Program: CWE-362
Project: CVE-2012-3511
Buggy source:
/*
 *	linux/mm/madvise.c
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1999  Linus Torvalds
 * Copyright (C) 2002  Christoph Hellwig
 */

#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
#include <linux/page-isolation.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/falloc.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/ksm.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>

/*
 * Any behaviour which results in changes to the vma->vm_flags needs to
 * take mmap_sem for writing. Others, which simply traverse vmas, need
 * to only take it for reading.
 */
static int madvise_need_mmap_write(int behavior)
{
	switch (behavior) {
	case MADV_REMOVE:
	case MADV_WILLNEED:
	case MADV_DONTNEED:
		return 0;
	default:
		/* be safe, default to 1. list exceptions explicitly */
		return 1;
	}
}

/*
 * We can potentially split a vm area into separate
 * areas, each area with its own behavior.
 */
static long madvise_behavior(struct vm_area_struct * vma,
		     struct vm_area_struct **prev,
		     unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int behavior)
{
	struct mm_struct * mm = vma->vm_mm;
	int error = 0;
	pgoff_t pgoff;
	unsigned long new_flags = vma->vm_flags;

	switch (behavior) {
	case MADV_NORMAL:
		new_flags = new_flags & ~VM_RAND_READ & ~VM_SEQ_READ;
		break;
	case MADV_SEQUENTIAL:
		new_flags = (new_flags & ~VM_RAND_READ) | VM_SEQ_READ;
		break;
	case MADV_RANDOM:
		new_flags = (new_flags & ~VM_SEQ_READ) | VM_RAND_READ;
		break;
	case MADV_DONTFORK:
		new_flags |= VM_DONTCOPY;
		break;
	case MADV_DOFORK:
		if (vma->vm_flags & VM_IO) {
			error = -EINVAL;
			goto out;
		}
		new_flags &= ~VM_DONTCOPY;
		break;
	case MADV_DONTDUMP:
		new_flags |= VM_NODUMP;
		break;
	case MADV_DODUMP:
		new_flags &= ~VM_NODUMP;
		break;
	case MADV_MERGEABLE:
	case MADV_UNMERGEABLE:
		error = ksm_madvise(vma, start, end, behavior, &new_flags);
		if (error)
			goto out;
		break;
	case MADV_HUGEPAGE:
	case MADV_NOHUGEPAGE:
		error = hugepage_madvise(vma, &new_flags, behavior);
		if (error)
			goto out;
		break;
	}

	if (new_flags == vma->vm_flags) {
		*prev = vma;
		goto out;
	}

	pgoff = vma->vm_pgoff + ((start - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
	*prev = vma_merge(mm, *prev, start, end, new_flags, vma->anon_vma,
				vma->vm_file, pgoff, vma_policy(vma));
	if (*prev) {
		vma = *prev;
		goto success;
	}

	*prev = vma;

	if (start != vma->vm_start) {
		error = split_vma(mm, vma, start, 1);
		if (error)
			goto out;
	}

	if (end != vma->vm_end) {
		error = split_vma(mm, vma, end, 0);
		if (error)
			goto out;
	}

success:
	/*
	 * vm_flags is protected by the mmap_sem held in write mode.
	 */
	vma->vm_flags = new_flags;

out:
	if (error == -ENOMEM)
		error = -EAGAIN;
	return error;
}

/*
 * Schedule all required I/O operations.  Do not wait for completion.
 */
static long madvise_willneed(struct vm_area_struct * vma,
			     struct vm_area_struct ** prev,
			     unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
	struct file *file = vma->vm_file;

	if (!file)
		return -EBADF;

	if (file->f_mapping->a_ops->get_xip_mem) {
		/* no bad return value, but ignore advice */
		return 0;
	}

