 2003–04 season though, he began to push the previous right back, Dean West out of the side. Unfortunately for Roche, Ternent's contract wasn't renewed and Steve Cotterill was appointed as the new manager at Turf Moor. Cotterill did not rate Roche as highly as Ternent had done, and brought in Mike Duff from Cheltenham Town instead. Roche still featured in the team fairly regularly though, but out of position on the right side of midfield where he looked much less comfortable. Roche scored his only other Burnley goal in a famous 2–1 victory at Elland Road against Leeds United. Wrexham After his two-year contract with Burnley expired, Roche returned to play for Wrexham in the summer of 2005. He scored on his second debut for the club against Boston United. At the end of the 2006–07 season Roche was released by Wrexham after a disappointing season in which they just avoided relegation to the Football Conference. Later career He joined Droylsden in 2007, staying with the club until February 2011. International career Roche made one appearance for the England under-21s; he started the 2−2 draw with Finland during qualifying for the 2002 UEFA European Under-21 Championship. Retirement Following a sequence of injuries and falling out of love with the game, Roche retired from football at age 27. He now works as a plumber and cavity wall remover and also coaches the Bury F.C. under-11 side. References External links 1980 births Living people Footballers from Bolton English footballers Association football defenders Manchester United F.C. players Wrexham A.F.C. players Burnley F.C. players Droylsden F.C. players Premier League players English Football League players National League (English football) players

5393115

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20E.%20Matthews

A. E. Matthews

Alfred Edward Matthews (22 November 186925 July 1960), known as A. E. Matthews, was an English actor who played numerous character roles on the stage and in film for eight decades. Already middle-aged when films began production, he enjoyed increasing renown from World War II onwards as one of the British cinema's most famous crotchety, and sometimes rascally, old men. Biography Matthews was born in Bridlington, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Nicknamed "Matty", he was christened Alfred Edward Matthews. A prominent stage actor by his mid-40s, Matthews was among several theatre figures who then began a film career during the silent era with the British Actors Film Company, a production company that operated between 1916 and 1923. Matthews toured during World War II in The First Mrs. Fraser, with Dame Marie Tempest and Barry Morse, and was later cast in the extremely popular films Carry On Admiral, Doctor at Large and Around the World in 80 Days, in which he played a mainstay of the Reform Club. Matthews's other best-known films include The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, The Million Pound Note (with Gregory Peck), Inn for Trouble, The Magic Box, The Ghosts of Berkeley Square and Just William's Luck. In 1951 Matthews was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire by King George VI, and on 15 August 1951 when aged 81 he was interviewed by Roy Plomley as the guest "castaway" on BBC Radio's long-running Desert Island Discs programme. He was Roy Plomley's 100th castaway. In his 89th year, Matthews made national headlines by sitting for several days and nights on the pavement outside his beautiful Georgian home near London, his purpose being to prevent the council from installing a new streetlight, the design of which he felt was totally out of keeping with the neighbourhood and which badly needed improvement. Spike Milligan penned an episode of the Goon Show entitled "The Evils of Bushey Spon" based on the incident. The programme, first broadcast on 17 March 1958, included a guest appearance by Matthews himself at the end of the episode, and this part of the show was ad-libbed as Milligan knew Matthews had never used a script in his life, and wrote blank lines for him. Much laughter was obtained by the larking around of the Goons interaction with their guest. Shortly afterwards, on 5 May 1958, Matthews appeared on the live BBC TV programme This Is Your Life, a notable feature of which occurred at the end when he was faded out just as he began to speak directly to the television theatre audience. Having regaled audience and viewers throughout the show with highly engaging reminiscences, there were many press and public complaints to the BBC about the fade out. Host Eamonn Andrews recalled in his autobiography that "Matty had been a bit of a hellion all his life, a loveable, unpredictable rebel whose sense of fun was monumental. I knew I had a tough assignment on my hands once the decision was made to present his 'life'. On transmission, he did just about every solitary thing calculated to wreck the show's intricate timing and drive me up the drapes. He snorted, contradicted, interrupted, laughed, and, at one stage, even stretched out on the couch and said he was going to have a snooze.". On the following day, the Yorkshire Post declared that "There has never been a This Is Your Life quite like it", and a Daily Express article titled Mattie's BBC Fade-Out Angers Viewers wrote that "This was THE life of the whole series." Matthews was still working as an actor right up until his death two years later. He died on 25 July 1960 in Bushey Heath, Hertfordshire, aged 90. A Blue Plaque is displayed on his former home at 38 Little Bushey Lane, WD23 4RN. In 2008 Greg Knight, the Member of Parliament for the East Riding of Yorkshire constituency, (which includes Matthews's birthplace, Bridlington), launched a successful campaign to have his birthplace recognised with a Blue Plaque. A special ceremony to commemorate his life and career was held in the town on 22 November 2008, organised and compered by Knight. It was attended by the ventriloquist Ray Alan, who knew Matthews and who spoke about his memories of him. Filmography A Highwayman's Honour (1914 short) Wanted: A Widow (1916 short) The Real Thing at Last (1916 short) as Murdered The Lifeguardsman (1916) as Lt. Tosh Once Upon a Time (1918) as Guy Travers The Lackey and the Lady (1919) Castle of Dreams (1919) as Gerald Sumner The Iron Duke (1934) as Lord Hill Men Are Not Gods (1936) as Frederick Skeates Quiet Wedding (1941) as Arthur Royd This England (1941) "Pimpernel" Smith (1941) as Earl of Meadowbrook The Great Mr. Handel (1942) as Charles Jennens Thunder Rock (1942) as Mr. Kirby The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943) as President of Tribunal The Man in Grey (1943) as Auctioneer Escape to Danger (1943) as Sir Thomas Leighton They Came to a City (1944) as Sir George Gedney The Way Ahead (1944) as Colonel Walmsley Love Story (1944) as Col. Pitt Smith Twilight Hour (1945) as General Fitzhenry Flight from Folly (1945) as Neville Piccadilly Incident (1946) as Sir Charles Pearson The Ghosts of Berkeley Square (1947) as Gen. Bristow Just William's Luck (1947) as The Tramp William Comes to Town (1948) as Minister for Economic Affairs Edward, My Son (1949) as Lord George Trelby The Forbidden Street (1949) as Mr. Bly Whiskey Galore (1949) as Colonel Linsey-Woolsey The Chiltern Hundreds (1949) as Lord Lister Landfall (1949) as Air Raid Warden Mister Drake's Duck (1951) as Brig. Matthews The Galloping Major (1951) as. Sir Robert Medleigh Laughter in Paradise (1951) as Sir Charles Robson The Magic Box (1951) as. Old Gentleman Castle in the Air (1952) as Blair Who Goes There! (1952) as Sir Arthur Cornwall Something Money Can't Buy (1952) as Lord Haverstock Penny Princess (1952) as Selby Made in Heaven (1952) as Hillary Topham Meet Mr. Lucifer (1953) as Himself Skid Kids (1953) as Man in Taxi The Million Pound Note (1954) as Duke of Frognal The Weak and the Wicked (1954) as Harry Wicks, Mabel's beau Happy Ever After (1954) as General O'Leary Aunt Clara (1954) as Simon Hilton Miss Tulip Stays the Night (1955) as Mr. Potts Jumping for Joy (1956) as Lord Reginald Cranfield Loser Takes All (1956) as Elderly Man in Casino Around the World in 80 Days (1956) as Reform Club member Three Men in a Boat (1956) as Crabtree, 1st Old Gentleman The Square (1957 short) Doctor at Large (1957) as Duke of Skye and Lewes Carry On Admiral (1957) as Adm. Sir Maximillian Godfrey, K.C.B. The Royalty (1957) (BBC TV series) – Episode 1 as Lord Charters The Sky Larks (1958) (BBC TV series) – Episode 9: Find the Lady as Vice Adml. Sir Geoffrey Wiggin-Fanshawe How Say You? (1959) (BBC TV drama) as Mr. Peebles Inn for Trouble (1960) as Sir Hector Gore-Blandish (final film role) Selected stage appearances Lady Huntworth's Experiment by R.C. Carton (1900) Bulldog Drummond by Gerald du Maurier (1921) Spring Meeting by Molly Keane (1938) They Came to a City by J.B. Priestley (1943) But for the Grace of God by Frederick Lonsdale (1946) The Chiltern Hundreds by William Douglas Home (1947) The Manor of Northstead by William Douglas Home (1954) References External links Performance details in University of Bristol Theatre Archive A. E. Matthews Biography 1869 births 1960 deaths English male film actors English male silent film actors English male stage actors People from Bridlington 20th-century English male actors

5393133

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20McGlashan

Thomas McGlashan

Dr. Thomas McGlashan (born 1942) is an American professor of psychiatry at Yale University, well known for his academic contributions to the study of schizophrenia and other mental illnesses. Professional career He obtained his medical qualification from the University of Pennsylvania in 1967, and was a staff member in Chestnut Lodge, where according to the New York Times, May 23, 2006, McGlashan "strived for years to master psychoanalysis, only to reject it (for psychosis) after demonstrating, in a landmark 1984 study, that the treatment did not help much at all in people ... with schizophrenia.". These long term follow up and reported outcomes for patients with schizophrenia are known as the Chestnut Lodge studies. In the 1990s he embarked upon work focused on interventions early in the course of schizophrenia, and became an early advocate and researcher in early detection and intervention for psychosis, including being a key participant in the Norway early detection studies (TIPS) and PRIME studies on early treatment of those at risk of schizophrenia The study reported that the drug Olanzapine had a "trend significant" effect in preventing conversion to psychosis and that further, larger studies are warranted. Professor Thomas McGlashan is the current recipient of the Richard Wyatt Award, of the International Early Psychosis Association, and of the Psychiatric Research Award of the American Psychiatric Association for his contributions to the field of early detection and intervention in psychosis. Books The documentation of clinical psychotropic drug trials by Thomas H McGlashan - 1973) The Borderline: Current Empirical Research by Thomas H. McGlashan (1985) Co-authored: Early Intervention in Psychotic Disorders (Nato Science Series: D Behavioural and Social Sciences, Volume 91) (NATO Science Series D: (closed)) by Tandy Miller, Sarnoff A. Mednick, Thomas H. McGlashan, and Jan Libiger (Hardcover - Nov 2001) Schizophrenia: Treatment Process and Outcome by Thomas H. McGlashan and Christopher J. Keats (1989) A Developmental Model of Borderline Personality Disorder: Understanding Variations in Course and Outcome by Patricia Hoffman Judd and Thomas H. McGlashan (2002) References 1942 births Living people American psychiatrists Yale University faculty Psychiatry academics

5393139

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilchrist%20Document

Gilchrist Document

The Gilchrist Document is a much cited letter from 1965 often used to support arguments for Western involvement in the overthrow of Sukarno in Indonesia. The document purports to be a letter from the British ambassador to Jakarta, Andrew Gilchrist, addressed to the British Foreign Office and refers to a joint US–UK plan for military intervention in Indonesia. The letter was first made public by the Indonesian Foreign Minister Subandrio on a trip to Cairo. The US embassy in Cairo was soon able to get a photographic copy of the letter. The embassy concluded that it was a fake, and the "Gilchrist letter" was subsequently referred to as a forgery in the US administration. An internal discussion in the US administration on who was behind the forgery followed, and the US settled on a Subandrio-controlled intelligence agency. The Czech agent Vladislav Bittman who defected in 1968 claimed that his agency forged the letter. Bittman also claimed responsibility for the campaign against US citizen and movie distributor Bill Palmer. The papers of the British ambassador Sir Andrew Gilchrist are held in the Churchill Archive at Churchill College, Cambridge University. Some of them are still classified. Speculation about a possible British role in the overthrow of Sukarno continues, although British defence secretary in 1965, Denis Healey, stated in 2000 that Britain was not involved, though Healey would have supported involvement had it been possible. Text The following is the text of the document as reproduced in a semi-official collection of documents: I discussed with the American Ambassador the questions set out in your No.:67786/65. The Ambassador agreed in principal with our position but asked for time to investigate certain aspects of the matter. To my question on the possible influence of Bunker's visit, to Jakarta, the Ambassador state that he saw no reason for changing our joint plans. On the contrary, the visit of the US. President's personal envoy would give us more time to prepare the operation the utmost detail . The Ambassador felt that further measures were necessary to bring our efforts into closer alignment. In this connection, he said that it would be useful to impress again on our local army friends that extreme care discipline and coordination of action were essential for the success of our enterprise. I promised to take all necessary measures. I will report my own views personally in due course. GILCHRIST References Transition to the New Order Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 1965 documents

5393161

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait%20Area%20Education%20and%20Recreation%20Centre

Strait Area Education and Recreation Centre

Strait Area Education and Recreation Centre (SAERC) is a high school located in Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is attended by approximately 400 students in grades 9 to 12. The school is also home to a community swimming pool, as well as a public library, SAERC FM and SAERC TV. The school falls under the jurisdiction of the Strait Regional School Board. Notable alumni Lynn Coady Mark Day Allie MacDonald References External links Official website SAERC TV Website SAERC Student Handbook 2016 - 2017 High schools in Nova Scotia Schools in Inverness County, Nova Scotia

5393176

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd%20Triestino

Lloyd Triestino

Lloyd Triestino was a major shipping company, created in 1919 when the city of Trieste became part of Italy in the settlement after the First World War. It ran passenger services on ocean liners around the world. Seriously harmed by Second World War, in which it lost 68 ships, it recovered to run passenger services with new ships on routes as far as Australia. In 2006, with the business by then mainly container freight, the company's name was changed to Italia Marittima. Background The company was founded as Österreichischer Lloyd (or "Austrian Lloyd") as an insurance company in 1833. In 1836 the company went into shipping. It became one of the world's biggest shipping companies by managing most of Austria-Hungary's overseas trade and passenger travel until 1918. It ran regular services from Trieste to the Near East, India, China and the Far East, Brazil, the US and Northern Europe. It was one of the first companies to use steamships. Company Between the wars Österreichischer Lloyd's name was changed to Lloyd Triestino in 1919, when Trieste became a part of Italy. At that time, the company faced major restructuring to recover losses incurred during World War I. By the end of the 1930s, Lloyd Triestino, with its offshoot Italia di Navigazione, was once again a major world shipping power, owning a fleet of 85 vessels with 17 services to east Africa, southern Africa, Asia, and Australia. Second World War and after The company was crippled by the devastation of the Second World War, losing 68 ships and 1,000 sailors, including one of its most recent and famous ship, the MS Victoria which was sunk in January 1942 by British torpedoes off the coast of Libya. At the end, they were reduced to a fleet of just five ships, and were again faced with a massive recovery operation. In 1950, Lloyd Triestino launched three 13,140 GRT ocean-going passenger liners for its service to Australia: the Australia, the Oceania, and the Neptunia. All three were moved to the Italian Line in 1963, replaced by two new liners, the Guglielmo Marconi and the Galileo Galilei, each twice the size of the "trio" ships at 27,905 GRT. By 1956, the fleet had grown to 31 ships. A total of 199 ships were owned by Lloyd Triestino between 1919 and 2006. Sul Mare magazine The illustrated travel magazine Sul Mare (Italian for 'On the Sea') was distributed on Lloyd's ships and other outlets from March 1925 to 1944, and revived after the Second World War; 148 issues were produced. Their covers were decorated with four-colour illustrations by Italian artists, many of them from Trieste, including , , Gianni Brumatti, }, Augusto Černigoj, Marcello Claris, Marcello Dudovich, Ugo Flumiani, , Lauro Laghi, , Guido Marussig, Argio Orell, and Antonio Quaiatti. The contents were written in Italian, French, English, and German. Partnership with Evergreen Marine Lloyd Triestino entered into a partnership with Taiwanese shipping giant, Evergreen Marine, Corp., in 1993. The partnership grew over the years, until Evergreen bought entirely Lloyd Triestino in 1998, running it in parallel to its other European affiliate, the British-based line Hatsu Marine, created in 2000. Successor company On March 1, 2006, Lloyd Triestino's name was changed to Italia Marittima. Ship names were changed from the prefix "LT" to "Ital" (e.g., LT Cortesia to Ital Contessa). References Shipping companies of Italy Companies based in Trieste 1919 establishments in Italy

5393189

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD154

CD154

CD154, also called CD40 ligand or CD40L, is a protein that is primarily expressed on activated T cells and is a member of the TNF superfamily of molecules. It binds to CD40 on antigen-presenting cells (APC), which leads to many effects depending on the target cell type. In total CD40L has three binding partners: CD40, α5β1 integrin and αIIbβ3. CD154 acts as a costimulatory molecule and is particularly important on a subset of T cells called T follicular helper cells (TFH cells). On TFH cells, CD154 promotes B cell maturation and function by engaging CD40 on the B cell surface and therefore facilitating cell-cell communication. A defect in this gene results in an inability to undergo immunoglobulin class switching and is associated with hyper IgM syndrome. Absence of CD154 also stops the formation of germinal centers and therefore prohibiting antibody affinity maturation, an important process in the adaptive immune system. History In 1991, three groups reported discovering CD154. Seth Lederman, Michael Yellin, and Leonard Chess at Columbia University generated a murine monoclonal antibody, 5c8, that inhibited contact-dependent T cell helper function in human cells and which characterized a 32 kDa surface protein transiently expressed on activated CD4+ T cells. Richard Armitage at Immunex cloned a cDNA encoding CD154 by screening an expression library with CD40-Ig. Randolph Noelle at Dartmouth Medical School generated an antibody that bound a 39 kDa protein on murine T cells and inhibited helper function. Noelle contested Lederman's patent, but the challenge (called an interference) was rejected on all counts Expression CD40 ligand (CD154) is primarily expressed on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes but is also found in a soluble form. While CD40L was originally described on T lymphocytes, its expression has since been found on a wide variety of cells, including platelets, mast cells, macrophages, basophils, NK cells, B lymphocytes, as well as non-haematopoietic cells (smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells). Specific effects on cells CD40L plays a central role in costimulation and regulation of the immune response via T cell priming and activation of CD40-expressing immune cells. At least 46 disease-causing mutations in this gene have been discovered. Macrophages In the macrophage, the primary signal for activation is IFN-γ from Th1 type CD4 T cells. The secondary signal is CD40L on the T cell, which binds CD40 on the macrophage cell surface. As a result, the macrophage expresses more CD40 and TNF receptors on its surface, which helps increase the level of activation. The activated macrophage can then destroy phagocytosed bacteria and produce more cytokines. B cells B cells can present antigens to a specialized group of helper T cells called TFH cells. If an activated TFH cell recognizes the peptide presented by the B cell, the CD40L on the T cell binds to the B cell's CD40, causing B cell activation. The T cell also produces IL-4, which directly influences B cells. As a result of this stimulation, the B cell can undergo rapid cellular division to form a germinal center where antibody isotype switching and affinity maturation occurs, as well as their differentiation to plasma cells and memory B cells. The end-result is a B cell that is able to mass-produce specific antibodies against an antigenic target. Early evidence for these effects were that in CD40 or CD154 deficient mice, there is little class switching or germinal centre formation, and immune responses are severely inhibited. Notably, CD40L is an important signal triggering the proliferation of malignant B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Endothelial cells Activation of endothelial cells by CD40L (e.g. from activated platelets) leads to reactive oxygen species production, as well as chemokine and cytokine production, and expression of adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. This inflammatory reaction in endothelial cells promotes recruitment of leukocytes to lesions and may potentially promote atherogenesis. CD40L has shown to be a potential biomarker for atherosclerotic instability. Interactions CD154 has been shown to interact with RNF128. References Further reading External links GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on X-Linked Hyper IgM Syndrome or Immunodeficiency with Hyper-IgM, Type 1 Clusters of differentiation

5393194

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operability

Operability

Operability is the ability to keep a piece of equipment, a system or a whole industrial installation in a safe and reliable functioning condition, according to pre-defined operational requirements. In a computing systems environment with multiple systems this includes the ability of products, systems and business processes to work together to accomplish a common task such as finding and returning availability of inventory for flight. For a gas turbine engine, operability addresses the installed aerodynamic operation of the engine to ensure that it operates with care-free throttle handling without compressor stall or surge or combustor flame-out. There must be no unacceptable loss of power or handling deterioration after ingesting birds, rain and hail or ingesting or accumulating ice. Design and development responsibilities include the components through which the thrust/power-producing flow passes, ie the intake, compressor, combustor, fuel system, turbine and exhaust. They also include the software in the computers which control the way the engine changes its speed in response to the actions of the pilot in selecting a start, selecting different idle settings and higher power ratings such as take-off, climb and cruise. The engine has to start to idle and accelerate and decelerate within agreed, or mandated, times while remaining within operating limits (shaft speeds, turbine temperature, combustor casing pressure) over the required aircraft operating envelope. Operability is considered one of the ilities and is closely related to reliability, supportability and maintainability. Operability also refers to whether or not a surgical operation can be performed to treat a patient with a reasonable degree of safety and chance of success. References External links Software Operability Examples Software Operability Requirements Computer systems

5393195

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Clark%20II

Michael Clark II

Michael Clark II (born May 4, 1969) is an American professional golfer. Clark was born in Kingsport, Tennessee. He attended Georgia Tech and turned professional in 1992. He won two events on the PGA Tour's official developmental tour in the 1990s, but it took him some years to win a place on the PGA Tour itself. His 2000 rookie PGA Tour season was a great success, with victory in the John Deere Classic and the PGA Tour Rookie of the Year award, but he struggled to build on this, and by 2005 he was back on the Nationwide Tour. Clark last played in a PGA Tour-sanctioned event in 2012. Professional wins (3) PGA Tour wins (1) PGA Tour playoff record (1–0) Nike Tour wins (2) Nike Tour playoff record (0–1) Results in major championships Note: Clark never played in the Masters Tournament nor The Open Championship. CUT = missed the half-way cut "T" = tied See also 1999 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates External links American male golfers Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets men's golfers PGA Tour golfers Golfers from Tennessee People from Kingsport, Tennessee 1969 births Living people

5393201

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gang%20in%20Blue

Gang in Blue

Gang in Blue is a 1996 American film co-directed by Melvin Van Peebles and his son, Mario Van Peebles, about a black police officer who discovers a cell of white supremacist vigilantes within his department. Cast Mario Van Peebles as Michael Rhodes Josh Brolin as Keith DeBruler Melvin Van Peebles as Andre Speier Cynda Williams as Anita Boyard Stephen Lang as "Moose" Tavola J. T. Walsh as Lieutenant William Eyler Sean McCann as Clute Mirkovich Zach Grenier as Joe Beckstrem External links 1996 films 1996 crime drama films 1990s police films American crime drama films American police films 1990s English-language films Films about race and ethnicity Films directed by Mario Van Peebles Films directed by Melvin Van Peebles American vigilante films Films about corruption in the United States 1990s American films

5393231

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ship%20commissionings%20in%201943

List of ship commissionings in 1943

The list of ship commissionings in 1943 includes a chronological list of ships commissioned in 1943. In cases where no official commissioning ceremony was held, the date of service entry may be used instead. References See also 1943 Ship commissionings Ship commissionings Ship commissionings

5393234

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid%20Hudson

Sid Hudson

Sidney Charles Hudson (January 3, 1915 – October 10, 2008) was a starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Washington Senators (1940–42, 1946–52) and Boston Red Sox (1952–54) who had a lengthy post-playing career as a pitching coach and scout. Born in Coalfield, Tennessee, he batted and threw right-handed, stood tall and weighed . Biography Hudson entered baseball in 1938 with the Class D Sanford Lookouts, who had a working agreement with the Senators. In his second year with Sanford, Hudson led the Florida State League in games won (24), winning percentage (24–4, .857), earned run average (1.79) and strikeouts (192). The following year, he won 17 games for a second-division Washington team as a rookie, and he was selected to the American League All–Star team in both and . He appeared in the 1941 midsummer classic on July 8 at Briggs Stadium and worked the seventh inning, allowing a two-run home run to Arky Vaughan that put the rival National League ahead, 3–2. (The American League would triumph in the ninth inning, however, on a three-run, walk-off homer by Ted Williams). Hudson's career was interrupted by three years (1943–45) of military service during World War II. A veteran of the United States Army Air Forces, he served in the Pacific Theater of Operations and attained the rank of sergeant. Pitching for Washington's struggling late-1940s teams, he led the American League in games lost (17) in . On April 27, 1947, Hudson was the starting pitcher against the New York Yankees on Babe Ruth Day at Yankee Stadium. In front of 58,000 fans in one of Ruth's last public appearances, Hudson threw a complete game, 1–0 shutout, scattering eight hits and three bases on balls. He was traded to the rebuilding Red Sox in the middle of the campaign, and went 16–22 as a spot starter and reliever over 2 years. He retired from the field after the campaign. In his 12-season MLB career, Hudson posted a 104–152 record with 734 strikeouts, 123 complete games, 11 shutouts, 13 saves, and a 4.28 earned run average in 2,181 innings pitched. He allowed 2,384 hits and 835 bases on balls. A good-hitting pitcher, he batted .220 with 164 hits and 75 runs batted in during his big-league tenure. Following his pitching career, he scouted for the Red Sox from 1955 through 1960, then joined the expansion edition of the Senators in 1961 as the team's first pitching coach. He spent all or parts of 13 years over three different terms (1961–April 1965; 1968–1972; and mid-1975–1978) in that role for the franchise in both Washington and Dallas–Fort Worth, where it moved in to become the Texas Rangers. In between those assignments, Hudson served the team as a minor league pitching instructor. After leaving professional baseball in 1985, he was a pitching coach for Baylor University's varsity baseball team. At the time of his death, at 93 years of age, Hudson was one of the oldest living major league players. He died in Waco, Texas. Highlights Twice American League All-Stars (1941–42) As a rookie in 1940, won 17 games and pitched two one-hitters, and was runner-up rookie of the year Was fourth in wins (17) and in shutouts (5), fifth in home runs allowed (20), and third in hits allowed (272), in the American League in 1940 References External links Baseball Library Baseball Reference News Story and partial interview with Sid Buried at Oakwood Cemetery (Waco, Texas) 1915 births 2008 deaths American League All-Stars Baseball coaches from Tennessee Baseball players from Tennessee Boston Red Sox players Boston Red Sox scouts Burials at Oakwood Cemetery (Waco, Texas) Major League Baseball pitchers Major League Baseball pitching coaches People from Morgan County, Tennessee Sanford Lookouts players Texas Rangers coaches Texas Rangers scouts United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II United States Army Air Forces soldiers Washington Senators (1901–1960) players Washington Senators (1961–1971) coaches

