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5393686 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20Bucks%20High%20School%20South | Central Bucks High School South | Central Bucks High School South, also known as CB South, is a public high school serving students in tenth through twelfth grades, one of three high schools in the Central Bucks School District. The school is located in Warrington, Pennsylvania in Bucks County.
As of the 2018-19 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,730 students and 103.95 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 16.64:1. There were 128 students (7.4% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 12 (0.6% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.
Completed in late 2004, the school opened in January 2005, so the first graduating class attended classes in the school only during the spring semester of that year. CB South is the most recent high school in the Central Bucks School District, following Central Bucks High School East and Central Bucks High School West. The high school hosts grades 10–12 and is built for just under 2,000 students. Its two feeder schools are Unami Middle School and Tamanend Middle School.
CB South is located on Folly Road. The school cost approximately $84 million to build and is the largest school in the Central Bucks School District.
Academics
CB South is ranked among the best high schools in Pennsylvania. CB South students consistently place in the top 10% of the state in test scoring. The majority of students (87.7%) are Caucasian, with 6.6% Asian, 2.2% African American, and 2.6% Hispanic. The school recently received a grant from the state which they used to place SmartBoards with projectors, new laptops and new supplies for every classroom. They spend about $9,500 on every student. Beginning in the 2019-2020 school year, after a successful pilot at Holicong Middle School, all sophomores and juniors received laptops as a part of the district’s 1:1 initiative for use in the classroom.
Athletics
CB South competes in the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association, in the Suburban One Conference. The School offers 22 sports both boys and girls, with strengths in football, field hockey, boys/girls indoor and outdoor track, boys/girls basketball, girls soccer, softball, wrestling, and ice hockey. In Central Bucks South's inaugural year of 2004, it received its first state championship, in men's swimming. The school perennially competes at the state level in field hockey, softball, and boys and girls track. The football and soccer programs have also been highly competitive, with both consistently reaching the playoffs. In 2012, the Central Bucks South softball team was the first team sport to bring a PIAA AAAA State Championship back to Warrington. The Central Bucks South Ice Hockey team won the AA State Championship in 2014 and 2016.
Societal impact
In 2015, CB South gained national attention when the students selected two of their classmates with Down syndrome as Homecoming King and Queen.
Notable alumni
Josh Adams, running back for the New Orleans Saints and Philanthropist.
Images
References
External links
Central Bucks South
Public high schools in Pennsylvania
Educational institutions established in 2004
Schools in Bucks County, Pennsylvania
2004 establishments in Pennsylvania |
5393692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Other%20People%27s%20Problems | Other People's Problems | Other People's Problems is the sole album by The Upper Room. It was released in the United Kingdom on 29 May 2006.
The album art, an image of the United Kingdom made up of green dots, was based on a survey taken of O2 customers. The size of the green dots indicates the percentage of people who have a garden in each area, and the shade represents the percentage of seasonal affective disorder sufferers in each area.
The tracks "All Over This Town" and "Black and White" were released as singles. "All Over This Town" reached number 38 in the UK singles chart, and "Black and White" reached 22.
Track listing
"All Over This Town" – 3:28
"Black and White" – 3:35
"Leave Me Alone" – 3:22
"Your Body" – 3:36
"Never Come Back" – 3:26
"Kill Kill Kill" – 3:03
"Portrait" – 3:04
"The Centre" – 3:14
"Once For Me" – 3:13
"Girl" – 3:56
"Combination" – 3:38
"It Began on Radio" – 3:34
References
Other People's Problems |
5393695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan%20American%20Institute%20of%20Geography%20and%20History | Pan American Institute of Geography and History | The Pan American Institute of Geography and History (PAIGH, - IPGH) is an international organisation dedicated to the generation and transference of knowledge specialized in the fields of cartography, geography, history and geophysics.
The institute was created on February 7, 1928, during a conference held in Havana. The city that was established to be the host was Mexico City. The Institute signed an agreement with the Organization of American States and became a specialized organization of the OAS; in 1974 this agreement was modified and signed.
PAIGH publishes the following academic journals:
Biannual publications
Revista Cartográfica
Revista Geográfica
Revista de Historia de América
Revista Geofísica
Annual publications
Boletín de Antropología Americana
Revista de Arqueología Americana y Folklore Americano
External links
Pan American Institute of Geography and History
Organization of American States
Geography organizations
History organizations based in Mexico
Cartography organizations
Geophysics organizations
International geographic data and information organizations |
5393699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20trilogy | Eugene trilogy |
The Eugene Trilogy refers to three plays written by Neil Simon, the "quasi-autobiographical trilogy" Brighton Beach Memoirs, Biloxi Blues and Broadway Bound.
History
The trilogy tells the story of Eugene Jerome from his adolescence in New York City, to his time spent in basic training in Biloxi, Mississippi during World War II, and finally to the beginning of his career as an aspiring comedy writer. The trilogy is a semi-autobiographical account of Neil Simon's own early life and career.
In an interview in 1986, Simon said: " 'Brighton Beach' was going to be another singular play....Again, I still hadn't thought of a trilogy. But I decided to take Eugene the next step chronologically in my life, which was the army. But even after I wrote 'Biloxi Blues', I still didn't think about a sequel, because if it turned out to be a bomb, why would one want to do a sequel? So I just waited to see what would happen. Well, Biloxi enjoyed enormous success, and I thought of a third part."
Stage
Brighton Beach Memoirs premiered on Broadway on March 22, 1983; Biloxi Blues premiered on Broadway on March 28, 1985 and Broadway Bound premiered on Broadway on December 4, 1986.
Film
Brighton Beach Memoirs and Biloxi Blues were made into films, while Broadway Bound was adapted as a made-for-TV movie. On screen the role of Eugene Jerome was played by Jonathan Silverman in Brighton Beach Memoirs (he also played Stanley in the film version of Broadway Bound), Matthew Broderick in Biloxi Blues (he also played Eugene in the Broadway productions of both Brighton Beach and Biloxi Blues), and Corey Parker in Broadway Bound.
References
External links
(archive)
(archive)
(archive)
Plays by Neil Simon |
5393705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty%20Sue%20Flowers | Betty Sue Flowers | Betty Sue Flowers is the former director of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum and an Emerita Professor of English at the University of Texas at Austin.
Flowers is a native Texan and graduated from the University of Texas and the University of London. She is the author of a number of texts, particularly relating to Christina Rossetti. She also edited the book and acted as a consultant to the 1988 documentary, The Power of Myth, a series of interviews between Joseph Campbell and Bill Moyers.
In the corporate world, Flowers has had a notable career as a veteran practitioner of scenario planning (a strategic foresight method) at Royal Dutch Shell.
She also coauthored the influential book Presence: Human Purpose and the Field of the Future (2004) together with Peter M. Senge, C. Otto Scharmer and Joseph Jaworski - a predecessor to Theory U: Leading From The Future As It Emerges.
She lives with former New Jersey Senator and NBA star Bill Bradley.
References
External links
Living people
Directors of museums in the United States
Women museum directors
University of Texas at Austin alumni
University of Texas at Austin faculty
People from Austin, Texas
Futurologists
American academics of English literature
Year of birth missing (living people)
Journalists from Texas |
5393710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Lester | Jim Lester | Sir James Theodore Lester (23 May 1932 – 31 October 2021) was a British Conservative Party politician.
Parliamentary career
Born in Nottingham in May 1932, Lester first stood for Parliament in a by-election at Bassetlaw in 1968, when he almost overturned a Labour majority of 10,428 votes, failing to beat Joe Ashton by just 740 votes. He contested the seat again at the 1970 general election, but Ashton stretched his advantage to 8,261 votes.
He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Beeston between February 1974 and 1983, then for Broxtowe until the 1997 election, when he lost his seat to Labour. During his time in the House of Commons, he served as a party whip and a junior employment minister.
Lester died on 31 October 2021, at the age of 89.
References
1932 births
2021 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Knights Bachelor
Politicians from Nottingham
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997 |
5393712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20Hill%20Manufacturing | Spring Hill Manufacturing | Spring Hill Manufacturing is a General Motors factory in Spring Hill, Tennessee. The plant currently includes vehicle assembly (Cadillac Lyriq, Cadillac XT5, Cadillac XT6, and GMC Acadia) as well as powertrain, stamping and molding operations. The plant originally operated as the sole manufacturing facility for Saturn Corporation.
History
On January 7, 1985, Saturn Corporation was formed as a subsidiary of General Motors to compete with Japanese imports, and shortly thereafter, began searching for a site for a manufacturing facility. Then-governor Lamar Alexander began encouraging GM to locate the plant in Tennessee. The site in Spring Hill was officially announced on July 26, 1985. At the time, Spring Hill was a predominantly agricultural community with a population of about 1,000. A payment in lieu of taxes agreement was negotiated with the state in September 1985, and that same month the Tennessee Department of Transportation announced plans to construct State Route 396 (Saturn Parkway), a long controlled access highway that connects the plant to Interstate 65, at a cost of $29.3 million. This was completed in 1989. Preliminary site work for the plant began in May 1986, and construction activities began two months later. The plant began operation on July 31, 1990, when the first vehicle was produced.
The decision to locate one factory as the source of Saturn vehicles was based on a tradition GM was founded on in 1909 with the core brands that came together to form GM. Chevrolet, Pontiac, Oldsmobile, Buick and Cadillac each had main factories where the cars originated from, then in 1933 branch assembly plants were established in major American cities and the branch assembly locations would receive knock-down kits from the main plants and locally assemble GM products to meet demand. The main facilities were Flint, Michigan for both Buick and Chevrolet; Oldsmobile at Lansing, Michigan; Pontiac at Pontiac, Michigan; and Cadillac at Detroit, Michigan. The approach for Saturn was to have one dedicated location where vehicles originated from one location as in the past with the legacy brands.
Manufacturing continued through March 2004 as the sole assembly plant overseen by the Saturn subsidiary. After the United Auto Workers ratified a new contract in March 2004, the plant became part of General Motors, but Saturn-only manufacturing lines continued until March 2007. The facility includes a four-cylinder engine assembly plant, auto assembly plant, paint and plastics plant, a Saturn parts warehouse, and a visitors center. In 2005, the plant had a yearly production of 198,142 vehicles. Harbour Consulting rated the Ion line as the tenth most efficient auto plant in North America in 2006.
After GM considered idling or shutting down the plant as part of its restructuring effort, it idled in March 2007 for a 1-year retooling project to produce the 2009 Chevrolet Traverse after receiving incentives from the State of Tennessee. Changes include adding metal stamping and removing the plastics plant (the Saturn production lines used plastic-based panels). General Motors has stated the plant will manufacture various GM vehicles and no longer be dedicated to Saturns.
The vehicle assembly part of the Spring Hill plant was idled in late 2009 when production of the Traverse was moved to Lansing Delta Township Assembly near Lansing, MI, while production of power trains and metal stamping continued. Nearly 2,500 Spring Hill auto workers were faced with lay-offs, buy-outs and early retirement. In September 2011, it was announced that the plant would end its period of idling. In November 2011, GM announced plans for retooling of the vehicle assembly portion of the plant for use as an "ultra-flexible" plant which will initially be used to build the Chevrolet Equinox but will be designed for rapid retooling to other vehicles of similar size.
In 2015, the plant announced that it would be reopening the entire plant's facilities, and would hire locally creating thousands of jobs for the surrounding area. General Motors looks to expand the plant's facilities and influence in the North American and Global Auto industries, and as of 2021, was the company's largest plant in North America.
In January 2019, General Motors said it has invested $2 billion into the complex since 2010. In October 2020, GM announced that it was investing another $2 billion in the plant to build electric vehicles including the Cadillac Lyriq.
Products
Current
Cadillac Lyriq (2022–present)
Cadillac XT5 (2016–present)
Cadillac XT6 (2019–present)
GMC Acadia (2016–present)
Former
Chevrolet Equinox (2013–2015)
Chevrolet Traverse (2008–2010)
Holden Acadia (2016–2021)
Saturn Ion (2002–2007)
Saturn S series (1990–2002)
Saturn Vue (2001–2007)
References
Bibliography
General Motors factories
Motor vehicle assembly plants in Tennessee
Buildings and structures in Maury County, Tennessee
1990 establishments in Tennessee
Saturn Corporation
Buildings and structures completed in 1990
Tourist attractions in Maury County, Tennessee |
5393729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed%20Ba%C5%BEdarevi%C4%87 | Mehmed Baždarević | Mehmed Baždarević (born 28 September 1960) is a Bosnian professional football manager and former player. He was most recently the manager of Ligue 2 club Guingamp.
Baždarević played for Bosnian side Željezničar and French outfit Sochaux, among others. Nicknamed Meša in the former Yugoslavia and Mécha in France, he is considered to be one of the best football players to come from Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Internationally, Baždarević earned caps with Yugoslavia and took part playing at UEFA Euro 1984. He also played for Bosnia and Herzegovina after the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1992. He was the first captain of the Bosnian national team. He retired as a player in 1998 and moved into management.
Club career
Željezničar
Born in Višegrad, FPR Yugoslavia, present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, Baždarević's professional playing career started in Željezničar in 1978. He was part of the team that managed to reach the UEFA Cup semi-finals in 1985 under the guidance of Ivica Osim.
In the 1980–81 season, Željezničar reached the Yugoslav Cup final (Marshal Tito Cup final), with 20-year-old Baždarević scoring two goals in a 2–3 loss to another Bosnian side Velež Mostar. The venue of the final was Red Star Stadium in Belgrade played in front of 40,000 football fans.
Baždarević played more than 300 games for the club.
Sochaux
In 1987, Baždarević moved to French club Sochaux alongside compatriot Faruk Hadžibegić. He stayed at the club until 1996. He collected more than 350 appearances for Sochaux in various competitions.
Later career and retirement
After Željezničar and Sochaux, Baždarević played for Nîmes (1996–97 season) and Swiss side Étoile Carouge (1997–98 season) before he announced his retirement in the summer of 1998.
As a player, Baždarević was targeted by many clubs including Barcelona, Arsenal and Borussia Dortmund.
International career
Baždarević played for the national teams of two countries. He played for the Yugoslavia junior, Olympic and under-21 teams. He captained the under-20 national team that took part in the 1979 FIFA World Youth Championship. His debut for the senior Yugoslav national team came in 1983 in a friendly match against France. He collected 54 caps and scored four goals for the national team. He represented the Yugoslavia at UEFA Euro 1984 playing in all the team's games at the tournament.
Baždarević began to play for the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team in 1992 after Bosnia and Herzegovina gained independence. However, the team was not recognised by FIFA until 1995 in part due to the Bosnian War. He made his official debut for them in a September 1996 FIFA World Cup qualification match away against Greece and has earned a total of 2 caps, scoring no goals. His second and final international was a month later against Croatia.
Managerial career
Early career
From 1 July 1998 to 30 June 2003, Baždarević worked as Sochaux assistant manager to Jean Fernandez and Guy Lacombe before taking over as manager of reserve sides at the club.
Istres
Baždarević's first job as a manager was at Istres. He guided the club to its biggest success – entering the French Ligue 1 in 2004, which secured him a best Ligue 2 Manager of the Year award.
Étoile
On 16 July 2005, Baždarević took over Tunisian side Étoile du Sahel. He reached the 2005 CAF Champions League final with the club. Baždarević was fired by Etoile on 12 April 2006, after a 1–0 home defeat to USM Monastir in their final league game which cost them the Tunisian championship.
Al-Wakrah
Baždarević was employed as manager of Qatar Stars League club Al-Wakrah in 2006.
Grenoble
In December 2007, Baždarević became the manager of French side Grenoble where he arrived on recommendation of his mentor, Ivica Osim, who knew Grenoble's Japanese owners from working with them in J.League with JEF United Chiba. He rejected offers from top league clubs Le Mans and Nice to take over Grenoble. At the end of the 2007–08 Ligue 2 season, Grenoble, led by Baždarević, gained promotion to the Ligue 1, for the first time in their history. Under Baždarević, the club reached the French Cup semi-finals during the 2008–09 season.
In September 2010, he left Grenoble due to financial reasons.
Sochaux
On 10 June 2011, Baždarević was named as manager of Sochaux, for which he played as a player. He was sacked on 6 March 2012, due to poor results after only 8 months in charge.
After Sochaux, he had interest to manage clubs from Serbia and Belgium.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
On 13 December 2014, Baždarević was named head coach of the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team, beating Milovan Rajevac for the position. Among other candidates were Vahid Halilhodžić, Igor Štimac, and Felix Magath. He replaced Safet Sušić, who was sacked by N/FSBiH due to a run of poor results in the UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying having only taken two points in four matches. Bosnia and Herzegovina improved considerably under Baždarević and reached the play-off stage for Euro 2016, where they were unfortunately eliminated by the Republic of Ireland with a 3–1 aggregate score. In the aftermath, Miroslav "Ćiro" Blažević, former national team head coach and successful manager, blamed Baždarević for Bosnia's elimination against the Republic of Ireland.
On 9 November 2015, the Bosnian FA extended the contract with Baždarević till after the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifier campaign. He won his first managerial trophy with Bosnia and Herzegovina after beating Japan 2–1 in the 2016 Kirin Cup final.
After not qualifying for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, Baždarević's contract expired and shortly after was left of his duties as the head coach after three years in charge.
Paris FC
On 15 June 2018, Baždarević was named manager of Ligue 2 club Paris FC on a two-year contract. In his first season, the French team finished on a good 4th place. However, on 30 December 2019, Baždarević was sacked due to poor results in the following season.
Guingamp
On 30 August 2020, Baždarević was hired as the new manager of Guingamp until 2022. On 1 February 2021, he terminated his contract with the club due to poor results.
Personal life
Baždarević's wife, Marina Baždarević, was born in Belgrade, Serbia. He met his wife in 1979 on an airplane from Japan going back to Belgrade. Nine months later, they met again on another flight from Tunisia to Belgrade and after the second meeting they started dating. Their daughter, Téa Baždarević, works as a journalist in France.
Career statistics
International goals
Scores and results list Yugoslavia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Baždarević goal.
Managerial statistics
Honours
Player
Sochaux
Ligue 2: 1987–88 (Group A)
Yugoslavia
Summer Olympics third place: 1984
Manager
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Kirin Cup: 2016
Individual
Bosnian Manager of the Year: 2008
Ligue 2 Manager of the Year: 2004
In popular culture
Baždarević's international career is remembered for his spitting on Turkish referee Yusuf Namoğlu during a qualifying match for the 1990 FIFA World Cup, against Norway, which was played in Sarajevo. Baždarević was banned from the 1990 FIFA World Cup for the incident. Yugoslavia reached the quarter-finals at the tournament.
Baždarević again missed a major tournament, this time the entire Yugoslav team was excluded from taking part in UEFA Euro 1992, having already qualified, because of UN sanctions due to the Yugoslav Wars. Denmark instead took their place and, ironically, won the 1992 championship. On 14 November 1990, Baždarević scored a goal against Denmark in Copenhagen during the qualification for the tournament.
During the early 1990s, a Yugoslav sketch comedy TV show, Top lista nadrealista, made Baždarević a popular figure, due to the spitting incident on the Turkish referee.
References
External links
1960 births
Living people
People from Višegrad
Bosniaks of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Association football midfielders
Yugoslav footballers
Yugoslavia international footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina international footballers
Dual internationalists (football)
Olympic footballers of Yugoslavia
Olympic bronze medalists for Yugoslavia
Footballers at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in football
UEFA Euro 1984 players
FK Željezničar Sarajevo players
FC Sochaux-Montbéliard players
Nîmes Olympique players
Étoile Carouge FC players
Yugoslav First League players
Ligue 2 players
Ligue 1 players
Swiss Super League players
Yugoslav expatriate footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in France
Yugoslav expatriate sportspeople in France
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in France
Expatriate footballers in Switzerland
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Bosnia and Herzegovina football managers
FC Istres managers
Étoile Sportive du Sahel managers
Al-Wakrah SC managers
Grenoble Foot 38 managers
FC Sochaux-Montbéliard managers
Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team managers
Paris FC managers
En Avant Guingamp managers
Ligue 2 managers
Ligue 1 managers
Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 managers
Qatar Stars League managers
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in France
Expatriate football managers in Tunisia
Expatriate football managers in Qatar
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Qatar |
5393735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Jos%C3%A9%20del%20Valle | San José del Valle | San José del Valle is a municipality located in the province of Cádiz, southern Spain.
References
External links
San José del Valle - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía
Municipalities of the Province of Cádiz |
5393740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violine | Violine | Violine is a French comic book series, as well as the name of its main character, created by Didier "Tronchet" Vasseur and Fabrice Tarrin, for the Spirou magazine.
Synopsis
Violine is a young girl with a special power: a stare from her large violet eyes allows her to read one's thoughts and intentions. She lives in a mansion with her wealthy and domineering mother, who is somehow immune to this power. Her mother claims that Violine's father has died when she was three, but after finding evidence to the contrary, Violine embarks to Africa as a stowaway in search for him.
Published volumes
Les Yeux de la tête (2001) – story by Tronchet and Fabrice Tarrin, art and coloring by Fabrice Tarrin
Le Mauvais œil (2002) – story by Tronchet and Fabrice Tarrin, art by Fabrice Tarrin, coloring by Audre Jardel
Le bras de fer (2006) – story by Tronchet and Fabrice Tarrin, art by Fabrice Tarrin and Jean-Marc Krings, coloring by Cyril Lieron
La caverne de l'oubli (2006) – story by Tronchet, art by Jean-Marc Krings, coloring by Cyril Lieron
La Maison piège (2007) – story by Tronchet, art by Jean-Marc Krings, coloring by Cyril Lieron
External links
Official site
French comic strips
2001 comics debuts
French comics characters
Fictional French people
Child characters in comics
Comics about women
Dupuis titles
Comics characters introduced in 2001
Adventure comics |
5393751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acme%20Boots | Acme Boots | Acme Boots was the name of a company that produced boots. It eventually just became a brand name, and was last owned by H.H. Brown, until it was placed under their Double-H Boots brand label.
History
During the Great Depression, two Chicago shoe manufacturers, Jessel Cohn and his son, Sidney, decided to move their children's and infants' shoemaking plant from Chicago, Illinois to Clarksville, Tennessee. They set up their business in a two-story brick building on Crossland Avenue and called it the Acme Shoe Manufacturing Company. They hired 100 employees and began producing sandal-like footwear for children and infants under the name Just-Kids. The Cohns continued their children's business until 1935, when the senior Cohn returned home from a business trip to Texas. Shortly after, the Cohns dropped their children's footwear line in favor of making western boots and renamed the company Acme Boots. In the 1940s, Acme Boots became the largest maker of cowboy boots and remained the world's largest until the mid-1980s.
Acme Boots has since been held by various corporations, including Arena Brands of Dallas, Texas, which licensed the Acme Brand to the Texas Boot Company of Lebanon, Tennessee, in 2000. In 2002, Texas Boot put the Acme Boot brand up for sale, where it was purchased by H.H. Brown, a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway, and placed under the Double-H Boots brand label, where it remains today.
References
External links
H. H. Brown Corporate Division website
Shoe companies of the United States
Clothing companies established in 1929
Companies based in Chicago
Berkshire Hathaway |
5393755 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronverkskoye%20Municipal%20Okrug | Kronverkskoye Municipal Okrug | Kronverkskoye Municipal Okrug () is a municipal okrug of Petrogradsky District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. Population:
The okrug borders Bolshoy Avenue in the north, Kamenny Island Avenue in the east, the Neva River in the south, and Vvdenskaya Street and Kronverksky Avenue in the west.
Places of interest include the Peter and Paul Fortress, Leningrad Zoo, and the Artillery Museum.
References
Petrogradsky District |
5393765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amvrosiivka | Amvrosiivka | Amvrosiivka or Amvrosievka (, ; ) is a city and was the administrative center of Amvrosiivka Raion in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. , the population was approximately
It is currently occupied by Russian and Donetsk People's Republic forces.
History
It was first founded in 1869 as a train station settlement on the Kursk-Kharkiv-Azov Railway, and it received city status in 1938. Since 1896, a cement factory is located within the city, and cement production has been the dominant industry of the city. Also located within the city was a history museum, industrial technical school, 6 schools, 11 libraries, 9 hospitals, a pharmacy, a movie theater, a club, and a sport stadium.
The city's population peaked at approximately 24,400 in 1979. By 2020, the State Statistics Service of Ukraine estimated the population has decreased to
On July 15, 2014, two Ukrainian soldiers were killed and eight wounded when Amvrosiivka was hit by several "Grad" rockets.
On August 18, 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, a large Russian ammunition store in Amvrosiivka was attacked causing many explosions and fires that burned for several hours. After 2:30 am local time, there were "massive explosions [followed by] multiple secondary detonations."
Climate
Demographics
Native language as of the Ukrainian Census of 2001:
Russian 71.3%
Ukrainian 27.9%
Armenian 0.3%
References
External links
Cities in Donetsk Oblast
Don Host Oblast
Populated places established in 1869
Cities of district significance in Ukraine
Populated places established in the Russian Empire
1869 establishments in the Russian Empire
Buildings and structures destroyed during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Donetsk Raion |
5393770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Zupcic | Bob Zupcic | Robert Zupcic (born August 18, 1966) is a former professional baseball outfielder. He played four seasons in Major League Baseball for the Boston Red Sox (1991–94) and Chicago White Sox (1994). He batted and threw right-handed.
In his career, Zupcic posted a .250 batting average with seven home run and 80 runs batted in in 319 games played. Despite only hitting seven home runs in his career, Zupcic's greatest accomplishment may have been hitting two grand slams during his rookie season of 1992. As of 2011, the only other Red Sox players to have accomplished this feat are Ellis Burks and Ryan Kalish (in 1987 and 2010 respectively).
Career
Pre-professional
Zupcic attended Bishop Egan (now Conwell-Egan) High School in Fairless Hills, Pennsylvania and Oral Roberts University. In 1985, Zupcic was awarded Baseball America's Summer Player of the Year Award after playing for the Liberal BeeJays in the Jayhawk League, a summer collegiate league in Kansas and Missouri.
Major League Baseball
The Boston Red Sox selected Zupcic in the first round of the 1987 amateur draft (32nd pick overall). Over the next few years, Zupcic slowly made his way up the ranks of the Red Sox farm system, with stops at Elmira, Lynchburg, New Britain, and Pawtucket.
In 1991, Zupcic was a late season callup for the Red Sox. He made his major league debut at Fenway Park on September 7, 1991, as a pinch runner and defensive replacement in a win against the Seattle Mariners. Two weeks later, he hit his first home run, against the New York Yankees. Zupcic wore #16 during this stint.
In 1992, under new Red Sox manager Butch Hobson, Zupcic made the team in spring training. For the rest of his Boston career he would wear #28. Injuries to starting outfielders Burks, Mike Greenwell, and other key players resulted in the Red Sox finishing in last place in the AL East. However, it did give Zupcic the opportunity to start regularly. He made the most of the chance, hitting .276, and started at all three outfield positions, collecting 11 outfield assists in 124 games.
Zupcic's defensive abilities caught the attention of longtime Boston Globe sportswriter Bob Ryan. On September 13, 1992, Zupcic climbed the bullpen railing in center field and robbed Detroit Tigers catcher Mickey Tettleton of a home run. Ryan called the play "as good a CF grab as I've seen in 41 years of Fenway watching."
In 1993, Zupcic continued to make starts at all the outfield spots. However, he proved not to be an offensive threat, and Zupcic shared playing time with a number of other players. He finished the year at .241 with only two home runs and 26 RBI.
The next season, Zupcic could not find a spot on the team. After making just four appearances in the first month, Zupcic was placed on waivers by the Red Sox. The Chicago White Sox claimed him on May 5, 1994. Zupcic made his White Sox debut on May 14 with a pinch-hit RBI single against the Texas Rangers. Over the next couple of months, Zupcic made occasional outfield starts in place of regulars Tim Raines and Darrin Jackson. He also made his first major league appearances at first base and third base. He wore #43 that season.
Zupcic played his final game on August 4, 1994, and the Major League Baseball strike resulted in the cancellation of the remainder of the season, the playoffs, and World Series.
Later years
In 1995, Zupcic was released by the White Sox. He started the 1995 season playing with the Independent Northern League's Duluth–Superior Dukes, then moved to Triple A affiliates of the Florida Marlins and White Sox, the Charlotte Knights and the Nashville Sounds. He hit a combined .291 for the three teams with 14 home runs. In 1996, Zupcic played in 44 games with the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons, the Triple A team for the Philadelphia Phillies before playing four games with the Kansas City Royals Triple A Omaha Royals. He hit .230 for the two teams in 48 combined games with two home runs. Zupcic attended spring training with the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1997 but was released before opening day.
After a brief stint in the Mexican League with the Broncos de Reynosa, Zupcic moved to the independent Northeast League in 1997, playing for and coaching the Bangor Blue Ox. Zupcic played in only 25 of the team's 83 games, batting .195 and hitting three home runs. He retired after suffering a back injury.
Personal
Zupcic is married with four children and lives in North Carolina.
He is currently working as a General Manager of a wholesale car dealership in Fort Mill, South Carolina.
References
External links
Bob Zupcic at SoSH Wiki
phillyBurbs.com: Where are they now?
1966 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
American people of Croatian descent
Bangor Blue Ox players
Baseball players from Pittsburgh
Broncos de Reynosa players
Boston Red Sox players
Charlotte Knights players
Chicago White Sox players
Duluth-Superior Dukes players
Elmira Pioneers players
Lynchburg Red Sox players
Major League Baseball outfielders
Nashville Sounds players
New Britain Red Sox players
Omaha Royals players
Oral Roberts Golden Eagles baseball players
Pawtucket Red Sox players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons players |
5393776 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Branch%20Ashuelot%20River | South Branch Ashuelot River | The South Branch of the Ashuelot River is a river located in southwestern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Ashuelot River, itself a tributary of the Connecticut River, which flows to Long Island Sound.
The South Branch begins in the town of Troy, New Hampshire, at the confluence of Rockwood Brook and Quarry Brook. The river flows in a zigzag manner northwest, then southwest, then north to the Ashuelot River in Swanzey. On the river's northwest-flowing leg, it drops rapidly as it cuts a deep, narrow valley through the highlands of Troy and Marlborough. New Hampshire Route 12 and an abandoned railroad line follow the river along this section. When the river turns southwest, the valley widens, except for a brief section where the river passes the village of East Swanzey. The final, north-flowing leg of the river is through a broad, flat intervale, where the river makes numerous tight meanders.
See also
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
Rivers of New Hampshire
Tributaries of the Connecticut River
Rivers of Cheshire County, New Hampshire |
5393782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delroy%20Facey | Delroy Facey | Delroy Michael Facey (born 22 April 1980) is a British-Grenadian former professional footballer who played as a striker. Facey played for Huddersfield Town, Bolton Wanderers, Bradford City, Burnley, West Bromwich Albion, Hull City, Oldham Athletic, Tranmere Rovers, Rotherham United, Gillingham, Wycombe Wanderers, Notts County, Lincoln City, Hereford United and Albion Sports. In April 2015, Facey was jailed for two-and-a-half years for match fixing.
Football career
Huddersfield Town
Born in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England, Facey began his career at Huddersfield Town, joined as an apprentice in April 1996 and turning professional in May 1997. He went on to become a first team regular, playing over fifty league games and getting fifteen goals. Facey broke into the first team during the 1998–99 season after beginning his career as a trainee with his hometown club. He made most of his appearances from the bench for the first team until Lou Macari handed him his chance in December 2000. He earned an extended run in the side and scored 10 goals in 21 full starts and one as a substitute to finish the 2000–01 campaign as joint top-scorer alongside Kevin Gallen. Facey went on to make an extra 15 league appearances for Huddersfield in the 2001–02 season, before leaving the club to join Premier League side Bolton Wanderers.
Bolton Wanderers
On 19 June 2002, Facey agreed a two-year contract to join Bolton Wanderers. As Facey was under the age of 24, then, under the Bosman ruling, Huddersfield were entitled to compensation for him; a tribunal held on 15 August 2002 decided that Bolton Wanderers should pay an initial £100,000 for Facey plus £50,000 for every five games, up to a maximum of 25 games, that he played for the club with the club also receiving a sell on clause of 15% of any fee that Bolton could receive for him.
After playing him in ten matches in the Premier League for Bolton (scoring twice), Allardyce decided that the young centre-forward was not yet ready for first team football and so sent him out on loan to Bradford City (where he scored on his debut against Wimbledon) and then Burnley during the 2002–03 season. Whilst on loan at these two clubs he exhibited his strength and speed, grabbing six goals and managing to score a hat-trick in a 3–1 home win for Burnley against Walsall.
West Bromwich Albion
This was not enough to convince Bolton to play Facey regularly, and so he moved to West Bromwich Albion in January 2004. Again he made only a limited impact, with only two league starts, and was released at the end of his short-term contract.
Hull City
He then signed a twelve-month contract with Hull City.
On 26 February 2005 he joined Huddersfield Town on a one-month loan deal. After a short and unspectacular spell at the Galpharm Stadium he left the club.
Oldham Athletic
On 24 March 2005 he joined Oldham Athletic, signing an 18-month deal with the club.
Tranmere Rovers
On 31 August 2005 he moved to Tranmere Rovers, agreeing a deal until the end of the 2005–06 season. In his first season at Prenton Park, Facey secured a first team slot and managed to find the scoresheet fairly regularly, scoring eight league goals.
Rotherham United
Following his release from Prenton Park at the end of the 2005–06 season, Facey signed for League One club Rotherham United. He added considerable force to his new club's attack, scoring eleven goals in 36 league appearances. He hit an excellent run of form in March 2007, scoring four goals in three matches.
Gillingham
On 20 June 2007, chairman Paul Scally confirmed that Facey had signed for Gillingham. On 27 March 2008, Facey signed on loan for Wycombe Wanderers until the end of the season. He scored against former club Bradford in the last game of the season to help them qualify for the play-offs, where his goal against Stockport County in the semi final was not enough to put them through to the final. He was transfer listed by Gillingham on 5 June 2008. Two months later his contract was terminated by mutual consent. Later the same day he left the club.
Notts County
Facey signed for Notts County of Football League Two. He made his debut for County against Bradford City, a club where he played on loan, in their 2–1 defeat on the opening day of the 2008–09 season.
In November 2009, Facey signed a loan deal with Lincoln City, scoring his first and only goal for the club against Chesterfield. The loan lasted until 2 January 2010.
In March 2010, a group of Notts County fans attempted to make the 19 March "Delroy Facey Day". However, as no request was formally submitted to Nottingham City Council or Parliament, the day has no legal standing, and cannot be declared and was not formally recognised. In 2010, he was part of the Notts County team that won the Football League Two title.
On 10 May 2010 it was announced that he had been released by Notts County along with 7 other players.
Lincoln City
In July 2010 he signed a deal with Lincoln City.
In March, he dislocated his shoulder, an injury which kept him out for the rest of the season. This injury hit Lincoln especially hard as Facey was at the time club captain and been an inspiration to the team. He had been made captain on 15 January for a match against his former club Wycombe. Lincoln lost that match, after which they were bottom of the League Two table. Facey kept the captaincy though and Lincoln went on to win eight of their next fifteen matches, leading Lincoln up to fourteenth in the table. After dislocating his shoulder in the dying minutes of a draw against Macclesfield, however, and subsequently missing the rest of the season, Lincoln's form dropped severely, earning only one point from their remaining ten fixtures, seeing them relegated on the last day of the season.
In May 2011 he was not offered a new contract after a mass clear out of players following the club's relegation from the Football League.
Hereford United
Facey signed a one-year deal with Hereford United on 17 June 2011. After Hereford's relegation, Facey was not offered a new contract.
Albion Sports
During the 2013–14 season Facey joined Non-league side Albion Sports.
International career
In 2009, Facey received a call up to play for Grenada and train with them in preparation for the 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup. He was in line to receive his first cap in a friendly against Panama, but after Grenada's pitch was found to be unsuitable the friendly was called off. He was later named in Grenada's squad for the Gold Cup and made his international debut on 8 July in Grenada's second group match against Honduras. Facey qualifies for Grenada through his mother, who was born on the island. He was also eligible to represent Jamaica (where his father was born) and Trinidad and Tobago (where one of his grandparents was born), even earning a call up to play for the Reggae Boyz, which he could not accept due to a broken ankle. Facey added to his caps during the 2010 Digicel Caribbean Cup, scoring twice for Grenada against St. Kitts and Nevis.
Personal life
He is the older brother of Ossett Town and fellow Grenadan International striker Danny Facey.
Port Vale and Montserrat international midfielder Anthony Griffith is a cousin of Facey's.
In March 2010 he was rumoured to be involved in a stabbing in Huddersfield. After being interviewed by the police no charges were brought against him and he was released uncharged. Notts County chairman Ray Trew said it was a case of 'wrong place at the wrong time'.
In November 2013 Facey was arrested, along with five others, on suspicion of match fixing. In April 2015, Facey, with Moses Swaibu, appeared at Birmingham Crown Court in connection with a match-fixing charge. On 29 April 2015, Facey was found guilty of match fixing and jailed for two-and-a-half years.
References
External links
Profile at Yahoo! Sport
1980 births
Living people
2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Albion Sports A.F.C. players
Association football forwards
Bolton Wanderers F.C. players
Bradford City A.F.C. players
Burnley F.C. players
English criminals
English Football League players
English footballers
English sportspeople of Grenadian descent
Footballers from Huddersfield
Gillingham F.C. players
Grenada international footballers
Grenadian footballers
Hereford United F.C. players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Notts County F.C. players
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players
Premier League players
Prisoners and detainees of England and Wales
Rotherham United F.C. players
Sportspeople involved in betting scandals
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Wycombe Wanderers F.C. players |
5393790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigate%20tuna | Frigate tuna | The frigate tuna, frigate mackerel or alagaduwa (Auxis thazard) is a species of tuna, in the family Scombridae, found around the world in tropical oceans. The eastern Pacific population is now regarded as a separate species by some authorities, Auxis brachydorax.
References
Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox, Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand, (William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1982)
frigate tuna
Pantropical fauna
frigate tuna
Taxa named by Bernard Germain de Lacépède |
5393791 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapniarka | Vapniarka | Vapniarka (), also known as Vapniarca, Vapnyarka, Wapnjarka or Wapniarka, is an urban-type settlement in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine, known since 1870 as a railroad station. Its name from the Ukrainian language translates as a lime (gypsum) settlement. Population:
During World War II, following the start of Operation Barbarossa, Vapniarka was administered by Romania. From October 22, 1941, to March 1944, it was included in the region of Transnistria and became the site for a concentration camp for members of the Romanian Jewish community. This succession of events formed a part of the Holocaust in Romania.
