Program: CWE-119
Project: CVE-2019-1010305
Buggy source:
/* This file is part of libmspack.
 * (C) 2003-2018 Stuart Caie.
 *
 * libmspack is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) version 2.1
 *
 * For further details, see the file COPYING.LIB distributed with libmspack
 */

/* CHM decompression implementation */

#include <system.h>
#include <chm.h>

/* prototypes */
static struct mschmd_header * chmd_open(
  struct mschm_decompressor *base, const char *filename);
static struct mschmd_header * chmd_fast_open(
  struct mschm_decompressor *base, const char *filename);
static struct mschmd_header *chmd_real_open(
  struct mschm_decompressor *base, const char *filename, int entire);
static void chmd_close(
  struct mschm_decompressor *base, struct mschmd_header *chm);
static int chmd_read_headers(
  struct mspack_system *sys, struct mspack_file *fh,
  struct mschmd_header *chm, int entire);
static int chmd_fast_find(
  struct mschm_decompressor *base, struct mschmd_header *chm,
  const char *filename, struct mschmd_file *f_ptr, int f_size);
static unsigned char *read_chunk(
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self, struct mschmd_header *chm,
  struct mspack_file *fh, unsigned int chunk);
static int search_chunk(
  struct mschmd_header *chm, const unsigned char *chunk, const char *filename,
  const unsigned char **result, const unsigned char **result_end);
static inline int compare(
  const char *s1, const char *s2, int l1, int l2);
static int chmd_extract(
  struct mschm_decompressor *base, struct mschmd_file *file,
  const char *filename);
static int chmd_sys_write(
  struct mspack_file *file, void *buffer, int bytes);
static int chmd_init_decomp(
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self, struct mschmd_file *file);
static int read_reset_table(
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self, struct mschmd_sec_mscompressed *sec,
  int entry, off_t *length_ptr, off_t *offset_ptr);
static int read_spaninfo(
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self, struct mschmd_sec_mscompressed *sec,
  off_t *length_ptr);
static int find_sys_file(
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self, struct mschmd_sec_mscompressed *sec,
  struct mschmd_file **f_ptr, const char *name);
static unsigned char *read_sys_file(
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self, struct mschmd_file *file);
static int chmd_error(
  struct mschm_decompressor *base);
static int read_off64(
  off_t *var, unsigned char *mem, struct mspack_system *sys,
  struct mspack_file *fh);

/* filenames of the system files used for decompression.
 * Content and ControlData are essential.
 * ResetTable is preferred, but SpanInfo can be used if not available
 */
static const char *content_name  = "::DataSpace/Storage/MSCompressed/Content";
static const char *control_name  = "::DataSpace/Storage/MSCompressed/ControlData";
static const char *spaninfo_name = "::DataSpace/Storage/MSCompressed/SpanInfo";
static const char *rtable_name   = "::DataSpace/Storage/MSCompressed/Transform/"
  "{7FC28940-9D31-11D0-9B27-00A0C91E9C7C}/InstanceData/ResetTable";

/***************************************
 * MSPACK_CREATE_CHM_DECOMPRESSOR
 ***************************************
 * constructor
 */
struct mschm_decompressor *
  mspack_create_chm_decompressor(struct mspack_system *sys)
{
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self = NULL;

  if (!sys) sys = mspack_default_system;
  if (!mspack_valid_system(sys)) return NULL;

  if ((self = (struct mschm_decompressor_p *) sys->alloc(sys, sizeof(struct mschm_decompressor_p)))) {
    self->base.open       = &chmd_open;
    self->base.close      = &chmd_close;
    self->base.extract    = &chmd_extract;
    self->base.last_error = &chmd_error;
    self->base.fast_open  = &chmd_fast_open;
    self->base.fast_find  = &chmd_fast_find;
    self->system          = sys;
    self->error           = MSPACK_ERR_OK;
    self->d               = NULL;
  }
  return (struct mschm_decompressor *) self;
}

/***************************************
 * MSPACK_DESTROY_CAB_DECOMPRESSOR
 ***************************************
 * destructor
 */
void mspack_destroy_chm_decompressor(struct mschm_decompressor *base) {
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self = (struct mschm_decompressor_p *) base;
  if (self) {
    struct mspack_system *sys = self->system;
    if (self->d) {
      if (self->d->infh)  sys->close(self->d->infh);
      if (self->d->state) lzxd_free(self->d->state);
      sys->free(self->d);
    }
    sys->free(self);
  }
}

/***************************************
 * CHMD_OPEN
 ***************************************
 * opens a file and tries to read it as a CHM file.
 * Calls chmd_real_open() with entire=1.
 */
static struct mschmd_header *chmd_open(struct mschm_decompressor *base,
                                       const char *filename)
{
  return chmd_real_open(base, filename, 1);
}

/***************************************
 * CHMD_FAST_OPEN
 ***************************************
 * opens a file and tries to read it as a CHM file, but does not read
 * the file headers. Calls chmd_real_open() with entire=0
 */
static struct mschmd_header *chmd_fast_open(struct mschm_decompressor *base,
                                            const char *filename)
{
  return chmd_real_open(base, filename, 0);
}

/***************************************
 * CHMD_REAL_OPEN
 ***************************************
 * the real implementation of chmd_open() and chmd_fast_open(). It simply
 * passes the "entire" parameter to chmd_read_headers(), which will then
 * either read all headers, or a bare mininum.
 */
static struct mschmd_header *chmd_real_open(struct mschm_decompressor *base,
                                            const char *filename, int entire)
{
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self = (struct mschm_decompressor_p *) base;
  struct mschmd_header *chm = NULL;
  struct mspack_system *sys;
  struct mspack_file *fh;
  int error;

  if (!base) return NULL;
  sys = self->system;

  if ((fh = sys->open(sys, filename, MSPACK_SYS_OPEN_READ))) {
    if ((chm = (struct mschmd_header *) sys->alloc(sys, sizeof(struct mschmd_header)))) {
      chm->filename = filename;
      error = chmd_read_headers(sys, fh, chm, entire);
      if (error) {
        /* if the error is DATAFORMAT, and there are some results, return
         * partial results with a warning, rather than nothing */
        if (error == MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT && (chm->files || chm->sysfiles)) {
          sys->message(fh, "WARNING; contents are corrupt");
          error = MSPACK_ERR_OK;
        }
        else {
          chmd_close(base, chm);
          chm = NULL;
        }
      }
      self->error = error;
    }
    else {
      self->error = MSPACK_ERR_NOMEMORY;
    }
    sys->close(fh);
  }
  else {
    self->error = MSPACK_ERR_OPEN;
  }
  return chm;
}

/***************************************
 * CHMD_CLOSE
 ***************************************
 * frees all memory associated with a given mschmd_header
 */
static void chmd_close(struct mschm_decompressor *base,
                       struct mschmd_header *chm)
{
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self = (struct mschm_decompressor_p *) base;
  struct mschmd_file *fi, *nfi;
  struct mspack_system *sys;
  unsigned int i;

  if (!base) return;
  sys = self->system;

  self->error = MSPACK_ERR_OK;

  /* free files */
  for (fi = chm->files; fi; fi = nfi) {
    nfi = fi->next;
    sys->free(fi);
  }
  for (fi = chm->sysfiles; fi; fi = nfi) {
    nfi = fi->next;
    sys->free(fi);
  }

  /* if this CHM was being decompressed, free decompression state */
  if (self->d && (self->d->chm == chm)) {
    if (self->d->infh) sys->close(self->d->infh);
    if (self->d->state) lzxd_free(self->d->state);
    sys->free(self->d);
    self->d = NULL;
  }

  /* if this CHM had a chunk cache, free it and contents */
  if (chm->chunk_cache) {
      for (i = 0; i < chm->num_chunks; i++) sys->free(chm->chunk_cache[i]);
      sys->free(chm->chunk_cache);
  }

  sys->free(chm);
}

/***************************************
 * CHMD_READ_HEADERS
 ***************************************
 * reads the basic CHM file headers. If the "entire" parameter is
 * non-zero, all file entries will also be read. fills out a pre-existing
 * mschmd_header structure, allocates memory for files as necessary
 */

/* The GUIDs found in CHM headers */
static const unsigned char guids[32] = {
  /* {7C01FD10-7BAA-11D0-9E0C-00A0-C922-E6EC} */
  0x10, 0xFD, 0x01, 0x7C, 0xAA, 0x7B, 0xD0, 0x11,
  0x9E, 0x0C, 0x00, 0xA0, 0xC9, 0x22, 0xE6, 0xEC,
  /* {7C01FD11-7BAA-11D0-9E0C-00A0-C922-E6EC} */
  0x11, 0xFD, 0x01, 0x7C, 0xAA, 0x7B, 0xD0, 0x11,
  0x9E, 0x0C, 0x00, 0xA0, 0xC9, 0x22, 0xE6, 0xEC
};

/* reads an encoded integer into a variable; 7 bits of data per byte,
 * the high bit is used to indicate that there is another byte */
#define READ_ENCINT(var) do {                   \
    (var) = 0;                                  \
    do {                                        \
        if (p >= end) goto chunk_end;           \
        (var) = ((var) << 7) | (*p & 0x7F);     \
    } while (*p++ & 0x80);                      \
} while (0)

static int chmd_read_headers(struct mspack_system *sys, struct mspack_file *fh,
                             struct mschmd_header *chm, int entire)
{
  unsigned int section, name_len, x, errors, num_chunks;
  unsigned char buf[0x54], *chunk = NULL, *name, *p, *end;
  struct mschmd_file *fi, *link = NULL;
  off_t offset, length;
  int num_entries;

  /* initialise pointers */
  chm->files         = NULL;
  chm->sysfiles      = NULL;
  chm->chunk_cache   = NULL;
  chm->sec0.base.chm = chm;
  chm->sec0.base.id  = 0;
  chm->sec1.base.chm = chm;
  chm->sec1.base.id  = 1;
  chm->sec1.content  = NULL;
  chm->sec1.control  = NULL;
  chm->sec1.spaninfo = NULL;
  chm->sec1.rtable   = NULL;

  /* read the first header */
  if (sys->read(fh, &buf[0], chmhead_SIZEOF) != chmhead_SIZEOF) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_READ;
  }

  /* check ITSF signature */
  if (EndGetI32(&buf[chmhead_Signature]) != 0x46535449) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_SIGNATURE;
  }

  /* check both header GUIDs */
  if (memcmp(&buf[chmhead_GUID1], &guids[0], 32L) != 0) {
    D(("incorrect GUIDs"))
    return MSPACK_ERR_SIGNATURE;
  }

  chm->version   = EndGetI32(&buf[chmhead_Version]);
  chm->timestamp = EndGetM32(&buf[chmhead_Timestamp]);
  chm->language  = EndGetI32(&buf[chmhead_LanguageID]);
  if (chm->version > 3) {
    sys->message(fh, "WARNING; CHM version > 3");
  }

  /* read the header section table */
  if (sys->read(fh, &buf[0], chmhst3_SIZEOF) != chmhst3_SIZEOF) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_READ;
  }

  /* chmhst3_OffsetCS0 does not exist in version 1 or 2 CHM files.
   * The offset will be corrected later, once HS1 is read.
   */
  if (read_off64(&offset,           &buf[chmhst_OffsetHS0],  sys, fh) ||
      read_off64(&chm->dir_offset,  &buf[chmhst_OffsetHS1],  sys, fh) ||
      read_off64(&chm->sec0.offset, &buf[chmhst3_OffsetCS0], sys, fh))
  {
    return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }

  /* seek to header section 0 */
  if (sys->seek(fh, offset, MSPACK_SYS_SEEK_START)) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_SEEK;
  }

