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The 2007's early start to Daylight Saving Time contributed to global warming.
Today, climate change skepticism is most prominently seen in the United States, where the media disproportionately features views of the climate change denial community.
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Measurements indicating that 2017 had relatively more sea ice in the Arctic and less melting of glacial ice in Greenland casts scientific doubt on the reality of global warming.
The effects of global warming in the Arctic, or climate change in the Arctic include rising air and water temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet with a related cold temperature anomaly, observed since the 1970s.
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"The climate of this planet oscillates between periods of approximately 30 years of warming followed by approximately 30 years of cooling.
Despite a weak early Sun, the greenhouse effect from a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere, if bolstered with small amounts of methane or insulating effects of carbon-dioxide-ice clouds, would have been sufficient to warm the mean surface temperature to a value above the freezing point of water.
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They can now model how likely a specific event would be to occur under historical conditions, compared to the record temperatures we’re experiencing.
An example of such an episode is the slower rate of surface temperature increase from 1998 to 2012, which was dubbed the global warming hiatus.
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Tree-ring proxy reconstructions are reliable before 1960, tracking closely with the instrumental record and other independent proxies.
Since the pre-industrial period, global average land temperatures have increased almost twice as fast as global average temperatures.
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If we double atmospheric carbon dioxide[ … ] we’d only raise global surface temperatures by about a degree Celsius.
Not only do increasing carbon dioxide concentrations lead to increases in global surface temperature, but increasing global temperatures also cause increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide.
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He said : ‘We have had five warming cycles since about 900AD, each followed by a dramatic cooling cycle.’
This may have caused the initial cooling, and the 1452–53 eruption of Kuwae in Vanuatu triggered a second pulse of cooling.
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policies based on previous climate model output and predictions might need to be reconsidered
For example, it is used in quantitative scientific modeling, which can generate new hypotheses and predictions to be tested.
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They do not make a definitive attribution statement, but the data are consistent with and strongly suggestive of human-driven warming as a root cause of the oxygen decline.’”
A 2005 study concludes human activity is the cause of the temperature rise and resultant changing species behaviour, and links these effects with the predictions of climate models to provide validation for them.
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It also concludes that current northern hemisphere surface air temperatures are significantly higher than during the peak of the Medieval Warm Period (MWP).
Models referenced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predict that global temperatures are likely to increase by 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) between 1990 and 2100.
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Over the past eight years, the United States has reduced our total carbon pollution more than any other nation on Earth.
Lately, the temperature criterion has fallen out of the definition across the United States Bomb cyclone – A rapid deepening of a mid-latitude cyclonic low-pressure area, typically occurring over the ocean, but can occur over land.
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[subsidies for wind and solar] add to emissions because coal-fired elec­tricity needs to be on standby for when there is no wind or sunshine.
(2001) projected losses in world GDP for a medium increase in global mean temperature (above 2–3 °C relative to the 1990 temperature level), with increasing losses for greater temperature increases.
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When accelerating ice loss from Greenland and Antarctica are factored into sea level projections, the estimated sea level rise by 2100 is between 75cm to 2 metres.
Among other findings, the report concluded that sea level rises could be up to two feet higher by the year 2100, even if efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to limit global warming are successful; coastal cities across the world could see so-called "storm[s] of the century" at least once a year.
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The motions of the massive oceans where heat is moved between deep layers and the surface provides variability on time scales from years to centuries.
El Nino and La Nina are important temperature fluctuations in surface waters of the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean.
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Recent modelling data suggests the climate is considerably more sensitive to carbon emissions than previously believed
Climate sensitivity is an emergent property of these models.
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We have been grossly misled to think there is tens of thousands of times as much CO2 as there is!
In the modern era, emissions to the atmosphere from volcanoes are approximately 0.645 billion tonnes of CO 2 per year, whereas humans contribute 29 billion tonnes of CO 2 each year.
