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Performance_-LRB-film-RRB- | Performance is a 1970 British crime drama film directed by Donald Cammell and Nicolas Roeg , written by Cammell and photographed by Roeg . The film stars James Fox as a violent and ambitious London gangster who , after carrying out an unordered killing , goes into hiding at the home of a reclusive rock star -LRB- Mick Jagger of The Rolling Stones , in his film acting debut -RRB- . The film was produced in 1968 but not released until 1970 due to the reluctance of Warner Bros. to distribute the film because of its graphic violent and sexual content . It initially received a mixed critical response but gained a cult following , and since then its reputation has grown in stature ; it is now regarded as one of the most influential and innovative films of the 1970s as well as in British cinema . In 1999 , Performance was voted the 48th greatest British film of all time by the British Film Institute ; in 2008 Empire magazine ranked the film 182nd on its list of the 500 Greatest Movies of All Time . | 0 Performance is a 1970 British crime drama film directed by Donald Cammell and Nicolas Roeg , written by Cammell and photographed by Roeg . Donald Cammell Donald Cammell Nicolas Roeg Nicolas Roeg crime crime film drama drama (genre)
1 The film stars James Fox as a violent and ambitious London gangster who , after carrying out an unordered killing , goes into hiding at the home of a reclusive rock star -LRB- Mick Jagger of The Rolling Stones , in his film acting debut -RRB- . James Fox James Fox (actor) Mick Jagger Mick Jagger London London The Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones
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4 The film was produced in 1968 but not released until 1970 due to the reluctance of Warner Bros. to distribute the film because of its graphic violent and sexual content .
5 It initially received a mixed critical response but gained a cult following , and since then its reputation has grown in stature ; it is now regarded as one of the most influential and innovative films of the 1970s as well as in British cinema . British cinema Cinema of the United Kingdom
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8 In 1999 , Performance was voted the 48th greatest British film of all time by the British Film Institute ; in 2008 Empire magazine ranked the film 182nd on its list of the 500 Greatest Movies of All Time . 48th greatest British film of all time BFI Top 100 British films British Film Institute British Film Institute Empire magazine Empire magazine
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Pink_Floyd | Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London . They achieved international acclaim with their progressive and psychedelic music . Distinguished by their use of philosophical lyrics , sonic experimentation , extended compositions and elaborate live shows , they are one of the most commercially successful and influential groups in the history of popular music . Pink Floyd were founded in 1965 by students Syd Barrett on guitar and lead vocals , Nick Mason on drums , Roger Waters on bass and vocals , and Richard Wright on keyboards and vocals . They gained popularity performing in London 's underground music scene during the late 1960s , and under Barrett 's leadership released two charting singles and a successful debut album , The Piper at the Gates of Dawn -LRB- 1967 -RRB- . Guitarist and vocalist David Gilmour joined in December 1967 ; Barrett left in April 1968 due to deteriorating mental health . Waters became the band 's primary lyricist and conceptual leader , devising the concepts behind their albums The Dark Side of the Moon -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , Wish You Were Here -LRB- 1975 -RRB- , Animals -LRB- 1977 -RRB- , The Wall -LRB- 1979 -RRB- and The Final Cut -LRB- 1983 -RRB- . The Dark Side of the Moon and The Wall became two of the best-selling albums of all time . Following creative tensions , Wright left Pink Floyd in 1979 , followed by Waters in 1985 . Gilmour and Mason continued as Pink Floyd ; Wright rejoined them as a session musician and , later , a band member . The three produced two more albums -- A Momentary Lapse of Reason -LRB- 1987 -RRB- and The Division Bell -LRB- 1994 -RRB- -- and toured through 1994 . After nearly two decades of acrimony , Gilmour , Wright , and Mason reunited with Waters in 2005 to perform as Pink Floyd in London as part of the global awareness event Live 8 ; Gilmour and Waters later stated they have no plans to reunite as a band again . Barrett died in 2006 , and Wright in 2008 . The final Pink Floyd studio album , The Endless River -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , was recorded without Waters and based largely on unreleased material . Pink Floyd were inducted into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005 . By 2013 , the band had sold more than 250 million records worldwide , including 75 million certified units in the United States . | 0 Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London . London London rock Rock music
1 They achieved international acclaim with their progressive and psychedelic music . progressive progressive rock psychedelic psychedelic rock
2 Distinguished by their use of philosophical lyrics , sonic experimentation , extended compositions and elaborate live shows , they are one of the most commercially successful and influential groups in the history of popular music . live shows Pink Floyd live performances most commercially successful List of best-selling music artists
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5 Pink Floyd were founded in 1965 by students Syd Barrett on guitar and lead vocals , Nick Mason on drums , Roger Waters on bass and vocals , and Richard Wright on keyboards and vocals . Mason Nick Mason Barrett Syd Barrett Waters Roger Waters Wright Richard Wright (musician) Nick Mason Nick Mason Roger Waters Roger Waters Richard Wright Richard Wright (musician) Syd Barrett Syd Barrett
6 They gained popularity performing in London 's underground music scene during the late 1960s , and under Barrett 's leadership released two charting singles and a successful debut album , The Piper at the Gates of Dawn -LRB- 1967 -RRB- . Barrett Syd Barrett London London The Piper at the Gates of Dawn The Piper at the Gates of Dawn
7 Guitarist and vocalist David Gilmour joined in December 1967 ; Barrett left in April 1968 due to deteriorating mental health . Gilmour David Gilmour Barrett Syd Barrett David Gilmour David Gilmour mental health mental health
8 Waters became the band 's primary lyricist and conceptual leader , devising the concepts behind their albums The Dark Side of the Moon -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , Wish You Were Here -LRB- 1975 -RRB- , Animals -LRB- 1977 -RRB- , The Wall -LRB- 1979 -RRB- and The Final Cut -LRB- 1983 -RRB- . Waters Roger Waters concepts concept album The Dark Side of the Moon The Dark Side of the Moon Wish You Were Here Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd album) Animals Animals (Pink Floyd album) The Wall The Wall The Final Cut The Final Cut (album)
9 The Dark Side of the Moon and The Wall became two of the best-selling albums of all time . The Dark Side of the Moon The Dark Side of the Moon The Wall The Wall best-selling albums of all time List of best-selling albums
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12 Following creative tensions , Wright left Pink Floyd in 1979 , followed by Waters in 1985 . Waters Roger Waters Wright Richard Wright (musician)
13 Gilmour and Mason continued as Pink Floyd ; Wright rejoined them as a session musician and , later , a band member . Gilmour David Gilmour Mason Nick Mason Wright Richard Wright (musician)
14 The three produced two more albums -- A Momentary Lapse of Reason -LRB- 1987 -RRB- and The Division Bell -LRB- 1994 -RRB- -- and toured through 1994 . A Momentary Lapse of Reason A Momentary Lapse of Reason The Division Bell The Division Bell
15 After nearly two decades of acrimony , Gilmour , Wright , and Mason reunited with Waters in 2005 to perform as Pink Floyd in London as part of the global awareness event Live 8 ; Gilmour and Waters later stated they have no plans to reunite as a band again . Gilmour David Gilmour Mason Nick Mason Waters Roger Waters Wright Richard Wright (musician) London London Live 8 Live 8
16 Barrett died in 2006 , and Wright in 2008 . Barrett Syd Barrett Wright Richard Wright (musician)
17 The final Pink Floyd studio album , The Endless River -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , was recorded without Waters and based largely on unreleased material . Waters Roger Waters The Endless River The Endless River
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20 Pink Floyd were inducted into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005 . Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Rock and Roll Hall of Fame UK Music Hall of Fame UK Music Hall of Fame
21 By 2013 , the band had sold more than 250 million records worldwide , including 75 million certified units in the United States .
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Peter_Capaldi | Peter Dougan Capaldi -LRB- born 14 April 1958 -RRB- is a Scottish actor , writer and director , best known for playing the twelfth incarnation of the Doctor in the television series Doctor Who . His next most notable role is spin doctor Malcolm Tucker in The Thick of It , for which he has received four British Academy Television Award nominations , winning Best Male Comedy Performance in 2010 . For reprising the role in the spinoff film In the Loop , Capaldi was honoured with several film critic award nominations for Best Supporting Actor . He further took on the role of Paddington Bear 's neighbour Mr. Curry in the family comedy film Paddington ; he is set to reprise the role in Paddington 2 . As a director , Capaldi won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film and the BAFTA Award for Best Short Film for his short film Franz Kafka 's It 's a Wonderful Life . He went on to write and direct the drama film Strictly Sinatra and helmed two series of sitcom Getting On . | 0 Peter Dougan Capaldi -LRB- born 14 April 1958 -RRB- is a Scottish actor , writer and director , best known for playing the twelfth incarnation of the Doctor in the television series Doctor Who . twelfth incarnation of the Doctor Twelfth Doctor Doctor Who Doctor Who
1 His next most notable role is spin doctor Malcolm Tucker in The Thick of It , for which he has received four British Academy Television Award nominations , winning Best Male Comedy Performance in 2010 . spin doctor spin doctor Malcolm Tucker Malcolm Tucker The Thick of It The Thick of It British Academy Television Award British Academy Television Award Best Male Comedy Performance British Academy Television Award for Best Male Comedy Performance
2 For reprising the role in the spinoff film In the Loop , Capaldi was honoured with several film critic award nominations for Best Supporting Actor . In the Loop In the Loop (film)
3 He further took on the role of Paddington Bear 's neighbour Mr. Curry in the family comedy film Paddington ; he is set to reprise the role in Paddington 2 . Paddington Bear Paddington Bear Paddington Paddington (film) Paddington 2 Paddington 2
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6 As a director , Capaldi won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film and the BAFTA Award for Best Short Film for his short film Franz Kafka 's It 's a Wonderful Life . Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film BAFTA Award for Best Short Film BAFTA Award for Best Short Film
7 He went on to write and direct the drama film Strictly Sinatra and helmed two series of sitcom Getting On . Strictly Sinatra Strictly Sinatra Getting On Getting On (UK TV series)
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Pirates_of_the_Caribbean_-LRB-film_series-RRB- | Pirates of the Caribbean is a series of fantasy swashbuckler films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and based on Walt Disney 's theme park ride of the same name . Directors of the series include Gore Verbinski -LRB- 1 -- 3 -RRB- , Rob Marshall -LRB- 4 -RRB- , and Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg -LRB- 5 -RRB- . The series is primarily written by Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio -LRB- 1 -- 4 -RRB- ; other writers include Stuart Beattie -LRB- 1 -RRB- , Jay Wolpert -LRB- 1 -RRB- , and Jeff Nathanson -LRB- 5 -RRB- . The stories follow the adventures of Captain Jack Sparrow -LRB- Johnny Depp -RRB- , Will Turner -LRB- Orlando Bloom -RRB- , and Elizabeth Swann -LRB- Keira Knightley -RRB- . Characters such as Hector Barbossa -LRB- Geoffrey Rush -RRB- and Joshamee Gibbs -LRB- Kevin McNally -RRB- follow Jack , Will , and Elizabeth in the course of the films . The fourth film features Blackbeard -LRB- Ian McShane -RRB- and Angelica -LRB- Penélope Cruz -RRB- , while the fifth film features Armando Salazar -LRB- Javier Bardem -RRB- , Henry Turner -LRB- Brenton Thwaites -RRB- and Carina Smyth -LRB- Kaya Scodelario -RRB- . The films take place in a fictional historical setting ; a world ruled by the British Empire , the East India Trading Company -LRB- based on the real East India Company -RRB- , and the Spanish Empire , with pirates representing freedom from the ruling powers . The film series started in 2003 with Pirates of the Caribbean : The Curse of the Black Pearl , which received positive reviews from the critics and grossed US$ 654 million worldwide . After the first film 's success , Walt Disney Pictures revealed that a trilogy was in the works . The franchise 's second film , subtitled Dead Man 's Chest , was released three years later in 2006 ; the sequel proved successful , breaking financial records worldwide the day of its premiere . Dead Man 's Chest ended up being the number one film of the year upon earning almost $ 1.1 billion at the worldwide box office . The third film in the series , subtitled At World 's End , followed in 2007 , and Disney released a fourth film , subtitled On Stranger Tides , in 2011 in conventional 2D , Digital 3-D and IMAX 3D . On Stranger Tides succeeded in also grossing more than $ 1 billion , becoming the second film in the franchise and only the eighth film in history to achieve this . So far , the film franchise has grossed $ 4 billion worldwide ; it is the ninth highest-grossing film series of all-time and it was the first franchise where more than one film grossed $ 1 billion worldwide . | 0 Pirates of the Caribbean is a series of fantasy swashbuckler films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and based on Walt Disney 's theme park ride of the same name . Jerry Bruckheimer Jerry Bruckheimer Pirates of the Caribbean Pirates of the Caribbean (attraction) Walt Disney Walt Disney fantasy Fantasy film theme park ride of the same name Pirates of the Caribbean (attraction)
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3 Directors of the series include Gore Verbinski -LRB- 1 -- 3 -RRB- , Rob Marshall -LRB- 4 -RRB- , and Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg -LRB- 5 -RRB- . Gore Verbinski Gore Verbinski Rob Marshall Rob Marshall Joachim Rønning Joachim Rønning Espen Sandberg Espen Sandberg
4 The series is primarily written by Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio -LRB- 1 -- 4 -RRB- ; other writers include Stuart Beattie -LRB- 1 -RRB- , Jay Wolpert -LRB- 1 -RRB- , and Jeff Nathanson -LRB- 5 -RRB- . Ted Elliott Ted Elliott (screenwriter) Terry Rossio Terry Rossio Jeff Nathanson Jeff Nathanson Stuart Beattie Stuart Beattie Jay Wolpert Jay Wolpert
5 The stories follow the adventures of Captain Jack Sparrow -LRB- Johnny Depp -RRB- , Will Turner -LRB- Orlando Bloom -RRB- , and Elizabeth Swann -LRB- Keira Knightley -RRB- . Johnny Depp Johnny Depp Orlando Bloom Orlando Bloom Keira Knightley Keira Knightley Captain Jack Sparrow Jack Sparrow Will Turner Will Turner Elizabeth Swann Elizabeth Swann
6 Characters such as Hector Barbossa -LRB- Geoffrey Rush -RRB- and Joshamee Gibbs -LRB- Kevin McNally -RRB- follow Jack , Will , and Elizabeth in the course of the films . Geoffrey Rush Geoffrey Rush Kevin McNally Kevin McNally Hector Barbossa Hector Barbossa Joshamee Gibbs Joshamee Gibbs
7 The fourth film features Blackbeard -LRB- Ian McShane -RRB- and Angelica -LRB- Penélope Cruz -RRB- , while the fifth film features Armando Salazar -LRB- Javier Bardem -RRB- , Henry Turner -LRB- Brenton Thwaites -RRB- and Carina Smyth -LRB- Kaya Scodelario -RRB- . Penélope Cruz Penélope Cruz Ian McShane Ian McShane Javier Bardem Javier Bardem Brenton Thwaites Brenton Thwaites Kaya Scodelario Kaya Scodelario Blackbeard List of Pirates of the Caribbean characters#Blackbeard Angelica List of Pirates of the Caribbean characters#Angelica Armando Salazar List of Pirates of the Caribbean characters#Armando Salazar Henry Turner List of Pirates of the Caribbean characters#Henry Turner Carina Smyth List of Pirates of the Caribbean characters#Carina Smyth
8 The films take place in a fictional historical setting ; a world ruled by the British Empire , the East India Trading Company -LRB- based on the real East India Company -RRB- , and the Spanish Empire , with pirates representing freedom from the ruling powers . British Empire British Empire East India Trading Company East India Company Spanish Empire Spanish Empire
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11 The film series started in 2003 with Pirates of the Caribbean : The Curse of the Black Pearl , which received positive reviews from the critics and grossed US$ 654 million worldwide . Pirates of the Caribbean Pirates of the Caribbean (attraction) The Curse of the Black Pearl Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl
12 After the first film 's success , Walt Disney Pictures revealed that a trilogy was in the works . Walt Disney Walt Disney Walt Disney Pictures Walt Disney Pictures
13 The franchise 's second film , subtitled Dead Man 's Chest , was released three years later in 2006 ; the sequel proved successful , breaking financial records worldwide the day of its premiere .
14 Dead Man 's Chest ended up being the number one film of the year upon earning almost $ 1.1 billion at the worldwide box office .
15 The third film in the series , subtitled At World 's End , followed in 2007 , and Disney released a fourth film , subtitled On Stranger Tides , in 2011 in conventional 2D , Digital 3-D and IMAX 3D . On Stranger Tides Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides Digital 3-D Digital 3-D IMAX 3D IMAX 3D
16 On Stranger Tides succeeded in also grossing more than $ 1 billion , becoming the second film in the franchise and only the eighth film in history to achieve this . On Stranger Tides Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides
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19 So far , the film franchise has grossed $ 4 billion worldwide ; it is the ninth highest-grossing film series of all-time and it was the first franchise where more than one film grossed $ 1 billion worldwide . highest-grossing film series of all-time List of highest-grossing franchises and film series
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Pixar | Pixar -LRB- -LSB- ˈpɪksɑr -RSB- -RRB- , also referred to as Pixar Animation Studios , is an American computer animation film studio based in Emeryville , California that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company . Pixar began in 1979 as the Graphics Group , part of the Lucasfilm computer division , before its spin-out as a corporation in 1986 , with funding by Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs , who became the majority shareholder . Disney purchased Pixar in 2006 at a valuation of $ 7.4 billion , a transaction that resulted in Jobs becoming Disney 's largest single shareholder at the time . Pixar is best known for CGI-animated feature films created with RenderMan , Pixar 's own implementation of the industry-standard RenderMan image-rendering application programming interface , used to generate high-quality images . Pixar has produced seventeen feature films , beginning with Toy Story -LRB- 1995 -RRB- , which was the first-ever computer-animated feature film , and its most recent being Finding Dory -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . All 17 of its films have debuted with CinemaScore ratings of at least an `` A − , '' indicating positive receptions with audiences . The studio has also produced several short films . , its feature films have earned approximately $ 10.8 billion at the box office worldwide , with an average worldwide gross of $ 634 million per film . Finding Dory , along with its predecessor Finding Nemo -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , as well as Toy Story 3 -LRB- 2010 -RRB- are among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time , with the lattermost film being the third all-time highest-grossing animated film with a gross of $ 1.063 billion . Fourteen of Pixar 's films are also among the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time . The studio has earned sixteen Academy Awards , seven Golden Globe Awards , and eleven Grammy Awards , among many other awards and acknowledgments . Many of Pixar 's films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature since its inauguration in 2001 , with eight winning ; this includes Finding Nemo and Toy Story 3 , along with The Incredibles -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Ratatouille -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , WALL-E -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Up -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , Brave -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , and Inside Out -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . Monsters , Inc. -LRB- 2001 -RRB- and Cars -LRB- 2006 -RRB- are the only two films that were nominated for the award without winning it , while Cars 2 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Monsters University -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , The Good Dinosaur -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , and Finding Dory have not been nominated . Up and Toy Story 3 were also the respective second and third animated films to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture , the first being Walt Disney Animation Studios ' Beauty and the Beast -LRB- 1991 -RRB- . Luxo Jr. , a character from the studio 's 1986 short film of the same name , is the studio 's mascot . On September 6 , 2009 , Pixar executives John Lasseter , Brad Bird , Pete Docter , Andrew Stanton , and Lee Unkrich were presented with the Golden Lion award for Lifetime Achievement by the biennial Venice Film Festival . The award was presented by Lucasfilm 's founder George Lucas . | 0 Pixar -LRB- -LSB- ˈpɪksɑr -RSB- -RRB- , also referred to as Pixar Animation Studios , is an American computer animation film studio based in Emeryville , California that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company . Emeryville Emeryville, California California California computer animation computer animation film studio film studio The Walt Disney Company The Walt Disney Company
1 Pixar began in 1979 as the Graphics Group , part of the Lucasfilm computer division , before its spin-out as a corporation in 1986 , with funding by Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs , who became the majority shareholder . Lucasfilm Lucasfilm Steve Jobs Steve Jobs
2 Disney purchased Pixar in 2006 at a valuation of $ 7.4 billion , a transaction that resulted in Jobs becoming Disney 's largest single shareholder at the time .
3 Pixar is best known for CGI-animated feature films created with RenderMan , Pixar 's own implementation of the industry-standard RenderMan image-rendering application programming interface , used to generate high-quality images . CGI Computer-generated imagery RenderMan RenderMan Interface Specification rendering Rendering (computer graphics) application programming interface application programming interface
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6 Pixar has produced seventeen feature films , beginning with Toy Story -LRB- 1995 -RRB- , which was the first-ever computer-animated feature film , and its most recent being Finding Dory -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . seventeen feature films List of Pixar films Toy Story Toy Story Finding Dory Finding Dory
7 All 17 of its films have debuted with CinemaScore ratings of at least an `` A − , '' indicating positive receptions with audiences . CinemaScore CinemaScore
8 The studio has also produced several short films . several short films List of Pixar shorts
9 , its feature films have earned approximately $ 10.8 billion at the box office worldwide , with an average worldwide gross of $ 634 million per film .
10 Finding Dory , along with its predecessor Finding Nemo -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , as well as Toy Story 3 -LRB- 2010 -RRB- are among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time , with the lattermost film being the third all-time highest-grossing animated film with a gross of $ 1.063 billion . Toy Story Toy Story Finding Dory Finding Dory Finding Nemo Finding Nemo Toy Story 3 Toy Story 3 50 highest-grossing films of all time List of highest-grossing films
11 Fourteen of Pixar 's films are also among the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time . 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time List of highest-grossing animated films
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14 The studio has earned sixteen Academy Awards , seven Golden Globe Awards , and eleven Grammy Awards , among many other awards and acknowledgments . Academy Awards Academy Awards other awards and acknowledgments List of Pixar awards and nominations
15 Many of Pixar 's films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature since its inauguration in 2001 , with eight winning ; this includes Finding Nemo and Toy Story 3 , along with The Incredibles -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Ratatouille -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , WALL-E -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Up -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , Brave -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , and Inside Out -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . Toy Story Toy Story Finding Nemo Finding Nemo Toy Story 3 Toy Story 3 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Incredibles The Incredibles Ratatouille Ratatouille (film) WALL-E WALL-E Up Up (2009 film) Brave Brave (2012 film) Inside Out Inside Out (2015 film)
16 Monsters , Inc. -LRB- 2001 -RRB- and Cars -LRB- 2006 -RRB- are the only two films that were nominated for the award without winning it , while Cars 2 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Monsters University -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , The Good Dinosaur -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , and Finding Dory have not been nominated . Finding Dory Finding Dory Cars Cars (film) Cars 2 Cars 2 Monsters University Monsters University The Good Dinosaur The Good Dinosaur
17 Up and Toy Story 3 were also the respective second and third animated films to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture , the first being Walt Disney Animation Studios ' Beauty and the Beast -LRB- 1991 -RRB- . Toy Story Toy Story Toy Story 3 Toy Story 3 Up Up (2009 film) Academy Award for Best Picture Academy Award for Best Picture Walt Disney Animation Studios Walt Disney Animation Studios Beauty and the Beast Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)
18 Luxo Jr. , a character from the studio 's 1986 short film of the same name , is the studio 's mascot . 1986 short film of the same name Luxo Jr.
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21 On September 6 , 2009 , Pixar executives John Lasseter , Brad Bird , Pete Docter , Andrew Stanton , and Lee Unkrich were presented with the Golden Lion award for Lifetime Achievement by the biennial Venice Film Festival . John Lasseter John Lasseter Brad Bird Brad Bird Pete Docter Pete Docter Andrew Stanton Andrew Stanton Lee Unkrich Lee Unkrich Golden Lion Golden Lion Venice Film Festival Venice Film Festival
22 The award was presented by Lucasfilm 's founder George Lucas . Lucasfilm Lucasfilm George Lucas George Lucas
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Pennsylvania | Pennsylvania -LSB- pɛnsᵻlˈveɪnjə -RSB- -LRB- Pennsylvania German : Pennsylvaani or Pennsilfaani -RRB- , officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States . The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle . The commonwealth borders Delaware to the southeast , Maryland to the south , West Virginia to the southwest , Ohio to the west , Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest , New York to the north , and New Jersey to the east . Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest , the 5th most populous , and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States . The state 's five most populous cities are Philadelphia -LRB- 1,560,297 -RRB- , Pittsburgh -LRB- 305,801 -RRB- , Allentown -LRB- 118,577 -RRB- , Erie -LRB- 100,671 -RRB- , and Reading -LRB- 89,893 -RRB- . The state capital , and its ninth-largest city , is Harrisburg . Pennsylvania has 140 mi of shoreline along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary . The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States ; it came into being in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant to William Penn , the son of the state 's namesake . Part of Pennsylvania -LRB- along the Delaware River -RRB- , together with the present State of Delaware , had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden . It was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution , on December 12 , 1787 . Independence Hall , where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted , is located in the state 's largest city of Philadelphia . During the American Civil War , the Battle of Gettysburg , was fought in the south central region of the state . Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washington 's headquarters during the bitter winter of 1777 -- 78 . | 0 Pennsylvania -LSB- pɛnsᵻlˈveɪnjə -RSB- -LRB- Pennsylvania German : Pennsylvaani or Pennsilfaani -RRB- , officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States . Pennsylvania German Pennsylvania German language Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (song) state U.S. state northeastern Northeastern United States Mid-Atlantic Mid-Atlantic States United States United States
1 The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle . Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Mountains
2 The commonwealth borders Delaware to the southeast , Maryland to the south , West Virginia to the southwest , Ohio to the west , Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest , New York to the north , and New Jersey to the east . Delaware Delaware River commonwealth Commonwealth (U.S. state) Maryland Maryland West Virginia West Virginia Ohio Ohio Lake Erie Erie Triangle Canadian List of Canadian provinces and territories Ontario Ontario New York New York (state) New Jersey New Jersey Erie Erie, Pennsylvania
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5 Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest , the 5th most populous , and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States . Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (song) United States United States 33rd largest List of U.S. states and territories by area 5th most populous List of U.S. states and territories by population 9th most densely populated List of U.S. states and territories by population density 50 United States List of states and territories of the United States
6 The state 's five most populous cities are Philadelphia -LRB- 1,560,297 -RRB- , Pittsburgh -LRB- 305,801 -RRB- , Allentown -LRB- 118,577 -RRB- , Erie -LRB- 100,671 -RRB- , and Reading -LRB- 89,893 -RRB- . Philadelphia Philadelphia state U.S. state Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Allentown Allentown, Pennsylvania Erie Erie, Pennsylvania Reading Reading, Pennsylvania
7 The state capital , and its ninth-largest city , is Harrisburg . Harrisburg Harrisburg, Pennsylvania state U.S. state largest city List of cities in Pennsylvania
8 Pennsylvania has 140 mi of shoreline along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary . Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (song) Delaware Delaware River Lake Erie Erie Triangle Erie Erie, Pennsylvania
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11 The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States ; it came into being in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant to William Penn , the son of the state 's namesake . state U.S. state United States United States 13 original founding states 13 colonies William Penn William Penn
12 Part of Pennsylvania -LRB- along the Delaware River -RRB- , together with the present State of Delaware , had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden . Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (song) Delaware River Delaware River Delaware Delaware River
13 It was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution , on December 12 , 1787 . state U.S. state United States United States United States Constitution United States Constitution
14 Independence Hall , where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted , is located in the state 's largest city of Philadelphia . Philadelphia Philadelphia state U.S. state United States United States United States Constitution United States Constitution Independence Hall Independence Hall United States Declaration of Independence United States Declaration of Independence largest city List of cities in Pennsylvania
15 During the American Civil War , the Battle of Gettysburg , was fought in the south central region of the state . state U.S. state American Civil War American Civil War Battle of Gettysburg Battle of Gettysburg south central South Central Pennsylvania
16 Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washington 's headquarters during the bitter winter of 1777 -- 78 . Philadelphia Philadelphia Valley Forge Valley Forge National Historical Park General Washington George Washington
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Penny_Dreadful_-LRB-TV_series-RRB- | Penny Dreadful is a British-American horror drama television series created for Showtime and Sky by John Logan , who also acts as executive producer alongside Sam Mendes . The show was originally pitched to several US and UK channels , and eventually landed with Showtime , with Sky Atlantic as co-producer . It premiered at the South by Southwest film festival on March 9 and began airing on television on April 28 , 2014 , on Showtime on Demand . The series premiered on Showtime on May 11 , 2014 , the first in an eight-episode season . After the third-season finale on June 19 , 2016 , series creator John Logan announced that Penny Dreadful had ended as the main story had reached its conclusion . The title refers to the penny dreadfuls , a type of 19th-century British fiction publication with lurid and sensational subject matter . The series draws upon many public domain characters from 19th-century British and Irish fiction , including Dorian Gray from Oscar Wilde 's The Picture of Dorian Gray ; Mina Harker , Abraham Van Helsing , Dr. Seward , Renfield , and Count Dracula from Bram Stoker 's Dracula ; Victor Frankenstein and his monster from Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein ; and Dr. Henry Jekyll from Robert Louis Stevenson 's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde . | 0 Penny Dreadful is a British-American horror drama television series created for Showtime and Sky by John Logan , who also acts as executive producer alongside Sam Mendes . John Logan John Logan (writer) Sam Mendes Sam Mendes Showtime Showtime (TV network) Sky Sky (United Kingdom)
1 The show was originally pitched to several US and UK channels , and eventually landed with Showtime , with Sky Atlantic as co-producer . Showtime Showtime (TV network) Sky Sky (United Kingdom) Sky Atlantic Sky Atlantic
2 It premiered at the South by Southwest film festival on March 9 and began airing on television on April 28 , 2014 , on Showtime on Demand . Showtime Showtime (TV network) South by Southwest South by Southwest
3 The series premiered on Showtime on May 11 , 2014 , the first in an eight-episode season . Showtime Showtime (TV network)
4 After the third-season finale on June 19 , 2016 , series creator John Logan announced that Penny Dreadful had ended as the main story had reached its conclusion . John Logan John Logan (writer)
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7 The title refers to the penny dreadfuls , a type of 19th-century British fiction publication with lurid and sensational subject matter .
8 The series draws upon many public domain characters from 19th-century British and Irish fiction , including Dorian Gray from Oscar Wilde 's The Picture of Dorian Gray ; Mina Harker , Abraham Van Helsing , Dr. Seward , Renfield , and Count Dracula from Bram Stoker 's Dracula ; Victor Frankenstein and his monster from Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein ; and Dr. Henry Jekyll from Robert Louis Stevenson 's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde . public domain public domain Oscar Wilde Oscar Wilde The Picture of Dorian Gray The Picture of Dorian Gray Mina Harker Mina Harker Abraham Van Helsing Abraham Van Helsing Dr. Seward John Seward Renfield Renfield Count Dracula Count Dracula Bram Stoker Bram Stoker Dracula Dracula Victor Frankenstein Victor Frankenstein his monster Frankenstein's monster Mary Shelley Mary Shelley Frankenstein Frankenstein Dr. Henry Jekyll Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (character) Robert Louis Stevenson Robert Louis Stevenson Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
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Philadelphia | Philadelphia -LRB- -LSB- ˌfɪləˈdɛlfi.ə -RSB- -RRB- is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the sixth-most populous city in the United States , with an estimated population of 1,567,872 and more than 6 million in the seventh-largest metropolitan statistical area , . Philadelphia is the economic and cultural anchor of the Delaware Valleya region located in the Northeastern United States at the confluence of the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers with 7.2 million people residing in the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States . In 1682 , William Penn , an English Quaker , founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony . Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States , who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Constitution in 1787 . Several other key Philadelphia events during the Revolution include the First and Second Continental Congress , the preservation of the Liberty Bell , the Battle of Germantown , the Siege of Fort Mifflin , and the Philadelphia Convention . Philadelphia was one of the nation 's capitals in the Revolutionary War , and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington , D.C. , was under construction . In the 19th century , Philadelphia became a major industrial center and railroad hub that grew from an influx of European immigrants . The majority of European immigrants have come from Ireland , Italy and Germany -- the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city . The city became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration of the 20th century , as well as Puerto Ricans , surpassing two million occupants by 1950 . The area 's many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination , as the city has evolved into an educational and economic hub . With a gross domestic product of $ 388 billion , Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation . Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies . The Philadelphia skyline is growing , with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several nationally prominent skyscrapers . The city is known for its arts , culture , and rich history , attracting over 41 million domestic tourists alone in 2015 . Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city . Fairmount Park , when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the same watershed , is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States . The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $ 10 billion generated by tourism . Philadelphia is the birthplace of the United States Marine Corps , and is also the home of many U.S. firsts , including the first library -LRB- 1731 -RRB- , first hospital -LRB- 1751 -RRB- and medical school -LRB- 1765 -RRB- , first Capital -LRB- 1777 -RRB- , first stock exchange -LRB- 1790 -RRB- , first zoo -LRB- 1874 -RRB- , and first business school -LRB- 1881 -RRB- . Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States . | 0 Philadelphia -LRB- -LSB- ˌfɪləˈdɛlfi.ə -RSB- -RRB- is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the sixth-most populous city in the United States , with an estimated population of 1,567,872 and more than 6 million in the seventh-largest metropolitan statistical area , . Commonwealth Commonwealth (U.S. state) Philadelphia Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Pennsylvania sixth-most populous List of United States cities by population seventh-largest metropolitan statistical area List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas
1 Philadelphia is the economic and cultural anchor of the Delaware Valleya region located in the Northeastern United States at the confluence of the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers with 7.2 million people residing in the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States . Philadelphia Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania Northeastern United States Northeastern United States Delaware Delaware River Schuylkill Schuylkill River eighth-largest combined statistical area Table of United States Combined Statistical Areas
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4 In 1682 , William Penn , an English Quaker , founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony . William Penn William Penn Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Quaker Quakers Pennsylvania Colony Province of Pennsylvania
5 Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States , who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Constitution in 1787 . Philadelphia Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania American Revolution American Revolution Founding Fathers of the United States Founding Fathers of the United States Declaration of Independence United States Declaration of Independence Constitution United States Constitution
6 Several other key Philadelphia events during the Revolution include the First and Second Continental Congress , the preservation of the Liberty Bell , the Battle of Germantown , the Siege of Fort Mifflin , and the Philadelphia Convention . Liberty Bell Liberty Bell#Early days (1754–1846) Philadelphia Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania First Continental Congress Second Continental Congress Second Continental Congress Battle of Germantown Battle of Germantown Siege of Fort Mifflin Siege of Fort Mifflin Philadelphia Convention Constitutional Convention (United States)
7 Philadelphia was one of the nation 's capitals in the Revolutionary War , and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington , D.C. , was under construction . Philadelphia Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania D Democratic Party (United States) capitals List of capitals in the United States Revolutionary War American Revolutionary War
8 In the 19th century , Philadelphia became a major industrial center and railroad hub that grew from an influx of European immigrants . Philadelphia Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania immigrants Immigration
9 The majority of European immigrants have come from Ireland , Italy and Germany -- the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city . immigrants Immigration
10 The city became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration of the 20th century , as well as Puerto Ricans , surpassing two million occupants by 1950 . African Americans African Americans Great Migration Great Migration (African American) Puerto Ricans Puerto Ricans in the United States
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13 The area 's many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination , as the city has evolved into an educational and economic hub . Philadelphia Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania
14 With a gross domestic product of $ 388 billion , Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation . Philadelphia Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania
15 Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies . Philadelphia Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Fortune 1000 Fortune 1000
16 The Philadelphia skyline is growing , with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several nationally prominent skyscrapers . Philadelphia Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania 2016 United States Census Bureau Philadelphia skyline Philadelphia skyline
17 The city is known for its arts , culture , and rich history , attracting over 41 million domestic tourists alone in 2015 .
18 Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city . Philadelphia Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania
19 Fairmount Park , when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the same watershed , is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States . Fairmount Park Fairmount Park Wissahickon Valley Park Wissahickon Valley Park watershed Drainage basin urban park urban park
20 The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $ 10 billion generated by tourism . National Historic Landmarks List of National Historic Landmarks in Philadelphia
21 Philadelphia is the birthplace of the United States Marine Corps , and is also the home of many U.S. firsts , including the first library -LRB- 1731 -RRB- , first hospital -LRB- 1751 -RRB- and medical school -LRB- 1765 -RRB- , first Capital -LRB- 1777 -RRB- , first stock exchange -LRB- 1790 -RRB- , first zoo -LRB- 1874 -RRB- , and first business school -LRB- 1881 -RRB- . Philadelphia Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania United States Marine Corps United States Marine Corps firsts List of Pennsylvania firsts library Library Company of Philadelphia hospital Pennsylvania Hospital medical school Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Capital Carpenters' Hall stock exchange Philadelphia Stock Exchange zoo Philadelphia Zoo business school Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania
22 Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States . Philadelphia Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania World Heritage City Organization of World Heritage Cities
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Po_-LRB-river-RRB- | The Po -LRB- -LSB- poʊ -RSB- Padus and Eridanus ; Po -LSB- pɔ -RSB- ancient Ligurian : Bodincus or Bodencus ; Πάδος and Ἠριδανός -RRB- is a river that flows eastward across northern Italy . The Po flows either 652 km or 682 km -- considering the length of the Maira , a right bank tributary . The headwaters of the Po are a spring seeping from a stony hillside at Pian del Re , a flat place at the head of the Val Po under the northwest face of Monviso -LRB- in the Cottian Alps -RRB- . The Po ends at a delta projecting into the Adriatic Sea near Venice . It has a drainage area of 74,000 km ² in all , 70,000 in Italy , of which 41,000 is in montane environments and 29,000 on the plain . The Po is the longest river in Italy ; at its widest point its width is 503 m . The Po extends along the 45th parallel north . The river flows through many important Italian cities , including Turin -LRB- Torino -RRB- , Piacenza and Ferrara . It is connected to Milan through a net of channels called navigli , which Leonardo da Vinci helped design . Near the end of its course , it creates a wide delta -LRB- with hundreds of small channels and five main ones , called Po di Maestra , Po della Pila , Po delle Tolle , Po di Gnocca and Po di Goro -RRB- at the southern part of which is Comacchio , an area famous for eels . The Po valley was the territory of the Roman Cisalpine Gaul , divided into Cispadane Gaul -LRB- South of the Po -RRB- and Transpadane Gaul -LRB- North of the Po -RRB- . The Po begins in the Alps , and is in Italy , and flows eastward . The river is subject to heavy flooding . Consequently , over half its length is controlled with argini , or dikes . The slope of the valley decreases from 0.35 % in the west to 0.14 % in the east , a low gradient . There are 450 standing lakes . It is characterized by its large discharge -LRB- several rivers over 1,000 km have a discharge inferior or equal to the Po -RRB- . | 0 The Po -LRB- -LSB- poʊ -RSB- Padus and Eridanus ; Po -LSB- pɔ -RSB- ancient Ligurian : Bodincus or Bodencus ; Πάδος and Ἠριδανός -RRB- is a river that flows eastward across northern Italy . Italy Italy Ligurian Ligurian language (ancient)
1 The Po flows either 652 km or 682 km -- considering the length of the Maira , a right bank tributary . Maira Maira
2 The headwaters of the Po are a spring seeping from a stony hillside at Pian del Re , a flat place at the head of the Val Po under the northwest face of Monviso -LRB- in the Cottian Alps -RRB- . headwaters headwaters Val Po Val Po Monviso Monviso Cottian Alps Cottian Alps
3 The Po ends at a delta projecting into the Adriatic Sea near Venice . Adriatic Sea Adriatic Sea Venice Venice delta river delta
4 It has a drainage area of 74,000 km ² in all , 70,000 in Italy , of which 41,000 is in montane environments and 29,000 on the plain . Italy Italy montane montane
5 The Po is the longest river in Italy ; at its widest point its width is 503 m . Italy Italy
6 The Po extends along the 45th parallel north . 45th parallel north 45th parallel north
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9 The river flows through many important Italian cities , including Turin -LRB- Torino -RRB- , Piacenza and Ferrara . Turin Turin Piacenza Piacenza Ferrara Ferrara
10 It is connected to Milan through a net of channels called navigli , which Leonardo da Vinci helped design . Milan Milan channels Channel (geography) navigli navigli Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci
11 Near the end of its course , it creates a wide delta -LRB- with hundreds of small channels and five main ones , called Po di Maestra , Po della Pila , Po delle Tolle , Po di Gnocca and Po di Goro -RRB- at the southern part of which is Comacchio , an area famous for eels . channels Channel (geography) delta river delta Comacchio Comacchio
12 The Po valley was the territory of the Roman Cisalpine Gaul , divided into Cispadane Gaul -LRB- South of the Po -RRB- and Transpadane Gaul -LRB- North of the Po -RRB- . Cisalpine Gaul Cisalpine Gaul
13 The Po begins in the Alps , and is in Italy , and flows eastward . Italy Italy
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16 The river is subject to heavy flooding .
17 Consequently , over half its length is controlled with argini , or dikes . dikes Dike (construction)
18 The slope of the valley decreases from 0.35 % in the west to 0.14 % in the east , a low gradient .
19 There are 450 standing lakes .
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22 It is characterized by its large discharge -LRB- several rivers over 1,000 km have a discharge inferior or equal to the Po -RRB- . rivers over 1,000 km List of rivers by length
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Persian_Gulf | The Persian Gulf -LRB- -LSB- خلیج فارس , translit = Xalij-e Fârs , lit = Gulf of Fars -RSB- -RRB- is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia . The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean -LRB- Gulf of Oman -RRB- through the Strait of Hormuz and lies between Iran to the northeast and the Arabian Peninsula to the southwest . The Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline . The Persian Gulf was a battlefield of the 1980 -- 1988 Iran -- Iraq War , in which each side attacked the other 's oil tankers . It is the namesake of the 1991 Gulf War , the largely air - and land-based conflict that followed Iraq 's invasion of Kuwait . The gulf has many fishing grounds , extensive coral reefs , and abundant pearl oysters , but its ecology has been damaged by industrialization and oil spills . The body of water is historically and internationally known as the `` Persian Gulf '' . Some Arab governments refer to it as the `` Arabian Gulf '' or `` The Gulf '' , but neither term is recognized internationally . The name `` Gulf of Iran -LRB- Persian Gulf -RRB- '' is used by the International Hydrographic Organization . The Persian Gulf is geologically very young , having been formed around 15,000 years ago . | 0 The Persian Gulf -LRB- -LSB- خلیج فارس , translit = Xalij-e Fârs , lit = Gulf of Fars -RSB- -RRB- is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia . Western Asia Western Asia mediterranean sea Mediterranean sea (oceanography)
1 The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean -LRB- Gulf of Oman -RRB- through the Strait of Hormuz and lies between Iran to the northeast and the Arabian Peninsula to the southwest . Iran Iran Oman Oman Indian Ocean Indian Ocean Gulf of Oman Gulf of Oman Strait of Hormuz Strait of Hormuz Arabian Peninsula Arabian Peninsula
2 The Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline . Shatt al-Arab Shatt al-Arab river delta river delta
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5 The Persian Gulf was a battlefield of the 1980 -- 1988 Iran -- Iraq War , in which each side attacked the other 's oil tankers . Iran Iran Iraq Iraq
6 It is the namesake of the 1991 Gulf War , the largely air - and land-based conflict that followed Iraq 's invasion of Kuwait . Iraq Iraq Kuwait Kuwait Gulf War Gulf War
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9 The gulf has many fishing grounds , extensive coral reefs , and abundant pearl oysters , but its ecology has been damaged by industrialization and oil spills .
