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In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
[EX Q]: Context: Actually, that's just what taking the office of President seriously looks like. Hillary Clinton (@HillaryClinton) September 8, 2016 Question: what website is linked in this? Answer: twitter
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Context: Bill O'Reilly before Trump got into the race.Bill O'Reilly after the election. southpaw (@nycsouthpaw) December 21, 2016 Question: who got into the race? Answer: trump
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Context: It was well worth waiting for the clouds to clear over Greenwich tonight! Here's the Wolf Moon - the first full moon of the year and a #supermoon - captured with a small telescope and processed in high colour for mineral reflectance. #startazing @ROGAstronomers Tom Kerss 🎄⛄️🎁 (@tomkerss) January 1, 2018 Question: what date do scores come out? Answer: may 10
[EX A]: | no
| NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
--------
Question: Says Marco Rubio has the worst voting record there is today.
Answer: candidates-biography
Question: "Senator Obama's relatives and friends say he has been talking about running for president for at least the last 15 years," a campaign spokesman said.
Answer: candidates-biography
Question: The truth is, Planned Parenthood does not provide mammograms. Planned Parenthood refers women to mammography providers, serving as the middlewoman, if you will.
Answer: | health-care
| NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
instruction:
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
question:
Eddie: Ken , Ken er , Ken ?
Joan: Hello , Ken , notice anything different ?
Ken: Hello , Joan , Eddie . Bloody hell you two look smart , what 's the occasion ?
Tanya: It 's their wedding anniversary , Ken .
Ken: Is it ? Well , congratulations .
Joan: 19 years today .
Eddie: The great trainrobbers did n't get that eh , Ken eh ?
Ken: Has Oscar Wilde come in ?
Eddie: Ey , are you having that , Tommy ? 19 years we 've being together , the great trainrobbers did n't get that , eh ?
Tommy: I 've heard it before Eddie , millions of times .
Eddie: Righto , then .
Ken: So , what 's your secret then , Eddie ?
Eddie: Always be honest to each other , that 's the first thing .
Ken: Oh , aye .
Eddie: And tell her you love her at least once a day .
Ken: Oh , well , make your mind up Eddie , it 's _ one _ or the other .
Eddie: Ohm no , well , that 's the secret
Tanya: Oh , I think it 's lovely . So are you going anywhere nice ?
Joan: Just in here . We might stop for some chips on the way home .
Joe: Bloody hell , Posh and Becks , eat your hearts out
Joan: What is he like ?
Tanya: Is that all your doing on your wedding anniversary then , Eddie , coming in here and then going for a bag of chips ?
Eddie: Well , there 's nothing wrong with that .
Tanya: It 's hardly romantic , though , is it ?
Ken: Show her how much you love her Eddie , throw in a fish .
answer:
OTHER
question:
Agnes DiPesto: Mr. Addison . Here 's your ticket .
David Addison: Thanks again , Agnes .
Agnes DiPesto: I guess this means you 're going away .
David Addison: Agnes , in all my born days I have never met a person who could put _ two _ and two together faster than you .
Agnes DiPesto: Math was always my strongest subject .
answer:
OTHER
question:
Daniel Tosh: We 'll put an asterisk next to Barry Bonds ' name , sure , as soon as we put _ one _ next to Babe Ruth 's name . Getting to break records before black people were allowed to play ? Excuse me , where is that asterisk ? Why do n't people talk about that ?
answer:
| REFERENCE asterisk
| NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
One example: Context: Our prayers are with the students, educators & families at Independence High School & all the first responders on the scene. #PatriotPride— Doug Ducey (@dougducey) February 12, 2016 Question: at which school were first responders on the scene for? Answer: independence high school
Solution is here: yes
Explanation: Here, the generated label is 'yes' because the given context is useful in answering the question.
Now, solve this: Context: It was well worth waiting for the clouds to clear over Greenwich tonight! Here's the Wolf Moon - the first full moon of the year and a #supermoon - captured with a small telescope and processed in high colour for mineral reflectance. #startazing @ROGAstronomers Tom Kerss 🎄⛄️🎁 (@tomkerss) January 1, 2018 Question: what date do scores come out? Answer: may 10
Solution: | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Part 2. Example
Says the Annies List political group supports third-trimester abortions on demand.
Answer: abortion
Explanation: It's a correct subject of the statement because it talks about a political group supporting demans of abortions.
Part 3. Exercise
The truth is, Planned Parenthood does not provide mammograms. Planned Parenthood refers women to mammography providers, serving as the middlewoman, if you will.
Answer: | health-care | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
Teacher:Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Sentence1: An organic molecule is one involving carbon.
Sentence2: organic molecules cycle quickly between organisms and the atmosphere.
Student: | molecule | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | zs_opt |
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
One example is below.
Q: Jess Mastriani: No, I don't want another crooler, thank you very much.
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: But it's good for you. It's got... honeyglaze. Please die for this crooler, Jess.
Jess Mastriani: I've had _ two _ already. Who eats three croolers in a night?
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: Take a look. [Nicole takes a huge bite] Mmmmm, Mmmmm, Mmmmm!
A: REFERENCE crooler
Rationale: In this example, the number two refers to something that appears in this text. In this example, it refers to the word: crooler.
Q: Daniel Tosh: We 'll put an asterisk next to Barry Bonds ' name , sure , as soon as we put _ one _ next to Babe Ruth 's name . Getting to break records before black people were allowed to play ? Excuse me , where is that asterisk ? Why do n't people talk about that ?
A: | REFERENCE asterisk | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
--------
Question: Context Word: reject.
Question: PersonX wanted to accept the deal but PersonY wanted to reject it, as _ had all their demands met.
Answer: PersonX
Answer: PersonX wanted to accept the deal but PersonY wanted to reject it, as _ did not have all their demands met.
Question: Context Word: fall.
Question: PersonX tried to step in and prevent PersonY 's fall, but _ was too slow.
Answer: PersonX
Answer: PersonX tried to step in and prevent PersonY 's fall, but _ was too fast.
Question: Context Word: paint.
Question: PersonX hires PersonY to paint a room in the house, so it's more likely _ is the homeowner.
Answer: PersonX
Answer: | PersonX hires PersonY to paint a room in the house, so it's more likely _ is the contractor.
| NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Part 2. Example
Context word: upset.
Question: PersonX yelled at PersonY because _ was so upset about the news.
Answer: PersonX.
Answer: PersonX comforted at PersonY because _ was so upset about the news.
Explanation: On replacing the trigger word "yelled" with its antonym "comforted", the answer flips to PersonY which is as per the given instruction. So, this is a valid question.
Part 3. Exercise
Context Word: paint.
Question: PersonX hires PersonY to paint a room in the house, so it's more likely _ is the homeowner.
Answer: PersonX
Answer: | PersonX hires PersonY to paint a room in the house, so it's more likely _ is the contractor. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Context: Missed the Woody Allen tribute - did they put the part where a woman publicly confirmed he molested her at age 7 before or after Annie Hall?— Ronan Farrow (@RonanFarrow) January 13, 2014 Question: which editor died recently? Answer: ben bradlee | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Problem:Says U.S. Rep. Ann McLane Kuster used $293,000 of taxpayer money to send campaign mail.
Solution: | campaign-finance | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | zs_opt |
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
story: Jim's cat would not stop meowing. His cat was keeping him up all night. Jim decided to play with his cat. He also gave his cat some catnip. After a few minutes, his cat got tired and fell asleep.
selected sentence: He also gave his cat some catnip. | Jim's Cat would not stop meowing >Causes/Enables> Jim gave his cat catnip | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Input: Consider Input: Sentence1: Many plants respond to the days growing shorter in the fall by going dormant.