Today, Vapniarka serves as the final train destination for visitors traveling to villages in Tomashpilskyi and Yampilskyi Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast. From here, buses or private transportation are used to get to villages like Busha, Dzyhivka, Olhopil, Tomashpil, and Sobolivka.
World War II camp
In October 1941, the Romanians established a detention camp in Vapniarka. One thousand Jews were brought to the site that month, mostly from the city of Odessa. Some 200 died in a typhus epidemic; the others were taken out of the camp in two batches, guarded by soldiers of the Romanian Gendarmerie, and shot to death.
References
External links
Nizkor Project Tesimony of a camp inmate
Shoah Resource Center - Yad Vashem Personal artifacts from camp inmates, including Vapniarka
Local site in Ukrainian about modern Vapniarka
Urban-type settlements in Vinnytsia Oblast
Holocaust locations in Ukraine |
5393799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Swords%20Trilogy | The Swords Trilogy | The Swords Trilogy is a series of fantasy novels by Michael Moorcock about Corum Jhaelen Irsei, an aspect of the Eternal Champion. It consists of three books published in 1971: The Knight of the Swords, The Queen of the Swords, and The King of the Swords. In the UK the trilogy has been published under the titles The Swords of Corum, Corum, and most recently Corum: The Prince in the Scarlet Robe (volume 30 of Orion's Fantasy Masterworks series). The Swords Trilogy is the original title in the US where it has more recently been published as Corum: The Coming of Chaos. It is followed by a second trilogy about Corum, The Prince with the Silver Hand (US title: The Chronicles of Corum).
Plot summary
The Knight of the Swords
The Knight of the Swords is the first appearance of Corum, last survivor of the Vadhagh race. After his family is butchered by a group of Mabden (men) led by the savage Earl Glandyth-a-Krae, Corum tries to take revenge, but is captured instead; his hand is cut off and his eye put out before he escapes. He goes to Moidel's Castle, where he is taken in by a very different sort of Mabden, the Margravine Rhalina. Corum and Rhalina fall in love, but their romance is interrupted when Glandyth leads an assault on the castle. Rhalina uses sorcery (which Corum had never believed in) to summon a ship of the dead which drives off the barbarians. However the bargain required means that she must go with the ship's captain. Corum joins them and the ship takes them to the island of Shool, a near immortal and mad sorcerer who takes Rhalina hostage.
Shool trades Corum two artifacts to replace his lost hand and eye, the Hand of Kwll and the Eye of Rhynn. The Eye allows Corum to see into an undead netherworld; the Hand serves to summon the last beings killed by Corum, to fight for him. Shool explains that Corum's ill fortune has been caused by a Greater God, Arioch, one of the Sword Rulers. When Arioch and his fellow Chaos Lords conquered the Fifteen Planes, the balance between the forces of Law and Chaos tipped in favor of Chaos. Corum is sent to steal the Heart of Arioch, which will give the sorcerer power to become a great god himself. After an adventurous journey which teaches him more about the metaphysics of Chaos, Corum reaches Arioch's palace. There he finds the Heart, at which point Shool's unknowing role as an agent of Arioch is revealed. The Hand of Kwll crushes the heart, killing Arioch. Corum returns to the island to rescue Rhalina. As it turns out, Shool's powers were entirely of Arioch's gift, so he can no longer threaten Rhalina or Corum. The couple return to their home on Moidel's Mount.
The Queen of the Swords
In the planes over which she rules, Xiombarg—a Greater God and one of the Lords of Chaos, known as the "Queen of the Swords"—is winning the battle against the humanoid inhabitants. She continues the fight in Corum's plane, sending Prince Gaynor the Damned to direct the barbarian armies.
Corum, with Jhary-a-Conel and Rhalina, crosses the planes and find a world claimed by Chaos with plains of dried blood and other outlandish geography. They meet the King Without A Country, the last of his people who is seeking the City in the Pyramid. They find the city which turns out to be a floating one that originated in Corums own world - and the inhabitants are his kin. The city is under intermittent attack and for the moment its superior technology defends it. It could return to Corum's world but needs special minerals to provide sufficient energy. They are able to send Corum and his companions back to seek the minerals in his own world. There he finds the last human city under threat from a monstrous army of barbarians and chaos allies. He seeks out Gaynor and defeats him in single combat. With Gaynor banished the barbarian armies are largely leaderless but still a terrible threat. Arkyn, a lord of law, supplies the materials needed and they are sent back to Xiombarg's worlds. At the same time the barbarian armies crash against the last city standing. At the last moment the Sky city comes between the planes to help the defenders. Driven by anger Xiombarg follows the Floating city through the rift between the planes. This is in violation of the Cosmic Balance and the balance sends her back and restores Donblas, Arkyn's brother lord of law. The sky ships of the City destroy the barbarian armies with their wondrous weapons.
The King of the Swords
Corum's peace is destroyed by a great spell - the cloud of contention - that sets everyone against each other. The inhabitants of the Sky city turn on each other. The forces of Law are broken again.
Corum and his companions travel in a sky boat across the planes. Rhalina is taken by the King of Swords. In trying to get back to his own planes and time he meets two other aspects of the eternal Champion Elric and Erekose all three seeking Tanelorn. Corum and Jhary arrive at their version of Tanelorn and find one of the "Lost Gods", Kwll, imprisoned there. Corum offers Kwll back his hand, which will free him, in return for help against Mabelode. Freed, Kwll disowns any bargain - he and his brother are above all including the law of the balance - but is persuaded to help. Taking them directly to Mabelode, Kwll destroys the King of Swords and his Dukes. In the end, Kwll is reunited with Rhynn, who was the wading god all this time. Together, they have also destroyed the Lords of Law, leaving humanity to shape its own destinies.
Reception
Dave Langford reviewed The Swords Trilogy for White Dwarf #81, and stated that "Michael Moorcock's peculiar brand of sword-and-sorcery is also lightweight, but with above-normal inventiveness, a touch of surrealism, and a good line in doomed Byronic heroes".
Reviews
Review by Terry Broome (1986) in Vector 134
Review by Chris Hart (1993) in Vector 172
Review by uncredited (2002) in Vector 225
References
1971 novels
American fantasy novel series
British fantasy novel series
Fantasy novel trilogies
Michael Moorcock's Multiverse
Novels by Michael Moorcock |
5393802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Ahrens%20%28ice%20hockey%29 | Chris Ahrens (ice hockey) | Christopher Alfred Ahrens (born July 31, 1952) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman who played six seasons in the National Hockey League for the Minnesota North Stars, and four games in the WHA with the Edmonton Oilers.
Ahrens was born in San Bernardino, California, and grew up in Freeport, New York.
Playing career
Ahrens was drafted in the fifth round, 76th overall in the 1972 NHL Entry Draft by the Minnesota North Stars. Chris played the majority of his professional career in the minor leagues (AHL, CHL), interspersed with 53 games, over 6 seasons, with the North Stars, as well as 4 games with the Edmonton Oilers in the World Hockey Association.
Career statistics
External links
Ahrens at Hockeydraftcentral.com
1952 births
American men's ice hockey defensemen
Cleveland Barons (1937–1973) players
Edmonton Oilers (WHA) players
Fort Worth Texans players
Ice hockey players from California
Jacksonville Barons players
Kitchener Rangers players
Living people
Minnesota North Stars draft picks
Minnesota North Stars players
New Haven Nighthawks players
Rhode Island Reds players
Sportspeople from San Bernardino, California |
5393808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KBVB | KBVB | KBVB (95.1 FM, "Bob 95 FM") is a radio station broadcasting a country format. Licensed to Barnesville, Minnesota, it serves the Fargo-Moorhead metropolitan area. It first began broadcasting in 1980 under the call sign KDLM-FM on 95.3 Detroit Lakes, Minnesota. The station is currently owned by James and Brooke Ingstad, through licensee Radio Fargo-Moorhead, Inc. All the offices and studios are located at 2720 7th Ave. South in Fargo, while its transmitter is located on U.S. Route 75 just south of Moorhead.
History
95.1 began its life around 1980 as KDLM-FM on the 95.3 frequency licensed to Detroit Lakes, Minnesota. The station was purchased from Leighton Broadcasting in 1995 by MidStates Broadcasting, a division of OtterTail Power Company. At that time the studio was moved in with new sister-stations KFGO/KFGO-FM and KVOX/KVOX-FM. KDLM moved to the 95.1 frequency and underwent a format flip to alternative rock as "95X" under the call letter KFGX. This format was relatively short lived as the station transitioned to Adult Contemporary in 1997, then mainstream rock as "Rock 95" in 1998. MidStates Broadcasting was later bought out by James Ingstad in 1999.
Clear Channel Communications bought Ingstad's Fargo stations in 2000, and debuted River 95.1 debuted with an adult contemporary format. KRVI tweaked to its current AAA format in 2003, similar to that of co-owned KTCZ "Cities 97" in Minneapolis, Minnesota. After success with the AAA format on Cities 97 in Minneapolis, Clear Channel recreated the format in Fargo and several other markets. These stations tend to draw in a large middle aged, well-educated audience which made them appealing to advertisers and profitable, despite the fact that they may not have had large overall audiences. River 95.1 also annually aired Christmas music after Thanksgiving until Christmas Day.
On September 28, 2006, KRVI and the other Clear Channel stations in Fargo were sold back to James Ingstad, who lives in Fargo. (He previously did not own KDAM, as didn't sign on until 2002.) The sale was approved by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on January 19, 2007.
Starting at Midnight on March 8, 2007, KRVI began stunting by repeating Tie Me Kangaroo Down, Sport by Rolf Harris continuously. On March 12, 2007, the station became KBVB "Bob 95 FM".
Bob 95 FM became an instant favorite, partially due to their early TV commercials, that often parody a popular song, such as adding words to the Chicken Dance, and at Christmas, re-writing "Jingle Bells". Their commercials also often featured the "Bob Puppets" that include a cowboy and two bobbers. There was also a "Wheels On The Bus" parody commercial for BOB 95 that had several different versions that feature groups of people from the Fargo-Moorhead area singing the jingle, including the West Fargo Fire Department. In recent years, KBVB hasn't run any local TV spots. However, the cowboy puppet (that starred in most of the ads) still serves as the station's mascot at parades and events, and also appears on one of the station vehicles.
The Spring 2010 Arbitron ratings gave KBVB an 8.4 share, making them the 3rd place radio station in the market based on AQH share behind KFGO and KQWB-FM, who had a 12.1 and a 9.6 respectively. This marks the first time BOB95 surpassed competitor Froggy 99.9 who registered a 7.9 share. Arbitron Ratings. Since then, the ratings battle between the two stations has remained competitive- with the stations often trading the crown.
In 2012, it was announced that KBVB, along with Ingstad's other Fargo stations would be sold to Midwest Communications for $25 million in a deal that took effect on May 1. A day later, Ingstad purchased crosstown rival Go Radio Fargo, including stations KVOX-FM, KPFX, KLTA, KBMW, KQWB-FM and KQWB-AM for $9.5 million. The following day, Ingstad and Midwest Communications announced that they would be trading country stations KBVB and KVOX in an even trade. That trade took effect on August 5, 2013, sending KVOX to Midwest, and KBVB back into the hands of Jim Ingstad. Despite reports that listeners would not notice changes, KVOX's morning show "Jesse, Amanda and Pike" was cancelled, along with KBVB's Lucy Black and Collin Taylor (who stayed with Midwest and went to KRWK and KVOX, respectively). "Jesse, Amanda and Pike" reappeared a few weeks later at KBVB sister station KLTA.
Over the 4th of July weekend, 2015, KBVB and parent company Radio FM Media had finished their acquisition of KSKK-FM from De La Hunt Broadcasting. The KSKK signal was moved to Frazee, Minnesota, renamed KDLB, and began simulcasting KBVB. This replaced listenership lost when 95.1 moved their signal closer to the Fargo metro when they flipped to "BOB 95". The KDLB signal competes primarily with KRCQ-FM.
On November 4, 2015, it was announced that KBVB would become the official radio station of WE Fest, which is advertised to be the "largest country and camping festival in America". The three-year deal would begin with the 2016 festival. This ended a long run of the station being "banned" from the festival and the airstaff referring to it on air as "bleep fest".
KBVB is the market affiliate for The American Country Countdown with Kix Brooks on Sunday mornings, and The Country Fried Mix on Saturday nights produced by DJ Sinister and hosted by Ian from BOB95 Nights.
HD radio
On October 15, 2014, KBVB began broadcasting in HD, making them the first commercial station in the Fargo-Moorhead market utilizing HD Radio technology. A week later on October 22, KBVB launched a Triple-A formatted HD2 sub-channel called "The Loft" with a translator on K233CY 94.5 operated from the STL relay tower outside the KBVB studio in Fargo. On October 30, the sub channel rebranded as "The City" due to a trademark claim from SiriusXM. The HD3 sub-channel simulcasted KQWB-AM, a classic country station known as "Willie @ 1660", which later became a Fox Sports Radio affiliate. The HD3 signal moved to sister station KPFX-HD3 in July 2016.
Station Staff
Chris, John, & Cori (Weekday Mornings 6am-9am)
Chris Hanson(Sat 6am-9am)
John Austin (Sun 12pm-4pm)
Natalie Nash (Mon-Sat 9am-2pm)
Jay Farley (Mon-Sat 2pm-7pm)
Ian (Mon-Fri 7pm-10pm, Sun 4pm-8pm)
Former Station Staff
Collin Taylor
Steve Bakken
Jane Alexander
Laura Kremers
Lucy Black
Blake
Mandy
Alek (Now at KASE-FM)
Megan (Now at KLTA-FM)
References
External links
Bob 95 FM
BOB 95 photos on Flickr
"Chicken Dance"
"Jingle Bob" Nov-Dec 2007
original "Wheels On The Bus" parody commercial
current "Wheels On The Bus" parody commercial
Country radio stations in the United States
Bob FM stations
Radio stations in Moorhead, Minnesota
Radio stations established in 1980
1980 establishments in Minnesota |
5393824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taymouth%20Castle | Taymouth Castle | Taymouth Castle is situated to the north-east of the village of Kenmore, Perth and Kinross, in the Highlands of Scotland, in an estate which encompasses 450 acres. It lies on the south bank of the River Tay, about a mile from Loch Tay, in the heartland of the Grampian Mountains. Taymouth is bordered on two sides by mountain ranges, by Loch Tay on the third and by the confluence of the rivers Lyon and Tay on the fourth.
Taymouth Castle stands on the site of the much older Balloch Castle, which was built in 1552, as the seat of the Campbell clan. In the early 19th century, Balloch Castle was demolished by the Campbells of Breadalbane, so that the new, much larger castle could be rebuilt on the site. The new castle's blue-grey stone was taken from the quarry at Bolfracks.
Built in a neo-Gothic style and on a lavish scale, Taymouth Castle is regarded as the most important Scottish castle in private ownership. Its public rooms are outstanding examples of the workmanship of the finest craftsmen of the 19th century. No expense was spared on the castle's interior, which was decorated with extravagant carvings, plasterwork and murals. Panels of medieval stained glass and Renaissance woodwork were incorporated into the scheme. Much of this decor still survives.
Francis Bernasconi, acknowledged as the greatest designer of fine plasterwork of the era, created the magnificent central staircase, that connects all four storeys of the central tower. Many of the ceilings were painted by Cornelius Dixon.
The castle is a Category A listed building, and the grounds, which include parklands and woodlands, are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes, the national listing of significant gardens. Historic Environment Scotland have graded the castle as 'outstanding' in all of the following categories; 'Work of Art', 'Historical', 'Architectural' and 'Scenic'. They also acknowledged that due to the remnants of its pinetum and the outstanding size of its remaining trees, it also has horticultural value. It is said that some of the first larches brought to Scotland from the Tyrol were planted on the estate.
Twelve of Taymouth Castle's buildings/structures are currently recorded on the Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland. Due to its severely deteriorating condition, Taymouth Castle has been empty since approximately 1982. However, its new owners are currently restoring and redeveloping the castle, as a luxury hotel resort.
The castle and golf course are currently closed until further notice, whilst it is being restored and re-modelled.
Features
Estate landmarks
Among the landmarks that still survive on the 450 acre estate are:
A ruined 19th-century circular tower, known as the Rock Lodge. This is a single-storey building, built around 1830, with a two-stage circular Gothic folly. It was originally habitable, despite being built to appear as a ruin.
A derelict temple, known as Apollo's Temple. There is some evidence that this small circular building, which perhaps dates back to the 1770s, may have once housed a sculpture.
A semi-circular folly, known as The Fort.
Another temple, known as Maxwell's Temple. This temple, of an Eleanor cross type construction, was built in 1830 as a tribute to Mary, Countess of Breadalbane.
A historic dairy, standing on Tom Mor in the castle's grounds and described as the 'House that Sparkles'. It glistens 'white' due to the quartz from which it is made, taken from the spur of Ben Lawers. When Queen Victoria visited the dairy in 1842, she turned the handle of a churn, sipped a glass of milk and ate an oatmeal bannock. She described the dairy as a kind of Swiss Cottage.
A historic urn, known as The Monument.
A ruined tower.
All of the above structures are listed with Historic Environment Scotland.
Taymouth Castle Golf Club
Taymouth Castle has its own 18-hole golf course, operated by the Taymouth Castle Golf Club. The course was laid over the castle's former deer park and designed by the renowned golfer, James Braid in 1925. , the course is closed whilst it is being extended and re-modelled. At 6,066 yards, it was regarded as too small for modern championship golf courses and so is being increased to 7,039 yards. Also, much of Braid's original features disappeared over the last 90 years. These are being restored, with views of the River Tay also being introduced into the course.
In 1839, the deer park was said to contain 700 fallow deer, 100 red deer, some black deer and some moose deer. There were also some wild Indian buffaloes, taken from the 'rocky mountains of the New World'.
Fly fishing
The castle offers some of Scotland's finest fishing, with two and a half miles of salmon fishing through the estate, on the River Tay. The Tay is the longest river in Scotland and is one of the best rivers in the United Kingdom and Europe for Atlantic Salmon. The estate also has fishing rights on Loch Tay, which contains pike, perch, roach and trout.
Additional Information
The Campbells of Breadalbane and Glenorchy
The first twelve owners of the Balloch/Taymouth Castle estate, who held the lands throughout its period of private ownership between 1550 and 1922, were all Campbells of the Clan Campbell and members of the Peerage of Scotland. In the usual way, the ownership of the estate (and the various titles) were generally passed from father to son, excepting when there were no male heirs. This particular branch of the Campbell family were given the titles of Breadalbane, an area in the Highlands of Scotland; and Glenorchy, a glen in Argyll and Bute.
A number of the Campbells were Earls of Breadalbane and Holland. The family were given the lands of Breadalbane and Lawers in the 15th century by King James III, for Sir Colin Campbell's help in capturing Thomas Chalmer, one of the assassins of King James I. The title of Holland refers to an area of Lincolnshire, England. The 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland married the 1st Earl of Holland's daughter, Lady Mary Rich. He therefore acquired the English title of Holland, through his wife. The 1st Earl of Holland was executed in London in 1649 for treason. He was beheaded.
Sir Colin Campbell of Glenorchy, who built Balloch Castle in 1552, was a knight, the lowest rank of all of the owners of Balloch and Taymouth Castle. As time went on, his descendants' rank gradually increased, until the last Campbell listed, Sir Gavin Campbell, 1st Marquess of Breadalbane until 1922, achieved the high rank of Marquess.
The Campbells of Breadalbane were incredibly powerful and influential, due to the vast amounts of land that they owned in Scotland. They were also involved in many of the violent events and battles during Scotland's historical clan feuds. They were thus, highly feared by the other clans, for their determination to both increase their power and influence and to defend their estates at all costs, throughout this bloody period in Scotland's history. There was also a long-running feud between the Campbells and the Gregors, who later went on to become known as the MacGregors, for whom the famous Rob Roy MacGregor belonged. More information about these events are detailed in the history sections below.
The Black Book of Taymouth
In 1855, the 2nd Marquess of Breadalbane allowed historical papers from the Breadlabane Charter Room to be published in printed form in a book called The Black Book of Taymouth. This book had in fact largely been written and compiled between 1598 and 1648 by William Bowie, although Cosmo Innes also contributed to the 1855 publication, which includes entries up to 1703. The book concentrates more on the history of the Central Highlands than that of the Breadalbane family, although this is referred to in the book.
The book is written in Scots, with William Bowie dedicating his version of the book to Sir Duncan Campbell of Glenorchy, 1st Baronet Campbell, otherwise known as 'Black Duncan'. Bowie was both the tutor to Duncan's children and the family scribe. The book has been reprinted a number of times, including in 2015.
Taymouth Castle ships
There have been at least three ships with the name Taymouth Castle. The first was a sailing vessel, built in 1851 by Scott & Sons. The second was a three-masted 'fully rigged' sailing vessel, built in 1865, by Charles Connell & Company. This was wrecked two years later, with the loss of all 19 crew and passengers on board, off the coast of Torr Head, Antrim, Northern Ireland in 1867. There was also the Royal Mail steam ship Taymouth Castle, built in 1877 by Messrs Barclay Curle & Co. Despite having steam engines and a screw propeller, it also had two masts, giving it an early hybrid power source.
Witches and Ghosts
There is an old tale surrounding a blue sapphire stone which is set into a ring belonging to the Grahams of Inchbrakie, Perthshire. Some time in the 17th century, the Laird of Inchbrakie witnessed a large crowd, headed by one of the Campbells of Glenorchy, who were preparing to drown a witch. The Laird recognised the victim as being Katherine Niven, his old nurse and subsequently did his best to try and save her. He was unsuccessful, but she was still grateful enough to throw him a blue sapphire stone for his efforts. She said that whilst the stone remained with him, he would always have good fortune and that the Campbells would not have a male heir. Both prophecies were said to have come true. If there is any element of truth in this tale, then it would seem that the Campbell who was leading the witch-hunt may have been Sir Colin Campbell, 2nd Baronet, who died childless in 1640.
Taymouth Castle is said to be haunted.
Taymouth Castle History
The landowners of Taymouth Castle, together with dates of ownership and significant events are shown here. Details of Balloch Castle and its ancestral owners, which was demolished in 1806 and replaced by Taymouth Castle are shown further down.
John Campbell, 1st Marquess of Breadalbane (1782 – 1834)
John Campbell inherited the title of 4th Earl of Breadalbane and Holland at the age of 19, from his third cousin, who was John Campbell, 3rd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland. In 1789, he called upon Robert Mylne to prepare plans for a new "chateau", although these plans were never carried out. It is said that he wanted to demolish Balloch Castle and build a new grander castle in its place, in order to overshadow the Duke of Argyll's castle at Inveraray.
However, ten years later, he did completely transform the castle, using many architects, including Alexander Nasmyth. The main block of the old house was demolished, to be replaced from 1806, by a Gothic building, to the designs of the brothers James and Archibald Elliot. The English-Italian Francis Bernasconi carried out the ornate plasterwork of the staircase and drawing rooms between 1809 and 1812. In 1818, the old east wing was pulled down and replaced by a two-storey wing designed by William Atkinson.
In 1793, John Campbell formed three regiments of fencibles, known as the Breadalbane Fencibles to help defend the land in time of need. He managed to raise 2,300 men, of whom 1,600 were from his own estate. At one time, the castle also had its own fire brigade.
In 1819, Prince Leopold, the future king of Belgium visited the castle and was welcomed by more than 2,000 Highlanders. A royal salute was fired from the battery and the pipers were playing 'Phaill Phranse', the Prince's Welcome. During his stay, the Marquess assembled 1,400 of his tenants and held a grand gala, with entertainment and 'copious libations of porter and whiskey'.
In 1823, J.C. Loudon described Taymouth as the 'most magnificent residence in the country ... The mountain, lawn and banks of the waters, are richly clothed with wood, through which are led magnificent walks. Of trees, the lime and larches have attained to a great size, and there is an avenue of the former 450 yards in length, scarcely equalled anywhere.'
The 4th Earl, was created 1st Marquess of Breadalbane in 1831, but died in 1834. He was described as having unostentatious habits, devoting much of his time to the improvement of his 'princely' estates.
John Campbell, 2nd Marquess of Breadalbane (1834 – 1862)
John Campbell, 2nd Marquess of Breadalbane inherited the estate, on the death of his father in 1834. During his lifetime he was Lord Glenorchy, Earl of Ormerlie and an MP for both Okehampton and Perthshire. He also became a Knight of the Thistle, a Knight of the Black Eagle of Prussia, Lord Lieutenant of Argyllshire, and President of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Records show that as well as his estates in Scotland, he owned Breadalbane House in Park Lane, London.
The 2nd Marquess continued with the improvements to the castle by the remodelling of William Adam's West Wing, which was enlarged and refaced to match the main block. This time, the architect was James Gillespie Graham, with interiors designed by A. W. N. Pugin. The ceilings of the West Wing are described by Historic Scotland as the "finest of their period in the UK". It took an Italian painter nearly ten years to paint the ceilings with the various coats of arms of the Breadalbane family and their flags. He painted them lying on his back in rope slings. Ore smelting equipment was also installed into the West Wing, to smelt the specimens of ore that were occasionally found on the Breadalbane estates. The Marquess was hoping to find enough valuable minerals to pay for the huge cost of rebuilding the castle.
Records show that the Marquess was paid £6,630 in compensation by the British government in 1833, upon the abolition of slavery, in regard to his Hope Estate in Jamaica. Records also show that he is responsible for re-introducing the capercaillie to Great Britain at Taymouth Castle, after the original stock became extinct in this country in around 1785. Our present population is descended from the 28 birds that he introduced from Sweden in 1837–38. These in turn were descended from earlier Scottish birds.
In 1839, the Marquess entertained a succession of noblemen at the castle. They included Lord and Lady Seymour, the Earl of Ashburnham, Lord Stuart de Rothesay and Lord and Lady Hatherton.
In 1840, more noble guests stayed at the castle, including the Duke and Duchess of St Albans, the Earl and Countess of Camperdown, Lady Elizabeth Duncan, future Prime Minister Lord Haddo, the Earl and Countess of Cadogan and the Ladies Augusta and Honoria Cadogan.
The works to the castle were complete by 1842, just in time for the first visit to Scotland by the 'youthful' Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, when they stayed at Taymouth for three days. On their arrival, the castle's heavy guns fired off a royal salute, with over 200 traditionally-armed highlanders there to receive them. They were duly entertained with 'lavish pomp' and it was remarked that the scene would need the pen of a poet to give any justice to the splendour. In the evening, 50,000 lamps were lit on a slope outside the castle, arranged in such a fashion as they formed the words "Welcome Victoria and Albert". Apparently, their stay cost Campbell £60,000, whilst at the time, he was said to have an annual rental income of £45,000.
Later during their stay, the Queen was rowed up Loch Tay from Killin, whilst Prince Albert rode out on a stag hunt over the estate. Even then, the estate extended for 100 miles from Aberfeldy to Oban. The Prince's personal tally that morning was 19 roe deer, 4 1/2 brace of black game, 3 brace of grouse, 1 brace of the newly re-introduced capercaillie, 1 wood pigeon and 12 hares. Prince Albert was the first to be allowed to shoot the capercaillies, which were being so strictly preserved.
Before leaving the castle, the Queen and Prince Albert planted four ceremonial trees, on a spot just to the east of the castle. They were two Scotch Firs and two oak trees. Twenty four years later, the Queen who was by then a widow, stopped by anonymously. She wrote in her journal, "Here, unknown and quite in private, I gazed, not without deep inward emotion, on the scene of our reception, twenty-four years ago".
John Campbell died childless in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1862 and all of his titles died with him. The estate then passed to his distant cousin (fourth cousin twice removed), John Campbell, who became the 6th Earl of Breadalbane and Holland.
John Alexander Gavin Campbell, 6th Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1862 – 1871)
Upon the death of the 2nd Marquess of Breadalbane, there were two claimants to the estates and remaining titles. Both were only distantly related to the 2nd Marquess and could never have imagined that they could ultimately inherit. John Alexander Gavin Campbell of Glenfalloch's claim was disputed by Lieutenant Charles William Campbell of Borland. The dispute ultimately hinged on whether J A G Campbell's grandparents were legally married, and therefore the legitimacy of his father. There was apparently very little evidence on this fact, other than a letter written by his grandmother stating that they were married in 1782. However, it was ultimately decided that the marriage must have taken place, as J A G Campbell's claim was eventually ratified by the Scottish Court of Session. On appeal, this ruling was confirmed by a vote of two-to-one in the House of Lords.
John Campbell had four children from his marriage to Mary Theresa Edwards. He gained the rank of captain in the service of the 1st Royals.
He died at the age of 46 at The Albany, Piccadilly, London.
Sir Gavin Campbell, 1st Marquess of Breadalbane (1871 – 1922)
Gavin Campbell, 1st Marquess of Breadalbane served as a lieutenant in the 4th Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. He also served in the House of Lords as a liberal politician. During his lifetime he amassed a number of titles and honours including; Knight of St John of Jerusalem, Knight of the Garter, Baronet of Nova Scotia, Baron Breadalbane, Lord of Glenorchy, Benederloch, Ormelie and Weick, Viscount Tay and Paintland, Earl of Ormelie and Marquess of Breadalbane. He was also a County Councillor in both Perth and Argyll, a Deputy Lieutenant of Argyll, a Privy Councillor, Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland, Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, Lord-in-waiting to Queen Victoria, Treasurer and Lord Steward of the Royal Household and an ADC to His Majesty.
In 1872, he married Lady Alma Imogene Graham, daughter of the 4th Duke of Montrose.
In 1877, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn visited the castle. In the same year, Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, who was the youngest son of Queen Victoria, also visited.
In December 1879, the former prime minister William Gladstone stayed at Taymouth Castle for three days, whilst on a speech-making tour of Scotland. The tour was said to be an unusual event, as in those days it was pretty unheard of for a leading politician to 'stump' the country in this way. It was described as 'an American-style election campaign'. In the same year, Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden also visited the castle.
Sir Gavin started the Lock Tay Steamboat Company, to enable his tenants to travel more easily to the nearest railway station, on a vessel known as the Queen of the Lake. Later, the enterprise was transformed into a popular attraction, operating pleasure cruises between Kenmore and Killin. Eventually, the ship was taken over by British Railways.
In 1881, the castle had another royal visitor, being Prince George, Duke of Cambridge. Later in 1884, King Oscar II of Sweden visited and in the following year, the Prince Frederick of Hanover visited the castle.
In 1888, Sir Gavin was awarded the Medal of the Royal Humane Society, for saving the life of a servant, whilst at the imminent risk to his own life. The servant, by the name of McLean, had fallen out of a boat and into the River Tay. At the time, the river was flooded and McLean was caught in a deep whirlpool, with eddies and rocks creating even more difficulties. Sir Gavin, who was out shooting at the time, stripped off his gunbelt and dived into the river to rescue him. The medal he earned for this, along with five more of his medals, were sold at auction in 2009 for £2,700.
Sir Gavin was also awarded the Swedish Order of the Seraphim, conferred upon him by King Oscar, for his hospitality to the then Prince Gustavus Adolphus, when he came to the UK to marry Princess Margaret of Connaught in 1905.
When he inherited his titles in 1871, his estate was still nearly half a million acres in size. It contained 'The Heart of Scotland', a thick wood of fir trees in the shape of a heart. Unfortunately, throughout Sir Gavin's tenure at Taymouth, he managed to lose most of this land. His worsening financial problems, were said to be due to an extravagant lifestyle, "bad management and his gambling addiction". His mountainous debts finally forced him to put the castle and its remaining 60,000 acres up for sale in 1920. Included in the sale were a number of farms, hotels, private houses and shooting and fishing rights. The sale was achieved in 1921, when the castle was sold for £20,000 to a syndicate, who intended to turn the estate into a hotel complex. However, the completion date was set for May 1922 and the Campbells continued to reside in the castle for the time being.
The father of the Scottish writer Fred Urquhart was chauffeur to the Marquess in the early twentieth century, and Urquhart's novel Palace of Green Days (1979) draws on his childhood memories of this.
In March 1922, the Marquess and Marchioness duly said farewell to the castle forever, after fifty years of occupation, and moved out to their other home in Craig, Dalmally.
Sir Gavin died childless, very shortly afterwards, in October 1922 and most of his titles died with him. However, even though every last acre of the original half a million acre estate had been sold off, there were still three more Earls of Breadalbane and Holland. The 10th and last Earl was John Romer Boreland Campbell, who died childless in 1995. Following his death, the title has remained dormant.
Taymouth Castle Hotel Company LTD (1922 – 1940)
At the time of their purchase, the hotel company from Glasgow, which included the MacTaggart family, also bought 520 acres of adjoining land, which brought the estate back to around 2,000 acres. It was declared by the company that they intended to convert the castle into a hydropathic hotel, along with opening a brand new golf course on its lands. The company also acquired fishing rights on Loch Tay and part of the River Tay and shooting rights on Drumhill. At the same time, there was a huge auction at the castle, in which all of its furniture and effects were sold. The newspaper article reporting the event, said that 'the things that gave the castle its life and history, will be scattered to the four winds of heaven'. The auction realised total sales of £24,000, with half of that amount being paid by the new hotel owners, to retain furniture in the castle.
The hydro hotel opened on 30 June 1923, boasting around 100 bedrooms. Since buying the castle, its facilities had been greatly improved, including central heating and electricity being installed throughout. The hotel also offered music and dancing, a grass riding track and had four en tout cas tennis courts and a covered badminton court. They possessed a fleet of motor vehicles, offering drives to places of interest and steamer excursions on Loch Tay. The golf course had been finished and there was of course fly fishing. At the time of opening, they hadn't quite managed to offer shooting, but they had the shooting rights for Drummond Hill, on which 30 stags had been killed in the previous year.
Despite good patronage, the Taymouth Castle Hotel Company LTD were forced into voluntary liquidation in March 1926. The blame was put on the high cost of all the alterations necessary to convert the castle. It was disclosed that as there were good Easter bookings, the hotel would remain open for the time being. The hotel eventually closed for the winter on 30 September 1926, with the liquidators having already sold off portions of the lands, dramatically reducing the size of the estate.
The hotel reopened on 1 June 1927, for the summer season. The advertised rate was 18s to 25s per person per day. In September 1927, the Prince and Princess Gin Ri of Korea visited the castle. Whilst at that time a colony of Japan, the prince was the son of the late Emperor of Korea and the princess was a cousin of the Empress of Japan.
The following year the hotel reopened for the 1928 season and its long-term future was secured, when the castle was bought by a 'well known London combine'. The new owners declared that the castle would continue as a 'hydro'.
Taymouth Castle Hospital (1940 – 1948)
After the outbreak of the Second World War, use of the castle was requisitioned by the War Office, to help with the war effort. From 1940, it became known as the No. 1 Polish General Hospital, or otherwise as the Taymouth Castle Hospital. It was the chief Polish hospital in the country and boasted some of the finest and most up-to-date equipment, with its operating theatres and X-Ray machines.
Also, in April 1940, the castle advertised that the golf course and Policy Parks were available for let, for sheep and cattle grazing. It was later noted that despite having its own golf course, the wounded Polish servicemen showed no interest in golf, although they were enthusiastic footballers.
Over the eight years of its use as a hospital, thousands of Polish patients were treated there, with its biggest influx after the battle of Cassino, when over 200 Polish casualties arrived. At its height, it had 1200 beds and 200 staff. Despite still being under the control of the War Office, its use as a hospital came to an end in December 1947, with the remaining Polish patients being disbursed to hospitals in England.
The chairman of the owning hotel company said that he thought that it would be a year or two before the castle could be re-opened as a hotel. He said that the lack of tradesmen would be a big obstacle to its redecoration and renovation. Severe damage to one of the west towers, from a fire in 1946, would also have to be repaired. However, during its time as a hospital, care had been taken to protect the castle's magnificent carved oak walls and doors. These had been boarded up, using cardboard and plywood. Similar precautions had been taken to protect the marble mantelpieces and stained glass windows.
Seventy-five Nissen huts were removed from the castle grounds. However, their foundations can still be seen today.
Civil Defence Corps Training School (1949 – 1968)
In February 1949, the government formed the Civil Defence Corps, which was a civilian volunteer organisation, which could take control of areas of the country in times of national emergency, such as after a nuclear attack. In a joint announcement by the Home Office and the Scottish Office, it was declared that Taymouth Castle was to be used as one of three training centres in Scotland, which would teach instructors in how to train a much bigger volunteer force. Alterations were made to the castle, which was designed to train between 100 and 150 men and women at a time. The cost of these alterations was finally put at £126,000, way past its original budget of £75,700.
When it was opened in December 1950 by the Scottish Secretary Hector McNeil, it was described as the most up-to-date in the world. The centre also included a mock 'blitzed village', for trainees to practice in. The village was built and then partially demolished, to provide defense volunteers with practical rescue training. Roofs were said to lie at 'drunken angles', walls gaped open, timber beams were scorched with fire; and all laid out to conform with Scottish types of architecture. The village was so realistic that the visiting Sir James Henderson-Stewart, Under-Secretary of State for Scotland said that there was a staggering contrast between the beauty of the castle and the scenes of ruin, bringing home more forcibly the devastation of war and the need to be ready for any emergency.
As part of their training, the volunteers were given advanced instruction in atomic, chemical and biological warfare.
By 1956, the Corps had grown to 330,000 personnel. However, the Corps was eventually disbanded in 1968, after a change of thinking in how to deal with nuclear attacks.
However, its role in national defence didn't end there. From 1968, it was also one of the designated locations for plan PYTHON, the plan for continuity of government in the event of nuclear war. The plan, which was classified as TOP SECRET, was that in the event of a nuclear attack, the government and other essential personnel could be dispersed around the country, to secret and protected locations. Taymouth Castle was chosen as one of these sites.
It is not known when Taymouth Castle ceased to be considered as one of these secret locations, but the three associated CalMac support ships, which were capable of acting as floating nuclear bunkers, were sold by CalMac in the 1980s. These ships operated from day-to-day as normal commercial car ferries, but had been designed and built in such a way that if needed, they could be used as radiation resistant transport and decontamination chambers.