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12 The body of water is historically and internationally known as the `` Persian Gulf '' .
13 Some Arab governments refer to it as the `` Arabian Gulf '' or `` The Gulf '' , but neither term is recognized internationally . Arab governments Arab League
14 The name `` Gulf of Iran -LRB- Persian Gulf -RRB- '' is used by the International Hydrographic Organization . Iran Iran International Hydrographic Organization International Hydrographic Organization
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17 The Persian Gulf is geologically very young , having been formed around 15,000 years ago .
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Pitch_Perfect_3 | Pitch Perfect 3 is an upcoming American musical comedy film directed by Trish Sie and written by Kay Cannon , Mike White , and Dana Fox . A sequel to 2015 's Pitch Perfect 2 and the third installment in the Pitch Perfect series , the film will star Anna Kendrick , Anna Camp , Rebel Wilson , Brittany Snow , Hailee Steinfeld , Alexis Knapp , Ester Dean , Hana Mae Lee , Chrissie Fit , Kelley Jakle , and Shelley Regner as the Bellas and Elizabeth Banks and John Michael Higgins . The film is scheduled to be released on December 22 , 2017 . | 0 Pitch Perfect 3 is an upcoming American musical comedy film directed by Trish Sie and written by Kay Cannon , Mike White , and Dana Fox . Trish Sie Trish Sie Kay Cannon Kay Cannon Mike White Mike White (filmmaker) Dana Fox Dana Fox musical Musical film comedy film comedy film Pitch Perfect Pitch Perfect (film series)
1 A sequel to 2015 's Pitch Perfect 2 and the third installment in the Pitch Perfect series , the film will star Anna Kendrick , Anna Camp , Rebel Wilson , Brittany Snow , Hailee Steinfeld , Alexis Knapp , Ester Dean , Hana Mae Lee , Chrissie Fit , Kelley Jakle , and Shelley Regner as the Bellas and Elizabeth Banks and John Michael Higgins . Elizabeth Banks Elizabeth Banks Anna Kendrick Anna Kendrick Rebel Wilson Rebel Wilson Brittany Snow Brittany Snow Anna Camp Anna Camp Hailee Steinfeld Hailee Steinfeld Alexis Knapp Alexis Knapp Ester Dean Ester Dean Hana Mae Lee Hana Mae Lee Chrissie Fit Chrissie Fit Kelley Jakle Kelley Jakle Shelley Regner Shelley Regner John Michael Higgins John Michael Higgins Pitch Perfect 2 Pitch Perfect 2 Pitch Perfect Pitch Perfect (film series)
2 The film is scheduled to be released on December 22 , 2017 .
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Pluto | Pluto -LRB- minor-planet designation : 134340 Pluto -RRB- is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt , a ring of bodies beyond Neptune . It was the first Kuiper belt object to be discovered . Pluto was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930 and was originally considered to be the ninth planet from the Sun . After 1992 , its planethood was questioned following the discovery of several objects of similar size in the Kuiper belt . In 2005 , Eris , a dwarf planet in the scattered disc which is 27 % more massive than Pluto , was discovered . This led the International Astronomical Union -LRB- IAU -RRB- to define the term `` planet '' formally in 2006 , during their 26th General Assembly . That definition excluded Pluto and reclassified it as a dwarf planet . Pluto is the largest and second-most-massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System and the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object directly orbiting the Sun . It is the largest known trans-Neptunian object by volume but is less massive than Eris . Like other Kuiper belt objects , Pluto is primarily made of ice and rock and is relatively small -- about one-sixth the mass of the Moon and one-third its volume . It has a moderately eccentric and inclined orbit during which it ranges from 30 to 49 astronomical units or AU -LRB- 4.4 -- 7.4 billion km -RRB- from the Sun . This means that Pluto periodically comes closer to the Sun than Neptune , but a stable orbital resonance with Neptune prevents them from colliding . Light from the Sun takes about 5.5 hours to reach Pluto at its average distance -LRB- 39.5 AU -RRB- . Pluto has five known moons : Charon -LRB- the largest , with a diameter just over half that of Pluto -RRB- , Styx , Nix , Kerberos , and Hydra . Pluto and Charon are sometimes considered a binary system because the barycenter of their orbits does not lie within either body . On July 14 , 2015 , the New Horizons spacecraft became the first spacecraft to fly by Pluto . During its brief flyby , New Horizons made detailed measurements and observations of Pluto and its moons . In September 2016 , astronomers announced that the reddish-brown cap of the north pole of Charon is composed of tholins , organic macromolecules that may be ingredients for the emergence of life , and produced from methane , nitrogen and other gases released from the atmosphere of Pluto and transferred about 19,000 km to the orbiting moon . | 0 Pluto -LRB- minor-planet designation : 134340 Pluto -RRB- is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt , a ring of bodies beyond Neptune . Pluto Pluto (mythology) Kuiper belt Kuiper belt minor-planet designation minor-planet designation dwarf planet dwarf planet bodies beyond Neptune trans-Neptunian object planet planet Neptune Neptune
1 It was the first Kuiper belt object to be discovered . Kuiper belt Kuiper belt
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4 Pluto was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930 and was originally considered to be the ninth planet from the Sun . Pluto Pluto (mythology) Clyde Tombaugh Clyde Tombaugh ninth planet Planets beyond Neptune planet planet Sun Sun
5 After 1992 , its planethood was questioned following the discovery of several objects of similar size in the Kuiper belt . Kuiper belt Kuiper belt
6 In 2005 , Eris , a dwarf planet in the scattered disc which is 27 % more massive than Pluto , was discovered . Pluto Pluto (mythology) dwarf planet dwarf planet planet planet Eris Eris (dwarf planet) scattered disc scattered disc
7 This led the International Astronomical Union -LRB- IAU -RRB- to define the term `` planet '' formally in 2006 , during their 26th General Assembly . planet planet International Astronomical Union International Astronomical Union
8 That definition excluded Pluto and reclassified it as a dwarf planet . Pluto Pluto (mythology) dwarf planet dwarf planet planet planet
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11 Pluto is the largest and second-most-massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System and the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object directly orbiting the Sun . Pluto Pluto (mythology) dwarf planet dwarf planet planet planet Solar System Solar System Sun Sun
12 It is the largest known trans-Neptunian object by volume but is less massive than Eris . Eris Eris (dwarf planet)
13 Like other Kuiper belt objects , Pluto is primarily made of ice and rock and is relatively small -- about one-sixth the mass of the Moon and one-third its volume . Pluto Pluto (mythology) Kuiper belt Kuiper belt Moon Moon
14 It has a moderately eccentric and inclined orbit during which it ranges from 30 to 49 astronomical units or AU -LRB- 4.4 -- 7.4 billion km -RRB- from the Sun . Sun Sun eccentric orbital eccentricity
15 This means that Pluto periodically comes closer to the Sun than Neptune , but a stable orbital resonance with Neptune prevents them from colliding . Pluto Pluto (mythology) Sun Sun Neptune Neptune orbital resonance orbital resonance
16 Light from the Sun takes about 5.5 hours to reach Pluto at its average distance -LRB- 39.5 AU -RRB- . Pluto Pluto (mythology) 5 Moons of Pluto Sun Sun
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19 Pluto has five known moons : Charon -LRB- the largest , with a diameter just over half that of Pluto -RRB- , Styx , Nix , Kerberos , and Hydra . Pluto Pluto (mythology) five known moons moons of Pluto Charon Charon (moon) Styx Styx (moon) Nix Nix (moon) Kerberos Kerberos (moon) Hydra Hydra (moon)
20 Pluto and Charon are sometimes considered a binary system because the barycenter of their orbits does not lie within either body . Pluto Pluto (mythology) Charon Charon (moon) binary system binary system barycenter barycenter
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23 On July 14 , 2015 , the New Horizons spacecraft became the first spacecraft to fly by Pluto . New Horizons New Horizons Pluto Pluto (mythology) fly by planetary flyby
24 During its brief flyby , New Horizons made detailed measurements and observations of Pluto and its moons . New Horizons New Horizons Pluto Pluto (mythology)
25 In September 2016 , astronomers announced that the reddish-brown cap of the north pole of Charon is composed of tholins , organic macromolecules that may be ingredients for the emergence of life , and produced from methane , nitrogen and other gases released from the atmosphere of Pluto and transferred about 19,000 km to the orbiting moon . Pluto Pluto (mythology) methane methane Charon Charon (moon) organic organic compound emergence of life Abiogenesis nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of Pluto atmosphere of Pluto
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Pilot_-LRB-Twin_Peaks-RRB- | The pilot episode , also known as Northwest Passage , of the mystery television series Twin Peaks premiered on the ABC Network on Sunday , April 8 , 1990 . It was written by series creators Mark Frost and David Lynch , and directed by Lynch . The pilot follows the characters of Dale Cooper and Harry S. Truman as they investigate the death of popular high school student Laura Palmer ; Cooper believes the murder has connections to a murder case that occurred a year earlier . In addition to setting the tone for the show , the episode sets up several character and story arcs and marked the appearance of several recurring characters . The episode received a strong Nielsen household rating compared to other season one episodes and was well received by fans and critics alike . The original title for the series was Northwest Passage , but this was later changed . | 0 The pilot episode , also known as Northwest Passage , of the mystery television series Twin Peaks premiered on the ABC Network on Sunday , April 8 , 1990 . Twin Peaks Twin Peaks mystery Mystery (fiction) ABC Network American Broadcasting Company
1 It was written by series creators Mark Frost and David Lynch , and directed by Lynch . David Lynch David Lynch Mark Frost Mark Frost
2 The pilot follows the characters of Dale Cooper and Harry S. Truman as they investigate the death of popular high school student Laura Palmer ; Cooper believes the murder has connections to a murder case that occurred a year earlier . Laura Palmer Laura Palmer Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman (Twin Peaks) Dale Cooper Dale Cooper
3 In addition to setting the tone for the show , the episode sets up several character and story arcs and marked the appearance of several recurring characters .
4 The episode received a strong Nielsen household rating compared to other season one episodes and was well received by fans and critics alike . Nielsen household rating Nielsen ratings
5 The original title for the series was Northwest Passage , but this was later changed .
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Pi | The number is a mathematical constant , the ratio of a circle 's circumference to its diameter , commonly approximated as 3.14159 . It has been represented by the Greek letter '' '' since the mid-18th century , though it is also sometimes spelled out as `` pi '' -LRB- -LSB- paɪ -RSB- -RRB- . Being an irrational number , can not be expressed exactly as a fraction -LRB- equivalently , its decimal representation never ends and never settles into a permanent repeating pattern -RRB- . Still , fractions such as 22/7 and other rational numbers are commonly used to approximate . The digits appear to be randomly distributed . In particular , the digit sequence of is conjectured to satisfy a specific kind of statistical randomness , but to date no proof of this has been discovered . Also , is a transcendental number ; that is , a number that is not the root of any non-zero polynomial having rational coefficients . This transcendence of implies that it is impossible to solve the ancient challenge of squaring the circle with a compass and straightedge . Ancient civilizations required fairly accurate computed values for for practical reasons . It was calculated to seven digits , using geometrical techniques , in Chinese mathematics , and to about five digits in Indian mathematics in the 5th century AD . The historically first exact formula for , based on infinite series , was not available until a millennium later , when in the 14th century the Madhava -- Leibniz series was discovered in Indian mathematics . In the 20th and 21st centuries , mathematicians and computer scientists discovered new approaches that , when combined with increasing computational power , extended the decimal representation of to many trillions of digits after the decimal point . Practically all scientific applications require no more than a few hundred digits of , and many substantially fewer , so the primary motivation for these computations is the quest to find more efficient algorithms for calculating lengthy numeric series , as well as the desire to break records . The extensive calculations involved have also been used to test supercomputers and high-precision multiplication algorithms . Because its most elementary definition relates to the circle , is found in many formulae in trigonometry and geometry , especially those concerning circles , ellipses , and spheres . In more modern mathematical analysis , the number is instead defined using the spectral properties of the real number system , as an eigenvalue or a period , without any reference to geometry . It appears therefore in areas of mathematics and the sciences having little to do with the geometry of circles , such as number theory and statistics , as well as in almost all areas of physics . The ubiquity of makes it one of the most widely known mathematical constants both inside and outside the scientific community ; several books devoted to it have been published , the number is celebrated on Pi Day , and record-setting calculations of the digits of often result in news headlines . Attempts to memorize the value of with increasing precision have led to records of over 70,000 digits . | 0 The number is a mathematical constant , the ratio of a circle 's circumference to its diameter , commonly approximated as 3.14159 . mathematical constant mathematical constant ratio ratio circle circle circumference circumference diameter diameter
1 It has been represented by the Greek letter '' '' since the mid-18th century , though it is also sometimes spelled out as `` pi '' -LRB- -LSB- paɪ -RSB- -RRB- .
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4 Being an irrational number , can not be expressed exactly as a fraction -LRB- equivalently , its decimal representation never ends and never settles into a permanent repeating pattern -RRB- . irrational number irrational number fraction common fraction decimal representation decimal representation settles into a permanent repeating pattern repeating decimal
5 Still , fractions such as 22/7 and other rational numbers are commonly used to approximate . approximate Approximations of π rational Rational number
6 The digits appear to be randomly distributed . randomly distributed random sequence
7 In particular , the digit sequence of is conjectured to satisfy a specific kind of statistical randomness , but to date no proof of this has been discovered . specific kind of statistical randomness normal number
8 Also , is a transcendental number ; that is , a number that is not the root of any non-zero polynomial having rational coefficients . transcendental number transcendental number root Root of a polynomial polynomial polynomial rational Rational number
9 This transcendence of implies that it is impossible to solve the ancient challenge of squaring the circle with a compass and straightedge . circle circle squaring the circle squaring the circle compass and straightedge Compass-and-straightedge construction
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12 Ancient civilizations required fairly accurate computed values for for practical reasons .
13 It was calculated to seven digits , using geometrical techniques , in Chinese mathematics , and to about five digits in Indian mathematics in the 5th century AD . Chinese mathematics History of mathematics#Chinese mathematics Indian mathematics History of mathematics#Indian mathematics
14 The historically first exact formula for , based on infinite series , was not available until a millennium later , when in the 14th century the Madhava -- Leibniz series was discovered in Indian mathematics . Indian mathematics History of mathematics#Indian mathematics infinite series Series (mathematics)
15 In the 20th and 21st centuries , mathematicians and computer scientists discovered new approaches that , when combined with increasing computational power , extended the decimal representation of to many trillions of digits after the decimal point . decimal representation decimal representation computer scientists computer science
16 Practically all scientific applications require no more than a few hundred digits of , and many substantially fewer , so the primary motivation for these computations is the quest to find more efficient algorithms for calculating lengthy numeric series , as well as the desire to break records . algorithms algorithms
17 The extensive calculations involved have also been used to test supercomputers and high-precision multiplication algorithms . algorithms algorithms
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20 Because its most elementary definition relates to the circle , is found in many formulae in trigonometry and geometry , especially those concerning circles , ellipses , and spheres . circle circle trigonometry trigonometry geometry geometry
21 In more modern mathematical analysis , the number is instead defined using the spectral properties of the real number system , as an eigenvalue or a period , without any reference to geometry . geometry geometry mathematical analysis mathematical analysis real number real number eigenvalue eigenvalue period periodic function
22 It appears therefore in areas of mathematics and the sciences having little to do with the geometry of circles , such as number theory and statistics , as well as in almost all areas of physics . geometry geometry number theory number theory statistics statistics physics physics
23 The ubiquity of makes it one of the most widely known mathematical constants both inside and outside the scientific community ; several books devoted to it have been published , the number is celebrated on Pi Day , and record-setting calculations of the digits of often result in news headlines . Pi Day Pi Day
24 Attempts to memorize the value of with increasing precision have led to records of over 70,000 digits .
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Pierce_Brosnan | Pierce Brendan Brosnan , OBE -LRB- born 16 May 1953 -RRB- is an Irish actor , film producer , and activist who after leaving comprehensive school at age 16 , began training in commercial illustration . He then went on to train at the Drama Centre in London for three years . Following a stage acting career he rose to popularity in the television series Remington Steele -LRB- 1982 -- 87 -RRB- , which blended the genres of romantic comedy , drama , and detective procedural . After the conclusion of Remington Steele , Brosnan appeared in films such as the Cold War spy film The Fourth Protocol -LRB- 1987 -RRB- and the comedy Mrs. Doubtfire -LRB- 1993 -RRB- . In 1994 , Brosnan became the fifth actor to portray secret agent James Bond in the Eon Productions film series , starring in four films from 1995 to 2002 -LRB- GoldenEye , Tomorrow Never Dies , The World Is Not Enough and Die Another Day -RRB- . He lent his likeness for Bond in the video games James Bond 007 : Nightfire and James Bond 007 : Everything or Nothing , providing his voice for the latter . During this period , he also took the lead in other films including the epic disaster adventure film Dante 's Peak -LRB- 1997 -RRB- and the remake of the heist film The Thomas Crown Affair -LRB- 1999 -RRB- . Since leaving the role of Bond , he has starred in such films as the musical/romantic comedy Mamma Mia ! -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , the Roman Polanski-directed political thriller The Ghost Writer -LRB- 2010 -RRB- and the action spy thriller The November Man -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . In 1996 , along with Beau St. Clair , Brosnan formed Irish DreamTime , a Los Angeles-based production company . In later years , he has become known for his charitable work and environmental activism . He was married to Australian actress Cassandra Harris from 1980 until her death in 1991 . He married American journalist and author Keely Shaye Smith in 2001 , and became an American citizen in 2004 , holding dual citizenship in the United States and Ireland . He has earned two Golden Globe Award nominations , first for the television miniseries Nancy Astor -LRB- 1982 -RRB- and next for the dark comedy film The Matador -LRB- 2005 -RRB- . | 0 Pierce Brendan Brosnan , OBE -LRB- born 16 May 1953 -RRB- is an Irish actor , film producer , and activist who after leaving comprehensive school at age 16 , began training in commercial illustration . OBE Order of the British Empire Irish Irish people comprehensive school comprehensive school
1 He then went on to train at the Drama Centre in London for three years . Drama Centre Drama Centre
2 Following a stage acting career he rose to popularity in the television series Remington Steele -LRB- 1982 -- 87 -RRB- , which blended the genres of romantic comedy , drama , and detective procedural . Remington Steele Remington Steele
3 After the conclusion of Remington Steele , Brosnan appeared in films such as the Cold War spy film The Fourth Protocol -LRB- 1987 -RRB- and the comedy Mrs. Doubtfire -LRB- 1993 -RRB- . Remington Steele Remington Steele Cold War Cold War The Fourth Protocol The Fourth Protocol (film) Mrs. Doubtfire Mrs. Doubtfire
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6 In 1994 , Brosnan became the fifth actor to portray secret agent James Bond in the Eon Productions film series , starring in four films from 1995 to 2002 -LRB- GoldenEye , Tomorrow Never Dies , The World Is Not Enough and Die Another Day -RRB- . James Bond James Bond (character) Eon Productions Eon Productions film series James Bond in film GoldenEye GoldenEye Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies The World Is Not Enough The World Is Not Enough Die Another Day Die Another Day
7 He lent his likeness for Bond in the video games James Bond 007 : Nightfire and James Bond 007 : Everything or Nothing , providing his voice for the latter . James Bond James Bond (character)
8 During this period , he also took the lead in other films including the epic disaster adventure film Dante 's Peak -LRB- 1997 -RRB- and the remake of the heist film The Thomas Crown Affair -LRB- 1999 -RRB- . The Thomas Crown Affair The Thomas Crown Affair (1999 film)
9 Since leaving the role of Bond , he has starred in such films as the musical/romantic comedy Mamma Mia !
10 -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , the Roman Polanski-directed political thriller The Ghost Writer -LRB- 2010 -RRB- and the action spy thriller The November Man -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Roman Polanski Roman Polanski The Ghost Writer The Ghost Writer (film) The November Man The November Man
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13 In 1996 , along with Beau St. Clair , Brosnan formed Irish DreamTime , a Los Angeles-based production company . Irish Irish people Beau St. Clair Beau St. Clair
14 In later years , he has become known for his charitable work and environmental activism .
15 He was married to Australian actress Cassandra Harris from 1980 until her death in 1991 . Cassandra Harris Cassandra Harris
16 He married American journalist and author Keely Shaye Smith in 2001 , and became an American citizen in 2004 , holding dual citizenship in the United States and Ireland . Keely Shaye Smith Keely Shaye Smith
17 He has earned two Golden Globe Award nominations , first for the television miniseries Nancy Astor -LRB- 1982 -RRB- and next for the dark comedy film The Matador -LRB- 2005 -RRB- . Golden Globe Award Golden Globe Award Nancy Astor Nancy Astor (miniseries) The Matador The Matador
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Persuasion_-LRB-2007_film-RRB- | Persuasion is a 2007 British television film adaptation of Jane Austen 's novel Persuasion . It was directed by Adrian Shergold and the screenplay was written by Simon Burke . Sally Hawkins stars as the protagonist Anne Elliot , while Rupert Penry-Jones plays Frederick Wentworth . Eight years prior to the film 's beginning , Anne was persuaded to reject Wentworth 's proposal of marriage . Now 27 and unmarried , Anne re-encounters Wentworth , who has made his fortune in the Napoleonic Wars and is looking for a wife -- anyone but Anne , whom he has not forgiven for rejecting him all those years ago . Persuasion was one of three novels adapted for ITV 's Jane Austen season . It was the first of the three adaptations to begin development . The drama was co-produced by Clerkenwell Films and American studio WGBH Boston . Persuasion premiered on 1 April 2007 in the United Kingdom and was watched by 5.4 million viewers . Persuasion received mixed reviews from television critics . | 0 Persuasion is a 2007 British television film adaptation of Jane Austen 's novel Persuasion . Persuasion Persuasion (novel) Jane Austen Jane Austen television film television film
1 It was directed by Adrian Shergold and the screenplay was written by Simon Burke .
2 Sally Hawkins stars as the protagonist Anne Elliot , while Rupert Penry-Jones plays Frederick Wentworth . Sally Hawkins Sally Hawkins Rupert Penry-Jones Rupert Penry-Jones Anne Elliot Anne Elliot Frederick Wentworth Frederick Wentworth (Persuasion)
3 Eight years prior to the film 's beginning , Anne was persuaded to reject Wentworth 's proposal of marriage .
4 Now 27 and unmarried , Anne re-encounters Wentworth , who has made his fortune in the Napoleonic Wars and is looking for a wife -- anyone but Anne , whom he has not forgiven for rejecting him all those years ago . Napoleonic Wars Napoleonic Wars
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7 Persuasion was one of three novels adapted for ITV 's Jane Austen season . Persuasion Persuasion (novel) Jane Austen Jane Austen ITV ITV (TV network) Jane Austen season The Jane Austen Season
8 It was the first of the three adaptations to begin development .
9 The drama was co-produced by Clerkenwell Films and American studio WGBH Boston . Clerkenwell Films Clerkenwell Films WGBH Boston WGBH-TV
10 Persuasion premiered on 1 April 2007 in the United Kingdom and was watched by 5.4 million viewers . Persuasion Persuasion (novel)
11 Persuasion received mixed reviews from television critics . Persuasion Persuasion (novel)
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Pennsylvania_Chronicle | The Pennsylvania Chronicle and Universal Advertiser was an American colonial newspaper founded in 1767 that was published in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , prior to the American Revolution and was founded by William Goddard and his business partners Joseph Galloway and Thomas Wharton . Benjamin Franklin , an associate of Galloway , was also a partner with the Chronicle . The newspaper was established to challenge the power of the Penn family and ultimately the Crown authorities who at that time were placing laws and taxes on the colonists without fair representation in the British Parliament . The Chronicle was published once a week on a Monday , the first issue being released on January 6 , 1767 , and was printed from a new Bourgeois type set by Goddard 's printing company in Philadelphia , The New Printing Office , on Market-Street , near the Post-Office . The annual subscription rate was ten shillings . The publication maintained operations from January 6 , 1767 , until February 8 , 1774 . In 1768 William 's sister , Mary Katherine Goddard who later became famous for being the first woman to be a postmaster in Maryland , later joined and managed her brother 's printing office in Philadelphia . By 1770 the Pennsylvania Chronicle had a circulation of about twenty-five hundred , making it one of the most successful colonial newspapers . In the middle of the 18th century most of the printing presses that were in use in the American colonies were imported from England . Isaac Doolittle , a New-Haven watch and clock-maker , built the mahogany printing press for Goddard 's Pennsylvania Chronicle in Philadelphia . It was the first printing press built in the American colonies . Goddard 's newspaper was not without its competition . A rival Philadelphia printer , William Bradford III , founder of The Pennsylvania Journal and Weekly Advertiser in 1742 conducted a newspaper war against Goddard that digressed into personal attacks . During this time Galloway and Wharton had sold their shares of the Chronicle to a Robert Towne , who in turn made many attempts to persuade Goddard to sell his newspaper to him . After Goddard publicly criticized Galloway and Wharton he subsequently found himself jailed for debt in September 1771 , no doubt at the prompting of the influential Galloway . | 0 The Pennsylvania Chronicle and Universal Advertiser was an American colonial newspaper founded in 1767 that was published in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , prior to the American Revolution and was founded by William Goddard and his business partners Joseph Galloway and Thomas Wharton . American Revolution American Revolution William Goddard William Goddard (US patriot/publisher) Joseph Galloway Joseph Galloway Thomas Wharton Thomas Wharton Jr.
1 Benjamin Franklin , an associate of Galloway , was also a partner with the Chronicle . Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin
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4 The newspaper was established to challenge the power of the Penn family and ultimately the Crown authorities who at that time were placing laws and taxes on the colonists without fair representation in the British Parliament .
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7 The Chronicle was published once a week on a Monday , the first issue being released on January 6 , 1767 , and was printed from a new Bourgeois type set by Goddard 's printing company in Philadelphia , The New Printing Office , on Market-Street , near the Post-Office .
8 The annual subscription rate was ten shillings .
9 The publication maintained operations from January 6 , 1767 , until February 8 , 1774 .
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12 In 1768 William 's sister , Mary Katherine Goddard who later became famous for being the first woman to be a postmaster in Maryland , later joined and managed her brother 's printing office in Philadelphia . Mary Katherine Goddard Mary Katherine Goddard
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15 By 1770 the Pennsylvania Chronicle had a circulation of about twenty-five hundred , making it one of the most successful colonial newspapers .
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18 In the middle of the 18th century most of the printing presses that were in use in the American colonies were imported from England .
19 Isaac Doolittle , a New-Haven watch and clock-maker , built the mahogany printing press for Goddard 's Pennsylvania Chronicle in Philadelphia .
20 It was the first printing press built in the American colonies .
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23 Goddard 's newspaper was not without its competition .
24 A rival Philadelphia printer , William Bradford III , founder of The Pennsylvania Journal and Weekly Advertiser in 1742 conducted a newspaper war against Goddard that digressed into personal attacks . William Bradford III William Bradford (American Revolutionary printer)
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27 During this time Galloway and Wharton had sold their shares of the Chronicle to a Robert Towne , who in turn made many attempts to persuade Goddard to sell his newspaper to him .
28 After Goddard publicly criticized Galloway and Wharton he subsequently found himself jailed for debt in September 1771 , no doubt at the prompting of the influential Galloway .
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Plutonium | Plutonium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Pu and atomic number 94 . It is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air , and forms a dull coating when oxidized . The element normally exhibits six allotropes and four oxidation states . It reacts with carbon , halogens , nitrogen , silicon and hydrogen . When exposed to moist air , it forms oxides and hydrides that can expand the sample up to 70 % in volume , which in turn flake off as a powder that is pyrophoric . It is radioactive and can accumulate in bones , which makes the handling of plutonium dangerous . Plutonium was first produced and isolated on December 14 , 1940 by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg , Joseph W. Kennedy , Edwin M. McMillan , and Arthur C. Wahl by deuteron bombardment of uranium-238 in the 60-inch cyclotron at the University of California , Berkeley . They first synthesized neptunium-238 -LRB- half-life 2.1 days -RRB- which subsequently beta-decayed to form a new element with atomic number 94 and atomic weight 238 -LRB- half-life 87.7 years -RRB- . Uranium had been named after the planet Uranus and neptunium after the planet Neptune , and so element 94 was named after Pluto , which at the time was considered to be a planet as well . Wartime secrecy prevented them from announcing the discovery until 1948 . Plutonium is the element with the highest atomic number to occur in nature , as trace quantities similarly arise from natural uranium-238 capturing neutrons . Plutonium is much more common on Earth since 1945 as a product of neutron capture and beta decay , where some of the neutrons released by the fission process convert uranium-238 nuclei into plutonium-239 . Both plutonium-239 and plutonium-241 are fissile , meaning that they can sustain a nuclear chain reaction , leading to applications in nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors . Plutonium-240 exhibits a high rate of spontaneous fission , raising the neutron flux of any sample containing it . The presence of plutonium-240 limits a plutonium sample 's usability for weapons or its quality as reactor fuel , and the percentage of plutonium-240 determines its grade -LRB- weapons-grade , fuel-grade , or reactor-grade -RRB- . Plutonium-238 has a half-life of 88 years and emits alpha particles . It is a heat source in radioisotope thermoelectric generators , which are used to power some spacecraft . Plutonium isotopes are expensive and inconvenient to separate , so particular isotopes are usually manufactured in specialized reactors . Producing plutonium in useful quantities for the first time was a major part of the Manhattan Project during World War II that developed the first atomic bombs . The Fat Man bombs used in the Trinity nuclear test in July 1945 , and in the bombing of Nagasaki in August 1945 , had plutonium cores . Human radiation experiments studying plutonium were conducted without informed consent , and several criticality accidents , some lethal , occurred after the war . Disposal of plutonium waste from nuclear power plants and dismantled nuclear weapons built during the Cold War is a nuclear-proliferation and environmental concern . Other sources of plutonium in the environment are fallout from numerous above-ground nuclear tests , now banned . | 0 Plutonium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Pu and atomic number 94 . transuranic transuranium element radioactive radioactive chemical element chemical element symbol chemical symbol atomic number atomic number
1 It is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air , and forms a dull coating when oxidized . actinide actinide metal metal oxidized plutonium(IV) oxide
2 The element normally exhibits six allotropes and four oxidation states .
3 It reacts with carbon , halogens , nitrogen , silicon and hydrogen . carbon carbon nitrogen nitrogen silicon silicon hydrogen hydrogen
4 When exposed to moist air , it forms oxides and hydrides that can expand the sample up to 70 % in volume , which in turn flake off as a powder that is pyrophoric . pyrophoric pyrophoricity
5 It is radioactive and can accumulate in bones , which makes the handling of plutonium dangerous . radioactive radioactive
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7
8 Plutonium was first produced and isolated on December 14 , 1940 by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg , Joseph W. Kennedy , Edwin M. McMillan , and Arthur C. Wahl by deuteron bombardment of uranium-238 in the 60-inch cyclotron at the University of California , Berkeley . Glenn T. Seaborg Glenn T. Seaborg Joseph W. Kennedy Joseph W. Kennedy Edwin M. McMillan Edwin M. McMillan Arthur C. Wahl Arthur C. Wahl uranium-238 uranium-238 cyclotron cyclotron
9 They first synthesized neptunium-238 -LRB- half-life 2.1 days -RRB- which subsequently beta-decayed to form a new element with atomic number 94 and atomic weight 238 -LRB- half-life 87.7 years -RRB- . atomic number atomic number neptunium-238 neptunium-238 half-life half-life neptunium neptunium
10 Uranium had been named after the planet Uranus and neptunium after the planet Neptune , and so element 94 was named after Pluto , which at the time was considered to be a planet as well . Uranium Uranium Uranus Uranus neptunium neptunium Neptune Neptune Pluto Pluto
11 Wartime secrecy prevented them from announcing the discovery until 1948 .
12 Plutonium is the element with the highest atomic number to occur in nature , as trace quantities similarly arise from natural uranium-238 capturing neutrons . atomic number atomic number uranium-238 uranium-238
13 Plutonium is much more common on Earth since 1945 as a product of neutron capture and beta decay , where some of the neutrons released by the fission process convert uranium-238 nuclei into plutonium-239 . uranium-238 uranium-238 neutron capture neutron capture beta decay beta decay neutron neutron fission nuclear fission plutonium-239 plutonium-239
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16 Both plutonium-239 and plutonium-241 are fissile , meaning that they can sustain a nuclear chain reaction , leading to applications in nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors . plutonium-239 plutonium-239 plutonium-241 plutonium-241 fissile fissile nuclear chain reaction nuclear chain reaction
17 Plutonium-240 exhibits a high rate of spontaneous fission , raising the neutron flux of any sample containing it . neutron neutron fission nuclear fission Plutonium-240 Plutonium-240 spontaneous fission spontaneous fission neutron flux neutron flux
18 The presence of plutonium-240 limits a plutonium sample 's usability for weapons or its quality as reactor fuel , and the percentage of plutonium-240 determines its grade -LRB- weapons-grade , fuel-grade , or reactor-grade -RRB- . grade reactor-grade plutonium weapons-grade weapons-grade
19 Plutonium-238 has a half-life of 88 years and emits alpha particles . half-life half-life Plutonium-238 Plutonium-238
20 It is a heat source in radioisotope thermoelectric generators , which are used to power some spacecraft . spacecraft spacecraft
21 Plutonium isotopes are expensive and inconvenient to separate , so particular isotopes are usually manufactured in specialized reactors .
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24 Producing plutonium in useful quantities for the first time was a major part of the Manhattan Project during World War II that developed the first atomic bombs . Manhattan Project Manhattan Project World War II World War II
25 The Fat Man bombs used in the Trinity nuclear test in July 1945 , and in the bombing of Nagasaki in August 1945 , had plutonium cores . Fat Man Fat Man Trinity Trinity (nuclear test) nuclear test nuclear test bombing of Nagasaki bombing of Nagasaki
26 Human radiation experiments studying plutonium were conducted without informed consent , and several criticality accidents , some lethal , occurred after the war . Human radiation experiments Human radiation experiments informed consent informed consent
27 Disposal of plutonium waste from nuclear power plants and dismantled nuclear weapons built during the Cold War is a nuclear-proliferation and environmental concern . plutonium waste nuclear waste dismantled nuclear weapons nuclear disarmament Cold War Cold War nuclear-proliferation nuclear proliferation
28 Other sources of plutonium in the environment are fallout from numerous above-ground nuclear tests , now banned . plutonium in the environment plutonium in the environment fallout nuclear fallout banned Partial Test Ban Treaty
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Personal_computer | A personal computer -LRB- PC -RRB- is a multi-purpose electronic computer whose size , capabilities , and price make it feasible for individual use . PCs are intended to be operated directly by an end user , rather than by a computer expert or technician . `` Computers were invented to ` compute ' : to solve complex mathematical problems , but today , due to media dependency and the everyday use of computers , it is seen that ` computing ' is the least important thing computers do . '' The computer time-sharing models that were typically used with larger , more expensive minicomputer and mainframe systems , to enable them be used by many people at the same time , are not used with PCs . Early computer owners in the 1960s , invariably institutional or corporate , had to write their own programs to do any useful work with the machines . In the 2010s , personal computer users have access to a wide range of commercial software , free software -LRB- `` freeware '' -RRB- and free and open-source software , which are provided in ready-to-run form . Software for personal computers is typically developed and distributed independently from the hardware or OS manufacturers . Many personal computer users no longer need to write their own programs to make any use of a personal computer , although end-user programming is still feasible . This contrasts with systems such as smartphones or tablet computers , where software is often only available through a manufacturer-supported channel , and end-user program development may be discouraged by lack of support by the manufacturer . Since the early 1990s , Microsoft operating systems and Intel hardware have dominated much of the personal computer market , first with MS-DOS and then with Windows . Alternatives to Microsoft 's Windows operating systems occupy a minority share of the industry . These include Apple 's macOS and free open-source Unix-like operating systems such as Linux and BSD . Advanced Micro Devices -LRB- AMD -RRB- provides the main alternative to Intel 's processors . | 0 A personal computer -LRB- PC -RRB- is a multi-purpose electronic computer whose size , capabilities , and price make it feasible for individual use . electronic computer electronic computer
1 PCs are intended to be operated directly by an end user , rather than by a computer expert or technician . end user end user
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3
4 `` Computers were invented to ` compute ' : to solve complex mathematical problems , but today , due to media dependency and the everyday use of computers , it is seen that ` computing ' is the least important thing computers do . ''
5 The computer time-sharing models that were typically used with larger , more expensive minicomputer and mainframe systems , to enable them be used by many people at the same time , are not used with PCs . time-sharing time-sharing minicomputer minicomputer mainframe mainframe computer
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7
8 Early computer owners in the 1960s , invariably institutional or corporate , had to write their own programs to do any useful work with the machines .
9 In the 2010s , personal computer users have access to a wide range of commercial software , free software -LRB- `` freeware '' -RRB- and free and open-source software , which are provided in ready-to-run form . commercial software commercial software freeware freeware free and open-source software free and open-source software
10 Software for personal computers is typically developed and distributed independently from the hardware or OS manufacturers .
11 Many personal computer users no longer need to write their own programs to make any use of a personal computer , although end-user programming is still feasible .
12 This contrasts with systems such as smartphones or tablet computers , where software is often only available through a manufacturer-supported channel , and end-user program development may be discouraged by lack of support by the manufacturer .
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15 Since the early 1990s , Microsoft operating systems and Intel hardware have dominated much of the personal computer market , first with MS-DOS and then with Windows . Microsoft Microsoft Intel Intel MS-DOS MS-DOS Windows Microsoft Windows
16 Alternatives to Microsoft 's Windows operating systems occupy a minority share of the industry . Microsoft Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows
17 These include Apple 's macOS and free open-source Unix-like operating systems such as Linux and BSD . Apple Apple Inc. macOS macOS free open-source Free and open-source software Unix-like Unix-like Linux Linux BSD Berkeley Software Distribution
18 Advanced Micro Devices -LRB- AMD -RRB- provides the main alternative to Intel 's processors . Intel Intel Advanced Micro Devices Advanced Micro Devices processors central processing units
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Pete_Best | Randolph Peter `` Pete '' Best -LRB- born Randolph Peter Scanland , 24 November 1941 -RRB- is an English musician , principally known as an original member and first drummer of the Beatles , from 1960 to 1962 . Best was born in the city of Madras , then part of British India . After Best 's mother , Mona Best -LRB- 1924 -- 1988 -RRB- , moved to Liverpool in 1945 , she opened the Casbah Coffee Club in the cellar of the Bests ' house in Liverpool . The Beatles -LRB- at the time known as the Quarrymen -RRB- played some of their first concerts at the club . The Beatles invited Best to join on 12 August 1960 , on the eve of the group 's first Hamburg season of club dates . Ringo Starr eventually replaced Best on 16 August 1962 when the group 's manager , Brian Epstein , dismissed Best under the direction of John Lennon , Paul McCartney , and George Harrison , following their first recording session at Abbey Road Studios in London . After working in a number of commercially unsuccessful groups , Best gave up the music industry to work as a civil servant for 20 years , before starting the Pete Best Band . He has been married for over 50 years to Kathy Best ; they have two daughters , Beba and Bonita , and four grandchildren . | 0 Randolph Peter `` Pete '' Best -LRB- born Randolph Peter Scanland , 24 November 1941 -RRB- is an English musician , principally known as an original member and first drummer of the Beatles , from 1960 to 1962 . the Beatles the Beatles
1
2
3 Best was born in the city of Madras , then part of British India . Madras Chennai British India British Raj
4 After Best 's mother , Mona Best -LRB- 1924 -- 1988 -RRB- , moved to Liverpool in 1945 , she opened the Casbah Coffee Club in the cellar of the Bests ' house in Liverpool . Liverpool Liverpool Mona Best Mona Best the Casbah Coffee Club the Casbah Coffee Club
5 The Beatles -LRB- at the time known as the Quarrymen -RRB- played some of their first concerts at the club . The Beatles The Beatles the Quarrymen the Quarrymen
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8 The Beatles invited Best to join on 12 August 1960 , on the eve of the group 's first Hamburg season of club dates . The Beatles The Beatles Hamburg Hamburg
9 Ringo Starr eventually replaced Best on 16 August 1962 when the group 's manager , Brian Epstein , dismissed Best under the direction of John Lennon , Paul McCartney , and George Harrison , following their first recording session at Abbey Road Studios in London . Ringo Starr Ringo Starr Brian Epstein Brian Epstein John Lennon John Lennon Paul McCartney Paul McCartney George Harrison George Harrison Abbey Road Studios EMI Studios London London
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12 After working in a number of commercially unsuccessful groups , Best gave up the music industry to work as a civil servant for 20 years , before starting the Pete Best Band . civil servant civil servant
13 He has been married for over 50 years to Kathy Best ; they have two daughters , Beba and Bonita , and four grandchildren .
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Pet | A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person 's company , protection , and/or entertainment rather than as a working animal , sport animal , livestock , or laboratory animal . Popular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances , and their loyal or playful personalities . Pets provide their owners -LRB- or guardians -RRB- physical and emotional benefits . Walking a dog can supply both the human and pet with exercise , fresh air , and social interaction . Pets can give companionship to elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people , as well as to other people who are living alone . There is a medically approved class of therapy animals , mostly dogs or cats , that are brought to visit confined humans . Pet therapy utilizes trained animals and handlers to achieve specific physical , social , cognitive , and emotional goals with patients . The most popular pets are likely dogs and cats but people also keep house rabbits , ferrets ; rodents such as gerbils , hamsters , chinchillas , fancy rats , and guinea pigs ; avian pets , such as canaries , parakeets , corvids , parrots , and chickens ; reptile pets , such as turtles , lizards and snakes ; aquatic pets , such as goldfish , tropical fish and frogs ; and arthropod pets , such as tarantulas and hermit crabs . Some scholars and animal rights organizations have raised concern over pet-keeping with regards to the autonomy and objectification of nonhuman animals . | 0 A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person 's company , protection , and/or entertainment rather than as a working animal , sport animal , livestock , or laboratory animal . animal animal working animal working animal sport animal sport animal livestock livestock laboratory animal laboratory animal
1 Popular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances , and their loyal or playful personalities .
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4 Pets provide their owners -LRB- or guardians -RRB- physical and emotional benefits .
5 Walking a dog can supply both the human and pet with exercise , fresh air , and social interaction . dog dog social interaction social interaction
6 Pets can give companionship to elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people , as well as to other people who are living alone . social interaction social interaction
7 There is a medically approved class of therapy animals , mostly dogs or cats , that are brought to visit confined humans . therapy animals Animal-assisted therapy
8 Pet therapy utilizes trained animals and handlers to achieve specific physical , social , cognitive , and emotional goals with patients .