5393237

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee%20taping

Knee taping

Knee taping (also known as patellar taping) is a procedure performed by physiotherapists or physicians to alleviate the symptoms of patellofemoral pain. Though knee taping has been shown to offer short-term pain relief, its long-term efficacy is confounded by several studies. The mechanism of action by which it alleviates pain is unknown, though it has been suggested by physicians that it could correct patella position, facilitate/inhibit quadriceps components or bear stress associated with peripatellar tissues or patellar compression (Wilson, T). Evidence for these suggestions, however, has been contradictory or absent. Types of tape A pre-wrap is a protective tape. Its purpose is to create a firm surface for further taping. Adhesive tape or wrap is applied to the cover tape and must not be applied directly to the skin. References Taping Pain management

5393241

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Nobility

The Nobility

The Nobility is a rock and roll band based in Nashville, Tennessee, currently composed of Sean Williams (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Stephen Jerkins (background vocals, keys), Cheyenne Medders (background vocals, bass) and Will Medders (background vocals, drums). At certain performances they are joined by a third Medders brother, Carson on lead guitar. The Early Years (Jetpack) In the spring of 2001, The Nobility (then known as Jetpack) began playing a slew of shows around the southeast and that summer recorded their first EP, High School Girls. A self-titled album (Jetpack, 2002) and a digital EP (Saxophone, 2003) followed. In the summer of 2004, the band received attention from some major labels, but was never signed. Their final recording under the name "Jetpack," an EP entitled The Art of Building A Moat, was released in early 2005 marking a distinct shift in their sound and lyrical content. 2005-2008 New lineup After the departure of drummer Jeremy Lutito and bassist Landon Ihde in the spring of 2005, Jetpack was offered an opportunity to shoot a video for a song on The Art of Building A Moat entitled "Mathematics." Down two members, they asked close friends Brian Fuzzell and David Dewese to play the parts of drummer and bassist in the video. Deciding that the chemistry was right both Dewese and Fuzzell stayed on as permanent members in their respective roles following the shoot. Legal roadblocks/Children's book In early 2006, Heatstroke Records, a label located in Philadelphia, PA, was set to release The Art of Building A Moat nationwide. Just before the release, Jetpack received a cease and desist notice from a California-based surf rock band also known as Jetpack. Around the same time, a publishing company out of Minneapolis contacted the band asking them to be the subject of a children's book which chronicled the ins and outs of performing in a rock band. Hoping to avoid any legal troubles that would impede the national release of the EP or the children's book, Jetpack came up with a stopgap measure and added a "UK" to the end of their name—a tongue-in-cheek reference to the British band The Charlatans who had added a "UK" to their name for similar reasons. With legal trouble out of the way for the moment, Jetpack UK launched an extensive tour of the Eastern and Midwestern United States in the summer of 2006 to support The Art of Building A Moat. That fall, to take advantage of the fact that they were featured in a children's book (an unusual situation for a rock band), Jetpack UK booked a six-week tour where they played their full-volume set in a host of public libraries and school auditoriums throughout the U.S. With library shows during the day and regular club gigs at night, the band earned enough money to go back into the studio to record their next LP. The Mezzanine In the summer of 2005, songwriter Sean Williams spent several weeks in Little Rock, AR working on a handful of songs that would eventually make up most of the band's next full-length album, The Mezzanine. While touring as Jetpack UK in the summer of 2006, the band went through an extensive list of possible permanent band names until keyboardist Stephen Jerkins suggested "The Nobility" based on a lyric in one of Williams' new songs ("Halleluiah Chorus"). The band continued to perform under Jetpack UK until the official release of The Mezzanine. In the fall of 2006, the band headed into the studio in between stints on the road to begin recording The Mezzanine. During the first week-long session the basic tracks were recorded for the following songs: Halleluiah Chorus Riverboat Worth Your While Let Me Hang Around Midst of the Park After returning from another leg of the library tour, The Nobility recorded these remaining songs: Skeleton Key The Mezzanine This Is What I've Wanted To Tell You Angel's Debut Gold Blue Sky I Refuse Jim Hoke, famed saxophonist who had worked The Beach Boys, Kenny Rogers, Harry Connick, Jr., My Morning Jacket and Guster, was brought in to play on the song The Mezzanine. The Mezzanine was released on July 31, 2007, and received high praise from several media outlets including NPR, which described the album as "jangly guitar rock with sweet harmonies and carefully plotted melodies….the kind of music that leaves you humming and feeling better about the world." A tour in support of the album followed, which included stops at the CMJ Music Festival in New York and SXSW in Austin. Shortly after the initial tour for The Mezzanine, bassist David Dewese left the band to focus on his own musical projects, including the Foxymorons. The Nobility continued playing shows in support of The Mezzanine throughout the remainder of 2007 and 2008 using a host of friends on bass, which included Benjamin A. Harper, Keith Lowen and Cheyenne Medders. 2008-2010 Gentle Giant By the end of 2008, The Nobility had played several shows in support of The Mezzanine and were now shifting their focus to record more material. That fall, they went back into the studio with Brian Carter to lay down a song that had been in contention for The Mezzanine track list called "Gentle Giant" and another song that had been floating around, but never officially released called "Mr. Danby/Mr. Blackman". The two songs were recorded over a weekend and released in the spring of 2009 as a digital single. A demo Sean Williams had done on 4-track called "The Birds & The Bees" was added. The three-song single was released digitally in spring of 2009. While Benjamin A. Harper plays bass on the two main songs, Cheyenne Medders is seen playing bass in the "Gentle Giant" video and David Dewese is seen playing bass in the "Mr. Danby/Mr. Blackman" video. I've Got a Present for You-The Christmas EP Throughout the years, Sean Williams had randomly written a handful of Christmas tunes so in October 2009, The Nobility decided to officially record them and release them as an EP. David Dewese stepped back in on bass and the songs were tracked at a Nashville studio where Cheyenne Medders worked as an engineer. The following songs were recorded over a five-day period: I've Got a Present for You Santa Shaved His Beard Say the Words, "Merry Christmas" A fourth song was recorded—a cover of "Good King Wenceslas," which was recorded on Sean Williams' TASCAM four track. The EP, entitled I've Got a Present for You was released electronically that Christmas. The Christmas EP recording session would mark drummer Brian Fuzzell's last with the band. In early 2010, Fuzzell left the band to pursue other interests. The very next fall, Williams had written another new Christmas song—"It Must Be Christmastime." The Nobility went back into the studio to record the track, this time with Cheyenne Medders on bass. Williams, Jerkins, Medders along with the band's new drummer, Eric Stroud tracked the song over a couple of days. It was then added to the existing I've Got A Present For You track list along with another four-track composition entitled "Figgy Pudding." The new 2010 version of the EP, which included a physical pressing, was rereleased the day after Thanksgiving. 2011-present The Secret of Blennerhassett Island In the fall of 2010, The Nobility went back into the studio with Brian Carter to record a collection of songs based on Sean Williams' childhood experiences. The resulting album—The Secret of Blennerhassett Island was recorded over several weeks and utilized a handful of extra musicians including noted cellist, Cara Fox (The Dead Weather, Ingrid Michelson). Track list: Devil's Lullaby Caviar Comedian Everybody Says It's Funny Marigolds Moonlight Shines Severe Miscalculation My Best Start It All Over The Words Best Day of My Life The Art Form The Secret of Blennerhassett Island, released on Island was well-received by critics. However, sales lagged. Ashford Castle In October 2014, The Nobility launched a successful Kickstarter campaign, which allowed them to record their next full-length album, Ashford Castle. Wanting to mix it up, while at the same time maintain their analog sound, the band spent several days at Reel Recording Studios with engineers Mark Gallup and Erik Thompson tracking 10 songs. The track list is as follows: Ashford Castle Wonderful Night Heart Is Strange Rollin' In The Aisle On The Sly I Can't Tell You Why Alone Mrs. Judy May Sharks Walk Into The Light Ashford Castle was released independently on February 19, 2016. In April 2016, NPR's All Songs Considered podcast praised the album for its attention to detail, carefully mapped out harmonies and sheer exuberance. As tracking was wrapping up on Ashford Castle, the band booked another day at Reel Recording to track a song featuring The Secret Sisters. This song is yet to be released. In pop culture In 2009, "Riverboat" by The Nobility was featured in the Magnolia Pictures release Serious Moonlight starring Meg Ryan and Timothy Hutton. The grocery store chain Meijer featured the Nobility song "Alone" in a television spot in the spring of 2016. Discography Studio albums 2001 (as Jetpack) High School Girls (WorldCat entry for their early album) EPs External links American pop music groups Rock music groups from Tennessee Musical groups from Nashville, Tennessee Musical groups established in 2011 2011 establishments in Tennessee

5393250

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panther%20%28film%29

Panther (film)

Panther is a 1995 cinematic adaptation of Melvin Van Peebles's novel Panther, produced and directed by Mario Van Peebles. The drama film portrays the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, tracing the organization from its founding through its decline in a compressed timeframe. It was the first narrative feature-film to depict the Black Panther Party. Plot summary In this semi-fictionalized account of the origins of the Black Panthers, Vietnam veteran Judge (Kadeem Hardison) returns to his hometown of Oakland to find it beset by violence and police discrimination against African-Americans. Judge's friend Cy tells him about a vigilante group that's organizing against the police and introduces him to its leaders, Bobby (Courtney B. Vance) and Huey (Marcus Chong). Judge joins the movement but is soon beset by police pressure to inform against Huey. Cast Reception On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 31% approval rating based on 13 reviews. Roger Ebert stated "There is a fascinating study to be made of the Black Panther Party. Panther is not that film." Panther co-founder Bobby Seale, a major character in the film, called it "80 percent to 90 percent" untrue and "a false-light invasion of my privacy." While Kennith Turan praised it as a "sincere attempt at celebratory, spirit-raising filmmaking", he also criticized it as "a frustrating amalgam of truth, violence, supposition and inspiration". Soundtrack A soundtrack for the film containing R&B and hip hop music was released on May 2, 1995 by Mercury Records. It peaked at number 37 on the Billboard 200 and number 5 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and was certified gold on July 25, 1995. Featured on the soundtrack was the single "Freedom (Theme from Panther)", a collaboration among more than 60 female R&B singers and rappers that peaked at 45 on the Billboard Hot 100. Three singles made it to the Billboard charts, "Head Nod" by Hodge, "The Points", a collaboration between 12 of hip-hop's most popular artists and groups, and "Freedom (Theme from Panther)", a collaboration between over 60 female R&B singers and rappers. "Freedom (Theme from Panther)" - 4:47 Aaliyah, Felicia Adams, May May Ali, Amel Larrieux, Az-Iz, Blackgirl, Mary J. Blige, Tanya Blount, Brownstone, Casserine, Changing Faces, Coko, Tyler Collins, N'Dea Davenport, E.V.E., Emage, En Vogue, Eshe & Laurneá (of Arrested Development), Female, For Real, Penny Ford, Lalah Hathaway, Jade, Jamecia, Jazzyfatnastees, Queen Latifah, Billy Lawrence, Joi, Brigette McWilliams, Milira, Miss Jones, Cindy Mizelle, Monica, Me’Shell NdegéOcello, Natasha, Pebbles, Pure Soul, Raja-Nee, Brenda Russell, SWV, Chantay Savage, Sonja Marie, Tracie Spencer, Sweet Sable, TLC, Terri & Monica, Vybe, Crystal Waters, Caron Wheeler, Karyn White, Vanessa Williams, Xscape, Y?N-Vee, Zhané "Express Yourself" - 3:48 (Joe) "We'll Meet Again" - 4:43 (Blackstreet) "Black People" - 4:11 (George Clinton, Belita Woods & Funkadelic) "Let's Straighten It Out" - 4:05 (Usher & Monica) "The Points" - 4:54 Big Mike, Biggie Smalls, Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, Buckshot, Busta Rhymes, Coolio, Digable Planets, Heltah Skeltah, Ill Al Skratch, Jamal, Menace Clan & Redman "Slick Partner" - 2:46 (Bobby Brown) "Stand (You Got To)" - 4:35 (Aaron Hall) "The World Is a Ghetto" - 4:32 (Da Lench Mob) "If I Were Your Woman" (Shanice & Female) "We Shall Not Be Moved" - 4:49 (Sounds of Blackness & Black Sheep) "A Natural Woman (You Make Me Feel Like)" - 3:48 (Female) "Freedom" (Dirty Dozen remix) - 4:49 MC Lyte, Meshell Ndegeocello, Nefertiti, Patra, Queen Latifah, Salt-n-Pepa, Left Eye of TLC, Da 5 Footaz, & Yo-Yo "Head Nod" - 3:33 (Hodge) "Stand!" - 4:28 (Tony! Toni! Toné!) "Don't Give Me No Broccoli and Tell Me It's Green's" - 6:17 (The Last Poets) "The Star-Spangled Banner" - 3:12 (Brian McKnight, Boys Choir of Harlem & Slash) "The Ultimate Sacrifice" - 3:15 (Stanley Clarke) Awards Locarno International Film Festival – Prize of the Ecumenical Jury, Special Mention: Silver Leopard References Bibliography External links 1995 films 1990s biographical drama films African-American biographical dramas Drama films based on actual events Films about the Black Panther Party Black Power Films about the Central Intelligence Agency Cultural depictions of J. Edgar Hoover 1990s English-language films Films about the Federal Bureau of Investigation Films about activists Films based on American novels Films directed by Mario Van Peebles Films scored by Stanley Clarke Films set in Oakland, California Political films based on actual events PolyGram Filmed Entertainment films Working Title Films films 1995 drama films 1990s American films

5393261

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wik%20languages

Wik languages

The Wik languages are a subdivision of the Paman languages consisting of sixteen languages, all spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia. This grouping was first proposed by R. M. W. Dixon. Each of the Kugu-Muminh dialects may have the prefix Wik- instead of Kugu-. Wik Paach is not a Wik language despite its name. The languages are as follows; often various dialects are considered separate languages: Wik-Ngathan (incl. Wik-Ngatharr dialect) Wik-Me'nh Wik-Mungkan Wik-Ompoma (Ambama) † Kugu Nganhcara (incl. Gugu Uwanh dialect) † Ayabadhu † Pakanha † The Flinders Island language and Barrow Point language were apparently Wik. See also Wik peoples Wik Peoples v Queensland References North Cape York Paman languages

5393265

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel%20B.%20Noel

Rachel B. Noel

Rachel Bassette Noel (January 15, 1918 – February 4, 2008) was an American educator, politician and civil rights leader in Denver, Colorado. She is known for the "Noel Resolution", a 1968 plan to integrate the Denver city school district, and her work to implement that plan, as well as other work on civil rights. When elected to the Denver Public Schools Board of Education in 1965, Noel was the first African-American woman elected to public office in Colorado. In 1996, Noel was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame. She was born in Hampton, Virginia to college-educated parents; her father was a doctor. She earned bachelor's and master's degrees from Hampton Institute and Fisk University, respectively. She and her husband, a physician from Jackson, Mississippi, moved to Denver after he finished his residency. Personal life Rachel Bassette was born in 1918 in Hampton, Virginia to parents who were both college graduates. Her father, A. W. E. Bassette Jr., was a lawyer. From an early age, her parents emphasized the importance of education. Bassette graduated magna cum laude with a bachelor's degree from Hampton Institute (now known as Hampton University) and earned a master's degree in sociology from Fisk University, both historically black universities. In October 1942, she married Dr. Edmond F. Noel (1916-1986) from Jackson, Mississippi, whom she had met at Fisk. Born in Holmes County, Mississippi and reared in Jackson, he was named for a half-uncle, Edmond Favor Noel, governor of Mississippi, serving 1908 to 1912. The African-American physician and European-American politician were from different lines of descendants of Leland Noel, a major white planter in Holmes County before the American Civil War. Noel completed his undergraduate degree at Howard University and got his medical degree at Fisk. Edmond Noel served as a medical officer in the Army during World War II, from 1942 to April 1946. After he completed his residency, the Noel couple moved to Denver, Colorado in 1949. It was during years of the Great Migration of African Americans from the South to the West. Edmond Noel was the first African American to practice medicine in Denver. He was affiliated with Rose Hospital, a new hospital founded by the Jewish community. He was the first African American to have staff privileges at a hospital in Denver. He also set up his own practice in the Five Points community. Together they had a son, Edmond "Buddy" Noel Jr., born in 1946, and daughter, Angela Noel, born in 1950. Buddy graduated from Dartmouth College and Harvard University Law, and practices as a lawyer in Denver. Rachel Bassette Noel became increasingly active in civil rights and school issues in Denver. (See below). Her husband Edmond Noel died in 1986. In her last years, Noel moved from Denver to Oakland, California in 2007 to live with her daughter. Noel died on February 4, 2008. She is survived by her two children, five grandchildren and three great-grandchildren. Civic life Noel became active in civic affairs and politics in the 1960s, working to integrate local schools and ensure that minorities had equal opportunities. In 1965, Noel was elected as the first African American to serve on the Denver Public Schools Board of Education. She was the first African-American woman elected to public office in Colorado. She presented what became known as the Noel Resolution to the Board of Education on April 25, 1968, and called for the Denver area school district superintendent to develop a plan for integration, providing equal educational opportunity for all children. Public opposition was high, and Noel and her family received many threatening phone calls and hate mail. The resolution was passed in February 1970. Noel was a professor at Metropolitan State College of Denver, where she founded the African-American Studies Department in 1971, chairing it until 1980. Noel was also a member of the Chancellor's Advisory Committee for the Health Sciences at the University of Colorado at Boulder and University of Colorado at Denver. She was appointed as a Commissioner of the Denver Housing Authority Noel served on the Advisory Board of the United States Civil Rights Commission. Legacy and honors She was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Public Service degree by the University of Denver. In 1976 she was appointed by Governor Richard Lamm to serve on the University of Colorado Board of Regents; in 1978 she was elected statewide to a six-year term on the board, and served as chair of the board for one year. The Rachel B. Noel Distinguished Professorship was endowed in her honor in 1981 at Metropolitan State College of Denver. A visiting professor is named each year; Noel Professors have included Princeton professor Cornel West, international philanthropist Julius Coles, pianist Billy Taylor, author Iyanla Vanzant, Johnnetta B. Cole, former president of Spelman College; jazz singer Dianne Reeves; Ossie Davis, the actor and civil rights activist; and Lerone Bennett, Jr., executive editor of Ebony (magazine). In 1990 she received the Martin Luther King Jr. Humanitarian Award. 1996, Noel was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame. The Rachel B. Noel middle school in Denver is named in her honor. See also Brown v. Board of Education Education in the United States Plessy v. Ferguson Racial segregation References Further reading Summer Marie Cherland, No Prejudice Here: Racism, Resistance, and the Struggle for Equality in Denver, 1947-1994, 2014, UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers and Capstones, 2526 Robert T. Connery, Keyes v. School District No.1, 2013, History Colorado, Online Exhibits Jeanne Varnell, Women of Consequence: The Colorado Women's Hall of Fame, Big Earth Publishing, 1999 1918 births 2008 deaths African-American people in Colorado politics African-American women in politics Fisk University alumni University of Denver alumni University of Colorado faculty 20th-century African-American activists Activists for African-American civil rights American civil rights activists School board members in Colorado Politicians from Denver Politicians from Hampton, Virginia Hampton University alumni African-American history of Colorado 20th-century American politicians 20th-century American women politicians American women academics 20th-century African-American women 20th-century African-American politicians 21st-century African-American people 21st-century African-American women

5393266

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20M.%20Morin

John M. Morin

John Mary Morin (April 18, 1868 – March 3, 1942) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives for Pennsylvania. Biography Morin was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but moved with his parents to Pittsburgh. He began working in a glass factory in 1882, and was employed in steel mills until 1885. In 1889, he moved to Missoula, Montana and engaged in mercantile pursuits, during which time he took a night course at the Haskins' Business College in Missoula. After graduating from college in 1892, he returned to Pittsburgh and became engaged in the hotel business. He became a director of the Washington Trust Company in 1910. He served as a member of the Pittsburgh Common Council from 1904 to 1906. He was a delegate to the Republican State conventions from 1905 to 1912, and director of Public Safety in Pittsburgh from 1909 to 1913. Morin was elected in 1912 as a Republican to the 63rd United States Congress, and served eight terms. He was Chairman of the United States House Committee on Military Affairs in the 69th and 70th Congresses. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1928. He was appointed a commissioner of United States Employees' Compensation Commission in Washington, D.C., and served from 1928 until his death at age 73. A long-time member of the Fraternal Order of Eagles, he served as Grand Worthy (International) President of the fraternity in 1920-21. He died in Marine Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, and was interred in Calvary Cemetery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Anecdotes about Morin, and correspondence by his family during World War II, can be found in a book written by his grandson, Love and War as Never Before. References 1868 births 1942 deaths Burials at Calvary Catholic Cemetery (Pittsburgh) Pittsburgh City Council members Politicians from Pittsburgh Politicians from Missoula, Montana Politicians from Philadelphia Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania

5393268

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas%200095

Gas 0095

Gas 0095 was the debut album of electronic musician Mat Jarvis (High Skies) released under his Gas moniker. It was written, performed and recorded in his Nottingham studio during 1994 and released on Em:t Records (Emit Records) in January 1995. The album was never advertised, yet quickly began selling by word of mouth. Before its 2008 re-release and remaster it was known to regularly sell for $400+ on auction sites, like eBay, to collectors. The album was encoded in 3D by the large and hugely expensive Roland Sound Space RSS 3D sound imaging system. In 2008, Gas 0095 was remastered at 32bit/96 kHz from the original studio tapes, and re-released on CD and digital download by Jarvis on the Microscopics label as Micro-000001. Track listing, 1995 version (Names listed as styled on back cover. Note that many of the track lengths given are not correct, actual lengths are listed in parentheses) "generator 0000"- 0:33 (0:35) "experiments on live electricity"- 16:36 (16:35) "microscopic"- 9:50 (9:53) "miniscule" - 0:00, "pixels"- 1:27 (Named separately but grouped together as track 4)(1:30) "vapourware"- 2:00 (1:30) "SeOCl2"- 0:33 (0:35) "earthshake"- 8:15 (8:56) "mathematics and electronics"- 12:30 (12:50) "timestretch"- 0:01, "earthloop"- 3:40 (Named separately but grouped together as track 9)(3:46) "f"- 0:20 (0:50) "H2TeO3"- 0:20 "discovery"- 10:30 "generator 0072"- 5:08 The song "generator 0072" ends at 1:23. After 25 seconds of silence (1:23 - 1:48), begins the hidden track "Pink" (1:48 - 3:53). After "Pink", there are 25 seconds of silence (3:53 - 4:18) and the hidden track "Doom" (4:18 - 5:08). Track listing, 2008 version (Names listed as styled on back cover) "generator"- 0:35 "experiments on live electricity"- 16:40 (16:40) "microscopic"- 9:55 (9:54) "miniscule" - 0:00 (0:04) "pixels"- 1:30 (1:27) "vapourware"- 1:30 (1:28) "selenium"- 0:40 (0:38) "earthshake"- 9:00 (8:57) "mathematics and electronics"- 12:50 (12:49) "timestretch"- 0:02 (0:04) "earthloop"- 3:45 "f"- 0:15 (0:14) "tellurium"- 0:35 (0:32) "discovery"- 11:00 "generator 74"- 1:15 (Time does not include "pink" or "doom") Oddities The track "Timestretch" is a full four-minute track, shrunk down into one second of audio. Much speculation has been made over whether this track can be stretched back again to recover the full version. The track "Miniscule" is a four and a half minute track time-stretched down to twelve milliseconds and is intended as a "comma" between tracks. There are two extra unlisted tracks, "Pink" and "Doom", which appear at the end of the album. "Pink" is a short instrumental, while "Doom" is composed of sound effects from the last level of the classic 1990s computer game, DOOM. Artwork Em:t releases are noted for their striking graphic design, and the 0095 cover is no different. It displays a very iconographic invertebrae ctenophora zooming off like an alien spaceship. The high resolution nature photography is believed to have been chosen by an artist with layout by British design firm The Designers Republic. References External links microscopics.co.uk Mat Jarvis' new label for High Skies & Gas highskies.com High Skies / Gas - Official Website thevibes.net Mat Jarvis interview about the 0095 album emit.cc Fan Site Mat Jarvis albums 1995 debut albums

5393272

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffree%20cell

Jeffree cell

The Jeffree cell was an early acousto-optic modulator, best known for its use in the Scophony system of mechanical television. It was invented by J.H. Jeffree in 1934, and was a major improvement over the Kerr cell modulators used up to that time by allowing more than 200 times the available modulated light. Using ultrasonic sound waves travelling perpendicular to the light, the modulator created areas of varying refractive index leading to advancement and retardation of portions of the light wavefront. This led to constructive and destructive interference among the light waves, modulating their intensity. External links Scophony system at Early Television website References Optical devices