Boarding School (1970 – 1974)
After it ceased to be a Civil Defence Corps training centre in 1968, Taymouth Castle was turned into a boarding school for high-school aged students. It first opened in this guise in 1970, and followed a US (New York) curriculum—all the students being from the US. The castle was leased for this purpose by a Mr McCormick who also operated Herringswell Manor School in Suffolk. At its opening, Taymouth Castle School had only 17 students—some were the children of American workers on North Sea oil rigs, but most came from families resident in the continental US. For these students, there were 7 teaching staff. The original Headmaster was Mr Griggs who was replaced by the Texan, Miss Bomhoff, shortly after the school opened. Subjects taught at the school were English, US History, British History, Geography, Algebra, Geometry, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, General Science, French, and German—with two 'study halls' and a PE class every weekday. Activities via a number of 'clubs' were also offered, and at weekends, trips were arranged to various locations in the region.
The boys' dormitory was on the second floor, east of the main entrance, with the girls' dormitory to the west. In some ways, rules were quite liberal when compared to British private schools of the time. For example, 11th-grade students were (reluctantly) allowed to smoke in certain areas if they had written permission from their parents. On the other hand, boys were required to have a "businessman's haircut", and that girls "dress neatly, are polite, well-mannered and ladylike", (they were also asked to "remember to wear soft slippers on the Third Floor.") There was no uniform, but there was the expectation for "all students to rise when any adult enters a room".
All students were boarders (no 'day students'), and were provided with wholesome meals: breakfast at 8:00 am, lunch at 1:15 pm, and dinner at 6:30 pm. Two staff would supervise the student eating hall, while the rest of the staff dined in the famous 'Banner Hall' of the castle (the ceiling being emblazed with the coats of arms of dignitaries who had visited the castle throughout its history).
It was expected that student enrollment in the school would grow substantially in the year following its opening—as had happened at the 'sister' school, Herringswell Manor in Suffolk—but this did not happen, and the school closed within a few years of its opening. A website commemorating this unique but short-lived educational facility was set up in 2001, with original documents and photos collected from teacher and student alumni being displayed.
Speech and Drama School (1982)
In September 1981, it was advertised that the Taymouth Castle Residential School of Speech and Drama was starting classes in January 1982. Auditions were being held for three courses, which were a One-year Stage course, a Two-year Diploma and Stage course and a One-year course in puppetry.
At this time, nothing further is known about those courses, but the castle is known to have been closed and empty since around that time.
The golf course continued to be operated separately, but this too is currently closed, whilst alterations are being made to the course.
Restoration plans (1982 – date)
Despite its many changes of use and its requisitioning by the government, through the war years and beyond, legal ownership of the castle was still retained by the MacTaggart family, who had first turned the castle into a hotel in 1922. However, they had been unable to make any real commercial use of the castle since the boarding school for children of American servicemen closed in 1979. Throughout the 1990s, the family had been unsuccessfully trying to sell the estate, with Madonna and Cher both being initially interested. In 1995, the castle and estate were on the market for £5.5m.
By the year 2000, the castle was suffering badly from leaks and rot. It was eventually sold to a building consortium in 2005 for £12m. At the time of purchase, plans to redevelop the castle as a "six-star" hotel with 150 rooms had already been approved by Perth and Kinross Council.
However, since then, due to the huge costs involved and the need to find suitable investment, progress has been slow, with work starting and stalling. Millions of pounds have already been spent in preventing further deterioration of the castle and upon its ongoing conversion. By May 2006, the main buildings were stabilised, with further restoration continuing in the following years. These included new windows, extensive refurbishment to the state rooms and a new roof.
Despite the difficulties in completing the project, one of the developers said in 2008 that "We have spent millions of pounds saving one of Scotland's finest, most beautiful properties and we are proud of that. The east wing and the west wing were totally derelict and the seven principal rooms have been saved, all under the watchful eye of Historic Scotland."
By 2015, work began on hotel suites under the banner of Taymouth Castle Estate. By 2016, enough work had been completed at the castle for it to operate as an events centre, hosting a number of weddings, corporate events and banquets. In October 2016, an Open Day was held at the castle, to promote it further as a wedding venue for 2017.
By 2018, previously-proposed plans for the restoration of the castle had foundered due to concerns about ownership and a possible connection to money-laundering The castle's ownership has passed through a number of unclear entities, including offshore accounts, but was believed to reside in the hands of Ali Ibrahim Dabaiba, the former chief of development for former Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi. The post-Gaddafi Libyan government requested the help of the UK authorities over what they described as Dahaiba's theft of government funds invested in multiple properties in Scotland, including Taymouth Castle. The company that had been the prime contractor had stopped work on the project by April, 2018, after a tax probe by HM Revenue and Customs and Companies House began the process to remove the company's listing and force it into dissolution. Further complicating development attempts, Scottish attorney Stephen Jones was convicted of diverting money the Scottsdale, Arizona-based upscale residential community developer Discovery Land Company (DLC) had sent to purchase the property. DLC was later able to finalize a deal to assume ownership, although specific development plans have not yet been disclosed.
Early history of Balloch Castle
The landowners of Balloch Castle, together with dates of ownership and significant events are shown below:-
Sir Colin Campbell of Glenorchy (1550 – 1583)
Sir Colin Campbell of Glenorchy, otherwise known as 'Grey Colin', because of his white hair and long flowing beard, became laird of Glenorchy upon the death of his older brother John, in 1550. One of his first actions as laird, was to evict the Clan Gregor from Balloch (now Kenmore), at the east end of Loch Tay. In 1552, he consolidated his position and built a tower house there, known as Balloch Castle. Balloch means 'the house at the narrow pass'. Sir Colin is said to have chosen the site of the castle in a novel manner. He was apparently instructed in a dream to found the castle on the spot where he first heard a blackbird sing, whilst making his way down the strath of the Tay.
Later, in 1787, Robert Burns described the beauty of Balloch Castle and its surrounding lands in verse, as follows:-
The Tay meandering sweet in infant pride,
The Palace rising on its verdant side,
The lawns, wood fringed, in Nature's native taste,
The hillocks dropped in Nature's native haste...
The castle was the seat of Clan Campbell whose lands, at the height of their powers, extended over 100 miles from Taymouth to the west coast of Scotland. Another source quotes their estate as encompassing 437,696 acres. Sir Colin rapidly expanded his territory during his lifetime, also building or enlarging several castles.
There was a long-running feud between the Campbells and the Gregor clan, over the lands said to have been seized by the Campbells from them. This bitter and violent feud ran from 1562 until 1569, when their clan chief Gregor Roy, 10th Chief MacGregor, was captured by Sir Colin whilst visiting his wife. On 7 April 1570, after securing the consent of the Regent Morton, Sir Colin personally beheaded Gregor at Balloch Castle, in the presence of the Earl of Atholl, the Justice Clerk. Gregor's wife, Marion Campbell, who also witnessed her husband's execution, wrote a bitter lament about the affair, called 'Griogal Cridhe'. This has been described as 'Surely one of the greatest poems ever made in Britain'. The fighting continued on until 1570, even more bloody than before, with the Gregor Clan determined to avenge their chief's death. However, a settlement was finally reached between the two clans in the winter of 1570.
Sir Colin claimed to have 'the power of pit and gallows', which was the right to imprison and execute. In the Black Book of Taymouth, Sir Colin was described as a great 'justiciar' of his time, who sustained the deadly feud with the Gregor clan and executed many notable lymmars (rogues).
James VI visited Balloch Castle in August 1582, tipping the gardener 40 shillings. However, only a few days later, the king was seized at the Ruthven Raid.
Sir Colin had ten children from two marriages, dying in April 1583.
Sir Duncan Campbell of Glenorchy, 1st Baronet Campbell (1583 – 1631)
Duncan Campbell was knighted in 1590, was declared MP for Argyllshire in 1593 and held the office of Hereditary Sheriff of Perthshire for life. He was also created 1st Baronet Campbell of Nova Scotia, in 1625. Sir Duncan had 23 children from three marriages, dying in 1631. It is said that he married a low-born lady as his second wife, but quickly regretted it. The traditional tale is that he had her locked in an underground vault, whilst he courted Elizabeth Sinclair, the daughter of the 5th Lord Sinclair. Wary that he might already be married, Elizabeth made him swear that he had no other wife and he solemnly swore on the cross of his sword that he 'had no wife above ground'. She did not realise the deception and they were indeed married. His other wife was ultimately released from the vault, after she had made a declaration that she was not his wife.
He had several nicknames, the first being 'Duncan of the (seven) Castles', as he was renowned for building them. His other nickname was 'Black Duncan'. He had been appointed by the King to keep the peace between the feuding clans in Argyll and Perthshire and was accordingly allowed to maintain a large force of armed soldiers to support him. However, he had a reputation for causing trouble, rather than stopping it and was said to be more interested in using his power to acquire extra land for himself. During his lifetime, he therefore managed to significantly enlarge the family's estate, by 'fair means or foul'. He also extended Balloch Castle.
On 1 August 1598 Glenorchy wrote to the English politician Sir Robert Cecil with thanks to Queen Elizabeth after his audience with the diplomat George Nicholson. Glenorchy sent his secretary John Archibald to London. It was hoped Glenorchy would help the English in Ireland.
In April 1603, King James VI and I outlawed the Clan Gregor, following the Battle of Glen Fruin, in which the Gregors killed between 200 and 300 men of the Clan Colquhoun. The name Gregor or MacGregor was abolished and it became entirely legal to kill anyone of that name and seize his property. Over the next ten years, over 100 Gregors were slain and their lands given to the Campbells. It was said that Sir Duncan was instrumental in this and got most of their leaders killed or hanged.
One of Sir Duncan's castles was Finlarig Castle, built in 1629. There is a pit in the courtyard, which can still be seen, where nobles were taken from the castle dungeons, through an underground passage, to be beheaded under the watchful gaze of Sir Duncan's men. Commoners were hanged from a nearby oak tree. The beheading axe was later put on display at Taymouth Castle, until it was finally turned into a hotel in 1922.
Sir Duncan was also said to be an astute manager of his estate. Not only did he build and repair castles, he also introduced livestock and planted woodlands. He ordered Drummond Hill to be planted with oak, birch and pine, creating Scotland's first managed forest.
Sir Colin Campbell of Glenorchy, 2nd Baronet Campbell (1631 – 1640)
In comparison with his father, Sir Colin Campbell, 2nd Baronet Campbell, also the 8th Laird of Glenorchy, was a much more peaceful character and was known as a patron of the arts. As well as repairing and extending the family castles, including Balloch Castle, he also employed several famous artists to paint portraits for them, including George Jamesone. He also travelled extensively and was a collector of fine furniture and paintings. He employed a silk weaver from Antwerp, Nicolas Herman, who had set up his workshop in Perth, to make silk fringes and passementerie for his furnishings and clothes.
Sir Colin was married for many years, but died childless, in 1640. He did however, foster Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll. Archibald Campbell was ultimately executed in 1685, like his father, on the Maiden in Edinburgh. He faced his execution with calmness and good humour, joking on the scaffold that the guillotine, as his "inlet to glory" was "the sweetest maiden he had ever kissed".
Sir Robert Campbell of Glenorchy, 3rd Baronet Campbell (1640 – 1657)
Brother of the 2nd Baronet, he was also known as Robert Campbell of Glenfalloch. He was MP for Argyllshire between 1639 and 1641 and from 1643 to 1649.
Sir Robert lived through one of the stormiest and most trying periods in Highland history, during which time his estates were laid waste during the Scottish Civil War, by the 1st Marquess of Montrose and his Royalist forces. The Black Book of Taymouth states that in 1644 and 1645, his whole lands and estates, between the Ford of Lyon and the Point of Lesmore were burned and destroyed. These actions left Campbell with huge debts.
One of the key battles was the Battle of Inverlochy in 1645, which came shortly after Montrose had raided through the Taymouth area. Montrose had decided to attack the Covenanter forces which were under the command of Sir Duncan Campbell of Auchinbreck. The Campbell army were routed and of its 2,000 men, about 1,500 were killed during a running battle over 14 miles of countryside. Their commander, Auchinbreck, was captured and beheaded by Alasdair Mac Colla, who commanded part of the Royalist forces. Although they won this battle, Montrose suffered a heavy defeat seven months later at the Battle of Philiphaugh and his forces were ultimately crushed five years later, at the Battle of Carbisdale.
Sir Robert had 16 children from his marriage with Isabel MacIntosh, dying in 1657.
Sir John Campbell of Glenorchy, 4th Baronet Campbell (1657 – 1677)
Sir John Campbell was Commissioner of Supply and Excise for Argyll and Perth and succeeded to the title of 4th Baronet Campbell, of Glenorchy. He gained the rank of Colonel in the service of the Perthshire of Foot and was MP for Argyllshire between 1661 and 1663.
He had 31 children from three wives and died in 1677.
John Campbell, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1677 – 1717)
John Campbell, known as 'Slippery John', was created 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland in 1681. In 1692, he played a key role in the Massacre of Glencoe, by instructing a relative, Robert Campbell of Glenlyon, to carry it out. Thirty Eight McDonalds from the Clan McDonald of Glencoe were killed by their own guests and another 40 women and children died of exposure, after their homes were burned.
Campbell also took part in the abortive royalist uprising under John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun in 1654 and was also implicated in the Montgomery Plot, a Jocobite scheme to restore King James II and VII to the thrones of England and Scotland. In 1692, he was imprisoned for a time in Edinburgh Castle for his involvement in negotiations between Jacobite chiefs. However, he was released after it was discovered that he was acting with the knowledge of King William III.
In 1672, Campbell acquired as payment of debts, the estates and titles of George Sinclair, 6th Earl of Caithness, which included the parish of Wick and the castles of Girnigoe, Ackergill and Keiss. He assumed the title of Earl of Caithness, although his right to these titles and lands were disputed by George Sinclair of Keiss, first cousin to the 6th Earl of Caithness. Sinclair lay siege to Girnigoe Castle, damaging it so badly that it has never been inhabited since. In a counter-attack, Campbell took his army and marched on Sinclair, to fight what was to become known as the Battle of Altimarlach. Campbell's force easily routed Sinclair's army, whose men fled across the River Wick. But, a large number were killed and it is said that so many lay slain, that Campbell's soldiers were able to cross the river over their bodies, without getting their feet wet. Despite this strategic victory, George Sinclair later won his argument in court in 1681 and claimed the title of Earl of Caithness and the lands. However, Campbell was compensated for the loss of these, by King Charles II and the Privy Council of Scotland elevating him to Lord of Glenorchy, Benederaloch, Ormelie and Wick, Viscount of Tay and Paintland, and 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland.
It was here that Campbell's piper composed the clan's famous pibroch, 'Bodach na Briogais', which ridicules the Sinclairs. The event is also commemorated in the famous song 'The Campbells are Coming'. Many people refer to the Battle of Altimarlach as the last clan battle in Scotland and it would seem that it was the last true clan battle. However, in 1689 there was a later fierce battle at Mullroy, Kilmonivaig, when the Macdonalds of Keppoch fought and defeated the MacIntoshes, over ownership of Glen Roy. However, the MacIntoshes had government support and part of their army was made up of government troops, making it more of a government action than a true clan battle.
It is said that the people of Wick, hated Campbell so much that they caused him no end of trouble. Wearied by these incessant vexations, he divided Wick into 62 portions in 1690 and sold them all.
At one time, King William III entrusted Campbell with £20,000, a huge sum of money, to use it to achieve peace between some warring Highland Chiefs. However, rather than spend the money, he managed to negotiate a deal between them. When asked to account for the £20,000, he replied "Gentlemen - the money is spent, the Highlands are at peace, and that is the only way of accounting among friends".
An early fan of golf, Slippery John is recorded as buying a pair of golf clubs for his children in 1672 and having one club repaired at a cost of four shillings.
The Black Book of Taymouth, the history of the Breadalbanes, published by the 2nd Marquess of Breadalbane states that in 1681, Gilleasba, chief of the MacDonalds of Keppoch, gave a bond of manrent to Sir John, promising that none of his clan or his people would commit robbery on his lands. In 1715, Campbell sent 500 of his men to join the Earl of Mar in his Jacobite uprising against the new king, George I.
Campbell had four children from three marriages, dying in 1717. Shortly before his death, he was described by a Government agent by the name of Mackay in this way; "He has the gravity of a Spaniard, is as cunning as a fox, wise as a serpent, and is as slippery as an eel".
John Campbell, 2nd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1717 – 1752)
In 1720, John Campbell, 2nd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland commissioned William Adam to remodel the castle and lay out extensive formal gardens. Adam's design included six radiating avenues, each over a mile long, which converged on the castle. Elaborate gardens and orchards were also planted on both sides of the Castle. To the south, Adam planted an avenue of trees in the shape of a D. On the banks of the river, he planted two long avenues of lime trees. These are known as the North and South Terraces.
In 1739, Jan Griffer was brought in to make further changes to the gardens. The long radiating avenues were removed and some new pavilions were built. Griffer also planted a lot more individual trees, which made the overall design of the castle less formal. Further changes that John Campbell made during his lifetime were the removal of the formal gardens, the remaining avenue and part of the terrace. He also moved the orchard to the west of the ridge where the Dairy now stands and moved the walled-garden to the north-east of the castle. He also planted woodland on Drummond Hill and Craig Hill.
John Campbell was Lord Lieutenant of Perthshire. During the Jacobite rising of 1745, it was said that he sent a thousand men into the field to fight. He had three children from his marriage to Henrietta Villiers, dying in 1752.
John Campbell, 3rd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1752 – 1782)
Later, John Campbell, 3rd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland oversaw further changes in the 1750s, including building a handsome bridge over the River Tay and also Kenmore's church, which dates from 1760, replacing the earlier church of 1579. By the 1780s, the formal gardens had been replaced with a picturesque landscape in the manner of Stourhead and Painshill Park. The main road had been moved to halfway up Taymouth Hill and the entrance drive re-aligned.
John was Lord of the Admiralty and an ambassador to the Danish and Russian courts. He had four children from his two marriages, dying in 1782. However, he had no surviving male heir and so his direct line ended, with the title 4th Earl of Breadalbane and Holland going to his third cousin, John Campbell, 1st Marquess of Breadalbane. The 1st Marquess went on to demolish Balloch Castle and build Taymouth Castle in its place.
Gallery
References
External links
Taymouth Castle Estate
Taymouth Castle, Breadalbane community website
Castles in Perth and Kinross
Category A listed buildings in Perth and Kinross
Listed castles in Scotland
Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes
James Gillespie Graham buildings
Country houses in Perth and Kinross |
5393826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managra | Managra | Managra is an original novel written by Stephen Marley and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. The novel features the Fourth Doctor and Sarah.
The title is an anagram of the word "anagram".
Plot
The Doctor and Sarah Jane arrive in Europa, a reconstructed amalgamation of 16th, 17th and 18th century Europe a thousand years in the future. Here, all sorts of historical personalities collide: for example, Lord Byron battles Torquemada's Inquisition while Mary Shelley is writing a sequel to Frankenstein. The newcomers are then accused of murdering the Pope, and to clear their innocence, helped only by a young vampire hunter and Byron, they must face the terrifying Theatre of Transmogrification.
References
External links
1995 British novels
1995 science fiction novels
Virgin Missing Adventures
Fourth Doctor novels
Vampire novels
Novels by Stephen Marley
Fiction set in the 1610s
Fiction set in the 4th millennium |
5393840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E2fsprogs | E2fsprogs | e2fsprogs (sometimes called the e2fs programs) is a set of utilities for maintaining the ext2, ext3 and ext4 file systems. Since those file systems are often the default for Linux distributions, it is commonly considered to be essential software.
List of utilities
Included with e2fsprogs, ordered by ASCIIbetical order, are:
badblocks search a device for bad blocks
blkid locate/print block device attributes
chattr change file attributes on a Linux file system
debugfs used to manually view or modify internal structures of the file system
dumpe2fs which prints superblock and block group information.
e2freefrag report free space fragmentation information
e2fsck an fsck program that checks for and corrects inconsistencies
e2image save critical ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem metadata to a file
e2label change the label on an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
e2undo replay an undo log for an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
e4defrag online defragmenter for ext4 filesystem
filefrag report on file fragmentation
findfs find a filesystem by label or UUID
findsuper quick hacked up program to find ext2 superblocks
logsave save the output of a command in a logfile
lsattr list file attributes on a Linux second extended file system
mke2fs used for creating ext2, ext3 and ext4 file systems
resize2fs which can expand and shrink ext2, ext3 and ext4 file systems. On-line support was added in 2006.
tune2fs used to modify file system parameters
Many of these utilities are based on the libext2fs library.
Usage
Despite what its name might suggest, e2fsprogs works not only with ext2, but also with ext3 and ext4. Although ext3's journaling capability can reduce the need to use e2fsck, it is sometimes still necessary to help protect against kernel bugs or bad hardware.
With ext4 the e2fsck runtime should come down considerably, as can be seen from the graph.
As the userspace companion for the ext2, ext3, and ext4 drivers in the Linux kernel, the e2fsprogs are most commonly used with Linux. However, they have been ported to other systems, such as FreeBSD and Darwin.
See also
mkfs
dd — convert and copy a file
fdisk — examine and write partition table
fsck — file system check
mkisofs — make an iso file system
mount — mount a file system
parted — partition manager
References
External links
e2fsprogs git repository
Design and Implementation of the Second Extended Filesystem
Free software programmed in C
Linux file system-related software
Unix file system-related software |
5393850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandikota | Gandikota | Gandikota is a village and historical fort on the right bank of the Penna river, 15 km from Jammalamadugu in Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The fort was the centre of power for various dynasties, such as the Kalyani Chalukyas, Pemmasani Nayakas, and the Golconda Sultanate. Gandikota was the capital of Pemmasani Nayakas for more than 300 years. Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu constructed the huge fort at Gandikota with 101 towers replacing the previous sand fort constructed by Kaka Raja, Vassals of Kalyani Chalukya rulers. Various additions of Islamic architecture were made during subsequent Muslim rule.
Etymology
The fort of Gandikota acquired its name due to the 'gorge', formed between the Erramala range of hills, also known as Gandikota hills and the river Penna (Pennar) that flows at its foot, reducing its width to a mere 100 m (look for the river image in the montage/main image).
History
Early history
Gandikota is a village on the right bank of the river Penna, 15 km from Jammalamudugu in Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Gandikota area was first identified and made Sand fort in 1123 by Kakatiya Raja of nearby Bommanapalle village and a subordinate of Ahavamalla Someswara I, Kalyani Chalukya ruler. Gandikota came under the rule of Kakatiya dynasty from 1239 A.D to 1304 A.D and ruled by their various subordinates.
The village transformed into major fort after the emergence of Pemmasani Nayakas.
Recently, Tavva Obul Reddy, a Mydukur-based historian, discovered a copper plate inscription on the history of Gandikonda Fort. The inscription dates back to 16th century.
Vemana poet, native of Kadapa district and believed to have lived in Gandikota area for a short period.
Jean Baptiste Tavernier visited the fort during his travel to Golconda sultanate.
Efforts are being put forth to give Gandikota a world heritage status.
Major structures
In the fort are two ancient temples, dedicated to Madhava and Ranganatha. They are in ruins and the fort area is full of the debris of ages and many ancient structures in varying stages of decay. The large granary, with a vaulted roof, is now used as watchman's quarters. The Jamia Masjid has two adjacent minarets. A heritage festival is held every year in the fort area.
The other structures in the fort, include another large granary (used for storing food and grains late back), a magazine, a graceful 'pigeon tower' with fretted windows and an extensive palace built by bricks with some plastered decorations and some wells. There is an old cannon lying in the fort. There is the 'Rayalacheruvu' with its perennial springs irrigating some lime and plantain gardens. It is said that this 'Cheruvu' was connected to a fountain in Jamia Masjid by pipes, traces of which can still be seen.
There were other gardens and springs. There is an undated inscription on a boulder, near the 'Nagajhari' outside the fort, recording the gift of two gardens at the place to the temple. There was a garden called 'Parebagh' with a waterfall at the foot of the hills, on the bank of the Penneru.
There are multiple camping areas outside the Fort and on the banks of the Penna (Pennar) river.
The other main attractions at the fort includes House of the Drum (drums were used to alert the army in case of invasion), Charminar, Jail (where in the prisoners were held captive) and Red Koneru (Also known as pond of Swords, The huge lake in front of the mosque, where the warriors used to dip their swords in this lake and the waters used to turn blood red after the war).
Access and transportation
The nearest railway stations are Muddanuru which is 26 km (railway code: MOO) and Jammalamadugu (JMDG) in Kadapa District. There are number of trains from Gooty Junction. Recently the town of Jammalamadugu which is closest to Gandikota fort also got railway connectivity due to the completion of Nandyal–Yerraguntla section railway line. However frequency of trains on this line is very low.
There are buses available from Jammalamadugu Old Bus Stand (Gandhi Statue Junction) to Gandikota.
Inside the fort there is no means of transportation except to walk by foot. It is ideal to engage a guide as the fort area is huge. There is a good downhill trek through the canyon that leads to the riverbed. There is a dam upstream (Gandikota Dam) and a dam downstream (Mylavaram Dam).
There is a Haritha hotel run by Andhra Pradesh Tourism department which has lodging facilities. However the facilities are limited during the weekdays as the visitors during weekdays are low
Developments
In November 2015, Andhra Pradesh government cited a plan to develop Gandikota as next major tourist hub of Andhra Pradesh.
References
Further reading
Article about this visiting Gandikota: Grand Canyon at Gandikota, Deccan Chronicle newspaper (Hyderabad edition), 6 April 2012, Wanderlust Page: 21
External links
GandiKota Travel Guide to Plan Your Trip by Nature inFocus/
Imperial Gazetteer of India: About Gandikota
Water color paintings by Thomas Fraser and Sir Thomas Anburey-- in 1799 & 1802
French Traveller Tavernier's experience about Gandikota Fort & about Nawab of Gandikota while he was in India
Gandikota Fort Canyon - A Complete guide with Pictures!/
Villages in Kadapa district
Archaeological sites in Andhra Pradesh
Canyons and gorges of India
Tourist attractions in Kadapa district
1123 establishments in Asia
Populated places established in the 12th century
12th-century establishments in India |
5393853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film%20grain | Film grain | Film grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons. While film grain is a function of such particles (or dye clouds) it is not the same thing as such. It is an optical effect, the magnitude of which (amount of grain) depends on both the film stock and the definition at which it is observed. It can be objectionably noticeable in an over-enlarged film photograph.
RMS granularity
Granularity, or RMS granularity, is a numerical quantification of density non-uniformity, equal to the root-mean-square (rms) fluctuations in optical density, measured with a microdensitometer with a 0.048 mm (48-micrometre) diameter circular aperture, on a film area that has been exposed and normally developed to a mean density of 1.0 D (that is, it transmits 10% of light incident on it).
Granularity is sometimes quoted as "diffuse RMS granularity times 1000", so that a film with granularity 10 means an rms density fluctuation of 0.010 in the standard aperture area.
When the particles of silver are small, the standard aperture area measures an average of many particles, so the granularity is small. When the particles are large, fewer are averaged in the standard area, so there is a larger random fluctuation, and a higher granularity number.
The standard 0.048 mm aperture size derives from a drill bit used by an employee of Kodak.
Selwyn granularity
Film grain is also sometimes quantified in a way that is relative independent of size of the aperture through which the microdensitometer measures it, using R. Selwyn's observation (known as Selwyn's law) that, for a not too small aperture, the product of RMS granularity and the square root of aperture area tends to be independent of the aperture size. The Selwyn granularity is defined as:
where σ is the RMS granularity and a is the aperture area.
Grain effect with film and digital
The images below show an example of extreme film grain:
Digital photography does not exhibit film grain, since there is no film for any grain to exist within. In digital cameras, the closest physical equivalents of film grains are the individual elements of the image sensor (e.g. CCD cell), the pixels; just as small-grain film has better resolution but less sensitivity than large-grain film, so will an image sensor with more elements result in an image with better resolution but less light per pixel. Thus, like film grain, physical pixel size represents the compromise between resolution and sensitivity. However, while film grains are randomly distributed and have size variation, image sensor cells are of same size and are arranged in a grid, so direct comparison of film and digital resolutions is not straightforward. Instead, the ISO setting on a digital camera controls the gain of the electronic amplifier on the readout circuitry of the chip. Ultimately, high ISO settings on a digital camera operating in low light conditions does result in a noisy image, but the visual appearance is somewhat different from traditional photographic film.
The visual and artistic effect of film grain can be simulated in some digital photo manipulation programs by adding grain to a digital image after it is taken. Various raw image processing software packages (such as RawTherapee and DxO PhotoLab) feature "film simulation" effects that apply the characteristics of various film brands, including the graininess. Plugins for the same purpose also exist for various image editors such as Photoshop (e.g. in Nik Collection's Color/Silver Efex).
In digital photography, image noise sometimes appears as a "grain-like" effect.
Film grain overlay
Film grain overlay, sometimes referred to as "FGO", is a process in which film emulsion characteristics are overlaid using different levels of opacity onto a digital file. This process adds film grain characteristics, and in instances with moving images, subtle flicker to the more sterile looking digital medium.
As opposed to computer plug-ins, FGO is typically derived from actual film grain samples taken from film, shot against a gray card.
Because film grain is difficult to encode because of its random nature, some video codecs, notably AV1, include film grain synthesis, where the film grain is removed during encoding and replaced with parameters that describe the shape and density of the particles, and during playback the decoder uses these parameters to resynthesize the film grain.
See also
Film speed
References
Further reading
External links
Film Grain discussed at FLIP Animation blog Retrieved March 2013
Science of photography |
5393869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20of%20Brittany%2C%20Earl%20of%20Richmond | John of Brittany, Earl of Richmond | John of Brittany (; c. 1266 – 17 January 1334), 4th Earl of Richmond, was an English nobleman and a member of the Ducal house of Brittany, the House of Dreux. He entered royal service in England under his uncle Edward I, and also served Edward II. On 15 October 1306 he received his father's title of Earl of Richmond. He was named Guardian of Scotland in the midst of England's conflicts with Scotland and in 1311 Lord Ordainer during the baronial rebellion against Edward II.
John of Brittany served England as a soldier and as a diplomat but was otherwise politically inactive in comparison to other earls of his time. He was a capable diplomat, valued by both Edward I and Edward II for his negotiating skills. John was never married, and upon his death his title and estates fell to his nephew, John III, Duke of Brittany. Although he was generally loyal to his first cousin Edward II during the times of baronial rebellion, he eventually supported the coup of Isabella and Mortimer. After Edward II abdicated in favour of his son Edward III of England, John retired to his estates in France and died in his native Brittany in 1334 with no known issue.
Early life
John was the second surviving son of John II, Duke of Brittany, and his wife Beatrice, who together had three sons and three daughters who survived to adulthood. Beatrice was the daughter of Henry III of England, which made John the nephew of Henry's son and heir Edward I. His father held the title of Earl of Richmond, but was little involved in English political affairs. John was raised at the English court together with Edward I's son Henry, who died in 1274. He participated in tournaments in his youth, but never distinguished himself in his early roles as a soldier.
Service to Edward I
When in 1294 the French king confiscated King Edward's Duchy of Aquitaine, John travelled to France as the lieutenant of the Duchy, but failed to take Bordeaux. During Easter of 1295 he had to flee the town of Rions. In January 1297 he shared defeat at the Siege of Bellegarde with Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln. After this defeat, he returned to England.
Despite his poor results in France he remained highly regarded by his uncle King Edward I, who treated him almost as a son. After his return to England John became involved in the Scottish Wars. He was probably at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298. He was certainly at the Siege of Caerlaverock in 1300. The nobles who joined Edward I at the Siege of Caerlaverock, including John of Brittany, were commemorated in the Roll of Caerlaverock which named each noble and described their banner. In this roll, the banner and description of John of Brittany immediately follows that of his uncle King Edward I.
His father, the Duke of Brittany, died in 1305, and was succeeded as duke by John's elder brother, Arthur. The following year Edward I invested John with his father's other title, Earl of Richmond. In addition Edward I appointed him Guardian of Scotland, a position which was confirmed upon the accession of Edward II in 1307.
Service to Edward II
The English court viewed John of Brittany as a trusted diplomat. He was a skilled negotiator, and his French connections were a useful asset. By 1307 he was also one of the kingdom's oldest earls. As the relationship between Edward II and his nobility deteriorated, Richmond remained loyal to the king; in 1309 he went on an embassy to Pope Clement V on behalf of Edward's favourite Piers Gaveston. John was allegedly Gaveston's close personal friend, and did not share the antagonistic attitudes held by certain other earls.
Lord Ordainers
By 1310 the relationship between Edward II and his earls had deteriorated to the point where a committee of earls took control of government from the king. The earls disobeyed a royal order not to carry arms to parliament, and in full military attire presented a demand to the king for the appointment of a commission of reform. At the heart of the deteriorating situation was the peers' opinion of Edward II's relationship with Piers Gaveston, and his reputedly outrageous behaviour. On 16 March 1310, the king agreed to the appointment of Ordainers, who were to be in charge of the reform of the royal household. John of Brittany was one of eight earls appointed to this committee of 21, referred to as the Lords Ordainers. He was among the Ordainers considered loyal to Edward II and was also by this time one of the older remaining earls.
John then travelled to France for diplomatic negotiations, before returning to England. Gaveston was exiled by the Ordainers but later made an irregular return. Gaveston was killed in June 1312 by Thomas of Lancaster and other nobles. It fell upon John, together with Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, to reconcile the two parties after this event. In 1313 he followed Edward II on a state visit to France, and thereafter generally remained a trusted subject. In 1318 he witnessed the Treaty of Leake, which restored Edward to full power.
War with Scotland
In 1320 he again accompanied Edward II to France, and the next year he carried out peace negotiations with the Scots. When in 1322 Thomas of Lancaster rebelled and was defeated at the Battle of Boroughbridge, Richmond was present at his trial, and when Lancaster was sentenced to death. After this, the English invaded Scotland only to have their army starved when Robert the Bruce burned the country before them. The Bruce brought his army into England and crossed the Solway Firth in the west, making his way in a south-easterly direction towards Yorkshire; he brought many troops recruited in Argyll and the Isles. The boldness and speed of the attack soon exposed Edward II to danger, even in his own land. On his return from Scotland, the king had taken up residence at Rievaulx Abbey with Queen Isabella. His peace was interrupted when the Scots made a sudden and unexpected approach in mid-October. All that stood between them and a royal prize was a large English force under the command of John of Brittany. John had taken up a position on Scawton Moor, between Rievaulx and Byland Abbey. To dislodge John from his strong position on the high ground, Bruce used the same tactics that brought victory at the earlier Battle of the Pass of Brander. As Moray and Douglas charged uphill a party of Highlanders scaled the cliffs on the English flanks and charged downhill into John of Brittany's rearguard. Resistance crumbled, and the Battle of Old Byland turned into a rout. John himself was taken prisoner and given a tongue lashing by King Robert the Bruce for his treatment of the Scottish Queen while she was an English prisoner. John remained in captivity until 1324, when he was released for a ransom of 14,000 marks.
After his release, he continued his diplomatic activities in Scotland and France.
Final years
In March 1325 John of Brittany made a final return to France, where for the first time he made himself a clear opponent of Edward II. His lands in England were confiscated by the Crown. In France, John aligned himself with Queen Isabella, Edward II's wife, who had been sent on a diplomatic mission to France, and had disobeyed her husband's orders to return to England. Later when Edward II was forced to abdicate and his son Edward III ascended to the English throne, John of Brittany's English lands were restored. He spent his last years on his French estates, and he remained largely cut off from English political affairs. He died on 17 January 1334, and was buried in the church of the Franciscans in Nantes.
John of Brittany never married and as far as is known had no issue. He was succeeded as Earl of Richmond by his nephew John (Arthur's son).
Notes
References
Sources
Further reading
Earls of Richmond (1268 creation)
1266 births
1334 deaths
Guardians of Scotland
House of Dreux
13th-century Breton people
English people of the Wars of Scottish Independence
13th-century English people
14th-century English people |
5393873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Bradley%20%28English%20actor%29 | Paul Bradley (English actor) | Paul Bradley (born 28 May 1955) is an English television actor. He is best known for playing Nigel Bates in the BBC1 soap opera EastEnders from 1992 to 1998, and also as Elliot Hope in the BBC medical drama series Holby City, a role he played for ten years from 2005 to 2015 and again in 2019.
Education
Bradley was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire, one of six siblings (five brothers and one sister) born to Irish parents. Bradley was educated at St Benedict's School and the University of Manchester before joining the Royal Exchange Manchester repertory theatre company in the early 1980s.
Career
Bradley has appeared in a number television series including the roles above, The Young Ones, The Bill, Red Dwarf, Bottom, My Family and Alas Smith and Jones. He had a minor role in the multi-award-winning 2002 film The Pianist.
As a guitarist and vocalist, he co-leads the group The hKippers (the 'h' is silent) with Stephen Warbeck, Academy Award-winning composer of Shakespeare in Love.
In the summer of 2021, Bradley played Major Metcalfe in the long running West End play The Mousetrap.
Selected filmography
Holby City (2005–2015, 2019, 2022), Elliot Hope
Twisted Tales (2005), Mr. Pandemic
My Family (2002, 2004), Mr. Griffin
Doctors (2004, 2018), Patient with OCD / Billy Bourke
The Pianist (2002), Yehuda
C.U. Burn (1997), Doctor (one episode, Hata sa Leaba)
EastEnders (1992–1998), Nigel Bates
Alas Smith & Jones (1992)
Bottom (1992), Burglar
Murder Most Horrid (1991), Sergeant
Boon (1990), Clerk
Red Dwarf (1988, 1999), Chen
The Bill (1988), Henshaw
The Comic Strip Presents (1986), Jerry
References
1955 births
Living people
English male soap opera actors
English male film actors
English people of Irish descent
People educated at St Benedict's School
Alumni of the University of Manchester
People from Nuneaton
Male actors from Warwickshire |
5393880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Rachubka | Paul Rachubka | Paul Stephen Rachubka (; born 21 May 1981) is an English professional footballer who last played for Indian club Kerala Blasters FC as a goalkeeper in the Indian Super League. He now works as an accountant in Manchester.
Born in San Luis Obispo, California, to an English mother and an American father, Rachubka possesses dual nationality, having moved to England with his family when he was seven years old. He has represented England at under-16, under-18 and under-20 levels.