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11 The most popular pets are likely dogs and cats but people also keep house rabbits , ferrets ; rodents such as gerbils , hamsters , chinchillas , fancy rats , and guinea pigs ; avian pets , such as canaries , parakeets , corvids , parrots , and chickens ; reptile pets , such as turtles , lizards and snakes ; aquatic pets , such as goldfish , tropical fish and frogs ; and arthropod pets , such as tarantulas and hermit crabs . avian bird canaries Domestic canary chickens Chickens as pets aquatic pets aquarium goldfish goldfish tropical fish tropical fish arthropod arthropod
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14 Some scholars and animal rights organizations have raised concern over pet-keeping with regards to the autonomy and objectification of nonhuman animals . animal animal animal rights animal rights nonhuman non-human
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Planet | A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity , is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion , and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.This definition is drawn from two separate IAU declarations ; a formal definition agreed by the IAU in 2006 , and an informal working definition established by the IAU in 2001/2003 for objects outside of the Solar System . The official 2006 definition applies only to the Solar System , whereas the 2003 definition applies to planets around other stars . The extrasolar planet issue was deemed too complex to resolve at the 2006 IAU conference . The term planet is ancient , with ties to history , astrology , science , mythology , and religion . Several planets in the Solar System can be seen with the naked eye . These were regarded by many early cultures as divine , or as emissaries of deities . As scientific knowledge advanced , human perception of the planets changed , incorporating a number of disparate objects . In 2006 , the International Astronomical Union -LRB- IAU -RRB- officially adopted a resolution defining planets within the Solar System . This definition is controversial because it excludes many objects of planetary mass based on where or what they orbit . Although eight of the planetary bodies discovered before 1950 remain `` planets '' under the modern definition , some celestial bodies , such as Ceres , Pallas , Juno and Vesta -LRB- each an object in the solar asteroid belt -RRB- , and Pluto -LRB- the first trans-Neptunian object discovered -RRB- , that were once considered planets by the scientific community , are no longer viewed as such . The planets were thought by Ptolemy to orbit Earth in deferent and epicycle motions . Although the idea that the planets orbited the Sun had been suggested many times , it was not until the 17th century that this view was supported by evidence from the first telescopic astronomical observations , performed by Galileo Galilei . At about the same time , by careful analysis of pre-telescopic observation data collected by Tycho Brahe , Johannes Kepler found the planets ' orbits were not circular but elliptical . As observational tools improved , astronomers saw that , like Earth , the planets rotated around tilted axes , and some shared such features as ice caps and seasons . Since the dawn of the Space Age , close observation by space probes has found that Earth and the other planets share characteristics such as volcanism , hurricanes , tectonics , and even hydrology . Planets are generally divided into two main types : large low-density giant planets , and smaller rocky terrestrials . Under IAU definitions , there are eight planets in the Solar System . In order of increasing distance from the Sun , they are the four terrestrials , Mercury , Venus , Earth , and Mars , then the four giant planets , Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , and Neptune . Six of the planets are orbited by one or more natural satellites . Several thousands of planets around other stars -LRB- `` extrasolar planets '' or `` exoplanets '' -RRB- have been discovered in the Milky Way . As of , known extrasolar planets in planetary systems -LRB- including multiple planetary systems -RRB- , ranging in size from just above the size of the Moon to gas giants about twice as large as Jupiter have been discovered , out of which more than 100 planets are the same size as Earth , nine of which are at the same relative distance from their star as Earth from the Sun , i.e. in the habitable zone . On December 20 , 2011 , the Kepler Space Telescope team reported the discovery of the first Earth-sized extrasolar planets , Kepler-20e and Kepler-20f , orbiting a Sun-like star , Kepler-20 . A 2012 study , analyzing gravitational microlensing data , estimates an average of at least 1.6 bound planets for every star in the Milky Way . Around one in five Sun-like stars is thought to have an Earth-sized planet in its habitable zone . | 0 A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that astronomical body astronomical body star star stellar remnant Stellar evolution#Stellar remnants
1
2 is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity , rounded Hydrostatic equilibrium gravity gravity
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4 is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion , and thermonuclear fusion thermonuclear fusion
5
6 has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.This definition is drawn from two separate IAU declarations ; a formal definition agreed by the IAU in 2006 , and an informal working definition established by the IAU in 2001/2003 for objects outside of the Solar System . cleared its neighbouring region Clearing the neighbourhood definition Definition of planet IAU International Astronomical Union Solar System Solar System
7 The official 2006 definition applies only to the Solar System , whereas the 2003 definition applies to planets around other stars . definition Definition of planet 2006 definition 2006 definition of planet Solar System Solar System
8 The extrasolar planet issue was deemed too complex to resolve at the 2006 IAU conference . IAU International Astronomical Union extrasolar planet #Exoplanets
9
10 The term planet is ancient , with ties to history , astrology , science , mythology , and religion . astrology astrology mythology mythology
11 Several planets in the Solar System can be seen with the naked eye . Solar System Solar System
12 These were regarded by many early cultures as divine , or as emissaries of deities . deities deity
13 As scientific knowledge advanced , human perception of the planets changed , incorporating a number of disparate objects .
14 In 2006 , the International Astronomical Union -LRB- IAU -RRB- officially adopted a resolution defining planets within the Solar System . IAU International Astronomical Union Solar System Solar System International Astronomical Union International Astronomical Union defining planets IAU definition of planet
15 This definition is controversial because it excludes many objects of planetary mass based on where or what they orbit . orbit orbit definition Definition of planet planetary mass Planemo
16 Although eight of the planetary bodies discovered before 1950 remain `` planets '' under the modern definition , some celestial bodies , such as Ceres , Pallas , Juno and Vesta -LRB- each an object in the solar asteroid belt -RRB- , and Pluto -LRB- the first trans-Neptunian object discovered -RRB- , that were once considered planets by the scientific community , are no longer viewed as such . definition Definition of planet Ceres Ceres (dwarf planet) Pallas 2 Pallas Juno 3 Juno Vesta 4 Vesta Pluto Pluto trans-Neptunian object trans-Neptunian object
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19 The planets were thought by Ptolemy to orbit Earth in deferent and epicycle motions . orbit orbit Ptolemy Ptolemy Earth Earth deferent and epicycle deferent and epicycle
20 Although the idea that the planets orbited the Sun had been suggested many times , it was not until the 17th century that this view was supported by evidence from the first telescopic astronomical observations , performed by Galileo Galilei . planets orbited the Sun Heliocentrism telescopic telescope astronomical observations Observational astronomy Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei Sun Sun
21 At about the same time , by careful analysis of pre-telescopic observation data collected by Tycho Brahe , Johannes Kepler found the planets ' orbits were not circular but elliptical . telescopic telescope Tycho Brahe Tycho Brahe Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler elliptical Elliptic orbit
22 As observational tools improved , astronomers saw that , like Earth , the planets rotated around tilted axes , and some shared such features as ice caps and seasons . Earth Earth
23 Since the dawn of the Space Age , close observation by space probes has found that Earth and the other planets share characteristics such as volcanism , hurricanes , tectonics , and even hydrology . Earth Earth Space Age Space Age volcanism Volcano tectonics tectonics hydrology hydrology
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26 Planets are generally divided into two main types : large low-density giant planets , and smaller rocky terrestrials . terrestrials terrestrial planet
27 Under IAU definitions , there are eight planets in the Solar System . IAU International Astronomical Union Solar System Solar System
28 In order of increasing distance from the Sun , they are the four terrestrials , Mercury , Venus , Earth , and Mars , then the four giant planets , Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , and Neptune . Earth Earth terrestrials terrestrial planet Sun Sun Mercury Mercury (planet) Venus Venus Mars Mars Jupiter Jupiter Saturn Saturn Uranus Uranus Neptune Neptune
29 Six of the planets are orbited by one or more natural satellites .
30
31
32 Several thousands of planets around other stars -LRB- `` extrasolar planets '' or `` exoplanets '' -RRB- have been discovered in the Milky Way . Milky Way Milky Way
33 As of , known extrasolar planets in planetary systems -LRB- including multiple planetary systems -RRB- , ranging in size from just above the size of the Moon to gas giants about twice as large as Jupiter have been discovered , out of which more than 100 planets are the same size as Earth , nine of which are at the same relative distance from their star as Earth from the Sun , i.e. in the habitable zone . star star Earth Earth Sun Sun Jupiter Jupiter planetary systems planetary systems multiple planetary systems List of multiplanetary systems just above the size of the Moon Kepler-37b about twice as large as Jupiter WASP-17b
34 On December 20 , 2011 , the Kepler Space Telescope team reported the discovery of the first Earth-sized extrasolar planets , Kepler-20e and Kepler-20f , orbiting a Sun-like star , Kepler-20 . star star Earth Earth Sun Sun Kepler Space Telescope Kepler (spacecraft) Earth-sized Terrestrial planet Kepler-20e Kepler-20e Kepler-20f Kepler-20f Sun-like star Solar analog Kepler-20 Kepler-20
35 A 2012 study , analyzing gravitational microlensing data , estimates an average of at least 1.6 bound planets for every star in the Milky Way . star star Milky Way Milky Way gravitational microlensing gravitational microlensing
36
37 Around one in five Sun-like stars is thought to have an Earth-sized planet in its habitable zone . Earth Earth Sun Sun Earth-sized Terrestrial planet
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Plato | Plato -LRB- -LSB- ˈpleɪtoʊ -RSB- Greek : Πλάτων Plátōn , -LSB- plá.tɔːn -RSB- in Classical Attic ; 428/427 or 424/423 -- 348/347 BCE -RRB- was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens , the first institution of higher learning in the Western world . He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy , especially the Western tradition . Unlike nearly all of his philosophical contemporaries , Plato 's entire work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years . Along with his teacher , Socrates , and his most famous student , Aristotle , Plato laid the very foundations of Western philosophy and science . Alfred North Whitehead once noted : `` the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato . '' In addition to being a foundational figure for Western science , philosophy , and mathematics , Plato has also often been cited as one of the founders of Western religion and spirituality . Plato 's influence on Christianity is often thought to be mediated by his major influence on Saint Augustine of Hippo , one of the most important philosophers and theologians in the foundation of the Western thought . In the 19th century the philosopher Nietzsche criticized Christianity by saying it 's `` Platonism for the people '' . Numenius of Apamea viewed this differently , he called Plato the Hellenic Moses . This would justify the superiority of Christianity over Hellenism because Moses predates Plato - thus the original source of this wisdom is the root of Christianity and not Hellenistic culture . Plato was the innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms in philosophy . Plato appears to have been the founder of Western political philosophy , with his Republic , and Laws among other dialogues , providing some of the earliest extant treatments of political questions from a philosophical perspective . Plato 's own most decisive philosophical influences are usually thought to have been Socrates , Parmenides , Heraclitus and Pythagoras , although few of his predecessors ' works remain extant and much of what we know about these figures today derives from Plato himself . The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy describes Plato as '' ... one of the most dazzling writers in the Western literary tradition and one of the most penetrating , wide-ranging , and influential authors in the history of philosophy . ... He was not the first thinker or writer to whom the word `` philosopher '' should be applied . But he was so self-conscious about how philosophy should be conceived , and what its scope and ambitions properly are , and he so transformed the intellectual currents with which he grappled , that the subject of philosophy , as it is often conceived -- a rigorous and systematic examination of ethical , political , metaphysical , and epistemological issues , armed with a distinctive method -- can be called his invention . Few other authors in the history of Western philosophy approximate him in depth and range : perhaps only Aristotle -LRB- who studied with him -RRB- , Aquinas and Kant would be generally agreed to be of the same rank . '' | 0 Plato -LRB- -LSB- ˈpleɪtoʊ -RSB- Greek : Πλάτων Plátōn , -LSB- plá.tɔːn -RSB- in Classical Attic ; 428/427 or 424/423 -- 348/347 BCE -RRB- was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens , the first institution of higher learning in the Western world . Athens Ancient Athens Greek Ancient Greek language Classical Attic Attic Greek philosopher philosopher Classical Greece Classical Greece Academy Platonic Academy Western world Western world
1 He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy , especially the Western tradition . Western tradition Western philosophy
2 Unlike nearly all of his philosophical contemporaries , Plato 's entire work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years . philosophical contemporaries Ancient Greek philosophy
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4
5 Along with his teacher , Socrates , and his most famous student , Aristotle , Plato laid the very foundations of Western philosophy and science . Socrates Socrates Western philosophy Western philosophy Aristotle Aristotle science science
6 Alfred North Whitehead once noted : `` the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato . '' Alfred North Whitehead Alfred North Whitehead
7 In addition to being a foundational figure for Western science , philosophy , and mathematics , Plato has also often been cited as one of the founders of Western religion and spirituality . science science Western religion Western religion spirituality spirituality
8 Plato 's influence on Christianity is often thought to be mediated by his major influence on Saint Augustine of Hippo , one of the most important philosophers and theologians in the foundation of the Western thought . Christianity Christianity Saint Augustine of Hippo Augustine of Hippo philosophers Christian philosophy theologians theologians Western thought Western thought
9 In the 19th century the philosopher Nietzsche criticized Christianity by saying it 's `` Platonism for the people '' . Platonism Platonism philosopher philosopher Christianity Christianity Nietzsche Nietzsche
10 Numenius of Apamea viewed this differently , he called Plato the Hellenic Moses . Numenius of Apamea Numenius of Apamea Hellenic Ancient Greece
11 This would justify the superiority of Christianity over Hellenism because Moses predates Plato - thus the original source of this wisdom is the root of Christianity and not Hellenistic culture . Christianity Christianity
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14 Plato was the innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms in philosophy . dialogue dialogue dialectic dialectic
15 Plato appears to have been the founder of Western political philosophy , with his Republic , and Laws among other dialogues , providing some of the earliest extant treatments of political questions from a philosophical perspective . Republic Republic (Plato) political philosophy political philosophy political political
16 Plato 's own most decisive philosophical influences are usually thought to have been Socrates , Parmenides , Heraclitus and Pythagoras , although few of his predecessors ' works remain extant and much of what we know about these figures today derives from Plato himself . Socrates Socrates Parmenides Parmenides Pythagoras Pythagoras Heraclitus Heraclitus
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19 The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy describes Plato as '' ... one of the most dazzling writers in the Western literary tradition and one of the most penetrating , wide-ranging , and influential authors in the history of philosophy . Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy history of philosophy history of philosophy
20 ... He was not the first thinker or writer to whom the word `` philosopher '' should be applied . philosopher philosopher
21 But he was so self-conscious about how philosophy should be conceived , and what its scope and ambitions properly are , and he so transformed the intellectual currents with which he grappled , that the subject of philosophy , as it is often conceived -- a rigorous and systematic examination of ethical , political , metaphysical , and epistemological issues , armed with a distinctive method -- can be called his invention . ethical ethical political political metaphysical metaphysical epistemological epistemological
22 Few other authors in the history of Western philosophy approximate him in depth and range : perhaps only Aristotle -LRB- who studied with him -RRB- , Aquinas and Kant would be generally agreed to be of the same rank . '' Western philosophy Western philosophy Aristotle Aristotle Aquinas Thomas Aquinas Kant Immanuel Kant
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Peter_Davison | Peter Davison -LRB- born Peter Malcolm Gordon Moffett on 13 April 1951 -RRB- is an English actor with many credits in television dramas and sitcoms . He became famous as Tristan Farnon in the BBC 's television adaptation of James Herriot 's All Creatures Great and Small stories . His subsequent starring roles included the sitcoms Holding the Fort and Sink or Swim , the fifth incarnation of the Doctor in Doctor Who , Dr. Stephen Daker in A Very Peculiar Practice and Albert Campion in Campion . He later played David Braithwaite in At Home with the Braithwaites , `` Dangerous '' Davies in The Last Detective and Henry Sharpe in Law & Order : UK . | 0 Peter Davison -LRB- born Peter Malcolm Gordon Moffett on 13 April 1951 -RRB- is an English actor with many credits in television dramas and sitcoms .
1 He became famous as Tristan Farnon in the BBC 's television adaptation of James Herriot 's All Creatures Great and Small stories . James Herriot James Herriot All Creatures Great and Small All Creatures Great and Small (TV series)
2 His subsequent starring roles included the sitcoms Holding the Fort and Sink or Swim , the fifth incarnation of the Doctor in Doctor Who , Dr. Stephen Daker in A Very Peculiar Practice and Albert Campion in Campion . Holding the Fort Holding the Fort Sink or Swim Sink or Swim (TV series) fifth incarnation Fifth Doctor the Doctor Doctor (Doctor Who) Doctor Who Doctor Who A Very Peculiar Practice A Very Peculiar Practice Campion Campion (TV series)
3 He later played David Braithwaite in At Home with the Braithwaites , `` Dangerous '' Davies in The Last Detective and Henry Sharpe in Law & Order : UK . At Home with the Braithwaites At Home with the Braithwaites The Last Detective The Last Detective
4 |
Peru | Peru , is a country in western South America . It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia , in the east by Brazil , in the southeast by Bolivia , in the south by Chile , and in the west by the Pacific Ocean . Peru is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river . Peruvian territory was home to ancient cultures spanning from the Norte Chico civilization in Caral -LRB- one of the oldest in the world with settlements as old as 3200 BC -RRB- to the Inca Empire , the largest state in Pre-Columbian America . The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty with its capital in Lima , which included most of its South American colonies . Ideas of political autonomy later spread throughout Spanish America and Peru gained its independence , which was formally proclaimed in 1821 after the occupation by military campaigns of José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar and only after the battle of Ayacucho , three years after proclamation , Peru ensured its independence . After achieving independence , the country remained in recession and kept a low military profile until an economic rise based on the extraction of raw and maritime materials struck the country , which ended shortly before the war of the Pacific . Subsequently , the country has undergone changes in government from oligarchic to democratic systems . Peru has gone through periods of political unrest and internal conflict as well as periods of stability and economic upswing . Peru is a representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions . It is a developing country with a high Human Development Index score and a poverty level around 25.8 percent . Its main economic activities include mining , manufacturing , agriculture and fishing . The Peruvian population , estimated at 31.2 million in 2015 , is multiethnic , including Amerindians , Europeans , Africans and Asians . The main spoken language is Spanish , although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechua or other native languages . This mixture of cultural traditions has resulted in a wide diversity of expressions in fields such as art , cuisine , literature , and music . __ TOC __ | 0 Peru , is a country in western South America . South America South America
1 It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia , in the east by Brazil , in the southeast by Bolivia , in the south by Chile , and in the west by the Pacific Ocean . Ecuador Ecuador Colombia Colombia Brazil Brazil Bolivia Bolivia Chile Chile Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean
2 Peru is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river . biodiverse biodiversity Andes mountains Andes mountains Amazon Basin Amazon Basin Amazon river Amazon river
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4
5 Peruvian territory was home to ancient cultures spanning from the Norte Chico civilization in Caral -LRB- one of the oldest in the world with settlements as old as 3200 BC -RRB- to the Inca Empire , the largest state in Pre-Columbian America . ancient cultures Ancient Peru Norte Chico civilization Norte Chico civilization Caral Caral Inca Empire Inca Empire Pre-Columbian America Pre-Columbian
6 The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty with its capital in Lima , which included most of its South American colonies . Lima Lima Spanish Peruvian Spanish Spanish Empire Spanish Empire established a Viceroyalty Viceroyalty of Peru
7 Ideas of political autonomy later spread throughout Spanish America and Peru gained its independence , which was formally proclaimed in 1821 after the occupation by military campaigns of José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar and only after the battle of Ayacucho , three years after proclamation , Peru ensured its independence . Spanish Peruvian Spanish José de San Martín José de San Martín Simón Bolívar Simón Bolívar battle of Ayacucho battle of Ayacucho
8 After achieving independence , the country remained in recession and kept a low military profile until an economic rise based on the extraction of raw and maritime materials struck the country , which ended shortly before the war of the Pacific . achieving independence Peruvian War of Independence war of the Pacific war of the Pacific
9 Subsequently , the country has undergone changes in government from oligarchic to democratic systems .
10 Peru has gone through periods of political unrest and internal conflict as well as periods of stability and economic upswing . internal conflict Internal conflict in Peru
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12
13 Peru is a representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions . representative democratic representative democracy 25 regions Administrative divisions of Peru
14 It is a developing country with a high Human Development Index score and a poverty level around 25.8 percent . developing country developing country Human Development Index Human Development Index
15 Its main economic activities include mining , manufacturing , agriculture and fishing .
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18 The Peruvian population , estimated at 31.2 million in 2015 , is multiethnic , including Amerindians , Europeans , Africans and Asians . multiethnic Multiethnic society Amerindians Indigenous Peoples in Peru Europeans White Latin American Africans African Latin American Asians Asian Latin American
19 The main spoken language is Spanish , although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechua or other native languages . Spanish Peruvian Spanish Quechua Quechua languages native languages Indigenous languages of the Americas
20 This mixture of cultural traditions has resulted in a wide diversity of expressions in fields such as art , cuisine , literature , and music .
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23 __ TOC __
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Peggy_Sue_Got_Married | Peggy Sue Got Married is a 1986 American comedy-drama film directed by Francis Ford Coppola starring Kathleen Turner as a woman on the verge of a divorce , who finds herself transported back to the days of her senior year in high school in 1960 . The film was written by husband and wife team Jerry Leichtling and Arlene Sarner . The film was nominated for three Academy Awards : Best Actress -LRB- Turner -RRB- , Best Cinematography , and Best Costume Design . In addition , Turner was nominated for Best Foreign Actress at the Sant Jordi Awards . | 0 Peggy Sue Got Married is a 1986 American comedy-drama film directed by Francis Ford Coppola starring Kathleen Turner as a woman on the verge of a divorce , who finds herself transported back to the days of her senior year in high school in 1960 . Francis Ford Coppola Francis Ford Coppola Kathleen Turner Kathleen Turner comedy-drama comedy-drama
1 The film was written by husband and wife team Jerry Leichtling and Arlene Sarner .
2
3
4 The film was nominated for three Academy Awards : Best Actress -LRB- Turner -RRB- , Best Cinematography , and Best Costume Design . Academy Awards Academy Awards Best Actress Academy Award for Best Actress Best Cinematography Academy Award for Best Cinematography Best Costume Design Academy Award for Costume Design
5 In addition , Turner was nominated for Best Foreign Actress at the Sant Jordi Awards . Sant Jordi Awards Sant Jordi Awards
6 |
PlayStation_3 | The PlayStation 3 -LRB- PS3 -RRB- is a home video game console developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment . It is the successor to PlayStation 2 , and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles . It was first released on November 11 , 2006 , in Japan , November 17 , 2006 , in North America , and March 23 , 2007 , in Europe and Australia . The PlayStation 3 mainly competes against consoles such as Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . The console was first officially announced at E3 2005 , and was released at the end of 2006 . It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium . The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services , including being the first to introduce Sony 's social gaming service , PlayStation Network , and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita , being able to remote control the console from the devices . In September 2009 , the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released . It no longer provided the hardware ability to run PS2 games . It was lighter and thinner than the original version , and featured a redesigned logo and marketing design , as well as a minor start-up change in software . A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012 , further refining and redesigning the console . The system had a slow start in the market but managed to recover , particularly after the introduction of the Slim model . As of March 2016 , PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide , putting it about on par with Xbox 360 , but behind the Wii . Its successor , the PlayStation 4 , was released later in November 2013 . On September 29 , 2015 , Sony confirmed that sales of the PlayStation 3 were to be discontinued in New Zealand , but the system remains in production in other markets . In March 2017 , the official site for PlayStation 3 in Japan was updated to state that it would be discontinued soon . On 29 May 2017 , the PlayStation 3 was discontinued in Japan , as of 2015 , the PS3 is getting discontinued in certain parts of the world . The PlayStation 3 will be discontinued worldwide soon . | 0 The PlayStation 3 -LRB- PS3 -RRB- is a home video game console developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment . Sony Interactive Entertainment Sony Interactive Entertainment PlayStation PlayStation (console) home video game console home video game console
1 It is the successor to PlayStation 2 , and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles . PlayStation PlayStation (console) PlayStation 2 PlayStation 2 PlayStation brand of consoles PlayStation
2 It was first released on November 11 , 2006 , in Japan , November 17 , 2006 , in North America , and March 23 , 2007 , in Europe and Australia . Japan Japan North America North America Europe Europe Australia Australia
3 The PlayStation 3 mainly competes against consoles such as Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . PlayStation PlayStation (console) Microsoft Microsoft Xbox 360 Xbox 360 Nintendo Nintendo Wii Wii seventh generation of video game consoles History of video game consoles (seventh generation)
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5
6 The console was first officially announced at E3 2005 , and was released at the end of 2006 . E3 2005 History of the Electronic Entertainment Expo
7 It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium . Blu-ray Disc Blu-ray Disc
8 The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services , including being the first to introduce Sony 's social gaming service , PlayStation Network , and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita , being able to remote control the console from the devices . PlayStation PlayStation (console) PlayStation Portable PlayStation Portable PlayStation Vita PlayStation Vita PlayStation Network PlayStation Network
9 In September 2009 , the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released . PlayStation PlayStation (console)
10 It no longer provided the hardware ability to run PS2 games .
11 It was lighter and thinner than the original version , and featured a redesigned logo and marketing design , as well as a minor start-up change in software .
12 A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012 , further refining and redesigning the console .
13
14
15 The system had a slow start in the market but managed to recover , particularly after the introduction of the Slim model .
16 As of March 2016 , PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide , putting it about on par with Xbox 360 , but behind the Wii . PlayStation PlayStation (console) Xbox 360 Xbox 360 Wii Wii
17 Its successor , the PlayStation 4 , was released later in November 2013 . PlayStation PlayStation (console) PlayStation 4 PlayStation 4
18 On September 29 , 2015 , Sony confirmed that sales of the PlayStation 3 were to be discontinued in New Zealand , but the system remains in production in other markets . PlayStation PlayStation (console) New Zealand New Zealand
19 In March 2017 , the official site for PlayStation 3 in Japan was updated to state that it would be discontinued soon . PlayStation PlayStation (console) Japan Japan
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22 On 29 May 2017 , the PlayStation 3 was discontinued in Japan , as of 2015 , the PS3 is getting discontinued in certain parts of the world . PlayStation PlayStation (console) Japan Japan
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24 The PlayStation 3 will be discontinued worldwide soon . PlayStation PlayStation (console)
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Perry_Saturn | Perry Arthur Satullo -LRB- born October 25 , 1966 -RRB- is an American professional wrestler known by his ring name , Perry Saturn . Since debuting in 1990 , Saturn has wrestled for promotions including Extreme Championship Wrestling -LRB- ECW -RRB- , World Championship Wrestling -LRB- WCW -RRB- , the World Wrestling Federation -LRB- WWF -RRB- and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling -LRB- TNA -RRB- . He is a former ECW World Tag Team Champion , WCW World Tag Team Champion , WCW World Television Champion , WWF European Champion and WWF Hardcore Champion . | 0 Perry Arthur Satullo -LRB- born October 25 , 1966 -RRB- is an American professional wrestler known by his ring name , Perry Saturn . American United States professional wrestler Professional wrestling ring name ring name
1 Since debuting in 1990 , Saturn has wrestled for promotions including Extreme Championship Wrestling -LRB- ECW -RRB- , World Championship Wrestling -LRB- WCW -RRB- , the World Wrestling Federation -LRB- WWF -RRB- and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling -LRB- TNA -RRB- . promotions Professional wrestling promotion Extreme Championship Wrestling Extreme Championship Wrestling World Championship Wrestling World Championship Wrestling World Wrestling Federation WWE Total Nonstop Action Wrestling Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
2 He is a former ECW World Tag Team Champion , WCW World Tag Team Champion , WCW World Television Champion , WWF European Champion and WWF Hardcore Champion . ECW World Tag Team Champion ECW World Tag Team Championship WCW World Tag Team Champion WCW World Tag Team Championship WCW World Television Champion WCW World Television Championship WWF European Champion WWE European Championship WWF Hardcore Champion WWE Hardcore Championship
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Pierrot_-LRB-company-RRB- | is a Japanese animation studio , founded in 1979 by former employees of Tatsunoko Production and Mushi Production . Its headquarters is located in Mitaka , Tokyo . Studio Pierrot is renowned for several worldwide popular anime series , such as Naruto , Bleach , Yu Yu Hakusho , Tokyo Ghoul , Beelzebub , Great Teacher Onizuka and several others . The company has a simple logo of the face of a clown . `` Piero '' is a Japanese loanword for clown , adopted from the classical character of Pierrot . Yu Yu Hakusho and Saiyuki , two of the company 's anime series , won the Animage Anime Grand Prix Award in 1994 and 1995 , and 2000 , respectively . | 0 is a Japanese animation studio , founded in 1979 by former employees of Tatsunoko Production and Mushi Production . Japanese animation anime studio animation studio Tatsunoko Production Tatsunoko Production Mushi Production Mushi Production Japanese Japanese language
1 Its headquarters is located in Mitaka , Tokyo . Mitaka Mitaka, Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo
2
3 Studio Pierrot is renowned for several worldwide popular anime series , such as Naruto , Bleach , Yu Yu Hakusho , Tokyo Ghoul , Beelzebub , Great Teacher Onizuka and several others . Tokyo Tokyo Naruto Naruto Bleach Bleach (anime) Yu Yu Hakusho Yu Yu Hakusho Tokyo Ghoul Tokyo Ghoul Beelzebub Beelzebub (manga) Great Teacher Onizuka Great Teacher Onizuka Pierrot Pierrot
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6 The company has a simple logo of the face of a clown . clown clown
7 `` Piero '' is a Japanese loanword for clown , adopted from the classical character of Pierrot . clown clown Japanese Japanese language loanword loanword Pierrot Pierrot
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10 Yu Yu Hakusho and Saiyuki , two of the company 's anime series , won the Animage Anime Grand Prix Award in 1994 and 1995 , and 2000 , respectively . Yu Yu Hakusho Yu Yu Hakusho Saiyuki Gensomaden Saiyuki Animage Animage
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Prison_Break | Prison Break is an American television serial drama created by Paul Scheuring , that was broadcast on Fox for four seasons from August 29 , 2005 to May 15 , 2009 , and a fifth season which premiered on April 4 , 2017 . The series revolves around two brothers , one of whom has been sentenced to death for a crime he did not commit , and the other who devises an elaborate plan to help his brother escape prison and clear his name . The series was produced by Adelstein-Parouse Productions , in association with Original Television and 20th Century Fox Television . Along with creator Paul Scheuring , the series is executive produced by Matt Olmstead , Kevin Hooks , Marty Adelstein , Dawn Parouse , Neal H. Moritz , and Brett Ratner who directed the pilot episode . The series ' theme music , composed by Ramin Djawadi , was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in 2006 . The series was originally turned down by Fox in 2003 , which was concerned about the long-term prospects of such a series . Following the popularity of serialized prime time television series Lost and 24 , Fox decided to back production in 2004 . The first season received generally positive reviews , and performed well in the ratings . The first season was originally planned for a 13-episode run , but was extended to include an extra nine episodes due to its popularity . Prison Break was nominated for several industry awards , including the 2005 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series Drama and the 2006 People 's Choice Award for Favorite New TV Drama , which it won . In the United States , all four seasons have been released on DVD and released on Blu-ray internationally . The success of the series has inspired short videos for mobile phones , several official tie-ins in print and on the Internet , as well as a video game . A spin-off series , Prison Break : Proof of Innocence , was produced exclusively for mobile phones . The series has spawned an official magazine and a tie-in novel . The fourth season of Prison Break returned from its mid-season break in a new timeslot on April 17 , 2009 , for the series ' last six episodes . Two additional episodes , titled `` The Old Ball and Chain '' and `` Free '' were produced , and were later transformed into a standalone feature , titled The Final Break . The events of this feature take place before the last scene of the series finale , and are intended to conclude unfinished plotlines . The feature was released on DVD and Blu-ray July 21 , 2009 . A nine-episode fifth season was announced by Fox in January 2016 and premiered on April 4 , 2017 , and aired on Tuesdays at 9:00 pm . The season concluded on May 30 , 2017 . | 0 Prison Break is an American television serial drama created by Paul Scheuring , that was broadcast on Fox for four seasons from August 29 , 2005 to May 15 , 2009 , and a fifth season which premiered on April 4 , 2017 . Paul Scheuring Paul Scheuring Fox Fox Broadcasting Company television television program serial drama serial (radio and television) fifth season Prison Break (season 5)
1 The series revolves around two brothers , one of whom has been sentenced to death for a crime he did not commit , and the other who devises an elaborate plan to help his brother escape prison and clear his name .
2 The series was produced by Adelstein-Parouse Productions , in association with Original Television and 20th Century Fox Television . 20th Century Fox Television 20th Century Fox Television Fox Fox Broadcasting Company
3 Along with creator Paul Scheuring , the series is executive produced by Matt Olmstead , Kevin Hooks , Marty Adelstein , Dawn Parouse , Neal H. Moritz , and Brett Ratner who directed the pilot episode . Paul Scheuring Paul Scheuring Marty Adelstein Marty Adelstein Neal H. Moritz Neal H. Moritz Brett Ratner Brett Ratner Matt Olmstead Matt Olmstead Kevin Hooks Kevin Hooks
4 The series ' theme music , composed by Ramin Djawadi , was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in 2006 . Ramin Djawadi Ramin Djawadi
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7 The series was originally turned down by Fox in 2003 , which was concerned about the long-term prospects of such a series . Fox Fox Broadcasting Company
8 Following the popularity of serialized prime time television series Lost and 24 , Fox decided to back production in 2004 . Fox Fox Broadcasting Company television television program Lost Lost (TV series) 24 24 (TV series)
9 The first season received generally positive reviews , and performed well in the ratings .
10 The first season was originally planned for a 13-episode run , but was extended to include an extra nine episodes due to its popularity .
11 Prison Break was nominated for several industry awards , including the 2005 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series Drama and the 2006 People 's Choice Award for Favorite New TV Drama , which it won .
12 In the United States , all four seasons have been released on DVD and released on Blu-ray internationally .
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15 The success of the series has inspired short videos for mobile phones , several official tie-ins in print and on the Internet , as well as a video game .
16 A spin-off series , Prison Break : Proof of Innocence , was produced exclusively for mobile phones .
17 The series has spawned an official magazine and a tie-in novel .
18 The fourth season of Prison Break returned from its mid-season break in a new timeslot on April 17 , 2009 , for the series ' last six episodes .
19 Two additional episodes , titled `` The Old Ball and Chain '' and `` Free '' were produced , and were later transformed into a standalone feature , titled The Final Break . The Final Break Prison Break: The Final Break
20 The events of this feature take place before the last scene of the series finale , and are intended to conclude unfinished plotlines .
21 The feature was released on DVD and Blu-ray July 21 , 2009 .
22 A nine-episode fifth season was announced by Fox in January 2016 and premiered on April 4 , 2017 , and aired on Tuesdays at 9:00 pm . Fox Fox Broadcasting Company fifth season Prison Break (season 5)
23 The season concluded on May 30 , 2017 .
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Poppy_-LRB-singer-RRB- | Poppy , also known as That Poppy , is an American singer , songwriter , and YouTube personality . Raised in Nashville , Tennessee , she moved to Los Angeles in 2014 to pursue a musical career , where she signed with Island Records and released her debut EP , Bubblebath -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . In late 2016 , she became the face of Sanrio 's `` Hello Sanrio '' collection . | 0 Poppy , also known as That Poppy , is an American singer , songwriter , and YouTube personality . YouTube YouTube
1 Raised in Nashville , Tennessee , she moved to Los Angeles in 2014 to pursue a musical career , where she signed with Island Records and released her debut EP , Bubblebath -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . Island Records Island Records Nashville Nashville Tennessee Tennessee Los Angeles Los Angeles Bubblebath Bubblebath (EP)
2 In late 2016 , she became the face of Sanrio 's `` Hello Sanrio '' collection . Sanrio Sanrio
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Prophets_of_Rage | Prophets of Rage is an American rap rock supergroup . Formed in 2016 , the group consists of three members of Rage Against the Machine and Audioslave -LRB- bassist and backing vocalist Tim Commerford , guitarist Tom Morello , and drummer Brad Wilk -RRB- , two members of Public Enemy -LRB- DJ Lord and rapper Chuck D -RRB- , and rapper B-Real of Cypress Hill . | 0 Prophets of Rage is an American rap rock supergroup . rap rock rap rock supergroup supergroup (music)
1 Formed in 2016 , the group consists of three members of Rage Against the Machine and Audioslave -LRB- bassist and backing vocalist Tim Commerford , guitarist Tom Morello , and drummer Brad Wilk -RRB- , two members of Public Enemy -LRB- DJ Lord and rapper Chuck D -RRB- , and rapper B-Real of Cypress Hill . Rage Against the Machine Rage Against the Machine Audioslave Audioslave Public Enemy Public Enemy (band) Cypress Hill Cypress Hill Tom Morello Tom Morello Tim Commerford Tim Commerford Brad Wilk Brad Wilk DJ Lord DJ Lord Chuck D Chuck D B-Real B-Real
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Portuguese_Empire | The Portuguese Empire -LRB- Império Português -RRB- , also known as the Portuguese Overseas -LRB- Ultramar Português -RRB- , was one of the largest and longest-lived empires in world history and the first colonial empire of the Renaissance . It existed for almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta in 1415 to the grant of sovereignty to East Timor in 2002 . The first era of the Portuguese empire originated at the beginning of the Age of Discovery . Initiated by the Kingdom of Portugal , it would eventually expand across the globe . Portuguese sailors began exploring the coast of Africa and the Atlantic archipelagos in 1418 -- 19 , using recent developments in navigation , cartography and maritime technology such as the caravel , in order that they might find a sea route to the source of the lucrative spice trade . In 1488 , Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope , and in 1498 , Vasco da Gama reached India . In 1500 , either by an accidental landfall or by the crown 's secret design , Pedro Álvares Cabral discovered Brazil on the South American coast . Over the following decades , Portuguese sailors continued to explore the coasts and islands of East Asia , establishing forts and factories as they went . By 1571 , a string of naval outposts connected Lisbon to Nagasaki along the coasts of Africa , the Middle East , India and South Asia . This commercial network and the colonial trade had a substantial positive impact on Portuguese economic growth -LRB- 1500-1800 -RRB- , when it accounted for about a fifth of Portugal 's per capita income . When Philip II of Spain , I of Portugal , inherited the Portuguese crown in 1580 , this began a 60-year union between Spain and Portugal that has since been given the historiographic term of the Iberian Union . Though the realms continued to be administered separately , the Council of Portugal ruled the country and its empire from Madrid . As the King of Spain was also King of Portugal , Portuguese colonies became the subject of attacks by three rival European powers hostile to Spain : the Dutch Republic , England , and France . With its smaller population , Portugal was unable to effectively defend its overstretched network of trading posts , and the empire began a long and gradual decline . Eventually , Brazil became the most valuable colony of the second era until , as part of the wave of independence movements that swept the Americas during the early 19th century , it broke away in 1822 . The third era represents the final stage of Portuguese colonialism after the decolonization of the Americas of the 1820s . The colonial possessions had been reduced to the African coastline -LRB- expanded inland during the Scramble for Africa in the late 19th century -RRB- , Portuguese Timor , and enclaves in India -LRB- Goa -RRB- and China -LRB- Macau -RRB- . The disastrous 1890 British Ultimatum led to the contraction of Portuguese ambitions in Africa . Under António Salazar , the Second Portuguese Republic made some ill-fated attempts to hold on to its last remaining colonies and overseas provinces after the 1961 Indian annexation of Goa , embarking on the Portuguese Colonial War in Africa which lasted until the final overthrow of the regime in the Carnation Revolution of 1974 . Macau was returned to China in 1999 . | 0 The Portuguese Empire -LRB- Império Português -RRB- , also known as the Portuguese Overseas -LRB- Ultramar Português -RRB- , was one of the largest and longest-lived empires in world history and the first colonial empire of the Renaissance . Portuguese Portuguese language largest and longest-lived empires List of largest empires world history world history colonial empire colonial empire
1 It existed for almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta in 1415 to the grant of sovereignty to East Timor in 2002 . Ceuta Ceuta East Timor East Timor
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4 The first era of the Portuguese empire originated at the beginning of the Age of Discovery . Portuguese Portuguese language Age of Discovery Age of Discovery
5 Initiated by the Kingdom of Portugal , it would eventually expand across the globe . Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Portugal
6 Portuguese sailors began exploring the coast of Africa and the Atlantic archipelagos in 1418 -- 19 , using recent developments in navigation , cartography and maritime technology such as the caravel , in order that they might find a sea route to the source of the lucrative spice trade . Portuguese Portuguese language a #inforef1 caravel caravel spice trade spice trade
7 In 1488 , Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope , and in 1498 , Vasco da Gama reached India . Bartolomeu Dias Bartolomeu Dias Cape of Good Hope Cape of Good Hope Vasco da Gama Vasco da Gama
8 In 1500 , either by an accidental landfall or by the crown 's secret design , Pedro Álvares Cabral discovered Brazil on the South American coast . Pedro Álvares Cabral Pedro Álvares Cabral
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11 Over the following decades , Portuguese sailors continued to explore the coasts and islands of East Asia , establishing forts and factories as they went . Portuguese Portuguese language forts Portuguese forts factories Factory (trading post)#Portuguese Feitorias (c. 1445)
12 By 1571 , a string of naval outposts connected Lisbon to Nagasaki along the coasts of Africa , the Middle East , India and South Asia . Lisbon Lisbon a #inforef1 Nagasaki Nagasaki
13 This commercial network and the colonial trade had a substantial positive impact on Portuguese economic growth -LRB- 1500-1800 -RRB- , when it accounted for about a fifth of Portugal 's per capita income . Portuguese Portuguese language a #inforef1
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16 When Philip II of Spain , I of Portugal , inherited the Portuguese crown in 1580 , this began a 60-year union between Spain and Portugal that has since been given the historiographic term of the Iberian Union . Portuguese Portuguese language a #inforef1 Iberian Union Iberian Union Philip II of Spain Philip II of Spain historiographic historiography
17 Though the realms continued to be administered separately , the Council of Portugal ruled the country and its empire from Madrid . Council of Portugal Council of Portugal
18 As the King of Spain was also King of Portugal , Portuguese colonies became the subject of attacks by three rival European powers hostile to Spain : the Dutch Republic , England , and France . Portuguese Portuguese language Dutch Republic Dutch Empire England English overseas possessions France French colonial empire
19 With its smaller population , Portugal was unable to effectively defend its overstretched network of trading posts , and the empire began a long and gradual decline . a #inforef1
20 Eventually , Brazil became the most valuable colony of the second era until , as part of the wave of independence movements that swept the Americas during the early 19th century , it broke away in 1822 . independence movements Decolonization of the Americas Americas Americas
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23 The third era represents the final stage of Portuguese colonialism after the decolonization of the Americas of the 1820s . Portuguese Portuguese language Americas Americas
24 The colonial possessions had been reduced to the African coastline -LRB- expanded inland during the Scramble for Africa in the late 19th century -RRB- , Portuguese Timor , and enclaves in India -LRB- Goa -RRB- and China -LRB- Macau -RRB- . Portuguese Portuguese language Scramble for Africa Scramble for Africa Portuguese Timor Portuguese Timor Goa Goa Macau Macau
25 The disastrous 1890 British Ultimatum led to the contraction of Portuguese ambitions in Africa . Portuguese Portuguese language 1890 British Ultimatum 1890 British Ultimatum Portuguese ambitions in Africa Pink Map
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28 Under António Salazar , the Second Portuguese Republic made some ill-fated attempts to hold on to its last remaining colonies and overseas provinces after the 1961 Indian annexation of Goa , embarking on the Portuguese Colonial War in Africa which lasted until the final overthrow of the regime in the Carnation Revolution of 1974 . Portuguese Portuguese language Portuguese Colonial War Portuguese Colonial War Carnation Revolution Carnation Revolution Goa Goa António Salazar António de Oliveira Salazar Second Portuguese Republic Estado Novo (Portugal) 1961 Indian annexation of Goa 1961 Indian annexation of Goa
29 Macau was returned to China in 1999 . Macau Macau
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R._Madhavan | Ranganathan Madhavan -LRB- born 1 June 1970 -RRB- is an Indian actor , writer and film producer . Madhavan has received two Filmfare Awards , an award from the Tamil Nadu State Film Awards alongside recognition and nominations from other organisations . He has been described as one of the few actors in India who is able to achieve pan-Indian appeal , appearing in films from seven different languages . Madhavan began his acting career with television guest appearances , including a role on the Zee TV prime-time soap opera Banegi Apni Baat in 1996 . After appearing in commercials and in small roles , he later gained recognition in the Tamil film industry through Mani Ratnam 's successful romance film Alaipayuthey -LRB- 2000 -RRB- . Madhavan soon developed an image as a romantic hero with notable roles in two of 2001 's highest grossing Tamil films , Gautham Menon 's directorial debut Minnale and Madras Talkies ' Dumm Dumm Dumm . He worked with Mani Ratnam again in the critically acclaimed 2002 film Kannathil Muthamittal playing the father of an adopted girl , whilst he achieved commercial success with his role in N. Linguswamy 's action film , Run -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . Madhavan was cast alongside Kamal Haasan in the 2003 drama Anbe Sivam , which earned him two notable awards for Best Supporting Actor . In 2004 , he gave a critically acclaimed performance as the antagonist in the multi-starrer Aayutha Ezhuthu and the film secured him his first Filmfare Award for the intense portrayal of a rogue . In the mid-2000s , Madhavan also actively pursued a career in Hindi films , by appearing in supporting roles in three highly successful productions , Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra 's Rang De Basanti -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Mani Ratnam 's biopic Guru -LRB- 2007 -RRB- and Rajkumar Hirani 's 3 Idiots -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , which went on to become the highest grossing Indian film of all time upon release . He simultaneously worked on Tamil films , gaining critical acclaim for his portrayal of a vigilante in his home production Evano Oruvan -LRB- 2007 -RRB- and for the successful bilingual horror film , Yavarum Nalam -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . After appearing in further box office hits , Tanu Weds Manu -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and Vettai -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Madhavan took a break from acting . Returning after a three-year sabbatical in 2015 , his comeback films , the romantic-comedy Tanu Weds Manu Returns -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and the sports drama Irudhi Suttru -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , both won critical and commercial acclaim . In addition to his acting career , Madhavan has worked as a writer on his films , hosted television programmes and has been a prominent celebrity endorser for brands and products . He has also worked as a film producer , first making Evano Oruvan with Leukos Films , before setting up Tricolour Films to produce Saala Khadoos -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . Madhavan is noted for his philanthropic activities and promotes various causes such as environment , health and education . He is particularly vocal about the protection of animals and was awarded PETA 's Person of the Year recognition in 2012 . | 0 Ranganathan Madhavan -LRB- born 1 June 1970 -RRB- is an Indian actor , writer and film producer .