5393274

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304%20EIHL%20season

2003–04 EIHL season

The 2003–04 Elite Ice Hockey League season was the inaugural season of the Elite League. The season ran from September 12, 2003 until April 4, 2004. During the 2002–03 season, the financial collapse of the Manchester Storm and the Scottish Eagles, the resignation of the Bracknell Bees and the uncertainty surrounding the London Knights and their London Arena home left the Ice Hockey Superleague with little option but to fold. The three remaining Superleague clubs, the Belfast Giants, Nottingham Panthers and Sheffield Steelers were joined by three British National League clubs, the Basingstoke Bison, Cardiff Devils and Coventry Blaze and two new clubs, the London Racers and Manchester Phoenix in establishing the Elite Ice Hockey League. The clubs hoped to provide a more financially sustainable league than its predecessor with a greater number of British trained players taking part. The league was met with considerable opposition from the governing body, Ice Hockey UK who initially refused to affiliate itself with the new league, instead desiring that the remaining Superleague clubs integrate themselves into the British National League. This led to a bitter summer of uncertainty which only the intervention of the International Ice Hockey Federation ended. The IIHF ruled that the Elite League be granted a single season's affiliation with IHUK while discussions between IHUK, the EIHL and the BNL took place on the future of the sport in the United Kingdom. The season began on September 12, 2003 with a game between the newly formed London Racers and the previous season's league champions, Sheffield Steelers. London began the season at Alexandra Palace but within a few weeks had relocated to the Lee Valley Ice Centre. The Racers went much of the season without winning, before finally claiming a 3–0 victory over Cardiff as the season drew to its close. Challenge Cup During the early part of the season, the results from league games also counted towards a separate Challenge Cup table. After each team had played each other once at home and once away, the top four teams in the table qualified for the semi finals. Semi Finals 1st (Belfast) vs 4th (Nottingham) Belfast Giants 2–4 Nottingham Panthers Nottingham Panthers 7–3 Belfast Giants (Nottingham win 11–5 on aggregate) 2nd (Sheffield) vs 3rd (Cardiff) Cardiff Devils 1–3 Sheffield Steelers Sheffield Steelers 1–1 Cardiff Devils (Sheffield win 4–2 on aggregate) Final The final brought Nottingham and Sheffield head-to-head in a major final for the seventh time. The Steelers had won each of the last six finals in a run stretching back to 1995 and were clear favourites to win a seventh straight final against their bitter rivals after convincingly winning the Elite League title. After a tight 1–1 draw at the National Ice Centre, the two clubs met in the second leg at Sheffield Arena on March 17. The Panthers stormed into an early 2–0 lead before the Steelers fought back to tie the game at 2–2. Regulation time ended level and so the game went into overtime. After 53 seconds, Kim Ahlroos won the game for Nottingham, ending an eight-year wait for the club to defeat their rivals in a showpiece event. First Leg Nottingham Panthers 1–1 Sheffield Steelers Second Leg Sheffield Steelers 2–3 Nottingham Panthers (after overtime, Nottingham win 4–3 on aggregate) Elite League Table Each team played four home games and four away games against each of their opponents. Sheffield and Nottingham fought it out for the inaugural Elite League title before the Steelers pulled away to become comfortable champions, thanks to twenty consecutive wins, including 7–3, 5–0, 3–0 and 7–4 victories over the Panthers. Nottingham finished runner-up while Coventry were the most successful former BNL side, finishing third. Belfast began the season strongly before a poor run of results in the second half of the season saw them slip to fourth place. Struggling London were always destined to finish last, doing so by thirty-eight points, while Basingstoke also missed out on a place in the playoffs. Elite League Play Offs The top six teams qualified for the playoffs. Group A consisted of Sheffield, Belfast and Manchester while Group B consisted of Nottingham, Coventry and Cardiff. The Phoenix chose to stage one of its home games, against the Steelers at the 1,500 capacity IceSheffield rather than play the substantial costs involved in hiring the MEN Arena. Group A Group B Semi Finals The finals weekend took place over the weekend of 3 April-4 April at the National Ice Centre in Nottingham. Winner A vs Runner-Up B Sheffield Steelers 2–0 Cardiff Devils Winner B vs Runner-Up A Nottingham Panthers 6–1 Manchester Phoenix Final Winner A vs Winner B Sheffield Steelers 2–1 Nottingham Panthers The final saw the two main protagonists of the season come head-to-head in a repeat of the title race and Challenge Cup final. The Steelers avenged their overtime loss in the Cup a few weeks earlier by beating the Panthers 2–1 before a capacity crowd at the NIC. Sheffield marched into a 2–0 lead before Nottingham pulled a goal back on a 5 on 3 powerplay. The Panthers never seriously threatened Sheffield's goal and in the end the Steelers were comfortable winners. Awards Coach of the Year Trophy – Mike Blaisdell, Sheffield Steelers Player of the Year Trophy – Jason Ruff, Belfast Giants Alan Weeks Trophy – Leigh Jamieson, Belfast Giants Best British Forward – Ashley Tait, Coventry Blaze Vic Batchelder Memorial Award – Leigh Jamieson, Belfast Giants All Star teams Scoring leaders The scoring leaders are taken from all league games. Most points: 88 Mark Dutiaume, Sheffield Steelers Most goals: 39 John Craighead, Nottingham Panthers Most assists: 54 Mark Dutiaume, Sheffield Steelers Most PIMs: 352 Paxton Schulte, Belfast Giants References Ice Hockey Journalists UK The Internet Hockey Database Malcolm Preen's Ice Hockey Results and Tables Elite Ice Hockey League seasons 1 United

5393285

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ship%20commissionings%20in%201966

List of ship commissionings in 1966

The list of ship commissionings in 1966 includes a chronological list of all ships commissioned in 1966. See also 1966

5393293

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart%20Granger%20%28basketball%29

Stewart Granger (basketball)

Stewart Francis Granger (born October 27, 1961) is a Canadian former National Basketball Association (NBA) player and Canadian national team member. Though in his early years Granger grew up in Montreal, his high school years were spent attending and playing basketball at Nazareth Regional High School in Brooklyn, New York, USA. Granger won the New York State high school finals in 1979 playing for NYC-Nazareth. Granger played college basketball at Villanova University, where his career averages were 10.4 points per game and 4.8 assists per game. In the 1983 NBA Draft, Granger was selected by the Cleveland Cavaliers at the 24th overall pick. In 1984, his first season, Granger played with the team that drafted him, the Cleveland Cavaliers, an average 4.5 points per game and 2.4 assists per game. In his second season, he played for the Atlanta Hawks, where he averaged 1.8 points per game, and 1.3 assists per game. Then in his final NBA season, which was in 1987 with the New York Knicks, he averaged 3.3 points per game and 1.8 assists per game. Granger was also a first team USBL All-Star in 1986 while a member of the Wildwood Aces. He also had a career in the Philippine Basketball Association. See also List of Montreal athletes List of famous Montrealers References External links FrozenHoops.com History of NBA basketball in Canada. Selection of Top 100 Canadian players of all time 1961 births Living people Alviks BK players Anglophone Quebec people Atlanta Hawks players Basketball players from Montreal Black Canadian basketball players Canadian expatriate basketball people in Sweden Canadian expatriate basketball people in the United States Canadian expatriate basketball people in the Philippines Canadian men's basketball players 1982 FIBA World Championship players 1990 FIBA World Championship players Cleveland Cavaliers draft picks Cleveland Cavaliers players Florida Stingers players Maine Windjammers players National Basketball Association players from Canada New York Knicks players Philippine Basketball Association imports Point guards Sarasota Stingers players Sportspeople from Brooklyn Villanova Wildcats men's basketball players Shell Turbo Chargers players

5393302

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ship%20decommissionings%20in%201995

List of ship decommissionings in 1995

The list of ship decommissionings in 1995 includes a chronological list of all ships decommissioned in 1995. See also 1995 Ship decommissionings Ship

5393303

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny%20Revolta

Johnny Revolta

John F. Revolta (April 5, 1911 – March 3, 1991) was an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour in the 1930s, 1940s, and early 1950s. He won a major title, the 1935 PGA Championship, and had 18 career wins on tour. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Revolta's family relocated to Oshkosh, Wisconsin in 1923 when he was twelve. He learned the game as a caddie at the public course in Oshkosh and won the state caddie championship at age 14. Like most professional golfers of his generation, Revolta started out as a club professional. He worked at Swan Lake Country Club in Portage in 1930, Chippewa Elks Golf Club in 1931, Riverside Country Club in Menominee, Michigan 1932–1933, and Tripoli Country Club in Milwaukee from 1934–1936. He won the Wisconsin State Open four times in a six-year period; he was not eligible for two years while working in Michigan. Revolta was a member of the PGA Tour from 1935–1952. Revolta's best year as a tour pro was 1935, when he won five tournaments and led the PGA Tour's money list. He defeated Tommy Armour 5 & 4 in the PGA Championship held at Twin Hills Golf & Country Club and also won the Western Open, the era's "fifth major." He also played in the Ryder Cup in 1935 and 1937. Revolta was known as the "Iron Master" because of his outstanding short game. Regarding his bunker play in particular, short game master Paul Runyan said Revolta "led the class [of outstanding bunker players] by a big margin. His skill from sand simply left me aghast." His instruction book, Johnny Revolta's Short Cuts to Better Golf, first published in 1949, is still in print today. Revolta was the head professional at Evanston Golf Club in Skokie, Illinois, from 1935 to 1966, and continued to teach there during summers into the late 1980s. He died in Palm Springs, California in 1991, a month shy of his 80th birthday. Professional wins (29) PGA Tour wins (18) 1933 (1) Miami Open 1934 (2) St. Paul Open, Wisconsin Open 1935 (5) Western Open, Sarasota Open, Wisconsin Open, PGA Championship, Inverness Invitational Four-Ball (with Henry Picard) 1936 (1) Thomasville Open 1937 (2) Miami Biltmore Open, Miami International Four-Ball (with Henry Picard) 1938 (4) Sacramento Open, St. Petersburg Open, St. Paul Open, Columbia Open 1939 (1) Inverness Invitational Four-Ball (with Henry Picard) 1941 (1) San Francisco National Match Play Open 1944 (1) Texas Open Major championship is shown in bold. Other wins (11) this list is probably incomplete 1930 Wisconsin State Open 1931 Wisconsin State Open 1935 Miami International Four-Ball (with Henry Picard) 1936 Waterloo Open Golf Classic, Miami International Four-Ball (with Henry Picard), Illinois PGA Championship 1937 Illinois PGA Championship 1938 Illinois PGA Championship 1941 Illinois PGA Championship 1944 Pro-Lady Victory National (with Patty Berg) 1947 Illinois PGA Championship Major championships Wins (1) Note: The PGA Championship was match play until 1958 Results timeline NYF = tournament not yet founded NT = no tournament WD = withdrew CUT = missed the half-way cut R64, R32, R16, QF, SF, F = round in which player lost in PGA Championship match play "T" indicates a tie for a place Summary Most consecutive cuts made – 24 (1933 U.S. Open – 1940 PGA) Longest streak of top-10s – 2 (1934 U.S. Open – 1934 PGA) See also List of golfers with most PGA Tour wins List of men's major championships winning golfers References External links American male golfers PGA Tour golfers Ryder Cup competitors for the United States Winners of men's major golf championships Golf writers and broadcasters Golfers from St. Louis American people of Italian descent 1911 births 1991 deaths

5393336

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norimitsu%20Onishi

Norimitsu Onishi

is a Japanese Canadian journalist. He is a Paris correspondent for the New York Times, after holding the position as Bureau Chief in Johannesburg, Jakarta, Tokyo and Abidjan. He was a member of The New York Times reporting team that received the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting for coverage of the 2014 Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa. Team members named by The Times were Pam Belluck, Helene Cooper, Sheri Fink, Adam Nossiter, Onishi, Kevin Sack, and Ben C. Solomon. In November 2018, Onishi wrote an article about the lonely deaths of the elderly in Japan, titled "A Generation in Japan Faces a Lonely Death" for which he was nominated as a 2018 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing Finalist. Readers thanked Norimitsu for his "profoundly moving piece" about two people who live alone in a danchi, a sprawling government apartment complex, outside Tokyo. Career Onishi was born in Ichikawa, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. When he was four years old, Onishi and his family immigrated to Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He attended Princeton University and served as the chief editor of the student newspaper. Onishi was a reporter for The Detroit Free Press from 1992 until 1993. In December 1993, he joined The New York Times where he began as police reporter from January to July 1994 and city weekly reporter from July 1994 to March 1995. He went on to become the Queens bureau chief from March 1995 to September 1997 and later the West Africa bureau chief from 1998 to 2002. Onishi became the Tokyo bureau chief for the Times in August 2003. In 2008, he was transferred to head the Southeast Asia bureau in Jakarta; Martin Fackler succeeded him as chief of the Tokyo bureau. In 2012, he was part of a team of reporters, which also included Fackler and Hiroko Tabuchi, that was named as finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in International Reporting for its investigative coverage of the March 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. In September and October 2014, Onishi reported on the ebola virus epidemic in West Africa from Liberia. Since July 2019, he is a Paris correspondent. Onishi received the 2020 Gerald Loeb Award for Breaking News for "Crash in Ethiopia". Criticism Conservatives in Japan such as Kohyu Nishimura and Yoshihisa Komori, accuse Onishi of holding a leftist perspective and having a strong "anti-Japan" bias, which, they suggest, helps foster a vilified image of Japan abroad. This is partially due to Onishi criticisms of Japan’s largest far-right organisation and lobby Nippon Kaigi, in which members include prominent Japanese politicians including Prime Ministers. Another article, "Letter from Asia: Why Japan Seems Content to Be Run by One Party" provoked an official objection statement from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan for being "an incorrect article." In it, Onishi referred to Japan's democracy as an "illusion" and immature, comparing its government to that of North Korea and China. His article on December 17, 2006, "Japan Rightists Fan Fury Over North Korea Abductions," was also criticized by Kyoko Nakayama, Special Adviser to the Japanese Prime Minister on Abduction. Thomas H. Snitch, a former professor of American University also suggested that Onishi's coverage on Japan's effort to deal with the issue of the North Korean abductions of Japanese is influenced by political bias. Some Japanese conservatives even made unproven claims that Onishi is a naturalized Japanese citizen of Korean descent. References External links Contributed articles by Norimitsu Onishi in the New York Times Times Coverage of Ebola: Pulitzer-Winning Articles and More (Published 2015), Pulitzer Prize-winning articles on Ebola Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Canadian expatriate journalists in the United States Canadian male journalists Detroit Free Press people Japanese emigrants to Canada The New York Times writers People from Ichikawa, Chiba Princeton University alumni Gerald Loeb Award winners for Breaking News

5393354

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus%20Anadyomene

Venus Anadyomene

Venus Anadyomene (from Greek, "Venus Rising From the Sea") is one of the iconic representations of the goddess Venus (Aphrodite), made famous in a much-admired painting by Apelles, now lost, but described in Pliny's Natural History, with the anecdote that the great Apelles employed Campaspe, a mistress of Alexander the Great, for his model. According to Athenaeus, the idea of Aphrodite rising from the sea was inspired by the courtesan Phryne, who, during the time of the festivals of the Eleusinia and Poseidonia, often swam nude in the sea. A scallop shell, often found in Venus Anadyomenes, is a symbol of the female vulva. The subject never entirely disappeared in Western art, and revived greatly in the Italian Renaissance, with further boosts in the Baroque and Rococo, and in late 19th-century Academic painting. At least one central female nude is practically required in the subject, which has contributed to its popularity. Antiquity According to Greek mythology, Aphrodite was born as an adult woman from the sea off Paphos in Cyprus, which also perpetually renewed her virginity. A motif of the goddess wringing out her hair is often repeated. The subject was often repeated in Antiquity, a fourth-century sculptural representation from a Gallo-Roman villa in Aquitania (Louvre) testifying to the motif's continued viability in Late Antiquity. Apelles' painting was executed for the temple of Asclepius at Kos, from which it was taken to Rome by Augustus in part payment of tribute, and set up in the Temple of Caesar. In the time of Nero, owing to its dilapidated condition, it was replaced by a copy made by the painter Dorotheus. Pliny, listing Apelles' best paintings, noted "[Another of] Venus emerging from the sea, dedicated by the late Augustus of blessed memory in the shrine of Caesar his [adoptive-]father, which is called 'The Anadyomene', praised in Greek verses like other works, conquered by time but undimmed in fame." The image of Venus Anadyomene is one of the very few images that survived in Western Europe, essentially unchanged from its classical appearance, from Antiquity into the High Middle Ages. Jean Seznec instances two images of Venus among constellations illustrating 14th-century Provençal manuscripts of Matfre Ermengau of Béziers' Breviari d'amor, in which Venus is represented nude in the sea: "This extraordinary conservatism may perhaps be explained by the fact that the culture of the last pagan centuries remained alive longer in Provence than elsewhere." Renaissance onwards Through the desire of Renaissance artists reading Pliny to emulate Apelles, and if possible, to outdo him, Venus Anadyomene was taken up again in the 15th century: besides Botticelli's famous The Birth of Venus (Uffizi Gallery, Florence), another early Venus Anadyomene is the bas-relief by Antonio Lombardo from Wilton House (Victoria and Albert Museum). Titian's Venus Anadyomene, , formerly a long-term loan by the Duke of Sutherland, was bought by the National Gallery of Scotland in 2003. It depicts Venus standing in the sea, wringing out her hair. The scallop shell is merely symbolic, as it does not interact with Venus. Giambologna's sculpture is also a single figure wringing out her hair. The subject was popular with Baroque and Rococo painters, who made up large groups with attending cherubs, sea-nymphs, sea-horses, and tritons around the goddess; these might also be called a Triumph of Venus, and can be traced back to Raphael's Galatea (c. 1514). This, rather than the Botticelli, was the dominant influence on paintings of the subject until the late 19th century. Paintings in this vein include those by Nicolas Poussin (1635–36, Philadelphia), Sebastiano Ricci (c. 1713, Getty Museum), Pierre-Jacques Cazes, François Boucher (1740, Stockholm, and c. 1743 Hermitage Museum). A Cornelis de Vos in the Prado has an original and less formal composition. Rococo sculptures of the subject were modestly draped across the hips, but bolder nudes appealed to male nineteenth-century patrons. Théodore Chassériau executed the subject in 1835; he repeated the hair-wringing gesture in his most famous work The Toilette of Esther (1841). Ingres' Venus Anadyomene, completed after many years in 1848, is one of the painter's most celebrated works (Musée Condé). Alexandre Cabanel's The Birth of Venus, reworking the then recently discovered Pompeii fresco, was shown at the Paris Salon in 1863, and bought by Napoleon III for his own personal collection. Venus lies naked on the waves ambiguously, with putti flying above her. Robert Rosenblum's comment on Cabanel's painting is that "This Venus hovers somewhere between an ancient deity and a modern dream... and the ambiguity of her eyes, that seem to be closed but that a close look reveals that she is awake... A nude who could be asleep or awake is specially formidable for a male viewer". Such a highly conventionalized theme, with undertones of eroticism justified by its mythological context, was ripe for modernist deconstruction; in 1870 Arthur Rimbaud evoked the image of a portly Clara Venus ("famous Venus") with all-too-human blemishes (déficits) in a sardonic poem that introduced cellulite to high literature: La graisse sous la peau paraît en feuilles plates ("the fat under the skin appears in slabs"). The Birth of Venus, by William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1879), reimagines the composition of the Raphael and Poussin tradition, reflecting the subject's continuing popularity among the academic painters of the late 19th century. It was shown at the Paris Salon of 1879, and was bought for the Musée du Luxembourg. Venus' nude figure takes up the center of the composition, with many admirers gathered around her. Pablo Picasso recast the image of Venus Anadyomene in the central figure of his seminal painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), a modernist deconstruction of the icon, and one of the foundational artworks of Cubism. Venus Anadyomene offered a natural subject for a fountain: the National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C., has a lifesize bronze plumbed so that water drips from Venus' hair, modelled by a close follower of Giambologna, late sixteenth century. The voyage of the sable Venus from Angola to the West Indies In 1793, Thomas Stothard created an etching inspired by Raphael or by Baroque compositions for the third edition of Bryan Edwards' The History, civil and Commercial of the British colonies in the West Indies. The voyage of the Sable Venus, from Angola to the West Indies depicts an African woman in the role of Venus. Attended by eight cherubs fanning her with feathers either of ostrich or of peacock, she holds the reins of a pair of dolphins who draw onward to the Americas the half-shell on which she stands. Cupid is displayed in the scene taking aim at a depiction of Neptune on the left waving a British flag. To the right is shown Triton looking back to the Sable Venus and embracing one of the dolphins. The figure is one of feminine strength: muscular, lean and adorned by a jewel necklace. Wave theory In 1913 the British archaeologist John Myres was on the coast near Paphos in winter. Watching the sea, he saw the wind blow two breakers together Gallery References Further reading Especially pp. 126–132. External links Venus Anadyomene, Roman villa of Petit-Corbin, Gironde (Musée du Louvre) Antonio Lombardo, Venus Anadyomene Venus Anadyomene, National Gallery of Art Arthur Rimbaud, "Vénus Anadyomène" T.R. Quigley, "Semiotics and Western Painting", 1994 Picasso's Demoiselles d'Avignon. Iconography Nude art

5393359

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20McLane

Robert McLane

Robert Milligan McLane (November 30, 1867 – May 30, 1904) was the 32nd Mayor of Baltimore, serving from May 19, 1903 to his death on May 30, 1904. He is known for his role in the Great Baltimore Fire, and for his sudden death in office. Early life Robert McLane was born in Baltimore, the son of James Latimer and Fanny (King) McLane. He was the nephew of Robert Milligan McLane. He graduated from Johns Hopkins University in 1886, and subsequently attended the University of Maryland School of Law. On May 14, 1904, he married Mrs. Mary (Lusby) Van Bibber, a widow several years his senior. She had been previously married to Dr. John Pierre Van Bibber, a Baltimore physician who had died in 1892. Political career In 1903, McLane was elected Mayor of Baltimore; he was 35, and the city's youngest mayor. His actions in office included the appointment of William Cabell Bruce to the position of city solicitor, and, far more controversially, the management of the Great Baltimore Fire in February 1904: during the fire, McLane "stood in the streets (...) cheering on the firefighters", which historian and professor of management Pete Petersen has described as "the macho thing to do", but "not the smartest", since it meant that McLane was incommunicado, and could not accept offers of aid from other cities. In the fire's aftermath, McLane told The Baltimore News that although he was "gratified at the sympathy and the offers of practical assistance" from across the United States, "Baltimore [would] take care of its own people the best it can"; all donations were returned. Death On May 30, 1904, McLane was found in his home, dying of a gunshot wound to the head. He had been in office 385 days. McLane's death was ruled suicide. Those who knew him had differing opinions as to this verdict, with some emphasizing the stress that he had faced as a result of the post-fire reconstruction. In 2004, researchers from The Baltimore Sun pointed out that McLane had gotten married two weeks before his death, which could have alleviated his stress, but that his family had refused to attend the wedding because his wife was 12 years older than he and from the wrong social class ("the smart set" as opposed to "the retiring aristocratic sort"), which could have exacerbated it. They also pointed out that McLane left no suicide note, and that he had written a letter earlier that day describing his plans for the following week. In 1986, Sun columnist Theo Lippman, Jr. cited a 1956 letter to the editor which claimed that "many of us feel confident that we know that [McLane] was murdered and also who the murderer was and also the motive for that crime", but which did not provide further details. By 1914, the intersection of Baltimore Street and Liberty Street had been renamed McLane Place in his honor; however, this name was subsequently abandoned. References 1867 births 1904 deaths Mayors of Baltimore Suicides by firearm in Maryland American politicians who committed suicide Maryland Democrats 1904 suicides

5393364

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni%20Karjalainen

Toni Karjalainen

Toni Karjalainen (born 9 July 1979) is one of only a few Finnish professional golfers on the international circuit, and has been his country's highest ranked male golfer. Karjalainen won the 2005 Thomas Björn Open on the European Tour's official developmental tour to earn full membership of the Challenge Tour for 2006. He followed up in 2006 by winning the Telenet Trophy. He also made several appearances on the main European Tour in 2006, having won limited privileges through his Challenge Tour performances. Having lost his playing privileges in Europe at the end of the 2008 season, Karjalainen joined the Asian Tour in 2009 after coming through qualifying school. Professional wins (3) Challenge Tour wins (2) Nordic Golf League wins (1) 2002 Messilä Trophy Team appearances Amateur Eisenhower Trophy (representing Finland): 2000, 2002 See also 2005 Challenge Tour graduates External links Finnish male golfers European Tour golfers Asian Tour golfers Sportspeople from South Karelia People from Lappeenranta 1979 births Living people

5393374

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintenance%20of%20Internal%20Security%20Act