  /* read header section 0 */
  if (sys->read(fh, &buf[0], chmhs0_SIZEOF) != chmhs0_SIZEOF) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_READ;
  }
  if (read_off64(&chm->length, &buf[chmhs0_FileLen], sys, fh)) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }

  /* seek to header section 1 */
  if (sys->seek(fh, chm->dir_offset, MSPACK_SYS_SEEK_START)) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_SEEK;
  }

  /* read header section 1 */
  if (sys->read(fh, &buf[0], chmhs1_SIZEOF) != chmhs1_SIZEOF) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_READ;
  }

  chm->dir_offset = sys->tell(fh);
  chm->chunk_size = EndGetI32(&buf[chmhs1_ChunkSize]);
  chm->density    = EndGetI32(&buf[chmhs1_Density]);
  chm->depth      = EndGetI32(&buf[chmhs1_Depth]);
  chm->index_root = EndGetI32(&buf[chmhs1_IndexRoot]);
  chm->num_chunks = EndGetI32(&buf[chmhs1_NumChunks]);
  chm->first_pmgl = EndGetI32(&buf[chmhs1_FirstPMGL]);
  chm->last_pmgl  = EndGetI32(&buf[chmhs1_LastPMGL]);

  if (chm->version < 3) {
    /* versions before 3 don't have chmhst3_OffsetCS0 */
    chm->sec0.offset = chm->dir_offset + (chm->chunk_size * chm->num_chunks);
  }

  /* check if content offset or file size is wrong */
  if (chm->sec0.offset > chm->length) {
    D(("content section begins after file has ended"))
    return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }
  
  /* ensure there are chunks and that chunk size is
   * large enough for signature and num_entries */
  if (chm->chunk_size < (pmgl_Entries + 2)) {
    D(("chunk size not large enough"))
    return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }
  if (chm->num_chunks == 0) {
    D(("no chunks"))
    return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }

  /* The chunk_cache data structure is not great; large values for num_chunks
   * or num_chunks*chunk_size can exhaust all memory. Until a better chunk
   * cache is implemented, put arbitrary limits on num_chunks and chunk size.
   */
  if (chm->num_chunks > 100000) {
    D(("more than 100,000 chunks"))
    return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }   
  if ((off_t)chm->chunk_size * (off_t)chm->num_chunks > chm->length) {
    D(("chunks larger than entire file"))
    return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }

  /* common sense checks on header section 1 fields */
  if ((chm->chunk_size & (chm->chunk_size - 1)) != 0) {
    sys->message(fh, "WARNING; chunk size is not a power of two");
  }
  if (chm->first_pmgl != 0) {
    sys->message(fh, "WARNING; first PMGL chunk is not zero");
  }
  if (chm->first_pmgl > chm->last_pmgl) {
    D(("first pmgl chunk is after last pmgl chunk"))
    return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }
  if (chm->index_root != 0xFFFFFFFF && chm->index_root >= chm->num_chunks) {
    D(("index_root outside valid range"))
    return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }

  /* if we are doing a quick read, stop here! */
  if (!entire) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_OK;
  }

  /* seek to the first PMGL chunk, and reduce the number of chunks to read */
  if ((x = chm->first_pmgl) != 0) {
    if (sys->seek(fh,(off_t) (x * chm->chunk_size), MSPACK_SYS_SEEK_CUR)) {
      return MSPACK_ERR_SEEK;
    }
  }
  num_chunks = chm->last_pmgl - x + 1;

  if (!(chunk = (unsigned char *) sys->alloc(sys, (size_t)chm->chunk_size))) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_NOMEMORY;
  }

  /* read and process all chunks from FirstPMGL to LastPMGL */
  errors = 0;
  while (num_chunks--) {
    /* read next chunk */
    if (sys->read(fh, chunk, (int)chm->chunk_size) != (int)chm->chunk_size) {
      sys->free(chunk);
      return MSPACK_ERR_READ;
    }

    /* process only directory (PMGL) chunks */
    if (EndGetI32(&chunk[pmgl_Signature]) != 0x4C474D50) continue;

    if (EndGetI32(&chunk[pmgl_QuickRefSize]) < 2) {
      sys->message(fh, "WARNING; PMGL quickref area is too small");
    }
    if (EndGetI32(&chunk[pmgl_QuickRefSize]) > 
        ((int)chm->chunk_size - pmgl_Entries))
    {
      sys->message(fh, "WARNING; PMGL quickref area is too large");
    }

    p = &chunk[pmgl_Entries];
    end = &chunk[chm->chunk_size - 2];
    num_entries = EndGetI16(end);

    while (num_entries--) {
      READ_ENCINT(name_len);
      if (name_len > (unsigned int) (end - p)) goto chunk_end;
      name = p; p += name_len;
      READ_ENCINT(section);
      READ_ENCINT(offset);
      READ_ENCINT(length);

      /* ignore blank or one-char (e.g. "/") filenames we'd return as blank */
      if (name_len < 2 || !name[0] || !name[1]) continue;

      /* empty files and directory names are stored as a file entry at
       * offset 0 with length 0. We want to keep empty files, but not
       * directory names, which end with a "/" */
      if ((offset == 0) && (length == 0)) {
        if ((name_len > 0) && (name[name_len-1] == '/')) continue;
      }

      if (section > 1) {
        sys->message(fh, "invalid section number '%u'.", section);
        continue;
      }

      if (!(fi = (struct mschmd_file *) sys->alloc(sys, sizeof(struct mschmd_file) + name_len + 1))) {
        sys->free(chunk);
        return MSPACK_ERR_NOMEMORY;
      }

      fi->next     = NULL;
      fi->filename = (char *) &fi[1];
      fi->section  = ((section == 0) ? (struct mschmd_section *) (&chm->sec0)
                                     : (struct mschmd_section *) (&chm->sec1));
      fi->offset   = offset;
      fi->length   = length;
      sys->copy(name, fi->filename, (size_t) name_len);
      fi->filename[name_len] = '\0';

      if (name[0] == ':' && name[1] == ':') {
        /* system file */
        if (memcmp(&name[2], &content_name[2], 31L) == 0) {
          if (memcmp(&name[33], &content_name[33], 8L) == 0) {
            chm->sec1.content = fi;
          }
          else if (memcmp(&name[33], &control_name[33], 11L) == 0) {
            chm->sec1.control = fi;
          }
          else if (memcmp(&name[33], &spaninfo_name[33], 8L) == 0) {
            chm->sec1.spaninfo = fi;
          }
          else if (memcmp(&name[33], &rtable_name[33], 72L) == 0) {
            chm->sec1.rtable = fi;
          }
        }
        fi->next = chm->sysfiles;
        chm->sysfiles = fi;
      }
      else {
        /* normal file */
        if (link) link->next = fi; else chm->files = fi;
        link = fi;
      }
    }

    /* this is reached either when num_entries runs out, or if
     * reading data from the chunk reached a premature end of chunk */
  chunk_end:
    if (num_entries >= 0) {
      D(("chunk ended before all entries could be read"))
      errors++;
    }

  }
  sys->free(chunk);
  return (errors > 0) ? MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT : MSPACK_ERR_OK;
}

/***************************************
 * CHMD_FAST_FIND
 ***************************************
 * uses PMGI index chunks and quickref data to quickly locate a file
 * directly from the on-disk index.
 *
 * TODO: protect against infinite loops in chunks (where pgml_NextChunk
 * or a PMGI index entry point to an already visited chunk)
 */
static int chmd_fast_find(struct mschm_decompressor *base,
                          struct mschmd_header *chm, const char *filename,
                          struct mschmd_file *f_ptr, int f_size)
{
    struct mschm_decompressor_p *self = (struct mschm_decompressor_p *) base;
    struct mspack_system *sys;
    struct mspack_file *fh;
    /* p and end are initialised to prevent MSVC warning about "potentially"
     * uninitialised usage. This is provably untrue, but MS won't fix:
     * https://developercommunity.visualstudio.com/content/problem/363489/c4701-false-positive-warning.html */
    const unsigned char *chunk, *p = NULL, *end = NULL;
    int err = MSPACK_ERR_OK, result = -1;
    unsigned int n, sec;

    if (!self || !chm || !f_ptr || (f_size != sizeof(struct mschmd_file))) {
        return MSPACK_ERR_ARGS;
    }
    sys = self->system;

    /* clear the results structure */
    memset(f_ptr, 0, f_size);

    if (!(fh = sys->open(sys, chm->filename, MSPACK_SYS_OPEN_READ))) {
        return MSPACK_ERR_OPEN;
    }

    /* go through PMGI chunk hierarchy to reach PMGL chunk */
    if (chm->index_root < chm->num_chunks) {
        n = chm->index_root;
        for (;;) {
            if (!(chunk = read_chunk(self, chm, fh, n))) {
                sys->close(fh);
                return self->error;
            }

            /* search PMGI/PMGL chunk. exit early if no entry found */
            if ((result = search_chunk(chm, chunk, filename, &p, &end)) <= 0) {
                break;
            }

            /* found result. loop around for next chunk if this is PMGI */
            if (chunk[3] == 0x4C) break; else READ_ENCINT(n);
        }
    }
    else {
        /* PMGL chunks only, search from first_pmgl to last_pmgl */
        for (n = chm->first_pmgl; n <= chm->last_pmgl;
             n = EndGetI32(&chunk[pmgl_NextChunk]))
        {
            if (!(chunk = read_chunk(self, chm, fh, n))) {
                err = self->error;
                break;
            }

            /* search PMGL chunk. exit if file found */
            if ((result = search_chunk(chm, chunk, filename, &p, &end)) > 0) {
                break;
            }

            /* stop simple infinite loops: can't visit the same chunk twice */
            if ((int)n == EndGetI32(&chunk[pmgl_NextChunk])) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    /* if we found a file, read it */
    if (result > 0) {
        READ_ENCINT(sec);
        f_ptr->section  = (sec == 0) ? (struct mschmd_section *) &chm->sec0
                                     : (struct mschmd_section *) &chm->sec1;
        READ_ENCINT(f_ptr->offset);
        READ_ENCINT(f_ptr->length);
    }
    else if (result < 0) {
        err = MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
    }

    sys->close(fh);
    return self->error = err;

 chunk_end:
    D(("read beyond end of chunk entries"))
    sys->close(fh);
    return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
}

/* reads the given chunk into memory, storing it in a chunk cache
 * so it doesn't need to be read from disk more than once
 */
static unsigned char *read_chunk(struct mschm_decompressor_p *self,
                                 struct mschmd_header *chm,
                                 struct mspack_file *fh,
                                 unsigned int chunk_num)
{
    struct mspack_system *sys = self->system;
    unsigned char *buf;

    /* check arguments - most are already checked by chmd_fast_find */
    if (chunk_num >= chm->num_chunks) return NULL;
    
    /* ensure chunk cache is available */
    if (!chm->chunk_cache) {
        size_t size = sizeof(unsigned char *) * chm->num_chunks;
        if (!(chm->chunk_cache = (unsigned char **) sys->alloc(sys, size))) {
            self->error = MSPACK_ERR_NOMEMORY;
            return NULL;
        }
        memset(chm->chunk_cache, 0, size);
    }

    /* try to answer out of chunk cache */
    if (chm->chunk_cache[chunk_num]) return chm->chunk_cache[chunk_num];

    /* need to read chunk - allocate memory for it */
    if (!(buf = (unsigned char *) sys->alloc(sys, chm->chunk_size))) {
        self->error = MSPACK_ERR_NOMEMORY;
        return NULL;
    }