1 Madhavan has received two Filmfare Awards , an award from the Tamil Nadu State Film Awards alongside recognition and nominations from other organisations . Tamil Tamil people Filmfare Awards Filmfare Awards South Tamil Nadu State Film Awards Tamil Nadu State Film Awards recognition Breakthrough role
2 He has been described as one of the few actors in India who is able to achieve pan-Indian appeal , appearing in films from seven different languages .
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4
5 Madhavan began his acting career with television guest appearances , including a role on the Zee TV prime-time soap opera Banegi Apni Baat in 1996 . Zee TV Zee TV Banegi Apni Baat Banegi Apni Baat
6 After appearing in commercials and in small roles , he later gained recognition in the Tamil film industry through Mani Ratnam 's successful romance film Alaipayuthey -LRB- 2000 -RRB- . Tamil Tamil people recognition Breakthrough role Tamil film industry Tamil cinema Mani Ratnam Mani Ratnam Alaipayuthey Alaipayuthey
7 Madhavan soon developed an image as a romantic hero with notable roles in two of 2001 's highest grossing Tamil films , Gautham Menon 's directorial debut Minnale and Madras Talkies ' Dumm Dumm Dumm . Tamil Tamil people Gautham Menon Gautham Menon Minnale Minnale Madras Talkies Madras Talkies Dumm Dumm Dumm Dumm Dumm Dumm
8 He worked with Mani Ratnam again in the critically acclaimed 2002 film Kannathil Muthamittal playing the father of an adopted girl , whilst he achieved commercial success with his role in N. Linguswamy 's action film , Run -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . Mani Ratnam Mani Ratnam Kannathil Muthamittal Kannathil Muthamittal N. Linguswamy N. Linguswamy Run Run (2002 film)
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11 Madhavan was cast alongside Kamal Haasan in the 2003 drama Anbe Sivam , which earned him two notable awards for Best Supporting Actor . Kamal Haasan Kamal Haasan Anbe Sivam Anbe Sivam
12 In 2004 , he gave a critically acclaimed performance as the antagonist in the multi-starrer Aayutha Ezhuthu and the film secured him his first Filmfare Award for the intense portrayal of a rogue . Aayutha Ezhuthu Aayutha Ezhuthu Filmfare Award Filmfare Awards South
13 In the mid-2000s , Madhavan also actively pursued a career in Hindi films , by appearing in supporting roles in three highly successful productions , Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra 's Rang De Basanti -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Mani Ratnam 's biopic Guru -LRB- 2007 -RRB- and Rajkumar Hirani 's 3 Idiots -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , which went on to become the highest grossing Indian film of all time upon release . Mani Ratnam Mani Ratnam Hindi films Bollywood Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra Rang De Basanti Rang De Basanti Guru Guru (2007 film) Rajkumar Hirani Rajkumar Hirani 3 Idiots 3 Idiots highest grossing Indian film of all time List of highest-grossing Indian films
14 He simultaneously worked on Tamil films , gaining critical acclaim for his portrayal of a vigilante in his home production Evano Oruvan -LRB- 2007 -RRB- and for the successful bilingual horror film , Yavarum Nalam -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . Tamil Tamil people vigilante vigilante Evano Oruvan Evano Oruvan Yavarum Nalam Yavarum Nalam
15 After appearing in further box office hits , Tanu Weds Manu -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and Vettai -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Madhavan took a break from acting . Tanu Weds Manu Tanu Weds Manu Vettai Vettai
16 Returning after a three-year sabbatical in 2015 , his comeback films , the romantic-comedy Tanu Weds Manu Returns -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and the sports drama Irudhi Suttru -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , both won critical and commercial acclaim . Tanu Weds Manu Tanu Weds Manu Tanu Weds Manu Returns Tanu Weds Manu Returns Irudhi Suttru Irudhi Suttru
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19 In addition to his acting career , Madhavan has worked as a writer on his films , hosted television programmes and has been a prominent celebrity endorser for brands and products .
20 He has also worked as a film producer , first making Evano Oruvan with Leukos Films , before setting up Tricolour Films to produce Saala Khadoos -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . Evano Oruvan Evano Oruvan Saala Khadoos Irudhi Suttru
21 Madhavan is noted for his philanthropic activities and promotes various causes such as environment , health and education .
22 He is particularly vocal about the protection of animals and was awarded PETA 's Person of the Year recognition in 2012 . recognition Breakthrough role
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Preston_North_End_F.C. | Preston North End Football Club -LRB- often shortened to PNE -RRB- is a professional association football club located in the Deepdale area of Preston , Lancashire . They play in the Championship , the second tier of the English football league system . The club was a founding member of the Football League and completed the inaugural season unbeaten to become the first league champions , in the same season winning the FA Cup without conceding a goal to become the first club to achieve the English football `` Double '' . Preston 's unbeaten League and Cup season earned them the nickname `` The Invincibles '' . Preston 's most recent major trophy success was their FA Cup victory over Huddersfield Town in 1938 . Many notable players have played for the club , including Tom Finney , Bill Shankly , Tommy Docherty , Alan Kelly , Sr. and Graham Alexander . Based on results achieved in the Football League from 1888 -- 89 to 2015 -- 16 , Preston were ranked as the fourth most-successful English football club of all time domestically , while only Notts County had played more Football League games than Preston . | 0 Preston North End Football Club -LRB- often shortened to PNE -RRB- is a professional association football club located in the Deepdale area of Preston , Lancashire . Deepdale Deepdale, Preston association football association football
1 They play in the Championship , the second tier of the English football league system . Championship Football League Championship English football league system English football league system
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4 The club was a founding member of the Football League and completed the inaugural season unbeaten to become the first league champions , in the same season winning the FA Cup without conceding a goal to become the first club to achieve the English football `` Double '' . Football League Football League the inaugural season 1888–89 Football League league champions List of English football champions FA Cup FA Cup Double Double (association football)
5 Preston 's unbeaten League and Cup season earned them the nickname `` The Invincibles '' . The Invincibles The Invincibles (football)
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8 Preston 's most recent major trophy success was their FA Cup victory over Huddersfield Town in 1938 . FA Cup FA Cup Huddersfield Town Huddersfield Town F.C. 1938 FA Cup Final 1938
9 Many notable players have played for the club , including Tom Finney , Bill Shankly , Tommy Docherty , Alan Kelly , Sr. and Graham Alexander . Tom Finney Tom Finney Bill Shankly Bill Shankly Tommy Docherty Tommy Docherty Graham Alexander Graham Alexander
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12 Based on results achieved in the Football League from 1888 -- 89 to 2015 -- 16 , Preston were ranked as the fourth most-successful English football club of all time domestically , while only Notts County had played more Football League games than Preston . Football League Football League Notts County Notts County F.C.
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Popular_culture | Popular culture or pop culture is the entirety of attitudes , ideas , images , perspectives , and other phenomena within the mainstream of a given culture , especially Western culture of the early to mid-20th century and the emerging global mainstream of the late 20th and early 21st century . Heavily influenced by mass media , this collection of ideas permeates the everyday lives of the society . The most common pop culture categories are : entertainment -LRB- movies , music , television , games -RRB- , sports , news -LRB- as in people/places in news -RRB- , politics , fashion/clothes , technology , and slang . Popular culture has a way of influencing an individual 's attitudes towards certain topics . Popular culture is often viewed as being trivial and `` dumbed down '' in order to find consensual acceptance throughout the mainstream . As a result , it comes under heavy criticism from various non-mainstream sources -LRB- most notably religious groups and countercultural groups -RRB- which deem it superficial , consumerist , sensationalist , or corrupt . | 0 Popular culture or pop culture is the entirety of attitudes , ideas , images , perspectives , and other phenomena within the mainstream of a given culture , especially Western culture of the early to mid-20th century and the emerging global mainstream of the late 20th and early 21st century . attitudes attitude (psychology) ideas idea images image perspectives Point of view (philosophy) phenomena Phenomenon mainstream mainstream culture Cultural anthropology Western culture Western culture global globalization
1 Heavily influenced by mass media , this collection of ideas permeates the everyday lives of the society . ideas idea mass media mass media everyday lives everyday life society society
2 The most common pop culture categories are : entertainment -LRB- movies , music , television , games -RRB- , sports , news -LRB- as in people/places in news -RRB- , politics , fashion/clothes , technology , and slang . culture Cultural anthropology
3 Popular culture has a way of influencing an individual 's attitudes towards certain topics . attitudes attitude (psychology) culture Cultural anthropology
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6 Popular culture is often viewed as being trivial and `` dumbed down '' in order to find consensual acceptance throughout the mainstream . mainstream mainstream culture Cultural anthropology dumbed down Dumbing down
7 As a result , it comes under heavy criticism from various non-mainstream sources -LRB- most notably religious groups and countercultural groups -RRB- which deem it superficial , consumerist , sensationalist , or corrupt . mainstream mainstream non-mainstream Subculture religious Religion countercultural Counterculture consumerist Consumerism sensationalist Sensationalism
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Pop_rock | Pop rock -LRB- also typeset as pop/rock ; sometimes called guitar pop -RRB- is rock music with a lighter , smoother approach that is more reminiscent of commercial pop music . Originating in the 1950s as an alternative to rock and roll , early pop rock was influenced by the beat , arrangements , and style of rock and roll -LRB- and sometimes doo-wop -RRB- , but placed a greater emphasis on professional songwriting and recording craft . It may be viewed as one genre field , rather than two distinct categories . The detractors of pop rock often deride it as a slick , commercial product , less authentic than rock music . | 0 Pop rock -LRB- also typeset as pop/rock ; sometimes called guitar pop -RRB- is rock music with a lighter , smoother approach that is more reminiscent of commercial pop music . Pop Pop music rock Rock music rock music rock music pop music pop music
1 Originating in the 1950s as an alternative to rock and roll , early pop rock was influenced by the beat , arrangements , and style of rock and roll -LRB- and sometimes doo-wop -RRB- , but placed a greater emphasis on professional songwriting and recording craft . rock Rock music doo-wop doo-wop rock and roll rock and roll
2 It may be viewed as one genre field , rather than two distinct categories .
3 The detractors of pop rock often deride it as a slick , commercial product , less authentic than rock music . rock Rock music rock music rock music less authentic than rock music Rockism
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Professional_wrestling | Professional wrestling -LRB- often shortened pro wrestling , wrestling -RRB- is a form of performance art which combines athletics with theatrical performance.Roland Barthes , `` The World of Wrestling '' , Mythologies , 1957 It takes the form of events , held by touring companies , which mimic a title match combat sport . The unique form of sport portrayed is fundamentally based on classical and `` catch '' wrestling , with modern additions of striking attacks , strength-based holds and throws , and acrobatic maneuvers ; much of these derive from the influence of various international martial arts . An additional aspect of combat with improvised weaponry is sometimes included to varying degrees . The matches have predetermined outcomes to heighten entertainment value , and all combative maneuvers are executed with the full cooperation of those involved and carefully performed in specific manners intended to lessen the chance of actual injury . These facts were once kept highly secretive but are now a widely accepted open secret . By and large , the true nature of the performance is not discussed by the performing company in official media to sustain and promote the willing suspension of disbelief for the audience by maintaining an aura of verisimilitude . Fan communications by individual wrestlers and promotions through outside media -LRB- i.e. interviews -RRB- will often directly acknowledge the dramatic and `` fixed '' nature of the spectacle . | 0 Professional wrestling -LRB- often shortened pro wrestling , wrestling -RRB- is a form of performance art which combines athletics with theatrical performance.Roland Barthes , `` The World of Wrestling '' , Mythologies , 1957 It takes the form of events , held by touring companies , which mimic a title match combat sport . performance art performance art athletics athletics (US) theatrical performance performing arts touring companies Professional wrestling promotion mimic mock combat title match Champion#Title match system combat sport combat sport
1 The unique form of sport portrayed is fundamentally based on classical and `` catch '' wrestling , with modern additions of striking attacks , strength-based holds and throws , and acrobatic maneuvers ; much of these derive from the influence of various international martial arts . classical Greek wrestling strength-based strength athletics holds and throws grappling acrobatic maneuvers acrobatics various international List of martial arts martial arts martial arts
2 An additional aspect of combat with improvised weaponry is sometimes included to varying degrees .
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5 The matches have predetermined outcomes to heighten entertainment value , and all combative maneuvers are executed with the full cooperation of those involved and carefully performed in specific manners intended to lessen the chance of actual injury . entertainment entertainment executed with the full cooperation of those involved Glossary of professional wrestling terms#Work (noun)
6 These facts were once kept highly secretive but are now a widely accepted open secret . highly secretive trade secret open secret open secret
7 By and large , the true nature of the performance is not discussed by the performing company in official media to sustain and promote the willing suspension of disbelief for the audience by maintaining an aura of verisimilitude . suspension of disbelief suspension of disbelief verisimilitude verisimilitude
8 Fan communications by individual wrestlers and promotions through outside media -LRB- i.e. interviews -RRB- will often directly acknowledge the dramatic and `` fixed '' nature of the spectacle .
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Prison_Break-COLON-_The_Final_Break | Prison Break : The Final Break is a 2009 television movie of the Prison Break franchise . The movie aired May 27 in the United Kingdom on Sky1 . In the United States and Canada , the movie was first released on DVD and Blu-ray on July 21 , 2009 . The movie covers the events which occurred in between the downfall of The Company , and the revelation of Michael Scofield 's -LRB- Wentworth Miller -RRB- death , which were not explained in the finale of season four . It details the manipulated arrest and incarceration of Sara Tancredi -LRB- Sarah Wayne Callies -RRB- for the murder of Christina Scofield -LRB- Kathleen Quinlan -RRB- , the final escape plan which Michael devises for Sara , and the details surrounding Michael 's death . It also reveals the ultimate fate of Gretchen Morgan -LRB- Jodi Lyn O'Keefe -RRB- . | 0 Prison Break : The Final Break is a 2009 television movie of the Prison Break franchise . television movie television movie Prison Break Prison Break
1 The movie aired May 27 in the United Kingdom on Sky1 . United Kingdom United Kingdom Sky1 Sky1
2 In the United States and Canada , the movie was first released on DVD and Blu-ray on July 21 , 2009 . United States United States Canada Canada
3 The movie covers the events which occurred in between the downfall of The Company , and the revelation of Michael Scofield 's -LRB- Wentworth Miller -RRB- death , which were not explained in the finale of season four . Wentworth Miller Wentworth Miller The Company The Company (Prison Break) Michael Scofield Michael Scofield
4 It details the manipulated arrest and incarceration of Sara Tancredi -LRB- Sarah Wayne Callies -RRB- for the murder of Christina Scofield -LRB- Kathleen Quinlan -RRB- , the final escape plan which Michael devises for Sara , and the details surrounding Michael 's death . Sarah Wayne Callies Sarah Wayne Callies Sara Tancredi Sara Tancredi Kathleen Quinlan Kathleen Quinlan
5 It also reveals the ultimate fate of Gretchen Morgan -LRB- Jodi Lyn O'Keefe -RRB- . Jodi Lyn O'Keefe Jodi Lyn O'Keefe Gretchen Morgan Gretchen Morgan
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Purple_Haze | `` Purple Haze '' is a song written by Jimi Hendrix and released as the second record single by the Jimi Hendrix Experience on March 17 , 1967 . As a record chart hit in several countries and the opening number on the Experience 's debut American album , it was many people 's first exposure to Hendrix 's psychedelic rock sound . The song features his inventive guitar playing , which uses the signature Hendrix chord and a mix of blues and Eastern modalities , shaped by novel sound processing techniques . Because of ambiguities in the lyrics , listeners often interpret the song as referring to a psychedelic experience , although Hendrix described it as a love song . `` Purple Haze '' is one of Hendrix 's best-known songs and appears on many Hendrix compilation albums . The song featured regularly in concerts and each of Hendrix 's group configurations issued live recordings . It was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame and is included on lists of the greatest guitar songs , including at number two by Rolling Stone and number one by Q magazine . | 0 `` Purple Haze '' is a song written by Jimi Hendrix and released as the second record single by the Jimi Hendrix Experience on March 17 , 1967 . Jimi Hendrix Jimi Hendrix the Jimi Hendrix Experience the Jimi Hendrix Experience
1 As a record chart hit in several countries and the opening number on the Experience 's debut American album , it was many people 's first exposure to Hendrix 's psychedelic rock sound . psychedelic rock psychedelic rock
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4 The song features his inventive guitar playing , which uses the signature Hendrix chord and a mix of blues and Eastern modalities , shaped by novel sound processing techniques . Hendrix chord Hendrix chord
5 Because of ambiguities in the lyrics , listeners often interpret the song as referring to a psychedelic experience , although Hendrix described it as a love song . psychedelic experience psychedelic experience
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8 `` Purple Haze '' is one of Hendrix 's best-known songs and appears on many Hendrix compilation albums .
9 The song featured regularly in concerts and each of Hendrix 's group configurations issued live recordings .
10 It was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame and is included on lists of the greatest guitar songs , including at number two by Rolling Stone and number one by Q magazine . Grammy Hall of Fame Grammy Hall of Fame
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Quebec | Quebec -LRB- pronounced -LSB- audio = En-Quebec . ogvkwᵻˈbɛk -RSB- or -LSB- kəˈbɛk -RSB- Québec -LSB- kebɛk -RSB- -RRB- is the second-most populous province of Canada and the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population , with French as the sole provincial official language . Quebec is Canada 's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division ; only the territory of Nunavut is larger . It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario , James Bay , and Hudson Bay ; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay ; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador ; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the US states of Maine , New Hampshire , Vermont , and New York . It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia . Quebec is Canada 's second-most populous province , after Ontario . Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City , the capital . Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area , including the Island of Montreal . English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais , Eastern Townships , and Gaspé regions . The Nord-du-Québec region , occupying the northern half of the province , is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples . The climate around the major cities is four-season continental with cold and snowy winters combined with warm to hot humid summers , but further north long winter seasons dominate and as a result the northern areas of the province are marked by tundra conditions . Even in central Quebec at comparatively southerly latitudes winters are severe in inland areas . Quebec independence debates have played a large role in the politics of the province . Parti Québécois governments held referendums on sovereignty in 1980 and 1995 ; both were voted down by voters , the latter defeated by a very narrow margin . In 2006 , the House of Commons of Canada passed a symbolic motion recognizing the `` Québécois as a nation within a united Canada . '' While the province 's substantial natural resources have long been the mainstay of its economy , sectors of the knowledge economy such as aerospace , information and communication technologies , biotechnology , and the pharmaceutical industry also play leading roles . These many industries have all contributed to helping Quebec become an economically influential province within Canada , second only to Ontario in economic output . | 0 Quebec -LRB- pronounced -LSB- audio = En-Quebec .
1 ogvkwᵻˈbɛk -RSB- or -LSB- kəˈbɛk -RSB- Québec -LSB- kebɛk -RSB- -RRB- is the second-most populous province of Canada and the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population , with French as the sole provincial official language . French French language Québec Quebec City second-most List of Canadian provinces and territories province Provinces and territories of Canada Canada Canada French-speaking List of territorial entities where French is an official language official language official language
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4 Quebec is Canada 's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division ; only the territory of Nunavut is larger . province Provinces and territories of Canada Canada Canada administrative division Canada#Administrative divisions Nunavut Nunavut
5 It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario , James Bay , and Hudson Bay ; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay ; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador ; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the US states of Maine , New Hampshire , Vermont , and New York . province Provinces and territories of Canada Ontario Ontario James Bay James Bay Hudson Bay Hudson Bay Hudson Strait Hudson Strait Ungava Bay Ungava Bay Gulf of Saint Lawrence Gulf of Saint Lawrence Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador New Brunswick New Brunswick US United States Maine Maine New Hampshire New Hampshire Vermont Vermont New York New York (state)
6 It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia . Nunavut Nunavut Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia Nova Scotia
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9 Quebec is Canada 's second-most populous province , after Ontario . second-most List of Canadian provinces and territories province Provinces and territories of Canada Canada Canada Ontario Ontario
10 Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City , the capital . Montreal Montreal Saint Lawrence River Saint Lawrence River Quebec City Quebec City
11 Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area , including the Island of Montreal . Montreal Montreal Greater Montreal Greater Montreal Island of Montreal Island of Montreal
12 English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais , Eastern Townships , and Gaspé regions . Montreal Montreal English English language English-speaking communities English-speaking Quebecer Outaouais Outaouais Eastern Townships Eastern Townships Gaspé Gaspé Peninsula
13 The Nord-du-Québec region , occupying the northern half of the province , is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples . Québec Quebec City province Provinces and territories of Canada Nord-du-Québec Nord-du-Québec Aboriginal peoples Aboriginal peoples in Canada
14 The climate around the major cities is four-season continental with cold and snowy winters combined with warm to hot humid summers , but further north long winter seasons dominate and as a result the northern areas of the province are marked by tundra conditions . province Provinces and territories of Canada continental humid continental climate tundra tundra
15 Even in central Quebec at comparatively southerly latitudes winters are severe in inland areas .
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18 Quebec independence debates have played a large role in the politics of the province . province Provinces and territories of Canada Quebec independence Quebec sovereignty movement politics of the province politics of Quebec
19 Parti Québécois governments held referendums on sovereignty in 1980 and 1995 ; both were voted down by voters , the latter defeated by a very narrow margin . Québécois Québécois people Parti Québécois Parti Québécois governments Government of Quebec sovereignty sovereignty 1980 Quebec referendum, 1980 1995 Quebec referendum, 1995
20 In 2006 , the House of Commons of Canada passed a symbolic motion recognizing the `` Québécois as a nation within a united Canada . '' Québécois Québécois people Canada Canada House of Commons of Canada House of Commons of Canada a symbolic motion Québécois nation motion
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23 While the province 's substantial natural resources have long been the mainstay of its economy , sectors of the knowledge economy such as aerospace , information and communication technologies , biotechnology , and the pharmaceutical industry also play leading roles . province Provinces and territories of Canada knowledge economy knowledge economy aerospace aerospace biotechnology biotechnology pharmaceutical industry pharmaceutical industry
24 These many industries have all contributed to helping Quebec become an economically influential province within Canada , second only to Ontario in economic output . province Provinces and territories of Canada Canada Canada Ontario Ontario
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Prompt_book | The prompt book , also called transcript , the bible or sometimes simply `` the book , '' is the copy of a production script that contains the information necessary to create a theatrical production from the ground up . It is a compilation of all blocking , business , light , speech and sound cues , lists of properties , drawings of the set , contact information for the cast and crew , and any other relevant information that might be necessary to help the production run smoothly and nicely . In modern theatrical productions , the prompt book is generally maintained and kept by the stage manager , with differences in the specific construction and organization to suit the style of the stage manager keeping the book , and the type of production -LRB- legitimate theatre , musical theatre , dance , opera , etc. -RRB- . | 0 The prompt book , also called transcript , the bible or sometimes simply `` the book , '' is the copy of a production script that contains the information necessary to create a theatrical production from the ground up . script Script (recorded media)
1 It is a compilation of all blocking , business , light , speech and sound cues , lists of properties , drawings of the set , contact information for the cast and crew , and any other relevant information that might be necessary to help the production run smoothly and nicely . blocking blocking (stage) cues cue (theatrical) properties theatrical property cast Cast member crew stagehand
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4 In modern theatrical productions , the prompt book is generally maintained and kept by the stage manager , with differences in the specific construction and organization to suit the style of the stage manager keeping the book , and the type of production -LRB- legitimate theatre , musical theatre , dance , opera , etc. -RRB- . stage manager stage manager
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Precious_-LRB-film-RRB- | Precious : Base on Nol by Saf -LRB- Based on the Novel `` Push '' by Sapphire -RRB- , or simply Precious , is a 2009 American drama film , directed and co-produced by Lee Daniels . Precious is an adaptation by Geoffrey S. Fletcher of the 1996 novel Push by Sapphire . The film stars Gabourey Sidibe , Mo'Nique , Paula Patton , and Mariah Carey . This film marked the acting debut of Sidibe . The film , then without a distributor , premiered to acclaim at both the 2009 Sundance Film Festival and the 2009 Cannes Film Festival , under its original title of Push : Based on the Novel by Sapphire . At Sundance , it won the Audience Award and the Grand Jury Prize for best drama , as well as a Special Jury Prize for supporting actress Mo'Nique . After Precious '' ' screening at Sundance in January 2009 , Tyler Perry announced that he and Oprah Winfrey would be providing promotional assistance to the film , which was released through Lionsgate Entertainment . Precious won the People 's Choice Award at the Toronto International Film Festival in September . The film 's title was changed from Push to Precious : Based on the Novel `` Push '' by Sapphire , to avoid confusion with the 2009 action film Push . Precious was also an official selection at the 62nd Cannes Film Festival -LRB- particularly the un certain regard section -RRB- . Lionsgate gave the film a limited release in North America on November 6 , 2009 -LRB- the release was expanded on November 20 -RRB- . Precious received largely positive reviews from critics ; the acting , the story , and its message were generally praised . In the film 's opening weekend in limited release , it grossed $ 1.8 million , putting it in 12th place at the box office . As of February 2010 , the film had grossed over $ 47 million domestically , ranking no. 65 for 2009 , recouping its $ 10 million budget , and making it a box office success.Precious '' received six Academy Award nominations , including one for Best Picture , at the 82nd Academy Awards . Geoffrey Fletcher won for Best Adapted Screenplay . Mo'Nique won the award for Best Supporting Actress , for which she received a standing ovation at the ceremony , along with numerous other accolades . | 0 Precious : Base on Nol by Saf -LRB- Based on the Novel `` Push '' by Sapphire -RRB- , or simply Precious , is a 2009 American drama film , directed and co-produced by Lee Daniels . Lee Daniels Lee Daniels Push Push (2009 film) Sapphire Sapphire (author) drama film drama film
1 Precious is an adaptation by Geoffrey S. Fletcher of the 1996 novel Push by Sapphire . Geoffrey S. Fletcher Geoffrey S. Fletcher Push Push (2009 film) Sapphire Sapphire (author)
2 The film stars Gabourey Sidibe , Mo'Nique , Paula Patton , and Mariah Carey . Gabourey Sidibe Gabourey Sidibe Mo'Nique Mo'Nique Paula Patton Paula Patton Mariah Carey Mariah Carey
3 This film marked the acting debut of Sidibe .
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6 The film , then without a distributor , premiered to acclaim at both the 2009 Sundance Film Festival and the 2009 Cannes Film Festival , under its original title of Push : Based on the Novel by Sapphire . Push Push (2009 film) Sapphire Sapphire (author) Sundance 2009 Sundance Film Festival Sundance Film Festival Sundance Film Festival 2009 Cannes Film Festival 2009 Cannes Film Festival
7 At Sundance , it won the Audience Award and the Grand Jury Prize for best drama , as well as a Special Jury Prize for supporting actress Mo'Nique . Mo'Nique Mo'Nique Sundance 2009 Sundance Film Festival
8 After Precious '' ' screening at Sundance in January 2009 , Tyler Perry announced that he and Oprah Winfrey would be providing promotional assistance to the film , which was released through Lionsgate Entertainment . Oprah Winfrey Oprah Winfrey Tyler Perry Tyler Perry Lionsgate Lionsgate Sundance 2009 Sundance Film Festival Lionsgate Entertainment Lionsgate Entertainment
9 Precious won the People 's Choice Award at the Toronto International Film Festival in September . Toronto International Film Festival Toronto International Film Festival
10 The film 's title was changed from Push to Precious : Based on the Novel `` Push '' by Sapphire , to avoid confusion with the 2009 action film Push . Push Push (2009 film) Sapphire Sapphire (author)
11 Precious was also an official selection at the 62nd Cannes Film Festival -LRB- particularly the un certain regard section -RRB- .
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14 Lionsgate gave the film a limited release in North America on November 6 , 2009 -LRB- the release was expanded on November 20 -RRB- . Lionsgate Lionsgate
15 Precious received largely positive reviews from critics ; the acting , the story , and its message were generally praised .
16 In the film 's opening weekend in limited release , it grossed $ 1.8 million , putting it in 12th place at the box office .
17 As of February 2010 , the film had grossed over $ 47 million domestically , ranking no. 65 for 2009 , recouping its $ 10 million budget , and making it a box office success.Precious '' received six Academy Award nominations , including one for Best Picture , at the 82nd Academy Awards . Best Picture Academy Award for Best Picture 82nd Academy Awards 82nd Academy Awards
18 Geoffrey Fletcher won for Best Adapted Screenplay . Best Adapted Screenplay Academy Award for Best Writing (Adapted Screenplay)
19 Mo'Nique won the award for Best Supporting Actress , for which she received a standing ovation at the ceremony , along with numerous other accolades . Mo'Nique Mo'Nique Best Supporting Actress Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress standing ovation standing ovation
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Portal_2 | Portal 2 is a 2011 first-person puzzle-platform video game developed and published by Valve Corporation . It is the sequel to Portal -LRB- 2007 -RRB- and was released on April 19 , 2011 , for Microsoft Windows , OS X , Linux , PlayStation 3 , and Xbox 360 . The retail versions of the game are distributed by Electronic Arts while online distribution of the Microsoft Windows , Mac OS X and Linux versions is handled by Valve 's content delivery service Steam . Portal 2 was announced on March 5 , 2010 , following a week-long alternate reality game based on new patches to the original game . Before the game 's release on Steam , the company released the Potato Sack , a second multi-week alternate reality game , involving 13 independently developed titles which culminated in a distributed computing spoof to release Portal 2 several hours early . The game retains Portals gameplay elements , and adds new features , including tractor beams , laser redirection , bridges made of light , and paint-like ` gels ' accelerating the player 's speed , allowing the player-character to jump higher or place portals on any surface . These gels were created by the team from the Independent Games Festival-winning DigiPen student project Tag : The Power of Paint . In the single-player campaign , the player controls protagonist Chell , awoken from suspended animation after many years , who must navigate the now-dilapidated Aperture Science Enrichment Center during its reconstruction by the reactivated GLaDOS , a powerful supercomputer . The storyline introduces new characters , including Wheatley -LRB- Stephen Merchant -RRB- and Cave Johnson -LRB- J. K. Simmons -RRB- . Ellen McLain reprised the role of GLaDOS . Jonathan Coulton and The National each produced a song for the game . Portal 2 also includes a two-player cooperative mode , in which the robotic player-characters Atlas and P-Body -LRB- both voiced by Dee Bradley Baker -RRB- are each given a portal gun and are required to work together to solve puzzles . Valve provided post-release support for the game , including additional downloadable content and a simplified map editor to allow players to create and share test chambers with others . Although some reviewers initially expressed concerns about the difficulty of expanding Portal into a full sequel , Portal 2 received critical acclaim , particularly for its writing , pacing , and dark humor . The voice work of McLain , Merchant , and Simmons were also praised , as were the new gameplay elements , the challenging but surmountable learning curve , and the additional cooperative mode . Some journalists ranked Portal 2 among the best games of 2011 , and several named it their Game of the Year . Portal 2 has since been hailed as one of the greatest video games of all time . | 0 Portal 2 is a 2011 first-person puzzle-platform video game developed and published by Valve Corporation . Valve Corporation Valve Corporation Portal Portal (video game) first-person first-person (video games) puzzle-platform Platform game#Puzzle platformers video game video game
1 It is the sequel to Portal -LRB- 2007 -RRB- and was released on April 19 , 2011 , for Microsoft Windows , OS X , Linux , PlayStation 3 , and Xbox 360 . Portal Portal (video game) Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows OS X OS X Linux Linux PlayStation 3 PlayStation 3 Xbox 360 Xbox 360
2 The retail versions of the game are distributed by Electronic Arts while online distribution of the Microsoft Windows , Mac OS X and Linux versions is handled by Valve 's content delivery service Steam . Electronic Arts Electronic Arts Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows OS X OS X Linux Linux Steam Steam (software)
3 Portal 2 was announced on March 5 , 2010 , following a week-long alternate reality game based on new patches to the original game . Portal Portal (video game) alternate reality game alternate reality game patches Patch (computing)
4 Before the game 's release on Steam , the company released the Potato Sack , a second multi-week alternate reality game , involving 13 independently developed titles which culminated in a distributed computing spoof to release Portal 2 several hours early . Portal Portal (video game) Steam Steam (software) alternate reality game alternate reality game Potato Sack Potato Sack distributed computing distributed computing
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7 The game retains Portals gameplay elements , and adds new features , including tractor beams , laser redirection , bridges made of light , and paint-like ` gels ' accelerating the player 's speed , allowing the player-character to jump higher or place portals on any surface .
8 These gels were created by the team from the Independent Games Festival-winning DigiPen student project Tag : The Power of Paint . Independent Games Festival Independent Games Festival DigiPen DigiPen Institute of Technology
9 In the single-player campaign , the player controls protagonist Chell , awoken from suspended animation after many years , who must navigate the now-dilapidated Aperture Science Enrichment Center during its reconstruction by the reactivated GLaDOS , a powerful supercomputer . Chell Chell (Portal) suspended animation suspended animation Aperture Science Enrichment Center Locations of Half-Life#Aperture Science Laboratories GLaDOS GLaDOS powerful supercomputer Artificial intelligence in fiction
10 The storyline introduces new characters , including Wheatley -LRB- Stephen Merchant -RRB- and Cave Johnson -LRB- J. K. Simmons -RRB- . Wheatley Wheatley (Portal) Stephen Merchant Stephen Merchant Cave Johnson Cave Johnson (Portal) J. K. Simmons J. K. Simmons
11 Ellen McLain reprised the role of GLaDOS . GLaDOS GLaDOS Ellen McLain Ellen McLain
12 Jonathan Coulton and The National each produced a song for the game . Jonathan Coulton Jonathan Coulton The National The National (band)
13 Portal 2 also includes a two-player cooperative mode , in which the robotic player-characters Atlas and P-Body -LRB- both voiced by Dee Bradley Baker -RRB- are each given a portal gun and are required to work together to solve puzzles . Atlas Characters of Portal#Atlas P-Body Characters of Portal#P-Body Portal Portal (video game) Dee Bradley Baker Dee Bradley Baker
14 Valve provided post-release support for the game , including additional downloadable content and a simplified map editor to allow players to create and share test chambers with others . downloadable content downloadable content map editor Level editor
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17 Although some reviewers initially expressed concerns about the difficulty of expanding Portal into a full sequel , Portal 2 received critical acclaim , particularly for its writing , pacing , and dark humor . Portal Portal (video game) dark humor dark humor
18 The voice work of McLain , Merchant , and Simmons were also praised , as were the new gameplay elements , the challenging but surmountable learning curve , and the additional cooperative mode .
19 Some journalists ranked Portal 2 among the best games of 2011 , and several named it their Game of the Year . Portal Portal (video game)
20 Portal 2 has since been hailed as one of the greatest video games of all time . Portal Portal (video game) one of the greatest video games of all time List of video games considered the best
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Queen_Elizabeth_II's_state_visit_to_the_Republic_of_Ireland | Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and her husband Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , made a state visit to the Republic of Ireland from 17 May to 20 May 2011 , at the invitation of the President of Ireland , Mary McAleese . It was the first visit by a British monarch to the area that is now the Republic of Ireland since the 1911 tour by Elizabeth 's grandfather King George V , when the entire island of Ireland was still part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . The intervening period saw the 1916 proclamation of the Irish Republic during the Easter Rising against British rule in Ireland . A military conflict from January 1919 led ultimately to the partition of Ireland in December 1922 . Northern Ireland remained part of the United Kingdom , while the Irish Free State -LRB- renamed Ireland in 1937 -RRB- became a self-governing and then fully independent Dominion within the British Commonwealth . In 1949 , the Irish state withdrew from the Commonwealth and abolished its last links to the monarchy on the formal declaration of the Republic of Ireland . While the visit was notable for being the first by the Queen to the Republic , she had been visited in London by President Mary Robinson in May 1993 and then several times by President McAleese since 1997 . The visit was seen as a symbolic normalisation of Republic of Ireland -- United Kingdom relations following the signing of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement , which settled most outstanding territorial disputes between the states , including the abandonment by the Republic of its territorial claim to Northern Ireland , thereby removing a major obstacle to a royal visit . Arrangements for the visit included the largest security operation in the history of the Republic of Ireland . During the visit , the Queen visited sites of significance for Irish nationalism in Dublin , such as the Garden of Remembrance and Croke Park , scene of the 1920 Bloody Sunday massacre . She also delivered a widely praised speech on the history of relations between the two countries . The visit was criticised by Irish republican and socialist groups . Sinn Féin , the United Left Alliance , some independent TDs and several smaller republican and socialist groups were opposed to the visit , with protests organised at locations on the Queen 's itinerary . In April 2014 , President Michael D. Higgins reciprocated the Queen 's visit when he became the first Irish president to make a state visit to the United Kingdom . | 0 Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and her husband Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , made a state visit to the Republic of Ireland from 17 May to 20 May 2011 , at the invitation of the President of Ireland , Mary McAleese . Queen Elizabeth II Elizabeth II United Kingdom United Kingdom state visit state visit Republic of Ireland Republic of Ireland President of Ireland President of Ireland Mary McAleese Mary McAleese Ireland Ireland
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3 It was the first visit by a British monarch to the area that is now the Republic of Ireland since the 1911 tour by Elizabeth 's grandfather King George V , when the entire island of Ireland was still part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . United Kingdom United Kingdom Republic of Ireland Republic of Ireland British monarch List of British monarchs George V George V Ireland Ireland United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
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6 The intervening period saw the 1916 proclamation of the Irish Republic during the Easter Rising against British rule in Ireland . Ireland Ireland proclamation of the Irish Republic proclamation of the Irish Republic Easter Rising Easter Rising British rule in Ireland Dublin Castle administration in Ireland
7 A military conflict from January 1919 led ultimately to the partition of Ireland in December 1922 . Ireland Ireland partition of Ireland partition of Ireland
8 Northern Ireland remained part of the United Kingdom , while the Irish Free State -LRB- renamed Ireland in 1937 -RRB- became a self-governing and then fully independent Dominion within the British Commonwealth . United Kingdom United Kingdom Ireland Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Irish Free State Irish Free State Dominion Dominion British Commonwealth British Commonwealth independent Independent (politician)
9 In 1949 , the Irish state withdrew from the Commonwealth and abolished its last links to the monarchy on the formal declaration of the Republic of Ireland . Republic of Ireland Republic of Ireland Ireland Ireland monarchy Monarchy in Ireland formal declaration of the Republic of Ireland Republic of Ireland Act 1948
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12 While the visit was notable for being the first by the Queen to the Republic , she had been visited in London by President Mary Robinson in May 1993 and then several times by President McAleese since 1997 . London London Mary Robinson Mary Robinson
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15 The visit was seen as a symbolic normalisation of Republic of Ireland -- United Kingdom relations following the signing of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement , which settled most outstanding territorial disputes between the states , including the abandonment by the Republic of its territorial claim to Northern Ireland , thereby removing a major obstacle to a royal visit . United Kingdom United Kingdom Republic of Ireland Republic of Ireland Ireland Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Good Friday Agreement Belfast Agreement
16 Arrangements for the visit included the largest security operation in the history of the Republic of Ireland . Republic of Ireland Republic of Ireland Ireland Ireland
17 During the visit , the Queen visited sites of significance for Irish nationalism in Dublin , such as the Garden of Remembrance and Croke Park , scene of the 1920 Bloody Sunday massacre . Irish nationalism Irish nationalism Garden of Remembrance Garden of Remembrance (Dublin) Croke Park Croke Park Bloody Sunday Bloody Sunday (1920)
18 She also delivered a widely praised speech on the history of relations between the two countries .
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21 The visit was criticised by Irish republican and socialist groups . Irish republican Irish republicanism socialist socialism
22 Sinn Féin , the United Left Alliance , some independent TDs and several smaller republican and socialist groups were opposed to the visit , with protests organised at locations on the Queen 's itinerary . socialist socialism Sinn Féin Sinn Féin United Left Alliance United Left Alliance independent Independent (politician) TDs Teachta Dála
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25 In April 2014 , President Michael D. Higgins reciprocated the Queen 's visit when he became the first Irish president to make a state visit to the United Kingdom . United Kingdom United Kingdom state visit state visit Michael D. Higgins Michael D. Higgins
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Prakash_Jha | Prakash Jha -LRB- born 27 February 1952 -RRB- is an Indian film producer , actor , director and screenwriter , mostly known for his political and socio-political films such as Damul -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , Mrityudand -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Gangaajal -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , Apaharan -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , including multistarrer hit movies Raajneeti -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Aarakshan -LRB- 2011 -RRB- Chakravyuh -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , and Satyagraha -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . He is also the maker of National Film Award winning documentaries like , Faces After The Storm -LRB- 1984 -RRB- and Sonal -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . Jha runs a production company , Prakash Jha Productions . Jha also owns the P&M Mall in Patna . | 0 Prakash Jha -LRB- born 27 February 1952 -RRB- is an Indian film producer , actor , director and screenwriter , mostly known for his political and socio-political films such as Damul -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , Mrityudand -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Gangaajal -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , Apaharan -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , including multistarrer hit movies Raajneeti -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Aarakshan -LRB- 2011 -RRB- Chakravyuh -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , and Satyagraha -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . director Film director screenwriter screenwriter actor actor Damul Damul Mrityudand Mrityudand Gangaajal Gangaajal Apaharan Apaharan Raajneeti Raajneeti Aarakshan Aarakshan Chakravyuh Chakravyuh Satyagraha Satyagraha – Democracy Under Fire
1 He is also the maker of National Film Award winning documentaries like , Faces After The Storm -LRB- 1984 -RRB- and Sonal -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . National Film Award National Film Award (India)
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4 Jha runs a production company , Prakash Jha Productions .