Maintenance of Internal Security Act

The Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA) was a controversial law passed by the Indian parliament in 1971 giving the administration of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Indian law enforcement agencies very broad powers – indefinite preventive detention of individuals, search and seizure of property without warrants, and wiretapping – in the quelling of civil and political disorder in India, as well as countering foreign-inspired sabotage, terrorism, subterfuge and threats to national security. The law was amended several times during the subsequently declared national emergency (1975–1977) and used for quelling political dissent. Finally it was repealed in 1977, when Indira Gandhi lost the 1977 Indian general election and the Janata Party came to power. History The Act was enacted on July 2, 1971, and replaced the previous ordinance, the "Maintenance of Internal Security Ordinance" promulgated by the President of India on May 7, 1971. The Act was based on the Preventive Detention Act of 1950 (PDA), enacted for a period of a year, before it was extended until December 31, 1969. The legislation gained infamy for its disregard of legal and constitutional safeguards of civil rights, especially when "going all the way down" on the competition, and during the period of national emergency (1975–1977) as thousands of innocent people were believed to have been arbitrarily arrested, tortured and in some cases, even forcibly sterilized. The legislation was also invoked to justify the arrest of Indira Gandhi's political opponents, including the leaders and activists of the opposition Janata Party. In all, during the emergency period of 1975–1977, some 100,000 people, which included journalists, scholars, activists and opposition politicians were detained without trial for a period of up to 18 months. Some people were even detained for opposing forced sterilization drives or demolition of slums carried out during this period. The 39th Amendment to the Constitution of India placed MISA in the 9th Schedule to the Constitution, thereby making it totally immune from any judicial review even on the grounds that it contravened the Fundamental Rights which are guaranteed by the Constitution, or violated the Basic Structure. The law was repealed in 1977 following the election of a Janata Party-led government; the 44th Amendment Act of 1978 similarly removed MISA from the 9th Schedule. However, other coercive legislation like Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA), the Essential Services Maintenance Act (ESMA, 1968), and economic counterpart of the act, Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act (COFEPOSA) enacted on December 13, 1974 to prevent smuggling and black-marketing in foreign exchange is still enforced. Controversial successors to such legislation include the National Security Act (1980), Terrorism and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA, 1985–1995), and the Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA, 2002), criticized for authorizing excessive powers for the aim of fighting internal and cross-border terrorism and political violence, without safeguards for civil freedoms. Pension In the non-Indian National Congress ruled states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, people detained under Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA) and Defence of India Act (DIR) during the 1975-1977 national emergency, get Rs. pension per month from the respective state governments. In 2014, the Rajasthan government restarted its pension scheme of Rs. per month for 800 enlisted former detainees, first launched under Chief Minister Vasundhara Raje's first term in 2008. The scheme was discontinued in 2009, by Ashok Gehlot-led Congress government. Detainees Some notable political leaders imprisoned under Maintenance of Internal Security Act: Atal Bihari Vajpayee Chandra Shekhar Jayprakash Narayan Devi Lal George Fernandes M. Karunanidhi M. K. Stalin T. R. Baalu Jai Kishan Gupta (one of the longest MISA detainee from Delhi) Mulayam Singh Yadav Lalu Prasad Yadav Santosh Bharti, thrice (1973 - 74 - 75) Sharad Yadav, twice (1973–75) Vijay Rupani Charanjeet Bhatia Choudhary Mir Singh philanthropist from Munirka, Delhi Dr. Satpal kapoor, Sonepat (Hr.) N. Azu Newmai, one of the leaders of UDF, a regional political party of Nagaland See also 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 References External links The Emergency (India) Acts of the Parliament of India 1971 Human rights abuses in India Internal security issues of India Repealed Indian legislation Indira Gandhi administration 1977 disestablishments in India Repealed Acts of the Parliament of India

5393380

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twofour

Twofour

Twofour is a British television and digital media group founded in 1989 by Charles Wace, a former BBC news producer, and Christopher Slade, a BBC presenter. With its headquarters in Plymouth, Twofour has offices in London and Los Angeles. In June 2015, Twofour Group was acquired by ITV Studios. Melanie Leach was named CEO in summer 2014. In Autumn 2019, Leach stepped down, and Tim Carter was appointed CEO of Twofour and the ITV company Multistory Media. Divisions Twofour Twofour supplies programming to channels including BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5, and UKTV. Twofour was awarded Broadcast's "Best Indie Production Company" title in 2010 and 2014, with titles including The Jump (Channel 4), The Real Marigold Hotel (BBC One/BBC Two) and This Time Next Year (ITV) and Channel 5's longest running series, The Hotel Inspector. The company produces ob-doc and fixed rig shows such as Channel 4's Educating Yorkshire, Educating the East End and 2011's Educating Essex. Twofour has produced a range of adventure documentaries such as Harry's Arctic Heroes for BBC One and Harry's Mountain Heroes for ITV, both featuring Prince Harry and a group of wounded soldiers as they attempt to reach the North Pole and Mount Everest respectively and “You’ve Gotta Run” for ITV and Peace Point TV as the students run away and DeeDee is the running teacher. Twofour Rights Twofour Rights was the distribution arm of TwoFour. Launched in 2012, they brought TwoFours programmes to the international marketplace. In 2021, TwoFour's parent company ITV Studios, merged TwoFour Rights into ITV Studios Distribution. Programmes produced by Twofour 2021 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Awards This Time Next Year was named the fastest selling format in the world in 2016, and secured a C21 award and a Realscreen Award. The Real Marigold Hotel won a Rose d'Or award in 2016. The series was moved to BBC One for its second series. Educating Yorkshire won a National Television Award, RTS Award, Broadcast Award for Best Documentary, IVCA Award, a BAFTA Craft award and two BAFTA Television nominations. Twofour held the title Best Indie Production Company in 2010 and 2014, and secured 1st place in Televisual Magazine's True Indie Survey 2013. The company has been awarded several IVCA and RTS awards. In 2013, triple BAFTA-nominated Educating Essex won a Broadcast Award for Best Documentary Series. References External links ITV (TV network) Mass media companies established in 1989 Television production companies of the United Kingdom

5393385

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw%20Warszycki

Stanisław Warszycki

Stanisław Warszycki of Abdank coat of arms (c. 1600 – 1680/1681) was a noble (szlachcic) and magnate in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Starosta of Piotrków, Voivode of Mazowsze (1630–1651), Castellan of Cracow (from 1651). He was known for his loyalty to his king and country, and gained fame as a good military commander and especially as a keen investor dedicated to developing his lands, but there are also many legends about his cruelty — although it is likely many of the latter were spread by his enemies. There are now several places in Poland which claim his ghost appears there. Biography In his youth he studied at the University of Padua. He was known for his interest in economics of his estates. He ordered the creation of many fishing ponds and canals, as well as manufactures: his estates supported several cloth and pottery manufacturers and brick factories. He encouraged the immigration of foreign craftsman to his estates. However it also appears that he or some of his overseers were responsible for some serfs' unrest; there are also legends of his cruelty towards the peasantry. In 1632 he married Helena Wiśniowiecka, daughter of Konstanty Wiśniowiecki. Her dowry included estates at Pilica and Smoleńsk. They had one son, Jan Kazimierz Warszycki, and two daughters, Anna Helena and Teresa. From 1632 he fortified his village of Danków to such an extent (moat, wall with towers) that it withheld the Swedish assault during the Swedish invasion of Poland. It was possibly not attacked by them, and remained Warszycki base of operations for the duration of the war. It was probably the only fortified village in the entire country. In his manor at Danków he received prominent personalities of his era, including king of Poland Jan II Kazimierz, queen Ludwika Maria Gonzaga, hetman Stefan Czarniecki (however, some sources indicate he received them at Pilica or Ogrodzienic), and other senators of Poland (he, as a voivode and later castellan, was a senator himself). Danków fortifications remained a notable place long after Warszycki's death, but by the 19th century the castle was in ruins and today only ruins of outer walls remain. In 1651 he expanded the fortifications at Pilica castle. He is generally known for constructing, rebuilding or expanding many fortifications in his dominions. He also sponsored the construction of at least one church and donated money to the Jagiellonian University. He remained loyal to the Polish state during the war with Sweden (when many powerful magnates defected to the Swedish side). He recaptured the castle at Pilica from the Swedish commander Lindorn. He relieved his manor at Danków and forced the Swedes to retreat from Krzepice and Ogrodzieniec. He took part in the defence of Częstochowa, where Swedes laid siege to the Jasna Góra Monastery. Stanisław sent some of his men with provisions (cows) and 12 cannons to defend the monastery. During the Polish counteroffensive against the Swedes he took part in the fights against the Swedes in Siewierszczyzna (Severia). At some point he was ambushed by another magnate, Orzechowski. Warszycki barely escaped with his life and sued Orzechowski before the Crown Tribunal. Despite royal support for Orzechowski, Warszycki succeeded in securing a death penalty for his enemy. Although he gave Orzechowski the chance to evade the penalty if he would renounce his faith (he was a Polish brother), Orzechowski refused and consequently was executed by a firing squad. In 1669 he bought from for 267,000 zlotys estates at Ogrodzieniec, Bydlin, Włodowice, Kromołów, Zawiercie, and silver mines near Olkusz. He spent much of his fortune rebuilding what was damaged during the Swedish invasion, including the castle at Ogrodzieniec. He was known as a mediator and was active in the politics of Poland. Once, when an illness made him too weak to move, he ordered to be carried from Radom to Pilica to a Sejm (session of Polish parliament). His and his wife's epitaphs are to be found in Jasna Góra. Folklore Warszycki became a rather prominent character in many legends. Danków was said to have vast dungeons filled with treasures and in contemporary Poland there were stories that Warszycki sold his soul to the Devil to enlist his help in the construction of the fortifications. The Devil supposedly took him to hell before he died. His enemies also accused him of being cruel to his peasants; in Ogrodzienic he presumably constructed a 'cave of tortures'. Another story tells of how he became furious that his wife received a male guest, and suspecting them of an affair, blew up part of the castle. According to a variant of that story, he immured the unfaithful wife, before blowing up that part of the castle. Another just limits the penalty to public flagellation. An alternative reason for his cruelty against his wife is that she attempted to poison him. Yet another story describes his greedy side and how he promised his daughter, Barbara, a dowry and then gave her nothing out of greed and spite. Or, in yet another variant, he had nothing to give because his treasures mysteriously disappeared. Whether he hid them, or they were stolen, or the devil took them... who knows. Many of his former possessions have legends centered around him being a ghost. He haunts especially the Ogrodzienic and Olsztyn castles, with chains, black dogs, and various accessories (sources vary). On the other hand, there is a story about a great feast he once held for the poor people. He invited them to his castle in Pilica, ordered them to take a bath and gave them clean clothes. The source seems to indicate he also sponsored a charity in Pilica. To make matters more confusing, a female ghost immured in the castle is also rumored to appear at Pilica; her connection to Warszycki family is not known. There is at least one story connected to his son, Jan Kazimierz, telling he was an extreme womanizer and his first wife left him on the very day of their marriage. It is unknown if any of those stories bear much truth, they may also be connected to other members of his family, several of which also bore his name. At least one story gives the year 1697 for the event, thus it would most certainly be related to a later Stanisław Warszycki. This story tells how that Stanisław wanted to buy a certain village. When its owner refused, Stanisław invited him and held a series of feasts and festivals for the guests over the period of several weeks. When the other noble returned home, he discovered that Warzycki's people have moved the entire village to his lands. When he returned to complain, Warszycki paid him a good price but refused to return the villagers. References WARSZYCKI STANISŁAW - zm. 1680 Danków 3 Photos Legends about Warszycki - a good compilation of many legends found throughout the 'net External links Portrait Secular senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1600s births 1680s deaths Polish ghosts Polish nobility People from Sandomierz

5393388

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scophony

Scophony

Scophony was a sophisticated mechanical television system developed in Britain by Scophony Limited. A black and white image was produced by an early form of acousto-optic modulation of a bright light using a piezoelectric crystal and water or other transparent liquid column. Principle of operation The light modulator worked as follows. Crystal vibrations at one end of a horizontal water column would cause waves to propagate through the water. The light was passed through this column from the side across the waves as they propagated through the column, via separate horizontal and vertical orientated cylindrical lenses. The vibrations through the water would act as a diffraction grating, the higher the amplitude, the more that the light passing through would be diffracted. The light passed through the water column was then horizontally focussed onto either a slit or narrow optical block, depending on whether positive or negative modulation of the water column was used. The amount of light which would either pass through the slit or go around the block depended on the amplitude of the modulation, thereby causing the light amplitude to be modulated. Following the slit/block, the light would hit the high speed horizontal rotating mirror drum which was synchronised to the propagation of the waves through the water bath, in order that a particular wave in the water bath would appear at a fixed position on the screen, although that wave would actually be moving through the water column. This technique allowed significantly more of the light from the light source to be used compared to previous light modulation techniques. Vertical scanning was achieved by a separate much larger rotating mirror drum. It is a common misconception that the water column would contain a complete video line, but this was not necessary with the Scophony system. Innovation Scophony's system used several innovative devices: A split horizontal and vertical focus optical system invented by Walton, developed specially for use with mirror scanning systems and the Jeffree cell. Light beams were focused by crossed cylindrical lenses, concentrating the light in two planes. This allowed the use of smaller lenses and mirrors, thus reducing size and cost. This was particularly important to Scophony since they intended to produce extremely large images. A light modulator developed by J.H. Jeffree in 1934 and known as the Jeffree cell, a cell filled with a transparent fluid which used mechanical oscillations to modulate the light beam passing through it. It was a substantial improvement over the previous Kerr cell, 200 times as much modulated light being available at the screen. High speed synchronous motors which could be relied on for 1000 hours of use, some lasting longer without noticeable wear. The Scophony system used two: a low speed scanner which operated at 240 RPM and a high speed scanner which ran at 30,375 RPM for 405 line transmissions or 39,690 RPM for the American 441 line system. Company The company Scophony Limited was established by entrepreneur Solomon Sagall in the early 1930s to exploit the patents of inventor George William Walton and William Stephenson. In 1932, Ferranti invested £3,500 in the company, however in 1934 Ferranti turned down the option to invest a further £10,000 to re-structure Scophony Limited, and in 1935 EKCO replaced Ferranti as the company's main investor. In 1938, the Scophony company demonstrated three types of 405 line mechanical television receivers at the Radiolympia exhibition in London: a home receiver, with a picture area of approximately and two systems intended for theater operation, one producing a image and the other a image. Several of the theatre systems were installed and operated successfully but none of the receivers were sold as production was halted due to the impending war. Scophony Limited operated as a television manufacturer in Britain up to WWII and then in the USA. During WWII Scophony moved to Somerset and worked on war work. "Of all the electro-mechanical television techniques invented and developed by the mid-1930s, the technology known as Scophony had no rival in terms of technical performance." In November 1948, Scophony merged with John Logie Baird Ltd to become Scophony-Baird; offering for sale a line of four Baird-branded television sets the following year. See also Ulises Armand Sanabria Joshua Sieger References External links Scophony system at TV History website Scophony system at Early Television website Solomon Sagall obituary: NY Times Ferranti History of television History of science and technology in the United Kingdom Television technology

5393398

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20World%20of%20Arthur%20Russell

The World of Arthur Russell

The World of Arthur Russell is a compilation album by Arthur Russell, released in 2004 on Soul Jazz Records. Reception Simon Reynolds of Uncut gave the album a five star rating, but stated that the album "is splendid but in truth only scratches the surfaces of Russell's officially released work (plus there's mountains of unreleased material originally deemed too kooky for the '80s post-disco market)." Track listing "Go Bang" (Dinosaur L) – 7:36 "Wax the Van" (Lola) – 5:27 "Is It All Over My Face" (Loose Joints) – 6:57 "Keeping Up" (Arthur Russell) – 6:20 "In the Light of the Miracle" (Arthur Russell) – 13:21 "A Little Lost" (Arthur Russell) – 3:18 "Pop Your Funk" (Loose Joints) – 6:38 "Let's Go Swimming" (Arthur Russell) – 5:14 "In the Cornbelt" (Dinosaur L) – 5:57 "Treehouse" (Arthur Russell) – 2:17 "Schoolbell/Treehouse" (Indian Ocean) – 10:05 References Sources 2004 compilation albums Arthur Russell (musician) albums Soul Jazz Records compilation albums

5393399

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ%20Reid%20Speed

DJ Reid Speed

Reid Speed (born Amy Margolis) is a multi-genre DJ who specializes in dubstep, drum and bass, trap, and electro. She owns and runs Play Me Records out of Santa Monica, California. Biography Music When Reid Speed began spinning records in 1996, she first generated curiosity as one of few female DJs at the time. However, she quickly earned respect for her talent in the highly competitive New York City DJ scene. By the summer of 1997, she was working with rave promoters Stuck on Earth Promotions and the following year as a member of the Direct Drive crew. Play Me Records, her label, is a leading force in the American end of dubstep. Reid has now a second label, Play Me Too Records. As one of the first US DJs to champion speed garage & 2 step. Reid started out in the New York City underground working behind the counter at the legendary Breakbeat Science store, holding residencies with Stuck on Earth, Direct Drive & Camouflage while in college at the School of Visual Arts. Drum and bass at the start, she was soon was seduced by the sounds of 2 step and speed garage and began DJing full-time, producing tracks and throwing her own events. Signing to Breakbeat Science's label in 2001, she released her first mix "Resonance" to much critical acclaim, and successfully followed it up with 2003's "Life After Dark." On subsequent tours with Om artists Ming (DJ) & FS and Colette she honed her precise genre mashing mixing skills and developed a synergy with her crowds that is unmatched. Her tunes and mixes get play from many of the world's most respected radio stations and DJs including BBC/ Annie Nightingale (voted Reid Best Mix of 2008), Sweidish Egil (Power 106 LA), Z-trip, Drop the Lime, Jaimie Fanatic, 12th Planet, Bassnectar & DJ Dan. Whether on the floor, in the studio or behind the decks Reid keeps pushing boundaries forward every step she takes. Tours Reid toured the US from June 2011 to October 2011 with Sub Antix, FS, and Cyberoptics as part of Play Me Records' Bass Monster Tour. Reid's tracks and mixes have been featured on/by: Showtime Shonext, Puma, Adidas, BBC Radio 1 (Annie Nightingale's Best Mix of 2008), LA Power 106, Sirius, I Heart Comix, NickyDigital, Groove Radio, Dogs On Acid, Missingtoof, Discodust, Hype Machine, Crux Da House, NerdyFrames, Media Contender, "Bomb It" History of Graffiti Documentary. TV/Print appearances In 2003, Reid was chosen to play her blend of drum & bass on Jamie Kennedy's show, The Jamie Kennedy Experiment on the WB Television Network. She also appeared in an episode of Spike TV's MDN. In 2005, she was chosen to judge BPM Magazine & Rockstar energy drink's "Beauty & the Beats" contest with DJ Rap and Colette. A subsequent tour garnered much attention, including an appearance on Bravo's "Blowout". Other appearances: MDN, "Concentric Beats" Documentary, "Sabotage" short film, Nylon, Paper, Flaunt, Gear, LA Weekly, Village Voice, Vice, The Fader, Urb, XLR8R, Mixer, Karma, Tokyon, Metropop, Frank151 Notable Events Diesel, Scion, J. Lindberg, Rockstar, Skullcandy, LA Natural History Museum, Beautiful Decay, US Capitol Lawn protest 2014 New Zealand: Code Bar in Auckland, Friday 18 of July The Block Party in Hamilton, Saturday 19 July Sponsors Shure, Pioneer, Native Instruments, Stanton, Numark, Tascam, Triple 5 Soul, Matix, Sinful, JNCO, Junkytees. Discography EPs Reeespect (2001) Resonance (2002) Life After Dark (2003) Under The Influence (2009) We Love The Blunts (2012) with Proper Villains Singles "S-I-M-P-L-O-T (Original Mix)" (2000) w/ FS "PantyDrop" w/ Flinch "Why Don't You Pay Me" w/ Flinch "Shake Dat" w/ Flinch "Danger" w/ Queensyze "Prosti-tot" (2009) w/ Mike Balance "U Hold The Weed" w/ Dino "Jailbait Rinse" (2009) w/ Hot Mouth "Fangbanger" (2010) w/ Dino "Bass Monster" (2011) w/ FS Remixes "Krafty Kuts & Tim Deluxe - Bass Phenomenon" (2007) w/ Josh David "Datcyde - Naughty Ride VIP" (2009) "Jaimie Fanatic & Kelevra - We Are All Kidz" (2009) w/ Mike Balance "Doc Trashz - The Battle" (2009) "Sporty-O - Motion" (2010) "Dirty Talk - P.O.T." (2011) w/ FS Tracks released as Breakdown MC Flipside "What It's About" (Breakdown Remix) (PBR) Breakdown feat. Whisky Pete & Julz "Play With It" (PBR) Oh Snap & Jen Lasher- "So Dynamite" (Breakdown Remix) Jamie Fanatic "Double Dutch Buzz" (Breakdown Remix) Breakdown "Break The System" w/ Mightyfools Remix (Illeven:Eleven) Breakdown "Team Axel" w/ Will Bailey Remix (Promo) DJ Kue "Lover's Break" (Breakdown Remix) (InStereo) Breakdown "Do What I Want" (Illeven Eleven) Robb G "Heavy" (Breakdown Remix) (Promo) DJ Kue "Dont Get High" (Breakdown Remix) Harley Schoolkid "From Paris With Love" (Breakdown Remix) (DUG ) Effekt "Abuser" (Breakdown's Wonkyshizzle Remix) (DUG) Cybersutra "Dope" (Breakdown Remix) (Shush) Krafty Kuts "The Bass Phenomenon" (Breakdown Remix) (Against The Grain/Supercharged) References External links Official SoundCloud Exclusive Interview with DJ Reid Speed [ DJ Reid Speed bio on allmusic.com] Interview in Lunar' Magazine ≤ Year of birth missing (living people) Living people American electronic musicians Breakbeat musicians Club DJs Women DJs Participants in American reality television series Remixers American women record producers

5393400

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayward%20Morse

Hayward Morse

Hayward Morse is a British stage and voice actor born in 1947. His career began on CBC television and with numerous stage performances in Canada and the United States. He made his USA television debut in 1959 with Ingrid Bergman in the film The Turn of the Screw. This was the first teleplay to be broadcast in color on the NBC network. Background Morse is the son of actors Barry Morse and Sydney Sturgess and brother of Melanie Morse MacQuarrie. He received a scholarship at the age of 16 to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London, receiving the 'Silver Medal' award upon graduation. Career He made his London West End debut in the original production of Joe Orton's What The Butler Saw at the Queen's Theatre in 1969 with Ralph Richardson, Stanley Baxter and Coral Browne. He received a Best Supporting Actor Antoinette Perry 'Tony' award nomination for his performance in Simon Gray's Butley on Broadway, starred in the first stage production of The Rocky Horror Show, the Bristol Old Vic production of Oscar Wilde's Lady Windermere's Fan, and has appeared in many of William Shakespeare's plays internationally. Other stage roles include 'Hercule Poirot' in Alibi, the dual roles of 'Aunt' and 'Nephew' in Travels With My Aunt, Sleuth and I Ought to be in Pictures. Morse appeared as 'Bosie' in the North American premiere of Bernard and Bosie: A Most Unlikely Friendship by Anthony Wynn alongside his father, Barry Morse. A voice artist, Hayward Morse has recorded hundreds of audio books, including the works of Edgar Allan Poe, Harold Robbins, Bernard Cornwell, Jackie Collins, Arthur C. Clarke, and Mickey Spillane. References External links Website of Hayward Morse Website of Sydney Sturgess Website of Melanie Morse Official Website of Barry Morse Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Male actors from London English male stage actors English male voice actors

5393405

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20von%20Fischer

Samuel von Fischer

Samuel Fischer, later Samuel von Fischer (24 December 1859 – 15 October 1934), was a Hungarian-born German publisher, the founder of S. Fischer Verlag. Fischer was born in Liptau-Sankt-Nikolaus/Liptószentmiklós (now Liptovský Mikuláš), Liptau/Liptó megye, northern Hungary. Biography He was trained as a bookseller in Vienna and moved to Berlin shortly afterwards. In Berlin, he joined the bookseller and publisher Hugo Steinitz. Fischer took on increasing responsibility for new publishing endeavours and managed to launch his own firm in 1886, the S. Fischer, Verlag. The Fischer publishing house first became known by introducing the works of Ibsen to German stages and by supporting the naturalist circle in Berlin. Samuel Fischer founded the theatre society Freie Bühne with Otto Brahm to avoid censorship. He died in Berlin, Germany. His granddaughter was the actress Gisela Fischer. See also S. Fischer Verlag References Judentum-projekt.de External links 1859 births 1934 deaths People from Liptovský Mikuláš Hungarian Jews Austro-Hungarian emigrants to Germany German people of Hungarian-Jewish descent German people of Slovak-Jewish descent 19th-century German people 20th-century German people 19th-century Austrian people 20th-century Austrian people 19th-century Hungarian people 20th-century Hungarian people 19th-century publishers (people) 20th-century publishers (people) German publishers (people) Austrian publishers (people) Hungarian publishers (people) Businesspeople from Berlin Austrian magazine founders

5393426

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangman

Hangman

Hangman may refer to: Executioner who carries out a death sentence by hanging Hangman (game), a game of guessing a word or phrase one letter at a time Arts and entertainment Comics Hangman (DC Comics), an enemy of Batman Hangman (Marvel Comics), the name of a couple of different characters in the Marvel Universe Hangman (Archie Comics), a number of Archie Comics superheroes Hangman Comics, a Golden Age MLJ/Archie Comics imprint comics title featuring the Hangman Films The Hangman (1928 film), a German silent film The Hangman (1959 film), an American Western directed by Michael Curtiz Hangman, a 2001 television film featuring Mädchen Amick and Lou Diamond Phillips The Hangman (2005 film), an Indian film starring Om Puri and Shreyas Talpade Hangman (2015 film), a British found-footage film starring Jeremy Sisto Hangman (2017 film), an American crime thriller film starring Al Pacino Literature "The Hangman" (poem), a 1954 children's poem by Maurice Ogden, and a 1964 animated short based on the poem Hangman, a 2000 novel by Michael Slade "Hangman", a short story by David Drake in his 1979 collection Hammer's Slammers Songs "Hangman", by Black Stone Cherry from Kentucky, 2016 "Hangman", by Chapman Whitney from Chapman Whitney Streetwalkers, 1974 "Hangman", by Dave, 2018 "Hangman", by Krokus from Hellraiser, 2006 "The Maid Freed from the Gallows", a folk song sometimes given the title "Hangman" Other Hangman (video game), a 1978 game for the Atari 2600 based on the guessing game The Hangman (roller coaster), a 1990s roller coaster at Opryland USA in Nashville, Tennessee Hangman Books, a British independent small press, and associated film and record projects Places Hangman cliffs, on the north coast of Devon, England Hangman Island, in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, US Hangman Creek, or Latah Creek, in Washington and Idaho, US Hangman Creek, a tributary of the White Salmon River via Gilmer Creek; see List of rivers of Washington (state) People Nickname Henry Hawley ("Hangman Hawley") (c. 1679–1759), British Army lieutenant general Reinhard Heydrich (1904–1942), German Nazi, one of the main architects of the Holocaust Ring name Hangman Hughes (born 1974), Canadian professional wrestler Bobby Jaggers (1948–2012), American professional wrestler Gene LeBell (born 1932), American martial artist, professional wrestler, stunt performer, and actor Adam Page (born 1991), American professional wrestler See also Hangmen (disambiguation) Hang (disambiguation) Hanging tree (disambiguation) The Hanged Man (disambiguation) Hanging man (candlestick pattern), a type of pattern on a market pricing graph Lists of people by nickname