    /* seek to block and read it */
    if (sys->seek(fh, (off_t) (chm->dir_offset + (chunk_num * chm->chunk_size)),
                      MSPACK_SYS_SEEK_START))
    {
        self->error = MSPACK_ERR_SEEK;
        sys->free(buf);
        return NULL;
    }
    if (sys->read(fh, buf, (int)chm->chunk_size) != (int)chm->chunk_size) {
        self->error = MSPACK_ERR_READ;
        sys->free(buf);
        return NULL;
    }

    /* check the signature. Is is PMGL or PMGI? */
    if (!((buf[0] == 0x50) && (buf[1] == 0x4D) && (buf[2] == 0x47) &&
          ((buf[3] == 0x4C) || (buf[3] == 0x49))))
    {
        self->error = MSPACK_ERR_SEEK;
        sys->free(buf);
        return NULL;
    }

    /* all OK. Store chunk in cache and return it */
    return chm->chunk_cache[chunk_num] = buf;
}

/* searches a PMGI/PMGL chunk for a given filename entry. Returns -1 on
 * data format error, 0 if entry definitely not found, 1 if entry
 * found. In the latter case, *result and *result_end are set pointing
 * to that entry's data (either the "next chunk" ENCINT for a PMGI or
 * the section, offset and length ENCINTs for a PMGL).
 *
 * In the case of PMGL chunks, the entry has definitely been
 * found. In the case of PMGI chunks, the entry which points to the
 * chunk that may eventually contain that entry has been found.
 */
static int search_chunk(struct mschmd_header *chm,
                        const unsigned char *chunk,
                        const char *filename,
                        const unsigned char **result,
                        const unsigned char **result_end)
{
    const unsigned char *start, *end, *p;
    unsigned int qr_size, num_entries, qr_entries, qr_density, name_len;
    unsigned int L, R, M, fname_len, entries_off, is_pmgl;
    int cmp;

    fname_len = strlen(filename);

    /* PMGL chunk or PMGI chunk? (note: read_chunk() has already
     * checked the rest of the characters in the chunk signature) */
    if (chunk[3] == 0x4C) {
        is_pmgl = 1;
        entries_off = pmgl_Entries;
    }
    else {
        is_pmgl = 0;
        entries_off = pmgi_Entries;
    }

    /*  Step 1: binary search first filename of each QR entry
     *  - target filename == entry
     *    found file
     *  - target filename < all entries
     *    file not found
     *  - target filename > all entries
     *    proceed to step 2 using final entry
     *  - target filename between two searched entries
     *    proceed to step 2
     */
    qr_size     = EndGetI32(&chunk[pmgl_QuickRefSize]);
    start       = &chunk[chm->chunk_size - 2];
    end         = &chunk[chm->chunk_size - qr_size];
    num_entries = EndGetI16(start);
    qr_density  = 1 + (1 << chm->density);
    qr_entries  = (num_entries + qr_density-1) / qr_density;

    if (num_entries == 0) {
        D(("chunk has no entries"))
        return -1;
    }

    if (qr_size > chm->chunk_size) {
        D(("quickref size > chunk size"))
        return -1;
    }

    *result_end = end;

    if (((int)qr_entries * 2) > (start - end)) {
        D(("WARNING; more quickrefs than quickref space"))
        qr_entries = 0; /* but we can live with it */
    }

    if (qr_entries > 0) {
        L = 0;
        R = qr_entries - 1;
        do {
            /* pick new midpoint */
            M = (L + R) >> 1;

            /* compare filename with entry QR points to */
            p = &chunk[entries_off + (M ? EndGetI16(start - (M << 1)) : 0)];
            READ_ENCINT(name_len);
            if (name_len > (unsigned int) (end - p)) goto chunk_end;
            cmp = compare(filename, (char *)p, fname_len, name_len);

            if (cmp == 0) break;
            else if (cmp < 0) { if (M) R = M - 1; else return 0; }
            else if (cmp > 0) L = M + 1;
        } while (L <= R);
        M = (L + R) >> 1;

        if (cmp == 0) {
            /* exact match! */
            p += name_len;
            *result = p;
            return 1;
        }

        /* otherwise, read the group of entries for QR entry M */
        p = &chunk[entries_off + (M ? EndGetI16(start - (M << 1)) : 0)];
        num_entries -= (M * qr_density);
        if (num_entries > qr_density) num_entries = qr_density;
    }
    else {
        p = &chunk[entries_off];
    }

    /* Step 2: linear search through the set of entries reached in step 1.
     * - filename == any entry
     *   found entry
     * - filename < all entries (PMGI) or any entry (PMGL)
     *   entry not found, stop now
     * - filename > all entries
     *   entry not found (PMGL) / maybe found (PMGI)
     * - 
     */
    *result = NULL;
    while (num_entries-- > 0) {
        READ_ENCINT(name_len);
        if (name_len > (unsigned int) (end - p)) goto chunk_end;
        cmp = compare(filename, (char *)p, fname_len, name_len);
        p += name_len;

        if (cmp == 0) {
            /* entry found */
            *result = p;
            return 1;
        }

        if (cmp < 0) {
            /* entry not found (PMGL) / maybe found (PMGI) */
            break;
        }

        /* read and ignore the rest of this entry */
        if (is_pmgl) {
            READ_ENCINT(R); /* skip section */
            READ_ENCINT(R); /* skip offset */
            READ_ENCINT(R); /* skip length */
        }
        else {
            *result = p; /* store potential final result */
            READ_ENCINT(R); /* skip chunk number */
        }
    }

     /* PMGL? not found. PMGI? maybe found */
     return (is_pmgl) ? 0 : (*result ? 1 : 0);

 chunk_end:
    D(("reached end of chunk data while searching"))
    return -1;
}

#if HAVE_TOWLOWER
# include <wctype.h>
# define TOLOWER(x) towlower(x)
#else
# include <ctype.h>
# define TOLOWER(x) tolower(x)
#endif

/* decodes a UTF-8 character from s[] into c. Will not read past e. 
 * doesn't test that extension bytes are %10xxxxxx.
 * allows some overlong encodings.
 */
#define GET_UTF8_CHAR(s, e, c) do {                                     \
    unsigned char x = *s++;                                             \
    if (x < 0x80) c = x;                                                \
    else if (x >= 0xC2 && x < 0xE0 && s < e) {                          \
        c = (x & 0x1F) << 6 | (*s++ & 0x3F);                            \
    }                                                                   \
    else if (x >= 0xE0 && x < 0xF0 && s+1 < e) {                        \
        c = (x & 0x0F) << 12 | (s[0] & 0x3F) << 6 | (s[1] & 0x3F);      \
        s += 2;                                                         \
    }                                                                   \
    else if (x >= 0xF0 && x <= 0xF5 && s+2 < e) {                       \
        c = (x & 0x07) << 18 | (s[0] & 0x3F) << 12 |                    \
            (s[1] & 0x3F) << 6 | (s[2] & 0x3F);                         \
        if (c > 0x10FFFF) c = 0xFFFD;                                   \
        s += 3;                                                         \
    }                                                                   \
    else c = 0xFFFD;                                                    \
} while (0)

/* case-insensitively compares two UTF8 encoded strings. String length for
 * both strings must be provided, null bytes are not terminators */
static inline int compare(const char *s1, const char *s2, int l1, int l2) {
    register const unsigned char *p1 = (const unsigned char *) s1;
    register const unsigned char *p2 = (const unsigned char *) s2;
    register const unsigned char *e1 = p1 + l1, *e2 = p2 + l2;
    int c1, c2;

    while (p1 < e1 && p2 < e2) {
        GET_UTF8_CHAR(p1, e1, c1);
        GET_UTF8_CHAR(p2, e2, c2);
        if (c1 == c2) continue;
        c1 = TOLOWER(c1);
        c2 = TOLOWER(c2);
        if (c1 != c2) return c1 - c2;
    }
    return l1 - l2;
}


/***************************************
 * CHMD_EXTRACT
 ***************************************
 * extracts a file from a CHM helpfile
 */
static int chmd_extract(struct mschm_decompressor *base,
                        struct mschmd_file *file, const char *filename)
{
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self = (struct mschm_decompressor_p *) base;
  struct mspack_system *sys;
  struct mschmd_header *chm;
  struct mspack_file *fh;
  off_t bytes;

  if (!self) return MSPACK_ERR_ARGS;
  if (!file || !file->section) return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_ARGS;
  sys = self->system;
  chm = file->section->chm;

  /* create decompression state if it doesn't exist */
  if (!self->d) {
    self->d = (struct mschmd_decompress_state *) sys->alloc(sys, sizeof(struct mschmd_decompress_state));
    if (!self->d) return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_NOMEMORY;
    self->d->chm       = chm;
    self->d->offset    = 0;
    self->d->state     = NULL;
    self->d->sys       = *sys;
    self->d->sys.write = &chmd_sys_write;
    self->d->infh      = NULL;
    self->d->outfh     = NULL;
  }

  /* open input chm file if not open, or the open one is a different chm */
  if (!self->d->infh || (self->d->chm != chm)) {
    if (self->d->infh)  sys->close(self->d->infh);
    if (self->d->state) lzxd_free(self->d->state);
    self->d->chm    = chm;
    self->d->offset = 0;
    self->d->state  = NULL;
    self->d->infh   = sys->open(sys, chm->filename, MSPACK_SYS_OPEN_READ);
    if (!self->d->infh) return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_OPEN;
  }

  /* open file for output */
  if (!(fh = sys->open(sys, filename, MSPACK_SYS_OPEN_WRITE))) {
    return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_OPEN;
  }

  /* if file is empty, simply creating it is enough */
  if (!file->length) {
    sys->close(fh);
    return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_OK;
  }

  self->error = MSPACK_ERR_OK;

  switch (file->section->id) {
  case 0: /* Uncompressed section file */
    /* simple seek + copy */
    if (sys->seek(self->d->infh, file->section->chm->sec0.offset
                  + file->offset, MSPACK_SYS_SEEK_START))
    {
      self->error = MSPACK_ERR_SEEK;
    }
    else {
      unsigned char buf[512];
      off_t length = file->length;
      while (length > 0) {
        int run = sizeof(buf);
        if ((off_t)run > length) run = (int)length;
        if (sys->read(self->d->infh, &buf[0], run) != run) {
          self->error = MSPACK_ERR_READ;
          break;
        }
        if (sys->write(fh, &buf[0], run) != run) {
          self->error = MSPACK_ERR_WRITE;
          break;
        }
        length -= run;
      }
    }
    break;

  case 1: /* MSCompressed section file */
    /* (re)initialise compression state if we it is not yet initialised,
     * or we have advanced too far and have to backtrack
     */
    if (!self->d->state || (file->offset < self->d->offset)) {
      if (self->d->state) {
        lzxd_free(self->d->state);
        self->d->state = NULL;
      }
      if (chmd_init_decomp(self, file)) break;
    }

    /* seek to input data */
    if (sys->seek(self->d->infh, self->d->inoffset, MSPACK_SYS_SEEK_START)) {
      self->error = MSPACK_ERR_SEEK;
      break;
    }

    /* get to correct offset. */
    self->d->outfh = NULL;
    if ((bytes = file->offset - self->d->offset)) {
      self->error = lzxd_decompress(self->d->state, bytes);
    }

    /* if getting to the correct offset was error free, unpack file */
    if (!self->error) {
      self->d->outfh = fh;
      self->error = lzxd_decompress(self->d->state, file->length);
    }

    /* save offset in input source stream, in case there is a section 0
     * file between now and the next section 1 file extracted */
    self->d->inoffset = sys->tell(self->d->infh);