5 Jha also owns the P&M Mall in Patna . P&M Mall P&M Mall Patna Patna
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Queen_-LRB-band-RRB- | Queen are a British rock band that formed in London in 1970 . Their classic line-up was Freddie Mercury -LRB- lead vocals , piano -RRB- , Brian May -LRB- lead guitar , vocals -RRB- , Roger Taylor -LRB- drums , vocals -RRB- , and John Deacon -LRB- bass guitar -RRB- . Queen 's earliest works were influenced by progressive rock , hard rock and heavy metal , but the band gradually ventured into more conventional and radio-friendly works by incorporating further styles , such as arena rock and pop rock , into their music . Before forming Queen , Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile . Freddie Mercury -LRB- then known by his birth name of Farrokh `` Freddie '' Bulsara -RRB- was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques . Mercury joined the band in 1970 , suggested `` Queen '' as a new band name , and adopted his familiar stage name . John Deacon was recruited before the band recorded their eponymous debut album in 1973 . Queen first charted in the UK with their second album , Queen II , in 1974 , but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success . The latter featured `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' , which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video . The band 's 1977 album News of the World contained `` We Will Rock You '' and `` We Are the Champions '' , which have become anthems at sporting events . By the early 1980s , Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world . Released in 1980 , `` Another One Bites the Dust '' is their best selling single , while their 1981 compilation album Greatest Hits is the best-selling album in the UK and is certified eight times platinum in the US . Their performance at the 1985 Live Aid concert has been ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications , and the best in a 2005 industry poll . In 1991 , Mercury died of bronchopneumonia , a complication of AIDS , and Deacon retired in 1997 . Since then , May and Taylor have performed under the name of Queen with Paul Rodgers and Adam Lambert as vocalists on several tours . The band have released a total of 18 number-one albums , 18 number-one singles , and 10 number-one DVDs . Estimates of their record sales generally range from 150 million to 300 million records , making them one of the world 's best-selling music artists . Queen received the Outstanding Contribution to British Music Award from the British Phonographic Industry in 1990 . They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001 . | 0 Queen are a British rock band that formed in London in 1970 . British rock British rock London London
1 Their classic line-up was Freddie Mercury -LRB- lead vocals , piano -RRB- , Brian May -LRB- lead guitar , vocals -RRB- , Roger Taylor -LRB- drums , vocals -RRB- , and John Deacon -LRB- bass guitar -RRB- . Brian May Brian May Freddie Mercury Freddie Mercury John Deacon John Deacon Roger Taylor Roger Taylor (Queen drummer)
2 Queen 's earliest works were influenced by progressive rock , hard rock and heavy metal , but the band gradually ventured into more conventional and radio-friendly works by incorporating further styles , such as arena rock and pop rock , into their music . progressive rock progressive rock hard rock hard rock heavy metal Heavy metal music arena rock arena rock pop rock pop rock
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5 Before forming Queen , Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile . Brian May Brian May Roger Taylor Roger Taylor (Queen drummer) Smile Smile (band)
6 Freddie Mercury -LRB- then known by his birth name of Farrokh `` Freddie '' Bulsara -RRB- was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques . Freddie Mercury Freddie Mercury Smile Smile (band)
7 Mercury joined the band in 1970 , suggested `` Queen '' as a new band name , and adopted his familiar stage name .
8 John Deacon was recruited before the band recorded their eponymous debut album in 1973 . John Deacon John Deacon eponymous debut album Queen (Queen album)
9 Queen first charted in the UK with their second album , Queen II , in 1974 , but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success . Queen II Queen II Sheer Heart Attack Sheer Heart Attack A Night at the Opera A Night at the Opera (Queen album)
10 The latter featured `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' , which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video . Bohemian Rhapsody Bohemian Rhapsody music video music video
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13 The band 's 1977 album News of the World contained `` We Will Rock You '' and `` We Are the Champions '' , which have become anthems at sporting events . Rock Rock music News of the World News of the World (album) We Will Rock You We Will Rock You We Are the Champions We Are the Champions
14 By the early 1980s , Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world .
15 Released in 1980 , `` Another One Bites the Dust '' is their best selling single , while their 1981 compilation album Greatest Hits is the best-selling album in the UK and is certified eight times platinum in the US . Another One Bites the Dust Another One Bites the Dust Greatest Hits Greatest Hits (Queen album) best-selling album in the UK List of best-selling albums in the United Kingdom
16 Their performance at the 1985 Live Aid concert has been ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications , and the best in a 2005 industry poll . Live Aid Live Aid
17 In 1991 , Mercury died of bronchopneumonia , a complication of AIDS , and Deacon retired in 1997 . bronchopneumonia bronchopneumonia complication wiktionary:complication AIDS HIV/AIDS
18 Since then , May and Taylor have performed under the name of Queen with Paul Rodgers and Adam Lambert as vocalists on several tours . Paul Rodgers Paul Rodgers Adam Lambert Adam Lambert
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21 The band have released a total of 18 number-one albums , 18 number-one singles , and 10 number-one DVDs .
22 Estimates of their record sales generally range from 150 million to 300 million records , making them one of the world 's best-selling music artists . best-selling music artists List of best-selling music artists
23 Queen received the Outstanding Contribution to British Music Award from the British Phonographic Industry in 1990 . British Phonographic Industry British Phonographic Industry
24 They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001 . Rock Rock music Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
25 |
Professional_boxing | Professional boxing , or prizefighting , emerged in the early twentieth century as boxing gradually attained legitimacy and became a regulated , sanctioned sport . Professional boxing bouts are fought for a purse which is divided between the boxers as determined by contract . Most professional bouts are supervised by a regulatory authority to guarantee the fighters ' safety . Most high-profile bouts obtain the endorsement of a sanctioning body , which awards championship belts , establishes rules , and assigns its own judges and referee . In contrast with amateur boxing , professional bouts are typically much longer and can last up to twelve rounds , though less significant fights can be as short as four rounds . Protective headgear is not permitted , and boxers are generally allowed to take substantial punishment before a fight is halted . Professional boxing has enjoyed a much higher profile than amateur boxing throughout the 20th century and beyond . In Cuba professional boxing is banned -LRB- as of 2007 -RRB- . So was also the case in Sweden between 1970 and 2007 , and Norway between 1981 and 2014 . | 0 Professional boxing , or prizefighting , emerged in the early twentieth century as boxing gradually attained legitimacy and became a regulated , sanctioned sport . boxing boxing
1 Professional boxing bouts are fought for a purse which is divided between the boxers as determined by contract . boxing boxing purse purse bid
2 Most professional bouts are supervised by a regulatory authority to guarantee the fighters ' safety .
3 Most high-profile bouts obtain the endorsement of a sanctioning body , which awards championship belts , establishes rules , and assigns its own judges and referee .
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6 In contrast with amateur boxing , professional bouts are typically much longer and can last up to twelve rounds , though less significant fights can be as short as four rounds . boxing boxing amateur boxing amateur boxing
7 Protective headgear is not permitted , and boxers are generally allowed to take substantial punishment before a fight is halted .
8 Professional boxing has enjoyed a much higher profile than amateur boxing throughout the 20th century and beyond . boxing boxing amateur boxing amateur boxing
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11 In Cuba professional boxing is banned -LRB- as of 2007 -RRB- . boxing boxing
12 So was also the case in Sweden between 1970 and 2007 , and Norway between 1981 and 2014 .
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Puritans | The Puritans were a group of English Reformed Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to `` purify '' the Church of England from its `` Catholic '' practices , maintaining that the Church of England was only partially reformed . | 0 The Puritans were a group of English Reformed Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to `` purify '' the Church of England from its `` Catholic '' practices , maintaining that the Church of England was only partially reformed . English English people Reformed Reformed Protestants Protestants 16th Christianity in the 16th century 17th centuries Christianity in the 17th century Church of England Church of England Catholic Roman Catholic
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Providence,_Rhode_Island | Providence is the capital of and most populous city in the U.S. state of Rhode Island , founded in 1636 , and one of the oldest cities in the United States . It is located in Providence County and is the third most populous city in New England , after Boston and Worcester . Providence has a city population of 179,154 ; it is also part of the Providence metropolitan area which extends into southern Massachusetts . The Providence metropolitan area has an estimated population of 1,604,291 , which exceeds that of Rhode Island as a whole by about 60 % . This can be considered , in turn , to be part of the Greater Boston commuting area , which contains 7.6 million people . Providence was founded by Roger Williams , a religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony . He named the area in honor of `` God 's merciful Providence '' , which he believed was responsible for revealing such a haven for him and his followers to settle . The city is situated at the mouth of the Providence River at the head of Narragansett Bay . Providence was one of the first cities in the country to industrialize and became noted for its textile manufacturing and subsequent machine tool , jewelry , and silverware industries . Today , the city of Providence is home to eight hospitals and seven institutions of higher learning which have shifted the city 's economy into service industries , though it still retains some manufacturing activity . The city was once nicknamed the `` Beehive of Industry '' ; it began rebranding itself as the `` Creative Capital '' in 2009 to emphasize its educational resources and arts community . | 0 Providence is the capital of and most populous city in the U.S. state of Rhode Island , founded in 1636 , and one of the oldest cities in the United States . Rhode Island Rhode Island Providence Providence County, Rhode Island capital Capital city most populous city List of cities by population in New England#List
1 It is located in Providence County and is the third most populous city in New England , after Boston and Worcester . Providence County Providence County, Rhode Island County List of counties in Rhode Island Providence Providence County, Rhode Island most populous city List of cities by population in New England#List New England New England Boston Boston Worcester Worcester, Massachusetts
2 Providence has a city population of 179,154 ; it is also part of the Providence metropolitan area which extends into southern Massachusetts . Providence Providence County, Rhode Island Providence metropolitan area Providence metropolitan area Massachusetts Massachusetts
3 The Providence metropolitan area has an estimated population of 1,604,291 , which exceeds that of Rhode Island as a whole by about 60 % . Rhode Island Rhode Island Providence Providence County, Rhode Island Providence metropolitan area Providence metropolitan area
4 This can be considered , in turn , to be part of the Greater Boston commuting area , which contains 7.6 million people . Boston Boston Greater Boston Greater Boston
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7 Providence was founded by Roger Williams , a religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony . Providence Providence County, Rhode Island Massachusetts Massachusetts Roger Williams Roger Williams (theologian) Massachusetts Bay Colony Massachusetts Bay Colony
8 He named the area in honor of `` God 's merciful Providence '' , which he believed was responsible for revealing such a haven for him and his followers to settle . Providence Providence County, Rhode Island
9 The city is situated at the mouth of the Providence River at the head of Narragansett Bay . Providence River Providence River Providence Providence County, Rhode Island Narragansett Bay Narragansett Bay
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12 Providence was one of the first cities in the country to industrialize and became noted for its textile manufacturing and subsequent machine tool , jewelry , and silverware industries . Providence Providence County, Rhode Island textile manufacturing textile manufacturing machine tool machine tool jewelry jewelry silverware silver (household)
13 Today , the city of Providence is home to eight hospitals and seven institutions of higher learning which have shifted the city 's economy into service industries , though it still retains some manufacturing activity . Providence Providence County, Rhode Island
14 The city was once nicknamed the `` Beehive of Industry '' ; it began rebranding itself as the `` Creative Capital '' in 2009 to emphasize its educational resources and arts community . rebranding rebranding
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Pulp_Fiction | Pulp Fiction is a 1994 American black comedy neo-noir crime film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino , from a story by Tarantino and Roger Avary . Directed in a highly stylized manner , Pulp Fiction connects the intersecting storylines of Los Angeles mobsters , fringe players , small-time criminals , and a mysterious briefcase . The film 's title refers to the pulp magazines and hardboiled crime novels popular during the mid-20th century , known for their graphic violence and punchy dialogue . The screenplay of Pulp Fiction was written in 1992 and 1993 , and incorporated some scenes originally written by Avary for True Romance . Its plot , as in many of Tarantino 's other works , is presented out of chronological order . The film is also self-referential from its opening moments , beginning with a title card that gives two dictionary definitions of `` pulp '' . Considerable screen time is devoted to monologues and casual conversations with eclectic dialogue revealing each character 's perspectives on several subjects , and the film features an ironic combination of humor and strong violence . Its script was reportedly turned down by Columbia TriStar as `` too demented '' . Miramax co-chairman Harvey Weinstein was instantly enthralled with it , however , and the film became the first that Miramax fully financed . Pulp Fiction won the Palme d'Or at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival , and was a major critical and commercial success upon its U.S. release . It revitalized the careers of John Travolta -LRB- who received an Academy Award nomination -RRB- , Samuel L. Jackson , and Uma Thurman . It was also nominated for seven Oscars , including Best Picture ; Tarantino and Avary won for Best Original Screenplay . The nature of its development , marketing , and distribution -- and its consequent profitability -- had a sweeping effect on the field of independent cinema . Since its release , Pulp Fiction has been widely regarded as Tarantino 's masterpiece , with particular praise singled out for its screenwriting . The film 's self-reflexivity , unconventional structure , and extensive use of homage and pastiche have led critics to describe it as a touchstone of postmodern film . It is often considered a cultural watershed , with a strong influence felt not only in later movies that adopted various elements of its style , but in several other media as well . A 2008 Entertainment Weekly poll named it the best film since 1983 , and the work has appeared on many critics ' lists of the greatest films ever made . In 2013 , Pulp Fiction was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . | 0 Pulp Fiction is a 1994 American black comedy neo-noir crime film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino , from a story by Tarantino and Roger Avary . Quentin Tarantino Quentin Tarantino Roger Avary Roger Avary black comedy black comedy neo-noir neo-noir crime film crime film
1 Directed in a highly stylized manner , Pulp Fiction connects the intersecting storylines of Los Angeles mobsters , fringe players , small-time criminals , and a mysterious briefcase .
2 The film 's title refers to the pulp magazines and hardboiled crime novels popular during the mid-20th century , known for their graphic violence and punchy dialogue . hardboiled hardboiled punchy wiktionary:punchy
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5 The screenplay of Pulp Fiction was written in 1992 and 1993 , and incorporated some scenes originally written by Avary for True Romance . True Romance True Romance
6 Its plot , as in many of Tarantino 's other works , is presented out of chronological order . out of chronological order Nonlinear narrative
7 The film is also self-referential from its opening moments , beginning with a title card that gives two dictionary definitions of `` pulp '' . self-referential self-reference title card Intertitle
8 Considerable screen time is devoted to monologues and casual conversations with eclectic dialogue revealing each character 's perspectives on several subjects , and the film features an ironic combination of humor and strong violence . ironic Irony
9 Its script was reportedly turned down by Columbia TriStar as `` too demented '' .
10 Miramax co-chairman Harvey Weinstein was instantly enthralled with it , however , and the film became the first that Miramax fully financed . Miramax Miramax Harvey Weinstein Harvey Weinstein
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13 Pulp Fiction won the Palme d'Or at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival , and was a major critical and commercial success upon its U.S. release . Cannes 1994 Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or Palme d'Or 1994 Cannes Film Festival 1994 Cannes Film Festival
14 It revitalized the careers of John Travolta -LRB- who received an Academy Award nomination -RRB- , Samuel L. Jackson , and Uma Thurman . John Travolta John Travolta Samuel L. Jackson Samuel L. Jackson Uma Thurman Uma Thurman Academy Award nomination Academy Award for Best Actor
15 It was also nominated for seven Oscars , including Best Picture ; Tarantino and Avary won for Best Original Screenplay . Oscars 67th Academy Awards Best Picture Academy Award for Best Picture Best Original Screenplay Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay
16 The nature of its development , marketing , and distribution -- and its consequent profitability -- had a sweeping effect on the field of independent cinema . independent cinema independent film
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19 Since its release , Pulp Fiction has been widely regarded as Tarantino 's masterpiece , with particular praise singled out for its screenwriting .
20 The film 's self-reflexivity , unconventional structure , and extensive use of homage and pastiche have led critics to describe it as a touchstone of postmodern film . homage Homage (arts) pastiche pastiche postmodern film postmodernist film
21 It is often considered a cultural watershed , with a strong influence felt not only in later movies that adopted various elements of its style , but in several other media as well .
22 A 2008 Entertainment Weekly poll named it the best film since 1983 , and the work has appeared on many critics ' lists of the greatest films ever made . Entertainment Weekly Entertainment Weekly greatest films ever made List of films considered the best
23 In 2013 , Pulp Fiction was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . National Film Registry National Film Registry Library of Congress Library of Congress
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Quentin_Tarantino | Quentin Jerome Tarantino -LRB- -LSB- ˌtærənˈtiːnoʊ -RSB- born March 27 , 1963 -RRB- is an American director , writer , and actor . His films are characterized by nonlinear storylines , satirical subject matter , an aestheticization of violence , extended scenes of dialogue , ensemble casts consisting of established and lesser-known performers , references to popular culture , soundtracks primarily containing songs and score pieces from the 1960s to the 1980s , and features of neo-noir film . He is widely considered one of the greatest filmmakers of his generation . His career began in the late 1980s , when he wrote and directed My Best Friend 's Birthday , the screenplay of which formed the basis for True Romance . In the early 1990s , he began his career as an independent filmmaker with the release of Reservoir Dogs in 1992 ; regarded as a classic and cult hit , it was called the `` Greatest Independent Film of All Time '' by Empire . Its popularity was boosted by his second film , Pulp Fiction -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , a black comedy crime film that was a major success both among critics and audiences . Judged the greatest film from 1983 -- 2008 by Entertainment Weekly , many critics and scholars have named it one of the most significant works of modern cinema . For his next effort , Tarantino paid homage to the blaxploitation films of the 1970s with Jackie Brown -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , an adaptation of the novel Rum Punch . Kill Bill , a highly stylized `` revenge flick '' in the cinematic traditions of Kung fu films , Japanese martial arts , Spaghetti Westerns and Italian horror , followed six years later , and was released as two films : Volume 1 in 2003 and Volume 2 in 2004 . Tarantino directed Death Proof -LRB- 2007 -RRB- as part of a double feature with friend Robert Rodriguez , under the collective title Grindhouse . His long-postponed Inglourious Basterds , which tells the fictional alternate history story of two plots to assassinate Nazi Germany 's political leadership , was released in 2009 to positive reviews . After that came 2012 's critically acclaimed Django Unchained , a Western film set in the antebellum era of the Deep South . It became the highest-grossing film of his career so far , making over $ 425 million at the box office . His eighth film , the mystery Western The Hateful Eight , was released in its roadshow version December 25 , 2015 , in 70 mm film format , complete with opening `` overture '' and halfway-point intermission , after the fashion of big-budget films of the 1960s and early 1970s . Tarantino 's films have garnered both critical and commercial success . He has received many industry awards , including two Academy Awards , two Golden Globe Awards , two BAFTA Awards and the Palme d'Or , and has been nominated for an Emmy and a Grammy . He was named one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World by Time in 2005 . Filmmaker and historian Peter Bogdanovich has called him `` the single most influential director of his generation '' . In December 2015 , Tarantino received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry . | 0 Quentin Jerome Tarantino -LRB- -LSB- ˌtærənˈtiːnoʊ -RSB- born March 27 , 1963 -RRB- is an American director , writer , and actor .
1 His films are characterized by nonlinear storylines , satirical subject matter , an aestheticization of violence , extended scenes of dialogue , ensemble casts consisting of established and lesser-known performers , references to popular culture , soundtracks primarily containing songs and score pieces from the 1960s to the 1980s , and features of neo-noir film . His films Quentin Tarantino filmography nonlinear storylines nonlinear narrative aestheticization of violence aestheticization of violence established A-list popular culture popular culture score pieces film score neo-noir neo-noir
2 He is widely considered one of the greatest filmmakers of his generation .
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5 His career began in the late 1980s , when he wrote and directed My Best Friend 's Birthday , the screenplay of which formed the basis for True Romance . True Romance True Romance
6 In the early 1990s , he began his career as an independent filmmaker with the release of Reservoir Dogs in 1992 ; regarded as a classic and cult hit , it was called the `` Greatest Independent Film of All Time '' by Empire . independent Independent film Reservoir Dogs Reservoir Dogs Empire Empire (film magazine) Time Time (magazine)
7 Its popularity was boosted by his second film , Pulp Fiction -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , a black comedy crime film that was a major success both among critics and audiences . Pulp Fiction Pulp Fiction
8 Judged the greatest film from 1983 -- 2008 by Entertainment Weekly , many critics and scholars have named it one of the most significant works of modern cinema . Entertainment Weekly Entertainment Weekly
9 For his next effort , Tarantino paid homage to the blaxploitation films of the 1970s with Jackie Brown -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , an adaptation of the novel Rum Punch . blaxploitation blaxploitation Jackie Brown Jackie Brown Rum Punch Rum Punch
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12 Kill Bill , a highly stylized `` revenge flick '' in the cinematic traditions of Kung fu films , Japanese martial arts , Spaghetti Westerns and Italian horror , followed six years later , and was released as two films : Volume 1 in 2003 and Volume 2 in 2004 . Kill Bill Kill Bill Kung fu films Kung fu films Japanese martial arts Kendo Italian Italian cinema horror Horror film Volume 1 Kill Bill: Volume 1 Volume 2 Kill Bill: Volume 2
13 Tarantino directed Death Proof -LRB- 2007 -RRB- as part of a double feature with friend Robert Rodriguez , under the collective title Grindhouse . Death Proof Death Proof double feature double feature Robert Rodriguez Robert Rodriguez Grindhouse Grindhouse (film)
14 His long-postponed Inglourious Basterds , which tells the fictional alternate history story of two plots to assassinate Nazi Germany 's political leadership , was released in 2009 to positive reviews . Inglourious Basterds Inglourious Basterds
15 After that came 2012 's critically acclaimed Django Unchained , a Western film set in the antebellum era of the Deep South . Django Unchained Django Unchained antebellum era antebellum era Deep South Deep South
16 It became the highest-grossing film of his career so far , making over $ 425 million at the box office .
17 His eighth film , the mystery Western The Hateful Eight , was released in its roadshow version December 25 , 2015 , in 70 mm film format , complete with opening `` overture '' and halfway-point intermission , after the fashion of big-budget films of the 1960s and early 1970s . The Hateful Eight The Hateful Eight roadshow Roadshow theatrical release 70 mm film 70 mm film
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20 Tarantino 's films have garnered both critical and commercial success .
21 He has received many industry awards , including two Academy Awards , two Golden Globe Awards , two BAFTA Awards and the Palme d'Or , and has been nominated for an Emmy and a Grammy . Academy Awards Academy Awards Golden Globe Awards Golden Globe Awards BAFTA Awards BAFTA Awards Palme d'Or Palme d'Or Emmy Primetime Emmy Awards Grammy Grammy Award
22 He was named one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World by Time in 2005 . 100 Most Influential People in the World Time 100 Time Time (magazine)
23 Filmmaker and historian Peter Bogdanovich has called him `` the single most influential director of his generation '' . Peter Bogdanovich Peter Bogdanovich
24 In December 2015 , Tarantino received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry . Hollywood Walk of Fame Hollywood Walk of Fame
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Qatar | Qatar -LRB- -LSB- ˈkætɑːr -RSB- , -LSB- kəˈtɑːr -RSB- قطر -LSB- ˈqɑtˤɑr -RSB- Local vernacular pronunciation : -LSB- ˈɡɪtˤɑr -RSB- -RRB- , officially the State of Qatar , is a sovereign country located in Western Asia , occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula . Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south , with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf . A strait in the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island country of Bahrain , as well as sharing maritime borders with the United Arab Emirates and Iran . Following Ottoman rule , Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971 . Qatar has been ruled by the House of Thani since the early 19th century . Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani was the founder of the State of Qatar . Qatar is a hereditary monarchy and its head of state is Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani . Whether it should be regarded as a constitutional or an absolute monarchy is a matter of opinion . In 2003 , the constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum , with almost 98 % in favour . In early 2017 , Qatar 's total population was 2.6 million : 313,000 Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates . Qatar is a high income economy , backed by the world 's third largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves . The country has the highest per capita income in the world . Qatar is classified by the UN as a country of very high human development and is the most advanced Arab state for human development . Qatar is a significant power in the Arab world , supporting several rebel groups during the Arab Spring both financially and through its globally expanding media group , Al Jazeera Media Network . For its size , Qatar wields disproportionate influence in the world , and has been identified as a middle power . Qatar will host the 2022 FIFA World Cup , becoming the first Arab country to do so . | 0 Qatar -LRB- -LSB- ˈkætɑːr -RSB- , -LSB- kəˈtɑːr -RSB- قطر -LSB- ˈqɑtˤɑr -RSB- Local vernacular pronunciation : -LSB- ˈɡɪtˤɑr -RSB- -RRB- , officially the State of Qatar , is a sovereign country located in Western Asia , occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula . Arabian Peninsula Arabian Peninsula sovereign Sovereignty country country Western Asia Western Asia Qatar Peninsula Qatar Peninsula
1 Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south , with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf . Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia
2 A strait in the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island country of Bahrain , as well as sharing maritime borders with the United Arab Emirates and Iran . Arab Arab country country Bahrain Bahrain United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates Iran Iran
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5 Following Ottoman rule , Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971 . Ottoman Ottoman Empire British protectorate British protectorate
6 Qatar has been ruled by the House of Thani since the early 19th century . House of Thani House of Thani
7 Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani was the founder of the State of Qatar . Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani
8 Qatar is a hereditary monarchy and its head of state is Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani . monarchy monarchy Emir List of emirs of Qatar Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
9 Whether it should be regarded as a constitutional or an absolute monarchy is a matter of opinion . constitutional constitutional monarchy monarchy monarchy absolute monarchy absolute monarchy
10 In 2003 , the constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum , with almost 98 % in favour .
11 In early 2017 , Qatar 's total population was 2.6 million : 313,000 Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates . expatriates expatriates
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14 Qatar is a high income economy , backed by the world 's third largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves . high income economy high income economy natural gas reserves List of countries by natural gas proven reserves
15 The country has the highest per capita income in the world . country country highest List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita per capita income per capita income
16 Qatar is classified by the UN as a country of very high human development and is the most advanced Arab state for human development . Arab Arab country country
17 Qatar is a significant power in the Arab world , supporting several rebel groups during the Arab Spring both financially and through its globally expanding media group , Al Jazeera Media Network . Arab Arab rebel rebellion Arab Spring Arab Spring Al Jazeera Media Network Al Jazeera Media Network
18 For its size , Qatar wields disproportionate influence in the world , and has been identified as a middle power . middle power middle power
19 Qatar will host the 2022 FIFA World Cup , becoming the first Arab country to do so . Arab Arab country country 2022 FIFA World Cup 2022 FIFA World Cup
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Punisher | The Punisher -LRB- Francis `` Frank '' Castle -RRB- is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character was created by writer Gerry Conway and artists John Romita Sr. and Ross Andru , with publisher Stan Lee green-lighting the name . The Punisher made his first appearance in The Amazing Spider-Man # 129 -LRB- cover-dated Feb. 1974 -RRB- . The Punisher is a vigilante who employs murder , kidnapping , extortion , coercion , threats of violence , and torture in his war on crime . Driven by the deaths of his wife and two children , who were killed by the mob for witnessing a killing in New York City 's Central Park , the Punisher wages a one-man war on the mob and all criminals in general by using all manner of conventional war weaponry . His family 's killers were the first to be slain . A war veteran and a United States Marine Corps Scout Sniper , Frank Castle -LRB- born Francis Castiglione -RRB- is a master of martial arts , stealth tactics , guerrilla warfare , and a wide variety of weapons . The Punisher 's brutal nature and willingness to kill made him a novel character in mainstream American comic books in 1974 . By the late 1980s , he was part of a wave of psychologically troubled antiheroes and at the height of his popularity , was featured in four monthly publications , including The Punisher , The Punisher War Journal , The Punisher War Zone , and The Punisher Armory . Despite his violent actions and dark nature , the Punisher has enjoyed some mainstream success on television , making guest appearances on Spider-Man : The Animated Series , and The Super Hero Squad Show , where the depiction of his violent behavior was toned down for family viewers . In feature films , Dolph Lundgren portrayed the Punisher in 1989 , as did Thomas Jane in 2004 , and Ray Stevenson in 2008 . Jon Bernthal portrays the character in the second season of Marvel 's Daredevil as a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe . Bernthal is set to reprise the role in The Punisher , his own self-titled series . | 0 The Punisher -LRB- Francis `` Frank '' Castle -RRB- is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Punisher The Punisher (2004 series) Marvel Comics Marvel Comics fictional character fictional character The Punisher The Punisher (TV series)
1 The character was created by writer Gerry Conway and artists John Romita Sr. and Ross Andru , with publisher Stan Lee green-lighting the name . Gerry Conway Gerry Conway Ross Andru Ross Andru Stan Lee Stan Lee
2 The Punisher made his first appearance in The Amazing Spider-Man # 129 -LRB- cover-dated Feb. 1974 -RRB- . Punisher The Punisher (2004 series) 1974 1974 in comics The Punisher The Punisher (TV series)
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5 The Punisher is a vigilante who employs murder , kidnapping , extortion , coercion , threats of violence , and torture in his war on crime . Punisher The Punisher (2004 series) vigilante vigilante murder murder kidnapping kidnapping extortion extortion coercion coercion threats of violence Assault (tort) torture torture The Punisher The Punisher (TV series)
6 Driven by the deaths of his wife and two children , who were killed by the mob for witnessing a killing in New York City 's Central Park , the Punisher wages a one-man war on the mob and all criminals in general by using all manner of conventional war weaponry . Punisher The Punisher (2004 series) mob American Mafia New York City New York City Central Park Central Park
7 His family 's killers were the first to be slain .
8 A war veteran and a United States Marine Corps Scout Sniper , Frank Castle -LRB- born Francis Castiglione -RRB- is a master of martial arts , stealth tactics , guerrilla warfare , and a wide variety of weapons . United States Marine Corps United States Marine Corps veteran veteran United States Marine Corps Scout Sniper United States Marine Corps Scout Sniper martial arts martial arts guerrilla warfare guerrilla warfare
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11 The Punisher 's brutal nature and willingness to kill made him a novel character in mainstream American comic books in 1974 . Punisher The Punisher (2004 series) 1974 1974 in comics The Punisher The Punisher (TV series)
12 By the late 1980s , he was part of a wave of psychologically troubled antiheroes and at the height of his popularity , was featured in four monthly publications , including The Punisher , The Punisher War Journal , The Punisher War Zone , and The Punisher Armory . Punisher The Punisher (2004 series) The Punisher The Punisher (TV series)
13 Despite his violent actions and dark nature , the Punisher has enjoyed some mainstream success on television , making guest appearances on Spider-Man : The Animated Series , and The Super Hero Squad Show , where the depiction of his violent behavior was toned down for family viewers . Punisher The Punisher (2004 series) television television The Super Hero Squad Show The Super Hero Squad Show
14 In feature films , Dolph Lundgren portrayed the Punisher in 1989 , as did Thomas Jane in 2004 , and Ray Stevenson in 2008 . Punisher The Punisher (2004 series) Dolph Lundgren Dolph Lundgren 1989 The Punisher (1989 film) Thomas Jane Thomas Jane 2004 The Punisher (2004 film) Ray Stevenson Ray Stevenson (actor) 2008 Punisher: War Zone
15 Jon Bernthal portrays the character in the second season of Marvel 's Daredevil as a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe . Jon Bernthal Jon Bernthal second season Daredevil (season 2) Marvel Cinematic Universe Marvel Cinematic Universe
16 Bernthal is set to reprise the role in The Punisher , his own self-titled series . Punisher The Punisher (2004 series) The Punisher The Punisher (TV series)
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Premium_Rush | Premium Rush is a 2012 American action-thriller film directed by David Koepp and written by Koepp and John Kamps . The film stars Joseph Gordon-Levitt , Michael Shannon , Dania Ramirez and Jamie Chung . It follows a bicycle messenger chased around New York City by a corrupt police officer who wants an envelope the messenger has . It was released on August 24 , 2012 by Columbia Pictures . | 0 Premium Rush is a 2012 American action-thriller film directed by David Koepp and written by Koepp and John Kamps . David Koepp David Koepp action action film thriller thriller (genre)
1 The film stars Joseph Gordon-Levitt , Michael Shannon , Dania Ramirez and Jamie Chung . Joseph Gordon-Levitt Joseph Gordon-Levitt Michael Shannon Michael Shannon Dania Ramirez Dania Ramirez Jamie Chung Jamie Chung
2 It follows a bicycle messenger chased around New York City by a corrupt police officer who wants an envelope the messenger has . bicycle messenger bicycle messenger New York City New York City
3 It was released on August 24 , 2012 by Columbia Pictures . Columbia Pictures Columbia Pictures
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Preacher_-LRB-TV_series-RRB- | Preacher is an American television series developed by Sam Catlin , Evan Goldberg , and Seth Rogen for AMC starring Dominic Cooper . It is an adaptation of the comic book series Preacher created by Garth Ennis and Steve Dillon , and published by DC Comics ' Vertigo imprint . The series was officially picked up on September 9 , 2015 , with a ten-episode order which premiered on May 22 , 2016 . On June 29 , 2016 , AMC renewed the series for a 13-episode second season to premiere on June 25 , 2017 . | 0 Preacher is an American television series developed by Sam Catlin , Evan Goldberg , and Seth Rogen for AMC starring Dominic Cooper . Preacher Preacher (comics) Sam Catlin Sam Catlin Seth Rogen Seth Rogen Evan Goldberg Evan Goldberg Dominic Cooper Dominic Cooper AMC AMC (TV channel) television series television series
1 It is an adaptation of the comic book series Preacher created by Garth Ennis and Steve Dillon , and published by DC Comics ' Vertigo imprint . Preacher Preacher (comics) Garth Ennis Garth Ennis Steve Dillon Steve Dillon DC Comics DC Comics Vertigo Vertigo (DC Comics)
2 The series was officially picked up on September 9 , 2015 , with a ten-episode order which premiered on May 22 , 2016 .
3 On June 29 , 2016 , AMC renewed the series for a 13-episode second season to premiere on June 25 , 2017 . AMC AMC (TV channel)
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Punjabi_House | Punjabi House -LRB- Malayalam : പഞ ചാബി ഹ സ -RRB- is a 1998 Malayalam comedy musical film written and directed by Rafi Mecartin , starring Dileep , Mohini , Lal , Cochin Hanifa , Harisree Asokan , Neena Kurup , and Janardanan . The music was composed by Suresh Peters and S.P. Venkatesh , the former composing the songs making his debut as a film composer and the latter composing the score . The film was released as a grand Onam release on the day of Thiruvonam in 1998 -LRB- 4 September -RRB- , and became a huge blockbuster . The film was remade by Priyadarshan in Bollywood as Chup Chup Ke in 2006 , starring Shahid Kapoor , Kareena Kapoor , Neha Dhupia , and Sunil Shetty . It was remade in Kannada with the same title , Punjabi House . | 0 Punjabi House -LRB- Malayalam : പഞ ചാബി ഹ സ -RRB- is a 1998 Malayalam comedy musical film written and directed by Rafi Mecartin , starring Dileep , Mohini , Lal , Cochin Hanifa , Harisree Asokan , Neena Kurup , and Janardanan . Rafi Mecartin Rafi Mecartin Dileep Dileep (actor) Mohini Mohini (Tamil actress) Cochin Hanifa Cochin Hanifa Harisree Asokan Harisree Asokan Lal Lal (actor) Janardanan Janardhanan (actor) Neena Kurup Neena Kurup Malayalam Malayalam film comedy Comedy film musical film musical film
1 The music was composed by Suresh Peters and S.P. Venkatesh , the former composing the songs making his debut as a film composer and the latter composing the score . Suresh Peters Suresh Peters S.P. Venkatesh S.P. Venkatesh
2 The film was released as a grand Onam release on the day of Thiruvonam in 1998 -LRB- 4 September -RRB- , and became a huge blockbuster . Onam Onam
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5 The film was remade by Priyadarshan in Bollywood as Chup Chup Ke in 2006 , starring Shahid Kapoor , Kareena Kapoor , Neha Dhupia , and Sunil Shetty . Priyadarshan Priyadarshan Bollywood Bollywood Chup Chup Ke Chup Chup Ke Shahid Kapoor Shahid Kapoor Kareena Kapoor Kareena Kapoor Neha Dhupia Neha Dhupia Sunil Shetty Sunil Shetty
6 It was remade in Kannada with the same title , Punjabi House .
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Queen_Latifah | Dana Elaine Owens -LRB- born March 18 , 1970 -RRB- , known professionally by her stage name Queen Latifah , is an American rapper , songwriter , singer , actress , model , television producer , record producer , and talk show host . Born in Newark , New Jersey , she signed with Tommy Boy Records in 1989 and released her debut album All Hail the Queen the same year , featuring the hit single `` Ladies First '' . Her second album , Nature of a Sista -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , was her final album with Tommy Boy Records . Latifah starred as Khadijah James on the FOX sitcom Living Single , from 1993 to 1998 . Her third album Black Reign -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , spawned the single `` U.N.I.T.Y. '' , which won a Grammy Award and was successful on the Billboard Hot 100 . She then starred in the lead role of Set It Off -LRB- 1996 -RRB- and released her fourth album , Order in the Court , in 1998 , with Motown Records . Latifah gained mainstream success and acclaim with her performance in the film Chicago -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , receiving an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . Latifah released her fifth album The Dana Owens Album in 2004 , and has since appeared in a number of films , such as Bringing Down the House -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , Taxi -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Barbershop 2 : Back in Business -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , Beauty Shop -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , Last Holiday -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Hairspray -LRB- 2007 -RRB- and Joyful Noise -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . In 2007 and 2009 , she released two more studio albums -- Trav ` lin ' Light and Persona . She created the daytime talk show The Queen Latifah Show , which ran from late 2013 to early 2015 on CBS . Latifah received critical acclaim for her portrayal of blues singer Bessie Smith in the HBO film Bessie -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , which she co-produced , winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie . She has long been considered one of hip-hop 's pioneer feminists . Queen Latifah received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2006 . Latifah 's work in music , film and television has earned her a Grammy Award , an Emmy Award , a Golden Globe award , three Screen Actors Guild Awards , two NAACP Image Awards , an Academy Award nomination and sales of over two million records . | 0 Dana Elaine Owens -LRB- born March 18 , 1970 -RRB- , known professionally by her stage name Queen Latifah , is an American rapper , songwriter , singer , actress , model , television producer , record producer , and talk show host . stage name stage name American United States rapper Rapping songwriter songwriter singer singer actress actress model Model (person) television producer television producer record producer record producer
1 Born in Newark , New Jersey , she signed with Tommy Boy Records in 1989 and released her debut album All Hail the Queen the same year , featuring the hit single `` Ladies First '' . Tommy Boy Tommy Boy Entertainment Tommy Boy Records Tommy Boy Records All Hail the Queen All Hail the Queen
2 Her second album , Nature of a Sista -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , was her final album with Tommy Boy Records . Tommy Boy Tommy Boy Entertainment Tommy Boy Records Tommy Boy Records Nature of a Sista Nature of a Sista
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5 Latifah starred as Khadijah James on the FOX sitcom Living Single , from 1993 to 1998 . Khadijah James Khadijah James FOX Fox Broadcasting Company Living Single Living Single
6 Her third album Black Reign -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , spawned the single `` U.N.I.T.Y. '' , which won a Grammy Award and was successful on the Billboard Hot 100 . Black Reign Black Reign Grammy Award Grammy Award
7 She then starred in the lead role of Set It Off -LRB- 1996 -RRB- and released her fourth album , Order in the Court , in 1998 , with Motown Records . Motown Motown Records Set It Off Set It Off (film) Order in the Court Order in the Court Motown Records Motown Records Group
8 Latifah gained mainstream success and acclaim with her performance in the film Chicago -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , receiving an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . Chicago Chicago (2002 film) Academy Award Academy Award Best Supporting Actress Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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11 Latifah released her fifth album The Dana Owens Album in 2004 , and has since appeared in a number of films , such as Bringing Down the House -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , Taxi -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Barbershop 2 : Back in Business -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , Beauty Shop -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , Last Holiday -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Hairspray -LRB- 2007 -RRB- and Joyful Noise -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . The Dana Owens Album The Dana Owens Album Bringing Down the House Bringing Down the House (film) Taxi Taxi (2004 film) Beauty Shop Beauty Shop Last Holiday Last Holiday (2006 film) Hairspray Hairspray (2007 film) Joyful Noise Joyful Noise (film)
12 In 2007 and 2009 , she released two more studio albums -- Trav ` lin ' Light and Persona . Persona Persona (Queen Latifah album)
13 She created the daytime talk show The Queen Latifah Show , which ran from late 2013 to early 2015 on CBS . The Queen Latifah Show The Queen Latifah Show CBS CBS
14 Latifah received critical acclaim for her portrayal of blues singer Bessie Smith in the HBO film Bessie -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , which she co-produced , winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie . singer singer Bessie Smith Bessie Smith HBO HBO Bessie Bessie (film) Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie Emmy Award Emmy Award
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17 She has long been considered one of hip-hop 's pioneer feminists .