5393433

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satakunta%20University%20of%20Applied%20Sciences

Satakunta University of Applied Sciences

Satakunta University of Applied Sciences (SAMK) () is a university of applied sciences in the Satakunta region of Finland. The university is headquartered in Pori and offers additional instruction in Huittinen, Kankaanpää and Rauma. The number of students is 6,000 and the staff about 400. Faculties The faculties implement education, R&D activities, and business operations. Health and Welfare Health and Welfare faculty offers bachelor's and master's degree level education in Social and Health Services and Fine Arts. The faculty was the first to begin offering the Human Ageing and Elderly Services degree and also offers the only English-language Physiotherapy degree in the Nordic countries. The faculty is responsible for developing the aging services specialization, has strong expertise in accessibility and runs the learning centre Soteekki. Service Business This faculty is in charge of e.g. Tourism and Business related degrees: Economy and Financing, Sales and Marketing, Entrepreneurship, Business Law, Public Administration, Management and Digital Expertise. Of the emerging fields highlighted in the SAMK strategy, Tourism Business belongs in this faculty. With regard to tourism, special focus is placed on nature tourism and the development of local tourism. Logistics and Maritime Technology The Logistics and Maritime Technology faculty focuses on international business, logistics and maritime management. Of the areas of strength listed in the SAMK strategy, this faculty is in charge of maritime management and the emerging field of multi-disciplinary logistics. The faculty participates in, for example, co-operative projects for the development of maritime education in Namibia. Technology The Technology faculty is in charge of a majority of the Engineering degrees that SAMK offers. Of the areas highlighted in the SAMK strategy, Automation, Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, and Smart Water and Environmental Technology are this faculty's specialties. Notable laboratories and learning environments include e.g. the telecommunications NGN lab, solar power lab and simulation environments. The water institute Wander is also a part of the faculty. Degrees in English Bachelor's Degrees • Industrial Management, Bachelor of Engineering • Logistics, Bachelor of Engineering • Physiotherapy, Bachelor of Health Care • International Business, Bachelor of Business Administration • International Tourism Development, Bachelor of Hospitality Management • Nursing, Bachelor of Health Care • Sea Captain, Bachelor of Marine Technology The duration of bachelor's degree Programmes is 210 or 240 ECTS credits, and their completion time usually takes from 3.5 to 4.5 years. Master's Degrees • Business Management and Entrepreneurship, Master of Business Administration • Maritime Management, Master of Marine Technology or Master of Engineering • Rehabilitation Master of Health Care or Master of Social Services • Welfare Technology, Master of Engineering or Master of Health Care The scope of the studies is 60–90 credits. The degree can be completed while working in about 1.5–2.5 years. References External links Satakunta University of Applied Sciences website Organisation of Satakunta University of Applied Sciences Satakunta University of Applied Sciences in Youtube Theses and publications Education in Satakunta Universities and colleges in Finland 1997 establishments in Finland

5393462

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frangible%20bullet

Frangible bullet

Frangible bullets are intended to disintegrate into tiny particles upon target impact to minimize their penetration of other objects. Small particles are slowed more rapidly by air resistance, and are less likely to cause injury or damage to persons and objects distant from the point of bullet impact. Most frangible bullets are subject to brittle failure upon striking a hard target. This mechanism has been used to minimize the tendency of malleable lead and copper bullets to ricochet from hard targets as large, cohesive particles. Brittle failure may occur at subsonic velocity. Attempting to crimp a brittle frangible bullet into the cartridge case may break the bullet. Brittle frangible bullets may break during the self-loading cycle of semi-automatic firearms; and those fired from revolvers often break as the bullet encounters the barrel forcing cone after leaving the cylinder. Manufacturing Powder metallurgy techniques fabricate bullets from mixtures of powdered metals (typically tin, copper, zinc, and/or tungsten) compressed at room temperature to produce a high-density material. Mechanical interlocking and cold welding bond the metals together either pressed directly to shape, or into bar stock billets that can be swaged into projectiles, with or without jacketing. Alternative manufacturing techniques include heat treating or sintering powdered metals at temperatures below the melting point, or binding the powdered metal with an adhesive or polymer in an injection moulding. Target damage The mechanism of bullet disintegration varies with the energy transfer at the time of impact. With sufficient velocity, bullets may be vaporized upon impact. Few firearms can propel bullets at sufficient velocity to cause reliable vaporization at the target, and air resistance causes bullet velocity to decrease with increasing distance from the firing point; so frangible bullets typically rely upon other mechanisms for disintegration at lower velocities. Target characteristics are an important aspect of interaction with the bullet. Energy available to initiate the disintegration mechanism is limited by the rate at which the target slows the bullet; so bullets may pass through flexible, fragile or low-density materials without slowing the bullet enough to cause disintegration. Bullets must resist disintegration during handling, loading, and firing to reliably hit the target; so high-velocity loads may require a non-frangible jacket to protect a frangible core from disintegration prior to target impact. The jacket may ricochet, but should have reduced range without the weight of the frangible core. Frangible hollow-point bullets may penetrate clothing, drywall, and light sheet metal; but often disintegrate upon striking glass. Hard targets may be damaged by frangible bullets. Extent of damage increases with velocity of bullet impact. Energy transfer at the point of impact may break brittle targets, and may temporarily soften and permanently deform malleable materials. Target crystalline structure may be changed to increase target damage by subsequent bullets. Steel targets designed to withstand rifle ammunition may be damaged by bullet velocities over per second; and lower velocity bullets may damage steel targets intended for pistol or rimfire ammunition. Frangible bullets striking animal targets create wounds similar to conventional bullets. Some penetrate soft tissue similar to full metal jacket bullets. Some may disintegrate upon striking bone. Hunting bullets include a frangible core designed to disintegrate when a protective jacket is opened by softer tissue or fluid. Frangible bullets disintegrating in flesh cause very serious wounds with persistent effects. Frangible bullets may represent an unconventional threat to personal armor intended to resist traditional lead bullets. At the request of the National Institute of Justice, staff of the Office of Law Enforcement Standards, located at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, has conducted a limited series of tests evaluating the performance of frangible ammunition against body armor. This preliminary study was designed to attempt to establish the validity of claims that these types of rounds pose a potential safety threat to personal body armor. The true scope and relevance of this threat was not known as of November 2002. Uses Frangible bullets offer improved safety for specialized combat simulation training, which involves one or more shooters engaging multiple steel targets from various directions while moving through a 360 degree range, due to the decreased risk of ricochet, overpenetration, as well as decreasing lead exposure. Frangible bullets are also used in reduced ricochet, limited penetration (RRLP) loads intended to reduce risk to friendly forces and innocent persons during close quarters military or police actions in urban areas, aboard ships or aircraft, or in hazardous material environments like oil platforms and chemical or nuclear plants. History Injuries from lead bullet fragments ricocheting off metal targets at 20th-century amusement park shooting galleries encouraged development of frangible bullets in specialized .22 Short gallery loads including Peters Krumble Ball, Remington Spatter-Less, Western Kant-Splash, and Winchester Spatterpruf. The United States used frangible lead/Bakelite M22 bullets in aircraft .30 caliber machine guns for target practice at armored RP-63 manned target aircraft. The lower density M22 bullets were of the same shape as conventional M2 bullets for reliable function through self-loading machine guns, but weighed only in comparison to for the M2 bullets. In the early 21st-century, the United States military began using frangible bullets to reduce ricochet risk during small arms training. These bullets use nylon as a binding agent for a core of powdered copper and tungsten contained within a gilding metal jacket. References Bullets

5393466

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimshot%20%28broadcasting%29

Rimshot (broadcasting)

In radio and television broadcasting a rimshot is a station that attempts to reach a larger media market from a distant suburban, exurban, or even rural location. The term is primarily used with FM stations, and mainly in North America. The name derives not from the sound of a rimshot in music, but rather from basketball, where the ball hits the rim of the basket, and may or may not go in. Rimshot stations are often at a disadvantage compared to higher-strength signals in a market. Many rimshot operators attempt to serve the larger market with a signal that has deficiencies in the intended listening area, especially on the far side from where it is transmitted. Many (if not most) rimshot stations are "move-ins", having moved to about halfway between their city of license (which they are legally required to cover and serve) and the metro area which they actually care about. In this manner, the broadcast range of the station ideally covers both. Although stations have traditionally been required to keep their main studio in their community of license, this has become less and less meaningful as more and more have been granted waivers to consolidate radio studios at a single location due to concentration of media ownership. In the U.S., it was FCC MM docket 80-90 that allowed FM stations to have closer spacing, thereby allowing move-ins, and some new stations as well. This has generally been allowed, especially when it makes room for additional stations in outlying areas. In these cases, the table of allotments is amended in a rulemaking proceeding, although this is not always a requirement to move a station in most cases, depending on each particular situation. On an international level, stations which attempt to serve another country are called "border blasters". These are primarily Mexican AM stations operating at very high power on clear channels to reach the American Southwest and beyond via skywave at night. In Canada, the CRTC restricts most same-market duopolies in television to channels broadcasting in different languages. Hence, English-language duopolies in major Canadian markets have involved stations licensed to rimshot major cities or serve different portions of a larger metropolitan area (such as Victoria and Chilliwack for Vancouver, Hamilton and Barrie for Toronto, Pembroke for Ottawa and Sherbrooke for Montreal). References Television terminology Radio broadcasting Broadcast law

5393475

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis%20McGriff

Curtis McGriff

Curtis McGriff (born May 17, 1958) is a former American football defensive lineman in the National Football League for the New York Giants and the Washington Redskins. Early life McGriff grew up in rural Houston County, Alabama in the southeastern corner of the state. He attended and played football at Cottonwood High School in Cottonwood, Alabama graduating in 1976. He played college football at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama for the legendary coach Paul "Bear" Bryant from 1976 to 1979. McGriff was an interior defensive lineman for the 1978 squad that defeated Penn State in the famous “goal line stand” Sugar Bowl. He was also part of the 1979 team that repeated as undisputed national champions, punctuated by a win over Arkansas in the Sugar Bowl. Professional career McGriff entered the NFL and signed with the New York Giants in 1980 as a defensive lineman. He made the NFL's all-rookie team that year and was a member of the Giants' 1986-1987 Super Bowl Championship team. McGriff was primarily used as a defensive tackle and rotated into the game on downs when a running play was anticipated (McGriff would be rotated out of the game and a pass-rush specialist would be brought into the game on passing downs.) He played his final season (1987) with the Washington Redskins. After football Formerly, McGriff lived in Hackensack, New Jersey in the New York metropolitan area. He was often seen at charity event such as Kidney Benefits with close friend and fellow Alabama player, Don McNeal, who played cornerback for the Miami Dolphins from 1980–1989. On May 15, 2005, McGriff married his longtime girlfriend Maurie Morris. He taught at a correctional school in Lodi, New Jersey. Mr. McGriff now lives in Dothan, Alabama. References 1958 births Living people New York Giants players Washington Redskins players Alabama Crimson Tide football players African-American players of American football Players of American football from Alabama People from Houston County, Alabama People from Donalsonville, Georgia 21st-century African-American people 20th-century African-American sportspeople 20th-century African-American men 21st-century African-American men

5393483

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minka

Minka

are vernacular houses constructed in any one of several traditional Japanese building styles. In the context of the four divisions of society, were the dwellings of farmers, artisans, and merchants (i.e., the three non-samurai castes). This connotation no longer exists in the modern Japanese language, and any traditional Japanese-style residence of appropriate age could be referred to as . are characterized by their basic structure, their roof structure, and their roof shape. developed through history with distinctive styles emerging in the Edo period. Types The term literally means houses of the people. It covers houses that accommodated a wide variety of people from farmers to village headmen, merchants and low level samurai. come in a wide range of styles and sizes, largely as a result of differing geographic and climatic conditions as well as the lifestyle of the inhabitants. They generally fall into one of four classifications: farmhouses town houses , fishermen's dwellings and mountain dwellings . Unlike other forms of Japanese architecture (such as those of the style), it is the structure rather than the plan that is of primary importance to the . are divided up with primary posts that form the basic framework and bear the structural load of the building; secondary posts are arranged to suit the functional arrangements of the plan. Despite the wide variety of , there are eight basic forms: The 'inverted U' consists of two vertical posts fixed at the top with a horizontal beam; these units can then be joined with side girders. The beam can be fixed to the top of the post either by resting upon it or via a mortise and tenon joint. This latter method is often found in on the island of Shikoku. The 'ladder' has post and beam units connected with larger beams including beams that are closer to the foundation level. This form of structure originated in townhouses of the Edo period. The system allows the irregular placement of posts and, therefore, allows flexibility in the plan. With the 'umbrella' style, four beams radiate out from a central post. These posts sit at the centre of the square rather than the corners. of this type are often found in Shiga Prefecture. The 'cross' has two beams at right angles to one another with the posts in the centre of the sides. It is often used for very small that have no other posts erected in the space or for large in the earth-floored area. The style is most often found in Shiga and Fukui prefectures. 'Parallel crosses' are found in Shizuoka Prefecture and cover an area 5 metres by 10 metres. This system doubles up the 'cross' structure with two crosses and eight posts. The 'box' structure connects four or more post and beam units to create a box-like structure. It was devised in the Edo period and can be found in Toyama and Ishikawa prefectures. The 'interconnected box' can be found in Kyoto and Osaka. 'Rising beams' is a form that enables better use of the second storey. It uses beams that rise from the posts to a secondary ridge that is below the one formed by the rafters. Thatched roof farmhouses based upon the 'rising beam' structure can be further classified into four major types. The and the are rare. The latter of these, the , is popular for houses. Far more common are the (also known as ) and the types. The style has rafters, crossbeams and short vertical posts to support the ridge. Historically, these posts would have extended to the ground resulting in a row of posts extending down the centre of the house and dividing it. Although these could be accommodated in the layout of the main house, they were impractical in the earth-floored entrance area—so they were omitted and a special beam structure used instead. This style was in wide use until the Edo period when a shift was made to the style (although both types had been used since historic times). The style is a simpler triangular shape with a pair of rafters joined at the top to support the ridge pole. The ends of these rafters were sharpened to fit into mortice holes at either end of crossbeam. As this system does not rely on central posts it leaves a more unobstructed plan than the style. Design of the floor plan There were two main methods for setting out the floor plan of the . The method uses a standard size of mat, whereas the method is based upon column spacing. The method works well for without central columns as the mats and the sliding partitions ( and ) can be based on a standard size. It was mainly used in in western Japan. The method has its disadvantages if used with posts because variations in post width can make the prefabrication of the sliding partitions difficult. The method is based upon the distance between centre of one post and centre of the post adjacent to it and it was mainly used on the eastern side of Japan. Overall construction The size, construction and decoration of a was dependent upon its location, climate, and social status of its owner. were influenced by local building techniques and were built with materials that were abundant in the immediate locality. For example, in Shizuoka used abundant bamboo for roofs, eaves, doors and floors. When miscanthus reeds were difficult to obtain for thatched roofs, shingles were used instead; in volcanic areas rushes or boards were used instead of clay for the walls. Climate had a bearing on construction: In Kyoto in the late Heian and Muromachi periods, roofs were clad in thin wooden shingles so owners would put stones on top to prevent the shingles from flying away in the wind. The social status of the owner was indicated by the size and complexity of the building. For thatched roof the number of crossed wooden members () or bundles of miscanthus reeds along the ridge are a good indicator of the importance of the owner's status in the village. For , the presence and elaborateness of an ()—a wall that projects above the roof line—has a similar status. The inherited the function of a fire break, but initially it was a method of establishing the extent of ownership in long terraces of row houses. During the evolution of , the townhouses gradually changed its construction away from perishable and flammable materials to those of a more durable nature. Thatched roofs were replaced with tiles and exposed timbers were covered up with layers of clay plastering. owned by people of a higher social status began to incorporate elements of the shoin style, particularly in living rooms. The types of elements incorporated were limited by sumptuary laws to preserve strict class distinctions. Roofing There are four types of roof shape that can be differentiated for . Most have gabled roofs, covered in shingles or tiles, and slanting down on either side of the house. The majority of have either thatched -style hipped roofs, which slant down on four sides, or the more elaborate roof with multiple gables and a combination of thatched sections and shingled sections. Finally, the also slopes in four directions but is more pyramidal in shape. The primary purpose of shaping roofs was to accommodate the extensive precipitation experienced in many parts of Japan. A steeply peaked roof allows rain and snow to fall straight off, preventing water from getting through the roof into the home and, to a lesser extent, preventing the thatch from getting too wet and beginning to rot. At the peak and other places where roof sections came together decorations were added. Thatched roofs would have trimmed or transverse layers of straw, bamboo poles or planks of wood. Tiled roofs have a variety of decorative plates to the ends of the ridge, for example, (fish). They also had circular plates to the ends of the tiles at the eaves called that helped to deflect rain. Farmhouse interior The deep eaves of the farmhouse roof helped to protect the interior from driving rain. They stop the sun from entering the interior during the summer, and they allow the low rays of sun to warm the house during the winter. Often there is a timber-floored veranda () around the house under the eaves and protected on the outside by storm shutters. In areas where there is heavy snow there may be a lowered earth-floored area outside the veranda further protected by shutters which helps to stop snow from blowing inside. The interior of a was generally divided into two sections: a floor of compacted earth, called a (the precursor to a Genkan) and a raised floor (generally around 20 inches (50 cm) above the level of the ), called a , and, in larger, richer houses, an area or set of rooms covered in tatami or mats, called a . Large farmhouses sometimes had a raised, timber-floored internal veranda () that separated the and the areas. In older houses, like the 17th century Yoshimura house, this separating zone was up to 2.5 m wide and servants apparently slept there. The raised floor often included a built-in hearth, called an . Above the ash-filled hearth would hang a kettle suspended from the ceiling by an adjustable hearth hook made of wood, metal and bamboo. This could be raised or lowered depending on the amount of heat required and was often shaped into decorative fish or blade shapes. There was no chimney in the farmhouse and the smoke from the irori would rise through the roof drying the reeds and deterring insects. The was the centre of communication for the house where the family gathered to chat and eat, and it was a cozy place around which to sleep. Though there were many possible arrangements of the rooms in a home, one of the most common, called , comprised four rooms in the raised floor portion of the house, adjacent to the . The arrangement and size of these rooms was made more flexible with the use of sliding fusuma and shōji partitions. The social status of the owner of house governed the conventions of their social relationships in the house. For example, the lowliest ranked people would sit on the earth floor whilst those above them would sit on the and those above them on the floored inner rooms. Honoured guests would sit next with their back to the . The requirements for social etiquette extended to the family and there were particular seating positions () positioned around the hearth. Typical Edo period farmhouses A number of styles of farmhouses came to maturity during the Edo period; some typical examples follow. Gasshou The -style have vast roofs that are a large form of the structural system. Their name derives from the similarity of the roof shape to two hands in prayer. They are frequently found in Gifu Prefecture. The upper floors of the two- and three-story houses are used for sericulture, with storage space for trays of silkworms and mulberry leaves. Honmune literally means "true ridge": The style has a nearly square plan with a gabled roof that is board covered. The gable end of the house is particularly impressive with its composition of beams, eaves and braces. The gable is topped by a birdlike ornament called a . Houses of this type can be found in Gunma, Nara, Yamaguchi and Kouchi prefectures. Preservation are generally treated as historic landmarks, and many have been designated for preservation by municipalities or the national government. The tremendous regional variation of has also been preserved in open-air museums such as Nihon Minka-en in Kawasaki, where examples from around Japan are on display. Minka have also been used as hotels and restaurants to be preserved. Of particular note is the , which is preserved in two villages in central Japan — Shirakawa in Gifu Prefecture and Gokayama in Toyama Prefecture — that together have been designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. In 1997, the Japan Minka Reuse and Recycle Association (JMRA) was established to promote the benefits and conservation of . One that belonged to the Yonezu family was acquired by the JMRA and donated to Kew Gardens as part of the Japan 2001 Festival. The wooden structure was dismantled, shipped and re-assembled in Kew with new walls and a thatched roof. See also Historic Villages of Shirakawa-gō and Gokayama Nihon Minka-en A-frame house Machiya Footnotes References Japan Live. (2020). Komika. 2nd ed. Further reading Suzuki Mitsuru (1985). "Minka." Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. Tokyo: Kodansha Ltd. Taro Sakamoto, et al. (1964). Fuzoku jiten (A Dictionary of Popular Culture). Tokyo: KK Tokyodō External links The Herbert Offen Research Collection of the Phillips Library at the Peabody Essex Museum Definition of Minka at JAANUS Architecture of Japan Japanese home Timber framed buildings Vernacular architecture Thatched buildings

5393495

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Skeleton%20Key%20to%20Finnegans%20Wake

A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake

A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake is a 1944 work of literary criticism by mythologist Joseph Campbell and Henry Morton Robinson. The work gives both a general critical overview of Finnegans Wake and a detailed exegetical outline of the text. According to Campbell and Robinson, Finnegans Wake is best interpreted in light of Giambattista Vico's philosophy, which holds that history proceeds in cycles and fails to achieve meaningful progress over time. Campbell and Robinson began their analysis of Joyce's work because they had recognized in The Skin of Our Teeth (1942), the popular play by Thornton Wilder, an appropriation from Joyce's novel not only of themes but of plot and language as well. They published a pair of reviews-cum-denunciations of Skin of Our Teeth, both entitled "The Skin of Whose Teeth?" in The Saturday Review. References Sources Further reading 1944 non-fiction books Books by Joseph Campbell Collaborative non-fiction books English-language books Works about Finnegans Wake Books of literary criticism

5393499

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Camfield

Bill Camfield

William Joseph Camfield (June 27, 1929 – September 30, 1991) was a popular television personality in Fort Worth, Texas, in the 1950s and 1960s. He is best known as Icky Twerp, host of the kids’ show Slam Bang Theatre, and Gorgon, host of the horror film series Nightmare. Early life Camfield was born in Mineral Wells, Texas, the son of a coal miner, Joseph E. Johnston Camfield. Following his father's death in 1935, Camfield and his mother moved to Fort Worth. Camfield graduated from Carter Riverside High School in 1947, and in 1948 went to work as a copy writer for the ad department of Leonard's Department Store. Two years later, the store asked Camfield to write a locally produced television show, “Hometown Harmony.” As he had some performing experience (having appeared in Christmas stage shows with Paul Jung, the famed Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Circus clown), Camfield also starred in the show. Following the show's success, the store promoted him to Radio-TV Director, in which capacity he produced and starred in several shows over the next five years, including “Let’s Go Shopping,” “Man about Music,” “Billboard,” and “Meet the Candidate.” Career In 1954, Camfield went to work for the newly created independent television station in Fort Worth, KFJZ-TV Channel 11 (now KTVT), writing advertising copy, creating original programming, and often acting in the programs and commercials he created. For instance, he provided the voice for Hoover the Movie Hound, the puppet co-host of "Million Dollar Matinee," and portrayed Mortimer Moolah on a long-running series of commercials for Texas Consumer Finance. During this time, he also married and started a family, and attended Texas Christian University on a writing scholarship. He graduated from TCU with an English degree in 1957. In 1957, KFJZ purchased the SHOCK horror film package from Screen Gems and began airing these films (primarily Universal Horror classics) on Saturday nights. Camfield portrayed the host of the show, Gorgon, an eerie, black-caped character with a sinister laugh. The show was an immediate hit, receiving national attention in magazines such as Life, Saturday Evening Post, TV Guide, and Famous Monsters of Filmland. In 1959, the show went on hiatus, except for annual Halloween specials. In 1962, it was again broadcast on a weekly basis and remained on the air until 1964. Later, in 1972 and 1976, the show was revived for two Halloween specials. Camfield's other popular character was Icky Twerp (shortened from "Ichamore Twerpwhistle"), host of Slam-Bang Theatre, a morning, before-school kids’ show which presented cartoons and Three Stooges comedies. Icky Twerp was a goofy character in horn-rimmed glasses, striped suit, tousled hair, and an undersized cowboy hat who performed in slapstick skits with two sidekicks in ape masks, Ajax and Delphinium. (A third ape, Arkadelphia, was added later.) The character acquired legendary status in the Dallas-Fort Worth area, and is fondly remembered by his many now grown-up fans, including actor/director Bill Paxton (who used Slam-Bang Theatre footage in his film Frailty, a murder mystery set in 1960s Fort Worth) and underground comics artists Mack White and Gary Panter'. In 1965, the Three Stooges invited Camfield, along with several other kids’ show hosts from across the country, to act in their final feature film The Outlaws Is Coming (1965), playing the role of Wyatt Earp. Camfield's Icky Twerp character continued to be regularly seen on Channel 11 until 1972, after which he left Fort Worth to work as promotions director for a television station in Denver, Colorado. Later, he returned to the Dallas-Fort Worth area to work in sales for KDAF-TV Channel 33. In 1985, he revived the Icky Twerp character on a KDAF show called Icky Twerp's Summer Reunion. With his son, Paul, Camfield performed new skits which were interlaced with summer-themed movies. In 1989, KDAF-TV produced a Slam Bang Theater 30th Anniversary special. Hosted by legendary Dallas-Fort Worth radio and television personality Ron Chapman, the show was taped before a live audience at the Comedy Corporation in Arlington and included clips from his 30-year career. In addition, the Governor of Texas and the State Legislature passed a proclamation declaring "Icky Twerp Day." During this time, Camfield also wrote a column about growing up in Mineral Wells for the Mineral Wells Index and for the Fort Worth Star-Telegram's StarText computer service. Death In 1991, Camfield died of brain cancer at his Fort Worth home. After his death, his family established a scholarship for humor and satire in his name at Texas Christian University. His son, Paul, maintains a website in his memory, the Official Icky Twerp Website, which features biographical information, as well as photographs and ephemera from his father's archives; he also makes videotapes of his father's shows available to fans. In 2001, the Dallas Video Festival posthumously awarded Camfield the Ernie Kovacs Award for “slapstick genius.” External links (Official Website via Internet Archive) Slam Bang Theatre Starring Icky Twerp with Ajax and Delphinium (Fan Site and Memorial Message Board via Internet Archive) "Texas TV Terror," TV Kid Magazine "The Real Icky Twerp Was Neither," TCU Magazine, Fall 2005 E-Gor's Chamber of TV Horror Hosts "Tragedy hit hard for host of kids' TV show 'Slam Bang Theater'", The Dallas Morning News, Jacquielynn Floyd, 2009-08-23 The Bill Camfield Collection, Texas Archive of the Moving Image. "The Professor's SF & Horror Host Tome" - Gorgan The Gruesome: Nightmare. [https://www.facebook.com/bradleybeardartist/photos/705020259610160 "Facebook - Bradley Beard's portrait of Bill Camfield as "Gorgan The Gruesome"} References 1929 births 1991 deaths People from Mineral Wells, Texas Horror hosts American male television actors American male comedians Texas Christian University alumni Male actors from Fort Worth, Texas 20th-century American male actors Comedians from Texas 20th-century American comedians Television personalities from Texas