Club career
Early career at Manchester United and Charlton Athletic
Born in the United States, Rachubka grew up in England from the age of seven. He started playing football for a Stockport club called Norbury Moor Rangers. At the age of nine, after three months there, he was invited to join Manchester United by youth coach Brian Kidd. He signed a trainee contract in 1997 before turning professional in July 1999. He was included in the club's squad for the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship in Brazil and made his debut as a substitute in their final group match against South Melbourne on 11 January 2000. He made two more first-team appearances the following season, against Watford in the League Cup and Leicester City in the league. The 2001–02 season saw Rachubka go on a three-month loan to Manchester United's Belgian feeder club Royal Antwerp, followed by six months with Oldham Athletic. At the end of the season, Manchester United received a £200,000 bid for Rachubka from Charlton Athletic, and he left the club without having conceded a goal in any of his three appearances.
After failing to dislodge Dean Kiely in his two years at Charlton, Rachubka was loaned out five times, all in 2004; firstly to Burnley in February, then from March to the end of the 2003–04 season he was at Huddersfield Town. On 6 August, at the start of the 2004–05, he was loaned out to Milton Keynes Dons for one month. He then spent October and November with Northampton Town before returning again to Huddersfield Town, for a further month, on 5 December.
Huddersfield Town
Rachubka earned promotion with Huddersfield on loan during the 2003–04 season when they won the Division Three playoffs. After his contract expired with Charlton Athletic in 2004, Rachubka took the option to re-sign for Huddersfield Town. He was the first-choice goalkeeper at the Galpharm Stadium until Matt Glennon was signed during the summer of 2006.
Rachubka was sent on loan to Peterborough United as cover for Mark Tyler and played four League Two matches over the Christmas and New Year period of 2006–07.
Blackpool
On 31 January 2007, he went on loan to Blackpool as back-up for Rhys Evans, the ninth loan move of his career. He made his debut for the Seasiders on 27 February and kept a clean sheet in a 1–0 win at his former club Oldham Athletic. On 2 April he was named in the Press Association's League One "Team of the Week", alongside Blackpool teammate Wes Hoolahan, for his performance in the 2–1 win over Crewe Alexandra.
Also in April, Rachubka picked up an injury that kept him out of the team for six weeks. Blackpool's other 'keepers, Rhys Evans and Lewis Edge, also picked up concurrent injuries, which led to Seasiders boss Simon Grayson bringing in Manchester City's Joe Hart on loan as an emergency stand-in.
When Hart returned to Manchester City, Rachubka returned to the Blackpool first team on 13 May 2007, for the first leg of the League One play-off semi-final against Oldham Athletic. Blackpool won both legs, and Rachubka played in the final on 27 May at the newly renovated Wembley Stadium. Blackpool won 2–0 against Yeovil Town, gaining promotion to The Championship.
On 5 June 2007, five days after his contract at Huddersfield expired, Blackpool signed Rachubka on a permanent two-year deal. On 13 August 2007 he was named in The Championship "Team of the Week" for his performance on the opening day of the 2007–08 season, two days before, in the Seasiders single-goal victory over Leicester City at the Walkers Stadium.
Rachubka was one of two ever-present players during Blackpool's 2007–08 League season, the other being Shaun Barker. Rachubka won the 2007–08 Blackpool Player Of The Year.
He made his 100th appearance for the Legendary Seasiders early in the 2009–10 season, in a 2–2 draw with Watford at Vicarage Road. In April 2009 Rachubka signed a new two-year deal at Blackpool.
Following his performance in Blackpool's 2–0 win over Peterborough United on 26 September 2009 at Bloomfield Road, Rachubka was named in The Championship "Team of the Week". On 8 December, Rachubka made his 100th League appearance for Blackpool since making the permanent switch, in a 3–0 win over Middlesbrough at the Riverside Stadium. Rachubka started the season as Blackpool's first choice goalkeeper, however after being sent off in a 4–1 loss against Crystal Palace, substitute goalkeeper Matt Gilks came into the side and managed to displace Rachubka who dropped to second choice due to the impressive form of Gilks. He made 20 league appearances for Blackpool that season as they earned promotion to the Premier League via the playoffs after beating Cardiff City.
After being promoted to the Premier League with Blackpool, Blackpool manager Ian Holloway confirmed that Rachubka would be out of action for some time following a knee operation. As such, he was not named in Blackpool's 24-man squad for the start of their Premier League campaign the following season. Blackpool signed Ghana goalkeeper Richard Kingson who became the club's number two during Rachubka's time out injured. Even after returning to fitness, he had to wait until January 2011 to be registered in the Blackpool 25 man squad, when squads to see clubs through until the end of the season were named. Manager Ian Holloway said it was an error not to have named Rachubka in his initial 25 man squad for the first half of the season.
On 8 January 2011, Rachubka made his first start for Blackpool in a year, against Southampton in the Third Round of the FA Cup. In February 2011, Rachubka suffered another knee injury which ruled him out for large parts of the second half of the season. He returned to light training for Blackpool in mid-March. After only making three appearances during the 2010–11 season, Rachubka was released by Blackpool after they decided not to take up the one-year contract extension they had on Rachubka.
Leeds United
On 23 June 2011, Rachubka put pen to paper and signed for Leeds United on a two-year contract as the backup goalkeeper, he linked up with Simon Grayson who was the manager that signed Rachubka for Blackpool. Rachubka revealed that despite being brought in as a number two he was looking to compete and win the number one shirt.
Rachubka made his debut for Leeds on 23 August against Doncaster Rovers in the League Cup. Rachubka made his league debut for Leeds against Doncaster Rovers on 14 October as a substitute replacing the injured Andy Lonergan.
On loan transfer deadline day, 24 November, Rachubka joined Tranmere Rovers on loan until January to help recapture some form. This was then extended by 2 months.
After returning to Leeds, Rachubka joined Leyton Orient on loan until 6 April.
On 1 December 2012, Rachubka joined Accrington Stanley initially on a week-long emergency loan basis due to an injury sustained to first choice goalkeeper Ian Dunbavin. He made his debut for Stanley the same day in their second round FA Cup tie against Oxford United and was named man-of-the-match. The loan was extended twice, on 6 December, and 14 December, and continued into 2013 after Dunbavin's injury ruling him out for most of the season.
On 3 May, it was announced that Rachubka would be released by Leeds upon the expiry of his two-year contract.
Oldham Athletic
On 7 September 2013, Rachubka joined Oldham Athletic for the second time in his career, signing a short-term deal until January 2014.
After establishing himself as the number one goalkeeper towards the end of the season ahead of Mark Oxley, and a string of excellent performances, Rachubka was rewarded with a new one-year contract extension. On 2 February 2015, Rachubka had his contract cancelled by the club after Kean was brought into the club as the new number one goalkeeper.
Crewe Alexandra
On 21 February 2015, Rachubka made his debut for Crewe as a substitute in their 2–0 defeat at Barnsley, scoring an own goal.
Bolton Wanderers
On 5 September 2015, Bolton Wanderers signed Rachubka on a one-year contract to provide cover for Ben Amos.
He made his debut for the Wanderers on 16 January 2016, when coming on as a 12th-minute substitute for midfielder Josh Vela in a 3–0 defeat against Nottingham Forest at The City Ground after Amos had been sent off for a foul on Jamie Ward. At the end of the 2015–16 season, the club confirmed that he would be leaving when his contract expired at the end of June.
Kerala Blasters
After spending a season with Bury following his release by Bolton, Rachubka signed for Indian Super League side Kerala Blasters in August 2017, linking up with former Manchester United teammate Wes Brown. He made his debut for the Kerala club in the opening match of the 2017–18 season against ATK in Kochi, where the match ended in a 0–0 draw.
International career
Rachubka has represented England at under-16, under-18 and under-20 levels. He was in the England under-20 squad that played at the 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship in Nigeria. He started the last game against Japan under-20s. Rachubka also witnessed the United States' 1–0 victory over England in the group opener in the same tournament.
Honours
Individual
Blackpool Player of the Year: 2007–08
References
External links
1981 births
People from San Luis Obispo, California
Living people
American emigrants to the United Kingdom
Association football goalkeepers
English footballers
English expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Belgium
Manchester United F.C. players
Royal Antwerp F.C. players
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Burnley F.C. players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
Milton Keynes Dons F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Peterborough United F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Leeds United F.C. players
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Leyton Orient F.C. players
Accrington Stanley F.C. players
Crewe Alexandra F.C. players
Bolton Wanderers F.C. players
Kerala Blasters FC players
Premier League players
Belgian First Division A players
English Football League players
England youth international footballers |
5393885 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Morritt | Andrew Morritt | Sir Robert Andrew Morritt, CVO (born 5 February 1938), is a former British judge who served as Chancellor of the High Court of England and Wales.
Life and career
Morritt was educated at Eton College and Magdalene College, Cambridge, and was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1962. He was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1977 and was Attorney-General to the Prince of Wales from 1978 to 1988.
On 15 April 1988, he was appointed a Justice of the High Court, receiving the customary knighthood, and assigned to the Chancery Division. He served from 1991 to 1994 as Vice-Chancellor of the County Palatine of Lancaster, the judge responsible for Chancery Division business in the North and North East of England. On 3 October 1994, he was appointed to the Court of Appeal, and received the customary appointment to the Privy Council.
He was appointed Vice-Chancellor of the Supreme Court (in effect the head of the Chancery Division of the High Court) on 17 July 2000. On 1 October 2005, his title was changed to Chancellor of the High Court under the provisions of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005. Morritt retired as Chancellor of the High Court on 10 January 2013.
Morritt was Treasurer of Lincoln's Inn in 2005. His family owns Rokeby Park in County Durham.
References
External links
Senior judiciary biographies - The Chancellor of the High Court
1938 births
Living people
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Chancery Division judges
Members of Lincoln's Inn
Attorneys-General of the Duchy of Cornwall
Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
Knights Bachelor |
5393897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setenil%20de%20las%20Bodegas | Setenil de las Bodegas | Setenil de las Bodegas is a town (pueblo) and municipality in the province of Cádiz, Spain, famous for its dwellings built into rock overhangs above the Río Guadalporcún. According to the 2005 census, the city has a population of 3,016 inhabitants.
This small town is located northeast of Cádiz. It has a distinctive setting along a narrow river gorge. The town extends along the course of the Rio Trejo with some houses being built into the rock walls of the gorge itself, created by enlarging natural caves or overhangs and adding an external wall.
Setenil has a reputation for its meat products, particularly chorizo sausage and cerdo (pork) from pigs bred in the surrounding hills. As well as meat, it has a reputation for producing fine pasteles (pastries), and its bars and restaurants are among the best in the region. Its outlying farms also provide Ronda and other local towns with much of their fruit and vegetables.
History
Modern Setenil evolved from a fortified Moorish town that occupied a bluff overlooking a sharp bend in the Rio Trejo northwest of Ronda. The castle dates from at least the Almohad period in the 12th century.
The site was certainly occupied during the Roman invasion of the region in the 1st century AD. Setenil was once believed to be the successor of the Roman town of Laccipo, but it was subsequently proved that Laccipo became the town of Casares in Malaga. Given the evidence of other nearby cave-dwelling societies, such as those at the Cueva de la Pileta west of Ronda, where habitation has been tracked back more than 25,000 years, it is possible that Setenil was occupied much much earlier. Most evidence of this would have been erased by continuous habitation.
Tradition holds that the town's Castilian name came from the Roman Latin phrase septem nihil ('seven times nothing'). This is said to refer to the Moorish town's resistance to Christian assault, allegedly being captured only after seven sieges. This took place in the final years of the Christian Reconquest. Besieged unsuccessfully in 1407, Setenil finally fell in 1484 when Christian forces expelled the Moorish occupants. Using gunpowder artillery, the Christians took fifteen days to capture the castle whose ruins dominate the town today.
Due to the strategic importance of Setenil, the victory was celebrated widely in Castile and was the source of several legends in local folklore. Isabella I of Castile is said to have miscarried during the siege with the ermita of San Sebastian being built as a tribute to the dead child, who was named Sebastian. However, there appears to be no historical basis to this story.
The full name of Setenil de las Bodegas dates from the 15th century, when new Christian settlers, in addition to maintaining the Arab olive and almond groves, introduced vineyards. The first two crops still flourish in the district but the once flourishing wineries—bodegas— were wiped out by the phylloxera insect infestation of the 1860s, which effectively destroyed most European vine stocks.
Demographics
Gallery
References
External links
Setenil de las Bodegas - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía
Setenil de las Bodegas at Unusual places website
Municipalities of the Province of Cádiz |
5393917 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20%28EP%29 | Silver (EP) | Silver is the second EP by Jesu, their third release overall, released by Hydra Head Records on 11 April 2006. This album shows a more melodic and poppy side to the band than the previous two Jesu releases, drawing comparisons to shoegazing bands such as My Bloody Valentine and Ride. Pitchfork Media placed the title track at number 488 on their "The Top 500 Tracks of the 2000s" list. Decibel ranked the EP the 6th best release of 2006 and the 26th best release of the decade.
The Japanese edition of this album contains two additional mixes of the songs "Silver" and "Wolves".
Track listing
"Silver" – 6:44
"Star" – 7:00
"Wolves" – 8:27
"Dead Eyes" – 6:26
"Silver (Original Beats)" – 6:57 †
"Wolves (Original Mix)" – 8:35 †
† indicates a track exclusive to the Japanese edition of the album.
Personnel
Justin Broadrick – guitar, vocals, programming
Diarmuid Dalton – bass
Ted Parsons – drums on "Silver"
References
Jesu (band) albums
Albums produced by Justin Broadrick
2006 EPs
Post-metal EPs
Albums with cover art by Aaron Turner
Hydra Head Records EPs
pl:Silver |
5393954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck%20Arnason | Chuck Arnason | Ernest Charles Arnason (born July 15, 1951) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right wing who played 401 games over eight seasons in the National Hockey League for the Montreal Canadiens, Atlanta Flames, Pittsburgh Penguins, Kansas City Scouts, Cleveland Barons, Colorado Rockies, Minnesota North Stars and Washington Capitals.
He was the first player in NHL history to play for five defunct teams.
Personal life
Arnason was born in Dauphin, Manitoba and raised in Ashern, Manitoba.
Arnason and his wife Leanne have two children, a son, Tyler who played in the NHL from 2001 to 2009 and a daughter, Aubrey who is an actress and screenwriter.
Awards and achievements
MJHL Goal Scoring Leader (1969)
WCHL Scoring Champion (1971)
WCHL Goals Leader (1971)
WCHL All-Star Team (1971)
Honoured Member of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
Transactions
On June 10, 1971 the Montreal Canadiens selected Chuck Arnason in the first-round (#7 overall) of the 1971 NHL draft.
On May 29, 1973 the Montreal Canadiens traded Chuck Arnason to the Atlanta Flames in exchange for a 1974 first-round pick (#10-Rick Chartraw).
On January 4, 1974 the Atlanta Flames traded Chuck Arnason and Bob Paradise to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Al McDonough.
On January 9, 1976 the Pittsburgh Penguins traded Chuck Arnason, Steve Durbano and a 1976 first-round pick (#11-Paul Gardner) to the Kansas City Scouts in exchange for Simon Nolet, Ed Gilbert and a 1976 first-round pick (#2-Blair Chapman).
On July 15, 1976 the Kansas City Scouts moved to Colorado and renamed Colorado Rockies.
On January 9, 1978 the Colorado Rockies traded Chuck Arnason and Rick Jodzio to the Cleveland Barons in exchange for Ralph Klassen and Fred Ahern.
On June 15, 1978 Chuck Arnason was placed on the Minnesota North Stars reserve list following Cleveland Barons/Minnesota North Stars merger.
On March 12, 1979 the Minnesota North Stars traded Chuck Arnason to the Washington Capitals for future considerations.
On April 24, 1979 the Washington Capitals traded Chuck Arnason to the Minnesota North Stars for future considerations.
On July 19, 1979 the Minnesota North Stars traded Chuck Arnason to the Vancouver Canucks for cash.
References
External links
Profile at hockeydraftcentral.com
1951 births
Living people
Atlanta Flames players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Cleveland Barons (NHL) players
Colorado Rockies (NHL) players
Flin Flon Bombers players
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Kansas City Scouts players
Minnesota North Stars players
Montreal Canadiens draft picks
Montreal Canadiens players
National Hockey League first round draft picks
Sportspeople from Dauphin, Manitoba
People from Interlake Region, Manitoba
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Washington Capitals players |
5393956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20Hall%20Pass | Universal Hall Pass | Universal Hall Pass is a one-person band formed in 2001 by Melissa R. Kaplan, formerly of Splashdown.
Universal Hall Pass's only full-length album, Mercury, was released in 2004, featuring eleven songs. In December, 2006, UHP released a six-song EP entitled Subtle Things, on which Kaplan worked with ex-bandmate Kasson Crooker. Since then, UHP has released a small number of self-produced individual tracks online.
Discography
Mercury (LP, 2004)
Tutelary Genius
Dragonfly
Misdirected
No One
Katrinah Josephina
Six-Step Dragon
Avatar
Solar/Lunar
Special Agent
Quiet Use Of Charm
Outro
Subtle Things (EP, 2006)
Sally's Song
Cave Radio
Forms of Imprisonment
Avatar (Tragic Chorus Remix)
Dragonfly (Scarce Chaser Remix)
No One (CIFR Remix)
Self-released single tracks
Ring of Fire
The Crickets Sing For Anamaria
Lyra
Sin Eater
de-Orbit Burn Equation
External links
UHP on MySpace
UHP on Facebook
Melissa Kaplan on IMDb
UHP on Bandcamp
UHP on SoundCloud
Musical groups established in 2001 |
5393959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirey%20Brook | Mirey Brook | Mirey Brook is a stream in northern Massachusetts and southwestern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Ashuelot River, itself a tributary of the Connecticut River, which flows to Long Island Sound.
Mirey Brook begins in the town of Warwick, Massachusetts, at the outlet of a wetland at the northern base of Mount Grace. It flows north to the head of Sunny Valley, where it receives Mountain Brook and Kidder Brook from the southeast. Continuing north, the brook enters the town limits of Winchester, New Hampshire, just as the valley changes from steep and narrow to flat and wide. The brook reaches the Ashuelot River at the village of Winchester.
State Route 78 follows Mirey Brook from its confluence with Mountain Brook to its mouth at the Ashuelot.
A major tributary of Mirey Brook is Roaring Brook, which enters from the east near the village of Scotland, New Hampshire.
See also
List of rivers of Massachusetts
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
Rivers of New Hampshire
Rivers of Franklin County, Massachusetts
Tributaries of the Connecticut River
Rivers of Massachusetts
Rivers of Cheshire County, New Hampshire |
5393960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuben%20Moon | Reuben Moon | Reuben Osborne Moon (July 22, 1847 – October 26, 1919) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania.
Moon was born in Jobstown, New Jersey. He graduated from the National School of Oratory, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1874. He became a professor in the National School of Oratory, and engaged in lecturing and studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1884 and commenced practice in Philadelphia. He was one of the founders and president of the Columbia Club.
He was elected in 1903 as a Republican to the 58th Congress, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative Robert H. Foerderer. He served as Chairman, Committee on Revision of the Laws in the 59th through 61st Congresses. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1912.
He died in Philadelphia on October 26, 1919. He is interred at West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd, PA.
References
1847 births
1919 deaths
People from Springfield Township, Burlington County, New Jersey
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
19th-century American politicians |
5393965 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD%20Guadalajara%20%28Spain%29 | CD Guadalajara (Spain) | Club Deportivo Guadalajara, S.A.D. is a Spanish football club based in Guadalajara, in the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha. Founded in 1947 it currently plays in Segunda División B – Group 2, holding home matches at Estadio Pedro Escartín, with a capacity for 8,000 seats.
History
Guadalajara was founded on 10 January 1947, playing its first match in the amateur league against Real Ávila CF, a 2–1 win. In 1970 its grounds, Pedro Escartín (in honour of a former referee), were inaugurated.
On 18 July 1985, on the day of the club hymn's official presentation, the club first appeared in the Copa del Rey, against Rayo Vallecano. It would spend the first sixty years of its existence in the fourth division and the regional leagues.
Guadalajara first reached the third level at the end of 2006–07, after a 3–2 aggregate win against UD Las Palmas Atlético in the playoffs. After four seasons in the category, the club climbed to division two: after finishing second in the regular season, promotion was achieved after a comeback against CD Mirandés in the playoffs (2–1 away success after a 0–1 home loss).
On 4 June 2013, shortly before the second division season was over, Guadalajara was dropped back to the third category after a two-year spell even though it eventually finished above the relegation zone, due to alleged financial irregularities.
Season to season
2 seasons in Segunda División
7 seasons in Segunda División B
50 seasons in Tercera División
1 season in Tercera División RFEF
Current squad
References
External links
Futbolme team profile
BDFutbol team profile
Football clubs in Castilla–La Mancha
Association football clubs established in 1947
1947 establishments in Spain
Sport in Guadalajara, Spain
Segunda División clubs |
5393980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylliidae | Phylliidae | The family Phylliidae (often misspelled Phyllidae) contains the extant true leaf insects or walking leaves, which include some of the most remarkably camouflaged leaf mimics (mimesis) in the entire animal kingdom. They occur from South Asia through Southeast Asia to Australia. Earlier sources treat Phylliidae as a much larger taxon, containing genera in what are presently considered to be several different families.
Characteristics
Leaf insects are camouflaged taking on the appearance of leaves. They do this so accurately that predators often are not able to distinguish them from real leaves. In some species, the edge of the leaf insect's body even has the appearance of bite marks. To further confuse predators, when the leaf insect walks, it rocks back and forth, to mimic a real leaf being blown by the wind.
The scholar Antonio Pigafetta probably was the first Western person to document the creature, though it was known to people in the tropics since a long time. Sailing with Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigational expedition, he studied and chronicled the fauna on the island of Cimbonbon as the fleet hauled ashore for repairs. During this time he documented the Phyllium species with the following passage:
Tribes, genera and species
The subfamily Phylliinae has been divided into two tribes since 2003. This classification is not confirmed by more recent molecular genetics investigations. In addition to the fossil genus Eophyllium, the subfamily distinguishes thirteen recent genera, eight of which have been described since 2017. Within the genus Phyllium, the subgenus Pulchriphyllium, set up by Achille Griffini in 1898, has been distinguished from Phyllium since 1898. With Comptaphyllium and Walaphyllium two more subgenera became in 2019 and 2020. As of 2021, all three subgenera are considered separate genera.
Since 2021, in addition to morphological, molecular genetic studies have also increasingly been included in clarification of the phylogeny of Phylliidae. Their results show the general relationship between the genera, but when comparing female and male representatives, they do not yet provide a clear phylogenetic picture of the recent genera.
Cladograms of the Phylliidae species determined on the basis of molecular genetics analysis and morphological investigations according to Cumming and Le Tirant (2022):
The Phasmida Species File (V. 5.0) lists the following genera in two tribes:
Phylliini
Auth.
Chitoniscus (Pacific)
Chitoniscus feejeeanus
Chitoniscus lobipes
Chitoniscus lobiventris - type species (as Phyllium lobiventre )
Comptaphyllium (Australasia)
Comptaphyllium caudatum - type species (as Phyllium caudatum )
Comptaphyllium regina
Comptaphyllium riedeli
Cryptophyllium (SE Asia).Selected species:
Cryptophyllium athanysus
Cryptophyllium celebicum - type species (as Phyllium celebicum )
Cryptophyllium westwoodii
Microphyllium (Northern Philippine Islands)
Microphyllium haskelli
Microphyllium spinithorax - type species
Phyllium (Sundaland, Philippine Islands, Wallacea, Australasia).Selected species:
Phyllium bilobatum
Phyllium hausleithneri
Phyllium jacobsoni
Phyllium letiranti
Phyllium siccifolium - type species (as Gryllus siccifolius )
Pseudomicrophyllium (Northern Philippine Islands)
Pseudomicrophyllium geryon
Pseudomicrophyllium pusillulum - type species (as Pseudomicrophyllium faulkneri )
Pulchriphyllium (Seychelles, India, Western Indonesia, continental Asia)Selected species:
Pulchriphyllium bioculatum (
Pulchriphyllium giganteum (
Pulchriphyllium pulchrifolium - type species (as Phyllium pulchrifolium )
Rakaphyllium (New Guinea and Ayu Islands)
Rakaphyllium exsectum
Rakaphyllium schultzei – type species (as Pulchriphyllium schultzei )
Trolicaphyllium (Pacific)
Trolicaphyllium brachysoma - type species (as Phyllium brachysoma )
Trolicaphyllium erosus
Trolicaphyllium sarrameaense
Vaabonbonphyllium (New Guinea and Solomon Islands)
Vaabonbonphyllium groesseri ( – type species (as Phyllium groesseri )
Vaabonbonphyllium rafidahae
Walaphyllium (Australasia)
Walaphyllium lelantos
Walaphyllium monteithi
Walaphyllium zomproi - type species (as Phyllium zomproi )
Nanophylliini
Auth.
Acentetaphyllium (New Guinea)
Acentetaphyllium brevipenne – type species (as Phyllium brevipennis )
Acentetaphyllium larssoni
Acentetaphyllium miyashitai
Acentetaphyllium stellae
Nanophyllium (Southern Indonesia, New Guinea, NE Australia)
Nanophyllium adisi
Nanophyllium asekiense
Nanophyllium australianum
Nanophyllium chitoniscoides
Nanophyllium daphne
Nanophyllium frondosum
Nanophyllium hasenpuschi
Nanophyllium keyicum
Nanophyllium pygmaeum – type species
Nanophyllium rentzi
Nanophyllium suzukii
Captivity
Several species have gained in popularity as pets including Cryptophyllium celebicum, Cryptophyllium westwoodii, Phyllium jacobsoni, Phyllium ericoriai, Phyllium siccifolium, Phyllium letiranti, Phyllium monteithi, Phyllium philippinicum , Phyllium rubrum, Phyllium tobeloense, Pulchriphyllium bioculatum and Pulchriphyllium giganteum .
Extinct species
A 47-million-year-old fossil of Eophyllium messelensis, a prehistoric ancestor of Phylliidae, displays many of the same characteristics of modern leaf insects, indicating that this family has changed little over time.
References
External links
Phasmid Study Group: Phylliidae
Phasmatodea families
Taxa named by Ludwig Redtenbacher
pl:Liściec |
5393984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torre%20Alh%C3%A1quime | Torre Alháquime | Torre Alháquime is a village located in the province of Cádiz, southern Spain. It is home to a Moorish castle and cemetery (13th-14th centuries).
References
External links
Torre Alháquime - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía
Municipalities of the Province of Cádiz |
5393987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister%20of%20State%20at%20the%20Department%20of%20Defence | Minister of State at the Department of Defence | The Minister of State at the Department of Defence () is a junior ministerial post in the Department of Defence of the Government of Ireland who performs duties and functions delegated by the Minister for Defence. Although the position has often been held jointly with that of the post of Minister of State at the Department of the Taoiseach with responsibility as Government Chief Whip, which entitles the office-holder to regularly attend meetings of cabinet, the position of Minister of State does not itself hold cabinet rank. The title was first used on 1 January 1978, replacing the position of Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Defence. The Minister of State at the Department of Defence is a member of the Council of Defence.
The current Minister of State is Jack Chambers, TD, who was appointed in November 2020. Chambers is also Government Chief Whip and Minister of State at the Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media.
List of Parliamentary Secretaries to the Minister for Defence 1924–1978
List of Ministers of State at the Department of Defence 1978–present
References
Defence
Department of Defence (Ireland) |
5393990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light%20%26%20Wonder | Light & Wonder | Light & Wonder, Inc., formerly Scientific Games Corporation (SG), is an American corporation that provides gambling products and services. The company is headquartered in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Light & Wonder's gaming division provides products such as slot machines, table games, shuffling machines, and casino management systems. Its brands include Bally, WMS, and Shuffle Master.
History
The company traces its history to Autotote, a manufacturer of totalizator systems for parimutuel wagering at racetracks. The history of Autotote dates to 1917, when George Julius founded Automatic Totalisators Limited in Australia to build the totalizator system he had invented.
Automatic Totalisators opened its U.S. office in New York City in 1953, and then moved it to Wilmington, Delaware in 1956. It moved again to Newark, Delaware in 1972. In 1978, the U.S. division was renamed as Autotote Ltd., to reflects its diversification into businesses other than totalizators, such as lottery systems, off-track betting, and slot machine accounting.
In 1979, Autotote Ltd. was acquired for $17 million by a group led by Thomas H. Lee Co.
In 1989, United Tote, another leading totalizator company, purchased Autotote for $85 million. Before the companies' operations could be integrated, the merger was challenged by federal antitrust regulators. A 1991 court ruling forced the company to split back up. The former United Tote assets were sold back to that company's founders, the Shelhamer family, and what remained of the company was renamed as Autotote Corporation, now a publicly traded company.
In 2000, Autotote bought Scientific Games Holdings Corp., a maker of instant lottery equipment, for $308 million. Scientific Games was founded in 1973, and introduced the first secure instant lottery ticket in 1974. The combined company changed its name from Autotote to Scientific Games Corporation in 2001.
By 2002, two-thirds of the $20 billion wagered annually on racing in North America was tracked by Autotote computers. Autotote supplied parimutuel wagering systems worldwide. These were automated, computerized off-track and on-track systems for betting on horse races and greyhound racing. It was an integrated system for off-track betting, keeping track of race results and winning tickets, and race simulcasting. The security of Autotote software for the racing industry garnered media attention in 2002 when one of their software developers attempted to steal $3 million through a hole in their software and processes described as "an example of a very simple exploitation of a rather stupid design flaw."
The role of Autotote's software in the 2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal caused the National Thoroughbred Racing Association to take swift action in the face of a growing outcry once the nature of the scam emerged. It required all tote companies to modify their software to transmit betting information immediately after the bet has closed. It also pressured its member tracks into not doing business with parlors that did not have the ability to record wagers taken over the phone.
In 2007, the New York Times credited Scientific Games and Gtech for transforming what was known "historically [as] an underground operation run by mobsters" into "a lucrative, state-sponsored corporate enterprise." The Autotote racing division was sold to Sportech in 2010.
In March 2017, Scientific Games acquired rights to use the James Bond franchise through a deal with Eon Productions and MGM Interactive.
SG launched its social gaming division, SciPlay, as a publicly traded company in 2019, selling a minority share in the business through an initial public offering.
In 2020, SG began a strategic review with the aim of deleveraging its balance sheet, as it struggled under $9.2 billion of debt. The company ultimately decided to sell its lottery and sports betting businesses, to focus on its casino gaming business. In 2021, SG agreed to sell its sports betting division to Endeavor Group Holdings for $1.2 billion, and to sell its lottery division to Brookfield Business Partners for $6.1 billion. As the divested lottery business took the Scientific Games name, the company announced in March 2022 that it would rebrand as Light & Wonder.
Subsidiaries
Wholly owned subsidiaries of Light & Wonder include The Global Draw, Barcrest, Bally Technologies, WMS Industries, MDI Entertainment, LLC, and NYX Gaming Group Limited.
In 2006, the company acquired the lottery operations of the Swedish firm EssNet, as well as The Global Draw which provides server-based gambling machines to betting shops in the UK. Another UK-based gaming company Barcrest was acquired from IGT in 2010. Barcrest is the owner of Deal Games and a producer of betting and gambling terminals. Scientific Games later acquired the slot machine maker Bally Technologies, in November 2014, for $3.3 billion plus $1.8 billion in assumed debt. In October 2013, the company bought WMS Industries, the third largest manufacturer of slot machines, for $1.5 billion.
In 2016, the company acquired DEQ Systems, a Canadian table-game maker. The mobile bingo app maker Spicerack Media Inc. was acquired in April 2017 to expand the Scientific Games social gaming division. Scientific Games also announced the $631 million acquisition of NYX Gaming Group Limited in September 2017. When NYX acquisition was completed, the company gained the sports-betting platform OpenBet which handles about 80% of all sports betting in the UK as of 2018. In November 2021, SG acquired Authentic Gaming, a provider of live streaming casino games.
In May 2022, after previously reaching an exclusive distribution agreement with the company in Europe and North America, Light and Wonder acquired Playzido.
References
External links
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
Gambling companies of the United States
Companies based in Las Vegas
Slot machine manufacturers |
5393994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tara%20Sharma | Tara Sharma | Tara Sharma (born 11 January 1977) is a British actress, entrepreneur, creator, co-producer and host of The Tara Sharma Show. She is the daughter of authors Partap Sharma and Susan Sharma. She made her bollywood debut in Anupam Kher directorial debut Om Jai Jagadish in 2002. Then she went onto star in various commercially and critically hit films like Masti (2004), Page 3 (2005), Khosla Ka Ghosla (2006), Maharathi (2008), Mumbai Cutting (2009), Dulha Mil Gaya (2010) and Kadakh (2019). Apart from Hindi films, she has appeared in english television shows and english films like Raven: The Secret Temple (2007) and The Other End of the Line (2008).
Early life and education
Tara was born to an Indian author and playwright Partap Sharma and British artist and author Susan Sharma. She studied at the Bombay International School and the United World College of the Adriatic, Italy. Thereafter, she completed her B.Sc in Management at the London School of Economics.
Career
After graduating from LSE, Sharma was a financial consultant at Citibank and Accenture. She appeared in advertisements for Lakme, Garnier, Liril, and Pepsi, the latter included a commercial with Shah Rukh Khan which proved to be a stepping stone into movies.
She debuted in Anupam Kher's Om Jai Jagadish, followed by Khosla Ka Ghosla, Page 3, Saaya, and Masti.
Sharma creates, co-produces and hosts The Tara Sharma Show, a multi-platform show to discuss topical family, parenting, women's and children's issues, with a view to bringing about positive change. The show has completed five seasons having aired on Pogo, NDTV Imagine, Colors, Nickelodeon and Star World. The show is also available to view on her social media platforms YouTube, Facebook and Instagram.
Personal life
She married media entrepreneur Roopak Saluja in November 2007. They have two children, Zen and Kai.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
The Tara Sharma Show
Tara Sharma interview with impactmania
Living people
1977 births
Actresses from London
British emigrants to India
Actresses from Mumbai
British film actresses
British voice actresses
British people of Indian descent
British actresses of Indian descent
Actresses in Hindi cinema
British expatriate actresses in India
European actresses in India
European actresses in Bollywood
Actresses of European descent in Indian films
Actresses of European descent in Bollywood films
Alumni of the London School of Economics
People educated at a United World College
21st-century British actresses |
5393997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary%20amenable%20group | Elementary amenable group | In mathematics, a group is called elementary amenable if it can be built up from finite groups and abelian groups by a sequence of simple operations that result in amenable groups when applied to amenable groups. Since finite groups and abelian groups are amenable, every elementary amenable group is amenable - however, the converse is not true.
Formally, the class of elementary amenable groups is the smallest subclass of the class of all groups that satisfies the following conditions:
it contains all finite and all abelian groups
if G is in the subclass and H is isomorphic to G, then H is in the subclass
it is closed under the operations of taking subgroups, forming quotients, and forming extensions
it is closed under directed unions.
The Tits alternative implies that any amenable linear group is locally virtually solvable; hence, for linear groups, amenability and elementary amenability coincide.
References
Infinite group theory
Properties of groups |
5394007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan%20Thorne | Ryan Thorne | Ryan Thorne (born 1971 in Montreal, Quebec) is the current head basketball coach of the McGill Redbirds basketball team, in Montreal, since the 2021-2022 season. Prior to that he was the head coach of the McGill Martlets basketball team from 2002 to 2021.
He grew up in LaSalle, Quebec, where he learned to play basketball and polish his game at Ouellette Park, a basketball court that was a hotbed for basketball talent coming out of, not only the city of LaSalle but of Montréal as well. He was a basketball star while attending high school at Argyle Academy, in Verdun, Quebec. After high school, he went on to star, and become an All-Canadian basketball stand out at John Abbott College in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, on Montréal's West Island. At John Abbott College, he was also the team captain and team MVP. He was heavily recruited by all the major universities in Québec, including some Division II NCAA colleges in the United States, particularly in Florida. He opted to attend Bishops University, in Lennoxville, Qu3bec, where again he achieved All-Canadian honours and won a National CIAU (now CIS) Championship, as well as team MVP, and was team captain. His brother Adrian played football at the University of Waterloo, in Waterloo, Ontario.
External links
http://www.athletics.mcgill.ca/varsity_sports_home.ch2?varsitysport_id=23
See also
List of people from Montreal
1971 births
Living people
Anglophone Quebec people
Bishops Gaiters basketball players
Canadian basketball coaches
U Sports coaches
Canadian men's basketball players
People from LaSalle, Quebec
Basketball players from Montreal |
5394014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesa%20Public%20Schools | Mesa Public Schools | Mesa Public Schools (incorporated as Mesa Unified School District #4) is the largest public school district in the state of Arizona. Its approximately 64,000 students enjoy opportunities such as Montessori, International Baccalaureate, dual-language immersion, honors and Advanced Placement courses and Franklin traditional schools.
MPS serves most of the city of Mesa, plus small portions of Tempe and Chandler.
The district has 82 schools, which includes 55 elementary schools, 9 junior high schools, six comprehensive high schools, and several alternative schools.
The educator Jack Taylor served on the school board for eight years. He was also the mayor of Mesa from 1966 to 1972; thereafter a member, consecutively, of both houses of the Arizona State Legislature; a native of Sonora, Texas, he is interred at Mesa City Cemetery.
Schools
High schools
High schools (9-12) as listed by Mesa Public Schools:
s |publisher=Mpsaz.org |access-date2012-08-05}}</ref>
Mesa Public Schools operated two other junior high schools until 2009-2010 school year.
Hendrix Junior High School consolidated with the adjoining Frost Elementary School as the K-8 Summit Academy with an International Baccalaureate Program. Hendrix had the husky as its mascot and used the colors red and gray.
Powell Junior High School (colors red, white, and blue, mascot the Patriots) closed in May 2010. The former campus serves as the Mesa Educational Center, home to the district's Community Education Department, East Valley Academy and Crossroads.
Mesa Jr closed at the end of the 2011-2012 school year and was demolished in January 2014 - Plans for new park in 2014 are upcoming.