18 Queen Latifah received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2006 . Hollywood Walk of Fame Hollywood Walk of Fame
19 Latifah 's work in music , film and television has earned her a Grammy Award , an Emmy Award , a Golden Globe award , three Screen Actors Guild Awards , two NAACP Image Awards , an Academy Award nomination and sales of over two million records . Grammy Award Grammy Award Academy Award Academy Award Emmy Award Emmy Award Golden Globe Golden Globe Award Screen Actors Guild Awards Screen Actors Guild Awards NAACP Image Awards NAACP Image Awards
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Putrajaya | Putrajaya -LRB- -LSB- pʊtrɑːdʒɑːjə -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Federal Territory of Putrajaya , is a planned city and the federal administrative centre of Malaysia . The seat of government was shifted in 1999 from Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya , because of overcrowding and congestion in the former . Kuala Lumpur remains Malaysia 's national capital , and is the seat of the King and the Parliament , and is the country 's commercial and financial centre . Putrajaya was the idea of former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad . It became Malaysia 's third Federal Territory , after Kuala Lumpur and Labuan , in 2001 . Named after the first Malaysian Prime Minister , Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra , the territory is entirely enclaved within the Sepang District of the state of Selangor . Putrajaya is also a part of MSC Malaysia , a special economic zone that covers Klang Valley . In Sanskrit , `` putra '' means `` prince '' or `` male child '' , and `` jaya '' means `` success '' or `` victory '' . The development of Putrajaya started in the early 1990s ; today , major landmarks have been completed and the population is expected to grow in the near future . | 0 Putrajaya -LRB- -LSB- pʊtrɑːdʒɑːjə -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Federal Territory of Putrajaya , is a planned city and the federal administrative centre of Malaysia . Federal Territory Federal Territories (Malaysia) Malaysia Malaysia planned city Planned community
1 The seat of government was shifted in 1999 from Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya , because of overcrowding and congestion in the former . Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur
2 Kuala Lumpur remains Malaysia 's national capital , and is the seat of the King and the Parliament , and is the country 's commercial and financial centre . Malaysia Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur King Yang di-Pertuan Agong Parliament Parliament of Malaysia
3 Putrajaya was the idea of former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad . Mahathir Mohamad Mahathir Mohamad
4 It became Malaysia 's third Federal Territory , after Kuala Lumpur and Labuan , in 2001 . Federal Territory Federal Territories (Malaysia) Malaysia Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur Labuan Labuan
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7 Named after the first Malaysian Prime Minister , Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra , the territory is entirely enclaved within the Sepang District of the state of Selangor . Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Tunku Abdul Rahman enclaved Enclave and exclave Sepang District Sepang District Selangor Selangor
8 Putrajaya is also a part of MSC Malaysia , a special economic zone that covers Klang Valley . Malaysia Malaysia MSC Malaysia MSC Malaysia special economic zone special economic zone Klang Valley Klang Valley
9 In Sanskrit , `` putra '' means `` prince '' or `` male child '' , and `` jaya '' means `` success '' or `` victory '' . Sanskrit sanskrit language
10 The development of Putrajaya started in the early 1990s ; today , major landmarks have been completed and the population is expected to grow in the near future .
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Primal_Fear_-LRB-film-RRB- | Primal Fear is a 1996 American neo-noir crime-thriller film , based on William Diehl 's 1993 novel of the same name and directed by Gregory Hoblit . The film tells the story of a Chicago defense attorney who believes his altar boy client is not guilty of murdering an influential Catholic Archbishop . Primal Fear was a box office success and earned mostly positive reviews , with Edward Norton making a strong showing in his film debut . He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture . | 0 Primal Fear is a 1996 American neo-noir crime-thriller film , based on William Diehl 's 1993 novel of the same name and directed by Gregory Hoblit . Gregory Hoblit Gregory Hoblit Primal Fear Primal Fear (novel) William Diehl William Diehl neo-noir neo-noir crime Crime film thriller film thriller film same name Primal Fear (novel)
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3 The film tells the story of a Chicago defense attorney who believes his altar boy client is not guilty of murdering an influential Catholic Archbishop .
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6 Primal Fear was a box office success and earned mostly positive reviews , with Edward Norton making a strong showing in his film debut . Primal Fear Primal Fear (novel) Edward Norton Edward Norton
7 He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture . Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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Prime_Minister_of_Russia | The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation -LRB- Председатель Правительства Российской Федерации , Romanized : Predsedatel ' Pravitel ` stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii -RRB- , colloquially referred to as the Prime Minister -LRB- Премьер-министр , Romanized : Prem ` yer-ministr -RRB- is the head of the Russian government and the second most powerful figure of the Russian Federation . The official residence of the prime minister is Gorki-9 in Odintsovsky District , Moscow Oblast , but his working residence is in Moscow -LRB- Russian White House -RRB- . Under Article 24 of the Federal Constitutional Law On the Government of the Russian Federation , `` heads the Government of the Russian Federation '' . The Russian Prime Minister is considered the second highest position in the government , after the President . Due to the central role of the President of Russia in the political system , the activities of the executive branch -LRB- including the Prime Minister -RRB- are significantly influenced by the head of state -LRB- for example , it is the President who appoints and dismisses the Prime Minister and other members of the Government ; the President may chair the meetings of the cabinet and give obligatory orders to the Prime Minister and other members of the Government , the President may also revoke any act of the Government -RRB- . The use of the term `` Prime Minister '' is strictly informal and is never used by the Russian Constitution , Federal Laws and other laws . The current prime minister is Dmitry Medvedev of United Russia , who was appointed on May 8 , 2012 . | 0 The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation -LRB- Председатель Правительства Российской Федерации , Romanized : Predsedatel ' Pravitel ` stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii -RRB- , colloquially referred to as the Prime Minister -LRB- Премьер-министр , Romanized : Prem ` yer-ministr -RRB- is the head of the Russian government and the second most powerful figure of the Russian Federation . Government Government of Russia Romanized Romanized Russian Federation Russia Government of the Russian Federation Government of Russia
1 The official residence of the prime minister is Gorki-9 in Odintsovsky District , Moscow Oblast , but his working residence is in Moscow -LRB- Russian White House -RRB- . Moscow Moscow Gorki-9 Gorki-9 Odintsovsky District Odintsovsky District Moscow Oblast Moscow Oblast Russian White House White House, Moscow
2 Under Article 24 of the Federal Constitutional Law On the Government of the Russian Federation , `` heads the Government of the Russian Federation '' . Government Government of Russia Russian Federation Russia Federal Constitutional Law Federal Constitutional Law Government of the Russian Federation Government of Russia
3 The Russian Prime Minister is considered the second highest position in the government , after the President . President President of Russia
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6 Due to the central role of the President of Russia in the political system , the activities of the executive branch -LRB- including the Prime Minister -RRB- are significantly influenced by the head of state -LRB- for example , it is the President who appoints and dismisses the Prime Minister and other members of the Government ; the President may chair the meetings of the cabinet and give obligatory orders to the Prime Minister and other members of the Government , the President may also revoke any act of the Government -RRB- . Government Government of Russia President President of Russia President of Russia President of Russia
7 The use of the term `` Prime Minister '' is strictly informal and is never used by the Russian Constitution , Federal Laws and other laws . Russian Constitution Constitution of Russia Federal Laws Federal Laws
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10 The current prime minister is Dmitry Medvedev of United Russia , who was appointed on May 8 , 2012 . Dmitry Medvedev Dmitry Medvedev United Russia United Russia
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Puss_in_Boots_-LRB-2011_film-RRB- | Puss in Boots is a 2011 American 3D computer-animated fantasy action comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It was directed by Chris Miller -LRB- who directed Shrek the Third in 2007 -RRB- and written by Brian Lynch and Tom Wheeler . It stars Antonio Banderas , Salma Hayek , Zach Galifianakis , Billy Bob Thornton and Amy Sedaris . The film was released in theaters on October 28 , 2011 in Digital 3D and IMAX 3D . Although the character of Puss in Boots originated in a European fairy tale in 1697 , the film is a spin-off prequel to the Shrek franchise . It follows the character Puss in Boots on his adventures before his first appearance in Shrek 2 in 2004 . Accompanied by his friends , Humpty Dumpty and Kitty Softpaws , Puss is pitted against Jack and Jill , two murderous outlaws in ownership of legendary magical beans which lead to great fortune . Puss in Boots grossed $ 554.9 million at the box office . It was nominated for Best Animated Feature at the 84th Academy Awards . A television series , titled The Adventures of Puss in Boots , premiered on Netflix in 2015 . A sequel film , titled Puss in Boots 2 : Nine Lives & 40 Thieves , was scheduled to be released in 2018 , but it was removed from the schedule in early 2015 . | 0 Puss in Boots is a 2011 American 3D computer-animated fantasy action comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures . DreamWorks Animation DreamWorks Animation Paramount Pictures Paramount Pictures 3D 3D film computer-animated computer-animated fantasy Fantasy film action comedy film action comedy film Puss in Boots Puss in Boots (Shrek)
1 It was directed by Chris Miller -LRB- who directed Shrek the Third in 2007 -RRB- and written by Brian Lynch and Tom Wheeler . Chris Miller Chris Miller (animator) Tom Wheeler Tom Wheeler (writer) Brian Lynch Brian Lynch (writer) Shrek the Third Shrek the Third
2 It stars Antonio Banderas , Salma Hayek , Zach Galifianakis , Billy Bob Thornton and Amy Sedaris . Antonio Banderas Antonio Banderas Zach Galifianakis Zach Galifianakis Salma Hayek Salma Hayek Billy Bob Thornton Billy Bob Thornton Amy Sedaris Amy Sedaris
3 The film was released in theaters on October 28 , 2011 in Digital 3D and IMAX 3D . 3D 3D film Digital 3D Digital 3D IMAX 3D IMAX
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6 Although the character of Puss in Boots originated in a European fairy tale in 1697 , the film is a spin-off prequel to the Shrek franchise . European fairy tale in 1697 Puss in Boots spin-off Spin-off (media) prequel prequel Puss in Boots Puss in Boots (Shrek)
7 It follows the character Puss in Boots on his adventures before his first appearance in Shrek 2 in 2004 . Puss in Boots Puss in Boots (Shrek) Shrek 2 Shrek 2
8 Accompanied by his friends , Humpty Dumpty and Kitty Softpaws , Puss is pitted against Jack and Jill , two murderous outlaws in ownership of legendary magical beans which lead to great fortune . Humpty Dumpty Humpty Dumpty
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11 Puss in Boots grossed $ 554.9 million at the box office . Puss in Boots Puss in Boots (Shrek)
12 It was nominated for Best Animated Feature at the 84th Academy Awards . Best Animated Feature Academy Award for Best Animated Feature 84th Academy Awards 84th Academy Awards
13 A television series , titled The Adventures of Puss in Boots , premiered on Netflix in 2015 . Puss in Boots Puss in Boots (Shrek) The Adventures of Puss in Boots The Adventures of Puss in Boots Netflix Netflix
14 A sequel film , titled Puss in Boots 2 : Nine Lives & 40 Thieves , was scheduled to be released in 2018 , but it was removed from the schedule in early 2015 . Puss in Boots Puss in Boots (Shrek)
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Port_Phillip | Port Phillip -LRB- also commonly referred to as Port Phillip Bay or -LRB- locally -RRB- just The Bay -RRB- , is a large bay in southern Victoria , Australia ; it is the location of Melbourne . Geographically , the bay covers 1930 km2 and the shore stretches roughly 264 km . Although it is extremely shallow for its size , most of the bay is navigable . The deepest portion is only 24 m , and half the region is shallower than 8 m . The volume of the water in the bay is around 25 km3 . Prior to British settlement the area around Port Phillip was divided between the territories of the Wathaurong -LRB- to the west -RRB- , Wurundjeri -LRB- north -RRB- and Boonwurrung -LRB- south and east -RRB- Nations . Its waters and coast are home to seals , whales , dolphins , corals , and many kinds of seabirds and migratory waders . The first British to enter the bay were the crews of , commanded by John Murray and , ten weeks later , commanded by Matthew Flinders , in 1802 . Subsequent expeditions into the bay took place in 1803 to establish the first settlement in Victoria , near Sorrento , but was abandoned in 1804 . Thirty years later , settlers from Tasmania returned to establish Melbourne , now the state 's capital city , at the mouth of the Yarra River in 1835 and Geelong at Corio Bay in 1838 . Today Port Phillip is the most densely populated catchment in Australia with an estimated 4.5 million people living around the bay ; Melbourne 's suburbs extend around much of the northern and eastern shorelines , and the city of Geelong sprawls around Corio Bay , in the bay 's western arm . | 0 Port Phillip -LRB- also commonly referred to as Port Phillip Bay or -LRB- locally -RRB- just The Bay -RRB- , is a large bay in southern Victoria , Australia ; it is the location of Melbourne . Melbourne Melbourne bay Headlands and bays Victoria Victoria (Australia)
1 Geographically , the bay covers 1930 km2 and the shore stretches roughly 264 km . bay Headlands and bays
2 Although it is extremely shallow for its size , most of the bay is navigable . bay Headlands and bays
3 The deepest portion is only 24 m , and half the region is shallower than 8 m .
4 The volume of the water in the bay is around 25 km3 . bay Headlands and bays
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7 Prior to British settlement the area around Port Phillip was divided between the territories of the Wathaurong -LRB- to the west -RRB- , Wurundjeri -LRB- north -RRB- and Boonwurrung -LRB- south and east -RRB- Nations . Wathaurong Wathaurong Wurundjeri Wurundjeri Boonwurrung Bunurong
8 Its waters and coast are home to seals , whales , dolphins , corals , and many kinds of seabirds and migratory waders . seals Pinniped migratory bird migration
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11 The first British to enter the bay were the crews of , commanded by John Murray and , ten weeks later , commanded by Matthew Flinders , in 1802 . bay Headlands and bays John Murray John Murray, Australian explorer Matthew Flinders Matthew Flinders
12 Subsequent expeditions into the bay took place in 1803 to establish the first settlement in Victoria , near Sorrento , but was abandoned in 1804 . Sorrento Sorrento, Victoria bay Headlands and bays Victoria Victoria (Australia)
13 Thirty years later , settlers from Tasmania returned to establish Melbourne , now the state 's capital city , at the mouth of the Yarra River in 1835 and Geelong at Corio Bay in 1838 . Yarra River Yarra River Melbourne Melbourne Geelong Geelong Tasmania Tasmania state States and territories of Australia Corio Bay Corio Bay
14 Today Port Phillip is the most densely populated catchment in Australia with an estimated 4.5 million people living around the bay ; Melbourne 's suburbs extend around much of the northern and eastern shorelines , and the city of Geelong sprawls around Corio Bay , in the bay 's western arm . Melbourne Melbourne Geelong Geelong bay Headlands and bays Corio Bay Corio Bay
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Pornhub | Pornhub is a pornographic video sharing website and the largest pornography site on the Internet . Pornhub was launched in Montreal , providing professional and amateur photography since 2007 . Pornhub also has offices and servers in San Francisco , Houston , New Orleans and London . In March 2010 , Pornhub was bought by Manwin -LRB- now known as MindGeek -RRB- , which owns numerous other pornographic websites . | 0 Pornhub is a pornographic video sharing website and the largest pornography site on the Internet . video sharing video sharing pornographic Pornography
1 Pornhub was launched in Montreal , providing professional and amateur photography since 2007 . Montreal Montreal amateur photography amateur photography
2 Pornhub also has offices and servers in San Francisco , Houston , New Orleans and London . San Francisco San Francisco Houston Houston New Orleans New Orleans London London
3 In March 2010 , Pornhub was bought by Manwin -LRB- now known as MindGeek -RRB- , which owns numerous other pornographic websites . MindGeek MindGeek pornographic Pornography
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Portia_de_Rossi | Portia Lee James DeGeneres -LRB- born Amanda Lee Rogers ; January 31 , 1973 -RRB- , also known professionally as Portia de Rossi -LRB- -LSB- ˈpɔərʃə_də_ˈrɒsi -RSB- -RRB- , is an Australian and American actress , model , and philanthropist . She appeared as a regular cast member on the American political thriller television series Scandal in the role of Elizabeth North from 2014 to 2017 . She is also known for her roles as lawyer Nelle Porter on the American television series Ally McBeal -- for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award in 1999 -- and as Lindsay Fünke on the American television sitcom Arrested Development . She also portrayed Veronica Palmer on the ABC television sitcom Better Off Ted , and Olivia Lord on the television drama Nip/Tuck . De Rossi is married to comedian and television host Ellen DeGeneres . | 0 Portia Lee James DeGeneres -LRB- born Amanda Lee Rogers ; January 31 , 1973 -RRB- , also known professionally as Portia de Rossi -LRB- -LSB- ˈpɔərʃə_də_ˈrɒsi -RSB- -RRB- , is an Australian and American actress , model , and philanthropist .
1 She appeared as a regular cast member on the American political thriller television series Scandal in the role of Elizabeth North from 2014 to 2017 . political thriller political thriller television series television series Scandal Scandal (TV series)
2 She is also known for her roles as lawyer Nelle Porter on the American television series Ally McBeal -- for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award in 1999 -- and as Lindsay Fünke on the American television sitcom Arrested Development . television series television series Nelle Porter Nelle Porter Ally McBeal Ally McBeal Screen Actors Guild Award Screen Actors Guild Award Lindsay Fünke Lindsay Fünke Arrested Development Arrested Development (TV series)
3 She also portrayed Veronica Palmer on the ABC television sitcom Better Off Ted , and Olivia Lord on the television drama Nip/Tuck . Better Off Ted Better Off Ted Olivia Lord Olivia Lord Nip/Tuck Nip/Tuck
4 De Rossi is married to comedian and television host Ellen DeGeneres . Ellen DeGeneres Ellen DeGeneres
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Premier_League | The Premier League is an English professional league for men 's association football clubs . At the top of the English football league system , it is the country 's primary football competition . Contested by 20 clubs , it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League -LRB- EFL ; known as `` The Football League '' before 2016 -- 17 -RRB- . Welsh clubs that compete in the English football league system can also qualify . The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders . Seasons run from August to May . Teams play 38 matches each -LRB- playing each team in the league twice , home and away -RRB- , totalling 380 matches in the season . Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons ; others during weekday evenings . It is colloquially known as the Premiership and outside the UK it is commonly referred to as the English Premier League -LRB- EPL -RRB- . The competition formed as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from the Football League , which was founded in 1888 , and take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal . The deal was worth # 1 billion a year domestically as of 2013 -- 14 , with BSkyB and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 116 and 38 games respectively . The league generates $ 2.2 billion per year in domestic and international television rights . In 2014/15 , teams were apportioned revenues of # 1.6 billion . The Premier League is the most-watched sports league in the world , broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people . In the 2014 -- 15 season , the average Premier League match attendance exceeded 36,000 , second highest of any professional football league behind the Bundesliga 's 43,500 . Most stadium occupancies are near capacity . The Premier League ranks third in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons . While 47 clubs have competed since the inception of the Premier League in 1992 , only six have won the title : Manchester United -LRB- 13 -RRB- , Chelsea -LRB- 5 -RRB- , Arsenal -LRB- 3 -RRB- , Manchester City -LRB- 2 -RRB- , Blackburn Rovers -LRB- 1 -RRB- and Leicester City -LRB- 1 -RRB- . The current champions are Chelsea , who secured the 2016 -- 17 title in early May 2017 . | 0 The Premier League is an English professional league for men 's association football clubs . association football association football
1 At the top of the English football league system , it is the country 's primary football competition . English football league system English football league system
2 Contested by 20 clubs , it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League -LRB- EFL ; known as `` The Football League '' before 2016 -- 17 -RRB- . 20 List of Premier League clubs promotion and relegation promotion and relegation English Football League English Football League
3 Welsh clubs that compete in the English football league system can also qualify . English football league system English football league system
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6 The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders . 20 List of Premier League clubs
7 Seasons run from August to May .
8 Teams play 38 matches each -LRB- playing each team in the league twice , home and away -RRB- , totalling 380 matches in the season .
9 Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons ; others during weekday evenings .
10 It is colloquially known as the Premiership and outside the UK it is commonly referred to as the English Premier League -LRB- EPL -RRB- .
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13 The competition formed as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from the Football League , which was founded in 1888 , and take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal . 20 List of Premier League clubs Football League First Division Football League First Division
14 The deal was worth # 1 billion a year domestically as of 2013 -- 14 , with BSkyB and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 116 and 38 games respectively . BSkyB BSkyB BT Group BT Group
15 The league generates $ 2.2 billion per year in domestic and international television rights .
16 In 2014/15 , teams were apportioned revenues of # 1.6 billion .
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19 The Premier League is the most-watched sports league in the world , broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people .
20 In the 2014 -- 15 season , the average Premier League match attendance exceeded 36,000 , second highest of any professional football league behind the Bundesliga 's 43,500 . Bundesliga Bundesliga
21 Most stadium occupancies are near capacity .
22 The Premier League ranks third in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons . UEFA UEFA
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25 While 47 clubs have competed since the inception of the Premier League in 1992 , only six have won the title : Manchester United -LRB- 13 -RRB- , Chelsea -LRB- 5 -RRB- , Arsenal -LRB- 3 -RRB- , Manchester City -LRB- 2 -RRB- , Blackburn Rovers -LRB- 1 -RRB- and Leicester City -LRB- 1 -RRB- . Chelsea Chelsea F.C. Manchester United Manchester United F.C. 47 clubs have competed List of Premier League clubs Arsenal Arsenal F.C. Manchester City Manchester City F.C. Blackburn Rovers Blackburn Rovers F.C. Leicester City Leicester City F.C.
26 The current champions are Chelsea , who secured the 2016 -- 17 title in early May 2017 . Chelsea Chelsea F.C.
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Poona_Pact | The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi signed on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune , India . It was signed by Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and some other leaders to break the fast unto death undertaken by Gandhi in Yerwada prison to annul the Macdonald Award giving separate electorates to Dalits for electing members of state legislative assemblies in British India . History of the Poona Pact The British invited leaders of different parties in the Round Table Conferences in 1930-32 to draft a new law involving self-rule for the Indians . Mahatma Gandhi did not attend the first and the last but attended the second of the Conferences . The concept of separate electorates for the untouch was raised by Ambedkar . Similar provisions were already available for other minorities , including Muslims , Christians , Anglo-Indians and Sikhs . The British government agreed with Ambedkar 's contention and British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald 's Communal Award to the depressed classes was to be incorporated into the constitution in the governance of British India . Gandhi strongly opposed the Communal Award on the grounds that it would disintegrate Hindu society . Ambedkar vehemently criticised the way of handling the problems of the Harijans by Gandhiji . Gandhi took up a fast unto death in his prison cell in Poona , protesting that separate electorates were a device which would separate the untouchables from the Hindu society forever . He began an indefinite hunger strike at Yerwada Central Jail from 20 September 1932 to protest against this Award . A compromise was reached on 24 September 1932 . The text uses the term `` Depressed Classes '' to denote Untouchables who were later called Scheduled Castes under India Act 1935 , and the later Indian Constitution of 1950 . | 0 The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi signed on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune , India . Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Mahatma Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi Yerwada Central Jail Yerwada Central Jail Pune Pune India India
1 It was signed by Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and some other leaders to break the fast unto death undertaken by Gandhi in Yerwada prison to annul the Macdonald Award giving separate electorates to Dalits for electing members of state legislative assemblies in British India . Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar India India Madan Mohan Malviya Madan Mohan Malviya British India British India
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4 History of the Poona Pact
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6 The British invited leaders of different parties in the Round Table Conferences in 1930-32 to draft a new law involving self-rule for the Indians .
7 Mahatma Gandhi did not attend the first and the last but attended the second of the Conferences . Mahatma Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi
8 The concept of separate electorates for the untouch was raised by Ambedkar .
9 Similar provisions were already available for other minorities , including Muslims , Christians , Anglo-Indians and Sikhs .
10 The British government agreed with Ambedkar 's contention and British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald 's Communal Award to the depressed classes was to be incorporated into the constitution in the governance of British India . India India Ramsay MacDonald Ramsay MacDonald Communal Award Communal Award depressed classes depressed classes British India British India
11 Gandhi strongly opposed the Communal Award on the grounds that it would disintegrate Hindu society . Communal Award Communal Award
12 Ambedkar vehemently criticised the way of handling the problems of the Harijans by Gandhiji .
13 Gandhi took up a fast unto death in his prison cell in Poona , protesting that separate electorates were a device which would separate the untouchables from the Hindu society forever .
14 He began an indefinite hunger strike at Yerwada Central Jail from 20 September 1932 to protest against this Award . Yerwada Central Jail Yerwada Central Jail hunger strike List of fasts undertaken by Mahatma Gandhi
15 A compromise was reached on 24 September 1932 .
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18 The text uses the term `` Depressed Classes '' to denote Untouchables who were later called Scheduled Castes under India Act 1935 , and the later Indian Constitution of 1950 . India India
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Professional_wrestling_championship | A championship or title in professional wrestling is a recognition promoted by professional wrestling organizations . Championship reigns are determined by professional wrestling matches , in which competitors are involved in scripted rivalries . These narratives create feuds between the various competitors , which cast them as villains and heroes . | 0 A championship or title in professional wrestling is a recognition promoted by professional wrestling organizations . professional wrestling professional wrestling professional wrestling organizations Professional wrestling promotion
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3 Championship reigns are determined by professional wrestling matches , in which competitors are involved in scripted rivalries . professional wrestling professional wrestling professional wrestling matches professional wrestling match types scripted Kayfabe
4 These narratives create feuds between the various competitors , which cast them as villains and heroes . villains heel (professional wrestling) heroes face (professional wrestling)
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RB_Leipzig | RasenBallsport Leipzig e.V. , commonly known as RB Leipzig , is a German association football club based in Leipzig , Saxony . The club was founded in 2009 by initiative of energy drink-maker Red Bull GmbH who purchased a playing right of the fifth division side SSV Markranstädt with the intention of advancing the new club to the top-flight Bundesliga within eight years . Men 's professional football is run by the spin-off organization RasenballSport Leipzig GmbH . RB Leipzig plays its home matches at the Red Bull Arena . In its inaugural season in 2009 -- 10 , RB Leipzig dominated the NOFV-Oberliga Süd -LRB- V -RRB- and was promoted as champions to the Regionalliga Nord -LRB- IV -RRB- . RB Leipzig won the 2012 -- 13 Regionalliga Nordost season without conceding a single defeat and was promoted to the 3 . Liga -LRB- III -RRB- , then finished the 2013 -- 14 3 . Liga season as runner-up and was promoted to the 2 . Bundesliga -LRB- II -RRB- as the first team since the introduction of the 3 . Liga to win promotion after only one season . On 8 May 2016 , RB Leipzig ensured promotion to the Bundesliga for the 2016 -- 17 season with a 2 -- 0 defeat of Karlsruher SC . One year later , RB Leipzig captured a place in the 2017 -- 18 UEFA Champions League by finishing as runner-up of the Bundesliga . | 0 RasenBallsport Leipzig e.V. , commonly known as RB Leipzig , is a German association football club based in Leipzig , Saxony . German association football club Football in Germany Leipzig Leipzig Saxony Saxony
1 The club was founded in 2009 by initiative of energy drink-maker Red Bull GmbH who purchased a playing right of the fifth division side SSV Markranstädt with the intention of advancing the new club to the top-flight Bundesliga within eight years . Bundesliga Bundesliga energy drink energy drink Red Bull GmbH Red Bull GmbH SSV Markranstädt SSV Markranstädt
2 Men 's professional football is run by the spin-off organization RasenballSport Leipzig GmbH . Leipzig Leipzig
3 RB Leipzig plays its home matches at the Red Bull Arena . Red Bull Arena Red Bull Arena (Leipzig) Leipzig Leipzig
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6 In its inaugural season in 2009 -- 10 , RB Leipzig dominated the NOFV-Oberliga Süd -LRB- V -RRB- and was promoted as champions to the Regionalliga Nord -LRB- IV -RRB- . Leipzig Leipzig NOFV-Oberliga Süd NOFV-Oberliga Süd Regionalliga Nord Regionalliga Nord
7 RB Leipzig won the 2012 -- 13 Regionalliga Nordost season without conceding a single defeat and was promoted to the 3 . Leipzig Leipzig Regionalliga Nordost Regionalliga Nordost
8 Liga -LRB- III -RRB- , then finished the 2013 -- 14 3 .
9 Liga season as runner-up and was promoted to the 2 .
10 Bundesliga -LRB- II -RRB- as the first team since the introduction of the 3 . Bundesliga Bundesliga
11 Liga to win promotion after only one season .
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14 On 8 May 2016 , RB Leipzig ensured promotion to the Bundesliga for the 2016 -- 17 season with a 2 -- 0 defeat of Karlsruher SC . Bundesliga Bundesliga Leipzig Leipzig Karlsruher SC Karlsruher SC
15 One year later , RB Leipzig captured a place in the 2017 -- 18 UEFA Champions League by finishing as runner-up of the Bundesliga . Bundesliga Bundesliga Leipzig Leipzig
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Quiverfull | Quiverfull is a movement among some conservative fundamentalist Christian couples , chiefly in the United States , but there are some adherents in Canada , Australia , New Zealand , the United Kingdom and elsewhere . The movement sees children as a blessing from God and it promotes compulsory procreation , abstaining from all forms of birth control , -LRB- including natural family planning -RRB- and sterilization . Adherents are known as quiver full , full quiver , quiverfull-minded , or simply QF Christians . Some have referred to the Quiverfull position as Providentialism , while other sources have simply referred to it as a manifestation of natalism . One 2006 estimate put the number of families subscribing to this philosophy as in `` the thousands to low tens of thousands '' . | 0 Quiverfull is a movement among some conservative fundamentalist Christian couples , chiefly in the United States , but there are some adherents in Canada , Australia , New Zealand , the United Kingdom and elsewhere . Christian Christian United States United States Canada Canada Australia Australia United Kingdom United Kingdom New Zealand New Zealand fundamentalist Christian fundamentalist Christian
1 The movement sees children as a blessing from God and it promotes compulsory procreation , abstaining from all forms of birth control , -LRB- including natural family planning -RRB- and sterilization . birth control birth control natural family planning natural family planning sterilization Human sterilization (surgical procedure)
2 Adherents are known as quiver full , full quiver , quiverfull-minded , or simply QF Christians .
3 Some have referred to the Quiverfull position as Providentialism , while other sources have simply referred to it as a manifestation of natalism . Providentialism Providentialism natalism natalism
4 One 2006 estimate put the number of families subscribing to this philosophy as in `` the thousands to low tens of thousands '' .
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Power_forward_-LRB-basketball-RRB- | The power forward -LRB- PF -RRB- , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . It has also been referred to as the `` post '' position . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center in what is called the `` post '' or `` low blocks '' . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6 ' 8 '' -LRB- 2.03 m -RRB- to 6 ' 11 '' -LRB- 2.11 m -RRB- . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit `` tweener '' roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending upon matchups and coaching decisions . Some `` natural '' power forwards often play the center position and have the skills but lack the height that is associated with that position . | 0 The power forward -LRB- PF -RRB- , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . positions Basketball position basketball basketball
1 It has also been referred to as the `` post '' position .
2 Power forwards play a role similar to that of center in what is called the `` post '' or `` low blocks '' . center Center (basketball)
3 They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . offensively Offense (sports) defensively Defense (sport) zone defense zone defense man-to-man defense man-to-man defense
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5 The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding .
6 Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to .
7 Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play .
8 Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals .
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11 In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6 ' 8 '' -LRB- 2.03 m -RRB- to 6 ' 11 '' -LRB- 2.11 m -RRB- . NBA NBA
12 Despite the averages , a variety of players fit `` tweener '' roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending upon matchups and coaching decisions . center Center (basketball) tweener Tweener (basketball) small forward small forward
13 Some `` natural '' power forwards often play the center position and have the skills but lack the height that is associated with that position . center Center (basketball)
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Portugal | Portugal -LRB- Portuguese : -LSB- puɾtuˈɣaɫ -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Portuguese Republic -LRB- -LSB- República Portuguesa , links = no -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- Portuguese : -LSB- ʁɨ ` publikɐ puɾtu ' ɣezɐ -RSB- -RRB- In recognized minority languages of Portugal : República Pertuesa is a sovereign state located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe . To the west and south it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and to the east and north by Spain . The Portugal -- Spain border is 1214 km long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union . The republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . The territory of modern Portugal has been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The Pre-Celts , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples . Portugal as a country was born in the aftermath of the Christian Reconquista against the Moors who had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD and occupied most of it ever since . Precipitated by the seminal event for its foundation , the Battle of São Mamede , where Portuguese forces led by Afonso Henriques defeated forces led by his mother Theresa of Portugal and her lover Fernão Peres de Trava , which established the nation 's sovereignty against rival neighbor kingdoms . Following São Mamede , the future king styled himself Prince of Portugal . He would be proclaimed King of Portugal in the Battle of Ourique in 1139 and was recognised as such by neighbouring kingdoms in 1143 . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers . During this time , Portuguese explorers pioneered maritime exploration in the Age of Discovery , notably under royal patronage of Prince Henry the Navigator and King João II , with such notable discoveries as Bartolomeu Dias 's reach of the Cape of Good Hope -LRB- 1488 -RRB- , the Vasco da Gama 's sea route to India -LRB- 1497 -- 98 -RRB- and the discovery of Brazil -LRB- 1500 -RRB- . Portugal monopolized the spice trade during this time , and the Portuguese Empire expanded with military campaigns led in Asia . But the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake , the country 's occupation during the Napoleonic Wars , the independence of Brazil -LRB- 1822 -RRB- , and the Liberal Wars -LRB- 1828 -- 34 -RRB- , all left Portugal crippled from war and diminished in its world power . After the 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy , the democratic but unstable Portuguese First Republic was established , later being superseded by the Estado Novo right-wing authoritarian regime . Democracy was restored after the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution in 1974 . Shortly after , independence was granted to almost all its overseas territories . The handover of Macau to China in 1999 marked the end of the longest-lived colonial empire . Portugal has left a profound cultural and architectural influence across the globe and a legacy of over 250 million Portuguese speakers today . Portugal is a developed country with a high-income advanced economy and a high living standard . It is the 5th most peaceful country in the world , maintaining a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government . It has the 18th highest Social Progress in the world , putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France , Spain and Italy . A founding member of NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries , it is also a member of numerous other international organizations , including the United Nations , the European Union , the eurozone , and the OECD . Portugal is a pioneer when it comes to drug decriminalization , as the nation decriminalized the possession of all drugs for personal use in 2001 . LGBT rights in Portugal have improved substantially in the past two decades and are now among the best in the world . Moreover , after years of investment and cooperation , Portugal marked a climax on renewable energy worldwide in 2016 , when it was powered for 107 consecutive hours exclusively by wind , sun , and water , which advocates say further shows fossil fuels are indeed replaceable . | 0 Portugal -LRB- Portuguese : -LSB- puɾtuˈɣaɫ -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Portuguese Republic -LRB- -LSB- República Portuguesa , links = no -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- Portuguese : -LSB- ʁɨ ` publikɐ puɾtu ' ɣezɐ -RSB- -RRB- In recognized minority languages of Portugal : Portuguese Portuguese language Republic 5 October 1910 revolution languages of Portugal languages of Portugal
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2 República Pertuesa is a sovereign state located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe . Europe Europe sovereign state sovereign state Iberian Peninsula Iberian Peninsula southwestern Europe Southern Europe
3 It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe . Europe Europe mainland Europe mainland Europe
4 To the west and south it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and to the east and north by Spain . Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Spain Spain
5 The Portugal -- Spain border is 1214 km long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union . European Union European Union Spain Spain
6 The republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Madeira Madeira Azores Azores autonomous regions autonomous regions of Portugal republic republic
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9 The territory of modern Portugal has been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . prehistoric times Prehistoric Iberia
10 The Pre-Celts , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples . Pre-Celts Pre-Celtic Celts Celts Carthaginians Ancient Carthage Romans Roman Republic Visigothic Visigoths Suebi Suebi Germanic peoples Germanic peoples
11 Portugal as a country was born in the aftermath of the Christian Reconquista against the Moors who had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD and occupied most of it ever since . Iberian Peninsula Iberian Peninsula Reconquista Reconquista Moors Moors
12 Precipitated by the seminal event for its foundation , the Battle of São Mamede , where Portuguese forces led by Afonso Henriques defeated forces led by his mother Theresa of Portugal and her lover Fernão Peres de Trava , which established the nation 's sovereignty against rival neighbor kingdoms . Portuguese Portuguese language Battle of São Mamede Battle of São Mamede Afonso Henriques Afonso Henriques Theresa of Portugal Theresa of Portugal Fernão Peres de Trava Fernão Peres de Trava
13 Following São Mamede , the future king styled himself Prince of Portugal .
14 He would be proclaimed King of Portugal in the Battle of Ourique in 1139 and was recognised as such by neighbouring kingdoms in 1143 . King of Portugal King of Portugal Battle of Ourique in 1139 Battle of Ourique neighbouring kingdoms in 1143 Treaty of Zamora
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17 In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers . first global empire Portuguese Empire powers Education superpower
18 During this time , Portuguese explorers pioneered maritime exploration in the Age of Discovery , notably under royal patronage of Prince Henry the Navigator and King João II , with such notable discoveries as Bartolomeu Dias 's reach of the Cape of Good Hope -LRB- 1488 -RRB- , the Vasco da Gama 's sea route to India -LRB- 1497 -- 98 -RRB- and the discovery of Brazil -LRB- 1500 -RRB- . Portuguese Portuguese language Age of Discovery Age of Discovery Henry the Navigator Henry the Navigator João II John II of Portugal Bartolomeu Dias Bartolomeu Dias Cape of Good Hope Cape of Good Hope Vasco da Gama Vasco da Gama route to India Portuguese India Armadas Brazil Brazil
19 Portugal monopolized the spice trade during this time , and the Portuguese Empire expanded with military campaigns led in Asia . Portuguese Portuguese language spice trade spice trade
20 But the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake , the country 's occupation during the Napoleonic Wars , the independence of Brazil -LRB- 1822 -RRB- , and the Liberal Wars -LRB- 1828 -- 34 -RRB- , all left Portugal crippled from war and diminished in its world power . Lisbon Lisbon Brazil Brazil 1755 earthquake Lisbon Earthquake Napoleonic Wars Napoleonic Wars independence of Brazil independence of Brazil Liberal Wars Liberal Wars
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23 After the 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy , the democratic but unstable Portuguese First Republic was established , later being superseded by the Estado Novo right-wing authoritarian regime . Portuguese Portuguese language Republic 5 October 1910 revolution 1910 revolution 5 October 1910 revolution Portuguese First Republic First Portuguese Republic Estado Novo Estado Novo (Portugal)
24 Democracy was restored after the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution in 1974 . Portuguese Portuguese language Portuguese Colonial War Portuguese Colonial War Carnation Revolution Carnation Revolution
25 Shortly after , independence was granted to almost all its overseas territories . its overseas territories Portuguese-speaking African countries
26 The handover of Macau to China in 1999 marked the end of the longest-lived colonial empire . handover of Macau to China Transfer of sovereignty over Macau longest-lived colonial empire Portuguese Empire
27 Portugal has left a profound cultural and architectural influence across the globe and a legacy of over 250 million Portuguese speakers today . Portuguese Portuguese language across the globe Evolution of the Portuguese Empire Portuguese speakers today Lusophone
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30 Portugal is a developed country with a high-income advanced economy and a high living standard . developed country developed country advanced economy Developed country#IMF advanced economies living standard living standard
31 It is the 5th most peaceful country in the world , maintaining a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government . semi-presidential Semi-presidential system the 5th most peaceful country in the world Global Peace Index unitary Unitary state
32 It has the 18th highest Social Progress in the world , putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France , Spain and Italy . Spain Spain Social Progress Social Progress Index France France Italy Italy
33 A founding member of NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries , it is also a member of numerous other international organizations , including the United Nations , the European Union , the eurozone , and the OECD . European Union European Union Portuguese Portuguese language NATO NATO Community of Portuguese Language Countries Community of Portuguese Language Countries United Nations United Nations eurozone eurozone OECD OECD
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36 Portugal is a pioneer when it comes to drug decriminalization , as the nation decriminalized the possession of all drugs for personal use in 2001 . drug decriminalization Drug policy of Portugal
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39 LGBT rights in Portugal have improved substantially in the past two decades and are now among the best in the world .