5393505

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prado%20del%20Rey

Prado del Rey

Prado del Rey is a city located in the province of Cádiz, Spain. According to the 2005 census, the city has a population of 5,968 inhabitants. History Human remains have been found dating back to the Paleolithic but the first mention in ancient sources of activity in the area described what was in the Roman city of Iptuci, cited by Pliny as a "Civitas" capable of minting its own currency. From this period are preserved wall paintings, ramparts, the Memorial stone on the facade of the Church, and a copper plate detailing a treaty between the Roman colony Ucubi (Córdoba) and the municipality Iptuci. Prado del Rey was later part of the border with the Nasrid kingdom of Granada (this border was very unstable) and the control of this city frequently changed hands. In the township, has found a unique exhibit of Christian weaponry, whose style was imposed on Al-Andalus in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, coexisting with other weapons of Muslim tradition. The sword, double edged, is adorned with a solid spherical pommel topped by a button to fix the handle. The fist, divided into four sectors, home decoration engraved inscriptions. After a period of Arabic hegemony, it was conquered by Alfonso VII. It remained depopulated until Carlos III I refounded in the 18th century, with the plan of resettlement in southern Andalusia Assistant Sevilla D. Pablo de Olavide and divided his land from 189 settlers from the Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park and Ronda. Demographics References External links Prado del Rey - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía Municipalities of the Province of Cádiz

5393507

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden%20Hauptbahnhof

Dresden Hauptbahnhof

Dresden Hauptbahnhof ("main station", abbreviated Dresden Hbf) is the largest passenger station in the Saxon capital of Dresden. In 1898, it replaced the Böhmischen Bahnhof ("Bohemian station") of the former Saxon-Bohemian State Railway (Sächsisch-Böhmische Staatseisenbahn), and was designed with its formal layout as the central station of the city. The combination of a station building on an island between the tracks and a terminal station on two different levels is unique. The building is notable for its train-sheds, which are roofed with Teflon-coated glass fibre membranes. This translucent roof design, installed during the comprehensive restoration of the station at the beginning of the 21st century, allows more daylight to reach the concourses than was previously possible. The station is connected by the Dresden railway node to the tracks of the Děčín–Dresden-Neustadt railway and the Dresden–Werdau railway (Saxon-Franconian trunk line), allowing traffic to run to the southeast towards Prague, Vienna and on to south-eastern Europe or to the southwest towards Chemnitz and Nuremberg. The connection of the routes to the north (Berlin), northwest (Leipzig) and east (Görlitz) does not take place at the station, but north of Dresden-Neustadt station (at least for passenger trains). Location The station is located south of the Inner Old Town in the Seevorstadt and the district of Südvorstadtat reaches its southern edge. Next door to the station area is the Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Dresden (University of Applied Sciences). Federal highway 170 passes under the station area to the east of the station building, running north–south. Prager Straße, the inner-city shopping street, begins at Wiener Platz to the north. Road traffic on Wiener Platz was diverted in the 1990s to run through a road tunnel with connections to underground parking, and it is now a pedestrianised street. Several major buildings have been constructed in the area in the modern style and there is an excavation in Wiener Platz, which was dug a few years ago, but construction has been abandoned (2013). History In 1839, the Leipzig–Dresden Railway Company (Leipzig-Dresdner Eisenbahn-Compagnie) opened the first long-distance railway in Germany from Leipzig to its Dresden terminus, the Leipziger Bahnhof. In the following decades more railways were built, increasing the destinations that could be reached from Dresden. Each private company built its own station as the terminus of its lines. The Silesian Station (Schlesischer Bahnhof) was opened in 1847 as the terminus of the Görlitz–Dresden railway and the Bohemian station (Böhmische Bahnhof) was opened in 1848 on the line towards Bohemia. Seven years later, the Albert station (Albertbahnhof) was opened on the line towards Chemnitz and the Berliner station (Berliner Bahnhof) opened in 1875 on the line to Berlin. Between 1800 and 1900, the population of Dresden grew from 61,794 to 396,146. As a result, traffic grew enormously. The existing railway facilities proved to be inadequate to satisfy the increasing traffic as a result of rising mobility, population increase and industrialisation. In particular, the railway tracks of the poorly interconnected stations were not designed for through traffic and the many level crossings created major traffic problems. After the late 1880s, when all the railway infrastructure affecting the city had been nationalised, the Saxon government decided to carry out a fundamental reconstruction of the Dresden railway node under the leadership of the engineer Otto Klette. This would create a new central railway station, but there was no consensus on its location for a long time. After the Elbe flood of March 1845, the inspector of surveys, Karl Pressler suggested that the Weißeritz near Cotta should be relocated and that the existing riverbed could be used for a central station. This plan was taken up and the former riverbed was used for a connection line between Dresden's long-distance railway stations, but, instead of a central station, the planners foresaw a new main station in front of the former Bohemian station, as it was already the busiest station in Dresden and it was close to Prager Straße, which became the most important shopping street of Dresden in the last quarter of the 19th century. Böhmischer Bahnhof On 1 August 1848, the Saxon-Bohemian State Railway (Sächsisch-Böhmische Staatseisenbahn) opened the Bohemian station as the terminus of its line, which only extended to Pirna. It was initially only a barn-like half-timbered building spanning four tracks and it also had a makeshift locomotive depot, carriage sheds and workshops. The opening ceremony took place on 6 April 1851, coinciding with the extension of the line to Bodenbach (now Děčín). A year later the opening of the Marienbrücke (Maria Bridge) for road and rail traffic on 19 April 1852 allowed the operation of traffic through the Bohemian station to the Leipziger station and the Silesian Station on the Neustadt side of the Elbe. From 1861 to 1864, the passenger infrastructure was moved to the west, to make room for a new building. On 1 August 1864, a solid new entrance building replaced the previous provisional building Four 184 metre long wings, which were designed by Karl Moritz Haenel and Carl Adolph Canzler in the form of Italian Renaissance buildings, were annexed.The main platform could handle two trains simultaneous at first, but it was only 370 metres long. An additional 360-metre-long island platform was built between 1871 and 1872. This extension had become necessary because in 1869 the Bohemian station took over the passenger traffic of the Dresden–Werdau railway from the Albert Station, which was located about two kilometres to the northwest and subsequently only served coal traffic. In order to handle the traffic towards Chemnitz a new main station (Hauptbahnhof) was built in front of the Bohemian station. In addition, the new Hauptbahnhof would handle the passenger traffic of the Berliner station, which was also located in the Old Town (Altstädt) on the south side of the Elbe, but almost three kilometres to the northwest. Construction and opening The basic functional design of the station with the combination of a large terminal hall at a low level and two flanking through halls at a high level is considered to be the work of Claus Koepcke, a ministry of finance official, and Otto Klette. This functional framework was based on an architectural competition held in 1892 for the design of the new station. Dresden architects Ernst Giese and Paul Weidner and Leipzig architect Arwed Roßbach each won a first prize. The realised design incorporates elements of both drafts. Construction began in the same year, led by Ernst Giese and Paul Weidner. Railway operations continued at the Bohemian station while the south hall was opened to traffic on 18 June 1895. Subsequently, the Bohemian station was demolished and the construction of the central and northern halls started on its site. Until the completion of the entire building, the south hall served as the provisional station. The new building, which had six terminal platform tracks in the central hall, six through high-level tracks and other terminal tracks in the eastern precinct, met all the requirements for greatly expanded passenger operations. A roofed building with two elevated tracks was built for freight traffic between the south hall and Bismarckstraße (now Bayrischen Straße) to the south. The entrance building covered an area of approximately 4,500 square metres. The steel fabrication company, August Klönne supplied 17,000 tons of steel for the structure of the platform halls and the masonry consists of Elbe Sandstone. The cost of construction amounted to 18 million marks; corresponding to the equivalent of about €320 million. After more than five years of construction the whole building went into operation on 16 April 1898. At 2:08 AM the first train running as the 101 from Leipzig entered the newly opened Dresden Hauptbahnhof. As a result of the restructuring of the Dresden railway infrastructure that was carried out simultaneously, the station received better links with the lines to Leipzig, Berlin and Görlitz, which had previously been poorly connected. A new high-capacity, continuous four-track urban connecting line was opened through the new Wettiner Straße station (now Dresden Mitte station) for suburban traffic and the Maria Bridge to Dresden-Neustadt station in 1901. It was connected by rail junctions to other stations, in particular to Dresden-Friedrichstadt station. Although it was built in the heyday of luxury trains, it was almost unaffected by this phenomenon with only one branch of the Balkanzug (Balkan train) serving Dresden between 1916 and 1918. Early conversions and extensions The builders of the station assumed that the new facilities would provide sufficient capacity for many decades. In fact, the volume of traffic developed more rapidly than assumed as indicated in the table below. Since the rapid increase in traffic could barely be handled, the first expansion of facilities was planned prior to the start of the First World War. In 1914, the Saxon Parliament approved funds for the expansion, but the beginning of the war prevented its realisation. The extension could not be started until the late 1920s. One obstacle to operations until then was that it was difficult to reach the terminal tracks in the eastern precinct. As a remedy, a new through track was built through the north hall between platforms 10 and 11, replacing a luggage platform. This would henceforth be used for the passage of additional trains to the eastern precinct and for the passage of unattached locomotives and freight traffic. To take advantage of the sharp rise in through passenger traffic, the covered side hall next to the south hall was demolished, so that the two freight train tracks could be moved on to an outer track on a new concrete structure over the pavement and the released space could be used for an island platform. The signal box equipment was modernised at that time. New electromechanical systems replaced the mechanical systems and a new command signal box tower was built on the Hohe Brücke (bridge) that at that time carried an extension of Hohe Straße over the station's western track field. The architecture of the station was also transformed. Numerous decorations and structures were replaced by modern plain surfaces. During the Third Reich In the 1930s, Deutsche Reichsbahn built a high-speed rail network. It operated high-speed diesel multiple units on routes between Berlin and Hamburg, Berlin and Cologne and Berlin and Frankfurt among other cities. However, the connection from Dresden to Berlin was served by a high-speed steam-hauled train, the Henschel-Wegmann Train. From 1936 until the outbreak of war in 1939, the journey time from Dresden to the Anhalter Bahnhof was about 100 minutes. In the late 1930s, the Nazi Party planned to reconstruct the city with the intention of glorifying the Third Reich on an enormous scale. A new central train station to be built at Wettiner Straße station would have been 300 metres wide and 200 metres long. In addition, an oversized station courtyard and spacious streets were intended to create spaces for rallies and marches. With the outbreak of the Second World War, however, these plans lapsed. During the Second World War, the station had only minor importance for the dispatch of troop and prisoner transports, though Dresden was a garrison town. However, it connected the Saxon railway network with Bohemia and formed a bottleneck as a result. At the beginning of the war, Dresden hardly seemed threatened by air raids, so initially insufficient preparations were made and later additional preparations were no longer possible. The air raid shelters of the central station could accommodate about 2,000 people, but they lacked airlocks and ventilation systems. This had serious consequences: during the great air raid on the night of 13 and 14 February 1945 the station burned down, and the entrance to the luggage store was set alight; as a result 100 people were burned to death and another 500 people suffocated in the air raid shelters. Subsequent air raids destroyed the railway tracks entirely. The station was made permanently inoperable during the eighth and final air raids on the city on 17 April 1945 by 580 USAAF bombers. The long reconstruction In spite of its severe war damage the station was one of the distinctive buildings in the central Dresden. The restoration of rail connections had to take precedence over the restoration of the historic building. So passenger services were restored to Bad Schandau by 17 May 1945. A temporary reconstruction began after the war and was completed in the same year. Some parts of the building, such as the concourses and the dome, were not immediately repaired and continued to deteriorate. At the same time a far-reaching reorganisation of the railway infrastructure was considered as the large-scale destruction of the city seemed to make it possible. Draft plans from 1946 show a turning loop south of the station, which would have allowed east–west traffic on the Chemnitz–Görlitz route to stop without a change of locomotives. In 1946 and 1947, several drafts of a new, generously-dimensioned central station replacing the Wettiner Straße station emerged. The former Hauptbahnhof would have been renamed Bahnhof Dresden Prager Straße and passenger services would have operated only through the north hall and from the east side. Initially a postal station was planned for the remaining area. This was abandoned in the draft of 1947; the south hall would now also be used for passenger operations, while the central hall would be used for any purpose. It is not absolutely certain why these plans ultimately did not proceed. Possible reasons were financial problems, material shortages, labour shortages and general planning uncertainty during a period of social and political changes. A planned new entrance building on Wiener Platz with an attached new administration building for the Reichsbahndirektion Railway division of Dresden was also not realised. The remaining structure was restored from 1950 in a similar but simpler form, due to economic difficulties and the shortage of skilled workers. The roof, which had previously been partially covered with glass, was temporarily covered with wood, board and slate. The station building itself was only partially restored. In particular, the buildings south of the main hall remained hollow ruins, although the outer walls implied a complete reconstruction. The intact steel construction of the dome over the main hall was also externally covered with wood and slate and a coffered ceiling was built inside it. The construction work was not largely completed until the early 1960s. One of the last measures was the modification of the clock towers on either side of the entrance portal to fit the “skeletal” facade. In the coming decades, the station's makeshift parking and traffic arrangements and its power lines shaped perceptions of it. East German times From the 1960s the station again became an important hub for long-distance services from Western Europe and Scandinavia to Southeastern Europe. The well-known services of this period were the Vindobona (Berlin–Vienna), the Hungaria (Berlin–Budapest) and the Meridian (Malmö–Bar). As part of the change in traction, trains hauled by electric locomotives reached Dresden from Freiberg for the first time in September 1966. A good ten years later–on 24 September 1977–the final steam-hauled service departed the station towards Berlin as the Dresden Express. Steam-hauled passenger trains were still seen running towards Upper Lusatia until the late 1980s. Since the headroom in the western part of the station area was insufficient, the Hohe Brücke (bridge) had to be demolished to permit the electrification of the railway lines. Within the city and the surrounding area, the Dresden S-Bahn has carried the majority of traffic to the station since 1973 and has operated as its central point. In 1978, the Dresden Hauptbahnhof was heritage-listed. On the night of 30 September and 1 October 1989, six so-called refugee trains were operated from Prague through Dresden station and the territory of the German Democratic Republic to West Germany. Two hours before the news spread to the West German media about these trips, a few quick and resolute citizens managed to jump on a train during transit. More East Germans were queuing in the West German embassy in Prague and so more trains were run. Therefore, on the following days, more and more disgruntled citizens collected at the station, amounting to about 20,000 people on the night of 4 and 5 October, according to the police. While the majority of the demonstrators and the security forces confronted each other that night in Lenin-Platz (now Wiener Platz), three of the expected trains from Prague passed on the southern tracks of the Hauptbahnhof but were hardly noticed. Due to the critical situation in Dresden, five additional special trains were diverted via Vojtanov and Bad Brambach to Plauen. Most demonstrators were peaceful, but there were also violent clashes between about 3,000 demonstrators and the Volkspolizei and property at the station was damaged. In the following days, peaceful demonstrations took place in Lenin-Platz and the adjacent Prager Straße, resulting in the beginning of a dialogue on state power at the local level with the establishment of the Group of 20 (Gruppe der 20) on the evening 8 October. With a combined 156 arrivals and departures of scheduled long-distance trains per day in the station in the summer 1989 timetable, it was the third most important node in the network of Deutsche Reichsbahn, after Berlin and Leipzig. After the political changes in the GDR Since the 1990s, Dresden has gradually become part of the Intercity network. From 1991, individual Intercity services ran via Leipzig and the Thuringian Railway to Frankfurt am Main and these service have run every two hours since 1992. The first pair of EuroCity services ran from Dresden to Paris-Est over the same route on 2 June 1991. That same year, InterRegio trains served Dresden for the first time. The 2048/2049 and 2044/2143 trains pairs ran between Cologne and Dresden. Later, other connections were added. In 1993, a north–south connection through Dresden was included in the EuroCity network and some of the eight EC trains that now run to Prague, Vienna and Budapest were introduced. On 25 September 1994, scheduled Intercity-Express (ICE) services operated for the first time to the station. The ICE Elbkurier ran in the evening on the line from the Zoo station in Berlin to Dresden in one hour and 58 minutes. In the morning there was a service in the opposite direction. The introduction of the ICE meant that construction work at the station had to be carried out in advance. Until the timetable change on 28 May 2000, a pair of trains ICE ran daily via Berlin to Dresden, then the hourly ICE line 50 service, which has continued to the present, was introduced from Dresden to Frankfurt via Leipzig, eliminating the connection via Berlin. Dresden station became the starting point of the central east–west connection in the German ICE network. This change caused changes in locomotive-hauled long-distance operations, since Dresden was now served almost exclusively in the north–south direction by Intercity (IC) and EuroCity (EC) trains. There were other related changes to the IC/EC network. So already the service, subsequently numbered EC/IC 27 (Prague–Dresden–Berlin), received a through connection to Hamburg in 1994 and in 2003 two pairs of trains continued to Vienna and a pair of trains continued to Aarhus in Denmark for the first time. ICE TD (class 605) services ran on the Saxon-Franconian trunk line to Nuremberg from 10 June 2001. These replaced InterRegio services that had been abandoned a year earlier. After the 2002 Elbe flood and the resulting disruption of the line between Chemnitz and Dresden, as well as problems with the tilting systems, Deutsche Bahn discontinued the operation of the trainsets from the summer of 2003. Instead services were operated with Intercity trains until the end of long-distance services in 2006. A suitcase bomb was discovered in the station by an explosive-detection dog on 6 June 2003. After the evacuation of the entire building, the police destroyed the suitcase bomb. The bomb consisted of a standard wheeled suitcase which contained an alarm clock, a pressure cooker, explosives and stones as well as an ignition device with fuse. According to experts, this bomb was capable of exploding. The fundamental renovation after 2000 The first restoration work took place in the 1990s. The bridges over federal highway 170 were renovated and the eastern building was given a new facade on the street side and new entrance steps. A draft plan by Gerkan, Marg and Partners for the modernisation of the station in the mid-1990s envisaged part of the central hall remodelled as a market as well as the building of an office and hotel tower. This design was not realised. At the end of December 2000, the Board of Deutsche Bahn, let a contract for modernisation work. The planned construction costs amounted to approximately DM 100 million, which was funded from the federal government's remediation funds, Deutsche Bahn's own funds and a grant from the state of Saxony (DM 13 million). The completion of construction works was scheduled for the spring of 2003. The extensive redevelopment had already commenced in 2000 with the commissioning of the Leipzig remote electronic control centre. The additional redevelopment included the renovation of the entrance building and the train shed roof, track work of the north and south hall and changes to the track and signaling systems. To ensure uninterrupted movement of trains, the track structures of the north hall were first rehabilitated and recommissioned in November 2003. Subsequently, the renovation of the track structures of the south hall began at the end of 2004. The train shed roof was renovated from 2002 and the station building was renovated from the end of 2003. Because of the construction, shops were accommodated in containers in the station hall from 2002 to 2006. The dome above the connection hall between the two halls, which is up to 34 metres high, the connecting hall and the large waiting rooms were restored to their historical designs. A travel centre and a supermarket were opened in the waiting rooms in July 2006, simultaneously with the commissioning of the central hall. The high-level platforms are now reached via escalators and lifts. In December 2007, the newly designed network of tracks was put into operation on the station's south side, except for platform 1, which was opened at the end of 2008. In addition, the two freight train tracks outside the south hall were rebuilt, but omitting the platform between the tracks that had been built with the tracks in about 1930. The 2002 floods delayed the renovation work significantly. On 12 August 2002, the station was closed due to flooding by the Weißeritz, which had returned to its old route through Dresden and followed the route of the line to Chemnitz to reach the Hauptbahnhof, reaching a height of up to 1.50 m at the station. Water, mud and debris caused damage of €42 million. Many sections of track were impassable for a long time, especially towards Chemnitz. After a few regional trains reached the station on 2 September 2002, a long-distance train also reached it. The building was, in part, demolished down to its basement, except for its facade; this work lasted until the end of 2004. The cost of the remediation amounted to about €250 million up to November 2006. Of this amount, €85 million was spent on the membrane roof and €55 million on the entrance building. The federal government contributed about €100 million of this and the government of Saxony contributed about €11 million. The renewal of the elevated track structures in the south hall had still not been carried out at that time, it would be supported by the federal government with some €54 million. The inauguration of the renovated station took place under the dome of the lobby on the evening of 10 November 2006. It was carried out in 2006 to coincide with the celebration of the 800-year anniversary of the city. The opening meant the end of a significant obstacle for tourism, but the renovations have not yet finished even in 2014. After 20 months of construction, carried out as part of the federal economic stimulus package, the refurbishment of the station's energy systems were completed in June 2011. This construction work included the renovation of the royal pavilion. Since the summer of 2011, Deutsche Bahn has been developing a future retail space under the tracks of the north and south hall of the station. Around €25 million were expected to be invested by 2014. It has around 40 storefronts with a total area of 14,000 square metres. The first new stores opened in August 2013, although construction work had not been completed in April 2014. The second stage of the development of the Dresden railway node was planned in 2009 to be completed in 2011. However, this construction phase was not included in the 2011–2015 federal Investment Framework Plan (Investitionsrahmenplan) and construction is not currently scheduled (as of 2012). In September 2013, Deutsche Bahn said that the platforms of the central hall would be replaced by 2019 and they would also be slightly raised. The Förderverein Dresdner Hauptbahnhof e. V. (Friends of Dresden Hauptbahnhof) supported the renovation and enabled the recovery of some details about the required conservation measures. So broken decorative elements on a sandstone facade of the clock tower were returned to their correct places, windows were equipped with arches and architraves and the crowning group statue of Saxonia with personifications of science and technology have been restored. Building The station building is oriented in a northwest–southeast direction and is divided along its longitudinal axis into three train sheds with eye-catching arched roofs. The lobby is located to the east of the central and largest of the three buildings and it is centered between the outer halls; it has an approximately square plan. A small forecourt facing on to federal highway (Bundesstraße) 170 is in front of the main entrance. This road passes at roughly right angles under the railways running through the other two halls. The tripartite platform hall covers an area that is 60 metres wide and 186 metres long. The iron arch structure of the roof rises up to 32 metres high and has a width of 59 metres. The spans of the train sheds are 31 or 32 metres and 19 metres wide. The dimensions of the roof were necessary during the days of steam so that smoke could be blown away. On the other side of federal highway 170 opposite the main entrance is the station's east wing. Several bay platforms are arranged in an elevated position between the running lines from the north and south hall. These are mainly used for stabling short sets. Impressive entrances to the station building were built not only from the east, but also from the north and the south. Additionally from these sides there are direct entrances to the central train shed under the elevated through tracks. The entrance from Wiener Platz to the station hall was also perceived as the main entrance during construction, which led to contemporary criticism that "the organic development of the building had to suffer from the needs of two main entrances with one having greater architectural significance and the other responding more to the needs of users." In the northwest is the royal pavilion (Königspavillon), which is built in the Baroque Revival style. Originally it served to receive state guests of the Kingdom of Saxony. After the end of the monarchy in 1918, it contained a ticket office before it was again reserved for functions and receiving dignitaries during the Third Reich. From 1950, the royal pavilion contained the Kino im Hauptbahnhof (cinema in the station), which had more than 170 places. On 31 December 2000, Deutsche Bahn dismissed the operator and the Pavilion has since been unused. During a renovation to make it energy-efficient in 2010, the facade of the Pavilion was repaired and new windows and a new roof were installed. In April 2014, the royal pavilion is to be opened as an additional entrance to the station, allowing direct access to platforms 17, 18 and 19 from the north-west side. In the royal pavilion itself there will be room for cultural projects and art exhibitions. Originally there was another entrance to the Pavilion on the north side. Eliminating it led to criticism from architects and the press, as the royal pavilion would now not be integrated into a harmonious structure. Among the elevated tracks of the north and south hall there was originally facilities for loading luggage and offices for the management and inspection of operations (north hall) and rooms for the staff (south hall). Since the redevelopment there are shops for travel necessities below the eastern part of the north hall and a waiting hall with its own lost property office and sanitary facilities under a part of the south hall. The development of further rooms below the north hall and south hall is still continuing (as of 2013). Platforms The central train shed today serves as a terminal station with seven tracks running from the west. Originally, however, it housed only six platform tracks. Even before the Second World War another platform track was integrated into the train shed, the current platform 14. This change involved the abolition of two luggage platforms, leaving only the former luggage platform between platforms 6 and 9. The tracks of the central part of the station are approximately at street level, while all the through tracks run in a second level which is about 4.50 metres higher. The north and south halls house three through tracks (without platforms) that run in a southeasterly direction past the terminal hall. The eastern sections of platforms 1 and 2 are also referred to as platforms 1a and 2a. The north hall also houses an additional through track without platform. During the refurbishment works carried out since 2000, the platform height was adjusted to meet current standards. The east wing originally had a second terminal track, but only platform track 4 is still in use. In addition to structural changes, the system of operations has also changed. It was initially mainly operated with tracks arranged according to direction (that is with fast and slow lines in the same direction). The tracks are now largely arranged as discrete lines (for instance some tracks are dedicated to S-Bahn services). The following table gives an overview of the aspects of the platform and their original and current use (November 2009). The island platform added between the freight tracks south of the south hall in the 1930s has not existed since the reorganisation in the new millennium and therefore it is not shown in the table. Roof construction A special feature of the station is the renovated roof, which was designed by the British architect Sir Norman Foster. The previous panes of framed glass were replaced by 0.7 mm-thick glass fibre membranes which have been stretched between the arched halls. The membranes have double-sided Teflon coatings that are 0.1 mm-thick and are self-cleaning. It was the first time that a historic building had been treated with this new material. Designed for a service life of 50 years, the membrane can resist tensile forces of up to about 150 kN per metre. It can be walked over by trained personnel with a safety harness. The membrane is largely translucent during the daytime and reflects the light of the concourse back at night; the structure appears to be silver from the outside. Narrow slits between the membranes are left open over the hall arches, forming a total of 67 skylights. The roof area is about 33,000 square metres (of which 29,000 square metres is composed of glass fibre membrane), which covers a surface area about 24,500 square metres. The architects who won the competition emphasised their entry's relatively easy installation, low weight and low maintenance costs (self-cleaning). According to the Deutsche Bahn specifications, cooling is not required due to the "tent construction" of the roof even in bright sunlight. The restoration was carried out between February 2001 and July 2006 with trains running through the station. 800 tons of material were installed in the two outer halls from elevated work platforms and more than 1600 tons of material were installed in the central hall. On 15 May 2001, workers began with the removal of the old glass roof. Some of the old steel beams were rebuilt and some new ones have been inserted as wind bracing between the hall arches. Secondary structures were then built to attach the membranes on the beams. A total of more than 100,000 screws were installed, some of which also replaced rivets on the historic hall arches. A service lift was also installed. The planning began in 1997 and originally a full canopy covering the outer platforms was envisaged, but this was rejected in 2000. Instead it was decided to take up an option to extend the two outer roofs by 200 metres to the east above the outer platforms using a membrane roof. The membrane roof has been damaged several times during bad weather. In the winter of 2010/2011, eight cracks, which were up to two metres wide, were formed. Responsibility for the damage was still being contested in court in January 2013. Main entrance and lobby The main entrance of the station building forms part of a large circular portal window arch. The portal is installed in the massive Avant-corps that dominates the centre of the facade. In addition there is a statue of Saxonia, the embodiment of the spirit of Saxony, which is arranged between allegories of science and technology. Both the portal of the entrance building and the clock towers on both sides show the association of the station with the architectural style of Historicism, which was typical of the buildings of the kingdom of Saxony in Dresden. The entrance building consists of two elongated, T-shaped crossings, which intersect under the large glass dome of the hall. The main corridor leads to the central hall, while the side halls can be reached by passages running parallel to the cross passage through the central hall. During the renovation of the business and administrative areas, large parts of the station building were converted into facades and additional areas of glass were inserted into its roofs for daylighting. While the interiors of the lobby are now simply decorated, they appeared much more lively before the destruction of the station during World War II. Ceiling paintings and the 26 emblems of the administrative districts of the Kingdom of Saxony in their heraldic colours adorned the lobby. The waiting rooms of the first and second class were graced with large murals made of porcelain tiles to the design of Prof. Julius Storm of Meissen. For a long time many locals have met at the Unterm Strick (“rope end"), which is just below the center of the dome of Dresden station. Before the renovation of the station, a so-called rope hung here in the middle of the entrance hall. Although nothing has hung here since the station redevelopment, the old name is still used for this meeting place by many in Dresden. At this point of the roof, there is now a round cushion, 15 metres in diameter and made of ETFE foil. Its height can be adjusted and it serves mainly to regulate the ventilation. In the upper floor of the station there has been a DB Lounge for first class passengers and frequent travellers since September 2006. In the entrance building there are shops for travel needs. It includes leased retail space of 3,969 square metres in addition to the space below the elevated tracks of the south hall; this provision is low compared to other metropolitan stations. Operations As an important transport hub in Dresden, the station is linked to various transport services. It is not only a stop on the rail network, but it is also an important transfer point for public transport, a grade-separated crossing of two main roads and the beginning of the pedestrianised route through the inner city. Railway lines and operations Unifying railways The Dresden station is located on three electrified double-track main lines: The Děčín–Dresden railway (also called the Elbtalbahn–Elbe Valley Railway) (route 6240) passes through the station running over two lateral elevated railway tracks and runs to the south-east. It connects with Děčín and Prague through the valley of the Elbe. The section to Pirna is designed for speeds up to 160 km/h. From Dresden Hauptbahnhof to the vicinity of Dresden-Neustadt station there is a parallel single or double-track line for freight traffic (route 6241). The double track line branches off in Dresden Hauptbahnhof and runs south of the south hall. The line is single track from the vicinity of Dresden Mitte station over the Marien Bridge to Dresden-Neustadt station and it is shared by passenger trains and runs as a single track to the line to Dresden-Klotzsche. The Pirna–Coswig S-Bahn line (route 6239) runs parallel to the Elbe Valley Railway; it runs through the northern hall of Dresden station. The Dresden–Werdau railway (route 6258) starts in the station and branches on the western approach over a grade-separated junction. It represents the first section of Saxon-Franconian trunk line via Chemnitz, Zwickau and Hof to Nuremberg. The Hauptbahnhof is also connected with railway to Berlin via the triangle of rail tracks between Dresden Freiberger Straße and Dresden Mitte and with the railway to Leipzig and railway to Görlitz via Dresden-Neustadt. Components of the station An electronic interlocking controls the Dresden junction to the limits on Dresden station. For operational purposes, Dresden Hauptbahnhof (Hbf) is part is part of the Dresden “operating agency” (Betriebsstelle; DDRE) which consists of the following station parts: Dresden Hbf Dresden-Altstadt Dresden Freiberger Straße Dresden Freiberger Straße platform Dresden Mitte Dresden-Neustadt Pbf (passenger station) Dresden-Neustadt Gbf (freight yard) All lines to Dresden have entry signals, as do the opposite tracks. The operating agency of Dresden has a total of 15 entry signals. Rail operations Two long-distance railway corridors intersect in Dresden. In addition to the important long-distance route to Leipzig, there is also the north–south corridor from Berlin via Dresden and Prague to Vienna. A third corridor from Nuremberg to Wrocław has lost its importance in Germany and Poland and is no longer served by long-distance traffic. Journey times are as follows from Dresden to: Leipzig (120 km): 65 minutes, with stops in Dresden-Neustadt and Riesa; corresponding to an average speed of 110 km/h; Berlin (Berlin Hauptbahnhof, low level) (182 km): 128 minutes, with stops in Dresden-Neustadt (some trains), Elsterwerda (some trains) and Berlin-Südkreuz; corresponding to an average speed of 85 km/h; Prague (Holešovice) (191 km) 126 minutes, with stops in Bad Schandau, Děčín and Ústí nad Labem; corresponding to an average speed of 90 km/h. In the plans of the European Union, the station is the starting point of "Pan-European Corridors III and IV" to Kyiv and southeast Europe. Train services The station is served by the following services (incomplete list): Traffic Each day the station is used by around 60,000 passengers, 381 trains (including 50 long-distance services), including up to ten S-Bahn services each hour. In passenger traffic it is served by services operated by DB Fernverkehr (long-distance), DB Regio (Südost), Städtebahn Sachsen and Vogtlandbahn (under the brand name of Trilex). In addition, about 200 freight trains operated by different railway companies pass the station daily. The most common direct destination outside the area of the Dresden S-Bahn is Leipzig with up to 32 services daily. The other most frequent long-distance destinations are Berlin, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Wiesbaden, Prague and Budapest. The Saxon-Franconian trunk line via Chemnitz and the Vogtland to Nuremberg has been discontinued in recent years, despite the growth of long-distance traffic and is now only operated by DB Regio as far as Hof. The number of direct connections to the station mean that it has national significance as an interchange. It is one of the 21 stations of the highest category as classified by DB Station&Service. Transport links Public transportation The station is the main inner-city hub for national passenger services. From the outset, it was the centre of the tram network of the Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe (Dresden Transport) or its predecessor organisations. Today, along with Postplatz, Albertplatz and Pirnaischer Platz, it is one of the four major tram hubs of the city. The first bus service was operated in Dresden from April 1914 via the station as the overland buses of the Kraftverkehrsgesellschaft Freistaat Sachsen (KVG) from 1919 until the end of World War II. Tram stops are located on the station forecourt fronting highway B170 and on Wiener Platz. The distance from the centre of the station to each of the tram stops is about 100 metres. The connecting path runs at ground level from the head of the platforms. Also in front of the entrance building is the bus stop, which is served by city and regional buses. As part of further restructuring, a new central bus station (Zentraler Omnibus Bahnhof, ZOB) is being built at the western end of Wiener Platz. Bus passengers will then be able to use the station entrance by the royal pavilion. Four tram lines (3, 7, 8, 10), a city bus route (66) and several regional bus services operated by Regionalverkehr Dresden (Regional Transport Dresden), line 261 operated by the Pirna-Sebnitz Upper Elbe Transport Company (Oberelbischen Verkehrsgesellschaft Pirna-Sebnitz) and other services operated by long-distance transport companies regularly stop at the station. Apart from destinations in the surrounding area of Dresden, services are also operated to Annaberg-Buchholz, Olbernhau and Mittweida as well as Teplice in the Czech Republic, among other places. In addition, tram lines 9 and 11 stop at the Hauptbahnhof Nord stop, which is about 150 metres to the northeast of the station. In the Bayerischen Straße to the south of the station are the bus stops of several long-distance bus services. After the completion of the planned ZOB, this is to be served by all regional and long-distance bus services. Private transport Stopping places for cars are provided near the entrances on the south side of the station. An underground car park with 350 parking spaces is located at Wiener Platz in front of the northern entrances of the station. It is reached from the road tunnel under the Platz running to the east. Further parking is available in parking garages and parking lots along Prager Straße and south of the station. Awards The renovated station in Dresden received the 2007 Renault Traffic Future Award for special transport architecture. In addition, the architectural firm of Foster and Partners received a second place in the award of the Stirling Prize in the same year and in 2008 the new roof of the station hall received the Brunel Award, an award for railway design. In August 2014, the station was given an award by Allianz pro Schiene entitled "Station of the Year in the category of large city railway station". The jury praised the station as being a "monument of a clear, lilting lightness." Notes References (brochure) External links Dresden Hauptbahnhof | Deutsche Bahn AG - Official DB site (in English). Foster + Partners - project description Hauptbahnhof Foster and Partners buildings Lattice shell structures DresdenHauptbahnhof Railway stations in Germany opened in 1897 Rebuilt buildings and structures in Dresden