Sentence2: Many plants respond to the autumnal equinox by going dormant.
Output: Many
Input: Consider Input: Sentence1: harming an animal species causes that animal 's population to decrease.
Sentence2: Oil spill sare harmful to animals and the enviroment.
Output: harming
Input: Consider Input: Sentence1: if seeds stick to the fur of an animal then that seed will be transported by the animal.
Sentence2: Gelatinous coating helps seeds stick to fur and clothing when wet.
| Output: fur
| NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
Teacher: Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Sentence1: pesticides cause pollution.
Sentence2: pollution can harm animals.
Solution: pollution.
Reason: The word "pollution" is common to Sentence1 and Sentence2. So, it's a good answer.
Now, solve this instance: Sentence1: if seeds stick to the fur of an animal then that seed will be transported by the animal.
Sentence2: Gelatinous coating helps seeds stick to fur and clothing when wet.
Student: | fur | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Context Word: spa.
Question: PersonX went to the gym while PersonY went to the spa, and because of this, _ had quite an exhausting two hours.
Answer: PersonX
| PersonX went to the gym while PersonY went to the spa, and because of this, _ had quite a relaxing two hours. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Q: Says his elections proposal would allow a potential of 168 hours (of early voting), which I think is the most weve ever had.
A: | elections | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | zs_opt |
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Context Word: stride.
Question: Since PersonX had a longer stride than PersonY, _ passed them up in the race.
Answer: PersonX | Since PersonX had a shorter stride than PersonY, _ passed them up in the race. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | zs_opt |
TASK DEFINITION: You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
PROBLEM: Context Word: bad habit.
Question: PersonX had the bad habit of chewing their nails but PersonY didn't have the same habit. _ had raggedy looking hands.
Answer: PersonX
SOLUTION: PersonX had the bad habit of chewing their nails but PersonY didn't have the same habit. _ had neat looking hands.
PROBLEM: Context Word: kiwis.
Question: Kiwis are a favorite of PersonX, while PersonY can't eat them. _ has overall has strong teeth.
Answer: PersonX
SOLUTION: Kiwis are a favorite of PersonX, while PersonY can't eat them. _ has overall has sensitive teeth.
PROBLEM: Context Word: college.
Question: PersonX had a higher college degree than PersonY, so _ was offered more promotions at work.
Answer: PersonX
SOLUTION: | PersonX had a higher college degree than PersonY, so _ was offered fewer promotions at work.
| NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Let me give you an example: Context word: upset.
Question: PersonX yelled at PersonY because _ was so upset about the news.
Answer: PersonX.
The answer to this example can be: PersonX comforted at PersonY because _ was so upset about the news.
Here is why: On replacing the trigger word "yelled" with its antonym "comforted", the answer flips to PersonY which is as per the given instruction. So, this is a valid question.
OK. solve this:
Context Word: college.
Question: PersonX had a higher college degree than PersonY, so _ was offered more promotions at work.
Answer: PersonX
Answer: | PersonX had a higher college degree than PersonY, so _ was offered fewer promotions at work. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
A congressional laundry closed due to the partial government shutdown.
debt
Says Donald Trump is for a single-payer health care system.
health-care
Says Tom Barrett plans to spend $100 million on a trolley that goes barely two miles on the east side of Milwaukee.
| city-government
| NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Example Input: Context Word: beverage.
Question: PersonX went to get themselves a beverage but PersonY did not because _ was parched.
Answer: PersonX
Example Output: PersonX went to get themselves a beverage but PersonY did not because _ was sated.
Example Input: Context Word: divorce.
Question: PersonX wanted to get a divorce from PersonY, because _ was too jealous about her.
Answer: PersonX
Example Output: PersonX wanted to get a divorce from PersonY, because _ was too nagging to him.
Example Input: Context Word: nails.
Question: The nails were held by PersonX while PersonY swung the hammer, since _ had a steadier hand.
Answer: PersonX
Example Output: | The nails were held by PersonX while PersonY swung the hammer, since _ had a stronger hand.
| NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
Two analogies that signify affordances are given in the form "A : B. C : ?". Affordance is the possibility of an action being done on an object, for example book is an affordance of writing. The phrase "A : B" implies that B is an affordance of A. Your task is to replace the question mark (?) with the appropriate affordance of the given action C, following the "A : B" relation. Your answer should be a single object without further explanation.
Q: make : promise. swallow : ?
A: pill
****
Q: attack : enemy. pursue : ?
A: quarry
****
Q: elect : congressman. climb : ?
A: | tree
****
| NIv2 | task1153_bard_analogical_reasoning_affordance | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Says the Annies List political group supports third-trimester abortions on demand.
Solution: abortion
Why? It's a correct subject of the statement because it talks about a political group supporting demans of abortions.
New input: Says Tom Barrett plans to spend $100 million on a trolley that goes barely two miles on the east side of Milwaukee.
Solution: | city-government | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Example input: Context word: upset.
Question: PersonX yelled at PersonY because _ was so upset about the news.
Answer: PersonX.
Example output: PersonX comforted at PersonY because _ was so upset about the news.
Example explanation: On replacing the trigger word "yelled" with its antonym "comforted", the answer flips to PersonY which is as per the given instruction. So, this is a valid question.
Q: Context Word: nails.
Question: The nails were held by PersonX while PersonY swung the hammer, since _ had a steadier hand.
Answer: PersonX
A: | The nails were held by PersonX while PersonY swung the hammer, since _ had a stronger hand. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Two analogies that signify affordances are given in the form "A : B. C : ?". Affordance is the possibility of an action being done on an object, for example book is an affordance of writing. The phrase "A : B" implies that B is an affordance of A. Your task is to replace the question mark (?) with the appropriate affordance of the given action C, following the "A : B" relation. Your answer should be a single object without further explanation.
See one example below:
Problem: cure : disease. swing : ?
Solution: sword
Explanation: The given analogy implies that diseases can be cured - an affordance relation. Hence, the appropriate answer for swing is sword, since swords can be swung.
Problem: elect : congressman. climb : ?
Solution: | tree | NIv2 | task1153_bard_analogical_reasoning_affordance | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Q: The foreign secretary told MPs the UK government would achieve this via the joint ministerial committee process. Plaid Cymru hailed this as "seemingly a major concession" from UK ministers. On Monday, Welsh First Minister Carwyn Jones urged the prime minister to listen to voices outside the Westminster "bubble" on Brexit. Responding to a question from Plaid Cymru MP Jonathan Edwards on Tuesday, Mr Johnson said: "We work closely under the joint ministerial committee to bring in the devolved administrations and to make sure that the great deal we're going to get has their endorsement and their approval." Mr Edwards had asked the foreign secretary to ensure "in the spirit of co-operation" that the final Brexit deal was endorsed by the devolved parliaments before it was signed. "This is seemingly a major concession from the British government and one that Plaid Cymru has been calling for since before the referendum was held," Mr Edwards said afterwards. "Wales, as an exporting nation, has a major stake in these negotiations and it is right that the final deal should be endorsed by all four countries before it is signed." He added: "The British government must now stick to its word and I will be seeking clarity from the prime minister and the Brexit secretary to ensure that the foreign secretary's concession today is honoured."