Brimhall Jr High closed at the end of the 2011-2012 school year - converted to Franklin school
Name notes
Fremont — John C. Fremont
Kino — Eusebio Kino
Poston — Charles D. Poston
Shepherd — Rulon T. Shepherd, a 30-year Mesa superintendent who built the first junior high in Mesa
Stapley — Orley S. Stapley, at one time the largest International Harvester farm equipment dealer in the United States, as well as the owner of the largest mercantile business in Arizona during the 1940s and 1950s; also the namesake of Stapley Drive
Taylor — Harvey L. Taylor
Elementary schools
Elementary schools (K-6) as listed by Mesa Public Schools:
Adams
Anne M. Lindbergh
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin Elementary - West Campus
Barbara Bush
Crismon Elementary
Dilworth Brinton
Edison
Eisenhower Center For Innovation
Entz
Falcon Hill
Field
Franklin at Alma
Franklin at Brimhall
Franklin East
Franklin West
Pedro Guerrero Elementary
Hermosa Vista
Highland Arts
Holmes
Hughes
Irving
James Madison
Jefferson
John K. Kerr, M. D.
John Philip Sousa
Keller
Las Sendas
Lehi
Lincoln
Longfellow
Lowell
MacArthur
Nathan Hale
Patterson
Pedro Guerrero
Pomeroy
Porter
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ramón S. Mendoza
Red Mountain Ranch
Redbird
Robson
Roosevelt
Salk
Sandra Day O’Connor
Sirrine
Stevenson
Taft
Veora E. Johnson
Washington
Webster
Whitman
Whittier
Wilson
Zaharis
Zedo Ishikawa
Frost Elementary consolidated with the adjoining Hendrix Junior High in 2010-11 to become the K-8 Summit Academy.
Alternative school
Alternative schools (named "Focus Schools" by the district) as listed by Mesa Public Schools:
See also
Chandler Unified School District
Gilbert Public Schools
Tempe Elementary School District
Tempe Union High School District
Mesa Distance Learning Program
References
External links
Mesa Public Schools
Mesa Public Schools Finance
Arizona Department of Education district report card for 2006-2007
School districts in Maricopa County, Arizona
School districts established in 1946
1946 establishments in Arizona |
5394016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20One%20account | The One account | The One account is a secured personal bank account with The Royal Bank of Scotland plc offering offset and flexible mortgages in the UK.
History
The company pioneered the offset mortgage in the UK and; was conceived as a joint venture between Virgin Direct (Virgin's financial services company) and The Royal Bank of Scotland in 1997.
Initially, the company was known as the 'Virgin One account' and promoted to Virgin Direct's 200,000 strong UK customer base. The launch was very successful and was extended to the entire British public in May 1998.
From January 2003, the company relaunched as 'The One account' when The Royal Bank of Scotland took a majority shareholding, becoming an RBS mortgage brand along with NatWest and First Active.
The One account is operated directly by phone, internet and post, with the customer service originally being provided on a 24/365 basis, but now reduced to a weekday and Saturday peak hour service.
Distribution
As well as being sold directly by phone, internet and post, One Account products were distributed through intermediaries - mortgage brokers and independent financial advisers. The account is no longer available to new customers.
Current account mortgages
The type of offset products offered by The One account are called current account mortgages (CAM). As the name suggests, customers consolidate the balances of their mortgage, traditional current accounts, personal loans and, if desired, their saving accounts into one account.
A low, mortgage-style interest rate is charged on the net balance of the account on a daily basis. Since customers pay their salary into the account this money has the effect of reducing the average balance and, therefore the interest paid when compared with a traditional mortgage. The interest rate used to vary with the Bank of England base rate, however in recent months the One Account interest rate has not decreased along with the bank rate. In June 2008, customers were informed that their mortgage rates would increase by 0.25% to reflect 'current market conditions' although the Bank of England rate had not increased.
References
External links
Royal Bank of Scotland
Banks of the United Kingdom
Banks established in 1997 |
5394020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trebujena | Trebujena | Trebujena is a city and municipality located in the province of Cádiz, part of Andalusia in southern Spain. The area is known for its labor movement and its vineyards.
Population and geography
As at 1 January 2015 it had 7,072 inhabitants. Its surface area is 70 km² and has a density of 101.27 people / km². It is located at an altitude of 69 meters and 57 kilometers from the provincial capital, Cadiz. The neighboring towns are Jerez de la Frontera and Sanlúcar de Barrameda in the province of Cadiz and Lebrija in the province of Seville. The environment is countryside with hilly land and marshy land within six kilometers of the river Guadalquivir.
Politics
The town is known for its strong labor movement. Farm workers revolted against landowners in the 19th century In the 1930s, according to Joe Foweraker, the vineyard workers had a close relationship with their work, and a humanist tradition. The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo and Communist Party both featured in the area at this time.
In 1979, Félix Bayón noted that two thirds of the population voted for the Communist Party of Spain.
Election 2015
References
External links
Trebujena - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía
Trebujena.net - Trebujena.net, The forum, the pictures and the news of Trebujena.
Municipalities of the Province of Cádiz |
5394029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uebeschi | Uebeschi | Uebeschi is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
History
Uebeschi is first mentioned in 1233 as Ibisshe.
The oldest traces of settlements in the area come from scattered neolithic and Bronze Age artifacts. Part of a wall, ceramic floor tiles, a stone path and coins have been found from the Roman era, indicating that there was a small settlement in the area.
During the Middle Ages the village was part of the court and parish of Thierachern in the Strättligen Herrschaft. While there is a Ministerialis (unfree knights in the service of a feudal overlord) family von Uebeschi, there are no records that connect them to the village. In 1417 the village was donated to the mendicant Franciscan friars in Bern. In 1528 Bern adopted the new faith of the Protestant Reformation and secularized all the property of the friars. Under Bernese rule, Uebeschi became part of the low court of Amsoldingen in the district of Thun.
Traditionally the village economy relied on farming and raising cattle. Today, agriculture remains important but about half of the working population commutes to jobs in Bern, Thun or other nearby towns.
Geography
Uebeschi has an area of . As of the 2004 survey, a total of or 89.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 2.5% is forested. Of rest of the municipality or 7.3% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.5% is unproductive land. Between the 1981 and 2004 surveys the settled area increased from to , an increase of 39.13%.
From the same survey, housing and buildings made up 4.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.3%. A total of 1.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 43.0% is used for growing crops and 43.0% is pasturage, while 3.2% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is in lakes.
It lies some to the southwest of the district capital Thun. It is located in the drumlin landscape between the Stocken valley and Aare valley.
It consists of the village of Uebeschi, the hamlet of Kärselen and scattered farmhouses. Lake Uebeschi after which the village is named lies several hundred meters to the south, however a greater part of it belongs to the neighboring municipalities of Amsoldingen and Höfen.
On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Thun, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Thun.
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Azure three Mullets Argent.
Demographics
Uebeschi has a population () of . , 1.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Between the last 2 years (2010-2012) the population changed at a rate of -3.9%. Migration accounted for -3.7%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.0%.
Most of the population () speaks German (660 or 97.3%) as their first language, French is the second most common (8 or 1.2%) and Albanian is the third (6 or 0.9%).
, the population was 51.3% male and 48.7% female. The population was made up of 336 Swiss men (50.7% of the population) and 4 (0.6%) non-Swiss men. There were 319 Swiss women (48.1%) and 4 (0.6%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 208 or about 30.7% were born in Uebeschi and lived there in 2000. There were 351 or 51.8% who were born in the same canton, while 68 or 10.0% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 20 or 2.9% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 26.8% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 54.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 18.6%.
, there were 295 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 329 married individuals, 32 widows or widowers and 22 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 70 households that consist of only one person and 35 households with five or more people. , a total of 221 apartments (89.1% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 20 apartments (8.1%) were seasonally occupied and 7 apartments (2.8%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0.3%. In 2012, single family homes made up 43.3% of the total housing in the municipality.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Economy
, Uebeschi had an unemployment rate of 0.69%. , there were a total of 162 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 90 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 35 businesses involved in this sector. The secondary sector employs 28 people and there were 13 businesses in this sector. The tertiary sector employs 44 people, with 20 businesses in this sector. There were 344 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.6% of the workforce.
there were a total of 93 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 56, all in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 17 of which 9 or (52.9%) were in manufacturing and 8 (47.1%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 20. In the tertiary sector; 1 was in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 2 or 10.0% were in a hotel or restaurant, 5 or 25.0% were in the information industry, 1 was a technical professional or scientist, 7 or 35.0% were in education and 1 was in health care.
, there were 28 workers who commuted into the municipality and 244 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 8.7 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 100 workers (78.1% of the 128 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Uebeschi. Of the working population, 13.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 57% used a private car.
The local and cantonal tax rate in Uebeschi is one of the lowest in the canton. In 2012 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Uebeschi making 150,000 CHF was 12.5%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 18.8%. For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in 2011, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide average was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively.
In 2010 there were a total of 267 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 71 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 3 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The greatest number of workers, 83, made between 50,000 and 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Uebeschi was 104,541 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 131,244 CHF.
In 2011 a total of 5.5% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government.
Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 43.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland (EDU) (14.3%), the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (13.2%) and the Social Democratic Party (SP) (8.1%). In the federal election, a total of 290 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 56.8%.
Religion
From the , 490 or 72.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 33 or 4.9% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church, and there were 85 individuals (or about 12.54% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 7 (or about 1.03% of the population) who were Muslim. 34 (or about 5.01% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 28 individuals (or about 4.13% of the population) did not answer the question.
Education
In Uebeschi about 59.2% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 13.3% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 56 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 78.6% were Swiss men, 19.6% were Swiss women.
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2012-13 school year, there were a total of 79 students attending classes in Uebeschi. There were a total of 11 students in the German language kindergarten classes and 68 students in German language primary classes. The secondary students go to Thierachern for their schooling.
, there were a total of 57 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 49 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 8 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 50 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
References
External links
Official website
Municipalities of the canton of Bern |
5394043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talpa%20de%20Allende | Talpa de Allende | Talpa de Allende is a city and municipality in Jalisco, Mexico. Surrounded by pine-covered mountains, Talpa de Allende is a silver mining town founded by the Spanish in 1599. The name "Allende" is in honor of General Ignacio Allende.
Talpa is the destination of a popular pilgrimage route. In the center of Talpa is the church of Nuestra Señora del Rosario, which is the location of the tiny Virgen del Rosario statue, also called "La Chaparrita", meaning the short one, who they believe does miracles. Her birthday is celebrated October 7, where millions of people walk to Talpa every year. Another date she is visited is during Easter Week. Approximately 3 million people attended to the celebrations of "La Chaparrita" yearly. The walk can be anywhere from a few kilometers to a hundred or more depending on the starting point. The most famous walk is the called "Ruta del Peregrino" (Pilgrim's Route). The Route is 117 km long, starting in the city of Ameca and ending in Nuestra Señora del Rosario church. It includes several climbs of hundreds of meters. During Easter week, there are stands selling food and drinks all along to route.
History
It was the capital of the Tlallipan (Tlalipan) cacicazgo. The site was inhabited by a tribe of origin Nahuatl. Towards 1532 Nuño de Guzmán he began to send explorers to these lands from the Holy Spirit Village of Greater Spain, today Tepic, Nayarit, and that was when the inhabitants were subject to the Spanish crown. When Nuño de Guzmán left Nueva Galicia, he divided the domains among his most striving captains Juan de Oñate Juan and Cristóbal de Oñate, Juan Fernández de Hijar, touching the latter Tlallipan. He entered the village peacefully towards 1540. At the arrival of the peninsulars, Talpa was in what is now known as the Bairro Alto, southeast of the current town.
In 1599, when Aranjuez's rich minerals were established, the first Spanish families settled. Thus, by a decree of the Real Audiencia of Guadalajara saw the first light the town that received the title of Santiago de Talpa. The Constitution of 1857 was not well received. Prominent conservative Remigio Tovar rose up in arms, joining the conservative party in the Reform War. He was defeated by general Juan Nepomuceno Rocha at Cerro de los Ocotes, in which Tovar's forces suffered 7 casualties. Talpa was a welcoming haven for influential politicians when Guadalajara fell to the conservatives. It was also a kind of headquarters of the government troops that entered and went without encountering any resistance, during this time when encounters and scuffles were staged between the two sides and of political instability, the arises in these directions the Colonel Antonio Rojas, who was commissioned to pacify the region and to fight Remigio Tovar, who had as its center of operations the square of Mascota. Rojas, for his pyromania instincts and his great cruelty soon received the nickname "El Nero de Jalisco".
On 1871 Porfirio Díaz proclaimed the Plan de la Noria and rose up against the government of Benito Juárez, being defeated by General Alatorre. After leaving Mexico City, he spent a few weeks in Talpa disguised as a bell smelter. During the Mexican Revolution the village was fortified from the attacks from supporters of Venustiano Carranza by forming a general meeting of neighbors and forming a local defense corps that guarded the square; but on June 23, 1913, chief carrancist Santos Arreola came to ask for surrender, but bad weather forced them to flee.
1844 establishes town hall; 30 April 1871 a department is formed comprising the municipalities of Talpa and Tomatlán, with Talpa being the head. From 1825 to 1844 it belonged to the 6th canton of Autlán de Navarro. On 18 September 1885 by decree number 155 the village was elevated to the category of village under the name of Talpa de Allende in honor of the insurgent chief Ignatius Allende.
In 2015, the city was designated part of the "Pueblos Mágicos" national program.
Geography
Talpa de Allende is located in the west of the state of Jalisco, within the extreme coordinates 20° 05′ 00″ at 20° 30′ 55″ of north latitude and of the 104° 42′ 30″ to the 105° 13′ 25″ west longitude; at a height of 1,134 meters above sea level.
The municipality adjoins to the north with the municipalities of Puerto Vallarta and Mascota; to the east with Mascota, Atenguillo, Cuautla and Tomatlán (Jalisco)' Tomatlán; to the south with the municipality of Tomatlán; to the west with the municipality of Cabo Corrientes.
Physical Geography
Orography
In general its surface is made up of rugged areas (77%) heights ranging from 2,100 to 2,500 meters above sea level. Semi-flat zones (13%) they are located in the south of the municipal headwaters, with heights ranging from 600 to 1,300 msnm. Flat areas (10%) located in the northwest of the municipal headland, are formed by heights of 1,200 meters above sea level.
Soil
The territory consists of land from the tertiary period. The composition of the soils is predominantly chestnut Chesnut, as well as lateritic yellows, prainearose and reddish soil, and reddish forest brown. The municipality has a territorial area of 227,952 ha-hectares, of which 15,375 are used for agricultural purposes, 31,128 in livestock activity, 176,987 are for forest use, 283 are urban land and 2,078 hectares have other use, not specified 2,101. As far as the property is concerned, an area of 169,637 hectares is private and another is 56,214 ejidal; there is no communal property. Please note that 2,101 hectares do not specify property type.
Hydrography
Its hydrological resources are provided by the rivers: Talpa, San Nicolás, Cuals, San José and Bramador; by the streams: Crumbled, La Quebrada, Las Palomas, El Corazón, Toledo, Camacho, Gran Juez and Los Lobos, among the most representative. It also has springs that supply water to some localities.
Climate
Talpa de Allende has a humid subtropical climate, with dry winter and spring, and with no well-defined winter thermal change. The average annual temperature is 21.3 C, with a maximum of 29.5 C and a minimum of 13.2 -C. The rainfall regime is recorded between the months of June and July, with an average rainfall of 1,002.9 mm. The annual average of frost days is 27.5. The prevailing winds are in a southerly direction.
Flora & wildlife
The natural vegetation is mostly pine–oak forest, composed of pines (Pinus), oyamel (Abies religiosa), oaks (Quercus), ash (Fraxinus) and walnut (Juglans). In the semitropical lower parts there is havillo, capomo, parota, spring, purple rose and Spanish cedar.
There is a cloud forest (mesophilic forest) in the municipality, with the native maple Acer binzayedii. Binzayedii refers to the founding of Qatar MBZ which sponsored scientific research that determined that the species in Talpa is unique in the world, which makes this maple forest very special.
On January 30, 2016, the Government of the State of Jalisco through the Secretariat of Environment and Territorial Development announced the creation of a Natural Protected Area Arce Forest State Park published in Section V of the Official Newspaper The State of Jalisco. date" - "publication" - "Official"- "The"-date-access-" ('doi')
Government and politics
Its form of government is democracy, it depends on the Jalisco state government and federal Mexico; elections are held every 3 years, where the municipal president and his cabinet are elected. The Municipal President is C. Martín Eduardo Guzmán Peña, Institutional Revolutionary Party PRI.
The municipality has 178 towns, the most important being: Talpa (municipal head), Ocotes, La Cuesta, Cabos, La Cañada, Desmoronado and El Cuale.
Infrastructure and economy
Housing
It has 3,266 homes, which are usually private. The 89.71% have electricity service, 68.74% have drainage and drinking water service. Its construction is usually based on brick, concrete and partition.
Services
The municipality has services of drinking water, sewerage, street lighting, markets, trail, cemeteries, road, public toilet, public safety, transit, parks, gardens and sports centers.
79.4% of the population has drinking water; in sewer coverage is 71.5% and in electricity service 85.4%.
Education
The population's 90.88% is alpha-alphabetism-alfabeta, of which 29.56% has ended primary education. The municipality has 19 preschool, 43 primary-primary education, 10 secondarys and two bachilleratos.
Healthcare
Health care is attended by the health center, which is advised by the Ministry of Health and depends on health jurisdiction No.8 based in Puerto Vallarta. In addition, the [Mexican Social Security Institute] and private doctors provide their services. The System for Integral Family Development (DIF) is responsible for social welfare.
Transportation and communication
It has fax service, telegraph, telephone, radio, television, Internet and radio telephony service. Transportation takes place via the Guadalajara-Puerto Vallarta highway. It has a network of rural roads that connect the villages. Public buses are available. It has a small airport that has flights to Puerto Vallarta, San Sebastián del Oeste and Guadalajara. The main airlines that operate are: Aerotaxis de la Bahía and Transportes Aéreos de Nayarit.
Demographics
According to the II population and housing count, the municipality has 13,612 inhabitants, of which 6,703 are men and 6,909 are women; 0.36% of the population are indigenous. By 2010 the population is expected to be 4,786.
Religion
90.60% profess Catholic religion,7.36% are believers in [Jehovah's Witnesses], there are also Protestant and believers of other religions. 0.28% of the inhabitants held no religion.
For religious worship it has the Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary, the Parish of Lord San José and chapels in the localities.
Culture
Painting stand out the mural "The Miracle of the Renewal of the Image of the Virgin of the Rosary" and the mural of the Holy Trinity.
Craft: chicle handcrafts, with which they make baskets, furniture, pots, pots, jars, jars, vases, pots. Leather huaraches, belts and saddles are also made.
Typical Costumes charro costume for men and China for women.
Sites of interest
The Shrine of the Virgen de Talpa: in style Romanesque Architecture and Neoclassical-Neoclassical Architecture, dates from 1782
The Parish of Lord San José: in colonial style, built in the year 1600.
The Chapel of the Ore of El Cuale: in colonial style, built in 1870.
The Chapel of Concepción del Bramador: in colonial style.
The Chapel of the Resurrection.
Sanctuary of Our Lady of the Rosary.
The municipal palace.
The waterfalls of Aranjuez.
Places to visit
Welcome arch dedicated to pilgrims and visitors in the entrance.
Calzada de las Reynas: opened on November 18, 2004, and created for he community of pilgrims that visit Talpa de Allende and in honor of all the queens of Mexico. A pathway of statues of the virgins.
Cruz de Romero
Museum of the Talpa Virgin where her story is told as well as the history of Talpa de Allende.
Maple forest of Talpa de Allende with more than of maple and pine trees.
Sports
It has sports centers, where it is practiced: football, frontenis and volleyball. It also has a cultural center, theater, charro canvas, square, parks, gardens and library.
Gastronomy
Birria, pozole, tamales, rotisserie chicken, rabbit, meat with tomatillo and chilaquiles; guava fruit leather, sancocho, figs, and various milk confectioneries; rompope and ponche of fruits such as peach, nance, capulín, pineapple, guava and pomegranate
Holidays and celebrations
Virgen de la Candelaria from 25 January to 2 February.
Romería de Tecomán: first Sunday in March.
Romería in honor of Lord St. Joseph: from 11 to 19 March.
Anniversary pilgrimage of the Coronation of the Virgen del Rosario de Talpa: from 4 to 12 May.
Feast of the Renewal:September 10 "Bath of the Virgin" (It consists of cleaning all the jewels and changing the clothes of Ntra.Sra.del Rosario de Talpa) and from September 11 to 19 the ninth Renewal.
Independence day: 15 and 16 September.
Liturgical Party in Honor of Our Lady of the Rosary of Talpa: 7 October
Feast of the Virgen de Guadalupe: 9–12 December
In popular culture
In Juan Rulfo novel, 'El llano en llamas' refers to Talpa: "[...][...] Although I knew that Talpa was far away and that we would have to walk a lot under the sun of the days and the cold, of the nights of March [...] ".
The film "Talpa" was filmed here, based on a short story by Juan Rulfo.
Notable people
José María Cuéllar, governor of Jalisco.
Manuel Ceballos, professor.
Ernesto Ramo Meza, writer.
Juan Valdéz Verdía, Doctor.
Daniel Acosta Izquierdo, writer.
José Francisco T. Agraz Gil, writer.
Manuel de San Martín, clergyman.
Baudelio Bernal, doctor
Gustavo "Halcón" Peña Velazco, footballer
Sister City
Talpa de Allende has one sister city.:
- Lynwood, California, USA
References
External links
http://talpadeallende.com
Municipalities of Jalisco
Pueblos Mágicos |
5394069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President%20of%20the%20King%27s%20Bench%20Division | President of the King's Bench Division | The President of the King's Bench Division is the head of the King's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice. The current president is Dame Victoria Sharp.
Until 2005, the Lord Chief Justice among many other roles presided over the King's Bench (or Queen's; as the monarch). The role was separated under the Constitutional Reform Act 2005. Sir Igor Judge became the first president.
List of presidents of the King's Bench Division
3 October 2005: standalone role inaugurated
3 October 2005: Sir Igor Judge
1 October 2008: Sir Anthony May
3 October 2011: Sir John Thomas
1 October 2013: Sir Brian Leveson
23 June 2019: Dame Victoria Sharp
Vice-President
The office of Vice-President of the King's Bench Division predates the separation of the division's presidency from the office of Lord Chief Justice. In 1988, the Lord Chief Justice, Lord Lane, made arrangements for Sir Tasker Watkins, a Lord Justice of Appeal, to be Deputy Chief Justice, deputising across the range of Lane's responsibilities. The arrangement continued under Lane's successor, but when Watkins retired in 1993, Lord Taylor of Gosford appointed Sir Paul Kennedy of the Court of Appeal to oversee the Queen's Bench Division. Lord Bingham of Cornhill, who took over as Lord Chief Justice in 1996, made arrangements with Lord Mackay of Clashfern (Lord Chancellor under John Major) whereby Lord Justice Kennedy would become Vice-President of the Queen's Bench Division with the understanding that it would be made a statutory office at an early date. Lord Bingham made the appointment in 1997, and Lord Mackay's Labour successor, Lord Irvine of Lairg, honoured the commitment in the Access to Justice Act 1999.
1997: Sir Paul Kennedy
February 2002: Sir Anthony May
October 2008: Sir John Thomas
3 October 2011: Dame Heather Hallett
4 March 2014: Sir Nigel Davis
1 January 2016 Dame Victoria Sharp
5 February 2020 Sir James Dingemans
See also
Lord Chief Justice
Master of the Rolls
President of the Family Division
Chancellor of the High Court
References
External links
Judicial Profiles - The President of the Queen's Bench Division
High Court of Justice |
5394089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doric%20Hexapolis | Doric Hexapolis | The Doric or Dorian Hexapolis () was a federation of six cities of Dorian foundation in southwest Asia Minor and adjacent islands, largely coextensive with the region known as Doris or Doris in Asia (), and included:
Cos, on the island of Cos
Cnidus in Caria;
Halicarnassus in Caria;
Lindus, on the island of Rhodes;
Ialysus on Rhodes; and
Camirus on Rhodes.
The members of this hexapolis celebrated a festival, with games, on the Triopian promontory near Cnidus, in honour of the Triopian Apollo; the prizes in those games were brazen tripods, which the victors had to dedicate in the temple of Apollo; and Halicarnassus was struck out of the league, because one of her citizens carried the tripod to his own house before dedicating it in the temple of Apollo. The hexapolis thus became the Doric Pentapolis. (Herod. i. 144.)
Pliny (v. 28) says, Caria mediae Doridi circumfunditur ad mare utroque latere ambiens, by which he means that Doris is surrounded by Caria on all sides, except where it is bordered by the sea. He makes Doris begin at Cnidus. In the bay of Doris he places Leucopolis, Hamaxitus, etc. An attempt has been made among scholars to ascertain which of two bays Pliny calls Doridis Sinus, the more probable being the Ceramic Gulf. This Doris of Pliny is the country occupied by the Dorians, which Thucydides (ii. 9) indicates, not by the name of the country, but of the people: Dorians, neighbours of the Carians. Ptolemy (v. 2) makes Doris a division of his Asia, and places in it Halicarnassus, Ceramus, and Cnidus. The term Doris, applied to a part of Asia, does not appear to occur in other writers.
In the Digesta seu Pandectae (533), the second volume of the codification of laws ordered by Justinian I (527–565) of the Eastern Roman Empire, a legal opinion written by the Roman jurist Paulus at the beginning of the Crisis of the Third Century in 235 AD was included about the Lex Rhodia ("Rhodian law") that articulates the general average principle of marine insurance established on the island of Rhodes in approximately 1000 to 800 BC as a member of the Doric Hexapolis, plausibly by the Phoenicians during the proposed Dorian invasion and emergence of the purported Sea Peoples during the Greek Dark Ages (c. 1100–c. 750) that led to the proliferation of the Doric Greek dialect. The law of general average constitutes the fundamental principle that underlies all insurance.
References
States and territories established in the 12th century BC
States and territories disestablished in the 6th century BC
Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey
Historical regions of Anatolia
Caria
Ancient Greek geography
Ancient Greeks in Caria
Greek Anatolia
Greek city-state federations |
5394098 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgio%20Locatelli | Giorgio Locatelli | Giorgio Locatelli (born 6 April 1963) is an Italian Michelin starred chef and restaurateur working and living in the United Kingdom.
Early life
Locatelli was brought up in Corgeno in the comune of Vergiate on the banks of Lake Comabbio, northern Italy. His uncle ran a restaurant, giving him an appreciation and understanding of food from an early age. After working for a short spell in local restaurants in Italy and Switzerland, Locatelli went to England in 1986 to join the kitchens of Anton Edelmann at The Savoy. In 1990, Locatelli moved to Paris and worked at Restaurant Laurent and La Tour d'Argent. Locatelli was in the army in his youth.
Career
On his return to London a couple of years later, Locatelli opened Olivo Restaurant, Eccleston Street, before opening Zafferano in February 1995.
They won "Best Italian Restaurant" at the London Carlton Restaurant Awards for two consecutive years and their first Michelin star in 1999.
In February 2002, Locatelli and his wife Plaxy opened their first independent restaurant, Locanda Locatelli, on Seymour Street. The restaurant, which serves traditional Italian dishes, was awarded a Michelin star in 2003, which has been retained every year since.
Locatelli has been featured in several TV series: Pure Italian, 2002, aired on the UK Food channel; Tony and Giorgio, filmed with entrepreneur Tony Allan, shown on BBC2; and Sicily Unpacked Italy Unpacked with art historian Andrew Graham-Dixon.
The Big Family Cooking Showdown was also on the BBC with Locatelli as a judge with Rosemary Shrager. The hosts were Zoe Ball and Nadiya Hussain.
He has written three cookery books. Made in Italy, was published in September 2006. Made in Italy has received the Best Food Book award at the Glenfiddich Food and Drink Awards 2007. A second book, Made in Sicily, was published in September 2011. Made at Home was published by 4th Estate in 2017.
In January 2019, he became a judge of MasterChef Italia. In May of the same year he was guest in the Italian talk show EPCC (E poi c'è Cattelan) hosted by Alessandro Cattelan. There he announced he would be coming back as judge also for the ninth season of MasterChef Italia. He also revealed he feels more British than Italian, having spent so many years in London.
Personal life
Locatelli lives with his English wife Plaxy and their two children, Margherita and Jack, in Camden, London.
References
External links
Homepage for the Locanda Locatelli restaurant
Articles by Giorgio on his publisher's blog, 5th Estate
Giorgio Locatelli, The Guardian
1963 births
Living people
Italian chefs
People from the Province of Varese
Italian expatriates in England
Italian television chefs |
5394112 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GE%20E60 | GE E60 | The GE E60 is a family of six-axle C-C electric locomotives made by GE Transportation Systems (GE) between 1972 and 1983. The E60s were produced in several variants for both freight and passenger use in the United States and Mexico. GE designed the locomotive for use on the Black Mesa and Lake Powell Railroad (BM&LP), a dedicated coal-hauling route in Arizona, which began operation in 1973. That same year GE adapted the design for high-speed passenger service on Amtrak's Northeast Corridor. The largest customer was Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México (NdeM), the state-owned railroad in Mexico, which bought 39 for a new electrification project in the early 1980s.
The E60s were successful in the coal-hauling role. They ran on the BM&LP for decades and remain in use on several mining railroads in the Western United States. The passenger variants failed in their intended role. Problems with the truck design caused derailments above , rendering the locomotives unusable for high-speed service. By the end of the 1970s Amtrak abandoned the E60 in favor of EMD AEM-7 locomotives manufactured by Electro-Motive Division. In Mexico, the NdeM's project was delayed into the 1990s, then scrapped after three years of use. Most of the NdeM's electric locomotives never ran and were traded back to GE for diesels. Some were sold to various mining railroads.
Design
The Black Mesa and Lake Powell Railroad (BM&LP) was a new railroad built to transport coal from the Black Mesa Mine near Kayenta, Arizona to the Navajo Generating Station power plant at Page, Arizona. It was long and isolated from the national railroad network. The BM&LP was electrified at 50 kV 60 Hz AC, and was the first such electrification to use this voltage in the world. The railroad was intended to run as a conveyor belt, with trains cycling between the coal mine and the plant. To operate this conveyor belt, GE Transportation Systems (GE) designed the E60C, though it was suitable for general mainline freight operation.
The heavy loads of coal on BM&LP drove GE's design choices on the E60C. GE chose a six-axle (C-C) design, with wheels instead of the standard wheels. This was necessary because of the locomotive's 85:21 gearing. With this gearing a maximum speed of was possible, although the standard operating speed on the BM&LP was . Thyristor rectifiers step down the high-voltage AC to provide DC power at a much lower voltage to six GE780 traction motors, one per axle. The locomotive is rated at , with a starting tractive effort of and a continuous tractive effort of . Physically the locomotive is long and weighs , including some of ballast.
GE made a number of changes when it redesigned the E60C for passenger use. The new design was lighter, at , and longer, at . A gearing of 68:38 permitted a maximum design speed of . The starting tractive effort was considerably lower at , with a continuous rating of . Unlike freight locomotives, passenger locomotives have to supply heat to passenger cars. In the 1970s Amtrak operated both old-style steam-heated cars and new Amfleet cars with head-end power (HEP). GE designed two variants to handle these use cases: the E60CP had steam generators, while the E60CH had HEP generators. Both models had a cab and pantograph at each end. Reflecting the varied electrification schemes on the Northeast Corridor the Amtrak units could operate at three different voltages: 11 kV 25 Hz AC, 12.5 kV 60 Hz AC, and 25 kV 60 Hz. The wheels had a more standard diameter of .
GE revised the design in the early 1980s for use by Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México (NdeM) on its new electrification project. The E60C-2, like the passenger variants, had double cabs and double pantographs. They were geared at 83:20, for a maximum speed of . Although geared differently from the E60CP/CH it also used wheels. The locomotives are long and weigh . They employ six GE 752AF traction motors. The tractive effort was similar to the original E60C: starting and continuous. NdeM adopted 25 kV 60 Hz electrification. A later buyer, the Deseret-Western Railway, like the Black Mesa and Lake Powell, adopted 50 kV 60 Hz AC.
History
Black Mesa and Lake Powell Railroad
The planned weight of a loaded coal train at the Black Mesa and Lake Powell (BM&LP) was . GE intended that the E60Cs work in multiple, three per train, to handle this load. The BM&LP ordered a total of six locomotives between 1972–1976, allowing it to operate two trains at once. The BM&LP acquired six former Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México E60C-2s after the latter discontinued electric operations in the late 1990s. These displaced the original E60Cs. The Arizona State Railroad Museum of Williams, Arizona took possession of ex-BM&LP E60C 6001 in 2010.
Amtrak and New Jersey Transit
Amtrak assumed control of almost all private sector intercity passenger rail service in the United States on May 1, 1971, with a mandate to reverse decades of decline. It retained approximately 184 of the 440 trains which had run the day before. To operate these trains, Amtrak inherited a fleet of 300 locomotives (electric and diesel) and 1190 passenger cars, most of which dated from the 1940s–1950s.
Operation on the electrified portion of the Northeast Corridor was split between the Budd Metroliner electric multiple units and PRR GG1 locomotives. The latter were over 35 years old and restricted to . Amtrak faced a choice with the GG1s: completely rebuild the fleet, or replace them with a new locomotive. While no United States manufacturer had a dedicated electric passenger locomotive in its catalog, GE was proposing a passenger version of the E60C before the BM&LP locomotives even entered service. Importing and adapting a European locomotive would require a three-year lead time; GE promised delivery within a year. With few other options, Amtrak turned to GE to adapt the E60C for passenger service.
Amtrak ordered 26 E60s in 1973; 15 on March 26, 1973, and a further 11 on October 12. The total cost of the order was $18.4 million. The initial order was for 15 locomotives with steam generators and 11 with head-end power, but 9 of the first type were switched to using head-end power as Amtrak ramped up acquisition of Amfleet cars. Amtrak anticipated that E60-hauled Amfleet trains could displace both the GG1s and the mechanically-unreliable Metroliners.
The E60s began arriving in November 1974; they were the first locomotives to carry Amtrak's new Phase II livery. Problems soon developed, as the locomotives yawed sideways when accelerating, stressing the rails. The National Transportation Safety Board investigation after a derailment at Elkton, Maryland on February 24, 1975, revealed problems with the truck and bolster design. The Federal Railroad Administration restricted the maximum speed of the E60s to . While Amtrak accepted the locomotives and publicly expressed "confidence" that they would be cleared for operation, it also arranged for a trial of the Swedish-built four-axle Rc4 electric locomotive. The problems with the E60 persisted into 1977, at which point Amtrak developed the specification for a locomotive based on the Rc4 design. In 1977–78 Amtrak ordered the first of 53 EMD AEM-7s, a twin-cab B-B electric locomotive produced by Electro-Motive Division.
As the AEM-7s arrived Amtrak began disposing of its E60s. It sold two E60CHs to the Navajo Mine Railroad in 1982. A grant from the Urban Mass Transit Administration enabled New Jersey Transit to buy ten of the E60CHs in 1984 for use on the North Jersey Coast Line. Between 1986 and 1988, those E60s that remained with Amtrak were rebuilt, reclassified and renumbered. All E60CPs had their steam generators removed and four of these had HEP fitted. Those with HEP, both the E60CHs and the converted E60CPs, were rebuilt and renumbered as E60MA in the 600 series. The locomotives were regeared for a maximum speed of . When the E60s returned to service, they were used on heavy, long-distance trains, such as the New York–New Orleans Crescent, the New York–Florida Silver Service, and the Washington, D.C.–Montreal Montrealer. They could also be found in push–pull service on the Keystone Service trains in the late 1980s.
New Jersey Transit began buying ABB ALP-44s, an improved version of the EMD AEM-7 from Asea Brown Boveri, in 1990. It would acquire 32 altogether by the end of 1996. The E60 was off the New Jersey Transit roster by 1998. No. 958 was preserved by the United Railroad Historical Society of New Jersey. All Amtrak E60s were retired in 2003. In April 2004, the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania acquired No. 603 for preservation.
Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México
The single largest order of E60Cs was by Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México (NdeM), the national railroad of Mexico. NdeM ordered 39 E60C-2 locomotives, built between 1982 and 1983. NdeM intended to use the locomotives on a new railway line between Mexico City and Querétaro. The line operated from 1994 to 1997; many locomotives never ran in revenue service. After privatization in 1997, Transportación Ferroviaria Mexicana (TFM) dismantled the electrification. The locomotives were made available for sale; eight were still owned by GE and, never delivered, stored in Brownsville, Texas. The availability of several dozen lightly used electric locomotives sparked interest from several commuter operators, including Caltrain in the San Francisco Bay Area and GO Transit in Toronto.
TFM traded 22 of the E60C-2s to GE for GE AC4400CW diesel locomotives. Three were sold to Texas Utilities to serve the company's Martin Lake Line, displacing GE E25Bs. They lasted in service until the end of electrified operations in 2011. EMD SD50 diesel locomotives replaced them. The E25Bs, smaller versions of the E60, had been in use since 1976. Another six went to the Black Mesa and Lake Powell, replacing its aging E60Cs. Five went to the Deseret Power Railroad. Texas Utilities discontinued electric operation in January 2011.
Deseret-Western Railway
In addition to the 39 locomotives delivered to NdeM, GE built two E60C-2s for the Deseret-Western Railway. The Deseret-Western, like the Black Mesa and Lake Powell Railroad, is a dedicated line hauling coal between a mine and a power station. The line opened in 1984. The Deseret-Western, now called the Deseret Power Railroad, supplemented its fleet with two ex-NdeM locomotives in the late 1990s, and another three in the 2000s.
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
NdeM E60C-2 Photo Gallery by Jorge Luna Helú
Amtrak locomotives
E60
C-C locomotives
11 kV AC locomotives
25 kV AC locomotives
50 kV AC locomotives
Passenger locomotives
Electric locomotives of the United States
Preserved electric locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1972 |
5394157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyip | Minyip | Minyip is a town in the Wimmera region of Victoria, Australia, north west of Melbourne. It is in the Shire of Yarriambiack local government area. At the , Minyip had a population of 524.
The name "Minyip" is derived from an Aboriginal word for "ashes" or "camping place".
The town is known as the "Heart of the Wheat Belt". Dryland agriculture especially grain production and handling is one of the region's major industries.
History
The area was first settled by European selectors in about 1872. The town became a rail-head when the railway arrived from Murtoa in 1886. A grain shed was used to store local wheat until silos were built in 1939–40.
The town's courthouse dates from 1886 and the old office of the local newspaper The Guardian (1885) has been converted into an historical research centre by the local historical society. The Club Hotel (1907) and the Commercial Hotel (1908) are Edwardian buildings with wrought-iron lacework and leadlight windows. Violet's General Store dates from 1897.