    /* if an LZX error occured, the LZX decompressor is now useless */
    if (self->error) {
      if (self->d->state) lzxd_free(self->d->state);
      self->d->state = NULL;
    }
    break;
  }

  sys->close(fh);
  return self->error;
}

/***************************************
 * CHMD_SYS_WRITE
 ***************************************
 * chmd_sys_write is the internal writer function which the decompressor
 * uses. If either writes data to disk (self->d->outfh) with the real
 * sys->write() function, or does nothing with the data when
 * self->d->outfh == NULL. advances self->d->offset.
 */
static int chmd_sys_write(struct mspack_file *file, void *buffer, int bytes) {
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self = (struct mschm_decompressor_p *) file;
  self->d->offset += bytes;
  if (self->d->outfh) {
    return self->system->write(self->d->outfh, buffer, bytes);
  }
  return bytes;
}

/***************************************
 * CHMD_INIT_DECOMP
 ***************************************
 * Initialises the LZX decompressor to decompress the compressed stream,
 * from the nearest reset offset and length that is needed for the given
 * file.
 */
static int chmd_init_decomp(struct mschm_decompressor_p *self,
                            struct mschmd_file *file)
{
  int window_size, window_bits, reset_interval, entry, err;
  struct mspack_system *sys = self->system;
  struct mschmd_sec_mscompressed *sec;
  unsigned char *data;
  off_t length, offset;

  sec = (struct mschmd_sec_mscompressed *) file->section;

  /* ensure we have a mscompressed content section */
  err = find_sys_file(self, sec, &sec->content, content_name);
  if (err) return self->error = err;

  /* ensure we have a ControlData file */
  err = find_sys_file(self, sec, &sec->control, control_name);
  if (err) return self->error = err;

  /* read ControlData */
  if (sec->control->length < lzxcd_SIZEOF) {
    D(("ControlData file is too short"))
    return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }
  if (!(data = read_sys_file(self, sec->control))) {
    D(("can't read mscompressed control data file"))
    return self->error;
  }

  /* check LZXC signature */
  if (EndGetI32(&data[lzxcd_Signature]) != 0x43585A4C) {
    sys->free(data);
    return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_SIGNATURE;
  }

  /* read reset_interval and window_size and validate version number */
  switch (EndGetI32(&data[lzxcd_Version])) {
  case 1:
    reset_interval = EndGetI32(&data[lzxcd_ResetInterval]);
    window_size    = EndGetI32(&data[lzxcd_WindowSize]);
    break;
  case 2:
    reset_interval = EndGetI32(&data[lzxcd_ResetInterval]) * LZX_FRAME_SIZE;
    window_size    = EndGetI32(&data[lzxcd_WindowSize])    * LZX_FRAME_SIZE;
    break;
  default:
    D(("bad controldata version"))
    sys->free(data);
    return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }

  /* free ControlData */
  sys->free(data);

  /* find window_bits from window_size */
  switch (window_size) {
  case 0x008000: window_bits = 15; break;
  case 0x010000: window_bits = 16; break;
  case 0x020000: window_bits = 17; break;
  case 0x040000: window_bits = 18; break;
  case 0x080000: window_bits = 19; break;
  case 0x100000: window_bits = 20; break;
  case 0x200000: window_bits = 21; break;
  default:
    D(("bad controldata window size"))
    return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }

  /* validate reset_interval */
  if (reset_interval == 0 || reset_interval % LZX_FRAME_SIZE) {
    D(("bad controldata reset interval"))
    return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }

  /* which reset table entry would we like? */
  entry = file->offset / reset_interval;
  /* convert from reset interval multiple (usually 64k) to 32k frames */
  entry *= reset_interval / LZX_FRAME_SIZE;

  /* read the reset table entry */
  if (read_reset_table(self, sec, entry, &length, &offset)) {
    /* the uncompressed length given in the reset table is dishonest.
     * the uncompressed data is always padded out from the given
     * uncompressed length up to the next reset interval */
    length += reset_interval - 1;
    length &= -reset_interval;
  }
  else {
    /* if we can't read the reset table entry, just start from
     * the beginning. Use spaninfo to get the uncompressed length */
    entry = 0;
    offset = 0;
    err = read_spaninfo(self, sec, &length);
  }
  if (err) return self->error = err;

  /* get offset of compressed data stream:
   * = offset of uncompressed section from start of file
   * + offset of compressed stream from start of uncompressed section
   * + offset of chosen reset interval from start of compressed stream */
  self->d->inoffset = file->section->chm->sec0.offset + sec->content->offset + offset;

  /* set start offset and overall remaining stream length */
  self->d->offset = entry * LZX_FRAME_SIZE;
  length -= self->d->offset;

  /* initialise LZX stream */
  self->d->state = lzxd_init(&self->d->sys, self->d->infh,
                             (struct mspack_file *) self, window_bits,
                             reset_interval / LZX_FRAME_SIZE,
                             4096, length, 0);
  if (!self->d->state) self->error = MSPACK_ERR_NOMEMORY;
  return self->error;
}

/***************************************
 * READ_RESET_TABLE
 ***************************************
 * Reads one entry out of the reset table. Also reads the uncompressed
 * data length. Writes these to offset_ptr and length_ptr respectively.
 * Returns non-zero for success, zero for failure.
 */
static int read_reset_table(struct mschm_decompressor_p *self,
                            struct mschmd_sec_mscompressed *sec,
                            int entry, off_t *length_ptr, off_t *offset_ptr)
{
    struct mspack_system *sys = self->system;
    unsigned char *data;
    unsigned int pos, entrysize;

    /* do we have a ResetTable file? */
    int err = find_sys_file(self, sec, &sec->rtable, rtable_name);
    if (err) return 0;

    /* read ResetTable file */
    if (sec->rtable->length < lzxrt_headerSIZEOF) {
        D(("ResetTable file is too short"))
        return 0;
    }
    if (!(data = read_sys_file(self, sec->rtable))) {
        D(("can't read reset table"))
        return 0;
    }

    /* check sanity of reset table */
    if (EndGetI32(&data[lzxrt_FrameLen]) != LZX_FRAME_SIZE) {
        D(("bad reset table frame length"))
        sys->free(data);
        return 0;
    }

    /* get the uncompressed length of the LZX stream */
    if (read_off64(length_ptr, &data[lzxrt_UncompLen], sys, self->d->infh)) {
        sys->free(data);
        return 0;
    }

    entrysize = EndGetI32(&data[lzxrt_EntrySize]);
    pos = EndGetI32(&data[lzxrt_TableOffset]) + (entry * entrysize);

    /* ensure reset table entry for this offset exists */
    if (entry < EndGetI32(&data[lzxrt_NumEntries]) &&
        pos <= (sec->rtable->length - entrysize))
    {
        switch (entrysize) {
        case 4:
            *offset_ptr = EndGetI32(&data[pos]);
            err = 0;
            break;
        case 8:
            err = read_off64(offset_ptr, &data[pos], sys, self->d->infh);
            break;
        default:
            D(("reset table entry size neither 4 nor 8"))
            err = 1;
            break;
        }
    }
    else {
        D(("bad reset interval"))
        err = 1;
    }

    /* free the reset table */
    sys->free(data);

    /* return success */
    return (err == 0);
}

/***************************************
 * READ_SPANINFO
 ***************************************
 * Reads the uncompressed data length from the spaninfo file.
 * Returns zero for success or a non-zero error code for failure.
 */
static int read_spaninfo(struct mschm_decompressor_p *self,
                         struct mschmd_sec_mscompressed *sec,
                         off_t *length_ptr)
{
    struct mspack_system *sys = self->system;
    unsigned char *data;
    
    /* find SpanInfo file */
    int err = find_sys_file(self, sec, &sec->spaninfo, spaninfo_name);
    if (err) return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;

    /* check it's large enough */
    if (sec->spaninfo->length != 8) {
        D(("SpanInfo file is wrong size"))
        return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
    }

    /* read the SpanInfo file */
    if (!(data = read_sys_file(self, sec->spaninfo))) {
        D(("can't read SpanInfo file"))
        return self->error;
    }

    /* get the uncompressed length of the LZX stream */
    err = read_off64(length_ptr, data, sys, self->d->infh);
    sys->free(data);
    if (err) return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;

    if (*length_ptr <= 0) {
        D(("output length is invalid"))
        return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
    }

    return MSPACK_ERR_OK;
}

/***************************************
 * FIND_SYS_FILE
 ***************************************
 * Uses chmd_fast_find to locate a system file, and fills out that system
 * file's entry and links it into the list of system files. Returns zero
 * for success, non-zero for both failure and the file not existing.
 */
static int find_sys_file(struct mschm_decompressor_p *self,
                         struct mschmd_sec_mscompressed *sec,
                         struct mschmd_file **f_ptr, const char *name)
{
    struct mspack_system *sys = self->system;
    struct mschmd_file result;

    /* already loaded */
    if (*f_ptr) return MSPACK_ERR_OK;

    /* try using fast_find to find the file - return DATAFORMAT error if
     * it fails, or successfully doesn't find the file */
    if (chmd_fast_find((struct mschm_decompressor *) self, sec->base.chm,
                       name, &result, (int)sizeof(result)) || !result.section)
    {
        return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
    }

    if (!(*f_ptr = (struct mschmd_file *) sys->alloc(sys, sizeof(result)))) {
        return MSPACK_ERR_NOMEMORY;
    }

    /* copy result */
    *(*f_ptr) = result;
    (*f_ptr)->filename = (char *) name;

    /* link file into sysfiles list */
    (*f_ptr)->next = sec->base.chm->sysfiles;
    sec->base.chm->sysfiles = *f_ptr;
    return MSPACK_ERR_OK;
}

/***************************************
 * READ_SYS_FILE
 ***************************************
 * Allocates memory for a section 0 (uncompressed) file and reads it into
 * memory.
 */
static unsigned char *read_sys_file(struct mschm_decompressor_p *self,
                                    struct mschmd_file *file)
{
  struct mspack_system *sys = self->system;
  unsigned char *data = NULL;
  int len;

  if (!file || !file->section || (file->section->id != 0)) {
    self->error = MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
    return NULL;
  }

  len = (int) file->length;

  if (!(data = (unsigned char *) sys->alloc(sys, (size_t) len))) {
    self->error = MSPACK_ERR_NOMEMORY;
    return NULL;
  }
  if (sys->seek(self->d->infh, file->section->chm->sec0.offset
                + file->offset, MSPACK_SYS_SEEK_START))
  {
    self->error = MSPACK_ERR_SEEK;
    sys->free(data);
    return NULL;
  }
  if (sys->read(self->d->infh, data, len) != len) {
    self->error = MSPACK_ERR_READ;
    sys->free(data);
    return NULL;
  }
  return data;
}

/***************************************
 * CHMD_ERROR
 ***************************************
 * returns the last error that occurred
 */
static int chmd_error(struct mschm_decompressor *base) {
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self = (struct mschm_decompressor_p *) base;
  return (self) ? self->error : MSPACK_ERR_ARGS;
}

/***************************************
 * READ_OFF64
 ***************************************
 * Reads a 64-bit signed integer from memory in Intel byte order.
 * If running on a system with a 64-bit off_t, this is simply done.
 * If running on a system with a 32-bit off_t, offsets up to 0x7FFFFFFF
 * are accepted, offsets beyond that cause an error message.
 */
static int read_off64(off_t *var, unsigned char *mem,
                      struct mspack_system *sys, struct mspack_file *fh)
{
#if LARGEFILE_SUPPORT
    *var = EndGetI64(mem);
#else
    *var = EndGetI32(mem);
    if ((*var & 0x80000000) || EndGetI32(mem+4)) {
        sys->message(fh, (char *)largefile_msg);
        return 1;
    }
#endif
    return 0;
}