A: | Boris Johnson pledge to nations on Brexit deal approval | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
--------
Question: Maxwell Smart: You see the moment I suspected there was something wrong with this old scow , I immediately telephoned headquarters and I happen to know that at this very minute seven coastguard cutters are converging on this boat . Would you believe it ? Seven .
Mr. Big: I find that pretty hard to believe .
Maxwell Smart: Would you believe _ six _ ?
Mr. Big: I do n't think so .
Maxwell Smart: How about two cops in a rowboat ?
Answer: REFERENCE cutters
Question: Marcy: Here 's something you might all enjoy : a fine foreign film about a young Peruvian girl who lives in the rainforest and dreams of having a bicycle .
Al: Any hooters ?
Marcy: It is a François LuMach film . He explores the mind .
Al: Well , I prefer the Joseph Zipper production of " They Exploded Out of Their Bras " .
Jefferson: Marcy , you might like that _ one _ . It 's a film about women .
Answer: REFERENCE film
Question: Det. Phil Fish: He was probably snooping around into our personnel files and came up with something really big .
Capt. Barney Miller: Like what ?
Det. Phil Fish: Like the fact that I cheated on my income tax .
Capt. Barney Miller: When was that ?
Det. Phil Fish: About _ nine _ , ten years ago . I went to a police convention in San Francisco , and I deducted all the expenses for Bernice .
Det. Sgt. Nick Yemana: There 's nothing illegal about that .
Det. Phil Fish: Yes , there is . I did n't take Bernice .
Capt. Barney Miller: Did the I.R.S. find out about it ?
Det. Phil Fish: Yeah , they disallowed it and they took it out the next year .
Capt. Barney Miller: Well , if you 're straight with the government , Kelly ca n't hurt you .
Det. Phil Fish: I 'm not worried about Kelly , I 'm worried about Bernice .
Answer: | REFERENCE years
| NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Part 2. Example
Jess Mastriani: No, I don't want another crooler, thank you very much.
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: But it's good for you. It's got... honeyglaze. Please die for this crooler, Jess.
Jess Mastriani: I've had _ two _ already. Who eats three croolers in a night?
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: Take a look. [Nicole takes a huge bite] Mmmmm, Mmmmm, Mmmmm!
Answer: REFERENCE crooler
Explanation: In this example, the number two refers to something that appears in this text. In this example, it refers to the word: crooler.
Part 3. Exercise
Det. Phil Fish: He was probably snooping around into our personnel files and came up with something really big .
Capt. Barney Miller: Like what ?
Det. Phil Fish: Like the fact that I cheated on my income tax .
Capt. Barney Miller: When was that ?
Det. Phil Fish: About _ nine _ , ten years ago . I went to a police convention in San Francisco , and I deducted all the expenses for Bernice .
Det. Sgt. Nick Yemana: There 's nothing illegal about that .
Det. Phil Fish: Yes , there is . I did n't take Bernice .
Capt. Barney Miller: Did the I.R.S. find out about it ?
Det. Phil Fish: Yeah , they disallowed it and they took it out the next year .
Capt. Barney Miller: Well , if you 're straight with the government , Kelly ca n't hurt you .
Det. Phil Fish: I 'm not worried about Kelly , I 'm worried about Bernice .
Answer: | REFERENCE years | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
Teacher:In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Statement: If it's just plain stupid to continue making rambling, drunken, late night phone calls to Ellen Barkin despite a court order--hypothetically speaking--what's to be gained by running a no-win campaign in New Hampshire? Choices: 1. Ellen Barkin is has never received late night phone calls. 2. Ellen Barkin is fade up of these phone calls. 3. Late night phone calls to Ellen Barkin.
Student: | 1 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
Instructions: In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Input: Says Michelle Nunn is for amnesty.
Output: | homeland-security | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Ex Input:
Context: MY PICTURE OF PRINCES WILLIAM AND HARRY WITH THEIR FATHER THE PRINCE OF WALES. #FATHERANDSONDAY @KensingtonRoyal Mario Testino (@mariotestino) June 29, 2015 Question: what type of zone is someone in if you don't return their feelings? Answer: friend
Ex Output:
no
Ex Input:
Context: Massive congrats to my good buddy @BKoepka on the win in Turkey! Very well deserved, enjoy the celebrations!— Rory Mcilroy (@McIlroyRory) November 16, 2014 Question: what should you not be afraid to do? Answer: experiment with your look
Ex Output:
no
Ex Input:
Context: Robert Kraft says he expects an apology from the NFL if investigation does not "definitively determine" the Patriots tampered w/footballs— Rachel Nichols (@Rachel__Nichols) January 27, 2015 Question: who posted this tweet? Answer: rachel nichols
Ex Output:
| yes
| NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
The Labour leader said newspapers had gone a "little bit James Bond" in their coverage of his meetings with diplomat and agent Jan Sarkocy. He suggested the reporting showed how "worried" media bosses were by the prospect of a Labour government. The Sun said it would continue to ask "inconvenient" questions. Details of a file held on Mr Corbyn by the StB, the Communist-era Czechoslovakian intelligence agency, were first reported by The Sun almost a week ago. It reported contacts Mr Corbyn is alleged to have had with Mr Sarkocy, who was working in the Czechoslovakian embassy in London, towards the end of the Cold War in 1986 and 1987. Czech officials have since told the BBC Mr Corbyn was a "person of interest" to their intelligence agencies but not an informant, contradicting claims reportedly made by Mr Sarkocy. The story has been widely reported by British newspapers, prompting calls by Theresa May for Mr Corbyn to be open about his past actions and one cabinet minister to accuse him of "betraying" Britain. Mr Corbyn has previously declined to comments on the claims, but earlier on Tuesday at an event in London he was asked directly whether he was a Czech spy, replying "no". The Labour leader has now upped the ante, releasing a video message to supporters accusing newspapers of reporting "increasingly wild and entirely false" claims made by Mr Sarkocy. "In the last few days, The Sun, The Mail, The Telegraph and The Express have all gone a little bit James Bond. "It's easy to laugh, but something more serious is happening," he said. 'Bad habits' "Publishing these ridiculous smears that have been refuted by Czech officials shows just how worried the media bosses are by the prospect of a Labour government. "They're right to be. Labour will stand up to the powerful and corrupt - and take the side of the many, not the few." Mr Corbyn said the right-wing press had become less powerful in the era of social media and "their bad habits were becoming less and less relevant". "A free press is essential for democracy and we don't want to close it down, we want to open it up. At the moment, much of our press isn't very free at all. "In fact it's controlled by billionaire tax exiles, who are determined to dodge paying their fair share for our vital public services. "Instead of learning these lessons they're continuing to resort to lies and smears. Their readers - you, all of us - deserve so much better. Well, we've got news for them: change is coming." The BBC understands the phrase "change is coming" refers to Labour's plans to go ahead with a second stage of the Leveson inquiry into press ethics as well a review of media ownership and plurality. The Sun issued a statement hitting back at the Labour leader and defending its coverage. "Over the past few days, we have revealed substantial, documented evidence from the Czech security archive that a Czech spy met with Jeremy Corbyn at the height of the Cold War," it said, adding that it was in the public interest to know details of the meeting. "Those questions are yet to be answered and we will keep asking them, no matter how inconvenient they might be, nor how many times we are threatened with 'change' - whatever that may mean. "They are questions that we would put to anybody who aspires to the highest office in the land."
| Corbyn: Spy stories show press is worried by Labour government | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
Definition: In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Input: Rosie: Really ? You dialed _ 911 _ and you got me ? Oh , honey , you are fucked .