Minyip Post Office opened on 1 May 1875.
There was a branch of the Commercial Bank of Australia in Minyip by 1891. The Colonial Bank of Australasia had a branch in the town by 1902.
Scots-born Aboriginal rights activist and medical doctor Charles Duguid and his first wife, Irene, lived in Minyip for about 2 years after their marriage in 1912. He practised as a general practitioner during this time.
The Minyip Magistrates' Court closed on 1 January 1983.
An agricultural show was held in Minyip between 1887 and 2018, but was ceased due to an inability to gather a committee to run it.
St John's Lutheran Church
The German Lutherans, fleeing religious persecution, came to the area around Minyip in the mid-to-late nineteenth century. One group formed at the tiny village of Kirchheim, south-west of Minyip. They built a weatherboard church there in 1875 but it was destroyed by a violent storm in 1889. This led to the construction, in that same year, of the present timber building. In 1935 this building, which had an estimated weight of 50 tons, was moved by steam traction engine to its present site on the corner of Church and Carrol Streets. It took three days to move the structure the from its original foundations. On the way it very nearly toppled over when it reached a rabbit warren and the weight caused the warren to collapse.
St John's is a Gothic design which retains its fine octagonal steeple with belfry, 19th-century pipe organ, stained-glass lancet windows and pews, although the men no longer sit on the opposite side of the aisle to the women.
Today
Minyip was the filming location for exterior scenes in the television series The Flying Doctors, representing the fictional outback town of Coopers Crossing. The Flying Doctors' headquarters, Cooper's Crossing Garage, and Majestic Hotel are all located on the main street of the town and still visit-able. However, they now have alternative uses as the Minyip Senior Citizen's Centre, Emma's Cafe and The Club Hotel respectively and a Men's Shed. As of 2021, the Club Hotel no longer operates as a hotel, and is instead home to Shammy's Cafe. In the Club Hotel, there is a room filled with Flying Doctors' memorabilia including signed scripts and props from the shows.
The town has an Australian rules football team, The Minyip/Murtoa Kookaburras, competing in the Wimmera Football League.
Main Street currently boasts an IGA supermarket, post office/pharmacy, cafe & takeaway, butcher, a second hand/op shop, Plants Artz, a caravan park, art and craft groups and one operating hotel – the Commercial Hotel, now known as the Minyip Hotel. The Club Hotel is currently closed.
The children of Minyip attend a local kindergarten and primary school. There is a branch of WWHS on Church Street with a doctor from Tristar in attendance once a week and a nurse on full-time. Minyip is also the home of the Dunmunkle Lodge Retirement Village.
Golfers play at the course of the Minyip Golf Club on Ubergangs Road each Sunday & Wednesday. There is also a bowling green, and an outdoor swimming pool.
The Minyip Lions Club is very active, as is the Historical Society. There are numerous plaques displaying the history of the town, with the biggest concentration being in the town square and outside the Senior Citizen's Centre.
Minyip hosts an annual car and motorcycle show, the Minyip Show and Shine, which has been held in the town since 2018.
Gallery
References
External links
Towns in Victoria (Australia)
Wimmera |
5394159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Kines | Joe Kines | Joe Kines (born July 13, 1944) is a former American football player and coach. He spent most of his coaching career as an assistant in college football ranks, and twice serving as an interim head coach: in 1992 at the University of Arkansas after the firing of Jack Crowe after Arkansas's first game, and in 2006 at the University of Alabama after the dismissal of Mike Shula where he also made his memorable halftime interview at the Independence Bowl.
Early life
Kines was born on July 13, 1944 in a train car that was en route from Cedartown, Georgia to Piedmont, Alabama. He holds both bachelor's and master's degree's from Jacksonville State University. Kines is married to the former Rubye Bell and they have one daughter, Susan Kines Langston, who was killed in a car crash on June 28, 2010 and two grandsons that survived the crash.
Coaching career
Kines began his coaching career at his alma mater, where he served as assistant coach and defensive coordinator through the 1976 season. In 1977, he received an offer to coach linebackers at Clemson University, where he coached for the next two seasons. In 1979, Kines became linebackers coach at the University of Florida under Charley Pell. There he spent two years as the linebackers coach, and was promoted to defensive coordinator in 1981. In 1985 and 1986, Kines was the defensive coordinator and inside linebackers coach at the University of Alabama before leaving with Ray Perkins to the NFL’s Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He served as the Buccaneers' linebacker coach from 1987 to 1990. Kines returned to college coaching in 1991 as the defensive coordinator at the University of Arkansas and was promoted to interim head coach of the Razorbacks in 1992 when Jack Crowe was fired following a season-opening loss to The Citadel. He guided the Razorbacks to a 45–7 victory over South Carolina in his first game after taking over for Crowe, and closed the season with a 30–6 rout of arch-rival LSU in the first game between the schools since the Cotton Bowl Classic following the 1965 season.
Kines was Arkansas’ assistant head coach and defensive coordinator from 1993 to 1994 under Danny Ford before moving on to the University of Georgia, where he served as the Bulldogs’ defensive coordinator from 1995 to 1998 and as assistant head coach in 1999. He also coached the defensive ends while at Georgia. In 2000, Kines left Georgia to become linebackers coach at Florida State University under head coach Bobby Bowden.
Kines returned as defensive coordinator at the University of Alabama in 2003 and remained in that position until head coach Mike Shula was fired on November 27, 2006. In 2005, he was named a finalist for the Broyles Award, given annually to the nation's top college football assistant coach. Kines was named interim head coach and guided Alabama in the Independence Bowl where they lost to Oklahoma State, 34–31. New Alabama head coach Nick Saban did not retain any of Shula's staff; however, Kines was hired as an officer with Tide Pride, which is responsible for helping to fund scholarships, generating revenue for capital improvements, and supporting the "Million Dollar Band", among other activities.
On February 13, 2008, Texas A&M head coach Mike Sherman hired Kines to be his defensive coordinator and assistant head coach. Kines initially did not show interest to the position, but after he exchanged words with Sherman in an interview, he accepted. Kines has called the Aggie defensive squad "awful, and that's being real polite" in the 2008 preseason. Aggie safeties coach Van Malone praised him as being a great communicator: "He's one of the greatest communicators I've ever been around, and if you can communicate with them, that's all these kids want." He won't say a cuss word, but when you're not doing it the way he wants it, you feel like you've been cursed out." Kines retired at the conclusion of the Aggies' 2009 season.
Head coaching record
*Jack Crowe coached the first game of the season.
**Mike Shula coached the first 12 games of the season.
References
1944 births
Living people
Alabama Crimson Tide football coaches
Arkansas Razorbacks football coaches
Clemson Tigers football coaches
Florida Gators football coaches
Florida State Seminoles football coaches
Georgia Bulldogs football coaches
Jacksonville State Gamecocks football coaches
Jacksonville State Gamecocks football players
People from the Anniston–Oxford metropolitan area
Tampa Bay Buccaneers coaches
Texas A&M Aggies football coaches |
5394169 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Sussex%20County%20Council%20elections | West Sussex County Council elections | West Sussex County Council in England is elected every four years.
Political control
Since 1973 political control of the council has been held by the following parties:
Leadership
The leaders of the council since 1993 have been:
Council elections
1997 West Sussex County Council election
2001 West Sussex County Council election
2005 West Sussex County Council election (boundary changes reduced the number of seats by 1)
2009 West Sussex County Council election
2013 West Sussex County Council election
2017 West Sussex County Council election
2021 West Sussex County Council election
By-election results
1993-1997
1997-2001
2001-2005
2005-2009
2009-2013
2013-2017
2017-2021
References
By-election results
External links
West Sussex County Council
Politics of West Sussex
Council elections in West Sussex
County council elections in England |
5394171 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandhya%20Mridul | Sandhya Mridul | Sandhya Mridul (born 28 March 1975) is an Indian actress who appears in Bollywood films and television. She is most known for her roles in films like Saathiya (2002) and Page 3 (2005) and was first runner up on the reality dance show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (Season 2) (2007).
Early life
Sandhya, also called 'Sandy', was born in Mumbai to P. R. Mridul and his wife. Later, the family moved to New Delhi. At age ten, she left home to attend school at Maharani Gayatri Devi Girls' Public School in Jaipur. She later attended Mater Dei Convent School in New Delhi. At age 14, her father, a lawyer and later a judge of the high court, died and she was brought up by her elder brother Siddharth Mridul who is a sitting judge of Delhi High Court. She has another elder brother named Pankaj.
She attended Lady Sriram College, Delhi. She graduated in Mathematics, did her post graduation in marketing and went on to do a corporate job with KLM in Mumbai.
Career
Mridul first arrived back in Mumbai to be a marketing executive. She first started her career with the popular TV serial Swabhimaan. After that, additional roles followed in serials like Banegi Apni Baat, Koshish and Hu Ba Hu.
She made her breakthrough in movies with Yash Raj Films, in Saathiya in 2002. It was critically and commercially successful and critics appreciated her performance. Her character Dina was an important supporting role that got her noticed.
She also appeared in Extraa Innings, the programme during the Cricket World Cup 2003.
In 2004, she acted in Pratap Sharma's Zen Katha, a play based on the life of Buddha in Mumbai opposite Rajeev Gopalkrishnan.
Mridul's show Koshish Ek Asha in which she played the role of the female protagonist has been dubbed in Chinese; in 2005, it was telecast in China. Through this show, Sandhya became a household name in China.
She decided to walk away from television soap operas because the roles felt repetitive. Of her decision, she remarked, "If you want to play the protagonist these days, you have to be the bahu. I'm not ready to do that again. I can't be wearing heavy saris with dark pink lipstick all my life."
In 2005 she starred in Page 3 with Konkona Sen Sharma and Tara Sharma. She played an air hostess. Her performance was again praised by the critics and the film was a hit at the box office.
Since 2006, she has focused exclusively on film roles. She played Maya, a restless soul who keeps on moving in and out of things in an off-beat film called Strings. She acted in 13th Floor, an interesting story of two people stuck in lift on the 13th floor. As a trained Bharatnatyam dancer, Sandhya's desire to show her dancing skills is being fulfilled in Chowki. In Honeymoon Travels Pvt. Ltd., she plays a wife stuck in a marriage with a gay man. In the thriller Deadline: Sirf 24 Ghante by Tanvir Khan, she acts with Irfan Khan. In The Great Indian Butterfly, she shows her talent in how a young Indian couple climbing the ladder of the corporate rat race.
Her versatility and her penchant for taking non-conformist roles have made her a darling of cross-over films. She proved her talent again in another off-beat film called Via Darjeeling in which she plays an alcoholic. "I would like to step into the shoes that Smita Patil left behind", says Mridul about where she sees herself in the Bollywood acting space.
She was judged the runner-up at the popular dance show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (Season 2). This decision did court some controversy since judge Urmila Matondkar declared that Mridul should have won. There were allegations of rigging and interference on the decision to declare Prachi Desai the winner of the show. Mridul said of the decision, "Don't tell me that I lost. Like I have said before, you lose only when you lose heart, and I haven't. I may have only lost out on a trophy and cash but I have won many hearts."
In 2008, she served as a member of the jury in the 14th Television Festival held in Shanghai. She was youngest and lone Indian in the festival. In 2014, Sandhya worked in Ragini MMS 2, in which she kissed Sunny Leone.
In 2016, she is portraying the role of Nazneen Khan in POW Bandhi Yudh Ki, mother of two children who single-handedly brings them up while her husband Imaan Khan (played by Satyadeep Misra) is missing in action since the Kargil War.
Filmography
Unreleased films
Awards
References
External links
Official Site
Unconventionally yours, Sandhya Mridul The Times of India
Indian film actresses
Indian television actresses
Living people
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Actresses from New Delhi
1975 births
Actresses from Mumbai
20th-century Indian actresses
21st-century Indian actresses |
5394190 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villaluenga%20del%20Rosario | Villaluenga del Rosario | Villaluenga del Rosario is a village located in the province of Cádiz, Spain. According to the 2005 census, the city has a population of 481 inhabitants. It is located down Navazo Alto mountain, within the Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park. The village is famous for its payoyo cheese, first produced in 1996 from the milk of the local, endangered Payoya goat.
Demographics
Gallery
References
External links
Villaluenga del Rosario - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía
Municipalities of the Province of Cádiz |
5394192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinosternon | Kinosternon | Kinosternon is a genus of small aquatic turtles from the Americas known commonly as mud turtles.
Geographic range
They are found in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America. The greatest species richness is in Mexico, and only three species (K. dunni, K. leucostomum, and K. scorpioides) are found in South America.
Description
They are very similar to the musk turtles, but generally smaller in size, and their carapaces are not as highly domed.
Diet
All mud turtles are carnivorous, consuming various aquatic invertebrates, fish, and even carrion.
Species
Extant
Central Chiapas mud turtle - K. abaxillare (Baur, 1925)
Tabasco mud turtle - K. acutum Gray, 1831
Alamos mud turtle - K. alamosae Berry & Legler, 1980
Central American mud turtle - K. angustipons Legler, 1965
Striped mud turtle - K. baurii (Garman, 1891)
Jalisco mud turtle - K. chimalhuaca Berry, Seidel, & Iverson, 1996
Cora mud turtle - K. cora Loc-Barragán et al., 2020
Creaser's mud turtle - K. creaseri Hartweg, 1934
Dunn's mud turtle - K. dunni Schmidt, 1947
Durango mud turtle - K. durangoense Iverson, 1979
Yellow mud turtle - K. flavescens (Agassiz, 1857)
Herrera's mud turtle - K. herrerai Stejneger, 1925
Rough-footed mud turtle - K. hirtipes (Wagler, 1830)
Valley of Mexico mud turtle - K. h. hirtipes (Wagler, 1830)
Lake Chapala mud turtle - K. h. chapalaense Iverson, 1981
San Juanico mud turtle - K. h. magdalense Iverson, 1981
Viesca mud turtle - K. h. megacephalum Iverson, 1981 (extinct)
Mexican plateau mud turtle - K. h. murrayi Glass and Hartweg, 1951
Patzcuarco mud turtle - K. h. tarascense Iverson, 1981
Mexican mud turtle - K. integrum (LeConte, 1954)
White-lipped mud turtle - K. leucostomum A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1851
Northern white-lipped mud turtle - K. l. leucostomum A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1851
Southern white-lipped mud turtle - K. l. postinguinale (Cope, 1887)
Oaxaca mud turtle - K. oaxacae Berry & Iverson, 1980
Scorpion mud turtle - K. scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766)
Scorpion mud turtle (subspecies) - K. s. scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766)
White-throated mud turtle - K. s. albogulare (A.H.A. Duméril and Bocourt, 1870)
Red-cheeked mud turtle - K. s. cruentatum (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1851)
Sonora mud turtle - K. sonoriense (Le Conte, 1854)
Sonora mud turtle (subspecies) - K. s. sonoriense (Le Conte, 1854)
Sonoyta mud turtle - K. s. longifemorale (Iverson, 1981)
Florida mud turtle - K. steindachneri (Siebenrock, 1906)
Arizona mud turtle - K. stejnegeri Gilmore, 1923
Eastern mud turtle - K. subrubrum (Bonnaterre, 1789)
Eastern mud turtle (subspecies) - K. s. subrubrum (Bonnaterre, 1789)
Mississippi mud turtle - K. s. hippocrepis (Bonnaterre, 1789)
Vallarta mud turtle - K. vogti López-Luna et al., 2018
Extinct
†Kinosternon arizonense Gilmore, 1923 (known from Plio-Pleistocene fossil remains, formerly considered conspecific with K. stejnegeri)
References
Bibliography
Turtle genera
Taxa named by Johann Baptist von Spix |
5394198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Village%20cricket | Village cricket | Village cricket is a term, sometimes pejorative, given to the playing of cricket in rural villages in England and Wales. Many villages have their own teams that play at varying levels in local or regional club cricket leagues.
When organised cricket first began in the 17th century, matches were played between rival parishes or villages and this form of competition endured. In representative cricket a team includes players from more than one parish (e.g., a team that represents a county or a country).
Village cricket teams are often made up of local residents only, although some teams' first XI can include players with connections to minor counties cricket clubs and members of the academies of the county cricket club of the county in which the team lies.
Cricket in this form is often played on a village green or other public space instead of a dedicated ground, and the public may spectate.
In many non-professional cricket leagues, the adjective "village" is a descriptor used humorously, self-deprecatingly, or, sometimes, pejoratively to convey a sense of amateurishness of some aspect of the team's (or an individual's) preparation, dress, conduct or play.
Village Cup
The annual National Village Cup competition began in 1972 and each year's competition is covered in detail (particularly the final) in the following Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. The Cricketer magazine is responsible for organising the competition.
It is open to qualifying teams (ie those from villages (not towns) up to a set maximum population - originally 2,500 but has risen to 10,000 - and surrounded by open countryside) from across England, Wales and Scotland. The final is played at Lord's Cricket Ground in London. The competition's headline sponsor has changed often in recent years; the 2017 competition was chiefly sponsored by British milk producers, Watsons.
In popular media
The Midsomer Murders episode "Dead Man's Eleven" has a sub-plot about two village teams playing against each other.
Outside Edge, a 1979 play by Richard Harris about a village cricket team; two TV adaptations were made.
"When an Old Cricketer Leaves the Crease" is a 1975 song by Roy Harper that captures the atmosphere of a village cricket match.
See also
List of English and Welsh cricket league clubs
Cricket in England
Cricket in Wales
Twicket
References
External links
National Village Cup Home
Cricket terminology
Club cricket
Forms of cricket |
5394210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon%20Fishbowl | Amazon Fishbowl | Amazon Fishbowl was a short-lived online talk show on Amazon.com hosted by Bill Maher that featured information and interviews related to recently released books, music, and movies. Amazon Fishbowl debuted on June 1, 2006 and was discontinued in late 2007 after 12 episodes.
An Amazon spokesman said the show was created to eliminate the "separation between the artist discovery experience and the follow-up purchase opportunity".
Format
Amazon Fishbowl followed a traditional talk-show format, with a short comedy monologue, short interview segments and a musical performance, interspersed with Amazon-related promotions. Notable guests Maher interviewed included Rob Thomas, Soul Asylum, Dixie Chicks, Stephen King, and Dashboard Confessional.
References
External links
Internet Archive cache of the Amazon Fishbowl home page
Fishbowl
American non-fiction web series
2006 web series debuts
2007 web series endings |
5394221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelynack | Kelynack | Kelynack (from , meaning "abundant with holly") is a settlement in west Cornwall, England, UK.
Geography
Kelynack is on the Penwith peninsula approximately four miles (6 km) north north-east of Land's End and one mile (1.6 km) south of St Just. It lies along the B3306 road which connects St Ives to the A30 road, and is the last settlement before the road joins the A30. Kelynack lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Almost a third of Cornwall has AONB designation, with the same status and protection as a National Park. Kelynack is also the name of one of the three school houses at Cape Cornwall School.
History
Kelynack was mentioned in the Domesday Book where it was listed as Chelenoc, and as the Tithing of Kelynack in the Assize Rolls of 1284.
Kelynack Board School () was opened on 2 June 1880 with accommodation for one hundred children. In November 1882 a government inspector reported that the ″scholars are very neat and well-conducted; they are, of course, very backward; but a good beginning has been made.″
Pronounced (KEY – LIE – NACK) or pronounced (KELY (As in rely) – NACK)
Toponymy
First recorded in the Domesday Book as Chelenoc, then Kelkennek (1284), Kellenyek (1286), Kellenek (1300), Kelleynek (1302), Kellenick (1346), Kalynack (1589 and 1732), Killenick (1842). The name means holly grove.
References
External links
Hamlets in Cornwall
St Just in Penwith |
5394236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Branch | The Branch | The Branch is a river located entirely in the city of Keene, in southwestern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Ashuelot River, itself a tributary of the Connecticut River, which flows to Long Island Sound.
While itself a very short river, The Branch is formed by the confluence of the much-longer Otter Brook and Minnewawa Brook and was sometimes considered in the past to be part of Otter Brook. A 1982 decision by the federal Board on Geographic Names established the name "The Branch". Variant names cited by the Board include "Branch of Ashuelot", "Otter Branch", and "Otter Brook".
The Branch is paralleled for its entire length by New Hampshire Route 101.
See also
Stone Arch Bridge (Keene, New Hampshire)
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
Rivers of New Hampshire
Tributaries of the Connecticut River
Rivers of Cheshire County, New Hampshire |
5394240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villamart%C3%ADn | Villamartín | Villamartín is a city located in the province of Cádiz, Spain. According to the 2005 census, the city has a population of 12,145 inhabitants. It is location of Castle of Matrera.
Demographics
External links
Villamartín - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía
Panorámicas de Villamartín - Panorámicas de Villamartín
Municipalities of the Province of Cádiz |
5394245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963%20in%20Wales | 1963 in Wales | This article is about the particular significance of the year 1963 to Wales and its people.
Incumbents
Archbishop of Wales – Edwin Morris, Bishop of Monmouth
Archdruid of the National Eisteddfod of Wales – Cynan
Events
February
2 February – Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg holds its historic first protest in Aberystwyth, in the form of a sit-down at Trefechan Bridge.
9 February – The paramilitary Welsh nationalist organisation Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru plants a bomb at the construction site of the Tryweryn reservoir.
date unknown – A record snowfall of nearly 5 ft (1.5m) occurs at Tredegar in Monmouthshire.
March
6 March – After record freezing weather throughout the winter, it is the first day of the year when there is no frost in Wales.
28 March – Labour Party candidate Neil McBride wins the Swansea East by-election caused by the death of Labour Member of Parliament (MP) David Mort.
June
28 June – Caerphilly railway works closes.
August
August – Mandy Rice-Davies gives evidence at the trial of Stephen Ward, including the famous phrase, "Well, he would, wouldn't he?"
September
16 September – The Western Mail launches a fund-raising campaign to replace a stained glass window to replace the one shattered in the bombing of a church in Birmingham, Alabama, United States, by the Ku Klux Klan on the previous day; the £500 target is reached within days.
Date unknown
Dunraven Castle is demolished.
Arts and literature
The home and cultural centre of Gregynog Hall at Tregynon in Montgomeryshire is given to the University of Wales by owners and art-collectors, Margaret and Gwendoline Davies, granddaughters of Victorian industrialist David Davies.
A scientific journal in the Welsh language, Y Gwyddonydd, is launched.
The Beatles play at Mold 24 January; Cardiff 27 May; Abergavenny 22 June; Rhyl 19–20 July; and Llandudno 12–17 August.
Awards
National Eisteddfod of Wales (held in Llandudno)
National Eisteddfod of Wales: Chair – withheld
National Eisteddfod of Wales: Crown – Tom Parri Jones
National Eisteddfod of Wales: Prose Medal – William Llywelyn Jones
New books
Kenneth O. Morgan – David Lloyd George, Welsh Radical as World Statesman
Bertrand Russell – Essays in Skepticism
R. S. Thomas – The Bread of Truth
Clough Williams-Ellis – Portmeirion, the Place and its Meaning
Music
Arwel Hughes – Pantycelyn (oratorio)
Daniel Jones – The Knife (opera)
Grace Williams – Trumpet Concerto
Film
Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor star in Cleopatra.
Desmond Llewelyn makes his first appearance as "Q" in the James Bond series of films.
Rachel Roberts stars in This Sporting Life
Jack Howells wins the Academy Award for Dylan Thomas at the 35th Academy Awards in the category of Best Documentary Short. As of 2011 it is the only Welsh film to have won an Oscar.
Broadcasting
The ITV franchise Wales (West and North) Television (WWN) (also called "Teledu Cymru") becomes the only company in Independent Television history to go bankrupt, and is taken over by TWW.
Welsh-language television
Heno
English-language television
23 November – The first episode of BBC's new science fiction series Doctor Who, devised by Welshman Terry Nation, is broadcast.
Sport
BBC Wales Sports Personality of the Year – Howard Winstone
Births
22 January – Huw Irranca-Davies, politician
27 April – Russell T Davies, television screenwriter
14 May – Andrew Lewis, composer
8 June – Louise Jones, cyclist
15 June – Nigel Walker, athlete and rugby player
28 June – Peter Baynham, comedian
10 July – Ian Lougher, motorcycle racer
August – Rebecca Evans, operatic soprano
15 August (in Wolverhampton) – Simon Hart, politician, Secretary of State for Wales
12 September – Julie Roberts (artist), painter
19 October – Phil Davies, rugby union player
1 November – Mark Hughes, footballer and football manager
28 November – Charles Dale, television actor
7 December – Mark Bowen, footballer
16 December – Hugh Morris, cricketer
19 December – Paul Rhys, actor
28 December – Simon Thomas, politician
Deaths
1 January – David Mort, Labour MP for Swansea East, 74
11 January – Philippa Powys, novelist, 76
13 March – Margaret Davies, philanthropist, 78
15 January – Morgan Phillips, politician, 60
15 March – William Cove, politician, 74
28 March – Alec Templeton, composer, pianist and satirist, 52
15 April – Edward V. Robertson, US senator, 81
25 May – William Lewis, chemist
17 June – John Cowper Powys, novelist, 90
6 July – John Osborn Williams, politician in Newfoundland, 77
29 July – Frank Moody, British boxing champion, 62
11 September – William Richard Williams, civil servant and politician, 68
26 September
Goronwy Owen, politician, 82
Olive Wheeler, educationalist, 77
1 October – Tal Harris, Wales international rugby player, 61
11 October – Emlyn Garner Evans, lawyer and politician, 53
26 October – Horace Evans, royal physician, 60
16 December – Llewellyn Evans, Olympic hockey player, 84
20 December – Reg Skrimshire, Wales and British Lions rugby union player, 85
26 December – Gwynn Parry Jones, singer, 72
30 December – Rees Williams, footballer, 63
See also
1963 in Northern Ireland
Notes
Wales |
5394269 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jafi | Jafi | Jafi or JAFI may refer to:
Jewish Agency for Israel
Banawá or Jafí, an indigenous group in Brazil
Jafi language, a language of Brazil
Jafi dialect, a variety of the Sorani language of Iran |
5394271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrebinsky | Pogrebinsky | Pogrebinsky (also spelled Pogrebinski, Pogrebinskii, and Pogrebinskiy) is a surname of Slavic language origin. The earliest record of "Pogrebinsky" comes from Ukraine. The surname may derive from a place of origin or refer to someone who worked at a graveyard or was involved in burials. In Slavic languages, the prefix "po" indicates "by" or "near" while "grob" may refer to a grave, casket, or cellar.
People with the surname
Alexander Pogrebinsky, American painter
Elliana Pogrebinsky, American ice dancer
Matvei Pogrebinsky, Russian revolutionary
Ukrainian-language surnames |
5394287 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef%20Block | Josef Block | Josef Block (27 November 1863 – 20 December 1943) was a German painter.
Life and career
Block was born in Bernstadt an der Weide (Bierutów) in Prussian Silesia. He was a scholar of the Breslau (Wrocław) Art Academy, where his lifelong friendship with German dramatist Gerhart Hauptmann was established. He continued his studies at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts; in the studio of his tutor Professor Bruno Piglhein, Block was involved in painting Piglhein's Jerusalem Panorama. On 29 February 1892, the Society of Visual Artists of Munich was founded in his studio at Munich's Theresienstrasse, which was to be the basis of the Munich Secession, a movement of artists who felt that art was not sufficiently contemporary and open. This happened in preparation for the World Columbian Exposition 1893 in Chicago, where Block won a medal for his painting 'Twilight'.
In 1895 Block married Else Oppenheim, the daughter of banker and councilor of commerce Hugo Otto Oppenheim and a descendant of banker Joseph Mendelssohn. After living in Munich until 1896 he moved to Berlin. He continued painting biblical histories, realistic genre paintings, portraits and still lifes, selling paintings in Germany and the United States. Further expositions include the Grand Berlin Art Exposition and Paul Cassirer's parlor. Block was also a co-founder of the Berlin Secession, a movement similar to the Munich Secession. Other members of the Berlin Secession include Lovis Corinth, Max Liebermann, and Edvard Munch. Block liked traveling and was a passionate photographer. Block was persecuted by the Nazis in 1933, due to his Jewish ancestry, and forced to sell paintings from his collection. His apartment at Derfflinger Str. 16 in Berlin was seized by the Generalbauinspektor under Albert Speer. He died in Berlin in 1943.
Selected works
Christ and the Samaritan (1887)
The last ray of sun (1888)
Bathseba (1889)
The lost son (1890 in Munich, 1891 golden medal in Berlin)
Twilight (realistic interieur, 1893 medal in Chicago)
The new master (Munich Secession 1894)
Adulteress (1897)
Saul and David (1899)
Pietà (1902)
Judith (1904-1905)
South Italian Scene (around 1930)
The scientist (1942)
See also
List of German painters
Notes
Sources
Lorenz, Detlef: Zur Biographie des schlesischen Malers Josef Block. In: Jahrbuch der Schlesischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Breslau 42-44 (2001-2003) [2003], 709-714.
Tschörtner, Heinz Dieter: Gerhart Hauptmanns letzter Jugendfreund Josef Block aus Bernstadt (1863-1943). In: Jahrbuch der Schlesischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Breslau 38/39 (1997/1998) [1998], 773-781.
19th-century German painters
19th-century German male artists
20th-century German painters
20th-century German male artists
People from Bierutów
People from the Province of Silesia
19th-century German Jews
German male painters
Jewish painters
1863 births
1943 deaths
Mendelssohn family
Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni |
5394314 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniper%20Lane | Juniper Lane | Juniper Lane is a five-piece rock band from the Washington, DC area. The Washington Post has referred to Juniper Lane as "the total package," playing "polished, radio-ready rock." Washington, D.C.'s entertainment magazine, OnTap, described Juniper Lane's music as being "ready to kick radio and live ass."
The band was founded by vocalist/pianist, Vivion, and guitarist, Chris, who met in college at the University of Virginia and started writing music together after graduating and moving to Washington, D.C. Soon after, the band grew to include drummer Eddie, and bassist Freddy. In 2008, John joined the band. Their debut album, Counting, was released in 1999 and was followed up with Tightrope and Sirens From a Mile Back. Following the release of Sirens, Vivion was involved in a nearly fatal rock-climbing accident. After her recovery, Juniper Lane returned to the studio to record Wake From Yourself, which was released at a sold-out CD release show at the 9:30 Club in 2007.
In July 2008, Coldplay chose Juniper Lane to open for them at the Verizon Center in Washington, DC on August 3, 2008. In 2011, Juniper Lane released an EP of the opening set, showcasing the band's powerful live performance. The EP includes several stand out tracks from "Wake From Yourself," as well as a newly released B-Side, "Static," mixed by Paul David Hager.
As a result of the opportunity to open for Coldplay, famed mixer Michael Brauer (Coldplay, Paul McCartney, John Mayer, The Fray) mixed four new songs Juniper Lane recorded for their fifth album, "Standing on the White Line," with the final six songs of the record being mixed by Paul David Hager (Goo Goo Dolls, Jonas Brothers, Miley Cyrus) and Mitch Easter (R.E.M., Wilco, Suzanne Vega).. The band released the much anticipated "Standing on the White Line" on October 8, 2011.
Juniper Lane's music has been featured on MTV's The Hills, ESPN's Baseball Tonight and NCAA Women's Final Four Coverage. Their songs have also been added to Sirius XM Radio's Flight 26 and XMU channels and spun on commercial and college stations nationwide.
Juniper Lane has toured extensively on the East Coast, including shows at colleges, clubs, and venues such as the 9:30 Club, Recher Theatre, and DC's 99.1 HFStival, as well as performing in-studio for commercial radio and on live television. The band's song-writing has afforded them the opportunity to work with such industry professionals as mixer Michael Brauer, producer Ted Comerford (Zox, Army of Me), Joe Zook (Modest Mouse, Remy Zero, Liz Phair, Anna Nalick), Paul David Hager, and Mitch Easter (R.E.M., Wilco, Suzanne Vega).
References
External links
Official website
American folk rock groups
Indie rock musical groups from Washington, D.C.
Musical groups established in 1998 |
5394326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Helbig | Don Helbig | Don Helbig (born in Cincinnati, Ohio) is best known as a Kings Island enthusiast who holds several riding records at the park, including a Guinness world record for the most nonconsecutive rides on a roller coaster. He later became the public relations manager for Kings Island in 2007.
, Helbig has taken over 12,000 rides on The Racer, generally recognized as a world record. Helbig was hired as the Kings Island public relations manager in 2007. He has also been a broadcaster and media relations director working in professional ice hockey, winning the American Hockey League's Ken McKenzie Award in 2003. During his years in pro hockey, Helbig worked for the Cincinnati Tigers, Cincinnati Cyclones, Carolina Monarchs, Cincinnati Mighty Ducks and the Albany River Rats. He also spent one season as the broadcaster for the Albany Conquest of the af2.
Helbig began his pursuit of setting records on the Racer on June 15, 1981. Employed at the time as a novelty vendor for the Cincinnati Reds, he found free time during a Major League Baseball strike that lasted nearly two months. Initially, Helbig wanted to attain the single day park record for rides on the Racer, which was previously 96 set in 1976. On August 9, 1981, he broke the record finishing the day with 97 rides. On September 1, 1982, he broke his own record with 111 rides. Years later on September 2, 1987, he established the current record of 112. In addition to the single-day riding record, Helbig also pursued the goal of reaching 10,000 nonconsecutive rides – a feat he accomplished by 1990.
The endeavor brought attention from the national news media on his milestone rides (1,000, 2,000, etc.). Helbig continued to ride the Racer almost daily throughout the 1980s, accruing a single-season high of 2,211 rides in 1982, while mixing in more than 3,000 rides on the legendary Beast roller coaster and enjoying Kings Island's live shows. He is a member of American Coaster Enthusiasts and wrote reviews of amusement park books for the club's quarterly newsletter.
In 2004, Kings Island held a "Don Helbig Day" in honor of his 1,000th visit to the park. Helbig has appeared live on Good Morning America, been on Entertainment Tonight, and has been featured in the pages of numerous newspapers and media outlets including Star Magazine and USA Today.
References
1962 births
Living people
People from Cincinnati
Kings Island |
5394327 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph%20Keyes | Ralph Keyes | Ralph Keyes (born March 1, 1961 in Cork, Ireland) is a retired rugby union player who won eight caps playing at fly-half for the Irish rugby union side.
He made his international test debut at the age of 24 on 1 March 1986 against England in the 1986 Five Nations Championship. It was his last match until selection for the 1991 Rugby World Cup during which he played 4 matches and scored 68 points, the highest of any player during that tournament. He then played three matches in the following years Five Nations Championship before losing his place in the starting line-up.
External links
Ralph Keyes on Sporting Heroes
1961 births
Irish rugby union players
Living people
Rugby union fly-halves
Ireland international rugby union players
RTÉ Sports Person of the Year winners |
5394328 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda%20ST%20series%20%28minibike%29 | Honda ST series (minibike) | The Honda ST-series minibikes are known as the Dax in Japan and Europe, and the Trail 70 in Canada and the US.
The ST70 was exported to Canada and the US as the CT70. This is an exception to Honda's usual practice of prefix letters indicating the bike family, followed by engine size. The CT70 is mechanically unrelated to other CT-series bikes such as the CT50 Motra, and the CT50, CT90 & CT110 Trail Cubs. The ST90 was sold in the US as the Trailsport, and was not given a CT designation.
The ST50, ST70, and CT70 were introduced in August 1969 and produced through 1981. The larger ST90 was produced from 1973 through 1975. The ST50 was reissued in 1995, and produced through 2000.
The CT70 was also sold in the US from 1981 through 1994 with a new serial number format: JH2Dxxxxxxxxxxxxx, rather than the CT70-xxxxxxx format used since 1969. These 'JH2D' bikes are not listed in Honda Japan's production figures above and are perhaps licensed production.
A key feature of the ST-series is the pressed-steel "T-bone" frame that distinguishes it from Honda's other minibikes: the Z50 Monkey & Gorilla, the Ape, the CF50 & CF70, and the CY50 & CY80 Nautydax.
As a general description, the ST-series bikes have a bench-style saddle, small fat tires, and folding handle bars. They have an air-cooled 4-stroke engine with either a 3-speed semi-automatic transmission, with an automatic centrifugal clutch, or a 4-speed manual gearbox. The ST90 uses larger 3.00-14 tires, compared to the 3.50-10 and 4.00-10 of the smaller bikes. For more detail about individual models, see the accompanying Infoboxes and the External Links section below.
Due to the diminutive wheel-size and limited speed, the ST-series bikes do not always qualify as road-legal vehicles and were sold in some markets for off-road recreation only. Their licensing status varies with locale and time period during their nearly 40 years of existence.
Honda's patents for the original ST-series expired in 1998, and replica bikes have become a popular export product for many Chinese manufacturers such as Jincheng, Lifan, Panda, and Redcat.
The Dax name resurfaced at the 2001 Tokyo Motor Show with the e-DAX concept vehicle, a 25 kg folding electric wheel motor scooter meant to accompany the Bulldog concept car as a trunk bike. This car-scooter combination was previously introduced by Honda in 1981 with the City car and Motocompo folding scooter.
More specifications
References
External links
1969 Infobox specifications from these Honda pages on 2008-02-26:
http://www.honda.co.jp/news/1969/2690814.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20050422121035/http://www.honda.co.jp/collection-hall/2r/235.html
http://www.honda.co.jp/sou50/Hworld/Hall/2r/64.html
1971 Infobox specifications from these Honda pages on 2008-02-26:
http://www.honda.co.jp/news/1971/2710205.html
1976 Infobox specifications from these Honda pages on 2008-02-26:
https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040242/http://www.honda.co.jp/news/1976/276040102.html
1979 Infobox specifications from these Honda pages on 2008-02-26:
http://www.honda.co.jp/news/1979/2790220.html
1995 Infobox specifications from these Honda pages on 2008-02-26:
http://www.honda.co.jp/news/1995/2950118.html
External links
Folding Video at honda.co.jp
ST-series Owners Gallery at honda.co.jp
ST series (minibike)
Minibikes |
5394329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And%20Now%20My%20Love | And Now My Love | And Now My Love (), (Released as 'A Whole Lifetime' in Australia) is a French-Italian film released in 1974 by Claude Lelouch, starring Marthe Keller, André Dussollier, Charles Denner, and Charles Gérard. The American title derives from the use of the Gilbert Bécaud song "Et Maintenant" at the film's climax; the song title literally translates as "And Now," and the song became a worldwide hit when it was recorded with English lyrics as "What Now My Love".