5393508

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp%20onion

Swamp onion

Swamp onion is a common name for several plants and may refer to: Allium madidum, native to Idaho, Oregon and Washington Allium validum, native to western North America

5393519

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Catholic%20dioceses%20in%20Spain

List of Catholic dioceses in Spain

The diocesan system of the Catholic church government in Spain consists mainly of a nearly entirely Latin hierarchy of 70 territorial (arch)dioceses : fourteen ecclesiastical provinces, each headed by a metropolitan archbishop (one of which, Toledo, uses the Mozarabic rite), have a total of 55 suffragan Bishops. Exempt, i.e. directly subject to the Holy See, are : the (vacant) Latin Titular Patriarchate of the West Indies the Spanish military ordinariate, which is a Latin army bishopric (personal diocese for the military) headed by an archbishop the bishopric of Gibraltar, also Latin the joint Ordinariate for the Faithful of Eastern Rite for all Eastern Catholics in Spain. All except the Exempt Bishop of Gibraltar are members of the national episcopal conference of Spain. There is also an apostolic nunciature (papal embassy) to Spain (in national capital Madrid), into which is also vested the nunciature to Andorra. Gibraltar, being British overseas territory without sovereignty (and disputed by Spain), has no papal diplomatic representation. Exempt current jurisdictions Latin Military Archbishopric of Spain, personal archbishopric for the Spanish armed forces Eastern Rite Ordinariate Ordinariate for the Faithful of Eastern Rite in Spain Current Latin provinces Ecclesiastical province of Barcelona Metropolitan Archdiocese of Barcelona Diocese of Sant Feliu de Llobregat Diocese of Terrassa Ecclesiastical province of Burgos Metropolitan Archdiocese of Burgos Diocese of Bilbao Diocese of Osma-Soria Diocese of Palencia Diocese of Vitoria Ecclesiastical province of Granada Metropolitan Archdiocese of Granada Diocese of Almería Diocese of Cartagena Diocese of Guadix Diocese of Jaén Diocese of Málaga Ecclesiastical province of Madrid Metropolitan Archdiocese of Madrid Diocese of Alcalá de Henares Diocese of Getafe Ecclesiastical province of Mérida-Badajoz Metropolitan Archdiocese of Mérida-Badajoz Diocese of Coria-Cáceres Diocese of Plasencia Ecclesiastical province of Oviedo Metropolitan Archdiocese of Oviedo Diocese of Astorga Diocese of León Diocese of Santander Ecclesiastical province of Pamplona Metropolitan Archdiocese of Pamplona y Tudela Diocese of Calahorra and La Calzada-Logroño Diocese of Jaca Diocese of San Sebastián Ecclesiastical province of Santiago de Compostela Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela Diocese of Lugo Diocese of Mondoñedo-Ferrol Diocese of Ourense Diocese of Tui-Vigo Ecclesiastical province of Seville Metropolitan Archdiocese of Seville Diocese of Cádiz and Ceuta, which includes the Spanish exclaves in Morocco Diocese of Córdoba Diocese of Huelva Diocese of Canarias Diocese of Jerez de la Frontera Diocese of San Cristóbal de La Laguna Ecclesiastical province of Tarragona Metropolitan Archdiocese of Tarragona Diocese of Girona Diocese of Lleida Diocese of Solsona Diocese of Tortosa Diocese of Urgell, which includes Andorra, where he is prince-bishop as joint head of state (with the French president) Diocese of Vic Ecclesiastical province of Toledo Metropolitan Archdiocese of Toledo, which uses the Mozarabic Rite Diocese of Albacete Diocese of Ciudad Real Diocese of Cuenca Diocese of Sigüenza-Guadalajara Ecclesiastical province of Valencia Metropolitan Archdiocese of Valencia Diocese of Ibiza Diocese of Majorca Diocese of Menorca Diocese of Orihuela-Alicante Diocese of Segorbe-Castellón Ecclesiastical province of Valladolid Metropolitan Archdiocese of Valladolid Diocese of Ávila Diocese of Ciudad Rodrigo Diocese of Salamanca Diocese of Segovia Diocese of Zamora Ecclesiastical province of Zaragoza Metropolitan Archdiocese of Zaragoza Diocese of Barbastro-Monzón Diocese of Huesca Diocese of Tarazona Diocese of Teruel and Albarracín Titular sees (Excluding the current but vacant Latin titular patriarchate, above) Forty-eight Titular bishoprics (all Episcopal): Diocese of Abula, Diocese of Acci, Diocese of Álava, Diocese of Algeciras, Diocese of Amaia, Diocese of Arcavica, Diocese of Assidona ? Asidonia, Diocese of Auca, Diocese of Baeza, Diocese of Basti (Baza), Diocese of Besalú, Diocese of Bigastro, Diocese of Britonia, Diocese of Castulo, Diocese of Celene, Diocese of Denia, Diocese of Écija, Diocese of Egabro, Diocese of Egara, Diocese of Elepla, Diocese of Elicroca, Diocese of Elo, Diocese of Emerita Augusta (now Mérida(-Badajoz), again suppressed as titular see), Diocese of Fuerteventura, Diocese of Iliturgi, Illiberi (Elvira / Eliberi / Granada / Ilurir), Diocese of Illici, Diocese of Ipagro, Diocese of Iria Flavia, Diocese of Italica, Diocese of Mentesa, Diocese of Naiera (Najéra), Diocese of Oreto, Diocese of Rota, Diocese of Rotdon, Diocese of Rubicon, Diocese of Saetabis, Diocese of Sasabe, Diocese of Segia, Diocese of Segisama, Diocese of Telde, Diocese of Tucci, Diocese of Urci, Diocese of Ursona, Diocese of Valabria, Diocese of Valeria, Diocese of Valliposita, Diocese of Vergi Other (Excluding mere predecessors of current sees) Roman Catholic Diocese of Albarracin Roman Catholic Diocese of Ceuta Roman Catholic Diocese of Tudela Gallery of Archdioceses Sources and external links GCatholic.org - Spain. GCatholic.org - Andorra. GCatholic.org - Gibraltar. Catholic-Hierarchy entry. Spain Roman Catholic Dioceses

5393525

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Stern%20%28British%20politician%29

Michael Stern (British politician)

Michael Charles Stern (born 3 August 1942) is a British Conservative Party politician. Stern contested Derby South at the 1979 general election before being elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bristol North West at the 1983 general election. He represented the seat for 14 years. In the 1992 election, he held on by the extremely narrow margin of 45 votes, but in 1997 — unhelped by adverse boundary changes — lost the seat to Labour's Doug Naysmith by 11,382 votes. References Times Guide to the House of Commons, 1992 and 1997 editions External links Living people 1942 births Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies UK MPs 1983–1987 UK MPs 1987–1992 UK MPs 1992–1997 Members of the Bow Group People educated at Christ's College, Finchley

5393531

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinloch%20Rannoch

Kinloch Rannoch

Kinloch Rannoch (; Gaelic: Ceann Loch Raineach) is a village in Perth and Kinross, Scotland, at the eastern end of Loch Rannoch, 18 miles (29 km) west of Pitlochry, on the banks of the River Tummel. The village is a tourist and outdoor pursuits centre. It has a small population and is fairly remote. The name of the village, Kinloch Rannoch, or rather Ceann Loch means 'end' of the loch. It could be used for either end, but is usually used for the end the water flows out of in a fresh water loch such as this, in contrast to a sea loch where it would obviously have to be where the brine hits the land. On the road to Rannoch Station is the church of A. E. Robertson at Braes of Rannoch. Overview Formerly a tiny hamlet, Kinloch Rannoch was enlarged and settled, under the direction of James Small, formerly an Ensign in Lord Loudoun's Regiment, mainly by soldiers discharged from the army, but also by displaced crofters. Small had been appointed by the Commissioners for the Forfeited Estates to run the Rannoch estates, which had been seized from the clan chieftains who had supported the Jacobites following the Battle of Culloden in 1746. Local roads and bridges were improved, enabling soldiers at Rannoch Barracks to move more freely around the district. The Soldiers' Trenches were dug on nearby Rannoch Moor in an unsuccessful attempt to create better quality agricultural land. Small was supported by Dugald Buchanan and his wife who taught the villagers new trades and crafts. Buchanan was a local schoolmaster and Gaelic poet, who is commemorated by a large monument in the centre of the square in Kinloch Rannoch. He worked with James Stuart minister of Killin on translating Bible passages into Scottish Gaelic. The main economic activities in the area are agriculture, forestry, hydro power and tourism with local tourist activities including fishing, rafting, cycling and hiking. Near the village is a hill reputed to resemble the head, shoulders, and torso of a man. It has been given the name of "The Sleeping Giant". Local myth says that the giant will wake up only when he hears the sounds of his master's flute. The old bridge over the River Tummel is worthy of note. Some sources attribute it to Thomas Telford but that is unlikely since a plaque on the bridge dates its building to 1764 when Telford would have been 7 years old. There is also has an attractive waterfall at the entrance to the village on the Allt Mor burn known locally as The Falls and there is a walkway to the hill giving access to Craig Var an imposing craggy outcrop jutting into the valley and offering stupendous views over the village and nearby lochs and hills. The village and some of its inhabitants were featured in the film Shepherd on the Rock. Gallery References External links Explore Rannoch Path Network - Perth and Kinross Countryside Trust Villages in Perth and Kinross

5393571

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vvedensky%20Municipal%20Okrug

Vvedensky Municipal Okrug

Vvedensky Municipal Okrug (), formerly Municipal Okrug #58 (), is a municipal okrug of Petrogradsky District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. Population: The okrug borders Bolshoy Avenue in the north, Vvdenskaya Street in the east, Kronverksky Avenu in the southeast, and Malaya Neva in the southwest. References Petrogradsky District

5393574

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Envoy%20Extraordinary

Envoy Extraordinary

Envoy Extraordinary may refer to: Envoy Extraordinary (novella) by William Golding Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, a diplomatic rank

5393584

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA%20Weightlifting

USA Weightlifting

USA Weightlifting, otherwise known as USAW, is the national governing body overseeing the sport of weightlifting in the United States. USAW is a member of the United States Olympic Committee (USOC), responsible for conducting weightlifting programs throughout the country, and a member of the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF). Top competitors are selected by USAW to compete in major international events such as the Olympic Games, World Championships, World Junior Championships, Pan American Championships and Pan American Games. There are 45 state oriented Local Weightlifting Committees (LWC's). Each LWC promotes weightlifting programs and develops athletes in its region by holding local competitions and other programs. To compete in any USA Weightlifting sanctioned events, an athlete must be a current member of USAW. All athletes participating in USA Weightlifting activities may be subject to random drug testing, conducted via either the US Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) or the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). USA Weightlifting authorizes five National Championships in all age groups, giving athletes a chance to evaluate their competition nationwide. Top competitors are selected from the various National Championships to compete in major international events. The CEO oversees the USA Weightlifting National Office, which is located at the U.S. Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The CEO coordinates affairs with the US Olympic Committee (USOC), oversees national competitions and team selections, and supervises sponsorship and fundraising activities. National events National Championships The USA Weightlifting National Championships is the pinnacle Olympic weightlifting competition held in the United States. Open to registered USAW athletes (US citizens only) of all ages that reach the qualifying total in their weight class. American Open Open to registered USAW athletes of all ages that reach the qualifying total in their weight class. National Collegiate Championships Open to registered USAW athletes (US citizenship not required) currently registered at accredited colleges throughout the United States, who reach the qualifying total in their weight class. Athletes competing at the National Collegiate Championships cannot be younger than 15 or older than 28, as of December 31 of the year in which they are competing at this event. National Junior Championships Open to registered USAW athletes (US citizens only) that reach the qualifying total in their weight class. Athletes competing at the National Juniors cannot be younger than 18 or older than 20, as of December 31 of the year in which they are competing at this event. National School Age Championships Open to registered USAW athletes (US citizens only) that reach the qualifying total in their weight class. Athletes competing at the National School Age Championships cannot be older than 17 years old, as of December 31 of the year in which they are competing at this event. Olympic trials The USA Weightlifting Olympic Trials are by invitation only, according to athlete ranking and other factors. Anyone hoping to compete at the Olympic Trials must request to be in the Registered Drug Testing Pool at least one year prior to the first Olympic Trials qualifying event. Coaches Club Coach (Level 1) The Club Coach course is aimed at beginning coaches who will be working with competing weightlifters and who want to learn the basics of the Olympic lifts. Material learned covers the foundation of the snatch and the clean and jerk. Progression coaching is used as the tool for teaching the lifts, including push press, overhead squat, muscle lifts, and others. Senior Coach (Level 2) This is the second formalized education course within USA Weightlifting's Coaching Education curriculum. The course accommodates the needs of coaches who have already qualified as Club Coaches. The facilitation of this course is over four days and may take place at USAW Headquarters, the Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs or at a club location. The aim of this course is at the developing Club Coach graduate who has progressed beyond coaching beginners. The course offers an expanding education for the coach, introducing many Sports Science elements. Instructors will provide candidates with a body of knowledge and practical expertise so that they can develop their lifters from Club standard to National standard and beyond. More emphasis is on programming of training and preparing athletes to compete on the international platform. A more comprehensive biomechanics chapter is included and a number of new topics are introduced such as anatomy, physiology, kinesiology, nutrition, strength and power principles and general physical preparation. Regional Coach (Level 3) This is the final formalized education course within USA Weightlifting's Coaching Education curriculum. The course caters to the needs of coaches who have already qualified as Club and Senior Coaches. The main thrust and aim of the course is to progress the Senior Coach Graduate, who is by now, hopefully, coaching and developing national standard lifters, to a point where he/she can develop his/her lifters into international class competitors. The course will also prepare the coach to handle team coaching at international events. The course is very open-ended and designed to provide the most up-to-date information on a variety of topics. The provision of this information will stimulate the candidates to develop their own coaching philosophies within USAW guidelines. Looking at the sport on an "international" rather than a national context should aid in this endeavor. Sports Performance Coach The Sports Performance Coach course focuses on the utilization and application of the Olympic lifts and their assistance exercises, plyometrics and medicine ball training to the realm of sport specific training, power development and injury prevention. The course is appropriate for high school, college and professional sports coaches who work with athletes from other sports besides weightlifting, such as football, track and field, wrestling, etc. It is also appropriate for personal trainers who work with private clients, incorporating weightlifting into their personal fitness routines. There are no prerequisites to take this course. Advanced Sports Performance Coach The Advanced Sports Performance Coach course is a secondary course to the standard Sports Performance Coaching Course. The course is aimed at coaches who would like advanced knowledge in hopes of bettering themselves and their athletes. References External links United States Weightlifting Weightlifting in the United States Organizations based in Colorado Springs, Colorado Sports in Colorado Springs, Colorado