Output: | OTHER | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | zs_opt |
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Ex Input:
A_Long_Long_Way | country | Ireland
Ireland | ethnicGroup | White_people
A_Long_Long_Way | publisher | Viking_Press
Viking_Press | parentCompany | Penguin_Random_House
A_Long_Long_Way | followedBy | The_Secret_Scripture
Ex Output:
A Long Long Way was published in Ireland, where white people live, by Viking Press, parented by Penguin Random House, who subsequently published The Secret Scripture.
Ex Input:
Acharya_Institute_of_Technology | president | "B.M. Reddy"
Acharya_Institute_of_Technology | city | Bangalore
Acharya_Institute_of_Technology | country | "India"
Acharya_Institute_of_Technology | state | Karnataka
Acharya_Institute_of_Technology | campus | "In Soldevanahalli, Acharya Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan Road, Hessarghatta Main Road, Bangalore – 560090."
Acharya_Institute_of_Technology | affiliation | Visvesvaraya_Technological_University
Ex Output:
The Acharya Institute of Technology's campus is located in Soldevanahalli, Acharya Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan Road, Hessarghatta Main Road, Bangalore, Karnatka, 560090, India. Its president is B.M. Reddy and it is affiliated to the Visvesvaraya Technological University.
Ex Input:
United_States | leaderTitle | President_of_the_United_States
1634:_The_Ram_Rebellion | country | United_States
Ex Output:
| 1634 The Ram Rebellion was written in the United States where the leader is known as the President.
| NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
The seasonal outing of ITV's popular period drama will be screened at 20:30 GMT - the same time as BBC One's flagship soap. Doctor Who will be screened at 19:30 GMT, going head to head with an hour-long Coronation Street on ITV. Downton's third Christmas special sees the action shift to 1923 and has US actor Paul Giamatti joining the cast. The two-hour episode centres on the Crawleys' wayward family member Rose being presented at Buckingham Palace, a grand occasion that sees Cora's mother Martha - played by Shirley MacLaine - return to the drama. It will also see Giamatti makes his Downton debut as Martha's brother Harold, who was in trouble with the law at the end of the last series. The show's producers are keeping tight-lipped about the fate of Lady Edith and her pregnancy, saying only that she is "wrestling with a moral dilemma". Last year's Christmas Day special climaxed in the unexpected death of Downton heir Matthew Crawley, leaving behind his wife, Lady Mary, and their newborn son. Its first hour overlapped with EastEnders in 2012. Final audience figures gave EastEnders the edge, scoring 11.2 million viewers over Downton's 10.2 million. This year the second hour of Downton Abbey's seasonal special will be up against BBC One sitcom Mrs Brown's Boys. The Christmas Day episode of Doctor Who will see Matt Smith battle deadly enemies, including the Daleks and the Cybermen, before regenerating into Peter Capaldi. In BBC One's schedule, the sci-fi drama finds itself sandwiched between Call the Midwife and EastEnders. Albert Square will see the arrival of a new landlord for the Queen Vic pub, Mick Carter, played by Danny Dyer. The ongoing murder storyline involving Janine Butcher is also expected to figure highly in EastEnders' hour-long special. On the cobbles of Coronation Street, producers have revealed that Leanne and Nick Tilsley's relationship will take a turn for a worse. Yet the tragic storyline involving long-serving character Hayley Cropper is not expected to end until early next year.
| Christmas TV: Downton Abbey pitted against EastEnders | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
Teacher:"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Prompt: Seems like this is working out.
Response 1: Well, that is somewhat true. We used to bake pies for pie contest together, which I can see you're still doing without me.
Response 2: It's almost working out too well. This is suspicious.
Student: | Response 2 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Context Word: Watering Can.
Question: personx has a bigger Watering Can than persony has but _ has a smaller garden.
Answer: PersonX | personx has a bigger Watering Can than persony has but _ has a bigger garden. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Q: United_States | leaderTitle | President_of_the_United_States
A_Wizard_of_Mars | language | English_language
English_language | spokenIn | Great_Britain
United_States | ethnicGroup | Asian_Americans
A_Wizard_of_Mars | country | United_States
A: | English is spoken in Great Britain and is the language used in A Wizard of Mars. However, the book was published in the United States where the leader is the President and is home to many Asian Americans. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Example: Context: Our prayers are with the students, educators & families at Independence High School & all the first responders on the scene. #PatriotPride— Doug Ducey (@dougducey) February 12, 2016 Question: at which school were first responders on the scene for? Answer: independence high school
Output: yes
Here, the generated label is 'yes' because the given context is useful in answering the question.
New input case for you: Context: Robert Kraft says he expects an apology from the NFL if investigation does not "definitively determine" the Patriots tampered w/footballs— Rachel Nichols (@Rachel__Nichols) January 27, 2015 Question: who posted this tweet? Answer: rachel nichols
Output: | yes | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Ginger: You swore we 'd go together , one way or another .
Brigitte: When we were _ eight _ .
| AGE | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | zs_opt |
Q: In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Statement: Under the circumstances, I am afraid an inquest can hardly be avoided, these formalities are necessary, but I beg that you won't distress yourselves. Choices: 1. An inquiry can't be avoided. 2. It wax very suspicious and needed investigation. 3. Inquiry could be avoided.
A: | 3 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Example: Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol | runwayName | "09/27 'Buitenveldertbaan'"
Output: Amsterdam Airport Schipol runway name is 09/27 Buitenvelderbaan.
The simplest form of input is a single triple. Here the text describes the relationship in natural language.
New input case for you: United_States | leaderTitle | President_of_the_United_States
1634:_The_Ram_Rebellion | country | United_States
Output: | 1634 The Ram Rebellion was written in the United States where the leader is known as the President. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Problem:Al: Hello , Jim 's Fish , Chips & Insurance ? How much would it cost to add my son to the plan ? How old ? Let me see ... Bud , how old are you ?
Bud: Sixteen , Dad .
Al: He is _ sixteen _ ... What ? If you think I 'm gon na pay that much , you 're as stupid as those cats you trap and call tuna ... You know , when you insult my wife , Jim , you do n't hurt me .
Peggy: Well , what 'd he say , Al ?
Al: Nothing I haven't said myself ... Seriously Jim , I need to ask , is this the best you can do for a lifetime friend and someone who did not tell the police what your catch of the day really was ? Oh ho , well if you want to be that way you can take your insurance and stuff it , all of it !
Al: There ! Al Bundy takes guff from no one !
Bud, Peggy, Kelly: Cheap , cheap , cheap !
Peggy: Al , are n't you worried about being uninsured ?
Al: Peg , we do n't need insurance . Insurance is like marriage . You pay and pay , and never get anything back ! Besides , the car is n't worth more than 100 bucks with both kids in it .
Solution: | AGE | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | zs_opt |
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Q: 11_Diagonal_Street | location | South_Africa
South_Africa | leaderName | Jacob_Zuma
South_Africa | ethnicGroup | Asian_South_Africans
A: | The address, 11 Diagonal Street is located in South Africa and Jacob Zuma is a leader in Asian South Africans. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Q: Asam_pedas | region | Sumatra
Asam_pedas | country | "Indonesia and Malaysia"
A: The dish of asam pedas is from Sumatra in Indonesia and Malaysia.
****
Q: Austin,_Texas | areaOfLand | 686.0 (square kilometres)
A: Austin, Texas has a land area of 686 square kilometres.