	*prev = vma;
	start = ((start - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT) + vma->vm_pgoff;
	if (end > vma->vm_end)
		end = vma->vm_end;
	end = ((end - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT) + vma->vm_pgoff;

	force_page_cache_readahead(file->f_mapping, file, start, end - start);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Application no longer needs these pages.  If the pages are dirty,
 * it's OK to just throw them away.  The app will be more careful about
 * data it wants to keep.  Be sure to free swap resources too.  The
 * zap_page_range call sets things up for shrink_active_list to actually free
 * these pages later if no one else has touched them in the meantime,
 * although we could add these pages to a global reuse list for
 * shrink_active_list to pick up before reclaiming other pages.
 *
 * NB: This interface discards data rather than pushes it out to swap,
 * as some implementations do.  This has performance implications for
 * applications like large transactional databases which want to discard
 * pages in anonymous maps after committing to backing store the data
 * that was kept in them.  There is no reason to write this data out to
 * the swap area if the application is discarding it.
 *
 * An interface that causes the system to free clean pages and flush
 * dirty pages is already available as msync(MS_INVALIDATE).
 */
static long madvise_dontneed(struct vm_area_struct * vma,
			     struct vm_area_struct ** prev,
			     unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
	*prev = vma;
	if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_LOCKED|VM_HUGETLB|VM_PFNMAP))
		return -EINVAL;

	if (unlikely(vma->vm_flags & VM_NONLINEAR)) {
		struct zap_details details = {
			.nonlinear_vma = vma,
			.last_index = ULONG_MAX,
		};
		zap_page_range(vma, start, end - start, &details);
	} else
		zap_page_range(vma, start, end - start, NULL);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Application wants to free up the pages and associated backing store.
 * This is effectively punching a hole into the middle of a file.
 *
 * NOTE: Currently, only shmfs/tmpfs is supported for this operation.
 * Other filesystems return -ENOSYS.
 */
static long madvise_remove(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
				struct vm_area_struct **prev,
				unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
	loff_t offset;
	int error;

	*prev = NULL;	/* tell sys_madvise we drop mmap_sem */

	if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_LOCKED|VM_NONLINEAR|VM_HUGETLB))
		return -EINVAL;

	if (!vma->vm_file || !vma->vm_file->f_mapping
		|| !vma->vm_file->f_mapping->host) {
			return -EINVAL;
	}

	if ((vma->vm_flags & (VM_SHARED|VM_WRITE)) != (VM_SHARED|VM_WRITE))
		return -EACCES;

	offset = (loff_t)(start - vma->vm_start)
			+ ((loff_t)vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT);

	/* filesystem's fallocate may need to take i_mutex */
	up_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
	error = do_fallocate(vma->vm_file,
				FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE,
				offset, end - start);
	down_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
	return error;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE
/*
 * Error injection support for memory error handling.
 */
static int madvise_hwpoison(int bhv, unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
	int ret = 0;

	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
		return -EPERM;
	for (; start < end; start += PAGE_SIZE) {
		struct page *p;
		int ret = get_user_pages_fast(start, 1, 0, &p);
		if (ret != 1)
			return ret;
		if (bhv == MADV_SOFT_OFFLINE) {
			printk(KERN_INFO "Soft offlining page %lx at %lx\n",
				page_to_pfn(p), start);
			ret = soft_offline_page(p, MF_COUNT_INCREASED);
			if (ret)
				break;
			continue;
		}
		printk(KERN_INFO "Injecting memory failure for page %lx at %lx\n",
		       page_to_pfn(p), start);
		/* Ignore return value for now */
		memory_failure(page_to_pfn(p), 0, MF_COUNT_INCREASED);
	}
	return ret;
}
#endif

static long
madvise_vma(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_area_struct **prev,
		unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int behavior)
{
	switch (behavior) {
	case MADV_REMOVE:
		return madvise_remove(vma, prev, start, end);
	case MADV_WILLNEED:
		return madvise_willneed(vma, prev, start, end);
	case MADV_DONTNEED:
		return madvise_dontneed(vma, prev, start, end);
	default:
		return madvise_behavior(vma, prev, start, end, behavior);
	}
}

static int
madvise_behavior_valid(int behavior)
{
	switch (behavior) {
	case MADV_DOFORK:
	case MADV_DONTFORK:
	case MADV_NORMAL:
	case MADV_SEQUENTIAL:
	case MADV_RANDOM:
	case MADV_REMOVE:
	case MADV_WILLNEED:
	case MADV_DONTNEED:
#ifdef CONFIG_KSM
	case MADV_MERGEABLE:
	case MADV_UNMERGEABLE:
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
	case MADV_HUGEPAGE:
	case MADV_NOHUGEPAGE:
#endif
	case MADV_DONTDUMP:
	case MADV_DODUMP:
		return 1;