Fixed version (ground truth):
/* This file is part of libmspack.
 * (C) 2003-2018 Stuart Caie.
 *
 * libmspack is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) version 2.1
 *
 * For further details, see the file COPYING.LIB distributed with libmspack
 */

/* CHM decompression implementation */

#include <system.h>
#include <chm.h>

/* prototypes */
static struct mschmd_header * chmd_open(
  struct mschm_decompressor *base, const char *filename);
static struct mschmd_header * chmd_fast_open(
  struct mschm_decompressor *base, const char *filename);
static struct mschmd_header *chmd_real_open(
  struct mschm_decompressor *base, const char *filename, int entire);
static void chmd_close(
  struct mschm_decompressor *base, struct mschmd_header *chm);
static int chmd_read_headers(
  struct mspack_system *sys, struct mspack_file *fh,
  struct mschmd_header *chm, int entire);
static int chmd_fast_find(
  struct mschm_decompressor *base, struct mschmd_header *chm,
  const char *filename, struct mschmd_file *f_ptr, int f_size);
static unsigned char *read_chunk(
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self, struct mschmd_header *chm,
  struct mspack_file *fh, unsigned int chunk);
static int search_chunk(
  struct mschmd_header *chm, const unsigned char *chunk, const char *filename,
  const unsigned char **result, const unsigned char **result_end);
static inline int compare(
  const char *s1, const char *s2, int l1, int l2);
static int chmd_extract(
  struct mschm_decompressor *base, struct mschmd_file *file,
  const char *filename);
static int chmd_sys_write(
  struct mspack_file *file, void *buffer, int bytes);
static int chmd_init_decomp(
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self, struct mschmd_file *file);
static int read_reset_table(
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self, struct mschmd_sec_mscompressed *sec,
  int entry, off_t *length_ptr, off_t *offset_ptr);
static int read_spaninfo(
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self, struct mschmd_sec_mscompressed *sec,
  off_t *length_ptr);
static int find_sys_file(
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self, struct mschmd_sec_mscompressed *sec,
  struct mschmd_file **f_ptr, const char *name);
static unsigned char *read_sys_file(
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self, struct mschmd_file *file);
static int chmd_error(
  struct mschm_decompressor *base);
static int read_off64(
  off_t *var, unsigned char *mem, struct mspack_system *sys,
  struct mspack_file *fh);

/* filenames of the system files used for decompression.
 * Content and ControlData are essential.
 * ResetTable is preferred, but SpanInfo can be used if not available
 */
static const char *content_name  = "::DataSpace/Storage/MSCompressed/Content";
static const char *control_name  = "::DataSpace/Storage/MSCompressed/ControlData";
static const char *spaninfo_name = "::DataSpace/Storage/MSCompressed/SpanInfo";
static const char *rtable_name   = "::DataSpace/Storage/MSCompressed/Transform/"
  "{7FC28940-9D31-11D0-9B27-00A0C91E9C7C}/InstanceData/ResetTable";

/***************************************
 * MSPACK_CREATE_CHM_DECOMPRESSOR
 ***************************************
 * constructor
 */
struct mschm_decompressor *
  mspack_create_chm_decompressor(struct mspack_system *sys)
{
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self = NULL;

  if (!sys) sys = mspack_default_system;
  if (!mspack_valid_system(sys)) return NULL;

  if ((self = (struct mschm_decompressor_p *) sys->alloc(sys, sizeof(struct mschm_decompressor_p)))) {
    self->base.open       = &chmd_open;
    self->base.close      = &chmd_close;
    self->base.extract    = &chmd_extract;
    self->base.last_error = &chmd_error;
    self->base.fast_open  = &chmd_fast_open;
    self->base.fast_find  = &chmd_fast_find;
    self->system          = sys;
    self->error           = MSPACK_ERR_OK;
    self->d               = NULL;
  }
  return (struct mschm_decompressor *) self;
}

/***************************************
 * MSPACK_DESTROY_CAB_DECOMPRESSOR
 ***************************************
 * destructor
 */
void mspack_destroy_chm_decompressor(struct mschm_decompressor *base) {
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self = (struct mschm_decompressor_p *) base;
  if (self) {
    struct mspack_system *sys = self->system;
    if (self->d) {
      if (self->d->infh)  sys->close(self->d->infh);
      if (self->d->state) lzxd_free(self->d->state);
      sys->free(self->d);
    }
    sys->free(self);
  }
}

/***************************************
 * CHMD_OPEN
 ***************************************
 * opens a file and tries to read it as a CHM file.
 * Calls chmd_real_open() with entire=1.
 */
static struct mschmd_header *chmd_open(struct mschm_decompressor *base,
                                       const char *filename)
{
  return chmd_real_open(base, filename, 1);
}

/***************************************
 * CHMD_FAST_OPEN
 ***************************************
 * opens a file and tries to read it as a CHM file, but does not read
 * the file headers. Calls chmd_real_open() with entire=0
 */
static struct mschmd_header *chmd_fast_open(struct mschm_decompressor *base,
                                            const char *filename)
{
  return chmd_real_open(base, filename, 0);
}

/***************************************
 * CHMD_REAL_OPEN
 ***************************************
 * the real implementation of chmd_open() and chmd_fast_open(). It simply
 * passes the "entire" parameter to chmd_read_headers(), which will then
 * either read all headers, or a bare mininum.
 */
static struct mschmd_header *chmd_real_open(struct mschm_decompressor *base,
                                            const char *filename, int entire)
{
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self = (struct mschm_decompressor_p *) base;
  struct mschmd_header *chm = NULL;
  struct mspack_system *sys;
  struct mspack_file *fh;
  int error;

  if (!base) return NULL;
  sys = self->system;

  if ((fh = sys->open(sys, filename, MSPACK_SYS_OPEN_READ))) {
    if ((chm = (struct mschmd_header *) sys->alloc(sys, sizeof(struct mschmd_header)))) {
      chm->filename = filename;
      error = chmd_read_headers(sys, fh, chm, entire);
      if (error) {
        /* if the error is DATAFORMAT, and there are some results, return
         * partial results with a warning, rather than nothing */
        if (error == MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT && (chm->files || chm->sysfiles)) {
          sys->message(fh, "WARNING; contents are corrupt");
          error = MSPACK_ERR_OK;
        }
        else {
          chmd_close(base, chm);
          chm = NULL;
        }
      }
      self->error = error;
    }
    else {
      self->error = MSPACK_ERR_NOMEMORY;
    }
    sys->close(fh);
  }
  else {
    self->error = MSPACK_ERR_OPEN;
  }
  return chm;
}

/***************************************
 * CHMD_CLOSE
 ***************************************
 * frees all memory associated with a given mschmd_header
 */
static void chmd_close(struct mschm_decompressor *base,
                       struct mschmd_header *chm)
{
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self = (struct mschm_decompressor_p *) base;
  struct mschmd_file *fi, *nfi;
  struct mspack_system *sys;
  unsigned int i;

  if (!base) return;
  sys = self->system;

  self->error = MSPACK_ERR_OK;

  /* free files */
  for (fi = chm->files; fi; fi = nfi) {
    nfi = fi->next;
    sys->free(fi);
  }
  for (fi = chm->sysfiles; fi; fi = nfi) {
    nfi = fi->next;
    sys->free(fi);
  }

  /* if this CHM was being decompressed, free decompression state */
  if (self->d && (self->d->chm == chm)) {
    if (self->d->infh) sys->close(self->d->infh);
    if (self->d->state) lzxd_free(self->d->state);
    sys->free(self->d);
    self->d = NULL;
  }

  /* if this CHM had a chunk cache, free it and contents */
  if (chm->chunk_cache) {
      for (i = 0; i < chm->num_chunks; i++) sys->free(chm->chunk_cache[i]);
      sys->free(chm->chunk_cache);
  }

  sys->free(chm);
}

/***************************************
 * CHMD_READ_HEADERS
 ***************************************
 * reads the basic CHM file headers. If the "entire" parameter is
 * non-zero, all file entries will also be read. fills out a pre-existing
 * mschmd_header structure, allocates memory for files as necessary
 */

/* The GUIDs found in CHM headers */
static const unsigned char guids[32] = {
  /* {7C01FD10-7BAA-11D0-9E0C-00A0-C922-E6EC} */
  0x10, 0xFD, 0x01, 0x7C, 0xAA, 0x7B, 0xD0, 0x11,
  0x9E, 0x0C, 0x00, 0xA0, 0xC9, 0x22, 0xE6, 0xEC,
  /* {7C01FD11-7BAA-11D0-9E0C-00A0-C922-E6EC} */
  0x11, 0xFD, 0x01, 0x7C, 0xAA, 0x7B, 0xD0, 0x11,
  0x9E, 0x0C, 0x00, 0xA0, 0xC9, 0x22, 0xE6, 0xEC
};

/* reads an encoded integer into a variable; 7 bits of data per byte,
 * the high bit is used to indicate that there is another byte */
#define READ_ENCINT(var) do {                   \
    (var) = 0;                                  \
    do {                                        \
        if (p >= end) goto chunk_end;           \
        (var) = ((var) << 7) | (*p & 0x7F);     \
    } while (*p++ & 0x80);                      \
} while (0)

static int chmd_read_headers(struct mspack_system *sys, struct mspack_file *fh,
                             struct mschmd_header *chm, int entire)
{
  unsigned int section, name_len, x, errors, num_chunks;
  unsigned char buf[0x54], *chunk = NULL, *name, *p, *end;
  struct mschmd_file *fi, *link = NULL;
  off_t offset, length;
  int num_entries;

  /* initialise pointers */
  chm->files         = NULL;
  chm->sysfiles      = NULL;
  chm->chunk_cache   = NULL;
  chm->sec0.base.chm = chm;
  chm->sec0.base.id  = 0;
  chm->sec1.base.chm = chm;
  chm->sec1.base.id  = 1;
  chm->sec1.content  = NULL;
  chm->sec1.control  = NULL;
  chm->sec1.spaninfo = NULL;
  chm->sec1.rtable   = NULL;

  /* read the first header */
  if (sys->read(fh, &buf[0], chmhead_SIZEOF) != chmhead_SIZEOF) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_READ;
  }

  /* check ITSF signature */
  if (EndGetI32(&buf[chmhead_Signature]) != 0x46535449) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_SIGNATURE;
  }

  /* check both header GUIDs */
  if (memcmp(&buf[chmhead_GUID1], &guids[0], 32L) != 0) {
    D(("incorrect GUIDs"))
    return MSPACK_ERR_SIGNATURE;
  }

  chm->version   = EndGetI32(&buf[chmhead_Version]);
  chm->timestamp = EndGetM32(&buf[chmhead_Timestamp]);
  chm->language  = EndGetI32(&buf[chmhead_LanguageID]);
  if (chm->version > 3) {
    sys->message(fh, "WARNING; CHM version > 3");
  }

  /* read the header section table */
  if (sys->read(fh, &buf[0], chmhst3_SIZEOF) != chmhst3_SIZEOF) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_READ;
  }

  /* chmhst3_OffsetCS0 does not exist in version 1 or 2 CHM files.
   * The offset will be corrected later, once HS1 is read.
   */
  if (read_off64(&offset,           &buf[chmhst_OffsetHS0],  sys, fh) ||
      read_off64(&chm->dir_offset,  &buf[chmhst_OffsetHS1],  sys, fh) ||
      read_off64(&chm->sec0.offset, &buf[chmhst3_OffsetCS0], sys, fh))
  {
    return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }

  /* seek to header section 0 */
  if (sys->seek(fh, offset, MSPACK_SYS_SEEK_START)) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_SEEK;
  }