****
Q: Abilene_Regional_Airport | cityServed | Abilene,_Texas
Abilene,_Texas | isPartOf | Texas
Abilene_Regional_Airport | runwayLength | 2194.0
Abilene,_Texas | isPartOf | Taylor_County,_Texas
Abilene,_Texas | country | United_States
A: | Abilene Regional Airport serves Abilene, Texas which is part of the U.S. in Taylor County. The airport has a runway length of 2,194.
****
| NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
Instructions: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Input: It comes after a ceasefire was declared on the Syria-Lebanon border, leading to negotiations including talks over nine kidnapped Lebanese soldiers. Lebanese security chief Maj Gen Abbas Ibrahim said that DNA tests would be conducted on the remains. Gen Ibrahim added that the search for a ninth body was continuing. Syrian state media, citing a military source, said on Sunday that a deal had been reached to move IS militants, who have been fighting the Lebanese army on one front, and Hezbollah with the Syrian army on the other, to eastern Syria. "We agreed to a deal between Hezbollah and [IS] which will see the rest of its militants evacuated to the eastern region of the Syrian Arab Republic," Syrian state news agency Sana cited the source as saying. The pause in operations enabled negotiations to take place over nine missing soldiers taken hostage when IS jihadists overran the border town of Arsal in 2014, Lebanon's army said. Gen Ibrahim said that the body parts, which were discovered along its border, were likely to belong to the missing soldiers, adding that tests would confirm their identities. The Lebanese Red Cross later drove the body parts through the town of Ras Baalbek in eastern Lebanon on their way to the capital, Beirut. Some 30 soldiers and police had been captured in Arsal, of whom four were killed and a fifth died of his wounds. Sixteen were released in a prisoner swap in December 2015 with Islamist group Nusra Front. The twin offensives by the Lebanese army, and the Syrian army and its Lebanese militia ally Hezbollah, have advanced towards the border from opposite sides. Lebanon's army has been fighting IS near Ras Baalbek, while the Syrian army and Hezbollah have attacked from Syria's west Qalamoun region. Both ceasefires came into effect on Sunday at 07:00 (04:00 GMT). The Lebanese army insists it is not co-ordinating with Hezbollah, which the US classes as a terrorist group. Any such liaison would be politically sensitive in Lebanon, and could jeopardise the US military aid it receives. Last week, Lebanon and Hezbollah each announced they had made significant gains against IS militants, driving them back into a smaller part of the mountainous border enclave. A question of appearances Rami Ruhayem, BBC News in Beirut The Lebanese army's insistence that it is not co-ordinating with Hezbollah or the Syrian army flies in the face of recent developments. On the same day as the start of its operations in July, Hezbollah and the Syrian army announced their own offensive from the other side of the border. Between them, the two armies and Hezbollah have had the militants surrounded, and were able to quickly retake most of the territory they held. The ceasefire came into effect today at the same time on both sides of the border. And a few weeks before the battle, Hezbollah fought to clear an adjacent area from another group of militants, and handed over its positions to the Lebanese army. The official position appears designed to manage differences over Lebanon's relationship with the Syrian government, as well as the growing role of Hezbollah in the country.
Output: | Syria-Lebanon border battle against IS paused as body parts found | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Ms Baloch, a controversial figure known for her outspoken posts and suggestive photos and videos, posted selfies with Mufti Abdul Qavi last month. He was suspended from two important councils as a result. Ms Baloch, 26, was strangled by her brother Waseem early on Saturday in their hometown of Multan. He admitted the apparent "honour killing", saying it was justified. The cleric has denied any role in the murder but says he will appear for questioning if summoned by police. Following the murder he said Ms Baloch's fate should serve as a lesson for others who want to mock religious figures. He also said that he had "forgiven" her. Police in Multan say they are also investigating Ms Baloch's other brother, Aslam, a junior army officer whom her father accused of encouraging Waseem to murder her. 'We are becoming more intolerant': Pakistani comedian Junaid Akram interviewed by Kevin Ponniah, BBC News A video posted on Facebook by this Pakistani comedian titled 'This one's for Qandeel Baloch' has been shared more than 11,000 times. He questions why Pakistani society has "placed its honour between the legs of a woman" and become so willing to resort to violence when confronted with something deemed objectionable. Junaid told the BBC that while he personally did not support Ms Baloch's actions, he believes Pakistani society is too easily offended and needs to change. "Why don't we get offended by things that actually affect our lives? Why should we get offended by a girl in Lahore who decided to show a little cleavage?" he asks. Sadly, Ms Baloch's death didn't come as a surprise given her actions, he adds - an indictment on a society where people are too willing to "play God" themselves. The response to Junaid's video has been overwhelmingly positive, he says, but that does not erase the fact that some on social media feel her murder was justified and having been making that known. Her father, Mohammad Azeem, said she had supported the entire family financially. Ms Baloch, whose real name was Fouzia Azeem, divided views in conservative Pakistan, with many disapproving of her actions. The model and self-declared "modern day feminist" faced online abuse and death threats. Her death has sparked a debate over "honour killings" and what is acceptable behaviour online for women in Pakistan. Qandeel Baloch in her own words "I believe I am a modern day feminist. I believe in equality. I need not to choose what type of women should be. I don't think there is any need to label ourselves just for sake of society. I am just a women with free thoughts free mindset and I LOVE THE WAY I AM." (Facebook, 14 July) Love me or hate me both are in my favour. If you love me I Will always be in your heart, if you hate me I'll always be in ur mind (Facebook, 3 July)
| Qandeel Baloch: Cleric who appeared in selfies investigated | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Example Input: Statement: uh a lot at at the store at at at or in record stores you'd Choices: 1. There are a lot at the record store. 2. There are a lot of those albums at the record store. 3. There aren't any at the record store.
Example Output: 3
Example Input: Statement: I've gentled, yes but eastern style." Choices: 1. He has become more gentle because of his life experiences. 2. He has become more gentle. 3. He has become more aggressive.
Example Output: 3
Example Input: Statement: LOAN GUARANTEE COMMITMENT - A binding agreement by a federal agency to make a loan guarantee when specified conditions are fulfilled by the borrower, the lender, or any other party to the guarantee agreement. Choices: 1. There is no chance the Feds will guarantee any type of loan. 2. A loan can be ensured by the Federal government. 3. If the lendee is a veteran, the Federal government may guarantee their loan.
Example Output: | 1
| NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
See one example below:
Problem: Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol | runwayName | "09/27 'Buitenveldertbaan'"
Solution: Amsterdam Airport Schipol runway name is 09/27 Buitenvelderbaan.
Explanation: The simplest form of input is a single triple. Here the text describes the relationship in natural language.
Problem: Abilene_Regional_Airport | cityServed | Abilene,_Texas
Abilene,_Texas | isPartOf | Texas
Abilene_Regional_Airport | runwayLength | 2194.0
Abilene,_Texas | isPartOf | Taylor_County,_Texas
Abilene,_Texas | country | United_States
Solution: | Abilene Regional Airport serves Abilene, Texas which is part of the U.S. in Taylor County. The airport has a runway length of 2,194. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
--------
Question: There are about 350,000 people who succeed in crossing our borders illegally each year.
Answer: immigration
Question: The nearly six-year delay in approving Keystone is costing Americans more than 100,000 jobs.
Answer: climate-change
Question: Commerce Secretary nominee John Bryson appears to endorse world government.
Answer: | cap-and-trade
| NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
story: Kelley wanted a cat. But she didn't think her parents would let her. Finally they said no. They got her two cats. Kelley named them Fred and George.
selected sentence: Finally they said no.