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We're coming out of the Little Ice Age.
The Summit Series, or Super Series ( in Russian Суперсерия СССР — Канада; Superseriya SSSR — Canada ), known at the time simply as the Canada–USSR Series, was an eight-game series of ice hockey between the Soviet Union and Canada, held in September 1972.
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Meanwhile, it will likely to continue to snow in Chicago in the coming days.
Since 1950, the number of cold days and nights have decreased, and the number of warm days and night have increased.
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Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are causing ocean acidification, which is catastrophically harming marine life.
In 2012 however, the 2007 record low was broken in late August with three weeks still left in the melt season.
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Rather than 100 years of unprecedented global warming as predicted by IPCC, the global temperatures have leveled off and we seem to be heading for cooler weather."
Although he might have achieved 21 knots and had given orders to raise steam ready to do so, he was also under orders to time his arrival at Liverpool for high tide so that the ship would not have to wait to enter port.
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Less energy is escaping to space: Carbon dioxide (CO2) acts like a blanket; adding more CO2 makes the 'blanket' thicker, and humans are adding more CO2 all the time.
Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is a trace gas, currently (mid 2018) having a global average concentration of 409 parts per million by volume (or 622 parts per million by mass).
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This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.
As a result of this the BoM, NOAA's CPC, IRI, and the JMA, all declared that the record-tying El Nino event had ended in late May / early June.
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“The Northern Hemisphere jet stream [ … ] flow is stronger when that temperature difference is large.
The Westerlies and associated jet stream within the Mid-Latitudes can be particularly strong, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, due to the temperature difference between the tropics and Antarctica, which records the coldest temperature readings on the planet.
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Not only is there no scientific evidence that CO2 is a pollutant, higher CO2 concentrations actually help ecosystems support more plant and animal life.
At very high concentrations ( 100 times atmospheric concentration, or greater ), carbon dioxide can be toxic to animal life, so raising the concentration to 10,000 ppm ( 1% ) or higher for several hours will eliminate pests such as whiteflies and spider mites in a greenhouse.
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Scientists have determined that the factors which caused the Little Ice Age cooling are not currently causing global warming.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reports that July 2019 was the hottest month on record globally, at 0.95 °C (1.71 °F) above the 20th century average.
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while it’s true that studies in some regions show polar bears are lighter in weight than they were in the 1980s, there is no evidence that more individuals are starving to death or becoming too thin to reproduce because of less summer ice.
In Alaska, the effects of sea ice shrinkage have contributed to higher mortality rates in polar bear cubs, and have led to changes in the denning locations of pregnant females.
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IPCC overestimate temperature rise
This range of values is not a projection of the temperature rise we will see in the 21st century, since the future change in carbon dioxide concentrations is unknown, and factors besides carbon dioxide concentrations affect temperature.
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While volcanic eruptions are natural events, it was the timing of these that had such a noticeable effect on the trend
More precise data gathered from satellite radar measurements reveal an accelerating rise of 7.5 cm (3.0 in) from 1993 to 2017, which is a trend of roughly 30 cm (12 in) per century.
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Some experts think we’re on track to hit 550 ppm by the end of the century, which would cause average global temperatures to rise by 6 degrees Celsius
Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C ( 0.5 to 3.1 °F ) in a moderate scenario, or as much as 2.6 to 4.8 °C ( 4.7 to 8.6 °F ) in an extreme scenario, depending on the rate of future greenhouse gas emissions and on climate feedback effects.
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The acceleration is making some scientists fear that Antarctica’s ice sheet may have entered the early stages of an unstoppable disintegration.
At O'Hare, temperatures as low as 7 °F (−14 °C) and 31 °F (−1 °C) have been recorded as late as April 7 and May 21, respectively.
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But [climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey—and the recent history of tropical cyclones worldwide—suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.
In particular, there are concerns that Arctic shrinkage, a consequence of melting glaciers and other ice in Greenland, could soon contribute to a substantial rise in sea levels worldwide.