	default:
		return 0;
	}
}

/*
 * The madvise(2) system call.
 *
 * Applications can use madvise() to advise the kernel how it should
 * handle paging I/O in this VM area.  The idea is to help the kernel
 * use appropriate read-ahead and caching techniques.  The information
 * provided is advisory only, and can be safely disregarded by the
 * kernel without affecting the correct operation of the application.
 *
 * behavior values:
 *  MADV_NORMAL - the default behavior is to read clusters.  This
 *		results in some read-ahead and read-behind.
 *  MADV_RANDOM - the system should read the minimum amount of data
 *		on any access, since it is unlikely that the appli-
 *		cation will need more than what it asks for.
 *  MADV_SEQUENTIAL - pages in the given range will probably be accessed
 *		once, so they can be aggressively read ahead, and
 *		can be freed soon after they are accessed.
 *  MADV_WILLNEED - the application is notifying the system to read
 *		some pages ahead.
 *  MADV_DONTNEED - the application is finished with the given range,
 *		so the kernel can free resources associated with it.
 *  MADV_REMOVE - the application wants to free up the given range of
 *		pages and associated backing store.
 *  MADV_DONTFORK - omit this area from child's address space when forking:
 *		typically, to avoid COWing pages pinned by get_user_pages().
 *  MADV_DOFORK - cancel MADV_DONTFORK: no longer omit this area when forking.
 *  MADV_MERGEABLE - the application recommends that KSM try to merge pages in
 *		this area with pages of identical content from other such areas.
 *  MADV_UNMERGEABLE- cancel MADV_MERGEABLE: no longer merge pages with others.
 *
 * return values:
 *  zero    - success
 *  -EINVAL - start + len < 0, start is not page-aligned,
 *		"behavior" is not a valid value, or application
 *		is attempting to release locked or shared pages.
 *  -ENOMEM - addresses in the specified range are not currently
 *		mapped, or are outside the AS of the process.
 *  -EIO    - an I/O error occurred while paging in data.
 *  -EBADF  - map exists, but area maps something that isn't a file.
 *  -EAGAIN - a kernel resource was temporarily unavailable.
 */
SYSCALL_DEFINE3(madvise, unsigned long, start, size_t, len_in, int, behavior)
{
	unsigned long end, tmp;
	struct vm_area_struct * vma, *prev;
	int unmapped_error = 0;
	int error = -EINVAL;
	int write;
	size_t len;

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE
	if (behavior == MADV_HWPOISON || behavior == MADV_SOFT_OFFLINE)
		return madvise_hwpoison(behavior, start, start+len_in);
#endif
	if (!madvise_behavior_valid(behavior))
		return error;

	write = madvise_need_mmap_write(behavior);
	if (write)
		down_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
	else
		down_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);

	if (start & ~PAGE_MASK)
		goto out;
	len = (len_in + ~PAGE_MASK) & PAGE_MASK;

	/* Check to see whether len was rounded up from small -ve to zero */
	if (len_in && !len)
		goto out;

	end = start + len;
	if (end < start)
		goto out;

	error = 0;
	if (end == start)
		goto out;

	/*
	 * If the interval [start,end) covers some unmapped address
	 * ranges, just ignore them, but return -ENOMEM at the end.
	 * - different from the way of handling in mlock etc.
	 */
	vma = find_vma_prev(current->mm, start, &prev);
	if (vma && start > vma->vm_start)
		prev = vma;

	for (;;) {
		/* Still start < end. */
		error = -ENOMEM;
		if (!vma)
			goto out;

		/* Here start < (end|vma->vm_end). */
		if (start < vma->vm_start) {
			unmapped_error = -ENOMEM;
			start = vma->vm_start;
			if (start >= end)
				goto out;
		}

		/* Here vma->vm_start <= start < (end|vma->vm_end) */
		tmp = vma->vm_end;
		if (end < tmp)
			tmp = end;

		/* Here vma->vm_start <= start < tmp <= (end|vma->vm_end). */
		error = madvise_vma(vma, &prev, start, tmp, behavior);
		if (error)
			goto out;
		start = tmp;
		if (prev && start < prev->vm_end)
			start = prev->vm_end;
		error = unmapped_error;
		if (start >= end)
			goto out;
		if (prev)
			vma = prev->vm_next;
		else	/* madvise_remove dropped mmap_sem */
			vma = find_vma(current->mm, start);
	}
out:
	if (write)
		up_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
	else
		up_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);

	return error;
}


Fixed version (ground truth):
/*
 *	linux/mm/madvise.c
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1999  Linus Torvalds
 * Copyright (C) 2002  Christoph Hellwig
 */