40 Moreover , after years of investment and cooperation , Portugal marked a climax on renewable energy worldwide in 2016 , when it was powered for 107 consecutive hours exclusively by wind , sun , and water , which advocates say further shows fossil fuels are indeed replaceable . renewable energy worldwide Renewable energy in Portugal wind Wind power in Portugal sun Solar power in Portugal water Renewable energy in Portugal#Hydro power
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Polytheism | Polytheism -LRB- from Greek πολυθεϊσμός , polytheismos -RRB- is the worship of or belief in multiple deities , which are usually assembled into a pantheon of gods and goddesses , along with their own religions and rituals . In most religions which accept polytheism , the different gods and goddesses are representations of forces of nature or ancestral principles , and can be viewed either as autonomous or as aspects or emanations of a creator God or transcendental absolute principle -LRB- monistic theologies -RRB- , which manifests immanently in nature -LRB- panentheistic and pantheistic theologies -RRB- . Polytheism is a type of theism . Within theism , it contrasts with monotheism , the belief in a singular God , in most cases transcendent . Polytheists do not always worship all the gods equally , but they can be henotheists , specializing in the worship of one particular deity . Other polytheists can be kathenotheists , worshiping different deities at different times . Polytheism was the typical form of religion during the Bronze Age and Iron Age up to the Axial Age and the development of Abrahamic religions , the latter of which enforced strict monotheism . It is well documented in historical religions of Classical antiquity , especially ancient Greek religion and ancient Roman religion , and after the decline of Greco-Roman polytheism in tribal religions such as Germanic paganism or Slavic paganism . Important polytheistic religions practiced today include Chinese traditional religion , Hinduism , Japanese Shinto , and various neopagan faiths . | 0 Polytheism -LRB- from Greek πολυθεϊσμός , polytheismos -RRB- is the worship of or belief in multiple deities , which are usually assembled into a pantheon of gods and goddesses , along with their own religions and rituals . Greek Ancient Greek deities deity pantheon pantheon (religion)
1 In most religions which accept polytheism , the different gods and goddesses are representations of forces of nature or ancestral principles , and can be viewed either as autonomous or as aspects or emanations of a creator God or transcendental absolute principle -LRB- monistic theologies -RRB- , which manifests immanently in nature -LRB- panentheistic and pantheistic theologies -RRB- . ancestral principles ancestral worship emanations emanationism God God transcendental transcendence (religion) absolute principle Absolute (philosophy) monistic monism immanently immanence panentheistic panentheism pantheistic pantheism
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4 Polytheism is a type of theism . theism theism
5 Within theism , it contrasts with monotheism , the belief in a singular God , in most cases transcendent . God God theism theism monotheism monotheism singular God God
6 Polytheists do not always worship all the gods equally , but they can be henotheists , specializing in the worship of one particular deity . henotheists henotheism
7 Other polytheists can be kathenotheists , worshiping different deities at different times . deities deity kathenotheists kathenotheism
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10 Polytheism was the typical form of religion during the Bronze Age and Iron Age up to the Axial Age and the development of Abrahamic religions , the latter of which enforced strict monotheism . religion religion monotheism monotheism Bronze Age Bronze Age Iron Age Iron Age Axial Age Axial Age Abrahamic religions Abrahamic religions
11 It is well documented in historical religions of Classical antiquity , especially ancient Greek religion and ancient Roman religion , and after the decline of Greco-Roman polytheism in tribal religions such as Germanic paganism or Slavic paganism . Greek Ancient Greek religion religion Classical antiquity Classical antiquity ancient Greek religion ancient Greek religion ancient Roman religion ancient Roman religion decline of Greco-Roman polytheism decline of Greco-Roman polytheism Germanic paganism Germanic paganism Slavic paganism Slavic paganism
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14 Important polytheistic religions practiced today include Chinese traditional religion , Hinduism , Japanese Shinto , and various neopagan faiths . religion religion Chinese traditional religion Chinese traditional religion Hinduism Hinduism Shinto Shinto neopagan modern paganism
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Pompeii | Pompeii was an ancient Roman town-city near modern Naples , in the Campania region of Italy , in the territory of the comune of Pompei . Pompeii , along with Herculaneum and many villas in the suzrrounding area , was mostly destroyed and buried under 4 to of volcanic ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD . Researchers believe that the town was founded in the seventh or sixth century BC by the Osci or Oscans . It came under the domination of Rome in the 4th century BC , and was conquered and became a Roman colony in 80 BC after it joined an unsuccessful rebellion against the Roman Republic . By the time of its destruction , 160 years later , its population was estimated at 11,000 people , and the city had a complex water system , an amphitheatre , gymnasium , and a port . The eruption destroyed the city , killing its inhabitants and burying it under tons of ash . Evidence for the destruction originally came from a surviving letter by Pliny the Younger , who saw the eruption from a distance and described the death of his uncle Pliny the Elder , an admiral of the Roman fleet , who tried to rescue citizens . The site was lost for about 1,500 years until its initial rediscovery in 1599 and broader rediscovery almost 150 years later by Spanish engineer Rocque Joaquin de Alcubierre in 1748 . The objects that lay beneath the city have been preserved for more than a millennium because of the long lack of air and moisture . These artifacts provide an extraordinarily detailed insight into the life of a city during the Pax Romana . During the excavation , plaster was used to fill in the voids in the ash layers that once held human bodies . This allowed archaeologists to see the exact position the person was in when he or she died . Pompeii has been a tourist destination for over 250 years . Today it has UNESCO World Heritage Site status and is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Italy , with approximately 2.5 million visitors every year . | 0 Pompeii was an ancient Roman town-city near modern Naples , in the Campania region of Italy , in the territory of the comune of Pompei . Pompei Pompei Campania Campania Italy Italy ancient Roman Ancient Rome Naples Naples comune comune
1 Pompeii , along with Herculaneum and many villas in the suzrrounding area , was mostly destroyed and buried under 4 to of volcanic ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD . Herculaneum Herculaneum volcanic ash volcanic ash pumice pumice eruption Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 Mount Vesuvius Mount Vesuvius
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4 Researchers believe that the town was founded in the seventh or sixth century BC by the Osci or Oscans . Osci Osci
5 It came under the domination of Rome in the 4th century BC , and was conquered and became a Roman colony in 80 BC after it joined an unsuccessful rebellion against the Roman Republic . Roman Republic Roman Republic
6 By the time of its destruction , 160 years later , its population was estimated at 11,000 people , and the city had a complex water system , an amphitheatre , gymnasium , and a port . amphitheatre amphitheatre gymnasium Gymnasium (ancient Greece)
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8
9 The eruption destroyed the city , killing its inhabitants and burying it under tons of ash . eruption Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79
10 Evidence for the destruction originally came from a surviving letter by Pliny the Younger , who saw the eruption from a distance and described the death of his uncle Pliny the Elder , an admiral of the Roman fleet , who tried to rescue citizens . eruption Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 Pliny the Younger Pliny the Younger Pliny the Elder Pliny the Elder
11 The site was lost for about 1,500 years until its initial rediscovery in 1599 and broader rediscovery almost 150 years later by Spanish engineer Rocque Joaquin de Alcubierre in 1748 . Rocque Joaquin de Alcubierre Rocque Joaquin de Alcubierre
12 The objects that lay beneath the city have been preserved for more than a millennium because of the long lack of air and moisture .
13 These artifacts provide an extraordinarily detailed insight into the life of a city during the Pax Romana . Pax Romana Pax Romana
14 During the excavation , plaster was used to fill in the voids in the ash layers that once held human bodies .
15 This allowed archaeologists to see the exact position the person was in when he or she died .
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18 Pompeii has been a tourist destination for over 250 years .
19 Today it has UNESCO World Heritage Site status and is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Italy , with approximately 2.5 million visitors every year . Italy Italy UNESCO UNESCO World Heritage Site World Heritage Site
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Quarry | A quarry is a place from which dimension stone , rock , construction aggregate , riprap , sand , gravel , or slate has been excavated from the ground . A quarry is the same thing as an open-pit mine from which minerals are extracted . The only non-trivial difference between the two is that open-pit mines that produce building materials and dimension stone are commonly referred to as quarries . The word quarry can also include the underground quarrying for stone , such as Bath stone . | 0 A quarry is a place from which dimension stone , rock , construction aggregate , riprap , sand , gravel , or slate has been excavated from the ground . dimension stone dimension stone rock rock (geology) construction aggregate construction aggregate riprap riprap sand sand gravel gravel slate slate
1 A quarry is the same thing as an open-pit mine from which minerals are extracted . open-pit mine open-pit mining minerals minerals
2 The only non-trivial difference between the two is that open-pit mines that produce building materials and dimension stone are commonly referred to as quarries . dimension stone dimension stone
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4
5 The word quarry can also include the underground quarrying for stone , such as Bath stone . Bath stone Bath stone
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Popism-COLON-_The_Warhol_Sixties | Popism : The Warhol Sixties is a 1980 memoir by the American artist Andy Warhol . It was first published by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich . The book was co-authored by Warhol 's frequent collaborator and long-time friend , Pat Hackett , and covers the years 1960-1969 , focusing primarily on Warhol 's art and film work . It includes anecdotes about celebrities and infamous Factory characters . It is culled in part from the many reels of audio tape that Warhol obsessively recorded during that period . | 0 Popism : The Warhol Sixties is a 1980 memoir by the American artist Andy Warhol . Andy Warhol Andy Warhol memoir memoir
1 It was first published by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich . Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Harcourt Brace Jovanovich
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3
4 The book was co-authored by Warhol 's frequent collaborator and long-time friend , Pat Hackett , and covers the years 1960-1969 , focusing primarily on Warhol 's art and film work .
5 It includes anecdotes about celebrities and infamous Factory characters . Factory The Factory
6 It is culled in part from the many reels of audio tape that Warhol obsessively recorded during that period . audio tape audio tape
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Popstar-COLON-_Never_Stop_Never_Stopping | Popstar : Never Stop Never Stopping is a 2016 American mockumentary film directed by Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone and written , produced by and starring Andy Samberg , Schaffer and Taccone . Also produced by Judd Apatow , it co-stars Sarah Silverman , Tim Meadows , Imogen Poots , Joan Cusack , and Maya Rudolph . The film was released on June 3 , 2016 by Universal Pictures and received favorable reviews from critics . The film is a box office bomb grossing just $ 9.5 million against a budget of $ 20 million . | 0 Popstar : Never Stop Never Stopping is a 2016 American mockumentary film directed by Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone and written , produced by and starring Andy Samberg , Schaffer and Taccone . Akiva Schaffer Akiva Schaffer Jorma Taccone Jorma Taccone Andy Samberg Andy Samberg mockumentary mockumentary
1 Also produced by Judd Apatow , it co-stars Sarah Silverman , Tim Meadows , Imogen Poots , Joan Cusack , and Maya Rudolph . Judd Apatow Judd Apatow Sarah Silverman Sarah Silverman Tim Meadows Tim Meadows Maya Rudolph Maya Rudolph Joan Cusack Joan Cusack Imogen Poots Imogen Poots
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4 The film was released on June 3 , 2016 by Universal Pictures and received favorable reviews from critics . Universal Pictures Universal Pictures
5 The film is a box office bomb grossing just $ 9.5 million against a budget of $ 20 million .
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Quincy_Jones | Quincy Delight Jones , Jr. -LRB- born March 14 , 1933 -RRB- , also known as `` Q '' , is an American record producer , actor , conductor , arranger , composer , musician , television producer , film producer , instrumentalist , magazine founder , entertainment company executive , and humanitarian . His career spans six decades in the entertainment industry and a record 79 Grammy Award nominations , and 28 Grammys , including a Grammy Legend Award in 1991 . He is best known for the role of himself in Yakety Yak , Take it Back , Trash Talk , and Fantasia 2000 . Jones came to prominence in the 1950s as a jazz arranger and conductor , before moving on to work prolifically in pop music and film scores . In 1968 , Jones and his songwriting partner Bob Russell became the first African Americans to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song , their `` The Eyes of Love '' for the Universal Pictures film Banning . That same year , Jones was the first African American to be nominated twice within the same year for an Academy Award for Best Original Score , as he was also nominated for his work on the film In Cold Blood -LRB- 1967 -RRB- . In 1971 , Jones was the first African American to be named as the musical director and conductor of the Academy Awards ceremony . In 1995 , he was the first African American to receive the Academy 's Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award . He is tied with sound designer Willie D. Burton as the African American who has been nominated for the most Oscars ; each has received seven nominations . Jones was the producer , with Michael Jackson , of Jackson 's albums Off the Wall -LRB- 1979 -RRB- , Thriller -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , and Bad -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , as well as the producer and conductor of the 1985 charity song `` We Are the World '' , which raised funds for victims of destitution in Ethiopia . In 2013 , Jones was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame as the winner , alongside Lou Adler , of the Ahmet Ertegun Award . Among his awards , Jones was named by Time Magazine as one of the most influential jazz musicians of the 20th century . | 0 Quincy Delight Jones , Jr. -LRB- born March 14 , 1933 -RRB- , also known as `` Q '' , is an American record producer , actor , conductor , arranger , composer , musician , television producer , film producer , instrumentalist , magazine founder , entertainment company executive , and humanitarian . arranger musical arrangements
1 His career spans six decades in the entertainment industry and a record 79 Grammy Award nominations , and 28 Grammys , including a Grammy Legend Award in 1991 . Grammy Award Grammy Award Grammy Legend Award Grammy Legend Award
2 He is best known for the role of himself in Yakety Yak , Take it Back , Trash Talk , and Fantasia 2000 . Trash Talk Trash Talk (music video) Fantasia 2000 Fantasia 2000
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4
5 Jones came to prominence in the 1950s as a jazz arranger and conductor , before moving on to work prolifically in pop music and film scores . jazz jazz pop Pop music arranger musical arrangements
6 In 1968 , Jones and his songwriting partner Bob Russell became the first African Americans to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song , their `` The Eyes of Love '' for the Universal Pictures film Banning . Bob Russell Bob Russell (songwriter) Academy Award for Best Original Song Academy Award for Best Original Song Universal Pictures Universal Pictures Banning Banning (film)
7 That same year , Jones was the first African American to be nominated twice within the same year for an Academy Award for Best Original Score , as he was also nominated for his work on the film In Cold Blood -LRB- 1967 -RRB- . Academy Award for Best Original Score Academy Award for Best Original Score In Cold Blood In Cold Blood (film)
8 In 1971 , Jones was the first African American to be named as the musical director and conductor of the Academy Awards ceremony .
9 In 1995 , he was the first African American to receive the Academy 's Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award . Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award
10 He is tied with sound designer Willie D. Burton as the African American who has been nominated for the most Oscars ; each has received seven nominations . Willie D. Burton Willie D. Burton
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12
13 Jones was the producer , with Michael Jackson , of Jackson 's albums Off the Wall -LRB- 1979 -RRB- , Thriller -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , and Bad -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , as well as the producer and conductor of the 1985 charity song `` We Are the World '' , which raised funds for victims of destitution in Ethiopia . Michael Jackson Michael Jackson Off the Wall Off the Wall Thriller Thriller (Michael Jackson album) Bad Bad (album) We Are the World We Are the World Ethiopia Ethiopia
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16 In 2013 , Jones was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame as the winner , alongside Lou Adler , of the Ahmet Ertegun Award . Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Lou Adler Lou Adler
17 Among his awards , Jones was named by Time Magazine as one of the most influential jazz musicians of the 20th century . jazz jazz Time Magazine Time (magazine)
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Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom | The Presidential Medal of Freedom is an award bestowed by the President of the United States and is -- along with the comparable Congressional Gold Medal -- the highest civilian award of the United States . It recognizes those people who have made `` an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States , world peace , cultural or other significant public or private endeavors '' . The award is not limited to U.S. citizens and , while it is a civilian award , it can also be awarded to military personnel and worn on the uniform . It was established in 1963 by President John F. Kennedy , superseding the Medal of Freedom that was established by President Harry S. Truman in 1945 to honor civilian service during World War II . | 0 The Presidential Medal of Freedom is an award bestowed by the President of the United States and is -- along with the President of the United States President of the United States United States United States Medal of Freedom Medal of Freedom
1
2 comparable Congressional Gold Medal -- the highest civilian award of the United States . Congressional Gold Medal Congressional Gold Medal civilian award Civilian decorations of the United States United States United States civilian civilian
3 It recognizes those people who have made `` an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States , world peace , cultural or other significant public or private endeavors '' . United States United States
4 The award is not limited to U.S. citizens and , while it is a civilian award , it can also be awarded to military personnel and worn on the uniform . civilian award Civilian decorations of the United States U.S. citizens U.S. citizenship civilian civilian military military uniform military uniform
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7 It was established in 1963 by President John F. Kennedy , superseding the Medal of Freedom that was established by President Harry S. Truman in 1945 to honor civilian service during World War II . civilian civilian John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy Medal of Freedom Medal of Freedom Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman World War II World War II
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President_of_Russia | The President of the Russian Federation -LRB- -LSB- Президент Российской Федерации , r = Prezident Rossiiskoi Federatsii -RSB- -RRB- is the elected head of state , Supreme Commander-in-Chief and holder of the highest office within the Russian Federation . The current President of Russia is Vladimir Putin . In 1991 , the office was briefly known as the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until 25 December 1991 . According to the 1978 Russian Constitution , the President of Russia was head of the executive branch and headed the Council of Ministers of Russia . According to the current 1993 Constitution of Russia , the President of Russia is not a part of the Government of Russia , which exercises executive power . In all cases where the President of the Russian Federation is unable to fulfill his duties , they shall be temporarily delegated to the Prime Minister , who becomes Acting President of Russia . The Chairman of the Federation Council is the third important position after the President and the Prime Minister . In the case of incapacity of both the President and Prime Minister , the chairman of the upper house of parliament becomes acting head of state . The power includes execution of federal law , alongside the responsibility of appointing federal ministers , diplomatic , regulatory and judicial officers , and concluding treaties with foreign powers with the advice and consent of the State Duma and the Federation Council . The president is further empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves , and to convene and adjourn the Federal Assembly under extraordinary circumstances . The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the Russian Federation . The president is elected directly through a popular vote to a six-year term . The law prohibits anyone from ever being elected to the presidency for a third consecutive term . In all , 3 individuals have served 4 presidencies spanning 6 full terms . On May 7 , 2012 , Vladimir Putin became the 4th and current president . | 0 The President of the Russian Federation -LRB- -LSB- Президент Российской Федерации , r = Prezident Rossiiskoi Federatsii -RSB- -RRB- is the elected head of state , Supreme Commander-in-Chief and holder of the highest office within the Russian Federation . head of state head of state Supreme Commander-in-Chief Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Russian Federation Russian Federation
1 The current President of Russia is Vladimir Putin . Vladimir Putin Vladimir Putin
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3
4 In 1991 , the office was briefly known as the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until 25 December 1991 . Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
5 According to the 1978 Russian Constitution , the President of Russia was head of the executive branch and headed the Council of Ministers of Russia . 1978 Russian Constitution 1978 Russian Constitution executive branch executive branch Council of Ministers of Russia Council of Ministers of Russia executive Executive (government)
6 According to the current 1993 Constitution of Russia , the President of Russia is not a part of the Government of Russia , which exercises executive power . Constitution of Russia Constitution of Russia 1993 Constitution of Russia 1993 Constitution of Russia Government of Russia Government of Russia executive Executive (government)
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9 In all cases where the President of the Russian Federation is unable to fulfill his duties , they shall be temporarily delegated to the Prime Minister , who becomes Acting President of Russia . Russian Federation Russian Federation Prime Minister Prime Minister of Russia Acting President of Russia Acting President of Russia
10 The Chairman of the Federation Council is the third important position after the President and the Prime Minister . Prime Minister Prime Minister of Russia Chairman of the Federation Council Chairman of the Federation Council Federation Council Federation Council
11 In the case of incapacity of both the President and Prime Minister , the chairman of the upper house of parliament becomes acting head of state . head of state head of state Prime Minister Prime Minister of Russia
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13
14 The power includes execution of federal law , alongside the responsibility of appointing federal ministers , diplomatic , regulatory and judicial officers , and concluding treaties with foreign powers with the advice and consent of the State Duma and the Federation Council . Federation Council Federation Council
15 The president is further empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves , and to convene and adjourn the Federal Assembly under extraordinary circumstances . Federal Assembly Federal Assembly (Russia)
16 The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the Russian Federation . Russian Federation Russian Federation
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18
19 The president is elected directly through a popular vote to a six-year term .
20 The law prohibits anyone from ever being elected to the presidency for a third consecutive term .
21 In all , 3 individuals have served 4 presidencies spanning 6 full terms .
22 On May 7 , 2012 , Vladimir Putin became the 4th and current president . Vladimir Putin Vladimir Putin
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R._Kelly | Robert Sylvester Kelly -LRB- born January 8 , 1967 -RRB- , known professionally as R. Kelly , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , and former professional basketball player . A native of Chicago , Illinois , Kelly began performing during the late 1980s and debuted in 1992 with the group Public Announcement . In 1993 , Kelly went solo with the album 12 Play . He is known for a collection of major hit singles including `` Bump N ' Grind '' , `` Your Body 's Callin ' '' , `` I Believe I Can Fly '' , `` Gotham City '' , `` Ignition -LRB- Remix -RRB- '' , `` If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time '' , `` The World 's Greatest '' , `` I 'm a Flirt -LRB- Remix -RRB- '' , and the hip-hopera `` Trapped in the Closet '' . In 1998 , Kelly won three Grammy Awards for `` I Believe I Can Fly '' . His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous hip hop and contemporary R&B artists . Kelly became the first musician to play professional basketball , when he was signed in 1997 . Kelly has written , produced , and remixed songs and albums for many artists , including Aaliyah 's 1994 debut album Age Ai n't Nothing but a Number . In 1996 , Kelly was nominated for a Grammy for writing Michael Jackson 's song `` You Are Not Alone '' . In 2002 and 2004 , Kelly released collaboration albums with rapper Jay-Z and has been a guest vocalist for other hip hop artists like Nas , Sean Combs , and The Notorious B.I.G. The Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- has recognized R. Kelly as one of the best-selling music artists in the United States with 40 million albums sold as well as only the fifth black artist to crack the top 50 of the same list . In March 2011 , R. Kelly was named the most successful R&B artist of the last 25 years by Billboard . Kelly has released 12 solo studio albums , and sold over 100 million records worldwide making him the most successful R&B male artist of the 1990s . He has been credited for helping redefine R&B and hip hop , earning the nicknames `` King of R&B '' and `` King of Pop-Soul '' . He is listed by Billboard as the most successful R&B / Hip Hop artist of the past 25 years -LRB- 1985-2010 -RRB- and also the most successful R&B artist in history . Throughout his career , Kelly has won numerous awards , including a Guinness World Records as well as countless of other awards like Grammy , BET , Soul Train , Billboard , NAACP and American Music Award . | 0 Robert Sylvester Kelly -LRB- born January 8 , 1967 -RRB- , known professionally as R. Kelly , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , and former professional basketball player . basketball basketball
1 A native of Chicago , Illinois , Kelly began performing during the late 1980s and debuted in 1992 with the group Public Announcement . Chicago Chicago Illinois Illinois Public Announcement Public Announcement
2 In 1993 , Kelly went solo with the album 12 Play . 12 Play 12 Play
3 He is known for a collection of major hit singles including `` Bump N ' Grind '' , `` Your Body 's Callin ' '' , `` I Believe I Can Fly '' , `` Gotham City '' , `` Ignition -LRB- Remix -RRB- '' , `` If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time '' , `` The World 's Greatest '' , `` I 'm a Flirt -LRB- Remix -RRB- '' , and the hip-hopera `` Trapped in the Closet '' . Trapped in the Closet Trapped in the Closet I Believe I Can Fly I Believe I Can Fly Gotham City Gotham City (song) If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time hip-hopera Rap opera
4 In 1998 , Kelly won three Grammy Awards for `` I Believe I Can Fly '' . I Believe I Can Fly I Believe I Can Fly Grammy Grammy Award
5 His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous hip hop and contemporary R&B artists . R&B contemporary R&B hip hop hip hop music contemporary R&B contemporary R&B
6 Kelly became the first musician to play professional basketball , when he was signed in 1997 . basketball basketball
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9 Kelly has written , produced , and remixed songs and albums for many artists , including Aaliyah 's 1994 debut album Age Ai n't Nothing but a Number . Aaliyah Aaliyah
10 In 1996 , Kelly was nominated for a Grammy for writing Michael Jackson 's song `` You Are Not Alone '' . Michael Jackson Michael Jackson You Are Not Alone You Are Not Alone Grammy Grammy Award
11 In 2002 and 2004 , Kelly released collaboration albums with rapper Jay-Z and has been a guest vocalist for other hip hop artists like Nas , Sean Combs , and The Notorious B.I.G. hip hop hip hop music Jay-Z Jay-Z Nas Nas Sean Combs Sean Combs
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14 The Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- has recognized R. Kelly as one of the best-selling music artists in the United States with 40 million albums sold as well as only the fifth black artist to crack the top 50 of the same list . Recording Industry Association of America Recording Industry Association of America
15 In March 2011 , R. Kelly was named the most successful R&B artist of the last 25 years by Billboard . R&B contemporary R&B Billboard Billboard Music Award
16 Kelly has released 12 solo studio albums , and sold over 100 million records worldwide making him the most successful R&B male artist of the 1990s . R&B contemporary R&B
17 He has been credited for helping redefine R&B and hip hop , earning the nicknames `` King of R&B '' and `` King of Pop-Soul '' . R&B contemporary R&B hip hop hip hop music nicknames Honorific nicknames in popular music
18 He is listed by Billboard as the most successful R&B / Hip Hop artist of the past 25 years -LRB- 1985-2010 -RRB- and also the most successful R&B artist in history . R&B contemporary R&B Billboard Billboard Music Award
19 Throughout his career , Kelly has won numerous awards , including a Guinness World Records as well as countless of other awards like Grammy , BET , Soul Train , Billboard , NAACP and American Music Award . Billboard Billboard Music Award Guinness World Records Guinness World Records Grammy Grammy Award BET BET Awards Soul Train Soul Train Music Awards NAACP NAACP Image Award American Music Award American Music Award
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President_of_Iraq | The President of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and `` safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq 's independence , sovereignty , unity , the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution '' . The President is elected by the Council of Representatives by a two-thirds majority , and is limited to two four-year terms . The President is responsible for ratifying treaties and laws passed by the Council of Representatives , issues pardons on the recommendation of the Prime Minister , and performs the `` duty of the Higher Command of the armed forces for ceremonial and honorary purposes '' . | 0 The President of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and `` safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq 's independence , sovereignty , unity , the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution '' . Iraq Iraq head of state head of state Constitution Constitution
1 The President is elected by the Council of Representatives by a two-thirds majority , and is limited to two four-year terms . limited Term limit
2 The President is responsible for ratifying treaties and laws passed by the Council of Representatives , issues pardons on the recommendation of the Prime Minister , and performs the `` duty of the Higher Command of the armed forces for ceremonial and honorary purposes '' . Prime Minister Prime Minister of Iraq
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Pregnancy | Pregnancy , also known as gestation , is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman . A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring , such as with twins . Pregnancy can occur by sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology . Childbirth typically occurs around 40 weeks from the last menstrual period -LRB- LMP -RRB- . This is just over nine lunar months , where each month is about 29 1/2 days . When measured from conception it is about 38 weeks . An embryo is the developing offspring during the first eight weeks following conception , after which , the term fetus is used until birth . Symptoms of early pregnancy may include missed periods , tender breasts , nausea and vomiting , hunger , and frequent urination . Pregnancy may be confirmed with a pregnancy test . Pregnancy is typically divided into three trimesters . The first trimester is from week one through 12 and includes conception . Conception is when the sperm fertilizes the egg . The fertilized egg then travels down the fallopian tube and attaches to the inside of the uterus , where it begins to form the embryo and placenta . The first trimester carries the highest risk of miscarriage -LRB- natural death of embryo or fetus -RRB- . The second trimester is from week 13 through 28 . Around the middle of the second trimester , movement of the fetus may be felt . At 28 weeks , more than 90 % of babies can survive outside of the uterus if provided with high-quality medical care . The third trimester is from 29 weeks through 40 weeks . Prenatal care improves pregnancy outcomes . Prenatal care may include taking extra folic acid , avoiding drugs and alcohol , regular exercise , blood tests , and regular physical examinations . Complications of pregnancy may include high blood pressure of pregnancy , gestational diabetes , iron-deficiency anemia , and severe nausea and vomiting among others . Term pregnancy is 37 to 41 weeks , with early term being 37 and 38 weeks , full term 39 and 40 weeks , and late term 41 weeks . After 41 weeks , it is known as post term . Babies born before 37 weeks are preterm and are at higher risk of health problems such as cerebral palsy . Delivery before 39 weeks by labor induction or caesarean section is not recommended unless required for other medical reasons . About 213 million pregnancies occurred in 2012 , of which , 190 million were in the developing world and 23 million were in the developed world . The number of pregnancies in women ages 15 to 44 is 133 per 1,000 women . About 10 % to 15 % of recognized pregnancies end in miscarriage . In 2013 , complications of pregnancy resulted in 293,000 deaths , down from 377,000 deaths in 1990 . Common causes include maternal bleeding , complications of abortion , high blood pressure of pregnancy , maternal sepsis , and obstructed labor . Globally , 40 % of pregnancies are unplanned . Half of unplanned pregnancies are aborted . Among unintended pregnancies in the United States , 60 % of the women used birth control to some extent during the month pregnancy occurred . | 0 Pregnancy , also known as gestation , is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman . offspring offspring woman woman
1 A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring , such as with twins . offspring offspring multiple pregnancy multiple birth
2 Pregnancy can occur by sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology . assisted reproductive technology assisted reproductive technology sexual intercourse sexual intercourse
3 Childbirth typically occurs around 40 weeks from the last menstrual period -LRB- LMP -RRB- . last menstrual period last menstrual period Childbirth Childbirth
4 This is just over nine lunar months , where each month is about 29 1/2 days . lunar months lunar months
5 When measured from conception it is about 38 weeks . conception fertilisation
6 An embryo is the developing offspring during the first eight weeks following conception , after which , the term fetus is used until birth . offspring offspring conception fertilisation embryo embryo fetus fetus
7 Symptoms of early pregnancy may include missed periods , tender breasts , nausea and vomiting , hunger , and frequent urination . nausea and vomiting Morning sickness
8 Pregnancy may be confirmed with a pregnancy test . pregnancy test pregnancy test
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10
11 Pregnancy is typically divided into three trimesters .
12 The first trimester is from week one through 12 and includes conception . conception fertilisation first trimester first trimester
13 Conception is when the sperm fertilizes the egg .
14 The fertilized egg then travels down the fallopian tube and attaches to the inside of the uterus , where it begins to form the embryo and placenta . embryo embryo fertilized egg fertilized egg fallopian tube fallopian tube uterus uterus placenta placenta
15 The first trimester carries the highest risk of miscarriage -LRB- natural death of embryo or fetus -RRB- . embryo embryo fetus fetus first trimester first trimester miscarriage miscarriage
16 The second trimester is from week 13 through 28 .
17 Around the middle of the second trimester , movement of the fetus may be felt . fetus fetus
18 At 28 weeks , more than 90 % of babies can survive outside of the uterus if provided with high-quality medical care . uterus uterus babies can survive outside of the uterus Fetal viability
19 The third trimester is from 29 weeks through 40 weeks .
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21
22 Prenatal care improves pregnancy outcomes . Prenatal care Prenatal care
23 Prenatal care may include taking extra folic acid , avoiding drugs and alcohol , regular exercise , blood tests , and regular physical examinations . Prenatal care Prenatal care folic acid folic acid
24 Complications of pregnancy may include high blood pressure of pregnancy , gestational diabetes , iron-deficiency anemia , and severe nausea and vomiting among others . nausea and vomiting Morning sickness high blood pressure of pregnancy hypertensive disease of pregnancy gestational diabetes gestational diabetes iron-deficiency anemia iron-deficiency anemia severe nausea and vomiting hyperemesis gravidarum Complications of pregnancy Complications of pregnancy
25 Term pregnancy is 37 to 41 weeks , with early term being 37 and 38 weeks , full term 39 and 40 weeks , and late term 41 weeks .
26 After 41 weeks , it is known as post term . post term Postterm pregnancy
27 Babies born before 37 weeks are preterm and are at higher risk of health problems such as cerebral palsy . preterm preterm cerebral palsy cerebral palsy
28 Delivery before 39 weeks by labor induction or caesarean section is not recommended unless required for other medical reasons . Delivery Childbirth labor induction labor induction caesarean section caesarean section
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30
31 About 213 million pregnancies occurred in 2012 , of which , 190 million were in the developing world and 23 million were in the developed world . developing world developing world
32 The number of pregnancies in women ages 15 to 44 is 133 per 1,000 women .
33 About 10 % to 15 % of recognized pregnancies end in miscarriage . miscarriage miscarriage
34 In 2013 , complications of pregnancy resulted in 293,000 deaths , down from 377,000 deaths in 1990 .
35 Common causes include maternal bleeding , complications of abortion , high blood pressure of pregnancy , maternal sepsis , and obstructed labor . high blood pressure of pregnancy hypertensive disease of pregnancy abortion abortion maternal bleeding maternal bleeding maternal sepsis maternal sepsis obstructed labor obstructed labor
36 Globally , 40 % of pregnancies are unplanned . unplanned Unintended pregnancy
37 Half of unplanned pregnancies are aborted . unplanned Unintended pregnancy aborted abortion
38 Among unintended pregnancies in the United States , 60 % of the women used birth control to some extent during the month pregnancy occurred . birth control birth control
39 |
Portsmouth | Portsmouth -LRB- -LSB- ˈpɔrtsməθ -RSB- -RRB- is a port city in Hampshire , England , mainly on Portsea Island , 70 mi south-west of London and 19 mi south-east of Southampton . It is the United Kingdom 's only island city and has a population of 205,400 . The city forms part of the South Hampshire built-up area , which also covers Southampton and the towns of Havant , Waterlooville , Eastleigh , Fareham , and Gosport . The city 's history can be traced to Roman times . A significant naval port for centuries , Portsmouth has the world 's oldest dry dock and was England 's first line of defence during the French invasion in 1545 . Special Palmerston Forts were built in 1859 in anticipation of another invasion from continental Europe . By the early-19th century , Portsmouth was the most heavily fortified city in the world , and was considered `` the world 's greatest naval port '' at the height of the British Empire throughout Pax Britannica . The world 's first mass production line was set up in the city , making it the most industrialised site in the world . During the Second World War , the city was a pivotal embarkation point for the D-Day landings and was bombed extensively in the Portsmouth Blitz , which resulted in the deaths of 930 people . In 1982 , a large proportion of the task force dispatched to liberate the Falkland Islands deployed from the city 's naval base . Her Majesty 's Yacht Britannia left the city to oversee the transfer of Hong Kong in 1997 , which marked for many the end of the empire . Portsmouth is one of the world 's best known ports . HMNB Portsmouth is considered to be the home of the Royal Navy and is home to two-thirds of the UK 's surface fleet . The city is home to some famous ships , including HMS Warrior , the Tudor carrack Mary Rose and Horatio Nelson 's flagship , HMS Victory -LRB- the world 's oldest naval ship still in commission -RRB- . The former HMS Vernon naval shore establishment has been redeveloped as a retail park known as Gunwharf Quays . Portsmouth is among the few British cities with two cathedrals : the Anglican Cathedral of St Thomas and the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St John the Evangelist . The waterfront and Portsmouth Harbour are dominated by the Spinnaker Tower , one of the United Kingdom 's tallest structures at 560 feet . Nearby Southsea is a seaside resort with a pier amusement park and medieval castle . Portsmouth F.C. , the city 's professional football club , play their home games at Fratton Park . The city has several mainline railway stations that connect to London Waterloo amongst other lines in southern England . Portsmouth International Port is a commercial cruise ship and ferry port for international destinations . The port is the second busiest in the United Kingdom after Dover , handling around three million passengers a year . The city formerly had its own airport , Portsmouth Airport , until its closure in 1973 . The University of Portsmouth enrols 23,000 students and is ranked among the world 's best modern universities . Portsmouth is also the birthplace of author Charles Dickens and engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel . | 0 Portsmouth -LRB- -LSB- ˈpɔrtsməθ -RSB- -RRB- is a port city in Hampshire , England , mainly on Portsea Island , 70 mi south-west of London and 19 mi south-east of Southampton . Hampshire Hampshire port port city city status in the United Kingdom Portsea Island Portsea Island London London Southampton Southampton
1 It is the United Kingdom 's only island city and has a population of 205,400 . city city status in the United Kingdom
2 The city forms part of the South Hampshire built-up area , which also covers Southampton and the towns of Havant , Waterlooville , Eastleigh , Fareham , and Gosport . Hampshire Hampshire city city status in the United Kingdom Southampton Southampton South Hampshire built-up area South Hampshire Havant Havant Waterlooville Waterlooville Eastleigh Eastleigh Fareham Fareham Gosport Gosport
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5 The city 's history can be traced to Roman times . city city status in the United Kingdom Roman times Roman Britain
6 A significant naval port for centuries , Portsmouth has the world 's oldest dry dock and was England 's first line of defence during the French invasion in 1545 . port port dry dock dry dock French invasion Battle of the Solent
7 Special Palmerston Forts were built in 1859 in anticipation of another invasion from continental Europe . Palmerston Forts Palmerston Forts, Portsmouth
8 By the early-19th century , Portsmouth was the most heavily fortified city in the world , and was considered `` the world 's greatest naval port '' at the height of the British Empire throughout Pax Britannica . port port city city status in the United Kingdom fortified Fortification British Empire British Empire Pax Britannica Pax Britannica
9 The world 's first mass production line was set up in the city , making it the most industrialised site in the world . city city status in the United Kingdom production line production line
10 During the Second World War , the city was a pivotal embarkation point for the D-Day landings and was bombed extensively in the Portsmouth Blitz , which resulted in the deaths of 930 people . city city status in the United Kingdom Second World War Second World War D-Day landings D-Day landings Portsmouth Blitz Portsmouth Blitz
11 In 1982 , a large proportion of the task force dispatched to liberate the Falkland Islands deployed from the city 's naval base . city city status in the United Kingdom Falkland Islands Falkland Islands
12 Her Majesty 's Yacht Britannia left the city to oversee the transfer of Hong Kong in 1997 , which marked for many the end of the empire . city city status in the United Kingdom transfer of Hong Kong Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong
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15 Portsmouth is one of the world 's best known ports .
16 HMNB Portsmouth is considered to be the home of the Royal Navy and is home to two-thirds of the UK 's surface fleet . HMNB Portsmouth HMNB Portsmouth Royal Navy Royal Navy
17 The city is home to some famous ships , including HMS Warrior , the Tudor carrack Mary Rose and Horatio Nelson 's flagship , HMS Victory -LRB- the world 's oldest naval ship still in commission -RRB- . city city status in the United Kingdom carrack carrack Mary Rose Mary Rose
18 The former HMS Vernon naval shore establishment has been redeveloped as a retail park known as Gunwharf Quays . Gunwharf Quays Gunwharf Quays
19 Portsmouth is among the few British cities with two cathedrals : the Anglican Cathedral of St Thomas and the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St John the Evangelist . Anglican Cathedral of St Thomas Portsmouth Cathedral Roman Catholic Roman Catholic Cathedral of St John the Evangelist Cathedral of St John the Evangelist, Portsmouth
20 The waterfront and Portsmouth Harbour are dominated by the Spinnaker Tower , one of the United Kingdom 's tallest structures at 560 feet . Spinnaker Tower Spinnaker Tower Portsmouth Harbour Portsmouth Harbour
21 Nearby Southsea is a seaside resort with a pier amusement park and medieval castle . Southsea Southsea pier Clarence Pier castle Southsea Castle
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24 Portsmouth F.C. , the city 's professional football club , play their home games at Fratton Park . city city status in the United Kingdom football Association football Fratton Park Fratton Park
25 The city has several mainline railway stations that connect to London Waterloo amongst other lines in southern England . city city status in the United Kingdom London London London Waterloo London Waterloo
26 Portsmouth International Port is a commercial cruise ship and ferry port for international destinations . port port Portsmouth International Port Portsmouth International Port
27 The port is the second busiest in the United Kingdom after Dover , handling around three million passengers a year . port port Dover Dover
28 The city formerly had its own airport , Portsmouth Airport , until its closure in 1973 . city city status in the United Kingdom Portsmouth Airport Portsmouth Airport (Hampshire)
29 The University of Portsmouth enrols 23,000 students and is ranked among the world 's best modern universities . University of Portsmouth University of Portsmouth
30 Portsmouth is also the birthplace of author Charles Dickens and engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel . Charles Dickens Charles Dickens Isambard Kingdom Brunel Isambard Kingdom Brunel
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Princess_Agents | Princess Agents -LRB- Chinese : 特工皇妃楚乔传 -RRB- is a 2017 Chinese television series based on the novel 11 Chu Te Gong Huang Fei -LRB- 11处特工皇妃 -RRB- written by Xiao Xiang Dong Er . It stars Zanilia Zhao , Lin Gengxin and Shawn Dou . The series is scheduled to air on Hunan TV starting June 5 , 2017 . | 0 Princess Agents -LRB- Chinese : 特工皇妃楚乔传 -RRB- is a 2017 Chinese television series based on the novel 11 Chu Te Gong Huang Fei -LRB- 11处特工皇妃 -RRB- written by Xiao Xiang Dong Er . Chinese Chinese language
1 It stars Zanilia Zhao , Lin Gengxin and Shawn Dou . Zanilia Zhao Zanilia Zhao Lin Gengxin Lin Gengxin Shawn Dou Shawn Dou
2 The series is scheduled to air on Hunan TV starting June 5 , 2017 . Hunan TV Hunan TV
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Prisoner_-LRB-TV_series-RRB- | Prisoner is an Australian soap opera set in the Wentworth Detention Centre , a fictional women 's prison . In the United States and United Kingdom it was known as Prisoner : Cell Block H , with the same title and Caged Women in Canada . The series , produced by the Reg Grundy Organisation , aired on Network Ten for 692 episodes between 27 February 1979 and 11 December 1986 . Originally , it was planned as a 16-part series . The show was inspired by the British television drama Within These Walls , which was moderately successful in Australia . Due to an injunction requested by UK-based ATV , which considered the title too similar to their The Prisoner , overseas broadcasters had to change the series ' name . In March 2012 it was announced that Prisoner would be `` reimagined '' on Foxtel in a new version , Wentworth . | 0 Prisoner is an Australian soap opera set in the Wentworth Detention Centre , a fictional women 's prison . soap opera soap opera Wentworth Wentworth (TV series)
1 In the United States and United Kingdom it was known as Prisoner : Cell Block H , with the same title and Caged Women in Canada .