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Societies do fall apart from war, disease or chaos.
Since water vapor is a greenhouse gas, the increase in water vapor content makes the atmosphere warm further; this warming causes the atmosphere to hold still more water vapor (a positive feedback), and so on until other processes stop the feedback loop.
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The fact that so many studies on climate change don't bother to endorse the consensus position is significant because scientists have largely moved from what's causing global warming onto discussing details of the problem (eg - how fast, how soon, impacts, etc).
From 1961 to 1990, a gradual reduction in the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface was observed, a phenomenon popularly known as global dimming, typically attributed to aerosols from biofuel and fossil fuel burning.
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The warmer the planet gets, the more ozone forms, and by mid-century, Americans will likely suffer a 70 percent increase in unhealthy ozone smog, the National Center for Atmospheric Research has projected.
The current scientific consensus is that: Earth's climate has warmed significantly since the late 1800s.
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CO2 limits won't cool the planet.
If cloud cover increases, more sunlight will be reflected back into space, cooling the planet.
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A new article in Nature Geoscience describes an innovative approach employed to derive ice-mass changes from GRACE data.
Global Warming theory suggests that the stratosphere should cool while the troposphere warms.
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Human activities (mainly greenhouse-gas emissions) are the dominant cause of the rapid warming since the middle 1900s (IPCC, 2013).
The effects of climate change on human systems, mostly due to warming and shifts in precipitation, have been detected worldwide.
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Venus is not hot because of a runaway greenhouse.
Projections consistently showed increase in annual world emissions of "Kyoto" gases, measured in CO 2-equivalent) of 25–90% by 2030, compared to 2000.
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None of these places, which today supply much of the world’s food, will be reliable sources of any.
Koko was reported to use meta-language, being able to use language reflexively to speak about language itself, signing "good sign" to another gorilla who successfully used signing.
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The idea that climate change is producing heat records across the Earth is among the most egregious manipulations of data in the absurd global warming debate.
"Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions".
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The Independent Climate Change Email Review found the CRU scientists were unhelpful and unsympathetic to information requesters and at times broke FoI laws.
The upper temperature level is given by the soil or water surface of the earth, which absorbs the incoming sun radiation and warms up, evaporating water.
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Warming causes more moisture in the air which leads to more extreme precipitation events.
Over most of the mid-latitude land masses and wet tropical regions, extreme precipitation events will very likely become more intense and frequent.
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Great Barrier Reef may perish by 2030s
The last report was published in 2019.
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Earth’s climate is now changing faster than at any point in the history of modern civilization, primarily as a result of human activities.
Its main findings were; 20th century instrumentally measured warming showed in observational evidence, and can be simulated with climate models, large-scale surface temperature reconstructions "yield a generally consistent picture of temperature trends during the preceding millennium", including the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age, "but the exact timing and duration of warm periods may have varied from region to region, and the magnitude and geographic extent of the warmth are uncertain."
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Using satellite data rather than tide-gauge data that is normally used to measure sea levels allows for more precise estimates of global sea level, since it provides measurements of the open ocean.
These very accurate observations of variations in sea surface height—also known as ocean topography—provide information about global sea level, the speed and direction of ocean currents, and heat stored in the ocean.
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A recent study in Nature Geoscience, for instance, called into question whether the Arctic’s melting, and in particular its sea ice loss, has been causing winter cooling over Eurasia, another idea that has been swept up in the debate over the jet stream and weather extremes.”
Since the 1950s, droughts and heat waves have appeared simultaneously with increasing frequency.
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[ South Australia ] has the most expensive electricity in the world.
It was claimed in 2017 that South Australia had the most expensive electricity in the world Another analysis claimed that South Australia has the second cheapest electricity in Australia.
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This could mean the landmark Paris Climate Agreement – which seeks to limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius ( 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit ) above pre-industrial levels – may not be enough to ward off catastrophe.