5393589

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Save%20Our%20Springs%20Alliance

Save Our Springs Alliance

Save Our Springs Alliance (SOS), originally called the Save Our Springs Legal Defense Fund, was a nonprofit corporation created to protect the citizen-drafted SOS Ordinance of 1992 to conserve Barton Springs in Austin, Texas. The ordinance was written by citizens in reaction to the city's "Composite Ordinance," which citizens regarded as insufficient to save Barton Springs. History In 1990 Freeport-McMoRan, a mining company, threatened to develop of land it owned along Barton Creek. When it came time for City Council to approve the development, though, an all-night meeting ensued wherein citizens decried the company's actions and professed their love of Barton Springs, what many refer to as the "Soul of the City." Today, SOS works with groups in the larger Edwards Region with a collective goal of conserving the Greater Edwards Aquifer Ecosystem, which is now chartered in the "Edwards Aquifer Protection Plan." The Edwards Aquifer is the source of water to over 4 million people, including residents of San Antonio. It also provides necessary heat relief and recreation to central Texas residents, and it is the home of many rare plant and animal species. Six creeks run through the Barton Springs watershed: Barton Creek, Little Barton Creek, Bear Creek, Slaughter Creek, Williamson Creek, and Onion Creek. Sinkholes and other karst features allow water from these creeks to travel underground to the Aquifer. Because limestone provides no natural filtering system (unlike sandstone aquifers) it is more susceptible to pollutants in the creeks. SOS works to minimize development near these creeks, as sewage, run-off from roads and lawn fertilizers can end up in the Aquifer and come up at Barton Springs. Some of the ill effects of this pollution include a sewage smell, eutrophication (the proliferation of algae due to increased nutrients), increase turbidity (cloudiness) and harm to endangered species. Barton Creek and other lakes and rivers in Central Texas are very popular in the Austin and Edwards Aquifer region as most citizens enjoy kayaking, swimming, and other outdoor recreation. Pursuant to Section 11(g) of the Endangered Species Act, Save Our Springs Alliance petitioned the Secretary of the Interior to list the Barton Springs Salamander as an endangered species. After a favorable ruling by the Supreme Court, the species was listed. In 2006, a visiting judge ruled that Save Our Springs lacked standing in a suit that it had brought. SOS claimed that the Lazy 9 Municipal Utility District was created in violation of the Texas Constitution. The judge also levied $294,000 in attorney's fees against Save Our Springs, but the directors of SOS filed bankruptcy to avoid paying this judgment. Although the Court of Appeals subsequently determined that SOS did have standing to file the suit, it refused to reverse the trial court's decision on the merits and left the attorney's fees ruling intact. On motion for rehearing, the Court of Appeals affirmed its decision. The Texas Supreme Court refused the writ of appeal, determining there was no reversible error. The bankruptcy court judge denied Save Our Springs' plan to emerge from bankruptcy and dismissed the case after SOS failed to meet a deadline. References Organizations based in Austin, Texas

5393601

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Souchak

Mike Souchak

Michael Souchak (May 10, 1927 – July 10, 2008) was an American professional golfer who won fifteen events on the PGA Tour in the 1950s and 1960s, and played for the Ryder Cup teams in 1959 and 1961. Early years Born and raised in Berwick, Pennsylvania, Souchak served two years as a gunner in the U.S. Navy. He then attended Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, and played both golf and football for the Blue Devils, as an end and placekicker. He was inducted into the Duke Sports Hall of Fame in 1976. Tour record-setter In his first win at the 1955 Texas Open, Souchak set and tied several records. In the first round, he tied the tour's 18-hole record with a 60. This record was finally broken in 1977 by Al Geiberger's 59, and then lowered by Jim Furyk's 58 in 2016. This first round also included a record-breaking 27 on the back nine holes, a record that was tied by Andy North in 1975, Billy Mayfair in 2001 and Robert Gamez in 2004, and broken by Corey Pavin in 2006. He then finished with a 72-hole record of 257 (27-under-par). This record stood until 2001, when Mark Calcavecchia shot 256 at the Phoenix Open, and lowered two years later by Tommy Armour III (254) at the Texas Open. Justin Thomas lowered the mark to 253 in 2017 at the Sony Open in Hawaii. Souchak's fifteen PGA Tour wins came between 1955 and 1964, with his best year in 1956 (four victories). He won three tour titles in 1959, and was on an early cover of Sports Illustrated in January 1956, for its preview of the Bing Crosby Pro-Am. Near misses in majors Souchak had eleven top-10 finishes at major championships, including third-place finishes at the U.S. Open in 1959 and 1960. Souchak led after 36 holes in 1960 with a new record score of 135, which was 7-under-par. But he struggled on the final hole of the third round (which was played on the same day as the fourth round,) making a triple bogey, and couldn't regain his composure. Arnold Palmer, who had been seven strokes behind entering the final round, shot 65 to win the championship. Souchak played on the Senior PGA Tour (now called the PGA Tour Champions) from its inception in 1980 until 1990. His best finish was second place in his very first tournament, the Atlantic City Senior International in 1980. Souchak moved from North Carolina to Florida in 1970 and became the first head pro at the Innisbrook Resort and Golf Club in Palm Harbor, and resided in Belleair with his wife Nancy. He had four children: sons Mike, Frank, and Chris Souchak and daughter Patti Taylor, as well as five grandchildren. He ran Golf Car Systems, a preventive maintenance firm, with his partner Bill Dodd until his death from complications of a heart attack in 2008. Professional wins (19) PGA Tour wins (15) PGA Tour playoff record (0–3) Other wins (4) This list is probably incomplete 1955 Havana Invitational 1959 Carolinas PGA Championship 1967 Michigan Open 1968 Michigan PGA Championship Results in major championships CUT = missed the half-way cut "T" indicates a tie for a place R16, QF, SF = Round in which player lost in PGA Championship match play Summary Most consecutive cuts made – 19 (1958 PGA – 1965 Masters) Longest streak of top-10s – 2 (twice) U.S. national team appearances Ryder Cup: 1959 (winners), 1961 (winners) Hopkins Trophy: 1956 (winners) See also List of golfers with most PGA Tour wins References External links Duke University Athletics – Mike Souchak American male golfers Duke Blue Devils men's golfers PGA Tour golfers PGA Tour Champions golfers Ryder Cup competitors for the United States Golfers from Pennsylvania Duke Blue Devils football players Players of American football from Pennsylvania People from Berwick, Pennsylvania People from Belleair, Florida 1927 births 2008 deaths United States Navy personnel of World War II United States Navy sailors

5393606

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda%20Ape

Honda Ape

The Honda Ape is a minibike sold in the Japanese market. While technically classed as a minibike due to its small frame and 50 cc or 100 cc engines, its height makes it rideable for an adult. The Ape features four-stroke engines, and five-speed transmissions. It is sometimes classed as a monkey bike alongside the Honda Monkey and Honda Gorilla. References External links Honda Ape official site Ape Minibikes

5393624

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale%20Alumni%20Magazine

Yale Alumni Magazine

The Yale Alumni Magazine is an alumni magazine about Yale University. It was founded in 1891. The Magazines statement of purpose approved on June 16, 2003 says: Yale University took over operations of the Yale Alumni Magazine in 2015. As of July 2015 the editor-in-chief was Kathrin Day Lassila. References External links Official site 1891 establishments in Connecticut Alumni magazines Bimonthly magazines published in the United States Magazines established in 1891 Yale University publications Magazines published in Connecticut Mass media in New Haven, Connecticut

5393627

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20Thomason

Roy Thomason

Kenneth Roy Thomason (born 14 December 1944) is a former British Conservative Party politician. He was a local government leader and served one term as a member of parliament. Local government experience Thomason was educated at Cheney School in Oxford and trained as a Solicitor at the College of Law, being admitted to the Roll of Solicitors in 1969. He practised in Bournemouth and was elected to Bournemouth Council in 1970. From 1974 to 1982 he was the Leader of the Council, and he was made a delegate to the Council of the Association of District Councils in 1979. Thomason was made Chairman of the Conservative Party's Local Government Advisory Committee in 1980 and became Leader of the Conservative Group on the Association of District Councils the next year, serving until 1984 and 1987 respectively. In 1986 he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for services to local government. Parliament Thomason contested Newport East in 1983, coming second to Labour's Roy Hughes by 2,630 votes. Between 1988 and 1991 Thomason served on the National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations Executive, a Conservative body which administered the party. He was selected to follow Sir Hal Miller as candidate for the safe seat of Bromsgrove, and won the seat with a 13,702 majority in the 1992 election. Thomason was one of 26 new Conservative MPs to sign an Early Day Motion put down by Eurosceptics calling for a "fresh start" in Britain's negotiations with the European Communities, but was not a hardened eurosceptic and signed an open letter calling for support for the 'paving motion' on the Maastricht Treaty in November 1992. On social issues Thomason was mildly progressive, supporting a reduction in the age of consent for gay sex to 18 rather than equalising it with the heterosexual age at 16. He resigned from the Carlton Club in December 1994 at a time of a dispute over the admission of women, although newspapers suspected this was because he could not justify the cost of membership. Decision to stand down On 18 September 1996, Thomason decided he would not offer himself as a candidate for reselection and would stand down as an MP. Subsequent career After the 1997 election, Thomason went back into business management and is currently executive chairman of the Charminster group of property companies. He has also served as chairman of London Strategic Housing, a Housing Association. References External links Court judgment of 2005 relating to Thomason's financial difficulties Tufnol Composites 1944 births Councillors in South West England Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies British businesspeople Living people UK MPs 1992–1997 Officers of the Order of the British Empire Politics of Worcestershire People educated at Cheney School

5393635

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Baby

John Baby

John George Baby (born May 18, 1957) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played two seasons in the National Hockey League for the Cleveland Barons and Minnesota North Stars between 1977 and 1979. Baby was born in Sudbury, Ontario. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs External links 1957 births Living people Binghamton Dusters players Binghamton Whalers players Canadian ice hockey defencemen Cleveland Barons (NHL) draft picks Cleveland Barons (NHL) players Ice hockey people from Ontario Sportspeople from Greater Sudbury Kalamazoo Wings (1974–2000) players Kitchener Rangers players Minnesota North Stars players New England Whalers draft picks Oklahoma City Stars players Phoenix Roadrunners (CHL) players SC Rapperswil-Jona Lakers players Sudbury Wolves players Syracuse Firebirds players

5393636

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dani%20language

Dani language

Dani may refer to: Dani languages of New Guinea Western Dani language of New Guinea Deni language of Brazil

5393643

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara%20Jessup%20Moore

Clara Jessup Moore

Clara Sophia Jessup Bloomfield-Moore (February 16, 1824 – January 5, 1899) was an American philanthropist and philosopher. Biography She was born in Westfield, Massachusetts. She married businessman Bloomfield Haines Moore (1819-1878) and resided in Philadelphia from the date of her marriage onward. Following the death of her husband she moved to London, where she eventually died in 1899. She organized in Philadelphia a hospital relief committee during the American Civil War and assisted in the foundation of the Temperance Home for Children. She and her husband had three children: Ella Carlton Moore (1843–1892), Clarence Bloomfield Moore (1852–1936), Lilian Stuart Moore (1853–1911). They were the grandparents of Swedish explorer and ethnographer Eric von Rosen. Philosophy Her books on etiquette connected the perennial philosophy to social behavior; for instance, she described harmony as the basis of good manners: "the secret or essence of good manners, as of goodness in all other things, consists in suitableness, or in other words of harmony." She promoted a "science of social intercourse" consisting of "the means through which people meet each other, maintaining harmony and peace in their relations, and securing the greatest possible amount of pleasure and comfort to all." This philosophy was subsequently applied to physics. Her book on ether was written because she believed that ether could account for the operation of the motor invented by John Ernst Worrell Keely, to whose Keely Motor Company she gave liberally in order that he might develop his idea. Selected works Miscellaneous Poems (1875) On Dangerous Ground (1876), a romance Sensible Etiquette (1878) Ether the True Protoplasm (1885) Social Ethics and Social Duties (1892) References Attribution External links More of her publications 1824 births 1899 deaths American romantic fiction writers 19th-century American poets Writers from Philadelphia American women poets Women romantic fiction writers 19th-century American women writers People associated with the Philadelphia Museum of Art 19th-century American philanthropists

5393647

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopis%20pallida

Prosopis pallida

Prosopis pallida is a species of mesquite tree. It has the common names kiawe () (in Hawaii), huarango (in its native South America) and American carob, as well as "bayahonda" (a generic term for Prosopis), "algarrobo pálido" (in some parts of Ecuador and Peru), and "algarrobo blanco" (usually used for Prosopis alba). It is a thorny legume, native to Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, particularly drier areas near the coast. While threatened in its native habitat, it is considered an invasive species in many other places. The kiawe is a spreading bush or moderately sized tree, bearing spines, spikes of greenish-yellow flowers, and long pods filled with small brown seeds. It is a successful invasive species due to its ability to reproduce in two ways: production of large numbers of easily dispersed seeds, and suckering to create thick monotypic stands that shade out nearby competing plants. It survives well in dry environments due to a long taproot which can reach deep watertables. It is so efficient at extracting moisture from soil that it can kill nearby plants by depriving them of water, as well as by shading them out. It can be found in areas where other plants do not grow, such as sandy, dry, degraded slopes, salty soils, disturbed areas, and rocky cliffs. The tree grows quickly and can live for over a millennium. It makes a good shade tree, if one does not mind the nasty thorns of the fallen branches. Its hard wood is a source of long-burning firewood and charcoal. Kiawe pods can be used as livestock fodder, ground into flour, turned into molasses or used to make beer. The light yellow flowers attract bees, which produce from them a sought-after white honey. Fallen Kiawe branches usually contain sharp spines that can puncture both feet and tires. At times the tree was used to replace forest and prevent erosion, and once it was established it generally dominates the habitat. It was introduced to Puerto Rico and Hawaii as well as New South Wales and Queensland in Australia and is now naturalized in those places. The first kiawe was planted in Hawaii in 1828; today it is a ubiquitous shade tree and invasive weed on the Hawaiian Islands, but provides firewood for heating and cooking. The clearing of kiawe (huarango) has been suggested as a major reason for the collapse of the Nazca culture in southern Peru at the beginning of the 6th century AD after an El Niño event led to flooding, erosion and desertification. Ecologists consider the huarango important to the ecosystem of the desert area west of the Andes in southern Peru, because of its ability to bind moisture and counter erosion. Despite prohibitions by regional authorities, poor villagers continue to harvest the trees to make charcoal. Efforts are under way to reforest the area with huarangos. In the southwest of Ecuador, Prosopis pallida and Prosopis juliflora both display substantial genetic variability due to the (intraspecific) cross-pollination of their self-incompatible flowers which are typical of the genus Prosopis. As a result, trees of these species display a range of physical traits that lead to trees of one species resembling descriptions of the other, and the two species are often confused. To compound the difficulty in discerning the species of a given tree, these two species hybridise readily where their ranges overlap. In the semi-arid Zapotillo Canton of Ecuador, both thorn-bearing and thornless strains of Prosopis pallida exist with thorn-bearing trees being more common. It is the preferred tree of the local people for making charcoal and is sometimes also cut for firewood or fence posts. History The first specimen in Hawaii was planted from a seed brought by missionary Alexis Bachelot from the Palais-Royal Gardens in 1828. Photos References External links Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk P. pallida photo gallery Kiawe info sheet Habitat restoration and sustainable use of southern Peruvian dry forest: Huarango forest, project by Kew Gardens Invasive Species Remedy Prosopis pallida (mesquite) CABI Invasive Species Compendium pallida Plants described in 1823 Trees of Bolivia Trees of Colombia Trees of Ecuador Trees of Peru Hawaiian cuisine Fodder Taxa named by Aimé Bonpland Taxa named by Alexander von Humboldt

5393654

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20J.%20Sullivan%20%28Pennsylvania%20politician%29

Patrick J. Sullivan (Pennsylvania politician)

Patrick Joseph Sullivan (October 12, 1877 – December 31, 1946) was Republican member of the United States House of Representatives for Pennsylvania. Biography Patrick Joseph Sullivan was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was employed in the Homestead Axle Works, Homestead, Pennsylvania, from 1890 to 1900, and in the steel mills at Pittsburgh from 1900 to 1909. He was a member of the city council from 1906 to 1909, and served as alderman from 1910 to 1929, police magistrate from 1916 to 1923, and member of the board of assessment and tax revision for Allegheny County, Pennsylvania from 1923 to 1929. He was elected in 1928 as a Republican to the 71st and 72nd Congresses. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1932. He was city police magistrate in Pittsburgh from 1936 until his death there. He was interred in Calvary Cemetery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Sources 1877 births 1946 deaths Burials at Calvary Catholic Cemetery (Pittsburgh) Politicians from Pittsburgh Pennsylvania city council members Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania

5393659

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto%20Serrano

Puerto Serrano

Puerto Serrano is a city located in the province of Cádiz, Spain. According to the 2005 census, the city has a population of 6,852 inhabitants. Leisure Puerto Serrano is part of Vía Verde de la Sierra biking and hiking route. Demographics References External links Puerto Serrano - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía Municipalities of the Province of Cádiz

5393663

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie%20Morse%20MacQuarrie

Melanie Morse MacQuarrie

Melanie Virginia Sydney Morse MacQuarrie (13 June 1945 – 1 February 2005) was a British-born Canadian actress. Background MacQuarrie was the daughter of actors Barry Morse and Sydney Sturgess and sister of Hayward Morse. She was born in London, England, but lived in Canada from the age of six. She earned the nickname "Big Mel," having made several newspaper headlines in London as one of the largest babies born in Britain, at 11 pounds, 9 ounces. Career She worked professionally as a child actress and later as an adult, when she was sometimes billed by her married name Melanie Morse MacQuarrie. She received a scholarship at the age of 19 to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London. Her film work includes roles in Prom Night (1980) with Jamie Lee Curtis and Leslie Nielsen, as well as Murder by Phone (1982) with Richard Chamberlain. On stage, she performed in such diverse venues as stages in Boston, Massachusetts and the Stratford Festival of Canada, in productions including Peter Pan and Much Ado About Nothing. Her TV appearances include Noises in the Nursery, Drought, and the popular Canadian television series Street Legal. Death She died in Montague, Prince Edward Island, from a heart attack. She was 59 years old. She was survived by her husband, Donald, and two daughters, Vanessa Root Archer and Megan MacQuarrie, as well as her father and younger brother. Filmography References External links Website of Melanie Morse Website of Sydney Sturgess Website of Hayward Morse Official Website of Barry Morse 1945 births 2005 deaths Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art Canadian film actresses Actresses from London English film actresses English emigrants to Canada

5393672

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarke%20Ingram

Clarke Ingram

Clarke Ingram is a United States radio personality and programming executive. Ingram is best known in his home market (and hometown) of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Career Ingram was formerly the program director of two Pittsburgh stations, top 40 WBZZ (now KDKA-FM) and "Jammin' Oldies" WJJJ (now country WPGB). He also served as program director of top 40 stations WPXY in Rochester, New York and KRQQ in Tucson, Arizona, operations manager of top 40 KZZP in Phoenix, Arizona, and as an on-air personality at top 40 WHTZ (Z-100) in New York City and other radio stations including WBZZ, WWSW-FM, and the former WXKX/WHTX (now WKST-FM), all in Pittsburgh. He also was operations manager and program director at suburban WKHB/WKFB (owned by Broadcast Communications Inc.) for several years. While the bulk of Ingram's career was in top 40 radio, he moved into oldies in his later years, and hosted weekend oldies shows on WWSW-FM and WKHB. Saying it was "the first step on the road to my retirement", Ingram relinquished his remaining duties at Broadcast Communications Inc. in 2011. In 2013, Ingram returned to radio as consultant to Pittsburgh-area station WZUM, for which he developed an urban oldies format. Three years later, the station was sold and changed to a jazz format. In 2019, Ingram announced that "whatever time (he had) left on this earth" would be devoted to television history and preservation. With assistance from fellow historian Sean Cogan he launched a YouTube channel called "Free The Kinescopes", which features rarely seen TV shows. Awards and recognition In 1995, Ingram was named one of the top 40 "Top 40 DJs of All Time" (ranked #38) by Decalcomania, a radio enthusiasts' club publishing a monthly newsletter. The list was published in the New York Daily News on September 5, 1995. Ingram won radio industry "Program Director of the Year" awards three times, twice from the Gavin Seminar for Media Professionals, and once from the Bobby Poe Pop Music Survey. Other activities Ingram is recognized as an expert on the defunct DuMont Television Network. He maintained an extensive website devoted to the subject. Ingram was also a leading force in a grassroots protest to get the CBS Television Network to reconsider its cancellation of the program Jericho, which it announced in May 2007. Ingram was part of a group that organized jericholives.com, a website dedicated to saving the show, and was referred to as a "save-the-show campaign leader" by columnist Rob Owen of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. In response, the producers gave Ingram an onscreen tribute in the penultimate scene of the series' final episode in 2008. References External links Aircheck of Clarke Ingram on KZZP, Phoenix, August 1986, posted at airchexx.com Aircheck of Clarke Ingram on WKHB, Irwin, PA (serving the greater Pittsburgh market), posted at airchexx.com American radio personalities Living people American radio executives Year of birth missing (living people)

5393676

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framsden

Framsden

Framsden is a village and civil parish located around north of Ipswich and south of the small market town of Debenham in the English county of Suffolk. The total population of Framsden in the census of 2001 was 299, with 125 households, 52 people under 16 years, 201 of working age and 46 over 65 years, increasing to a population of 357 in 137 households at the 2011 Census. Geography The majority of homes are situated along Framsden Street, with smaller clusters at Peats Corner, along the A1120 and St John's Row, in addition to more scattered houses towards Otley and Cretingham. The B1077 runs through the west of the Parish, and the A1120 cuts across the north of the Parish. Framsden is mostly within the Helmingham Estate, and a lot of property is tenanted. These are traditional estate 2-bedroom cottages or large farmhouses. The estate cottages and school were designed 150 years ago by Lord John Tollemache, to provide dwellings for estate workers. Two cottages shared a bread oven, and each had an acre of land to grow food for the family and to fatten a pig. These cottages, once home to working families, are now described as 'quaint' and are mostly privately rented. The village has a public house and village hall as well as Helmingham Primary School and Old Schoolhouse Nursery. The parish church is dedicated to St Mary and a Baptist chapel is also located in the parish. In the middle of the 20th century Framsden had 2 blacksmiths, 2 butchers and an abattoir, 2 windmills, a carpenter, wheelwright, pony carts and hurdle maker, brickmaker, cobbler, grocers shop, a horse-drawn cart for transport to Ipswich, a 'carrier'- taking goods to and from Ipswich and a tailor at Hill House. The village shop and post office on the street closed in the early 1990s, and the village now has few basic services. All essential services can be accessed at Debenham, including the High School. History Oral History about Framsden has been captured by authors such as George Ewart Evans in Where Beards Wag All, by Robert Simper in Family Fields and more recently by a 'libraries and heritage' project to record interviews of Helmingham estate workers, such as the Clerk of Works and Farm Manager who were employed over 30 years ago. Another Framsden resident has had his reminiscences of early years as a gamekeeper published. Webster's Mill, Framsden is a landmark in the village. Natural environment The village is surrounded by arable farmland, much of which is managed by the Helmingham Estate. This includes preserving veteran trees, ancient hedgerows, old ponds and ancient meadows rich in plant and wildlife diversity. These achievements have been acknowledged by the estate farm winning the FWAG (Farming and Wildlife Advisory Group) Conservation Award for "high level of commitment shown to the principles and delivery of conservation, combined with good farming – an innovative approach to cultivations based on minimum tillage across the whole farm". Fox Fritillary Meadow nature reserve and Site of Special Scientific Interest is located to the north of the village. The reserve is managed by Suffolk Wildlife Trust and is a major site within East Anglia for snake's-head fritillary (Fritillaria meleagris). References External links Villages in Suffolk Mid Suffolk District Civil parishes in Suffolk

5393678

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm%20Gratton

Norm Gratton

Normand Lionel Gratton (December 22, 1950 – December 10, 2010) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He played six seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the New York Rangers, Atlanta Flames, Buffalo Sabres and Minnesota North Stars. He played 201 games in the NHL, scoring 39 goals and 44 assists. His brother Gilles also played in the NHL. He died in 2010 at the age of 59. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs See also List of family relations in the NHL References External links 1950 births 2010 deaths Atlanta Flames players Buffalo Sabres players Canadian ice hockey left wingers French Quebecers Ice hockey people from Quebec Maine Nordiques players Minnesota North Stars players Montreal Junior Canadiens players National Hockey League first round draft picks New York Rangers draft picks New York Rangers players People from LaSalle, Quebec Sportspeople from Montreal