And Now My Love was nominated for the Best Original Screenplay Oscar in 1975. The film was also screened at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival, but wasn't entered into the main competition.
Synopsis
The story begins in France with a black-and-white, silent film-style sequence in the pre-World War I era, where a woman (Judith Magre) meets a man (Charles Denner) operating a prototypical Lumiere movie camera in a park. After charming her into taking a turn operating the crank on his camera, she is next seen bearing his child while he is enlisted in the French army, documenting soldiers in a trench. He receives a telegram announcing the birth of his son, but is killed by enemy fire quickly after. His widow and young son are given posthumous medals for his service by a general (Daniel Boulanger). The general later takes a fancy to a chorus girl (Marthe Keller), whom he quickly marries. His wife bears him a daughter, but is previously shown cheating on him with his younger aide-de-camp. The general kills her upon discovering her infidelity. (This scene is omitted, but flashed back to later on, in the U.S. release version.) On the same day as her death, the shooting of the Romanov family takes place, and a brief montage of the succeeding Russian leaders is shown.
A film clip announcing the breakthrough of sound recording on film and promoting the release of The Jazz Singer transitions to sound clips of Hitler and World War II events, and then to a train carrying Jewish concentration camp survivors, including the now grown daughter of the cuckolded general, named Rachel Stern (Marthe Keller again), and the son of the filmmaker's widow (Charles Denner again), named David Goldman. They are drawn to each other, exchange photos of their deceased parents, and are next seen conceiving a child (with the film switching to color). Rachel, weakened by her camp imprisonment, dies in childbirth, but successfully bears David a daughter, whom he names Sarah. Over a series of birthday scenes, Sarah (Marthe Keller once more) is depicted as growing into the image of her mother, and being lavishly spoiled by David, who has now become a millionaire from manufacturing shoes. On her 16th birthday, he hires French pop star Gilbert Bécaud (playing a fictional version of himself) to perform for her. Later that night, she loses her virginity to him.
In scenes crosscut with Sarah's youth, the character of Simon Duroc (André Dussollier) is introduced, shoplifting a Gilbert Bécaud record. He pulls many petty crimes, but is caught by police. His defense attorney reveals in court that Simon has been raised in an orphanage, been to reform school, and deserted the Army during France's war with Algeria, attempting to draw sympathy for him. Simon is found guilty and sent to jail. He engineers an escape via a garbage truck, but after he steals a car, he gets into a car wreck and is sent back to jail. At the same point in time, Sarah, earlier seen being cavalierly dumped by Bécaud when she tries to meet him backstage at a concert, attempts suicide, but survives in hospital.
Desperate to try making her move on from her affair with Bécaud, David takes Sarah on a long, around-the-world trip, where they talk at length about relationships, religion, class issues, and other concepts. Flashbacks reveal that David previously visited many of these sites with Rachel, and had some of the same discussions. Sarah is still swept up in misplaced love and mostly ridicules her father's counsel. In jail, Simon befriends Sam (Sam Letrone), a cook with a trained rooster, and later apprentices himself to the prison photographer "Charlie Focus" (Charles Gérard), who teaches him how to take photographs. Sarah and Simon unconsciously develop identical traits, such as wanting three sugars in their coffee, that indicate they may be destined to be a couple.
A couple of years later, Sarah is now living in Italy, ostensibly supervising the local branch of her father's shoe company. She has a best friend Carla (Carla Gravina) whom she briefly carries on a lesbian relationship with. She propositions a handsome stud (Angelo Infanti) to get her pregnant, but the attempt is unsuccessful and he ultimately becomes involved with Carla instead. Simon and Charles are released from jail, and after a brief period of making money taking surveillance photos and film of unfaithful couples, find success making a porno movie depicting deviant acts in Hitler's inner circle. At a party thrown by Sarah and Carla, this porno film is screened, but Sarah declines to watch it. Simon and Charles' office is raided (since making adult films is a criminal act at this time of history), and they are arrested and sent back to prison; one of the arresting officers is the same who previously sent Simon to jail earlier in the film, but does not recognize him.
At the tail end of the '60's, Sarah has taken to writing about herself and her dissatisfied upbringing, remarking on her father's indulgence as a means of keeping her mother's memory alive. She agrees to marry an Italian man suggested by her father (Gabriele Tinti), but divorces him after six days, coinciding with the Six-Day War between Israel and Egypt. Four days after the breakup, David dies from a heart attack. Simon, having devoured film theory books and Cahiers du Cinéma magazine during his porn-making incarceration, is eager to make a feature film, and starts conceiving an autobiographical story. When he and Charles are released from jail, they reunite with Sam, who is now a successful restaurateur, and frequently dine with him. The duo set up a firm to make commercials, and win an award for one of them. Chafing under the conditions of advertising, Simon embarks on adapting a book into his directorial debut, casting a black actress (Annie Kerani) he begins dating after making a commercial with her. However, she cheats on him with the leading actor in the project, and Simon's bitterness creeps into the finished film, which ends with her being choked by the actor. The film is poorly reviewed and forces the team to go back to making commercials. They rent office space in the same building where Sarah's company is headquartered, Sarah and Simon obliviously walking past each other in one moment.
A heartbroken Sarah, now recognizing the wisdom of her father after his death, proposes sweeping progressive changes to his company that will favor the workers. However, a union agitator (Élie Chouraqui) doubts the company's sincerity and leads the employees on a violent strike. Sarah finds herself attracted to the agitator and briefly dates him, but otherwise maintains a long-term relationship with a kind-hearted member of her board of directors; while appreciating his calm and nurturing manner, she finds no excitement in the relationship. Simon initially attempts to pitch another feature film, this time an dystopian science fiction story about man's future. He chooses instead to make his earlier autobiographical tale, complete with reenacting events of his life previously depicted - his youthful thefts, his porn career, etc. There are two more near-meets between Simon and Sarah during this time, once at the restaurant as they both dine there unaware of each other, and later at the Deauville beach, where Sarah has gone to reassess her priorities and Simon tries to rethink the ending to his film. In the latter encounter, while they do not meet, he crosses paths with her dog, which inspires him to write a happy ending for his movie. The new film is well-received and Simon is interviewed on TV, which Sarah watches with interest.
At the climax, Sarah tells her lover she is leaving him, tired of the boring stability they have experienced. She intends to go to New York City to raise money for Israel. Her lover accompanies her to the airport. Simultaneously, Simon is also heading for New York as well, feeling he needs a change of scenery to get ideas for his next film. They arrive at the departure desk one after the other, their luggage is tagged at the same time, and their seats are next to each other. When they are offered coffee, Simon asks for three sugars, Sarah takes note of it, and they initiate conversation. In a sequence cut from the American release version (but retained on the first U.S. DVD from Image Entertainment), the dystopian future story that Simon had been contemplating is dramatized at length, as he tells it to Sarah. The film ends with their respective bags on top of each other on a conveyor belt, as if making love.
According to film historian John Kirk, an earlier French release version of the film ended with the plane carrying Sarah and Simon crashing soon after their meeting. The idea behind this stark finish was that since the film has depicted their entire lives, and their mutual destiny to meet each other as soul mates, the natural ending should be to then depict their lives ending since that task has been completed.
Production
Lelouch used the principle of Simultaneous Bilingual Film Production in making this film: for each camera setup, the actors performed twice (in English and in French), so that neither the French-language nor English-language prints are dubbed or subtitled.
Many autobiographical elements come into play, especially in the arc of the Simon Duroc character. Like Duroc, Lelouch's first feature film was widely panned, and his successful follow-up A Man and a Woman featured a sequence on the Deauville beach.
Cast
Marthe Keller as Sarah / Rachel, her mother / her grandmother
André Dussollier as Simon Duroc
Charles Denner as David Goldman, Sarah's father / his father
Carla Gravina as Carla, Sarah's Italian friend
Charles Gérard as Charlie-Focus, Simon's friend
Gilbert Bécaud as himself
Sam Letrone as Sam, the restaurant owner
Judith Magre as David Goldman's mother
André Falcon as the lawyer
Nathalie Courval as the lawyer's wife
Annie Kerani as Simon's girlfriend
Daniel Boulanger as the general
Jacques Villeret as le spectator
François Chalais as himself
Gérard Sire as Monsieur Gérard,
Gabriele Tinti as Sarah's spouse
Élie Chouraqui as Paul, the unionist
Music
The movie uses many songs by French singer Gilbert Bécaud, who also plays a fictional version of himself in the movie. For the American release, captions indicated the names of his songs and when he was singing them, as well as other lesser-known French pop songs and performers. This was instrumental in demonstrating that Bécaud, who was not a familiar figure to English-speaking audiences, was a crucial element to the story, in that both protagonists are obsessed with him and his music, and that his presence was constantly hovering over their lives.
References
External links
French romantic drama films
1974 films
Italian romantic drama films
Films directed by Claude Lelouch
Films set in France
Films set in the United States
1970s French-language films
1970s Italian films
1970s French films |
5394343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowville%20and%20Beaver%20River%20Railroad | Lowville and Beaver River Railroad | The Lowville and Beaver River Railroad is a short-line railroad that was owned by Genesee Valley Transportation (GVT) of Batavia, New York from 1993 to Wednesday, January 24, 2007. Map
The Lowville & Beaver River runs from an interchange, with GVT subsidiary Mohawk, Adirondack and Northern Railroad (MHWA) at Lowville, NY to Croghan, New York.
History
The Lowville & Beaver River Railroad was originally part of the Utica & Black River Railroad (U&BR). The U&BR reached Lowville in 1868 and Cartage in 1871. There was an 11-mile branch line from Lowville through Beaver Falls to Croghan planned in 1880 but it was not built.
In 1903 James P. Lewis backed the short line to serve his mills at Beaver Falls. The Lowville & Beaver River Railroad was open on January 13, 1906.
The L&BR was dieselized in 1947, while #1923, their remaining steam locomotive, was last used on standby service in case the diesel needed repairs. It last operated in January 1957. The locomotives of the L&BR were numbered 10, 12, 51, 1912, 1923, 1947 (Diesel), 1950 (Diesel), 1951 (Diesel) and 8, a Shay owned by the Railway Historical Society of Northern New York. All of the diesels are GE 44-tonners.
From 2010 to 2012, Lewis County and GVT negotiated the sale of the LBR infrastructure to the county. Plans called for the LBR route, which was offered for $425,000, to be used for a museum train operated by the Railroad Society of Northern New York, which had been based in Croghan in the mid-1990s. The MHWA route from Lowville to Carthage was also to be sold to the county and converted to a rail trail. On April 30, 2012, however, the county decided against purchasing the infrastructure.
River Marine Inc. of Cape Vincent, NY recently purchased the former Carthage train depot on Mechanic Street. River Marine also owns the railway yard in Lowville, NY. Ronald J. Trottier the owner of River Marine Inc. plans to lease the railroad between Cartage and Lowville. His plan is to run tourist trains and rail bikes, human-pedal-powered open air vehicles that ride the rails.
The #1923 steam locomotive, an Alco 2-8-0, has been preserved as part of the Steamtown, USA National Historic Site, Scranton, PA.
Infrastructure
The 16.8 km long route of the LBR runs from Lowville through the valley of the Beaver River via New Bremen and Beaver Falls to Croghan. In Lowville, there is a connection to the MHWA route to Carthage, which is part of a connection formerly running from Utica to Clayton on the St. Lawrence River, but whose section from Lowville south to Lyons Falls was closed in 1964. The LBR has a small depot in Lowville.
The branch line crosses the Black River on a 1,100 foot long Warren swing through truss bridge.
Operations
The MHWA Lowville-to-Carthage branch line has been virtually out-of-service since the mid-1990s and is currently, as of May, 2022 out-of-service. The L&BR was placed out of service after the paper mill in Beaver Falls closed on January 24, 2007. The future usage of the line is yet to be determined.
External links
CNYrailroadnut's Lowville & Beaver River Railroad picture gallery
Railway Historical Society of Northern New York
More
References
New York (state) railroads
Railway companies established in 1903 |
5394373 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatius | Climatius | Climatius (from , 'gradation') is an extinct genus of spiny shark. Fossils have been found in both Europe and North America.
Climatius was an active swimmer, judging from its powerful caudal fin and abundant stabilizing fins, and probably preyed on other fish and crustaceans. Its lower jaw was lined with sharp teeth which were replaced when worn, but the upper jaw had no teeth. It had large eyes, suggesting that it hunted by sight.
It was a small fish, at , and to discourage predators, Climatius sported fifteen sharp spines. There was one spine each on the paired pelvic and pectoral fins, and on the aingle anal and two dorsal fins, and a four pairs without fins on the fish's underside.
See also
List of acanthodians
References
Parker, Steve. Dinosaurus: the complete guide to dinosaurs. Firefly Books Inc, 2003. Pg. 60
Acanthodii genera
Silurian acanthodians
Devonian acanthodians
Devonian fish of North America
Silurian fish of North America
Devonian fish of Europe
Silurian fish of Europe
Paleozoic life of Nova Scotia
Taxa named by Louis Agassiz |
5394374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Weitzman | David Weitzman | David Weitzman, QC (18 June 1898 – 6 May 1987) was a British Labour Party politician.
Weitzman was born in Blackburn and educated at Hutchesons' Grammar School, Glasgow, Manchester Central School and Manchester University. He served in the Manchester Regiment in the First World War. After graduating he was called to the Bar (Gray's Inn) and became a member of the Northern Circuit. He contested Stoke Newington unsuccessfully at the 1935 general election but it was a Labour gain at the 1945 general election.
In October 1947, he was convicted of conspiracy related to unlawful supply of toilet preparations (lipstick) by his brothers' Newington Supply Co. contrary to wartime regulations, and was sentenced to 12 months imprisonment and fined £500. This was quashed in March 1948.
For the 1950 election his seat was reconstituted as Hackney North and Stoke Newington and he went on to represent the constituency for a further 29 years.
For the five years leading up to his retirement in 1979, he was the last sitting British MP born in the 19th century, the last born during the Victorian era, the oldest member of the House of Commons, and the last Member of Parliament to have served in the First World War. After his retirement, Bob Edwards became the oldest sitting British MP.
He was married three times and had a son and a daughter from the first marriage. He died on 6 May 1987 aged 88.
References
"Times Guide to the House of Commons", Times Newspapers Limited, October 1974 and 1979 editions.
External links
1898 births
Weitszman, David
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
English Queen's Counsel
British Army personnel of World War I
Hackney Members of Parliament
UK MPs 1945–1950
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1951–1955
UK MPs 1955–1959
UK MPs 1959–1964
UK MPs 1964–1966
UK MPs 1966–1970
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
English Jews
People educated at Hutchesons' Grammar School
Jewish British politicians
Manchester Regiment soldiers
20th-century English lawyers |
5394379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Cuba%20relations | China–Cuba relations | Cuban–Chinese relations are the interstate relations between the People's Republic of China and Republic of Cuba. The origins of the relations began when the Qing dynasty established a consulate in Havana while Cuba was a still a colony of Spain in 1879. In 1902, the Qing dynasty recognized the independence of the Republic of Cuba from the United States, which had taken it from Spain in 1898. Cuba recognised the PRC in September 1960.
The relations are based on trade, credits, and investments, which have increased significantly since the 1990s. China is Cuba's second-largest trading partner after Venezuela. At a ceremonial trade gathering in Havana in early 2006, China's ambassador to Cuba said, "Our government has a firm position to develop trade co-operation between our countries. The policy, the orientation, has been determined. What's left is the work to complete our plans."
Although both Cuba and China are ruled by a communist party, they were on different sides during the Cold War, with Cuba being an ally of the Soviet Union, which China usually opposed following the Sino-Soviet Split.
China and Cuba have respect for each other's sovereign internal affairs and as a result experience good mutual relations such as being members of the Belt and Road Initiative for trade. China has partnered with Cuba to upgrade the rail network and other initiatives.
Commerce
Bilateral trade between China and Cuba in 2005 totaled US$777 million, of which US$560 million were Chinese exports to Cuba. Bilateral trade between China and Cuba in 2014 totaled US$1.6 billion. China is sending a growing amount of durable goods to Cuba. Chinese goods have become the primary tools both in the planned revitalization of Cuban transport infrastructure and in the "Energy Revolution" of 2006 to provide electricity to the Cuban population. Some large-scale transactions include:
Transportation
As of mid-2006, Cuba had purchased 100 locomotives from China for US$130 million.
As of early 2006, Cuba had signed a contract for 1,000 Chinese buses for urban and inter-provincial transportation.
Refrigerators
The Cuban government is replacing older appliances with newer, more energy-efficient models, including (as of early 2006) 30,000 Chinese refrigerators.
Investments
Nickel
As of 2004, China had agreed to planning to invest US$500 million in the completion and operation of Las Camariocas, an unfinished processing facility from the Soviet era. Under the agreement, Cubaníquel, the state-run nickel producer, owns 51 percent and Chinese-government owned Minmetals Corporation owns 49 percent. Financing for the project is from the China Development Bank, with Sinosure, the Chinese Export and Credit Insurance Corporation, providing guarantees.
Oil
SINOPEC, the Chinese state oil company, has an agreement with state-owned CUPET (Cuba Petroleum) to develop oil resources. As of mid-2008, SINOPEC had done some seismic testing for oil resources on the island of Cuba, but no drilling. The company also has a contract for joint production in one of Cuba's offshore areas of high potential yield, off the coast of Pinar del Río, but had done no off-shore drilling as of mid-2008.
In November 2005, PetroChina Great Wall Drilling Co., Ltd. and CUPET held a ceremony for the signing of two drilling service contracts, to provide di; Great Wall Drilling has provided drilling rigs for oil exploration on Cuba's north coast.
Biotechnology
In December 2005, the two countries signed an agreement to develop biotech joint ventures within the next three to five years. Two manufacturing plants using Cuban technology and processes, were operating in China as of early 2006.
Political and military relations
In 1912, the Cuban government established relations with the Beiyang government of the Republic of China in Peking. This continued with Nationalist government in Nanking and Taipei after losing most of its territory. Both countries were allies in both World War II and the Korean War. From September 1960, post-revolutionary Cuba shifted recognition to the People's Republic of China.
In the late 1990s, China provided the Cuban government with equipment to block signals from Radio Martí.
Chinese president and Party general secretary Hu Jintao visited Cuba in November 2004, and Chinese president and Party general secretary Xi Jinping visited Cuba in July 2014.
Chinese personnel have been operating two intelligence signal stations in Cuba since early 1999.
Cuba was one of 53 countries, that in June 2020, backed the Hong Kong national security law at the United Nations.
Other areas of cooperation
In 2004, China opened a local Confucius Institute in Havana.
Scientific and technical exchange and innovation in the industrial and agriculture sectors
Cultural exchanges
Medical, education and training exchanges
Energy and transport infrastructure
Resident diplomatic missions
China has an embassy in Havana.
Cuba has an embassy in Beijing and consulates-general in Guangzhou and Shanghai.
See also
Caribbean–China relations
Chinese Cubans
Belt and Road Initiative
Foreign relations of Cuba
Foreign relations of China
References
Further reading
Jiang Zemin, The Future of Socialism Remains as Bright as Ever, Excerpt from remarks to Fidel Castro (Selected Works, Vol I, p. 327-330)
Hearn, Adrian H. (2012), China, Global Governance and the Future of Cuba, in: Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 41, 1, 155–179.
Hearn, Adrian H. Cuba and China: Lessons and Opportunities for the United States Commissioned report for the CubaInfo Series; The Cuban Research Institute, Florida International University, June 2009z
External links
Chinese delegate Li Baodong praises Cuba's human rights record during the review of Cuba by the United Nations Human Rights Council's Universal Periodic Review, February 5, 2009
Cuba
Bilateral relations of Cuba |
5394381 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith%20Molin%C3%A9 | Keith Moliné | Keith Moliné is a British guitarist and electronic musician, best known for his work in Pere Ubu. He has also performed with David Thomas and Two Pale Boys, Infidel, They Came from the Stars I Saw Them, and Prescott. He uses Roland, Variax and Fernandes Sustainer technology, allowing him to produce numerous overlapping instrument voicings within the context of "live" playing.
References
British rock guitarists
British male guitarists
Living people
Pere Ubu members
Year of birth missing (living people) |
5394386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place%20des%20Victoires | Place des Victoires | The Place des Victoires is a circular place in Paris, located a short distance northeast from the Palais Royal and straddling the border between the 1st and the 2nd arrondissements. The Place des Victoires is at the confluence of six streets: Rue de la Feuillade, Rue Vide Gousset, Rue d'Aboukir, Rue Étienne Marcel, Rue Croix-des-Petits-Champs, and Rue Catinat.
History
At the center of the Place des Victoires is an equestrian monument in honor of King Louis XIV, celebrating the Treaties of Nijmegen concluded in 1678-79. A marshal of France, François de la Feuillade, vicomte d'Aubusson, on his own speculative initiative, demolished the old private mansions on the site. Feuillade's project was soon taken over by the Bâtiments du Roi, a department attached to the king's household, and the royal architect, Jules Hardouin Mansart, was entrusted with redesigning a grander complex of buildings, still in the form of a ring of private houses, to accommodate a majestic statue of the triumphant king.
Hardouin-Mansart's conception
Hardouin-Mansart's design, of 1685, articulated the square's unified façades according to a formula utilised in some Parisian hôtels particuliers, (palatial private homes). Mansart chose colossal pilasters linking two floors, standing on a high arcaded base with rustication of the pilasters; the façades were capped with sloping slate "mansard roofs", punctuated by dormer windows. However, because the building work was incomplete at the time of the unveiling of the monument, the envisioned façades were painted on canvas. By 1692, the Place des Victoires was pierced by six streets, and the circular plan functioned as a flexible joint to harmonize their various axes.
Desjardins sculpture
The original statue, of Louis XIV crowned by Victory and trampling Cerberus underfoot, in gilt bronze, stood on a high square pedestal with bas-relief panels and effusively flattering inscriptions; dejected bronze figures were seated at the corners. The sculptor was Martin Desjardins, part of the team that was working cooperatively at the Château of Versailles and its gardens.
Louis XIV's reversals
Louis permanently abandoned Paris in 1682, and his imperial ambitions in Europe were deflated by subsequent wars; the Treaty of Ryswick of 1697 was termed "a humiliating disaster for the king" by the military architect Vauban. "During the course of the eighteenth century," Rochelle Ziskin has noted, "critics would suggest that the arrogance of representation at the Place des Victoires had serious political consequences and may have been a factor in provoking war." The grandiose memorial that had begun to embarrass Louis XIV himself would eventually be destroyed in 1792, during the French Revolution.
Modern times
In 1793, the Place was renamed Place des Victoires-Nationaux (National Victories Square), and a wooden pyramid was erected on the site of the destroyed statue. In 1810, under the rule of Napoléon I, a nude statue of the General Louis Desaix replaced the pyramid. However, following the abdication of Napoléon, the statue was taken down and its metal was used to create a new statue of Henry IV on the nearby Pont Neuf.
In 1828, the restored Bourbon king, Charles X, commissioned the current equestrian statue, which was sculpted by François Joseph Bosio in imitation of the famous Bronze Horseman. Louis XIV, dressed as a Roman emperor, sits on a proud horse rearing on its hind legs. An iron fence encircles the twelve-meter-high monument.
Square today
The area surrounding the Place des Victoires is now an upmarket neighborhood. Fashion designers Kenzo and Cacharel have boutiques there, as have the ready-to-wear chains Maje, and Zadig et Voltaire. The German Forum for Art History (Deutsches Forum für Kunstgeschichte) is on the Place and the French Institut national d'histoire de l'art is in nearby Galerie Colbert.
Metro station
The Place des Victoires is:
It is served by lines 3, 4, 7, and 14.
Notes
External links
Monuments and memorials in Paris
Victoires
1685 establishments in France
Buildings and structures in the 1st arrondissement of Paris
Buildings and structures in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris |
5394416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmer%20Vasko | Elmer Vasko | Elmer "Moose" Vasko (December 11, 1935 – October 30, 1998) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played 13 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Chicago Black Hawks and Minnesota North Stars. He was on the Blackhawks team that won the Stanley Cup in 1961.
Personal
Vasko was born in Duparquet, Quebec. He was one of the few players of Slovak descent in the NHL's younger years. Vasko also never lost any of his teeth during his NHL career, despite the lack of mouthguards or helmets in his playing days. He was a second team all star in 1962-63 and 1963-64.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
External links
1935 births
1998 deaths
Buffalo Bisons (AHL) players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Canadian people of Slovak descent
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Minnesota North Stars players
People from Abitibi-Témiscamingue
Salt Lake Golden Eagles (WHL) players
Stanley Cup champions
St. Catharines Teepees players |
5394425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade%E2%80%93Bar%20railway | Belgrade–Bar railway | The Belgrade–Bar railway () is a railway connecting the Serbian capital of Belgrade with the town of Bar, a major seaport in Montenegro.
Overview
The Belgrade–Bar railway is a standard-gauge railway, long. Of this length, of the railway goes through Serbia, and through Montenegro. It is electrified with 25 kV, 50 Hz AC along the entire corridor. It passes through 254 tunnels of total length of and over 435 bridges (total length ). The longest tunnels are "Sozina", , and "Zlatibor", . The biggest and the best known bridge is Mala Rijeka Viaduct, long and above ground level.
The highest point of the railway is at above mean sea level, at the town of Kolašin. The railway descends to 40m above mean sea level at Podgorica in a relatively short distance, thus the gradient of 25‰ on this section.
A small section of the railway actually passes through Bosnia and Herzegovina, near the town of Štrpci, and three trains per day stop there in each direction (though no border police is normally present)
When the line was completed in the late 1970s, it took a train approximately seven hours to complete the trip from Belgrade to Bar. Today it takes 11 hours, due to speed restrictions, as the railway cannot safely sustain the projected speeds without being thoroughly rebuilt.
Stations
History
The decision to build the railway connection between Belgrade and Bar was made in 1952, as a national project of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. However, the construction was passed to the constituent Republics, SR Serbia and SR Montenegro, to build on their own.
The sections of the railway were completed as follows:
Resnik – Vreoci in 1958
Podgorica – Bar in 1959
Vreoci – Valjevo in 1968
Valjevo – Užice in 1972
Užice – Podgorica in 1976
The construction works were concluded on 27 November 1975, by joining the railway tracks south of Kolašin. The railway was opened on 28 May 1976. Electrification was completed at the end of 1977.
Maintenance of the Belgrade–Bar railway suffered from chronic underfunding during the 1990s, which has resulted in the railway deteriorating and becoming unsafe. This culminated in the Bioče derailment, when a passenger train derailed, causing the deaths of 47 passengers. As a result, efforts are being made to thoroughly reconstruct the railway.
The Serbian part of the railway was targeted several times by NATO during its bombing campaign in 1999, seriously damaging portions of the railway. Also, the small section that passes through Bosnia and Herzegovina was blown up by SFOR ground forces. All of this damage was later repaired.
In 2016, Serbia commenced a thorough reconstruction of the entire section on its territory. The aim is to make the line able to support the maximum speed of 120 km/h as originally designed. The first section, from Belgrade to Valjevo, which represents 27% of the Serbian part of the line, was due for completion during the summer of 2017.
Gallery
See also
Serbian Railways
Rail transport in Montenegro
References
External links
Belgrade to Bar railway, Seat 61
The Guardian
International railway lines
Railway lines in Serbia
Railway lines in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Railway lines in Montenegro
Railway lines opened in 1958 |
5394440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS.ac%2C%20Inc. | SMS.ac, Inc. | Founded in 2001, SMS.ac Inc. is a mobile data and Internet communications company based in San Diego, California. With a worldwide connectivity to more than 400 mobile operators, the company offers a platform MMSbox for interpole exchange of MMS and SMS. The company (and its spinoff subsidiary FanBox, now rebranded as empowr) has claimed to serve over 14 billion mobile text messages in 2003, and 25 billion in 2004 where they were widely criticized for charging unrequested SMS services from consumers and for failing to respond to the complaints of users and for FanBox's e-mail activities. The company provides distribution and billing to people buying and selling digital content (video, music, and applications) through (SMS) mobile services and web-based applications. SMS.ac's website integrates its mobile billing technology with various social networking services like photos, videos, music, and comments. SMS.ac claims over 50 million registered users in more than 180 countries.
The SMS.ac website domain name uses the .ac top-level domain for Ascension Island.
As of June 2022, the domain is for sale and emails to the domain bounce due to lack of a configured mail server.
Business model
SMS.ac's revenue is derived through revenue-sharing arrangements with content providers and mobile operators. Specifically, the company enables content providers to bill subscribers for consumption of video, music, and widgets through SMS-based (text message) mobile billing.
History
At the time of its public launch in 2002, SMS.ac made history by signing up "nearly 6 million users in its first six months – making it the fastest product launch in Internet history".
In 2005, SMS.ac was recognized as one of "the top emerging companies in the wireless industry" by Fierce Wireless's "Fierce 15". An article by the Chicago Tribune described "a clever text-messaging ploy" whereby users provide their e-mail address and password in response to a message to join.
In 2006 an article in the International Herald Tribune, while praising the service's integrated billing option, stated "SMS.ac is one of those right-place, right-time, right-technology companies that has nearly all the elements for colossal success. But it also has hovering over it a big red flag that could wrong-foot it at any moment as some consumers had complained on the Internet and in the mainstream press that SMS.ac has charged them for services they never asked for, making that billing relationship into potentially its greatest liability."
In 2007, SMS.ac created a DBA called FanBox, a social networking mobile desktop site.
In 2008, SMS.ac was fined £250,000 by the UK premium rate regulator, PhonepayPlus, for operating misleading and unfair mobile-terminating text message services without giving proper pricing information, and barred from operating reverse-billed services in the UK until it became compliant with the PhonepayPlus compliance rules. Following the ruling SMS.ac brought their practices into compliance with UK regulations.
On 18 July 2009 the alleged unfair labor practices of SMS.ac subsidiary, FanBox were reported by San Diego 6 News. In the coverage, former employees claimed they often received partial paychecks if they were paid at all.
See also
Marketplace
Micropayments
Social network
User generated content
References
External links
Forbes.com
SMS.ac warning, jacobsen.no
Internet service providers of the United States
Companies based in San Diego
Privately held companies based in California
Companies established in 2001 |
5394451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo%20York%20%28Central%20Park%29 | Zoo York (Central Park) | Zoo York is a style and social philosophy inspired by the New York City graffiti art subculture of the 1970s. Its name originates from a subway tunnel running underneath the area of the Central Park Zoo. This tunnel, called the Zoo York Tunnel, or simply "Zoo York," was a haunt of very early "old school" graffiti writers who hung out with the hippies around the Central Park Bandshell in the late 1960s and 1970s.
Zoo York Tunnel
Dubbed "Zoo York" by graffiti pioneer and rapper ALI (Marc Edmonds), founder of the Soul Artists, the subway tunnel provided a "scene" where crews of Manhattan graffiti artists gathered at night. The tunnel itself was a cut-and-cover construction project built through Central Park from 1971 to 1973. Extensions of the New York City Subway's BMT Broadway Line and IND Sixth Avenue Line, continued north from their former (BMT) and 57th Street (IND) stations, merged just south of the City Zoo, then snaked underneath the zoo grounds and out under Fifth Avenue, where they connected to the recently completed 63rd Street Line and bellmouths for the Second Avenue Subway.
During construction, the site was left unguarded at night. Unauthorized entry was discouraged by a tall aluminum-sheathed wall erected around the open ground by the New York City Transit Authority—but this hardly deterred local graffiti writers from boosting one another over it and climbing down into the tunnel below. Down inside the tunnel, there were four subway tracks (uptown and downtown IND and BMT tracks on two levels; downtown tracks on upper level, uptown tracks on lower level) constructed on two levels about underneath the park, creating something of a subterranean monkey-house environment for invading street kids to climb around and scrawl graffiti on.
Tagging the wall
Graffiti artists also marked their territory by "tagging" the wall which had been put up around the construction site. A photograph of the extinct Zoo York Wall is prominently displayed on the second page of The Faith of Graffiti, the noted 1974 photo essay book on New York City graffiti (documented by Mervyn Kurlansky and John Naar, with text by Norman Mailer. Praeger Publishers, Inc.)
Origins of name
A cynical social observer with a quick wit, ALI coined the term "Zoo York" to describe the absurdity displayed in the attitudes and actions of New Yorkers during what he called the "Sick Seventies"—particularly as exemplified by what he saw at the Central Park subway tunnel site late at night. The tunnel's naming occurred when a crew of graffiti artists calling themselves The Underground (UND) gathered at the site late one autumn night in 1971. Several of them, ALI, FINE, KITE (aka CRUNCH) and ACEY (aka SIE-1), had just attended a showing of a new musical-comedy review called National Lampoon's Lemmings at the Village Gate downtown. The show (which starred future comic notables John Belushi, Chevy Chase and Christopher Guest) lampooned the Woodstock Festival, which had taken place upstate two years earlier—calling it "Woodchuck" and equating the entire hippie generation with lemmings bent on self-destruction. The crew of teenagers made similar comparisons between themselves and the animals in the nearby zoo.
The Central Park Zoo at that time was a classical 19th-century menagerie, populated by wild animals displayed in open-air cages, who paced the bars back and forth neurotically—always hoping for an escape, yet paradoxically blind to the world beyond their cramped quarters. ALI noted that by contrast, here were these feral teenagers, himself included, living in a free society, who sought nothing more wholeheartedly than to crowd together in a deep, dark hole in the ground. Marvelling at their perverse urban psychologies, ALI decided that all city people were insane for seeking imprisonment in tiny apartments, offices, subway cars and the like, and declared that New York City itself was "not New, but a Zoo!" He named the tunnel itself "Zoo York"—a perfect symbol, in his mind, of the dark psyche of the inner city itself.
References
Further reading
The Faith of Graffiti, documented by Mervyn Kurlansky and John Naar, text by Norman Mailer, New York: Praeger Publishers, Inc., 1974.
Culture of New York City
Graffiti in the United States
Central Park |
5394495 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Children%27s%20Museum%2C%20Connecticut | The Children's Museum, Connecticut | The Children's Museum is the oldest and largest museum for children in Connecticut, United States. The museum was founded in 1927 as the Children's Museum of Hartford, and was known until 2006 as The Science Center of Connecticut. The Museum is geared towards young children, and is committed to "Igniting Curiosity through Science and Nature". It is the fifth oldest of all Children's Museums in the US, and serves over 200,000 people each year.
Located at 950 Trout Brook Dr. in West Hartford, the Children's Museum offers interactive exhibits, New England's second largest planetarium, over a hundred live animals, a life-sized replica of a sperm whale (Connecticut's State animal) that visitors can walk inside, and science and nature classes for children. It also includes the Children's Museum Preschool, one of the nation's oldest preschools, and of very few that feature a science and nature curriculum.
External links
The Children's Museum
Museums established in 1927
Children's museums in Connecticut
Museums in Hartford County, Connecticut
Planetaria in the United States
Buildings and structures in West Hartford, Connecticut |
5394583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajaram | Rajaram | Rajaram or Raja Ram is one of the Indian names:
Several Chhatrapatis, leaders of the Maratha Empire in India
Rajaram I (1670–1700), younger son of Maratha ruler Chhatrapati Shivaji, ruled 1689–1700
Rajaram II of Satara, putative grandson of Rajaram Chhatrapati, ruled 1749–1777
Rajaram II (1850–1870), Raja of Kolhapur 1866–1870
Rajaram III (1897–1940), Maharaja of Kolhapur 1922–1940
Rajaram College in Kolhapur, named after the Maratha King
Rajaram Godase (born 1961), Indian politician
Rajaram of Sinsini (ruled 1670–1688), Jat leader and organizer of rebellion against Aurangzeb
Rajaram (politician), Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh
Madhurantakam Rajaram (1930–1999), Indian story writer
Raja Ram Mohan Roy, a founder of the Brahmo Samaj, an Indian socio-religious reform movement
Raja Ram (musician) (born Ronald Rothfield 1941), musician and the owner of the UK record label TIP World
N. S. Rajaram (1943–2019), 21st century author and mathematician
Ramaswamy Rajaram, Indian Air Force Air Marshal |
5394586 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otter%20Brook%20%28Ashuelot%20River%20tributary%29 | Otter Brook (Ashuelot River tributary) | Otter Brook is a river located in southwestern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of The Branch of the Ashuelot River, itself a tributary of the Connecticut River, which flows to Long Island Sound.
Otter Brook begins at Chandler Meadow, in the town of Stoddard, New Hampshire. It flows southwest through the towns of Nelson, Sullivan, and Roxbury, eventually entering the city of Keene, where it joins Minnewawa Brook to form The Branch.
The brook passes through Ellis Reservoir (a small lake in Sullivan) and Otter Brook Lake, a flood control reservoir built on the boundary between Keene and Roxbury. The dam which created Otter Brook lake was completed in 1958. From the village of East Sullivan to Otter Brook Lake, the brook is followed by New Hampshire Route 9.
See also
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
Rivers of New Hampshire
Rivers of Cheshire County, New Hampshire
Tributaries of the Connecticut River
Stoddard, New Hampshire
Nelson, New Hampshire
Roxbury, New Hampshire
Keene, New Hampshire |
5394591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krya%20Vrysi | Krya Vrysi | Krya Vrysi (Κρύα Βρύση) may refer to several places in Greece:
Krya Vrysi, Pella, a municipal unit in the Pella regional unit
Krya Vrysi, Karditsa, a village in the Karditsa regional unit, part of the municipal unit Mitropoli
Krya Vrysi, Rethymno, a village in the Rethymno regional unit, part of the municipal unit Lampi
Krya Vrysi, Trikala, a village in the Trikala regional unit, part of the municipality Kalampaka
Krya Vrysi, Nesebar |
5394597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakhmut%20Raion | Bakhmut Raion | Bakhmut Raion () is a raion (district) within the northeastern part of Donetsk Oblast in eastern Ukraine. Its administrative center is Bakhmut. Its area is , and its population is approximately .
Created in 1923, it was known as Artemivsk Raion from 1924 to 2016 after its administrative center. Due to the Russo-Ukrainian War, three smaller municipalities were transferred away from Yenakiieve municipality and transferred to Bakhmut Raion (at that time Artemivsk Raion), among which are Vuhlehirsk municipality, Olkhovatka municipality, and Bulavynske municipality. On 4 February 2016, the Verkhovna Rada renamed raion to Bakhmut Raion.