A 2018 published study points at a threshold at which temperatures could rise to 4 or 5 degrees compared to the pre-industrial levels, through self-reinforcing feedbacks in the climate system, suggesting this threshold is below the 2-degree temperature target, agreed upon by the Paris climate deal.
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But like most claims regarding global warming, the real effect is small, probably temporary, and most likely due to natural weather patterns
The effects of global warming include rising sea levels, regional changes in precipitation, more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves, and expansion of deserts.
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The error was incorrect citation, failing to mention the peer-reviewed papers where the data came from.
The emission of greenhouse gases leads to global warming which affects ecosystems in many ways.
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That humans are causing global warming is the position of the Academies of Science from 80 countries plus many scientific organizations that study climate science.
Present extinction rates may be as high as 140,000 species lost per year due to human activity, such as slash-and-burn techniques that sometimes are practiced by shifting cultivators, especially in countries with rapidly expanding rural populations, which have reduced habitat in tropical forests.
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more so than downsizing one’s car, or being vigilant about turning off light bulbs, and certainly more than quitting showering.
Intelligent Light System is a headlamp beam control system introduced in 2006 on the Mercedes-Benz E-Class ( W211 ) which offers five different bi-xenon light functions, each of which is suited to typical driving or weather conditions : Country mode Motorway mode Enhanced fog lamps Active light function ( Advanced front-lighting system ( AFS ) ) Cornering light function Adaptive Highbeam Assist is Mercedes-Benz' marketing name for a headlight control strategy that continuously automatically tailors the headlamp range so the beam just reaches other vehicles ahead, thus always ensuring maximum possible seeing range without glaring other road users.
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Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’
The last continental glaciation ended 10,000 years ago.
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Murry Salby finds CO2 rise is natural.
Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use.
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Climate sensitivity can be calculated empirically by comparing past temperature change to natural forcings at the time.
Climate sensitivity can be estimated using observed temperature rise, observed ocean heat uptake, and modeled or observed radiative forcing.
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“Typically, in such an attribution study, scientists will use sets of climate models — one set including the factors that drive human global warming and the other including purely “natural” factors — and see if an event like the one in question is more likely to occur in the first set of models.
Five Great Barrier Reef species of large benthic corals were found bleached under elevated temperatures, affirming that benthic corals are vulnerable to thermal stress.
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In its 5th assessment report in 2013, the IPCC estimated that human emissions are probably responsible for more than half of the observed increase in global average temperature from 1951 to 2010.
The IPCC literature assessment estimates that TCR likely lies between 1 °C and 2.5 °C.
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Scientific analysis of past climates shows that greenhouse gasses, principally CO2, have controlled most ancient climate changes.
At the same time, the solar power industry grew by almost a quarter to 374,000 jobs.
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in 1995 one scientist at the IPCC – Jonathan Overpeck – wrote an email to a colleague claiming ‘we have to get rid of the Medieval Warm Period.’
However, that view was questioned by other researchers; the IPCC First Assessment Report of 1990 discussed the Medieval Warm Period around 1000 AD ( which may not have been global ) and the Little Ice Age which ended only in the middle to late nineteenth century.
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Thick arctic sea ice is in rapid retreat.
A composite record of Arctic ice demonstrates that the floes' retreat began around 1900, experiencing more rapid melting beginning within the past 50 years.
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Global warming is an increasingly urgent problem.
In 2019, the British Parliament became the first national government in the world to officially declare a climate emergency.
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The models predicted about three times the amount of warming in the world we’ve seen since 1988.
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a method to mitigate climate change by capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from large point sources such as power plants and subsequently storing it away safely instead of releasing it into the atmosphere.
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'Global warming' and 'climate change' mean different things and have both been used for decades.
Adaptation is especially important in developing countries since they are predicted to bear the brunt of the effects of global warming.
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Around 1990 it became obvious the local tide-gauge did not agree - there was no evidence of 'sinking.'