Output: | Kelley asks her parents for a cat >Causes/Enables> Kelley's parents say they'll get two cats | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Q: Context: it doesn't get more flyera than thatpeak flyera — RMNB (@russianmachine) April 17, 2016 Question: i don't know what else to ask about this Answer: i'm not sure
A: | yes | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Example input: Statement: Next to the MGM Grand you will find M and M World, four stories of merchandise and memorabilia dedicated to the candy that doesn't melt in your hand. Choices: 1. The candy has many fans who love its attractions. 2. There's four stories of memorabilia dedicated to a candy. 3. That particular candy melts and becomes difficult to eat.
Example output: 3
Example explanation: It is said in the statement that the candy doesn't melt in your hand, but the sentence in choice 3 disagrees with it.
Q: Statement: LOAN GUARANTEE COMMITMENT - A binding agreement by a federal agency to make a loan guarantee when specified conditions are fulfilled by the borrower, the lender, or any other party to the guarantee agreement. Choices: 1. There is no chance the Feds will guarantee any type of loan. 2. A loan can be ensured by the Federal government. 3. If the lendee is a veteran, the Federal government may guarantee their loan.
A: | 1 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | fs_opt |
Instructions: Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Input: Sentence1: a radio is used for communication.
Sentence2: All radios are frequency tuned .
Output: | radio | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | zs_opt |
Teacher:Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: By Kevin CoreYou and Yours, Radio 4 So five years ago, after being told by a career consultant to "do what he loves", the former financier quit banking to set up a website selling board games. It has worked well. In the last year alone, Boardgameguru's sales have risen about 50%, in line with similar growth reported by other specialists selling so-called "second generation" games. The popularity of board games has risen thanks to the growing popularity of tablet computers, as playable taster apps on touch screens are increasingly taking board games "from tablet to table". 'Socially acceptable' Outside his business, Mr Lister is also an organiser of London On Board, a series of games nights for devotees who like a dice roll with a drink. Four nights a week and all weekend, some 50 players pack out the restaurant areas of pubs in Bank and St James's to play their favourite games, meet like-minded players and help out the newcomers. The nights are free, but newcomers are warned not to expect a four-hour session of Monopoly or a tussle with a Scrabble expert who has memorised all the two-letter words in the dictionary. Many turn up to the games nights to play so-called second generation games or Eurogames; collaborative, theme-based titles that are immensely popular in Germany and are being played increasingly in the UK. "The reputation of people who did this kind of thing was that we were a bit sad, but it's socially acceptable now," says Mr Lister. "Scrabble and Monopoly are examples of old designs, but Germany leads the way in what I call democratic games. "Families there play them constantly rather than disappear off to bedrooms to play the computer alone. "There's no player elimination, everyone gets to play right to the end, and a lot of German-style games minimise the amount of luck you need." Dice and digital In an attempt to reflect post-war German society, games have culturally moved away from the militarism and conquest that are the hallmarks of games such as Risk. Many of the German-style games can be played in less than 90 minutes, bypassing the age-old problem of exhausted younger players staying up past their bedtimes. Examples include Settlers of Catan, in which players colonise a new land, and Pandemic, which sees the group battle a virulent disease. A particular favourite of Mr Lister's is the 17th Century farming game Agricola, and there's also Carcassonne, which recreates the French medieval city. New games are constantly emerging with the best receiving recognition in the German Spiel des Jahres, or game of the year, award. Winning titles are almost guaranteed to see sales rise by 200,000 or 250,000 that year. At first glance, the traditional world of board games would seem to be incompatible with the computer games industry, which clocks up sales of some £2bn each year in the UK. But Mr Lister believes modern board game fans are mixing dice and digital nicely. "There are all kinds of apps which allow people to play a quick version of the board game," he says. "Then you get the physical copy and play with friends." Steve Buckmaster, sales director with the UK's biggest board games distributor Esdevium Games, agrees that smartphones and tablets have signposted gamers to the traditional end of the market. "Sales seem to be growing because we're in a world of ratings and referrals," he says. "It's extremely easy to look a game up on Amazon or a review site and it takes the risk away of trying something." Niche to mainstream Esdevium, which was named after the initials of its founders Samuel Duncan and Valerie May, has been around since the 1970s and has seen the market develop. Sales of the games at the company have doubled in two years, with Settlers of Catan, and Carcassonne rising from 8,000 in 2010 to 18,000 last year. The railroad building game Ticket to Ride is another hit, its popularity mirrored on Google where it is in the top four hits - ahead of the Beatles song. In two years, its sales at Esdevium have risen from 3,500 to 9,000 and worldwide they have doubled since a playable app was launched. As a former employee of Hasbro, Mr Buckmaster says the distribution model has changed too. "It used to be that you had to get a game into Woolworths, get the adverts on for Christmas and the public would decide based on what it had put in front of them," he says. "That world has gone. [These days], great products can generate good reviews and the sales accumulate." Luxury games The market for board games is now so advanced that there is even an upmarket segment. "We are a luxury games maker," says Joe Jaques from Jaques of London, which was founded in 1795 and went on to bring Ludo, snakes and ladders, ping pong and tiddly winks to the masses. "There's a cheaper version of everything we do," says Mr Jaques, an eight generation games maker. "Despite this we're doing very well." Success for Jaques came with the explosion in the popularity of parlour games in the UK in the 1860s. Now, a century and a half later, the company is seeing yet another boom in sales. "Parents up to the age of 45 grew up around computer games," says Mr Jaques. "This is our key demographic. They are the people doing the purchasing and you'd think they would tend towards computer games, but in our experience they're not." Mr Buckmaster from Esdevium says the industry has benefited from a change in attitudes to a previously dirty word: Geek. From men's clothing on the catwalk to secret agent James Bond's new gadget master Q, modern culture has embraced the nerd. He says: "There's a hugely popular sitcom, The Big Bang Theory, and they play Settlers of Catan in that," says Mr Buckmaster. "And if you watch Channel 4's The IT Crowd, you can see a set of Ticket to Ride in Moz's office. "New games are passing into popular culture. They're brilliantly designed, they don't take forever to play and they're intelligent. "You finish them and say, 'Wow, that was cool'."
Student: | Dice and digital - rehabilitating the board game geek | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Part 2. Example
Says the Annies List political group supports third-trimester abortions on demand.
Answer: abortion
Explanation: It's a correct subject of the statement because it talks about a political group supporting demans of abortions.
Part 3. Exercise
Commerce Secretary nominee John Bryson appears to endorse world government.
