Презентація на тему «The development of modern English»

content: The development of modern EnglishIndo-European:GermanicWest GermanicAnglo–FrisianAnglicEnglish

content: The development of modern English language can be divided to:Old English period (V-X A.C.)Middle English period (X-XIV A.C.)Early Modern English period (>XV A.C.)Modern English period (nowdays)

content: Old English period (V-X A.C.)Celts (native)Anglo-saxons (invaded in V A.C.)Romans (0 -V A.C.)Vikings (invaded in IX-XI)Celticfrench-frisianlingua latinaold swedish+cults( cromlech, coronach )+wars (javelin, pibroch)+animals(hog)+clan, tory, plaid, whisky, etcThe basis of English+territories (Lincoln,Devon-port, Lancaster)+foods/clothes (butter,cheese,piar)+religious (bishop, apostle, cloister )+buildings (wall, street), etc+grammars (they, same, both)+vernaculars (ill, take, ugly), etc

content: Middle English period (X-XV A.C.)Normans (X –XV A.C.)norman-french+reigns (reign, government, crown, state)+nobles (duke, peer)+military (army, peace, battle, soldier, general, enemy)+judgments (judge, crime, court)+religious (service, punish)+meals (beef, pork, mutton, veal)Middle English period (X-XV A.C.)Middle English period (X-XIV A.C.)

content: Great Vowel Shift (XIV-XVIII A.C.)  /a:/ →[æː] →[ɛː], [eː] → [eɪ] (make)/ɛː/ →[eː] →[iː]/ [eɪ] (beak/break)/eː/ →[iː] (feet)/iː/ →[ɪi] →[əɪ] →[aɪ] (mice)/ɔː/ →[oː] →[oʊ]/[əʊ] (boat) /oː/ →[uː]  (boot)/uː/ →[uʊ] →[əʊ] →[aʊ] (mouse)Middle English period (X-XV A.C.)

content: Early Modern English period (>XV A.C.)With the development of typing there had started the fixation of rules of normal and official English;phonetics and spoken language continued changing.

content: Different ethnical structure generated lots of dialects: Cockney (London)Scouse (Liverpool )West CountryEast EnglandBirminghamCornwallCumberlandDevonshire DorsetNorthfolkSomersetSussexWestmorlandNorth WiltshireYorkshireNorthumberlanLancashireEnglandLowland ScottishBelfast South WalesYola Scotland, Ireland and Wales

content: Lallans Scots (Lowland Scots)Regions: Scotland,Northern IrelandStrength: 1,5 000 000Foundation: XIV-XVI A.C.Has lots of smaller dialects. Mainly on country territories, north and island.no diphthongizes (gate = [ge:t] )-not = -nae (dinnae = don't)-y = [e] (city = [cite])precise [r] (in “car”, “curve” etc)“I'm not” = “I amn't”“Wasn't” = “Mur-nie”“Why not?” = “How not?”“I'm going to…” = “I'm away to…”“I think that” = “I fear “yes = aye, know = ken, that = yon, girl = lassie, England = Down South, church= kirk, food = scran, crazy = radge, drunken = blutered etc.

content: Cockney (London worker's slang)Regions: LondonStrenght: n/aFoundation: XIV-XIX A.C.Was formed in London in lower social classes of different ethnos, mainly – workers. Now it means derisive nickname of lower or middle class's London citizen.skipping [h] («not half» = «not 'alf»)skipping last [t] (fight = [ʃaɪ] )«isn't», «am not» =«ain't» [θ] = [f] («thousand» = «faas'nd»)[ð] = [v] (“brother» =  «brover»)[aʊ] = [æː] (down =  [dæːn])[t] = [ʔ] ( bottle = bo''le) [r] =[ʋ] (really = “weally”)Rhythm slangs:Daisy roots =  boots, Adam and Eve  =  believe, Penelope cruz =  booze, Lemon squeezy  =  easy etc