Although he might have achieved 21 knots and had given orders to raise steam ready to do so, he was also under orders to time his arrival at Liverpool for high tide so that the ship would not have to wait to enter port.
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CO2 increase is natural, not human-caused
Catastrophic effects in 50–100 years would likely be observed according to 41%, while 44% thought the effects would be moderate and about 13 percent saw relatively little danger.
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Temperatures in the Arctic have soared recently, and scientists are struggling to explain exactly why.
According to the Fourth (2017) National Climate Assessment (NCA) of the United States it is very likely sea level will rise between 30 and 130 cm (1.0–4.3 feet) in 2100 compared to the year 2000.
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‘Heatwaves are far more intense than when my parents were growing up in the 1950s.
Tipping points are "perhaps the most ‘dangerous’ aspect of future climate changes", leading to irreversible impacts on society.
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In truth, the overwhelming majority of climate-research funding comes from the federal government and left-wing foundations.
Organizations such as the libertarian Competitive Enterprise Institute, as well as conservative commentators, have challenged IPCC climate change scenarios, funded scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus, and provided their own projections of the economic cost of stricter controls.
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A World Heritage site, it is currently under assault from unusually hot ocean temperatures,”
The area's warm and humid climate is caused primarily by its low elevation, its position relatively close to the Tropic of Cancer, and its location in the center of a peninsula.
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Man-made greenhouse gases play only an insignificant role.”
As a result of continued warming, the polar ice caps melted and much of Gondwana became a desert.
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Venus doesn't have a runaway greenhouse effect
Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change.
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the first scientists to show that the thick icecap that once covered the Arctic ocean was beginning to thin and shrink.
Peter Travers of Rolling Stone noted that the film has mixed "twists lifted from 1972's Conquest of the Planet of the Apes and 1999's Deep Blue Sea".
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the satellite sensors show less warming in the lower troposphere (approximately 10,000 feet above the earth’s surface) than is reported by surface temperature readings.
The trucking and haulage industry plays a part in production of CO 2, contributing around 20% of the UK's total carbon emissions a year, with only the energy industry having a larger impact at around 39%.
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In many other cases, though — hurricanes, for example — the linkage to global warming for particular trends is uncertain or disputed.
Their effects, together with those of other anthropogenic drivers, have been detected throughout the climate system and are extremely likely to have been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century'".
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Let’s find out by comparing the actual temperatures since 1979 with what the 32 families of climate models used in the latest U.N. report on climate science predicted they would be.
Over three-quarters of annual rainfall in Northern Australia falls during this time.
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...there [ is ] anecdotal and other evidence suggesting similar melts from 1938-43 and on other occasions.
They were formed by the melting of sulfur deposits at temperatures as low as 113 °C ( 235 °F ).
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There are a number of forcings which affect climate ( eg - stratospheric aerosols, solar variations ).
Suggested causes of ice age periods include the positions of the continents, variations in the Earth's orbit, changes in the solar output, and volcanism.
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A fast transition away from fossil fuels in the next few decades could be enough to put off rapid sea-level rise for centuries.
The pathways that are consistent with limiting warning to approximately 1.5 °C describe a rapid transition towards producing electricity through lower-emission methods, and increasing use of electricity instead of other fuels in sectors such as transportation.
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Multiple lines of independent evidence indicate humidity is rising and provides positive feedback.
Less water vapor means both low dew point temperatures and more efficient daytime heating, decreasing the chances of humidity in the atmosphere leading to cloud formation.
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“Every day, nature puts twenty times as much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as all of Earth industries.
IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1 2007, FAQ1.1: "To emit 240 W m−2, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19 °C.
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The effect of long-term warming is to make it harder to count on snowmelt runoff in wet times
As the temperature of a parcel of air decreases it will eventually reach the saturation point without adding or losing water mass.