#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
#include <linux/page-isolation.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/falloc.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/ksm.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/file.h>

/*
 * Any behaviour which results in changes to the vma->vm_flags needs to
 * take mmap_sem for writing. Others, which simply traverse vmas, need
 * to only take it for reading.
 */
static int madvise_need_mmap_write(int behavior)
{
	switch (behavior) {
	case MADV_REMOVE:
	case MADV_WILLNEED:
	case MADV_DONTNEED:
		return 0;
	default:
		/* be safe, default to 1. list exceptions explicitly */
		return 1;
	}
}

/*
 * We can potentially split a vm area into separate
 * areas, each area with its own behavior.
 */
static long madvise_behavior(struct vm_area_struct * vma,
		     struct vm_area_struct **prev,
		     unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int behavior)
{
	struct mm_struct * mm = vma->vm_mm;
	int error = 0;
	pgoff_t pgoff;
	unsigned long new_flags = vma->vm_flags;

	switch (behavior) {
	case MADV_NORMAL:
		new_flags = new_flags & ~VM_RAND_READ & ~VM_SEQ_READ;
		break;
	case MADV_SEQUENTIAL:
		new_flags = (new_flags & ~VM_RAND_READ) | VM_SEQ_READ;
		break;
	case MADV_RANDOM:
		new_flags = (new_flags & ~VM_SEQ_READ) | VM_RAND_READ;
		break;
	case MADV_DONTFORK:
		new_flags |= VM_DONTCOPY;
		break;
	case MADV_DOFORK:
		if (vma->vm_flags & VM_IO) {
			error = -EINVAL;
			goto out;
		}
		new_flags &= ~VM_DONTCOPY;
		break;
	case MADV_DONTDUMP:
		new_flags |= VM_NODUMP;
		break;
	case MADV_DODUMP:
		new_flags &= ~VM_NODUMP;
		break;
	case MADV_MERGEABLE:
	case MADV_UNMERGEABLE:
		error = ksm_madvise(vma, start, end, behavior, &new_flags);
		if (error)
			goto out;
		break;
	case MADV_HUGEPAGE:
	case MADV_NOHUGEPAGE:
		error = hugepage_madvise(vma, &new_flags, behavior);
		if (error)
			goto out;
		break;
	}

	if (new_flags == vma->vm_flags) {
		*prev = vma;
		goto out;
	}

	pgoff = vma->vm_pgoff + ((start - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
	*prev = vma_merge(mm, *prev, start, end, new_flags, vma->anon_vma,
				vma->vm_file, pgoff, vma_policy(vma));
	if (*prev) {
		vma = *prev;
		goto success;
	}

	*prev = vma;

	if (start != vma->vm_start) {
		error = split_vma(mm, vma, start, 1);
		if (error)
			goto out;
	}

	if (end != vma->vm_end) {
		error = split_vma(mm, vma, end, 0);
		if (error)
			goto out;
	}

success:
	/*
	 * vm_flags is protected by the mmap_sem held in write mode.
	 */
	vma->vm_flags = new_flags;

out:
	if (error == -ENOMEM)
		error = -EAGAIN;
	return error;
}

/*
 * Schedule all required I/O operations.  Do not wait for completion.
 */
static long madvise_willneed(struct vm_area_struct * vma,
			     struct vm_area_struct ** prev,
			     unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
	struct file *file = vma->vm_file;

	if (!file)
		return -EBADF;

	if (file->f_mapping->a_ops->get_xip_mem) {
		/* no bad return value, but ignore advice */
		return 0;
	}

	*prev = vma;
	start = ((start - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT) + vma->vm_pgoff;
	if (end > vma->vm_end)
		end = vma->vm_end;
	end = ((end - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT) + vma->vm_pgoff;