2 The series , produced by the Reg Grundy Organisation , aired on Network Ten for 692 episodes between 27 February 1979 and 11 December 1986 . Reg Grundy Organisation Reg Grundy Organisation Network Ten Network Ten
3 Originally , it was planned as a 16-part series .
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6 The show was inspired by the British television drama Within These Walls , which was moderately successful in Australia . Australia Australia Within These Walls Within These Walls
7 Due to an injunction requested by UK-based ATV , which considered the title too similar to their The Prisoner , overseas broadcasters had to change the series ' name . ATV Associated TeleVision The Prisoner The Prisoner
8 In March 2012 it was announced that Prisoner would be `` reimagined '' on Foxtel in a new version , Wentworth . Foxtel Foxtel Wentworth Wentworth (TV series)
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Puzzle_video_game | Puzzle video games are a genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving . The types of puzzles can test many problem-solving skills including logic , pattern recognition , sequence solving , and word completion . The player may have unlimited time or attempts to solve a puzzle , or there may be simple puzzles made difficult by having to complete them in real-time , as in Tetris . | 0 Puzzle video games are a genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving . puzzle puzzle
1 The types of puzzles can test many problem-solving skills including logic , pattern recognition , sequence solving , and word completion . logic logic
2 The player may have unlimited time or attempts to solve a puzzle , or there may be simple puzzles made difficult by having to complete them in real-time , as in Tetris . puzzle puzzle Tetris Tetris
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Priyanka_Chopra | Priyanka Chopra -LRB- -LSB- prɪˈjaːŋkaː ˈtʃoːpɽaː -RSB- ; born 18 July 1982 -RRB- is an Indian actress , singer , film producer , philanthropist , and the winner of the Miss World 2000 pageant . One of India 's highest-paid and most popular celebrities , Chopra has received numerous awards , including a National Film Award and five Filmfare Awards . In 2016 , the Government of India honoured her with the Padma Shri , the fourth highest civilian award , and Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world . In 2017 , she has been honoured with Dadasaheb Phalke Award - India 's highest award in cinema , becoming the first actress to win in the category `` International Acclaimed Actress Award '' . Although Chopra initially aspired to study aeronautical engineering , she accepted offers to join the Indian film industry , which came as a result of her pageant wins , making her Bollywood debut in The Hero -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . She played the leading lady in the box-office hits Andaaz -LRB- 2003 -RRB- and Mujhse Shaadi Karogi -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , and earned praise for her breakout role in the 2004 thriller Aitraaz . In 2006 , Chopra established herself as a leading actress of Indian cinema with starring roles in the top-grossing productions Krrish and Don . Following a brief setback , she received critical acclaim for playing a troubled model in the drama Fashion -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , which won her the Filmfare and National Film Award for Best Actress . Chopra subsequently gained wider recognition for portraying a range of characters in the films Kaminey -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , 7 Khoon Maaf -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Barfi ! -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Mary Kom -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , Dil Dhadakne Do -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and Bajirao Mastani -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , all of which garnered her several awards and nominations . In 2015 , she began starring as Alex Parrish on the ABC thriller series Quantico , becoming the first South Asian to headline an American network series . In addition to her acting career , Chopra is noted for her philanthropic work . She has worked with UNICEF for the last ten years and was appointed as the national and global UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador for Child Rights in 2010 and 2016 respectively . She promotes various causes such as environment , health and education , and women 's rights and is particularly vocal about gender equality and feminism . Chopra 's off-screen life is the subject of substantial media coverage . As a recording artist , she has released three singles . She is also the founder of the production company Purple Pebble Pictures , which released the acclaimed Marathi comedy-drama Ventilator -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . | 0 Priyanka Chopra -LRB- -LSB- prɪˈjaːŋkaː ˈtʃoːpɽaː -RSB- ; born 18 July 1982 -RRB- is an Indian actress , singer , film producer , philanthropist , and the winner of the Miss World 2000 pageant . Miss World 2000 Miss World 2000
1 One of India 's highest-paid and most popular celebrities , Chopra has received numerous awards , including a National Film Award and five Filmfare Awards . India India numerous awards List of awards and nominations received by Priyanka Chopra National Film Award National Film Awards Filmfare Awards Filmfare Awards Filmfare Filmfare Award for Best Actress
2 In 2016 , the Government of India honoured her with the Padma Shri , the fourth highest civilian award , and Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world . India India Government of India Government of India Padma Shri Padma Shri Time Time (magazine) 100 most influential people in the world Time 100#2016
3 In 2017 , she has been honoured with Dadasaheb Phalke Award - India 's highest award in cinema , becoming the first actress to win in the category `` International Acclaimed Actress Award '' . India India Dadasaheb Phalke Award Dadasaheb Phalke Award
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5
6 Although Chopra initially aspired to study aeronautical engineering , she accepted offers to join the Indian film industry , which came as a result of her pageant wins , making her Bollywood debut in The Hero -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . aeronautical engineering Aerospace engineering The Hero The Hero: Love Story of a Spy
7 She played the leading lady in the box-office hits Andaaz -LRB- 2003 -RRB- and Mujhse Shaadi Karogi -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , and earned praise for her breakout role in the 2004 thriller Aitraaz . Andaaz Andaaz Mujhse Shaadi Karogi Mujhse Shaadi Karogi breakout role Breakthrough role Aitraaz Aitraaz
8 In 2006 , Chopra established herself as a leading actress of Indian cinema with starring roles in the top-grossing productions Krrish and Don . Krrish Krrish Don Don (2006 Hindi film)
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11 Following a brief setback , she received critical acclaim for playing a troubled model in the drama Fashion -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , which won her the Filmfare and National Film Award for Best Actress . National Film Award National Film Awards Fashion Fashion (2008 film) Filmfare Filmfare Award for Best Actress National Film Award for Best Actress National Film Award for Best Actress
12 Chopra subsequently gained wider recognition for portraying a range of characters in the films Kaminey -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , 7 Khoon Maaf -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Barfi ! Kaminey Kaminey 7 Khoon Maaf 7 Khoon Maaf
13 -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Mary Kom -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , Dil Dhadakne Do -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and Bajirao Mastani -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , all of which garnered her several awards and nominations . Mary Kom Mary Kom (film) Dil Dhadakne Do Dil Dhadakne Do Bajirao Mastani Bajirao Mastani
14 In 2015 , she began starring as Alex Parrish on the ABC thriller series Quantico , becoming the first South Asian to headline an American network series . Alex Parrish Alex Parrish ABC American Broadcasting Company Quantico Quantico (TV series)
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16
17 In addition to her acting career , Chopra is noted for her philanthropic work .
18 She has worked with UNICEF for the last ten years and was appointed as the national and global UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador for Child Rights in 2010 and 2016 respectively . UNICEF UNICEF UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador
19 She promotes various causes such as environment , health and education , and women 's rights and is particularly vocal about gender equality and feminism . feminism feminism
20 Chopra 's off-screen life is the subject of substantial media coverage .
21 As a recording artist , she has released three singles . singles single (music)
22 She is also the founder of the production company Purple Pebble Pictures , which released the acclaimed Marathi comedy-drama Ventilator -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . Purple Pebble Pictures Purple Pebble Pictures Marathi Marathi cinema Ventilator Ventilator (film)
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Psychological_horror | Psychological horror is a subgenre of horror and psychological fiction , which relies on the mental , emotional and psychological status of characters to frighten or unsettle readers , viewers , or players . The subgenre frequently overlaps with the related subgenre of psychological thriller , and it often uses mystery elements and characters with unstable , unreliable , or disturbed psychological states to enhance the suspense and horror of the setting and plot and to provide an overall unpleasant , unsettling , or distressing atmosphere . | 0 Psychological horror is a subgenre of horror and psychological fiction , which relies on the mental , emotional and psychological status of characters to frighten or unsettle readers , viewers , or players . subgenre genre horror horror fiction psychological fiction psychological fiction
1 The subgenre frequently overlaps with the related subgenre of psychological thriller , and it often uses mystery elements and characters with unstable , unreliable , or disturbed psychological states to enhance the suspense and horror of the setting and plot and to provide an overall unpleasant , unsettling , or distressing atmosphere . subgenre genre horror horror fiction psychological thriller psychological thriller mystery mystery fiction suspense suspense atmosphere Mood (literature)
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R.S.C._Anderlecht | Royal Sporting Club Anderlecht , usually known as Anderlecht -LRB- -LSB- ˈɑndərˌlɛxt -RSB- , -LSB- ɑ̃dəʁlɛkt -RSB- , -LSB- ˈandɐˌlɛçt -RSB- -RRB- or RSCA -LRB- -LSB- ˌɛrɛseːˈjaː -RSB- , -LSB- ɛʁ ɛs se ɑ -RSB- , -LSB- ˌʔɛɐ̯ ʔɛs tseː ˈʔaː -RSB- -RRB- , is a Belgian professional football club based in Anderlecht , Brussels Capital-Region . Anderlecht plays in the Belgian First Division A and is the most successful Belgian football team in European competitions , with five trophies , as well as in the Belgian domestic league , with 34 championship wins . They have also won nine Belgian Cups and hold the record for most consecutive Belgian championship titles , winning five between the 1963 -- 64 and 1967 -- 68 seasons . Founded in 1908 , the club first reached the highest level in Belgian football in 1921 -- 22 and have been playing in the first division continuously since 1935 -- 36 . They won their first major trophy after World War II with a championship win in 1946 -- 47 . Since then , they have never finished outside the top six of the Belgian first division . They are ranked 12th amongst all-time UEFA club competition winners , tenth in the IFFHS continental Clubs of the 20th Century European ranking and were 41st in the 2012 UEFA team rankings . In 1986 , they achieved their best UEFA ranking with a joint first place with Juventus . Anderlecht have been playing their matches in the Astrid Park in the municipality of Anderlecht since 1917 . Their current stadium , Constant Vanden Stock Stadium , was first opened in 1983 , and replaced the former Emile Versé Stadium . They play in purple and white outfits . They have long-standing rivalries with Club Brugge and Standard Liège and previously with FC Brussels . | 0 Royal Sporting Club Anderlecht , usually known as Anderlecht -LRB- -LSB- ˈɑndərˌlɛxt -RSB- , -LSB- ɑ̃dəʁlɛkt -RSB- , -LSB- ˈandɐˌlɛçt -RSB- -RRB- or RSCA -LRB- -LSB- ˌɛrɛseːˈjaː -RSB- , -LSB- ɛʁ ɛs se ɑ -RSB- , -LSB- ˌʔɛɐ̯ ʔɛs tseː ˈʔaː -RSB- -RRB- , is a Belgian professional football club based in Anderlecht , Brussels Capital-Region . Anderlecht Anderlecht Brussels Capital-Region Brussels football association football
1 Anderlecht plays in the Belgian First Division A and is the most successful Belgian football team in European competitions , with five trophies , as well as in the Belgian domestic league , with 34 championship wins . Anderlecht Anderlecht Belgian First Division A Belgian First Division A football association football
2 They have also won nine Belgian Cups and hold the record for most consecutive Belgian championship titles , winning five between the 1963 -- 64 and 1967 -- 68 seasons .
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5 Founded in 1908 , the club first reached the highest level in Belgian football in 1921 -- 22 and have been playing in the first division continuously since 1935 -- 36 . football association football
6 They won their first major trophy after World War II with a championship win in 1946 -- 47 . World War II World War II
7 Since then , they have never finished outside the top six of the Belgian first division .
8 They are ranked 12th amongst all-time UEFA club competition winners , tenth in the IFFHS continental Clubs of the 20th Century European ranking and were 41st in the 2012 UEFA team rankings . UEFA club competition winners List of UEFA club competition winners UEFA team rankings UEFA ranking
9 In 1986 , they achieved their best UEFA ranking with a joint first place with Juventus . Juventus Juventus F.C.
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12 Anderlecht have been playing their matches in the Astrid Park in the municipality of Anderlecht since 1917 . Anderlecht Anderlecht Astrid Park Astrid Park
13 Their current stadium , Constant Vanden Stock Stadium , was first opened in 1983 , and replaced the former Emile Versé Stadium . Constant Vanden Stock Stadium Constant Vanden Stock Stadium
14 They play in purple and white outfits .
15 They have long-standing rivalries with Club Brugge and Standard Liège and previously with FC Brussels . Club Brugge Club Brugge KV Standard Liège Standard Liège FC Brussels FC Brussels
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Prince_-LRB-musician-RRB- | Prince Rogers Nelson -LRB- June 7 , 1958 -- April 21 , 2016 -RRB- was an American singer-songwriter , actor , multi-instrumentalist , philanthropist , dancer and record producer . He was a musical innovator who was known for his eclectic work , flamboyant stage presence , extravagant dress and makeup , and wide vocal range . His music integrates a wide variety of styles , including funk , rock , R&B , new wave , soul , psychedelia , and pop . He has sold over 100 million records worldwide , making him one of the best-selling artists of all time . He won seven Grammy Awards , an American Music Award , a Golden Globe Award , and an Academy Award for the film Purple Rain . He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004 , his first year of eligibility . Rolling Stone ranked Prince at number 27 on its list of 100 Greatest Artists , `` the most influential artists of the rock & roll era '' . Prince was born in Minneapolis , Minnesota , and developed an interest in music as a young child . He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. at the age of 18 , and released his debut album For You in 1978 . His 1979 album Prince went platinum , and his next three records -- Dirty Mind -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , Controversy -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , and 1999 -LRB- 1982 -RRB- -- continued his success , showcasing Prince 's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk , dance , and rock music . In 1984 , he began referring to his backup band as the Revolution and released Purple Rain , the soundtrack album to his eponymous 1984 film debut . It quickly became his most critically and commercially successful release , spending 24 consecutive weeks atop the Billboard 200 and selling over 20 million units worldwide . After releasing the albums Around the World in a Day -LRB- 1985 -RRB- and Parade -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , The Revolution disbanded , and Prince released the double album Sign o ' the Times -LRB- 1987 -RRB- as a solo artist . He released three more solo albums before debuting the New Power Generation band in 1991 . In 1993 , while in a contractual dispute with Warner Bros. , he changed his stage name to , an unpronounceable symbol also known as the `` Love Symbol '' , and began releasing new albums at a faster pace to remove himself from contractual obligations . He released five records between 1994 and 1996 before signing with Arista Records in 1998 . In 2000 , he began referring to himself as `` Prince '' again . He released 16 albums after that , including the platinum-selling Musicology -LRB- 2004 -RRB- . His final album , Hit n Run Phase Two , was first released on the Tidal streaming service on December 12 , 2015 . Prince died from a fentanyl overdose at his Paisley Park recording studio and home in Chanhassen , Minnesota , on April 21 , 2016 , at the age of 57 . | 0 Prince Rogers Nelson -LRB- June 7 , 1958 -- April 21 , 2016 -RRB- was an American singer-songwriter , actor , multi-instrumentalist , philanthropist , dancer and record producer . Prince Prince (album)
1 He was a musical innovator who was known for his eclectic work , flamboyant stage presence , extravagant dress and makeup , and wide vocal range . innovator innovator vocal range vocal range
2 His music integrates a wide variety of styles , including funk , rock , R&B , new wave , soul , psychedelia , and pop . pop pop music R&B Rhythm and blues rock rock music funk funk new wave new wave soul soul music psychedelia psychedelic music
3 He has sold over 100 million records worldwide , making him one of the best-selling artists of all time . best-selling artists of all time List of best-selling music artists
4 He won seven Grammy Awards , an American Music Award , a Golden Globe Award , and an Academy Award for the film Purple Rain . American Music Award American Music Award Golden Globe Award Golden Globe Award Academy Award Academy Award Purple Rain Purple Rain (album)
5 He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004 , his first year of eligibility . Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
6 Rolling Stone ranked Prince at number 27 on its list of 100 Greatest Artists , `` the most influential artists of the rock & roll era '' . rock rock music Rolling Stone Rolling Stone Prince Prince (album)
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8
9 Prince was born in Minneapolis , Minnesota , and developed an interest in music as a young child . Minneapolis Minneapolis Prince Prince (album)
10 He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. at the age of 18 , and released his debut album For You in 1978 . For You For You (Prince album)
11 His 1979 album Prince went platinum , and his next three records -- Dirty Mind -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , Controversy -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , and 1999 -LRB- 1982 -RRB- -- continued his success , showcasing Prince 's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk , dance , and rock music . rock rock music funk funk Prince Prince (album) platinum Music recording sales certification Dirty Mind Dirty Mind Controversy Controversy (Prince album) 1999 1999 (Prince album)
12 In 1984 , he began referring to his backup band as the Revolution and released Purple Rain , the soundtrack album to his eponymous 1984 film debut . Purple Rain Purple Rain (album) the Revolution The Revolution (band)
13 It quickly became his most critically and commercially successful release , spending 24 consecutive weeks atop the Billboard 200 and selling over 20 million units worldwide .
14 After releasing the albums Around the World in a Day -LRB- 1985 -RRB- and Parade -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , The Revolution disbanded , and Prince released the double album Sign o ' the Times -LRB- 1987 -RRB- as a solo artist . The Revolution The Revolution (band) Prince Prince (album) Around the World in a Day Around the World in a Day Parade Parade (Prince album)
15 He released three more solo albums before debuting the New Power Generation band in 1991 . the New Power Generation the New Power Generation
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17
18 In 1993 , while in a contractual dispute with Warner Bros. , he changed his stage name to , an unpronounceable symbol also known as the `` Love Symbol '' , and began releasing new albums at a faster pace to remove himself from contractual obligations .
19 He released five records between 1994 and 1996 before signing with Arista Records in 1998 . Arista Arista Records Arista Records Arista Records
20 In 2000 , he began referring to himself as `` Prince '' again . Prince Prince (album)
21 He released 16 albums after that , including the platinum-selling Musicology -LRB- 2004 -RRB- . platinum Music recording sales certification Musicology Musicology (album)
22 His final album , Hit n Run Phase Two , was first released on the Tidal streaming service on December 12 , 2015 . Hit n Run Phase Two Hit n Run Phase Two Tidal Tidal (service)
23 Prince died from a fentanyl overdose at his Paisley Park recording studio and home in Chanhassen , Minnesota , on April 21 , 2016 , at the age of 57 . fentanyl fentanyl Paisley Park Paisley Park Prince Prince (album) overdose Opioid overdose
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Prussian_Academy_of_Sciences | The Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences -LRB- Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften -RRB- was an academy established in Berlin , Germany on 11 July 1700 , four years after the Akademie der Künste , or `` Arts Academy , '' to which `` Berlin Academy '' may also refer . In the 18th century , it was a French-language institution , and its most active members were Huguenots who had fled religious persecution in France . | 0 The Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences -LRB- Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften -RRB- was an academy established in Berlin , Germany on 11 July 1700 , four years after the Akademie der Künste , or `` Arts Academy , '' to which `` Berlin Academy '' may also refer . academy academy Berlin Berlin Germany Germany Akademie der Künste Akademie der Künste
1 In the 18th century , it was a French-language institution , and its most active members were Huguenots who had fled religious persecution in France . French French language Huguenots Huguenots
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Puerto_Rico | Puerto Rico -LRB- Spanish for `` Rich Port '' -RRB- , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico -LRB- Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico , `` Free Associated State of Puerto Rico '' -RRB- and briefly called Porto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea . It is an archipelago that includes the main island of Puerto Rico and a number of smaller ones such as Mona , Culebra , and Vieques . The capital and most populous city is San Juan . Its official languages are Spanish and English , though Spanish predominates . The island 's population is approximately 3.4 million . Puerto Rico 's rich history , tropical climate , diverse natural scenery , traditional cuisine , and attractive tax incentives make it a popular destination for travelers from around the world . Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people , the island was claimed in 1493 by Christopher Columbus for the Crown of Castile , and it later endured invasion attempts from the French , Dutch , and British . Four centuries of Spanish colonial government transformed the island 's ethnic , cultural and physical landscapes primarily with waves of African slaves , and Canarian , and Andalusian settlers . In the Spanish imperial imagination , Puerto Rico played a secondary , but strategic role when compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and Mexico . Such a distant administrative control continued right up until the end of the 19th century helping to produce a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined elements from the Natives , Africans , and Iberian people . In 1898 , following the Spanish -- American War , the United States appropriated Puerto Rico together with most former Spanish colonies under the terms of the Treaty of Paris . Puerto Ricans are considered natural-born citizens of the United States . However , Puerto Rico does not have a vote in the United States Congress , which governs the territory with full jurisdiction under the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950 . As a U.S. territory , American citizens residing on the island are disenfranchised at the national level and may not vote for president and vice president of the United States . However , Congress approved a local constitution , allowing U.S. citizens on the territory to elect a governor . A 2012 referendum showed a majority -LRB- 54 % of those who voted -RRB- disagreed with `` the present form of territorial status '' , with full statehood as the preferred option among those who voted for a change of status , although a significant number of people did not answer the second question from the referendum . A fifth referendum will be held in June 2017 , and `` Statehood '' and `` Independence/Free Association '' were initially the only available options . However , at the recommendation of the Department of Justice , a `` current territorial status '' option will be added . In early 2017 , the Puerto Rican government-debt crisis posed serious problems for the government . The outstanding bond debt had climbed to $ 70 billion at a time with 12.4 % unemployment . The debt had been increasing during a decade long recession . This was the second major financial crisis to affect the island after the Great Depression when the U.S. government , in 1935 , provided relief efforts through the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration . On May 3 , 2017 , Puerto Rico 's financial oversight board in the U.S. District Court in Puerto Rico filed the debt restructuring petition which was made under Title III of PROMESA . | 0 Puerto Rico -LRB- Spanish for `` Rich Port '' -RRB- , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico -LRB- Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico , `` Free Associated State of Puerto Rico '' -RRB- and briefly called Porto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea . Spanish Spanish language Commonwealth Commonwealth (U.S. insular area) United States United States unincorporated territory Unincorporated territories of the United States Caribbean Sea Caribbean Sea
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3 It is an archipelago that includes the main island of Puerto Rico and a number of smaller ones such as Mona , Culebra , and Vieques . archipelago archipelago Mona Isla de Mona Culebra Culebra, Puerto Rico Vieques Vieques, Puerto Rico
4 The capital and most populous city is San Juan . San Juan San Juan, Puerto Rico capital List of capitals in the United States most populous city Municipalities of Puerto Rico
5 Its official languages are Spanish and English , though Spanish predominates . Spanish Spanish language English English language
6 The island 's population is approximately 3.4 million .
7 Puerto Rico 's rich history , tropical climate , diverse natural scenery , traditional cuisine , and attractive tax incentives make it a popular destination for travelers from around the world . traditional cuisine Puerto Rican cuisine tax incentives Taxation in Puerto Rico
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10 Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people , the island was claimed in 1493 by Christopher Columbus for the Crown of Castile , and it later endured invasion attempts from the French , Dutch , and British . indigenous Indigenous peoples of the Americas Taíno Taíno Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus Crown of Castile Crown of Castile
11 Four centuries of Spanish colonial government transformed the island 's ethnic , cultural and physical landscapes primarily with waves of African slaves , and Canarian , and Andalusian settlers . Spanish Spanish language African slaves Atlantic slave trade Canarian Canarian Andalusian Andalusian people
12 In the Spanish imperial imagination , Puerto Rico played a secondary , but strategic role when compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and Mexico . Spanish Spanish language Spanish imperial Spanish Empire Peru Peru Mexico Mexico
13 Such a distant administrative control continued right up until the end of the 19th century helping to produce a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined elements from the Natives , Africans , and Iberian people .
14 In 1898 , following the Spanish -- American War , the United States appropriated Puerto Rico together with most former Spanish colonies under the terms of the Treaty of Paris . Spanish Spanish language United States United States Treaty of Paris Treaty of Paris (1898)
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17 Puerto Ricans are considered natural-born citizens of the United States . United States United States natural-born citizens Birthright citizenship in the United States
18 However , Puerto Rico does not have a vote in the United States Congress , which governs the territory with full jurisdiction under the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950 . United States United States United States Congress United States Congress Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950 Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950
19 As a U.S. territory , American citizens residing on the island are disenfranchised at the national level and may not vote for president and vice president of the United States . United States United States disenfranchised at the national level Federal voting rights in Puerto Rico#Disenfranchisement in Puerto Rico vote for president and vice president of the United States United States presidential election
20 However , Congress approved a local constitution , allowing U.S. citizens on the territory to elect a governor . a local constitution Constitution of Puerto Rico a governor Governor of Puerto Rico
21 A 2012 referendum showed a majority -LRB- 54 % of those who voted -RRB- disagreed with `` the present form of territorial status '' , with full statehood as the preferred option among those who voted for a change of status , although a significant number of people did not answer the second question from the referendum . 2012 referendum Puerto Rican status referendum, 2012
22 A fifth referendum will be held in June 2017 , and `` Statehood '' and `` Independence/Free Association '' were initially the only available options . fifth referendum Puerto Rican status referendum, 2017
23 However , at the recommendation of the Department of Justice , a `` current territorial status '' option will be added .
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26 In early 2017 , the Puerto Rican government-debt crisis posed serious problems for the government . Puerto Rican Puerto Rican people Puerto Rican government-debt crisis Puerto Rican government-debt crisis
27 The outstanding bond debt had climbed to $ 70 billion at a time with 12.4 % unemployment .
28 The debt had been increasing during a decade long recession .
29 This was the second major financial crisis to affect the island after the Great Depression when the U.S. government , in 1935 , provided relief efforts through the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration . Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration
30 On May 3 , 2017 , Puerto Rico 's financial oversight board in the U.S. District Court in Puerto Rico filed the debt restructuring petition which was made under Title III of PROMESA . PROMESA PROMESA
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Pure_-LRB-2009_film-RRB- | Pure is a 2009 Swedish drama film directed and written by Lisa Langseth . Its Swedish language title is Till det som är vackert which approximately translates to `` To that which is beautiful '' . Lead actress Alicia Vikander won the Swedish Guldbagge Award for Best Actress for her role in this film . | 0 Pure is a 2009 Swedish drama film directed and written by Lisa Langseth . Lisa Langseth Lisa Langseth
1 Its Swedish language title is Till det som är vackert which approximately translates to `` To that which is beautiful '' . Swedish language Swedish language
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4 Lead actress Alicia Vikander won the Swedish Guldbagge Award for Best Actress for her role in this film . Alicia Vikander Alicia Vikander Guldbagge Award Guldbagge Award
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Pop_music | Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid-1950s . The terms `` popular music '' and `` pop music '' are often used interchangeably , although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many styles . `` Pop '' and `` rock '' were synonymous terms until the late 1960s , when they were increasingly used in opposition from each other . Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts , it is not the sum of all chart music . Pop music is eclectic , and often borrows elements from other styles such as urban , dance , rock , Latin , and country ; nonetheless , there are core elements that define pop music . Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a basic format -LRB- often the verse-chorus structure -RRB- , as well as the common use of repeated choruses , melodic tunes , and hooks . | 0 Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid-1950s . United States American pop United Kingdom British pop music genre music genre popular music popular music
1 The terms `` popular music '' and `` pop music '' are often used interchangeably , although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many styles . popular music popular music
2 `` Pop '' and `` rock '' were synonymous terms until the late 1960s , when they were increasingly used in opposition from each other . rock rock music
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5 Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts , it is not the sum of all chart music . singles charts record chart
6 Pop music is eclectic , and often borrows elements from other styles such as urban , dance , rock , Latin , and country ; nonetheless , there are core elements that define pop music . rock rock music urban urban contemporary dance dance music Latin Latin music (genre) country country music
7 Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a basic format -LRB- often the verse-chorus structure -RRB- , as well as the common use of repeated choruses , melodic tunes , and hooks . verse-chorus structure verse–chorus form
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Porto-Novo | Porto-Novo -LRB- -LSB- pɔʁtɔ.nɔvo -RSB- ; also known as Hogbonu and Ajashe -RRB- is the capital of Benin , and was the capital of French Dahomey . The commune covers an area of 110 km2 and as of 2002 had a population of 223,552 people . It was originally developed as a port for the slave trade , an important part of many European Empires at the time including the Portuguese Empire . Porto-Novo is a port on an inlet of the Gulf of Guinea , in the southeastern portion of the country . It is Benin 's second-largest city , and although Porto-Novo is the official capital , where the national legislature sits , the larger city of Cotonou is the seat of government , where most of the government buildings are situated and government departments operate . The region around Porto-Novo produces palm oil , cotton and kapok . Petroleum was discovered off the coast of the city in the 1990s , and has since then become an important export . | 0 Porto-Novo -LRB- -LSB- pɔʁtɔ.nɔvo -RSB- ; also known as Hogbonu and Ajashe -RRB- is the capital of Benin , and was the capital of French Dahomey . capital Capital (political) Benin Benin French Dahomey French Dahomey
1 The commune covers an area of 110 km2 and as of 2002 had a population of 223,552 people . commune Communes of Benin
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4 It was originally developed as a port for the slave trade , an important part of many European Empires at the time including the Portuguese Empire . slave trade slave trade Portuguese Empire Portuguese Empire
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7 Porto-Novo is a port on an inlet of the Gulf of Guinea , in the southeastern portion of the country . Gulf of Guinea Gulf of Guinea
8 It is Benin 's second-largest city , and although Porto-Novo is the official capital , where the national legislature sits , the larger city of Cotonou is the seat of government , where most of the government buildings are situated and government departments operate . capital Capital (political) Benin Benin Cotonou Cotonou seat of government seat of government
9 The region around Porto-Novo produces palm oil , cotton and kapok . palm oil palm oil cotton cotton kapok Ceiba pentandra
10 Petroleum was discovered off the coast of the city in the 1990s , and has since then become an important export . Petroleum Petroleum
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Pope_John_Paul_II_-LRB-miniseries-RRB- | Pope John Paul II is a 2005 television miniseries dramatizing the life of Pope John Paul II -LRB- Karol Józef Wojtyła -RRB- from his early adult years in Poland to his death at age 84 . The miniseries was written and directed by John Kent Harrison and aired in the United States on the CBS network on 4 and 7 December 2005 . It was first released in Vatican City on 17 November 2005 and ten days later throughout Italy on Rai 1 Jon Voight portrays an older Karol Wojtyła -LRB- after his investiture as pope in 1978 -RRB- , while Cary Elwes portrays Wojtyła in his earlier life from 1939 to 1978 . Voight was nominated for an Emmy Award for his performance . Pope John Paul II co-stars James Cromwell as Archbishop Adam Stefan Cardinal Sapieha , Ben Gazzara as Agostino Cardinal Casaroli , and Christopher Lee as Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński . Polish actor Mikolaj Grabowski is seen twice playing Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger of Germany , who would succeed John Paul II as Pope Benedict XVI . | 0 Pope John Paul II is a 2005 television miniseries dramatizing the life of Pope John Paul II -LRB- Karol Józef Wojtyła -RRB- from his early adult years in Poland to his death at age 84 . miniseries Television miniseries Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II Poland Poland
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3 The miniseries was written and directed by John Kent Harrison and aired in the United States on the CBS network on 4 and 7 December 2005 . John Kent Harrison John Kent Harrison CBS CBS miniseries Television miniseries
4 It was first released in Vatican City on 17 November 2005 and ten days later throughout Italy on Rai 1 Vatican City Vatican City Italy Italy Rai 1 Rai 1
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7 Jon Voight portrays an older Karol Wojtyła -LRB- after his investiture as pope in 1978 -RRB- , while Cary Elwes portrays Wojtyła in his earlier life from 1939 to 1978 . Jon Voight Jon Voight Cary Elwes Cary Elwes pope pope
8 Voight was nominated for an Emmy Award for his performance . Emmy Award Emmy Award
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11 Pope John Paul II co-stars James Cromwell as Archbishop Adam Stefan Cardinal Sapieha , Ben Gazzara as Agostino Cardinal Casaroli , and Christopher Lee as Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński . James Cromwell James Cromwell Ben Gazzara Ben Gazzara Christopher Lee Christopher Lee Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II Adam Stefan Cardinal Sapieha Adam Stefan Sapieha Agostino Cardinal Casaroli Agostino Casaroli Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński Stefan Wyszyński
12 Polish actor Mikolaj Grabowski is seen twice playing Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger of Germany , who would succeed John Paul II as Pope Benedict XVI . Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger Pope Benedict XVI
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Punk_rock | Punk rock -LRB- or simply `` punk '' -RRB- is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States , United Kingdom , and Australia . Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as `` proto-punk '' music , punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock . Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs , with hard-edged melodies and singing styles , stripped-down instrumentation , and often political , anti-establishment lyrics . Punk embraces a DIY ethic ; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels . The term `` punk '' was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s , to describe garage bands and their devotees . By late 1976 , bands such as the New York Dolls , Television , and the Ramones in New York City , and the Sex Pistols , the Clash , and the Damned in London were recognized as the vanguard of a new musical movement . The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world , and it became a major cultural phenomenon in the United Kingdom . For the most part , punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream . An associated punk subculture emerged , expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment -LRB- ranging from deliberately offensive T-shirts , leather jackets , spike bands and other studded or spiked jewelry to bondage and S&M clothes -RRB- and a variety of anti-authoritarian ideologies . By the early 1980s , faster and more aggressive styles such as hardcore punk -LRB- e.g. Minor Threat -RRB- , street punk -LRB- e.g. the Exploited -RRB- , and anarcho-punk -LRB- e.g. Crass -RRB- had become the predominant mode of punk rock . Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a broad range of other variations , giving rise to post-punk and new wave and later indie pop , alternative rock , and noise rock . By the 1990s , punk rock had re-emerged in the mainstream , as pop punk bands such as Green Day and the Offspring brought the genre widespread popularity . | 0 Punk rock -LRB- or simply `` punk '' -RRB- is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States , United Kingdom , and Australia . Australia Punk rock in Australia rock music rock music genre genre
1 Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as `` proto-punk '' music , punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock . proto-punk proto-punk garage rock garage rock mainstream mainstream
2 Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs , with hard-edged melodies and singing styles , stripped-down instrumentation , and often political , anti-establishment lyrics . anti-establishment anti-establishment
3 Punk embraces a DIY ethic ; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels . DIY ethic DIY ethic
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6 The term `` punk '' was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s , to describe garage bands and their devotees . rock music rock music
7 By late 1976 , bands such as the New York Dolls , Television , and the Ramones in New York City , and the Sex Pistols , the Clash , and the Damned in London were recognized as the vanguard of a new musical movement . New York Dolls New York Dolls Television Television (band) Ramones Ramones New York City New York City Sex Pistols Sex Pistols the Clash the Clash the Damned The Damned (band) London London
8 The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world , and it became a major cultural phenomenon in the United Kingdom .
9 For the most part , punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream . mainstream mainstream
10 An associated punk subculture emerged , expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment -LRB- ranging from deliberately offensive T-shirts , leather jackets , spike bands and other studded or spiked jewelry to bondage and S&M clothes -RRB- and a variety of anti-authoritarian ideologies . punk subculture punk subculture styles of clothing and adornment Punk fashion anti-authoritarian ideologies Punk ideologies
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13 By the early 1980s , faster and more aggressive styles such as hardcore punk -LRB- e.g. Minor Threat -RRB- , street punk -LRB- e.g. the Exploited -RRB- , and anarcho-punk -LRB- e.g. Crass -RRB- had become the predominant mode of punk rock . hardcore punk hardcore punk street punk street punk Minor Threat Minor Threat the Exploited the Exploited anarcho-punk anarcho-punk Crass Crass
14 Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a broad range of other variations , giving rise to post-punk and new wave and later indie pop , alternative rock , and noise rock . alternative rock alternative rock indie pop indie pop new wave new wave music noise rock noise rock post-punk post-punk
15 By the 1990s , punk rock had re-emerged in the mainstream , as pop punk bands such as Green Day and the Offspring brought the genre widespread popularity . pop punk pop punk genre genre mainstream mainstream Green Day Green Day the Offspring the Offspring
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Pranab_Mukherjee | ` Pranab Kumar Mukherjee -LRB- born 11 December 1935 -RRB- is the 13th and current President of India , he has been in office since July 2012 . In a political career spanning six decades , Mukherjee was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and occupied several ministerial portfolios in the Government of India . Prior to his election as President , Mukherjee was Union Finance Minister from 2009 to 2012 , and the Congress party 's top troubleshooter . Mukherjee got his break in politics in 1969 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi helped him get elected to the Rajya Sabha , the upper house of Parliament , on a Congress ticket . Following a meteoric rise , he became one of Indira Gandhi 's most trusted lieutenants , and a minister in her cabinet by 1973 . During the controversial Internal Emergency of 1975 -- 77 , he was accused -LRB- like several other Congress leaders -RRB- of committing gross excesses . Mukherjee 's service in a number of ministerial capacities culminated in his first stint as finance minister in 1982 -- 84 . Mukherjee was also Leader of the House in the Rajya Sabha from 1980 to 1985 . Mukherjee was sidelined from the Congress during the premiership of Rajiv Gandhi , Indira 's son . Mukherjee had viewed himself , and not the inexperienced Rajiv , as the rightful successor to Indira following her assassination in 1984 . Mukherjee lost out in the ensuing power struggle . He formed his own party , the Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress , which merged with the Congress in 1989 after reaching a consensus with Rajiv Gandhi . Mukherjee 's political career revived when Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao appointed him Planning Commission head in 1991 and foreign minister in 1995 . Following this , as elder statesman of the Congress , Mukherjee was the principal and architect of Sonia Gandhi 's ascension to the party 's presidency in 1998 . When the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance -LRB- UPA -RRB- came into power in 2004 , Mukherjee won a Lok Sabha -LRB- the popularly elected lower house of Parliament -RRB- seat for the first time . From then until his resignation in 2012 , Mukherjee was practically number-two in Prime Minister Manmohan Singh 's government . He held a number of key cabinet portfolios -- Defence -LRB- 2004 -- 06 -RRB- , External Affairs -LRB- 2006 -- 09 -RRB- and Finance -LRB- 2009 -- 12 -RRB- -- apart from heading several Groups of Ministers -LRB- GoMs -RRB- and being Leader of the House in the Lok Sabha . After securing the UPA 's nomination for the country 's presidency in July 2012 , Mukherjee comfortably defeated P. A. Sangma in the race to Rashtrapati Bhavan , winning 70 percent of the electoral-college vote . | 0 ` Pranab Kumar Mukherjee -LRB- born 11 December 1935 -RRB- is the 13th and current President of India , he has been in office since July 2012 . 13th List of Presidents of India President of India President of India India India
1 In a political career spanning six decades , Mukherjee was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and occupied several ministerial portfolios in the Government of India . India India Indian National Congress Indian National Congress Government of India Government of India
2 Prior to his election as President , Mukherjee was Union Finance Minister from 2009 to 2012 , and the Congress party 's top troubleshooter . election as President Indian presidential election, 2012 Union Finance Minister Minister of Finance (India)
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5 Mukherjee got his break in politics in 1969 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi helped him get elected to the Rajya Sabha , the upper house of Parliament , on a Congress ticket . Indira Gandhi Indira Gandhi Rajya Sabha Rajya Sabha Parliament Parliament of India
6 Following a meteoric rise , he became one of Indira Gandhi 's most trusted lieutenants , and a minister in her cabinet by 1973 . Indira Gandhi Indira Gandhi
7 During the controversial Internal Emergency of 1975 -- 77 , he was accused -LRB- like several other Congress leaders -RRB- of committing gross excesses . Internal Emergency The Emergency (India)
8 Mukherjee 's service in a number of ministerial capacities culminated in his first stint as finance minister in 1982 -- 84 .
9 Mukherjee was also Leader of the House in the Rajya Sabha from 1980 to 1985 . Rajya Sabha Rajya Sabha
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12 Mukherjee was sidelined from the Congress during the premiership of Rajiv Gandhi , Indira 's son . Rajiv Gandhi Rajiv Gandhi
13 Mukherjee had viewed himself , and not the inexperienced Rajiv , as the rightful successor to Indira following her assassination in 1984 . her assassination Assassination of Indira Gandhi
14 Mukherjee lost out in the ensuing power struggle .
15 He formed his own party , the Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress , which merged with the Congress in 1989 after reaching a consensus with Rajiv Gandhi . Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress Rajiv Gandhi Rajiv Gandhi
16 Mukherjee 's political career revived when Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao appointed him Planning Commission head in 1991 and foreign minister in 1995 . P. V. Narasimha Rao P. V. Narasimha Rao Planning Commission Planning Commission (India) foreign minister Minister of External Affairs (India)
17 Following this , as elder statesman of the Congress , Mukherjee was the principal and architect of Sonia Gandhi 's ascension to the party 's presidency in 1998 . Sonia Gandhi Sonia Gandhi
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20 When the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance -LRB- UPA -RRB- came into power in 2004 , Mukherjee won a Lok Sabha -LRB- the popularly elected lower house of Parliament -RRB- seat for the first time . Lok Sabha Lok Sabha Parliament Parliament of India United Progressive Alliance United Progressive Alliance
21 From then until his resignation in 2012 , Mukherjee was practically number-two in Prime Minister Manmohan Singh 's government . Manmohan Singh Manmohan Singh
22 He held a number of key cabinet portfolios -- Defence -LRB- 2004 -- 06 -RRB- , External Affairs -LRB- 2006 -- 09 -RRB- and Finance -LRB- 2009 -- 12 -RRB- -- apart from heading several Groups of Ministers -LRB- GoMs -RRB- and being Leader of the House in the Lok Sabha . Lok Sabha Lok Sabha Defence Minister of Defence (India)
23 After securing the UPA 's nomination for the country 's presidency in July 2012 , Mukherjee comfortably defeated P. A. Sangma in the race to Rashtrapati Bhavan , winning 70 percent of the electoral-college vote . Rashtrapati Bhavan Rashtrapati Bhavan P. A. Sangma P. A. Sangma electoral-college Electoral College (India)
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Prometheus_-LRB-2012_film-RRB- | Prometheus -LRB- -LSB- prəˈmiːθiəs -RSB- -RRB- is a 2012 science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott , written by Jon Spaihts and Damon Lindelof and starring Noomi Rapace , Michael Fassbender , Guy Pearce , Idris Elba , Logan Marshall-Green and Charlize Theron . It is set in the late 21st century and centers on the crew of the spaceship Prometheus as it follows a star map discovered among the artifacts of several ancient Earth cultures . Seeking the origins of humanity , the crew arrives on a distant world and discovers a threat that could cause the extinction of the human species . Development of the film began in the early 2000s as a fifth installment in the Alien franchise . Scott and director James Cameron developed ideas for a film that would serve as a prequel to Scott 's 1979 science-fiction horror film Alien . By 2003 , the development of Alien vs. Predator took precedence , and the project remained dormant until 2009 when Scott again showed interest . Spaihts wrote a script for a prequel to the events of the Alien films , but Scott opted for a different direction to avoid repeating cues from those films . In late 2010 , Lindelof joined the project to rewrite Spaihts 's script , and he and Scott developed a story that precedes the story of Alien but is not directly connected to that franchise . According to Scott , although the film shares `` strands of Aliens DNA , so to speak '' , and takes place in the same universe , Prometheus explores its own mythology and ideas . Prometheus entered production in April 2010 , with extensive design phases during which the technology and creatures that the film required were developed . Principal photography began in March 2011 , with an estimated US$ 120 -- 130 million budget . The project was shot using 3D cameras throughout , almost entirely on practical sets , and on location in England , Iceland , Spain , and Scotland . It was promoted with a marketing campaign that included viral activities on the web . Three videos featuring the film 's leading actors in character , which expanded on elements of the fictional universe , were released and met with a generally positive reception and awards . Prometheus was released on June 1 , 2012 , in the United Kingdom and on June 8 , 2012 , in North America . The film received praise for the aesthetic design and the acting , especially Fassbender 's performance as the android David , while plot elements that remained unresolved or predictable were the main source of criticism . The film grossed over $ 403 million worldwide . A sequel , Alien : Covenant , was released in the U.S. on May 19 , 2017 . | 0 Prometheus -LRB- -LSB- prəˈmiːθiəs -RSB- -RRB- is a 2012 science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott , written by Jon Spaihts and Damon Lindelof and starring Noomi Rapace , Michael Fassbender , Guy Pearce , Idris Elba , Logan Marshall-Green and Charlize Theron . Ridley Scott Ridley Scott Jon Spaihts Jon Spaihts Damon Lindelof Damon Lindelof Noomi Rapace Noomi Rapace Michael Fassbender Michael Fassbender Guy Pearce Guy Pearce Idris Elba Idris Elba Logan Marshall-Green Logan Marshall-Green Charlize Theron Charlize Theron science fiction film science fiction film
1 It is set in the late 21st century and centers on the crew of the spaceship Prometheus as it follows a star map discovered among the artifacts of several ancient Earth cultures . star map star map
2 Seeking the origins of humanity , the crew arrives on a distant world and discovers a threat that could cause the extinction of the human species .
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5 Development of the film began in the early 2000s as a fifth installment in the Alien franchise . Alien Alien (film)
6 Scott and director James Cameron developed ideas for a film that would serve as a prequel to Scott 's 1979 science-fiction horror film Alien . James Cameron James Cameron prequel prequel Alien Alien (film)
7 By 2003 , the development of Alien vs. Predator took precedence , and the project remained dormant until 2009 when Scott again showed interest . Alien Alien (film) Alien vs. Predator Alien vs. Predator (film)
8 Spaihts wrote a script for a prequel to the events of the Alien films , but Scott opted for a different direction to avoid repeating cues from those films . prequel prequel Alien Alien (film)
9 In late 2010 , Lindelof joined the project to rewrite Spaihts 's script , and he and Scott developed a story that precedes the story of Alien but is not directly connected to that franchise . Alien Alien (film)
10 According to Scott , although the film shares `` strands of Aliens DNA , so to speak '' , and takes place in the same universe , Prometheus explores its own mythology and ideas . universe fictional universe
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13 Prometheus entered production in April 2010 , with extensive design phases during which the technology and creatures that the film required were developed .
14 Principal photography began in March 2011 , with an estimated US$ 120 -- 130 million budget . Principal photography Principal photography
15 The project was shot using 3D cameras throughout , almost entirely on practical sets , and on location in England , Iceland , Spain , and Scotland . 3D 3D film
16 It was promoted with a marketing campaign that included viral activities on the web .
17 Three videos featuring the film 's leading actors in character , which expanded on elements of the fictional universe , were released and met with a generally positive reception and awards . universe fictional universe
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20 Prometheus was released on June 1 , 2012 , in the United Kingdom and on June 8 , 2012 , in North America .
21 The film received praise for the aesthetic design and the acting , especially Fassbender 's performance as the android David , while plot elements that remained unresolved or predictable were the main source of criticism .
22 The film grossed over $ 403 million worldwide .
23 A sequel , Alien : Covenant , was released in the U.S. on May 19 , 2017 . Alien Alien (film)
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