Answer: | cap-and-trade | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
instruction:
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
question:
Context: So @piersmorgan describes #RachelJeanel as "one smart cookie". Sure, it certainly explains why the 19yr. old is still in high school. — Larry Elder (@larryelder) July 16, 2013 Question: where is this mcdonald's secret menu at? Answer: uk
answer:
no
question:
Context: This is key: @DrFriedenCDC says viral hemorrhagic fever has never been transmitted in the USA. Our health system can isolate. — Mark Leon Goldberg (@MarkLGoldberg) September 30, 2014 Question: did these people love this person? Answer: our hearts literally hurting
answer:
no
question:
Context: As surfers, we are lucky to spend so much of our time immersed in the ocean. This being so, we are... Kelly Slater (@kellyslater) September 2, 2014 Question: who throws an inbound pass? Answer: aaron gordon
answer:
| no
| NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
[EX Q]: There have been 53 cases confirmed at HMP Lowdham Grange in Nottinghamshire's Newark and Sherwood district. The number of Covid-19 cases in the area is higher than the current national average and the county's public health director said the jail's cases accounted for the "surge". The prison director said the "priority was to keep everyone safe". Jonathan Gribbin, director of public health for Nottinghamshire, said: "We've been tracking quite carefully what is going on and we've seen quite a rise in cases across the district. "There's a total of 53 confirmed cases at Lowdham Grange - 40 prisoners and 13 members of staff - which accounts for quite a lot of that surge. "A number of measures are in place. At the moment the prison is closed to outside visitors. "Prisoners are pretty much restricted to their cells. When they are able to leave, they are quarantined in small groups - like households or bubbles." Mr Gribbin added an "enhanced regime of cleaning" was in place and staff have been issued with face coverings. The rate of coronavirus infections in the Newark and Sherwood district is 67.8 per 100,000 population. This compares with the England average of 55 per 100,000. Mr Gribbin said cases had previously been mostly distributed across Newark but now people were testing positive in nearby villages, including Ollerton and Edwinstowe. Prison director Mark Hanson said staff were working with the NHS and Public Health England to "implement the best possible strategy to manage the virus". Follow BBC East Midlands on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. Send your story ideas to eastmidsnews@bbc.co.uk.
[EX A]: Covid: HMP Lowdham Grange visits stopped as cases 'surge'
[EX Q]: There is limited evidence the clothing helps people with eczema and dermatitis enough to justify prescribing it, a consultation document says. Officials are proposing ending the routine prescription of eight items under plans aimed at saving £68m a year. Others include an acne medication and diabetes products. The items, which are deemed to be of relatively low clinical effectiveness or to have cheaper options available for funding, are: Many prescribers will not be surprised by the recommendations and have already started phasing out some of the items. The health service in England spends more than £1.2m a year on prescriptions for silk garments, examples of which include silk baby bodysuits, infant leggings, children's pyjamas, gloves or tubular sleeves. In the case of the testing strips and needles, officials are proposing that GPs prescribe the cheaper versions of these products. It said there was a big variation in price, with strips ranging from £5 to £16 and needles costing between £4 and £30. NHS England has already ordered an end to the routine prescribing of 18 low-value items, including homeopathy treatments and over-the-counter products such as paracetamol and cough medicines. NHS England chief executive Simon Stevens said: "The NHS is one of the most efficient health services in the world but, as part of the long-term plan for the NHS, we're determined to make taxpayers' money go further and drive savings back into front-line care. "It is essential the NHS should not be paying for anything which has been proven to be ineffective or where there are safer or cheaper alternatives." The consultation comes ahead of GPs being issued with new guidance next week on gluten-free prescriptions. While patients can still receive bread and gluten-free baking mixes under NHS prescriptions, they are no longer eligible for other foodstuffs such as pizzas, cakes and biscuits, NHS England said. Officials added that the NHS began funding gluten-free food products in the late 1960s, when availability was limited, but now a wide variety of foods is available in supermarkets. The consultation will run for three months from 28 November 2018 until 28 February 2019, after which joint commissioning guidance is expected to be published by NHS England and NHS Clinical Commissioners. The National Eczema Society said it was "vital for people with eczema to have access to the right emollient products on prescription". A spokesman added: "We look forward to participating in the consultation."
[EX A]: NHS crackdown on silk garment prescriptions
[EX Q]: By Dan CairnsNewsbeat reporter The Active Denial System (ADS) is a non-lethal weapon designed to disperse violent crowds and repel enemies. It uses a focused invisible beam that causes an "intolerable heating sensation", but only penetrates the skin to the equivalent of three sheets of paper. The discomfort causes whoever it's pointed at to immediately start moving away. They often scream but the US military says the chance of injury from the system is 0.1%. It's already been tested more than 11,000 times on around 700 volunteers. Even reporters have faced the heat-ray. Limit deaths Lt. Col. John Dorrian, a US military spokesperson, says the kit is now in Afghanistan but no decision has yet been made on its use. There's been much talk about the need to keep civilian casualties in Afghanistan to a minimum. The heat ray gun could help. The beam produced by the ADS can travel more than 500m (1,640ft) and is seen as an important new way to limit unnecessary deaths and minimise war zone casualties. Developers also say it could also be adapted to other operations, like fighting drug smuggling at sea and general peacekeeping operations. Research is continuing to make the system smaller, lighter and less expensive, says the Pentagon's Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Program.
[EX A]: | US army heat ray gun in Afghanistan
| NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
One example is below.
Q: Context: Our prayers are with the students, educators & families at Independence High School & all the first responders on the scene. #PatriotPride— Doug Ducey (@dougducey) February 12, 2016 Question: at which school were first responders on the scene for? Answer: independence high school
A: yes
Rationale: Here, the generated label is 'yes' because the given context is useful in answering the question.
Q: Context: As surfers, we are lucky to spend so much of our time immersed in the ocean. This being so, we are... Kelly Slater (@kellyslater) September 2, 2014 Question: who throws an inbound pass? Answer: aaron gordon
A: | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
One example: But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built."
Solution is here: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service?
Explanation: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage.
Now, solve this: By Dan CairnsNewsbeat reporter The Active Denial System (ADS) is a non-lethal weapon designed to disperse violent crowds and repel enemies. It uses a focused invisible beam that causes an "intolerable heating sensation", but only penetrates the skin to the equivalent of three sheets of paper. The discomfort causes whoever it's pointed at to immediately start moving away. They often scream but the US military says the chance of injury from the system is 0.1%. It's already been tested more than 11,000 times on around 700 volunteers. Even reporters have faced the heat-ray. Limit deaths Lt. Col. John Dorrian, a US military spokesperson, says the kit is now in Afghanistan but no decision has yet been made on its use. There's been much talk about the need to keep civilian casualties in Afghanistan to a minimum. The heat ray gun could help. The beam produced by the ADS can travel more than 500m (1,640ft) and is seen as an important new way to limit unnecessary deaths and minimise war zone casualties. Developers also say it could also be adapted to other operations, like fighting drug smuggling at sea and general peacekeeping operations. Research is continuing to make the system smaller, lighter and less expensive, says the Pentagon's Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Program.
Solution: | US army heat ray gun in Afghanistan | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
story: I was headed to visit my boyfriend. When I got there, I noticed an unfamiliar car parked in front. I walked in and found him in bed with his ex-girlfriend! I screamed at him, cried and ran out the door. I never talked to him again.
selected sentence: When I got there, I noticed an unfamiliar car parked in front. | I head to visit my boyfriend >Causes/Enables> I get there | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Input: Consider Input: Klaus Baudelaire: You wo n't get a cent until Violet turns _ 18 _ .
Count Olaf: Oh really ... says who ?
Klaus Baudelaire: The law . Look it up .
Output: AGE
Input: Consider Input: Juanita: Now , how many times have you heard your man say it do n't feel the same ? My love is too beautiful to have it thrown back on my face .
Yasmine: I like that .
Juanita: Try _ one _ .
Yasmine: What ?
Juanita: Well , I do it all the time in my class . You just say , " My love is too _ _ _ _ , " and you just fill in the blank .
Gilda: My love is too sanctified to have it thrown back on my face .
Kelly: My love is too magic to have it thrown back on my face .
Tangie: My love is too " Saturday Night " to have it thrown back on my face .
Jo: My love is too complicated to have it thrown back on my face .
Yasmine: My love is too music to have it thrown back on my face .
Juanita: Yes , and you remember that when a man tries to walk off with all your stuff !
Output: OTHER
Input: Consider Input: Dilbert: You said you 'd wake me up at _ eight _ .