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The fact that so many studies on climate change don't bother to endorse the consensus position is significant because scientists have largely moved from what's causing global warming onto discussing details of the problem (eg - how fast, how soon, impacts, etc).
In Western Australia during summer 2006–2007, DST increased electricity consumption during hotter days and decreased it during cooler days, with consumption rising 0.6% overall.
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A longer and warmer growing season also has an effect, Dr. Overpeck said, as plants take up more water, further reducing stream flows.
Increased temperatures and altered hydrological cycles are predicted to translate to shorter growing seasons, overall reduced biomass production, and lower grain yields.
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Greenland on the whole is losing ice, as confirmed by satellite measurement.
This is the main reason for absorption of HF radio waves, particularly at 10 MHz and below, with progressively less absorption at higher frequencies.
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Polar bear numbers are increasing
While ‘climate change’ can be due to natural forces or human activity, there is now substantial evidence to indicate that human activity – and specifically increased greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions – is a key factor in the pace and extent of global temperature increases.
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Nine years into that 11-year hurricane drought, a NASA scientist computed it as a 1-in-177-year event.
A statewide drought began in November 2005, one month after Hurricane Wilma's passage through the state, and persisted until 2009.
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“Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years.
Early quantitative reconstructions were published in the 1980s.
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The global surface mean temperature-change data no longer have any scientific value and are nothing more than a propaganda tool to the public.
The target is to show the extent of danger to humanity, create awareness in public that will lead to solutions.
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cold kills many more people than heat.
Within the United States alone, an average of 1,000 people die each year due to extreme heat.
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In the early 2000s, ice shelves began disintegrating in several parts of Antarctica, and scientists realized that process could greatly accelerate the demise of the vastly larger ice sheets themselves.
Recent decades have witnessed several dramatic collapses of large ice shelves around the coast of Antarctica, especially along the Antarctic Peninsula.
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“Healthy societies do not fall apart over slow, widely predicted, relatively small economic adjustments of the sort painted by climate analysis.
The Clean Air Act of 1970 (1970 CAA) authorized the development of comprehensive federal and state regulations to limit emissions from both stationary (industrial) sources and mobile sources.
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Forward projections of solar cyclicity imply the next few decades may be marked by global cooling rather than warming, despite continuing CO2 emissions.
"More recently, evaporation over lakes has steadily been increasing, largely due to increases in water surface temperature," Gronewold said.
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There are about 120,000 solar energy jobs in the United States, but only 1,700 of them are in Georgia.
The solar industry is currently one of the fastest growing in the United States, employing more than 250,000 people as of 2018.
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[Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.
In comparison to the extended record, the sea-ice extent in the polar region by September 2007 was only half the recorded mass that had been estimated to exist within the 1950–1970 period.
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Meanwhile, it will likely to continue to snow in Chicago in the coming days.
Taught master's degrees are normally one to two year courses, rated at 60 - 120 ECTS credits, while research master's degrees are normally two year courses, either rated at 120 ECTS credits or not credit rated.
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Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [ of climate change ], but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one.
Seventy-five of 77 believed that human activity is a significant factor in changing mean global temperatures.
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Arctic sea ice loss is matched by Antarctic sea ice gain.
In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.
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I note particularly that sea-level rise is not affected by the warming; it continues at the same rate, 1.8 millimeters a year, according to a 1990 review by Andrew S. Trupin and John Wahr.
Data collected by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation ( CSIRO ) in Australia show the current global mean sea level trend to be 3.2 mm ( 0.13 in ) per year, a doubling of the rate during the 20th century.
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it’s virtually impossible to get funded for work that disputes climate change through other channels [ other than oil companies ]
The New York Times and others reported in 2015 that oil companies knew that burning oil and gas could cause climate change and global warming since the 1970s but nonetheless funded deniers for years.
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Any reasonable person can recognize both positives and negatives among the policy proposals of both Tories and Labour.
Volcanic eruptions, solar variations and anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere and land use change are external forcings.
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