	force_page_cache_readahead(file->f_mapping, file, start, end - start);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Application no longer needs these pages.  If the pages are dirty,
 * it's OK to just throw them away.  The app will be more careful about
 * data it wants to keep.  Be sure to free swap resources too.  The
 * zap_page_range call sets things up for shrink_active_list to actually free
 * these pages later if no one else has touched them in the meantime,
 * although we could add these pages to a global reuse list for
 * shrink_active_list to pick up before reclaiming other pages.
 *
 * NB: This interface discards data rather than pushes it out to swap,
 * as some implementations do.  This has performance implications for
 * applications like large transactional databases which want to discard
 * pages in anonymous maps after committing to backing store the data
 * that was kept in them.  There is no reason to write this data out to
 * the swap area if the application is discarding it.
 *
 * An interface that causes the system to free clean pages and flush
 * dirty pages is already available as msync(MS_INVALIDATE).
 */
static long madvise_dontneed(struct vm_area_struct * vma,
			     struct vm_area_struct ** prev,
			     unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
	*prev = vma;
	if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_LOCKED|VM_HUGETLB|VM_PFNMAP))
		return -EINVAL;

	if (unlikely(vma->vm_flags & VM_NONLINEAR)) {
		struct zap_details details = {
			.nonlinear_vma = vma,
			.last_index = ULONG_MAX,
		};
		zap_page_range(vma, start, end - start, &details);
	} else
		zap_page_range(vma, start, end - start, NULL);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Application wants to free up the pages and associated backing store.
 * This is effectively punching a hole into the middle of a file.
 *
 * NOTE: Currently, only shmfs/tmpfs is supported for this operation.
 * Other filesystems return -ENOSYS.
 */
static long madvise_remove(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
				struct vm_area_struct **prev,
				unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
	loff_t offset;
	int error;
	struct file *f;

	*prev = NULL;	/* tell sys_madvise we drop mmap_sem */

	if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_LOCKED|VM_NONLINEAR|VM_HUGETLB))
		return -EINVAL;

	f = vma->vm_file;

	if (!f || !f->f_mapping || !f->f_mapping->host) {
			return -EINVAL;
	}

	if ((vma->vm_flags & (VM_SHARED|VM_WRITE)) != (VM_SHARED|VM_WRITE))
		return -EACCES;

	offset = (loff_t)(start - vma->vm_start)
			+ ((loff_t)vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT);

	/*
	 * Filesystem's fallocate may need to take i_mutex.  We need to
	 * explicitly grab a reference because the vma (and hence the
	 * vma's reference to the file) can go away as soon as we drop
	 * mmap_sem.
	 */
	get_file(f);
	up_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
	error = do_fallocate(f,
				FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE,
				offset, end - start);
	fput(f);
	down_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
	return error;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE
/*
 * Error injection support for memory error handling.
 */
static int madvise_hwpoison(int bhv, unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
	int ret = 0;

	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
		return -EPERM;
	for (; start < end; start += PAGE_SIZE) {
		struct page *p;
		int ret = get_user_pages_fast(start, 1, 0, &p);
		if (ret != 1)
			return ret;
		if (bhv == MADV_SOFT_OFFLINE) {
			printk(KERN_INFO "Soft offlining page %lx at %lx\n",
				page_to_pfn(p), start);
			ret = soft_offline_page(p, MF_COUNT_INCREASED);
			if (ret)
				break;
			continue;
		}
		printk(KERN_INFO "Injecting memory failure for page %lx at %lx\n",
		       page_to_pfn(p), start);
		/* Ignore return value for now */
		memory_failure(page_to_pfn(p), 0, MF_COUNT_INCREASED);
	}
	return ret;
}
#endif

static long
madvise_vma(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_area_struct **prev,
		unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int behavior)
{
	switch (behavior) {
	case MADV_REMOVE:
		return madvise_remove(vma, prev, start, end);
	case MADV_WILLNEED:
		return madvise_willneed(vma, prev, start, end);
	case MADV_DONTNEED:
		return madvise_dontneed(vma, prev, start, end);
	default:
		return madvise_behavior(vma, prev, start, end, behavior);
	}
}

static int
madvise_behavior_valid(int behavior)
{
	switch (behavior) {
	case MADV_DOFORK:
	case MADV_DONTFORK:
	case MADV_NORMAL:
	case MADV_SEQUENTIAL:
	case MADV_RANDOM:
	case MADV_REMOVE:
	case MADV_WILLNEED:
	case MADV_DONTNEED:
#ifdef CONFIG_KSM
	case MADV_MERGEABLE:
	case MADV_UNMERGEABLE:
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
	case MADV_HUGEPAGE:
	case MADV_NOHUGEPAGE:
#endif
	case MADV_DONTDUMP:
	case MADV_DODUMP:
		return 1;