  /* read header section 0 */
  if (sys->read(fh, &buf[0], chmhs0_SIZEOF) != chmhs0_SIZEOF) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_READ;
  }
  if (read_off64(&chm->length, &buf[chmhs0_FileLen], sys, fh)) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }

  /* seek to header section 1 */
  if (sys->seek(fh, chm->dir_offset, MSPACK_SYS_SEEK_START)) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_SEEK;
  }

  /* read header section 1 */
  if (sys->read(fh, &buf[0], chmhs1_SIZEOF) != chmhs1_SIZEOF) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_READ;
  }

  chm->dir_offset = sys->tell(fh);
  chm->chunk_size = EndGetI32(&buf[chmhs1_ChunkSize]);
  chm->density    = EndGetI32(&buf[chmhs1_Density]);
  chm->depth      = EndGetI32(&buf[chmhs1_Depth]);
  chm->index_root = EndGetI32(&buf[chmhs1_IndexRoot]);
  chm->num_chunks = EndGetI32(&buf[chmhs1_NumChunks]);
  chm->first_pmgl = EndGetI32(&buf[chmhs1_FirstPMGL]);
  chm->last_pmgl  = EndGetI32(&buf[chmhs1_LastPMGL]);

  if (chm->version < 3) {
    /* versions before 3 don't have chmhst3_OffsetCS0 */
    chm->sec0.offset = chm->dir_offset + (chm->chunk_size * chm->num_chunks);
  }

  /* check if content offset or file size is wrong */
  if (chm->sec0.offset > chm->length) {
    D(("content section begins after file has ended"))
    return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }
  
  /* ensure there are chunks and that chunk size is
   * large enough for signature and num_entries */
  if (chm->chunk_size < (pmgl_Entries + 2)) {
    D(("chunk size not large enough"))
    return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }
  if (chm->num_chunks == 0) {
    D(("no chunks"))
    return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }

  /* The chunk_cache data structure is not great; large values for num_chunks
   * or num_chunks*chunk_size can exhaust all memory. Until a better chunk
   * cache is implemented, put arbitrary limits on num_chunks and chunk size.
   */
  if (chm->num_chunks > 100000) {
    D(("more than 100,000 chunks"))
    return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }   
  if ((off_t)chm->chunk_size * (off_t)chm->num_chunks > chm->length) {
    D(("chunks larger than entire file"))
    return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }

  /* common sense checks on header section 1 fields */
  if ((chm->chunk_size & (chm->chunk_size - 1)) != 0) {
    sys->message(fh, "WARNING; chunk size is not a power of two");
  }
  if (chm->first_pmgl != 0) {
    sys->message(fh, "WARNING; first PMGL chunk is not zero");
  }
  if (chm->first_pmgl > chm->last_pmgl) {
    D(("first pmgl chunk is after last pmgl chunk"))
    return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }
  if (chm->index_root != 0xFFFFFFFF && chm->index_root >= chm->num_chunks) {
    D(("index_root outside valid range"))
    return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }

  /* if we are doing a quick read, stop here! */
  if (!entire) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_OK;
  }

  /* seek to the first PMGL chunk, and reduce the number of chunks to read */
  if ((x = chm->first_pmgl) != 0) {
    if (sys->seek(fh,(off_t) (x * chm->chunk_size), MSPACK_SYS_SEEK_CUR)) {
      return MSPACK_ERR_SEEK;
    }
  }
  num_chunks = chm->last_pmgl - x + 1;

  if (!(chunk = (unsigned char *) sys->alloc(sys, (size_t)chm->chunk_size))) {
    return MSPACK_ERR_NOMEMORY;
  }

  /* read and process all chunks from FirstPMGL to LastPMGL */
  errors = 0;
  while (num_chunks--) {
    /* read next chunk */
    if (sys->read(fh, chunk, (int)chm->chunk_size) != (int)chm->chunk_size) {
      sys->free(chunk);
      return MSPACK_ERR_READ;
    }

    /* process only directory (PMGL) chunks */
    if (EndGetI32(&chunk[pmgl_Signature]) != 0x4C474D50) continue;

    if (EndGetI32(&chunk[pmgl_QuickRefSize]) < 2) {
      sys->message(fh, "WARNING; PMGL quickref area is too small");
    }
    if (EndGetI32(&chunk[pmgl_QuickRefSize]) > 
        ((int)chm->chunk_size - pmgl_Entries))
    {
      sys->message(fh, "WARNING; PMGL quickref area is too large");
    }

    p = &chunk[pmgl_Entries];
    end = &chunk[chm->chunk_size - 2];
    num_entries = EndGetI16(end);

    while (num_entries--) {
      READ_ENCINT(name_len);
      if (name_len > (unsigned int) (end - p)) goto chunk_end;
      name = p; p += name_len;
      READ_ENCINT(section);
      READ_ENCINT(offset);
      READ_ENCINT(length);

      /* ignore blank or one-char (e.g. "/") filenames we'd return as blank */
      if (name_len < 2 || !name[0] || !name[1]) continue;

      /* empty files and directory names are stored as a file entry at
       * offset 0 with length 0. We want to keep empty files, but not
       * directory names, which end with a "/" */
      if ((offset == 0) && (length == 0)) {
        if ((name_len > 0) && (name[name_len-1] == '/')) continue;
      }

      if (section > 1) {
        sys->message(fh, "invalid section number '%u'.", section);
        continue;
      }

      if (!(fi = (struct mschmd_file *) sys->alloc(sys, sizeof(struct mschmd_file) + name_len + 1))) {
        sys->free(chunk);
        return MSPACK_ERR_NOMEMORY;
      }

      fi->next     = NULL;
      fi->filename = (char *) &fi[1];
      fi->section  = ((section == 0) ? (struct mschmd_section *) (&chm->sec0)
                                     : (struct mschmd_section *) (&chm->sec1));
      fi->offset   = offset;
      fi->length   = length;
      sys->copy(name, fi->filename, (size_t) name_len);
      fi->filename[name_len] = '\0';

      if (name[0] == ':' && name[1] == ':') {
        /* system file */
        if (name_len == 40 && memcmp(name, content_name, 40) == 0) {
          chm->sec1.content = fi;
        }
        else if (name_len == 44 && memcmp(name, control_name, 44) == 0) {
          chm->sec1.control = fi;
        }
        else if (name_len == 41 && memcmp(name, spaninfo_name, 41) == 0) {
          chm->sec1.spaninfo = fi;
        }
        else if (name_len == 105 && memcmp(name, rtable_name, 105) == 0) {
          chm->sec1.rtable = fi;
        }
        fi->next = chm->sysfiles;
        chm->sysfiles = fi;
      }
      else {
        /* normal file */
        if (link) link->next = fi; else chm->files = fi;
        link = fi;
      }
    }

    /* this is reached either when num_entries runs out, or if
     * reading data from the chunk reached a premature end of chunk */
  chunk_end:
    if (num_entries >= 0) {
      D(("chunk ended before all entries could be read"))
      errors++;
    }

  }
  sys->free(chunk);
  return (errors > 0) ? MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT : MSPACK_ERR_OK;
}

/***************************************
 * CHMD_FAST_FIND
 ***************************************
 * uses PMGI index chunks and quickref data to quickly locate a file
 * directly from the on-disk index.
 *
 * TODO: protect against infinite loops in chunks (where pgml_NextChunk
 * or a PMGI index entry point to an already visited chunk)
 */
static int chmd_fast_find(struct mschm_decompressor *base,
                          struct mschmd_header *chm, const char *filename,
                          struct mschmd_file *f_ptr, int f_size)
{
    struct mschm_decompressor_p *self = (struct mschm_decompressor_p *) base;
    struct mspack_system *sys;
    struct mspack_file *fh;
    /* p and end are initialised to prevent MSVC warning about "potentially"
     * uninitialised usage. This is provably untrue, but MS won't fix:
     * https://developercommunity.visualstudio.com/content/problem/363489/c4701-false-positive-warning.html */
    const unsigned char *chunk, *p = NULL, *end = NULL;
    int err = MSPACK_ERR_OK, result = -1;
    unsigned int n, sec;

    if (!self || !chm || !f_ptr || (f_size != sizeof(struct mschmd_file))) {
        return MSPACK_ERR_ARGS;
    }
    sys = self->system;

    /* clear the results structure */
    memset(f_ptr, 0, f_size);

    if (!(fh = sys->open(sys, chm->filename, MSPACK_SYS_OPEN_READ))) {
        return MSPACK_ERR_OPEN;
    }

    /* go through PMGI chunk hierarchy to reach PMGL chunk */
    if (chm->index_root < chm->num_chunks) {
        n = chm->index_root;
        for (;;) {
            if (!(chunk = read_chunk(self, chm, fh, n))) {
                sys->close(fh);
                return self->error;
            }

            /* search PMGI/PMGL chunk. exit early if no entry found */
            if ((result = search_chunk(chm, chunk, filename, &p, &end)) <= 0) {
                break;
            }

            /* found result. loop around for next chunk if this is PMGI */
            if (chunk[3] == 0x4C) break; else READ_ENCINT(n);
        }
    }
    else {
        /* PMGL chunks only, search from first_pmgl to last_pmgl */
        for (n = chm->first_pmgl; n <= chm->last_pmgl;
             n = EndGetI32(&chunk[pmgl_NextChunk]))
        {
            if (!(chunk = read_chunk(self, chm, fh, n))) {
                err = self->error;
                break;
            }

            /* search PMGL chunk. exit if file found */
            if ((result = search_chunk(chm, chunk, filename, &p, &end)) > 0) {
                break;
            }

            /* stop simple infinite loops: can't visit the same chunk twice */
            if ((int)n == EndGetI32(&chunk[pmgl_NextChunk])) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    /* if we found a file, read it */
    if (result > 0) {
        READ_ENCINT(sec);
        f_ptr->section  = (sec == 0) ? (struct mschmd_section *) &chm->sec0
                                     : (struct mschmd_section *) &chm->sec1;
        READ_ENCINT(f_ptr->offset);
        READ_ENCINT(f_ptr->length);
    }
    else if (result < 0) {
        err = MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
    }

    sys->close(fh);
    return self->error = err;

 chunk_end:
    D(("read beyond end of chunk entries"))
    sys->close(fh);
    return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
}

/* reads the given chunk into memory, storing it in a chunk cache
 * so it doesn't need to be read from disk more than once
 */
static unsigned char *read_chunk(struct mschm_decompressor_p *self,
                                 struct mschmd_header *chm,
                                 struct mspack_file *fh,
                                 unsigned int chunk_num)
{
    struct mspack_system *sys = self->system;
    unsigned char *buf;

    /* check arguments - most are already checked by chmd_fast_find */
    if (chunk_num >= chm->num_chunks) return NULL;
    
    /* ensure chunk cache is available */
    if (!chm->chunk_cache) {
        size_t size = sizeof(unsigned char *) * chm->num_chunks;
        if (!(chm->chunk_cache = (unsigned char **) sys->alloc(sys, size))) {
            self->error = MSPACK_ERR_NOMEMORY;
            return NULL;
        }
        memset(chm->chunk_cache, 0, size);
    }

    /* try to answer out of chunk cache */
    if (chm->chunk_cache[chunk_num]) return chm->chunk_cache[chunk_num];

    /* need to read chunk - allocate memory for it */
    if (!(buf = (unsigned char *) sys->alloc(sys, chm->chunk_size))) {
        self->error = MSPACK_ERR_NOMEMORY;
        return NULL;
    }