On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Donetsk Oblast was reduced to eight, of which only five were controlled by the government, and the area of Bakhmut Raion was significantly expanded. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was
Within Bakhmut Raion there are six cities (Bakhmut, Chasiv Yar, Siversk, Soledar, Svitlodarsk, and Vuhlehirsk), and eight urban-type settlements.
Settlements
Siversk or Seversk (; ; since 1913-1793 Yama) is a city of raion subordination located on with a population of 14,393. There are some industrial factories located within the raion, namely the brick factory Stroidetal. Siversk is a former sovhoz by the name of Yamskyi. It was founded in 1913 and received city status in 1961.
Luhanske (; since 1701–1922 Piatnadtsatia Rota) is an urban-type settlement (town) with a population of 2,604. Since 1772 the town has been populated by Moldovans and Romanians. To the town's administration also includes the adjacent villages of Krasnyi Pakhar, Krynychne, Lozove, Myronivka and Rozsadky as well as the rural settlements of Roty and Skeleve.
Demographics
As of the 2001 Ukrainian census:
Ethnicity
Ukrainians: 78.7%
Russians: 18.4%
Belarusians: 0.7%
Turks: 0.6%
Armenians: 0.2%
See also
Administrative divisions of Donetsk Oblast
References
External links
Verkhovna Rada website – Administrative divisions of the Artemivsk Raion
Raions of Donetsk Oblast
1923 establishments in Ukraine |
5394600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evilard | Evilard | Evilard/Leubringen is a bilingual municipality in the Biel/Bienne administrative district of the canton of Bern, Switzerland. The French name of the municipality is Evilard and the German name is Leubringen.
The municipality contains two separate settlements, called in French Evilard and Macolin, in German Leubringen and Magglingen, and a rural area called in French the Pré de Macolin.
History
The first appearance of the municipality in written documents was in 1300, under the name of Lomeringen. French speakers are recorded later as using the names Evillard or es Villard ("in the town"). A number of monasteries and the Bishopric of Basel held land in this area during the Middle Ages. However, judicially and militarily the town was subordinate to the city of Biel. From 1798 to 1815, Evilard belonged to France and was part of the Canton de Bienne in the département of Mont-Terrible, which was joined with Haut-Rhin in 1800. At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the town was returned to Switzerland and placed in the Canton of Bern. At first, Evilard was attached to the Oberamt Nidau; in 1832 it was placed in the Biel/Bienne district. At times, there has been debate over merging the administration with the city of Biel/Bienne; this was however rejected by the residents in 1902. Evilard is not an ecclesiastical parish. Until 1821 it was part of the church parish of Orvin, and since is combined with Biel/Bienne.
Geography
Evilard lies above sea level, and north of the district capital city, Biel/Bienne, as the crow flies. The town spans a southeast-facing clearing of the front of the Jura mountains, about over the city of Biel. In clear weather, the view from Evilard of the Swiss plateau and the Alps from Mont Blanc to the region of Glärnisch and Alpstein is quite impressive.
The municipality reaches to the height of the anticline of Montagen de Macolin. It includes the town of Evilard, which is surrounded by Malvaux (German: Malewagwald, up to altitude). To the southwest, the municipality reaches in a narrow strip over the Magglingen to the peak of the Magglingerberg, up to the municipal high point of .
It consists of the villages of Evilard and Macolin and the Pré de Macolin area. Macolin (German: Magglingen), lies at on the southeast slope of Magglingerberg. The neighboring municipalities are Biel/Bienne, Orvin, Lamboing, and Twann-Tüscherz.
Evilard has an area of . Of this area, or 29.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 39.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 29.1% is settled (buildings or roads).
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 19.6% and transportation infrastructure made up 4.6%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.1% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 3.8%. Out of the forested land, 38.6% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 6.5% is used for growing crops and 23.1% is pastures.
On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Biel, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Biel/Bienne.
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or a Bull's Head caboshed Sable.
Demographics
Evilard has a population () of . , 10.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 1.3%. Migration accounted for 2.4%, while births and deaths accounted for -1.2%.
Most of the population () speaks German (1,426 or 60.0%) as their first language, French is the second most common (811 or 34.1%) and Italian is the third (35 or 1.5%). There are 2 people who speak Romansh.
, the population was 48.7% male and 51.3% female. The population was made up of 1,028 Swiss men (43.4% of the population) and 126 (5.3%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,090 Swiss women (46.0%) and 12 (0.5%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 368 or about 15.5% were born in Evilard and lived there in 2000. There were 904 or 38.0% who were born in the same canton, while 661 or 27.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 375 or 15.8% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 21% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 55.3% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 23.7%.
, there were 852 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 1,251 married individuals, 161 widows or widowers and 112 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 294 households that consist of only one person and 68 households with five or more people. , a total of 967 apartments (90.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 70 apartments (6.5%) were seasonally occupied and 34 apartments (3.2%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 11.8 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.5%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the SPS which received 21.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (18.7%), the FDP (16.8%) and the BDP Party (11.9%). In the federal election, a total of 845 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 47.7%.
Economy
Evilard was dominated by agriculture until the beginning of the 20th century. Since about 1950, the town has built a large number of single-family homes for commuters working in Biel/Bienne. Macolin has developed into a resort location starting in about 1875, thanks to its sunny high altitude. Today the town has many tourist facilities, and includes the Swiss Federal Office of Sport (FOSPO), the Swiss federal government’s centre for expertise in sports.
, Evilard had an unemployment rate of 1.74%. , there were a total of 276 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 29 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 8 businesses involved in this sector. 23 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 9 businesses in this sector. 224 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 43 businesses in this sector.
there were a total of 197 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 20, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 22 of which 7 or (31.8%) were in manufacturing and 10 (45.5%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 155. In the tertiary sector; 25 or 16.1% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 20 or 12.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 13 or 8.4% were in a hotel or restaurant, 2 or 1.3% were in the information industry, 17 or 11.0% were technical professionals or scientists, 27 or 17.4% were in education and 35 or 22.6% were in health care.
, there were 339 workers who commuted into the municipality and 891 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.6 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 24% used public transportation to get to work, and 57.9% used a private car.
Religion
From the , 532 or 22.4% were Roman Catholic, while 1,219 or 51.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 15 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.63% of the population), there were 5 individuals (or about 0.21% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 166 individuals (or about 6.99% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 4 individuals (or about 0.17% of the population) who were Jewish, and 26 (or about 1.09% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 5 individuals who were Buddhist, 4 individuals who were Hindu and 3 individuals who belonged to another church. 388 (or about 16.33% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 90 individuals (or about 3.79% of the population) did not answer the question.
Education
In Evilard about 942 or (39.6%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 586 or (24.7%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 586 who completed tertiary schooling, 63.1% were Swiss men, 24.6% were Swiss women, 7.5% were non-Swiss men and 4.8% were non-Swiss women.
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2009-10 school year, there were a total of 241 students attending classes in Evilard. There were 2 kindergarten classes with a total of 36 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 8.3% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 13.9% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 4 primary classes and 89 students. Of the primary students, 2.2% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 4.5% have a different mother language than the classroom language.
, there were 11 students in Evilard who came from another municipality, while 206 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
Transport
Transport within the municipality is well-developed. It is linked with Biel/Bienne and Orvin by road. In 1898 the Bienne–Evilard Funicular between Biel/Bienne and Evilard was opened. Magglingen is also connected to Biel/Bienne by the Biel–Magglingen Funicular.
Personalities
Willy Burkhard (1900–1955), composer
Henri Dubuis (1906–2003), architect
Valérie Favre (born 1959), artist
References
External links
Eidgenössische Hochschule für Sport Magglingen
Municipalities of the canton of Bern |
5394605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A1jar | Alájar | Alájar is a town and municipality located in the province of Huelva, Spain. According to the 2005 census, the city has a population of 771 inhabitants. The song "Señorita" of the Bollywood movie Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara was shot in this town.
Alájar had 8 villages in the 19th century. Currently, only 4 villages are inhabited: El Calabacino, El Collado, El Cabezuelo and Los Madroñeros.
Demographics
Tourism
Benito Arias Montano retired to La Peña de Arias Montano after his work on the Polyglot Bible and participation in the Council of Trent. This community receives many visitors each year. Here the bust of the great humanist and theologian of the sixteenth century, engraved by Eugenio Hermoso on the occasion of his centenary in 1927, can be found.
In 2011 Bollywood drew attention to this small town with the film Sólo se vive una vez (You Only Live Once, Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara) from director Zoya Akhtar, the filming of the song "Señorita" from the film took place over three nights, which also featured locals dressed in costumes.
Main sights
Reina de los Ángeles Hermitage
San Marcos Church
St. Bartholomew Hermitage
Portada almohadillada
Espadaña y garitas
"Peña de Arias Montano" Natural Monument
"Peña de Arias Montano" Natural Monument
Monumento Natural Peña de Arias Montano or Peña de Alájar is a natural monument of great historical and landscape value. The famous humanist Benito Arias Montano lived here, and the area was renamed after him so that nowadays it goes by the name of "Peña de Arias Montano." It offers incredible views of Alájar and everything south of the province of Huelva. Below is a network of caves among which is Palacio Osucro, a cave which currently remains closed.
Reina de los Ángeles Hermitage
The Ermita de la Reina de los Ángeles (Reina de los Ángeles Hermitage) or Ermita de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles'' (Our lady of los Ángeles Hermitage) is located within la Peña de Alájar. This sixteenth-century chapel is a building consisting of heterogeneous aggregations to a small temple. It consists of a nave, priest and dressing room, in addition to a vestry, housing and enclosures. The nave, with strong deformations to the floor has two pointed transverse arches that spring from pillars.
Portada almohadillada
It is located in front of the Hermitage. It consists of two semi-columns and an arc in addition to the spill nose tongs and some bursts of buttress walls. It lacks historical reference, however it has very clear affiliations within Renaissance architecture.
Espadaña y garitas
Located at the edge of the plateau on which the Reina de los Ángeles Hermitage sits, in la Peña de Arias Montano is a picturesque steeple, accompanied by pilastered booth paths, circular and a penpal vault. The steeple has two levels: the bottom has a symmetrical composition with a base of six embedded semi-columns on each side framing a round arch, post-and-beam openings with square windows above and finally two massifs.
The columns on pedestals are independent and carry some terse chapiters. The upper floor is constituted by a parallelepipedal central bulk with a central oval window. Three bells and a picturesque bluff complete the work.
Gallery
References
External links
Alájar - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía
Municipalities in the Province of Huelva |
5394606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torupill | Torupill | The torupill () is a traditional bagpipe from Estonia.
Place in Estonian folk music
It is not clear when the bagpipe became established in Estonia.
The instrument was known throughout Estonia. The bagpipe tradition was longest preserved in West and North Estonia where folk music retained archaic characteristics for a longer time.
Later when the fiddle was taking over folk music a lot of bagpipe tunes were transcribed for it.
Very often the bagpipe was used for playing dance music; other instruments served this purpose only in the absence of the bagpipe. Some old ceremonial dances, such as the Round Dance (Voortants) and the Tail Dance (Sabatants) were performed together with a bagpiper who walked at the head of the column. Ceremonial music took an important place in the bagpipers' repertoires in the 17th century, as seen from the literary sources of that time. For instance, the presence of a bagpiper was considered essential during weddings, where he had to take part in certain ceremonies. There were special tunes, marches or riding melodies that were performed in the wedding procession, etc. The bagpiper was an indispensable participant in dances and social gatherings. He accompanied minstrels during Martinmas and Christmas. No pub could manage without a good musician.
One of the most popular players in history has been considered Juhan Maaker (1845–1930) at the time called the king of bagpipe players in Estonia. Another notable players include Juhan Maaker's nephew Aleksander Maaker (1890–1968). After his death there was only one surviving bagpipe player alive in Estonia: Olev Roomet who became the revivalist of bagpipe in the country by training 25 new players in the 1970s.
In modern times bagpipe playing is a part of the curriculum at University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy's Traditional Music faculty and in a number of regular music schools around the country.
Construction
The Estonian bagpipe has a bag, a mouth-pipe (blow-pipe) for inflating the bag, a melody-pipe (chanter) and 1 or 2, rarely 3, drones.
Bag
The bag ("tuulekott", "magu", "lõõts", "kott", etc.) was usually made of the stomach of a grey seal in the western and northern parts of Estonia and on the islands. Most valued were the stomachs of large old seals. The bag that was made of a seal's stomach, was not spoilt either by aridity or by humidity. A bagpiper of the Hiiu island is known to have said that if his bagpipe (made of a seal's stomach) became wet, it sounded richer because the seal is a sea animal.
The bags were also made of the stomach of an ox, cow, elk or dog, but sometimes they were sewn of the skin of a dog, cat, goat or seal (with the fur outward) or even of the skin of a Lynx.
In bag-making certain superstitions were observed. In South Estonia, for example, some thought that the more a dog howled when being hanged, the better the sound of the bagpipe later.
Blow pipe
The blow pipe ("puhumispulk", "naput", "naba", "puhknapp", "napp") was made of wood.
Chanter
The chanter ("sõrmiline", "putk", "esimik", etc.) was made of juniper, pine, ash or, more seldom, of a tube of cane. It had 5–6 holes. The chanter was single-reeded, generally with a parallel rather than conical bore.
The bottom end of the chanter sometimes had 1 – 2 holes in the side bored obliquely into the pipe, so that some straws or twigs could be put in to control the pitch.
The chanter was placed in an oval wooden stock ("kibu", "kloba", "torupakk", "käsilise pakk").
The stock-end of the chanter contained a reed ("piuk", "keel", "roog", "raag", "vile").
Drone
The drones ("passitoru", "pass", "kai", "tori", "pill", "pulk", "toro") were made of wooden pipes, different in shape and diameter.
The number of pipes determined their length. If there is only one, it is quite long, if two, they are both shorter. In some rare cases bagpipes with 3 drones could be found.
The drone consists of 2 – 3 separate joints. In the lower end there is a wooden bell. The joints can be pulled out in order to tune the drone. The drone is placed in an oval or round stock.
Repertoire
Although they can be quite long sometimes (with 3 passages or more), they remain simple in their structure.
The music for the bagpipe has much in common with the melodies of old Estonian so-called runic songs. A number of tunes, like the instrument itself, are of foreign origin. Supposedly they chiefly derive from Sweden. The Swedish influence is suggested by the texts of dance songs for the bagpipe, and the dances themselves also seem to come from Sweden.
From the English translation (by Kustas Tiivas ) of Igor Tõnurist's texts.
Notable players
Jaakko Lemmetty
Aleksander Maaker
Juhan Maaker
Lauri Õunapuu
Olev Roomet
Ants Taul
See also
Culture of Estonia
References
External links
Torupill.ee by hereditary pipemaker Andrus Taul
Estonian Bagpipe archive of Taul's earlier site
Bagpipes
Estonian musical instruments |
5394632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chithiram%20Pesuthadi | Chithiram Pesuthadi | Chithiram Pesuthadi () is a 2006 Indian Tamil-language romantic action drama film written and directed by Mysskin in his directorial debut. The film stars Narain and Bhavana, both making their debuts in Tamil cinema,. The film's score and soundtrack are composed by Sundar C Babu with cinematography by Mahesh Muthuswami and editing by M. Kasi Viswanathan. Produced by Dreambridge Productions on a budget of 1.20 crores, the film faced publicity issues but later released in Chennai and the rest of Tamil Nadu. The movie became a massive hit of that year.
The film was later remade to Telugu as Raju Bhai, in Kannada as Kichha Huchha and in Oriya as Abhimanyu.
Plot
Thirunavukarasu, aka Thiru (Narain), a fearless karate fighter, saves the son of a local don from being killed by members of a rival gang. In return, the don Annachi (Dhandapani) hires Thiru as his henchman. Thiru's mother (Sathyapriya) and younger sister dislike his association with the gang but have to live with his decision.
One day, Thiru stumbles upon Charumathi, aka Charu (Bhavana), a worker at an NGO who fights injustice. A quarrel ensues between them, and they grow to dislike each other. Nobody has spoken up to Thiru before, and he admires Charu's courage. Whenever they bump into one another, Charu berates Thiru for being a gangster. Ashamed, Thiru and a few of the gangsters try to turn over a new leaf by selling toys at a sidewalk.
Charu is impressed by Thiru's changed personality and decides to marry him. Her father (Raviprakash) gives her his blessings, though her uncle (Mahadevan) does not approve. However, her hopes are shattered after she witnessed a naked Thiru being clumped away in a police truck from a brothel after a raid. She gives up her plans of being with him and blames her father for not raising her well enough to make the right decision. Later that day, her father commits suicide. Charu blames Thiru for ruining her life and causing her father's death. Thiru and his friends return to Annachi.
Charu's uncle arranges for her to be married to his own relative. However, Annachi's son sees Charu during her engagement and falls in love with her. Annachi threatens Charu's uncle to surrender his niece to him. After learning that Thiru is part of Annachi's gang, Charu goes to confront him. Thiru's friends reveal that he was only at the brothel that day to save his friend's family, who lives there. Instead, he sees Charu's father there, who was in the company of prostitutes. In order to give time for Charu's father to flee the area, Thiru creates a distraction by attacking the police officers. They beat him up and tear him off his clothes while trying to arrest him. Charu realizes her mistake and asks Thiru's friends to take her to him.
Meanwhile, Thiru has devised his own plans in an attempt to thwart Annachi's plans and save Charu. He has arranged for his friends to bring Charu and her fiancé separately to the registrar's office to get them married. However, Annachi shows up and orders his men to attack Thiru. When Charu arrives at the scene, she is overwhelmed to see that Thiru has been stabbed and is fighting for his life. Only then does Annachi realize that she and Thiru are in love. He stops the attack and lets Thiru's friends rush him to the hospital. Thiru is saved, and Annachi agrees to let him go. He marries Charu, and they live happily ever after.
Cast
Narain as Thirunavukarasu
Bhavana as Charumathi
Dhandapani as Annachi
Delhi Ganesh as Prakash
Raviprakash as Charu's father
Mahadevan as Charu's uncle
Sathyapriya as Thiru's mother
Vasantha Narayan
Gana Ulaganathan
Malavika in a special appearance
Inspiration
Mysskin expressed at a book release that he himself got to realize that this movie is an accidental inspiration of Beauty and the Beast while the shooting was progressing. He questioned the critics why they failed to criticize about this accidental inspiration, whereas they criticized Nandalala, his other movie to be a copy of Kikujiro. He expressed this was irrelevant to the book release.
Soundtrack
The film's score and soundtrack were composed by Sundar C Babu, who made his debut in film scoring through this film. The album features 12 tracks overall, including four instrumental tracks. The lyrics were penned by Kabilan and director Mysskin himself, while Gana Ulaganathan had written and sung the song "Vazha Meenu", which is considered as having contributed immensely to the film's success.
Release
Released by Dreambride Productions on 10 February 2006, the film initially failed to attract an audience due to a low-profile release and a lack of publicity. It was removed from almost all theaters within two weeks after its release. SUN Networks helped promote the song Vaazha Meenu by repeated airings on its channels, making the song a cult hit. In the meantime, the movie generated a word of mouth publicity combined with excellent press reviews. Taking the cue, Dreambridge initiated the process to re-release in the Chennai area first. The re-release witnessed a tremendous opening which invoked the interest of Aascar Ravichandran, who distributed the film to the rest of Tamil Nadu. The re-release of the film was well received by the audience, which resulted in a stupendous hit.
Accolades
Sequel
A standalone sequel named Chithiram Pesuthadi 2 was released in 2019 by the same production company.
References
External links
2006 films
Tamil films remade in other languages
Films directed by Mysskin
2000s Tamil-language films
Indian action drama films
Films scored by Sundar C. Babu
2006 directorial debut films
2006 action drama films
2006 romantic drama films |
5394649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bound%20Stems | Bound Stems | Bound Stems was an indie rock band with math rock influences from Chicago, Illinois. The band's members were Robert Gallivan (vocals), Dan Fleury (guitar), Dan Radzicki (bass, keys), Evan Sult (drums, ex-Harvey Danger), and Janie Porche (multi-instrumentalist).
Band history
Fleury, Radzicki, and Gallivan met while attending high school in Lisle, IL. The three wrote and recorded music during these years and continued to do so during college. It wasn't until the September 2002 arrival of Harvey Danger alum Evan Sult, who answered a drummer-wanted ad, that Bound Stems officially formed. They began writing and performing around Chicago more frequently. Janie Porche completed her transition from friend, to roommate, to band member during the recording of their Logic EP in 2005.
The Logic of Building the Body Plan EP, released in 2005, is the first work that all five members wrote together from beginning to end. After extensive touring, writing, and recording the band completed and released Appreciation Night to warm reviews in 2006.
During the summer of 2007, Bound Stems played shows across the country, including the Lollapalooza festival in Chicago.
The group began recording their second full-length album for Flameshovel Records during the fall of 2007. The album, titled The Family Afloat, was released July 11, 2008 on vinyl and September 9, 2008 on CD.
After the release and tour supporting The Family Afloat the band separated. In March 2010 a new project Like Pioneers was announced which included Robert, Dan, Dan, and Janie of Bound Stems, with the addition of Jesse Woghin of The Narrator and Chicago multiinstrumentalist Darren Garvey. Drummer Evan Sult relocated to St Louis to continue the Sleepy Kitty project with partner Paige Brubeck.
Honors
Bound Stems were SPIN's Artist of the Day, December 2005.
Bound Stems were SPIN's Band of the Month, March 2006.
Bound Stems were the featured band on Daytrotter in September 2006.
Discography
Change Comes at 14 and a Half EP (2003)
Caught It on the Continent EP (2003)
Levity EP (2004)
The Logic of Building the Body Plan EP (2005) - Flameshovel Records
Appreciation Night LP (2006) - Flameshovel Records
The Family Afloat LP (2008) - Flameshovel Records
Notes and references
External links
Official site
Myspace site
Flameshovel Records
New York Times Article
Review of Appreciation Night
Interview with Centerstage Chicago (October 2006)
Indie rock musical groups from Illinois
Musical groups from Chicago
Flameshovel Records artists |
5394667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20M.%20Golder | Benjamin M. Golder | Benjamin Martin Golder (December 23, 1891 – December 30, 1946) was Republican member of the United States House of Representatives for Pennsylvania.
Biography
Benjamin Golder was born in Alliance, New Jersey (near Vineland, New Jersey). He moved with his parents to Philadelphia in 1893. He graduated from the law department of the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1913.
He enlisted in the Naval Aviation Service during World War I and was honorably discharged as ensign after the Armistice. He became a member of the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives, serving from 1916 to 1924.
He was elected in 1924 as a Republican to the 69th Congress. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1932 and for election in 1940. He resumed the practice of law in Philadelphia until the Second World War. He was commissioned a captain in the United States Army on February 5, 1943, and served until discharged as a lieutenant colonel on July 1, 1945.
In 1930, he married Peggy Mastbaum, daughter of Etta Wedell Mastbaum and Jules E. Mastbaum. Golder was the younger brother of historian Frank A. Golder (1877–1929), an academic expert on the history of Imperial Russia.
See also
List of Jewish members of the United States Congress
Footnotes
1891 births
1946 deaths
20th-century American politicians
United States Navy personnel of World War I
United States Army personnel of World War II
Members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Jewish members of the United States House of Representatives
People from Cumberland County, New Jersey
Politicians from Philadelphia
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania Law School alumni
Mastbaum family
United States Navy officers
United States Army colonels
20th-century American Jews
Military personnel from New Jersey |
5394668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost%20Patrol | Lost Patrol | The Lost Patrol or Lost Patrol may refer to:
Music
The Lost Patrol, a band from New York, or their self-title album
The Lost Patrol Band, earlier name of Swedish punk band Invasionen, or their self-titled album
"Lost Patrol", a song by Big Country on their album The Crossing
Films
Lost Patrol (1929 film), a silent war film
The Lost Patrol (1934 film), starring Victor McLaglen and Boris Karloff, remake of the 1929 film
Delta Force One: The Lost Patrol, a 1999 film
Other
Patrol (or Lost Patrol), a 1927 novel by Philip MacDonald which was adapted to the 1929 and 1934 films
Lost Patrol (video game), a video game for the Commodore Amiga, Atari ST and DOS
US Navy training Flight 19 which disappeared in December 1945
The Lost Patrol (Canada), a 1910 Royal North-West Mounted Police patrol led by Inspector Francis J. Fitzgerald, all members of which died
"The Lost Patrol", episode 37 of Exosquad
Lost Patrol, a board game briefly published by Games Workshop in 2000, with a second edition released in 2016 |
5394693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthodes | Acanthodes | Acanthodes (from , 'provided with spines') is an extinct genus of spiny shark. Fossils have been found in Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia. Acanthodes was most common in the Carboniferous and Early Permian. A few putative species ("Acanthoides dublinensis", Acanthodes guizhouensis) have been reported from Devonian strata, but their referral to the genus may not be valid.
Description
Compared with other spiny sharks, Acanthodes was relatively large, at long. The genus had no teeth, instead gills. Because of this, it is presumed to have been a filter feeder, filtering plankton from the water. The Acanthodes has been found to have only a couple of skull bones. It was covered in scales that were cubical in shape.
It also had fewer spines than many of its relatives. Each of the paired pectoral and pelvic fins had a spine, as did the single anal and dorsal fins, giving it a total of just six, less than half that of many other species. Due to its slender branchiostegals, singular dorsal fin, lack of fin spines, and its pelvic fin that is similar to pectoral fins, Acanthodes are considered to be part of the Acanthodidae subdivision of the Acanthodii. A fossil discovered near Hamilton, Kansas in the Upper Carboniferous Hamilton Formation, and published in 2014 as Acanthodes bridgei was so well-preserved that traces of its eye tissue were sufficient to establish that Acanthodes had both rod and cone photoreceptor cells, and thus profited from color vision.
Discovery
Several specimens of Acanthodes were recovered from an abandoned quarry (Hamilton Quarry) which contained individuals ranging in total length from 54 mm to 410 mm. A. bridgei was one of the species found there. A. bridgei has large orbits, a shorter pre-pectoral region, and shallower insertions of the fin spines.
Taxonomy
The scientific classification of acanthodians is still a subject of great dispute, due to the fact that they share qualities of both bony fish (osteichthyes) and cartilaginous fish (chondrichthyes). A recent study has suggested that Acanthodes may have been, or closely related to an early common ancestor to all cartilaginous and bony fish, including humans.
Acanthodian internal anatomy is primarily understood by Acanthodes bronni because it remains the only example preserved in substantial detail, central to which is an ostensible osteichthyan braincase. For this reason, Acanthodes has become an indispensable component in early gnathostome phylogenies. Acanthodes is quantifiably closer to chondrichthyans than to osteichthyans. However, phylogenetic analysis places Acanthodes on the osteichthyan stem, as part of a well-resolved tree that also recovers acanthodians as stem chondrichthyans and stem gnathostomes. As such, perceived chondrichthyan features of the Acanthodes cranium represent shared primitive conditions for crown group gnathostomes. There has been increasingly detailed findings of early gnathostome evolution highlights ongoing and profound anatomical reorganization of vertebrate crania after the origin of jaws but before the divergence of living clades.
As mentioned earlier, A. bronni is an acanthodian, a group of stem gnathostomes more derived than placoderms, but fairly close to the origins of chondrichthyans and osteichthyans. A. bronni lived about 290 million years ago during the Carboniferous period.
Researchers took 138 characteristics of various skulls of A. bronni and compared these with skulls of both chondrichthyans and osteichthyans, and determined that acanthodians are closer to cartilaginous fishes.
References
Parker, Steve. Dinosaurus: the complete guide to dinosaurs. Firefly Books Inc, 2003. Pg. 60
External links
entry at the Fossil Museum
entry at Saint Joseph's University
Acanthodii genera
Carboniferous acanthodians
Permian acanthodians
Paleozoic fish of North America
Paleozoic fish of Europe
Prehistoric fish of Australia
Taxa named by Louis Agassiz |
5394696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Zanussi | Ron Zanussi | Ronald Kenneth Zanussi (born August 31, 1956) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger who played five seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Minnesota North Stars and Toronto Maple Leafs between 1977 and 1982.
Playing career
Zanussi was born in Toronto, Ontario, and played minor hockey in West Hill. As a youth, he played in the 1969 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Dorset Park. He later played with the London Knights of the OHA. He was selected in the third round, 51st overall, by the Minnesota North Stars in the 1976 NHL Amateur Draft and in the eighth round, 87th overall by the Cleveland Crusaders in the 1976 WHA Amateur Draft. He played his first pro year with the Fort Wayne Komets of the International Hockey League (IHL) in 1976–77, scoring 53 goals and was named the co-winner of the IHL's Rookie of the Year award. He joined the North Stars the following season, playing the majority of the next four years in Minnesota before moving onto the Maple Leafs for two. Zanussi retired in 1984 having played 299 NHL games and scoring 52 goals.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
References
External links
1956 births
Living people
Canadian people of Italian descent
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Cincinnati Tigers players
Cleveland Crusaders draft picks
Fort Wayne Komets players
Fort Worth Texans players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
London Knights players
Minnesota North Stars draft picks
Minnesota North Stars players
Oklahoma City Stars players
St. Catharines Saints players
Sherbrooke Jets players
Sportspeople from Toronto
Toronto Maple Leafs players |
5394710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hordein | Hordein | Hordein is a prolamin glycoprotein, present in barley and some other cereals, together with gliadin and other glycoproteins (such as glutelins) coming under the general name of gluten. Horedeins are found in the endosperm where one of their functions is to act as a storage unit.
In comparison to other proteins, horedeins are less soluble when compared to proteins such as albumin and globulins.
In relation to amino acids, horedeins have a substantial amount of proline and glutamine but lack charged amino acids such as lysine.
Some people are sensitive to hordein due to disorders such as celiac disease or gluten intolerance.
Along with gliadin (the prolamin gluten found in wheat), hordein is present in many foods and also may be found in beer. Hordein is usually the main problem for coeliacs wishing to drink beer.
Coeliacs are able to find specialist breads that are low in hordein, gliadin and other problematic glycoproteins, just as they can find gluten free beer which either uses ingredients that do not contain gluten, or otherwise has the amounts of gliadin or hordein present controlled to stated limits.
References
Gluten
Seed storage proteins
Glycoproteins
de:Gliadin |
5394740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Librarians%20%28band%29 | The Librarians (band) | The Librarians were a power pop band from Berkeley, California who formed in 1999 by Damon Larson and Ryan Gan. They released one album, The Pathetic Aesthetic, in 2002, which received 4 out of 5 stars from Allmusic.
The group was famous mostly for their raucous live act:
But (Ryan) Gan, the anti-frontperson frontperson of the Librarians, isn't even fazed. Though on the record, Gan's job is limited to backup vocals and tambourine for vocalist-guitarist Damon Larson, he explodes into his full potential onstage with spastic tambourine beating and poster-worthy one-hand-on-the-hip-the-other-thrust-skyward poses. His performance is truly horrifying in its cheesiness, and yet it's unnervingly mesmerizing. It's a kind of innocence-lost scenario: everyone reaches the same guilty conclusion, "Christ, why don't more bands do this?"
Ryan Gan received his Master's in Library and Information Science in 2006 and is now employed as a librarian and professor in Torrance, California. Prior to this and the formation of the band, Gan played the euphonium at Magnolia High School in Anaheim, California between 1990 and 1994. Gan has since picked up the euphonium again and is playing in a community band. Since leaving the Librarians, Damon Larson has continued his musical career. His newest band, the Paranoids, is a fixture on the San Francisco music scene.
References
External links
Music Video for The Librarians song "You and this Bottle" on Youtube.com
AMG's entry for the band
"Storming the Stacks - When was last time you saw a Librarian shake his ass?" at Metroactive.com.
Musical groups established in 1999
1999 establishments in California |
5394762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forever%20Kingdom | Forever Kingdom | Forever Kingdom, known in Japan as , is an action role-playing game released for the PlayStation 2 by FromSoftware. It is the prequel to Evergrace.
Story
Forever Kingdom takes place directly before the events of Evergrace. Darius lived a somewhat sheltered life with his parents in the small village of Solta. Though not having any siblings, Darius was very close to his friend Sharline, whom he cared for like a sister. However, Darius' simple home life in Solta would come to a tragic end when assassins hired by the secluded village of Morea murdered Darius' parents for unknown reasons. In addition to facing the loss of his family, Sharline was nowhere to be found, leaving Darius with the conclusion that she was also killed.
Shortly after the tragedy, Darius sought refuge with his childhood friend, Ruyan, from the village of Seclue. Ruyan's father agreed to take Darius under his wing, as well as training him in swordplay so that he might one day take vengeance against his adversaries. As time passed, Darius and Ruyan tirelessly trained together, eventually forming "The Four Swordsmen of Solta" with two other mentionable warriors, Drumhort and Saris.
Once prepared for his journey, Darius left Seclue in search of some answers into his parents' murder, as well as the disappearance of Sharline. Ruyan, being close to Darius, also decided to come along in hopes of aiding Darius in realizing his revenge. Though they travelled far abroad the continent of Edinbury, Darius and Ruyan's efforts had proven daunting. Just when they were about to give up all hope, however, the two suddenly stumbled upon an unconscious girl, who later claimed to suffer from amnesia. She could only recall her name—Faeana. Having nowhere else to go, Faeana decided to tag along with Darius and Ruyan, hoping that she might recognize someone or something along their journey.
The Eve of Disaster
A year or so ago, as Darius and Ruyan were on their journey, a great 'cataclysm' had taken place, believed to be a war between Rieubane and another political power. The war generally affected much of Edinbury and its people, causing somewhat of a great depression. Though the political affairs of Rieubane—as well as the cause of the war—yet remain unknown, Faeana is believed to have some strange involvement in the Eve of Disaster. However, she herself cannot recall the events.
Solca, Darsul, and the Soul Bind
Along their travels, Darius and co. happen upon a mysterious girl named Solca. Before any acquaintances can be made, however, a dark wizard named Darsul and his clad guardian appear to abduct the girl, making quick work of Darius and his party. Before vanishing into thin-air with Solca, however, Darsul places a curse known as the 'Soul Bind' on Darius and his friends. It is later discovered that the 'Soul Bind' is a powerful spell which links the lifeforce of those afflicted, causing them to share the same experiences through a form of empathy. Baring this in mind, the three have no choice but to temporarily set aside their affairs and seek a cure, lest they otherwise perish together.
Characters
Darius -
A young swordsman from the village of Solta. His parents were murdered as a child, and his childhood friend Sharline was abducted, as well. He spent the rest of his childhood with his friend Ruyan, training to become one of "The Four Swordsmen of Solta."
He has somewhat of a reserve about him, which often intimidates others. However, Darius has a genuine heart, and ultimately wishes to help those in need of his abilities.
Ruyan -
A close childhood friend of Darius. Having much sympathy toward Darius' tragic past, Ruyan trains himself as a skilled swordsman so that he may fight by Darius' side and bring an end to the Eve of Disaster.
Ruyan is a very warm-hearted young man whose kind ethos prevents him from intently harming another. However, no cost—whether it be bloodshed or otherwise—is too great to achieve peace.
Faeana -
An amnesiac young girl who was discovered unconscious by Darius and Ruyan on their travels. Having felt a warm presence about them, she travels at their side, hoping that she might recognize something along the way, or perhaps otherwise recall her memory.
Darsul -
A rather shady wizard who has some interest in a girl named Solca. Upon running into Darius and his party, Darsul inflicts them with the Soul Bind, and abducts Sulca without much revealing much of his reasoning.
Drumhort -
A clad swordsman currently travelling with Darsul for unknown reasons. He also aids in the abduction of Solca.
Solca -
A mysterious young girl who was being pursued by Darsul and Drumhort. Before her abduction, Darius and co. had shortly run into Solca, causing Faeana to experience strange feelings. Perhaps she and Faeana have some connection, though details are yet unknown.
Karmyla -
A dark woman with a very gothic-appearance who later accompanies Darsul, aiding him with much great wisdom. However, her intentions with Darsul otherwise remain shadowed from Darius and his party.
Felk -
Currently leading the Solta army, Felk spends most of his time searching for his lost half-brother. He is usually accompanied by a swordsman named Saris.
Saris -
A nomadic mercenary foreign to Edinbury. He often accompanies Felk, serving as his right-hand man.
Gameplay
The Soul Bind
The Soul Bind is a curse placed on Darius and his party which causes them to share the same lifeforce. Thus, if a member of Darius' party is attacked, then they all endure damage. Consequently, healing one character also heals the other two, as well.
Generally, a 'Soul' gauge measures the overall lifeforce of the party, which is displayed at the bottom-left corner of the screen. When damage is taken by any of the three player-characters, the gauge decreases. If the gauge is completely depleted, then the entire party perishes simultaneously. While proving to be somewhat frustrating, the game features an option which allows Life Extracts (healing potions) to be used at the press of the button, removing some of the challenge of managing three characters who share one life gauge.
Character Growth
Rather than implementing a level-up system like most RPGs, Forever Kingdom utilizes character growth through equipment upgrading. Each item either raises or lowers attributes respectively, and may be tampered with at shops to increase this effectivity. Though very cost-heavy, character growth is seen to be more customizable with this method.
Battle Mechanics
Real-Time Combat: Forever Kingdom focuses on real-time combat environments between the player, two character allies controlled by AI, and real-time enemies. Since the player may only control one party member at any given time, the other two characters will engage enemies based on a strict AI script. Although, there is no way to customize this based on preference or character build. However, the player may switch between the three characters at any given time, allowing the computer to control the other.
Palmira Actions: Palmira actions are special skills associated with various equipment found in the game, each having its own set of Palmira. The available actions to a particular character are determined entirely by what that character is currently equipped with. Once the equipment is replaced with something else, the character's Palmira actions are replaced with new ones. Each character has a specific button associated with Palmira usage -- triangle, square and circle. The order may change depending on which character is currently under control of the player.
Combos: Forever Kingdom also implements a combo system, allowing the player to execute Palmira actions in large multitudes based on timing. When a Palmira action is used by one character, an icon will appear to indicate which button should be pressed to start the combo, though the icon will disappear shortly if the player does not react quickly enough. Once a combo is stringed, two or more characters will simultaneously bombard foes with their equipped actions, resulting in damage bonuses.
Reception
The game received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of 28 out of 40.
References
External links
Forever Kingdom at Agetec
Forever Kingdom at From Software
Role-playing video games
Action role-playing video games
FromSoftware games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 2-only games
Video game prequels
2001 video games
Video games about amnesia
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Kota Hoshino |