	default:
		return 0;
	}
}

/*
 * The madvise(2) system call.
 *
 * Applications can use madvise() to advise the kernel how it should
 * handle paging I/O in this VM area.  The idea is to help the kernel
 * use appropriate read-ahead and caching techniques.  The information
 * provided is advisory only, and can be safely disregarded by the
 * kernel without affecting the correct operation of the application.
 *
 * behavior values:
 *  MADV_NORMAL - the default behavior is to read clusters.  This
 *		results in some read-ahead and read-behind.
 *  MADV_RANDOM - the system should read the minimum amount of data
 *		on any access, since it is unlikely that the appli-
 *		cation will need more than what it asks for.
 *  MADV_SEQUENTIAL - pages in the given range will probably be accessed
 *		once, so they can be aggressively read ahead, and
 *		can be freed soon after they are accessed.
 *  MADV_WILLNEED - the application is notifying the system to read
 *		some pages ahead.
 *  MADV_DONTNEED - the application is finished with the given range,
 *		so the kernel can free resources associated with it.
 *  MADV_REMOVE - the application wants to free up the given range of
 *		pages and associated backing store.
 *  MADV_DONTFORK - omit this area from child's address space when forking:
 *		typically, to avoid COWing pages pinned by get_user_pages().
 *  MADV_DOFORK - cancel MADV_DONTFORK: no longer omit this area when forking.
 *  MADV_MERGEABLE - the application recommends that KSM try to merge pages in
 *		this area with pages of identical content from other such areas.
 *  MADV_UNMERGEABLE- cancel MADV_MERGEABLE: no longer merge pages with others.
 *
 * return values:
 *  zero    - success
 *  -EINVAL - start + len < 0, start is not page-aligned,
 *		"behavior" is not a valid value, or application
 *		is attempting to release locked or shared pages.
 *  -ENOMEM - addresses in the specified range are not currently
 *		mapped, or are outside the AS of the process.
 *  -EIO    - an I/O error occurred while paging in data.
 *  -EBADF  - map exists, but area maps something that isn't a file.
 *  -EAGAIN - a kernel resource was temporarily unavailable.
 */
SYSCALL_DEFINE3(madvise, unsigned long, start, size_t, len_in, int, behavior)
{
	unsigned long end, tmp;
	struct vm_area_struct * vma, *prev;
	int unmapped_error = 0;
	int error = -EINVAL;
	int write;
	size_t len;

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE
	if (behavior == MADV_HWPOISON || behavior == MADV_SOFT_OFFLINE)
		return madvise_hwpoison(behavior, start, start+len_in);
#endif
	if (!madvise_behavior_valid(behavior))
		return error;

	write = madvise_need_mmap_write(behavior);
	if (write)
		down_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
	else
		down_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);

	if (start & ~PAGE_MASK)
		goto out;
	len = (len_in + ~PAGE_MASK) & PAGE_MASK;

	/* Check to see whether len was rounded up from small -ve to zero */
	if (len_in && !len)
		goto out;

	end = start + len;
	if (end < start)
		goto out;

	error = 0;
	if (end == start)
		goto out;

	/*
	 * If the interval [start,end) covers some unmapped address
	 * ranges, just ignore them, but return -ENOMEM at the end.
	 * - different from the way of handling in mlock etc.
	 */
	vma = find_vma_prev(current->mm, start, &prev);
	if (vma && start > vma->vm_start)
		prev = vma;

	for (;;) {
		/* Still start < end. */
		error = -ENOMEM;
		if (!vma)
			goto out;

		/* Here start < (end|vma->vm_end). */
		if (start < vma->vm_start) {
			unmapped_error = -ENOMEM;
			start = vma->vm_start;
			if (start >= end)
				goto out;
		}

		/* Here vma->vm_start <= start < (end|vma->vm_end) */
		tmp = vma->vm_end;
		if (end < tmp)
			tmp = end;

		/* Here vma->vm_start <= start < tmp <= (end|vma->vm_end). */
		error = madvise_vma(vma, &prev, start, tmp, behavior);
		if (error)
			goto out;
		start = tmp;
		if (prev && start < prev->vm_end)
			start = prev->vm_end;
		error = unmapped_error;
		if (start >= end)
			goto out;
		if (prev)
			vma = prev->vm_next;
		else	/* madvise_remove dropped mmap_sem */
			vma = find_vma(current->mm, start);
	}
out:
	if (write)
		up_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
	else
		up_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);

	return error;
}