    /* seek to block and read it */
    if (sys->seek(fh, (off_t) (chm->dir_offset + (chunk_num * chm->chunk_size)),
                      MSPACK_SYS_SEEK_START))
    {
        self->error = MSPACK_ERR_SEEK;
        sys->free(buf);
        return NULL;
    }
    if (sys->read(fh, buf, (int)chm->chunk_size) != (int)chm->chunk_size) {
        self->error = MSPACK_ERR_READ;
        sys->free(buf);
        return NULL;
    }

    /* check the signature. Is is PMGL or PMGI? */
    if (!((buf[0] == 0x50) && (buf[1] == 0x4D) && (buf[2] == 0x47) &&
          ((buf[3] == 0x4C) || (buf[3] == 0x49))))
    {
        self->error = MSPACK_ERR_SEEK;
        sys->free(buf);
        return NULL;
    }

    /* all OK. Store chunk in cache and return it */
    return chm->chunk_cache[chunk_num] = buf;
}

/* searches a PMGI/PMGL chunk for a given filename entry. Returns -1 on
 * data format error, 0 if entry definitely not found, 1 if entry
 * found. In the latter case, *result and *result_end are set pointing
 * to that entry's data (either the "next chunk" ENCINT for a PMGI or
 * the section, offset and length ENCINTs for a PMGL).
 *
 * In the case of PMGL chunks, the entry has definitely been
 * found. In the case of PMGI chunks, the entry which points to the
 * chunk that may eventually contain that entry has been found.
 */
static int search_chunk(struct mschmd_header *chm,
                        const unsigned char *chunk,
                        const char *filename,
                        const unsigned char **result,
                        const unsigned char **result_end)
{
    const unsigned char *start, *end, *p;
    unsigned int qr_size, num_entries, qr_entries, qr_density, name_len;
    unsigned int L, R, M, fname_len, entries_off, is_pmgl;
    int cmp;

    fname_len = strlen(filename);

    /* PMGL chunk or PMGI chunk? (note: read_chunk() has already
     * checked the rest of the characters in the chunk signature) */
    if (chunk[3] == 0x4C) {
        is_pmgl = 1;
        entries_off = pmgl_Entries;
    }
    else {
        is_pmgl = 0;
        entries_off = pmgi_Entries;
    }

    /*  Step 1: binary search first filename of each QR entry
     *  - target filename == entry
     *    found file
     *  - target filename < all entries
     *    file not found
     *  - target filename > all entries
     *    proceed to step 2 using final entry
     *  - target filename between two searched entries
     *    proceed to step 2
     */
    qr_size     = EndGetI32(&chunk[pmgl_QuickRefSize]);
    start       = &chunk[chm->chunk_size - 2];
    end         = &chunk[chm->chunk_size - qr_size];
    num_entries = EndGetI16(start);
    qr_density  = 1 + (1 << chm->density);
    qr_entries  = (num_entries + qr_density-1) / qr_density;

    if (num_entries == 0) {
        D(("chunk has no entries"))
        return -1;
    }

    if (qr_size > chm->chunk_size) {
        D(("quickref size > chunk size"))
        return -1;
    }

    *result_end = end;

    if (((int)qr_entries * 2) > (start - end)) {
        D(("WARNING; more quickrefs than quickref space"))
        qr_entries = 0; /* but we can live with it */
    }

    if (qr_entries > 0) {
        L = 0;
        R = qr_entries - 1;
        do {
            /* pick new midpoint */
            M = (L + R) >> 1;

            /* compare filename with entry QR points to */
            p = &chunk[entries_off + (M ? EndGetI16(start - (M << 1)) : 0)];
            READ_ENCINT(name_len);
            if (name_len > (unsigned int) (end - p)) goto chunk_end;
            cmp = compare(filename, (char *)p, fname_len, name_len);

            if (cmp == 0) break;
            else if (cmp < 0) { if (M) R = M - 1; else return 0; }
            else if (cmp > 0) L = M + 1;
        } while (L <= R);
        M = (L + R) >> 1;

        if (cmp == 0) {
            /* exact match! */
            p += name_len;
            *result = p;
            return 1;
        }

        /* otherwise, read the group of entries for QR entry M */
        p = &chunk[entries_off + (M ? EndGetI16(start - (M << 1)) : 0)];
        num_entries -= (M * qr_density);
        if (num_entries > qr_density) num_entries = qr_density;
    }
    else {
        p = &chunk[entries_off];
    }

    /* Step 2: linear search through the set of entries reached in step 1.
     * - filename == any entry
     *   found entry
     * - filename < all entries (PMGI) or any entry (PMGL)
     *   entry not found, stop now
     * - filename > all entries
     *   entry not found (PMGL) / maybe found (PMGI)
     * - 
     */
    *result = NULL;
    while (num_entries-- > 0) {
        READ_ENCINT(name_len);
        if (name_len > (unsigned int) (end - p)) goto chunk_end;
        cmp = compare(filename, (char *)p, fname_len, name_len);
        p += name_len;

        if (cmp == 0) {
            /* entry found */
            *result = p;
            return 1;
        }

        if (cmp < 0) {
            /* entry not found (PMGL) / maybe found (PMGI) */
            break;
        }

        /* read and ignore the rest of this entry */
        if (is_pmgl) {
            READ_ENCINT(R); /* skip section */
            READ_ENCINT(R); /* skip offset */
            READ_ENCINT(R); /* skip length */
        }
        else {
            *result = p; /* store potential final result */
            READ_ENCINT(R); /* skip chunk number */
        }
    }

     /* PMGL? not found. PMGI? maybe found */
     return (is_pmgl) ? 0 : (*result ? 1 : 0);

 chunk_end:
    D(("reached end of chunk data while searching"))
    return -1;
}

#if HAVE_TOWLOWER
# include <wctype.h>
# define TOLOWER(x) towlower(x)
#else
# include <ctype.h>
# define TOLOWER(x) tolower(x)
#endif

/* decodes a UTF-8 character from s[] into c. Will not read past e. 
 * doesn't test that extension bytes are %10xxxxxx.
 * allows some overlong encodings.
 */
#define GET_UTF8_CHAR(s, e, c) do {                                     \
    unsigned char x = *s++;                                             \
    if (x < 0x80) c = x;                                                \
    else if (x >= 0xC2 && x < 0xE0 && s < e) {                          \
        c = (x & 0x1F) << 6 | (*s++ & 0x3F);                            \
    }                                                                   \
    else if (x >= 0xE0 && x < 0xF0 && s+1 < e) {                        \
        c = (x & 0x0F) << 12 | (s[0] & 0x3F) << 6 | (s[1] & 0x3F);      \
        s += 2;                                                         \
    }                                                                   \
    else if (x >= 0xF0 && x <= 0xF5 && s+2 < e) {                       \
        c = (x & 0x07) << 18 | (s[0] & 0x3F) << 12 |                    \
            (s[1] & 0x3F) << 6 | (s[2] & 0x3F);                         \
        if (c > 0x10FFFF) c = 0xFFFD;                                   \
        s += 3;                                                         \
    }                                                                   \
    else c = 0xFFFD;                                                    \
} while (0)

/* case-insensitively compares two UTF8 encoded strings. String length for
 * both strings must be provided, null bytes are not terminators */
static inline int compare(const char *s1, const char *s2, int l1, int l2) {
    register const unsigned char *p1 = (const unsigned char *) s1;
    register const unsigned char *p2 = (const unsigned char *) s2;
    register const unsigned char *e1 = p1 + l1, *e2 = p2 + l2;
    int c1, c2;

    while (p1 < e1 && p2 < e2) {
        GET_UTF8_CHAR(p1, e1, c1);
        GET_UTF8_CHAR(p2, e2, c2);
        if (c1 == c2) continue;
        c1 = TOLOWER(c1);
        c2 = TOLOWER(c2);
        if (c1 != c2) return c1 - c2;
    }
    return l1 - l2;
}


/***************************************
 * CHMD_EXTRACT
 ***************************************
 * extracts a file from a CHM helpfile
 */
static int chmd_extract(struct mschm_decompressor *base,
                        struct mschmd_file *file, const char *filename)
{
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self = (struct mschm_decompressor_p *) base;
  struct mspack_system *sys;
  struct mschmd_header *chm;
  struct mspack_file *fh;
  off_t bytes;

  if (!self) return MSPACK_ERR_ARGS;
  if (!file || !file->section) return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_ARGS;
  sys = self->system;
  chm = file->section->chm;

  /* create decompression state if it doesn't exist */
  if (!self->d) {
    self->d = (struct mschmd_decompress_state *) sys->alloc(sys, sizeof(struct mschmd_decompress_state));
    if (!self->d) return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_NOMEMORY;
    self->d->chm       = chm;
    self->d->offset    = 0;
    self->d->state     = NULL;
    self->d->sys       = *sys;
    self->d->sys.write = &chmd_sys_write;
    self->d->infh      = NULL;
    self->d->outfh     = NULL;
  }

  /* open input chm file if not open, or the open one is a different chm */
  if (!self->d->infh || (self->d->chm != chm)) {
    if (self->d->infh)  sys->close(self->d->infh);
    if (self->d->state) lzxd_free(self->d->state);
    self->d->chm    = chm;
    self->d->offset = 0;
    self->d->state  = NULL;
    self->d->infh   = sys->open(sys, chm->filename, MSPACK_SYS_OPEN_READ);
    if (!self->d->infh) return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_OPEN;
  }

  /* open file for output */
  if (!(fh = sys->open(sys, filename, MSPACK_SYS_OPEN_WRITE))) {
    return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_OPEN;
  }

  /* if file is empty, simply creating it is enough */
  if (!file->length) {
    sys->close(fh);
    return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_OK;
  }

  self->error = MSPACK_ERR_OK;

  switch (file->section->id) {
  case 0: /* Uncompressed section file */
    /* simple seek + copy */
    if (sys->seek(self->d->infh, file->section->chm->sec0.offset
                  + file->offset, MSPACK_SYS_SEEK_START))
    {
      self->error = MSPACK_ERR_SEEK;
    }
    else {
      unsigned char buf[512];
      off_t length = file->length;
      while (length > 0) {
        int run = sizeof(buf);
        if ((off_t)run > length) run = (int)length;
        if (sys->read(self->d->infh, &buf[0], run) != run) {
          self->error = MSPACK_ERR_READ;
          break;
        }
        if (sys->write(fh, &buf[0], run) != run) {
          self->error = MSPACK_ERR_WRITE;
          break;
        }
        length -= run;
      }
    }
    break;

  case 1: /* MSCompressed section file */
    /* (re)initialise compression state if we it is not yet initialised,
     * or we have advanced too far and have to backtrack
     */
    if (!self->d->state || (file->offset < self->d->offset)) {
      if (self->d->state) {
        lzxd_free(self->d->state);
        self->d->state = NULL;
      }
      if (chmd_init_decomp(self, file)) break;
    }

    /* seek to input data */
    if (sys->seek(self->d->infh, self->d->inoffset, MSPACK_SYS_SEEK_START)) {
      self->error = MSPACK_ERR_SEEK;
      break;
    }

    /* get to correct offset. */
    self->d->outfh = NULL;
    if ((bytes = file->offset - self->d->offset)) {
      self->error = lzxd_decompress(self->d->state, bytes);
    }

    /* if getting to the correct offset was error free, unpack file */
    if (!self->error) {
      self->d->outfh = fh;
      self->error = lzxd_decompress(self->d->state, file->length);
    }

    /* save offset in input source stream, in case there is a section 0
     * file between now and the next section 1 file extracted */
    self->d->inoffset = sys->tell(self->d->infh);

    /* if an LZX error occured, the LZX decompressor is now useless */
    if (self->error) {
      if (self->d->state) lzxd_free(self->d->state);
      self->d->state = NULL;
    }
    break;
  }

  sys->close(fh);
  return self->error;
}

/***************************************
 * CHMD_SYS_WRITE
 ***************************************
 * chmd_sys_write is the internal writer function which the decompressor
 * uses. If either writes data to disk (self->d->outfh) with the real
 * sys->write() function, or does nothing with the data when
 * self->d->outfh == NULL. advances self->d->offset.
 */
static int chmd_sys_write(struct mspack_file *file, void *buffer, int bytes) {
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self = (struct mschm_decompressor_p *) file;
  self->d->offset += bytes;
  if (self->d->outfh) {
    return self->system->write(self->d->outfh, buffer, bytes);
  }
  return bytes;
}

/***************************************
 * CHMD_INIT_DECOMP
 ***************************************
 * Initialises the LZX decompressor to decompress the compressed stream,
 * from the nearest reset offset and length that is needed for the given
 * file.
 */
static int chmd_init_decomp(struct mschm_decompressor_p *self,
                            struct mschmd_file *file)
{
  int window_size, window_bits, reset_interval, entry, err;
  struct mspack_system *sys = self->system;
  struct mschmd_sec_mscompressed *sec;
  unsigned char *data;
  off_t length, offset;

  sec = (struct mschmd_sec_mscompressed *) file->section;

  /* ensure we have a mscompressed content section */
  err = find_sys_file(self, sec, &sec->content, content_name);
  if (err) return self->error = err;

  /* ensure we have a ControlData file */
  err = find_sys_file(self, sec, &sec->control, control_name);
  if (err) return self->error = err;

  /* read ControlData */
  if (sec->control->length < lzxcd_SIZEOF) {
    D(("ControlData file is too short"))
    return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }
  if (!(data = read_sys_file(self, sec->control))) {
    D(("can't read mscompressed control data file"))
    return self->error;
  }

  /* check LZXC signature */
  if (EndGetI32(&data[lzxcd_Signature]) != 0x43585A4C) {
    sys->free(data);
    return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_SIGNATURE;
  }

  /* read reset_interval and window_size and validate version number */
  switch (EndGetI32(&data[lzxcd_Version])) {
  case 1:
    reset_interval = EndGetI32(&data[lzxcd_ResetInterval]);
    window_size    = EndGetI32(&data[lzxcd_WindowSize]);
    break;
  case 2:
    reset_interval = EndGetI32(&data[lzxcd_ResetInterval]) * LZX_FRAME_SIZE;
    window_size    = EndGetI32(&data[lzxcd_WindowSize])    * LZX_FRAME_SIZE;
    break;
  default:
    D(("bad controldata version"))
    sys->free(data);
    return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }

  /* free ControlData */
  sys->free(data);

  /* find window_bits from window_size */
  switch (window_size) {
  case 0x008000: window_bits = 15; break;
  case 0x010000: window_bits = 16; break;
  case 0x020000: window_bits = 17; break;
  case 0x040000: window_bits = 18; break;
  case 0x080000: window_bits = 19; break;
  case 0x100000: window_bits = 20; break;
  case 0x200000: window_bits = 21; break;
  default:
    D(("bad controldata window size"))
    return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }

  /* validate reset_interval */
  if (reset_interval == 0 || reset_interval % LZX_FRAME_SIZE) {
    D(("bad controldata reset interval"))
    return self->error = MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
  }

  /* which reset table entry would we like? */
  entry = file->offset / reset_interval;
  /* convert from reset interval multiple (usually 64k) to 32k frames */
  entry *= reset_interval / LZX_FRAME_SIZE;

  /* read the reset table entry */
  if (read_reset_table(self, sec, entry, &length, &offset)) {
    /* the uncompressed length given in the reset table is dishonest.
     * the uncompressed data is always padded out from the given
     * uncompressed length up to the next reset interval */
    length += reset_interval - 1;
    length &= -reset_interval;
  }
  else {
    /* if we can't read the reset table entry, just start from
     * the beginning. Use spaninfo to get the uncompressed length */
    entry = 0;
    offset = 0;
    err = read_spaninfo(self, sec, &length);
  }
  if (err) return self->error = err;

  /* get offset of compressed data stream:
   * = offset of uncompressed section from start of file
   * + offset of compressed stream from start of uncompressed section
   * + offset of chosen reset interval from start of compressed stream */
  self->d->inoffset = file->section->chm->sec0.offset + sec->content->offset + offset;

  /* set start offset and overall remaining stream length */
  self->d->offset = entry * LZX_FRAME_SIZE;
  length -= self->d->offset;

  /* initialise LZX stream */
  self->d->state = lzxd_init(&self->d->sys, self->d->infh,
                             (struct mspack_file *) self, window_bits,
                             reset_interval / LZX_FRAME_SIZE,
                             4096, length, 0);
  if (!self->d->state) self->error = MSPACK_ERR_NOMEMORY;
  return self->error;
}

/***************************************
 * READ_RESET_TABLE
 ***************************************
 * Reads one entry out of the reset table. Also reads the uncompressed
 * data length. Writes these to offset_ptr and length_ptr respectively.
 * Returns non-zero for success, zero for failure.
 */
static int read_reset_table(struct mschm_decompressor_p *self,
                            struct mschmd_sec_mscompressed *sec,
                            int entry, off_t *length_ptr, off_t *offset_ptr)
{
    struct mspack_system *sys = self->system;
    unsigned char *data;
    unsigned int pos, entrysize;

    /* do we have a ResetTable file? */
    int err = find_sys_file(self, sec, &sec->rtable, rtable_name);
    if (err) return 0;

    /* read ResetTable file */
    if (sec->rtable->length < lzxrt_headerSIZEOF) {
        D(("ResetTable file is too short"))
        return 0;
    }
    if (!(data = read_sys_file(self, sec->rtable))) {
        D(("can't read reset table"))
        return 0;
    }

    /* check sanity of reset table */
    if (EndGetI32(&data[lzxrt_FrameLen]) != LZX_FRAME_SIZE) {
        D(("bad reset table frame length"))
        sys->free(data);
        return 0;
    }

    /* get the uncompressed length of the LZX stream */
    if (read_off64(length_ptr, &data[lzxrt_UncompLen], sys, self->d->infh)) {
        sys->free(data);
        return 0;
    }

    entrysize = EndGetI32(&data[lzxrt_EntrySize]);
    pos = EndGetI32(&data[lzxrt_TableOffset]) + (entry * entrysize);

    /* ensure reset table entry for this offset exists */
    if (entry < EndGetI32(&data[lzxrt_NumEntries]) &&
        pos <= (sec->rtable->length - entrysize))
    {
        switch (entrysize) {
        case 4:
            *offset_ptr = EndGetI32(&data[pos]);
            err = 0;
            break;
        case 8:
            err = read_off64(offset_ptr, &data[pos], sys, self->d->infh);
            break;
        default:
            D(("reset table entry size neither 4 nor 8"))
            err = 1;
            break;
        }
    }
    else {
        D(("bad reset interval"))
        err = 1;
    }

    /* free the reset table */
    sys->free(data);

    /* return success */
    return (err == 0);
}

/***************************************
 * READ_SPANINFO
 ***************************************
 * Reads the uncompressed data length from the spaninfo file.
 * Returns zero for success or a non-zero error code for failure.
 */
static int read_spaninfo(struct mschm_decompressor_p *self,
                         struct mschmd_sec_mscompressed *sec,
                         off_t *length_ptr)
{
    struct mspack_system *sys = self->system;
    unsigned char *data;
    
    /* find SpanInfo file */
    int err = find_sys_file(self, sec, &sec->spaninfo, spaninfo_name);
    if (err) return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;

    /* check it's large enough */
    if (sec->spaninfo->length != 8) {
        D(("SpanInfo file is wrong size"))
        return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
    }

    /* read the SpanInfo file */
    if (!(data = read_sys_file(self, sec->spaninfo))) {
        D(("can't read SpanInfo file"))
        return self->error;
    }

    /* get the uncompressed length of the LZX stream */
    err = read_off64(length_ptr, data, sys, self->d->infh);
    sys->free(data);
    if (err) return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;

    if (*length_ptr <= 0) {
        D(("output length is invalid"))
        return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
    }

    return MSPACK_ERR_OK;
}

/***************************************
 * FIND_SYS_FILE
 ***************************************
 * Uses chmd_fast_find to locate a system file, and fills out that system
 * file's entry and links it into the list of system files. Returns zero
 * for success, non-zero for both failure and the file not existing.
 */
static int find_sys_file(struct mschm_decompressor_p *self,
                         struct mschmd_sec_mscompressed *sec,
                         struct mschmd_file **f_ptr, const char *name)
{
    struct mspack_system *sys = self->system;
    struct mschmd_file result;

    /* already loaded */
    if (*f_ptr) return MSPACK_ERR_OK;

    /* try using fast_find to find the file - return DATAFORMAT error if
     * it fails, or successfully doesn't find the file */
    if (chmd_fast_find((struct mschm_decompressor *) self, sec->base.chm,
                       name, &result, (int)sizeof(result)) || !result.section)
    {
        return MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
    }

    if (!(*f_ptr = (struct mschmd_file *) sys->alloc(sys, sizeof(result)))) {
        return MSPACK_ERR_NOMEMORY;
    }

    /* copy result */
    *(*f_ptr) = result;
    (*f_ptr)->filename = (char *) name;

    /* link file into sysfiles list */
    (*f_ptr)->next = sec->base.chm->sysfiles;
    sec->base.chm->sysfiles = *f_ptr;
    return MSPACK_ERR_OK;
}

/***************************************
 * READ_SYS_FILE
 ***************************************
 * Allocates memory for a section 0 (uncompressed) file and reads it into
 * memory.
 */
static unsigned char *read_sys_file(struct mschm_decompressor_p *self,
                                    struct mschmd_file *file)
{
  struct mspack_system *sys = self->system;
  unsigned char *data = NULL;
  int len;

  if (!file || !file->section || (file->section->id != 0)) {
    self->error = MSPACK_ERR_DATAFORMAT;
    return NULL;
  }

  len = (int) file->length;

  if (!(data = (unsigned char *) sys->alloc(sys, (size_t) len))) {
    self->error = MSPACK_ERR_NOMEMORY;
    return NULL;
  }
  if (sys->seek(self->d->infh, file->section->chm->sec0.offset
                + file->offset, MSPACK_SYS_SEEK_START))
  {
    self->error = MSPACK_ERR_SEEK;
    sys->free(data);
    return NULL;
  }
  if (sys->read(self->d->infh, data, len) != len) {
    self->error = MSPACK_ERR_READ;
    sys->free(data);
    return NULL;
  }
  return data;
}

/***************************************
 * CHMD_ERROR
 ***************************************
 * returns the last error that occurred
 */
static int chmd_error(struct mschm_decompressor *base) {
  struct mschm_decompressor_p *self = (struct mschm_decompressor_p *) base;
  return (self) ? self->error : MSPACK_ERR_ARGS;
}

/***************************************
 * READ_OFF64
 ***************************************
 * Reads a 64-bit signed integer from memory in Intel byte order.
 * If running on a system with a 64-bit off_t, this is simply done.
 * If running on a system with a 32-bit off_t, offsets up to 0x7FFFFFFF
 * are accepted, offsets beyond that cause an error message.
 */
static int read_off64(off_t *var, unsigned char *mem,
                      struct mspack_system *sys, struct mspack_file *fh)
{
#if LARGEFILE_SUPPORT
    *var = EndGetI64(mem);
#else
    *var = EndGetI32(mem);
    if ((*var & 0x80000000) || EndGetI32(mem+4)) {
        sys->message(fh, (char *)largefile_msg);
        return 1;
    }
#endif
    return 0;
}