Dogbert: I also said women are attracted to men shaped like potatoes .
| Output: TIME
| NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Q: Sentence1: Cell death occurs by activation of cell death genes.
Sentence2: Aging is associated with the activation of certain genes.
A: activation
****
Q: Sentence1: Capillaries are microscopic vessels.
Sentence2: Lymph is a fluid that leaks out of microscopic vessels into spaces between cells.
A: microscopic
****
Q: Sentence1: uneven heating of the Earth 's surface cause wind.
Sentence2: Chinook winds are warm, dry winds.
A: | wind
****
| NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
Teacher: In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Jess Mastriani: No, I don't want another crooler, thank you very much.
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: But it's good for you. It's got... honeyglaze. Please die for this crooler, Jess.
Jess Mastriani: I've had _ two _ already. Who eats three croolers in a night?
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: Take a look. [Nicole takes a huge bite] Mmmmm, Mmmmm, Mmmmm!
Solution: REFERENCE crooler
Reason: In this example, the number two refers to something that appears in this text. In this example, it refers to the word: crooler.
Now, solve this instance: Dilbert: You said you 'd wake me up at _ eight _ .
Dogbert: I also said women are attracted to men shaped like potatoes .
Student: | TIME | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
See one example below:
Problem: Sentence1: pesticides cause pollution.
Sentence2: pollution can harm animals.
Solution: pollution.
Explanation: The word "pollution" is common to Sentence1 and Sentence2. So, it's a good answer.
Problem: Sentence1: uneven heating of the Earth 's surface cause wind.
Sentence2: Chinook winds are warm, dry winds.
Solution: | wind | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
[EX Q]: Context Word: catnip.
Question: PersonX bought some catnip for PersonY's brand new kitten which made _ feel very giving.
Answer: PersonX
[EX A]: PersonX bought some catnip for PersonY's brand new kitten which made _ feel very grateful.
[EX Q]: Context Word: groups.
Question: PersonX had small groups of close friends unlike PersonY, because _ always kept to himself.
Answer: PersonX
[EX A]: PersonX had big groups of close friends unlike PersonY, because _ always kept to himself.
[EX Q]: Context Word: abusive.
Question: Growing up PersonX was treated different then PersonY and scared of getting close to others, _ had a abusive childhood.
Answer: PersonX
[EX A]: | Growing up PersonX was treated different then PersonY and scared of getting close to others, _ had a not so abusive childhood.
| NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Q: Sentence1: Many plants respond to the days growing shorter in the fall by going dormant.
Sentence2: Many plants respond to the autumnal equinox by going dormant.
A: Many
****
Q: Sentence1: creating wood-free paper does not require cutting down trees.
Sentence2: creating printed media requires cutting down trees.
A: creating
****
Q: Sentence1: Water is made up of H2O molecules.
Sentence2: h2o is essential for all life on Earth.
A: | H2O
****
| NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
One example: Context word: upset.
Question: PersonX yelled at PersonY because _ was so upset about the news.
Answer: PersonX.
Solution is here: PersonX comforted at PersonY because _ was so upset about the news.
Explanation: On replacing the trigger word "yelled" with its antonym "comforted", the answer flips to PersonY which is as per the given instruction. So, this is a valid question.
Now, solve this: Context Word: abusive.
Question: Growing up PersonX was treated different then PersonY and scared of getting close to others, _ had a abusive childhood.
Answer: PersonX
Solution: | Growing up PersonX was treated different then PersonY and scared of getting close to others, _ had a not so abusive childhood. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
See one example below:
Problem: Sentence1: pesticides cause pollution.
Sentence2: pollution can harm animals.
Solution: pollution.
Explanation: The word "pollution" is common to Sentence1 and Sentence2. So, it's a good answer.
Problem: Sentence1: Water is made up of H2O molecules.
Sentence2: h2o is essential for all life on Earth.
Solution: | H2O | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Q: story: Alexis had a gymnastics meet. A lot of people were coming to watch and she wanted to be the best. Her first event was the floor and she got a perfect ten. Next she performed on the bars and got a 9 point 9. She won two gold medals.
selected sentence: A lot of people were coming to watch and she wanted to be the best.
A: | People decide to come >Causes/Enables> People come | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
Q: In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Context: Many many thanks to all of the people who have called for my reinstatement. I'm very touched. We shall all learn next week what will happen.— Jeremy Clarkson (@JeremyClarkson) March 20, 2015 Question: how does jeremy clarkson feel about his support? Answer: touched
A: | yes | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Adolfo_Suárez_Madrid–Barajas_Airport | location | San_Sebastián_de_los_Reyes
San_Sebastián_de_los_Reyes | country | Spain | Adolfo Suarez Madrid- Barajas airport is located at San Sebastian de los Reyes, in Spain. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
Definition: In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Input: Context: Share your Liberty inspired costumes like our friend Zoey did and we'll RT our favorites on Halloween! Statue of Liberty (@StatueLibrtyNPS) October 27, 2014 Question: who will take a taco to the face? Answer: someone
Output: | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Q: Kali: Piper wo n't stop you , and Phoebe 's already an ally . Only Prue stands in our way . You must use your powers . You must take Prue 's place in the power of _ three _ . Do n't disappoint me Aviva . You said you wanted a family . And now you 'll have one .
A: | PEOPLE | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | zs_opt |
Teacher:In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Statement: Robert Wexler, D-Fla., the photogenic and aggressive Clinton defender, does not succumb to this languor. Choices: 1. Robert Wexler buckles under his languor. 2. Robert Wexler is a staunch Clinton defender. 3. Robert Wexler has been a friend of Clinton's for years.
Student: | 1 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
Q: You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Context Word: bank.
Question: Running a business better suited PersonX and not PersonY although _ always got confused at the bank.
Answer: PersonX
A: | Running a business better suited PersonX and not PersonY although _ always got what they wanted at the bank. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | zs_opt |
Definition: In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Input: Statement: The average annual cost per rural route is shown in table 2. Choices: 1. In Table 2 you can see the average annual cost per rural route. 2. Table 2 shoes urban routes and the average monthly cost. 3. Rural routes refer to things like country roads or roads that are out of the way or away from urban areas.
Output: | 2 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
Teacher:Two analogies that signify affordances are given in the form "A : B. C : ?". Affordance is the possibility of an action being done on an object, for example book is an affordance of writing. The phrase "A : B" implies that B is an affordance of A. Your task is to replace the question mark (?) with the appropriate affordance of the given action C, following the "A : B" relation. Your answer should be a single object without further explanation.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: write : book. operate : ?
Student: | machine | NIv2 | task1153_bard_analogical_reasoning_affordance | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Problem:Says Mexico doesnt have birthright citizenship, and Americans are the only ones to have it.
Solution: | immigration | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | zs_opt |
Definition: You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Input: Bakso | region | Indonesia
Bakso | ingredient | Tapioca
Bakso | country | Indonesia
Bakso | mainIngredients | "Ground beef, tapioca, noodle, rice vermicelli, beef broth, kailan, celery, salted vegetables, fried shallots"
Output: | Bakso is a food found in Indonesia. It includes ground beef, tapioca, noodle, rice vermicelli, beef broth, kailan, celery, salted vegetables and fried shallots. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
PROBLEM: Context: Very excited to welcome our next host: @Trevornoah! That's right - another guy in late night from Soweto. The Daily Show (@TheDailyShow) March 30, 2015 Question: where is trevor noah from? Answer: soweto.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Context: And while we applaud all of the black nominees for Academy Awards this yr we know there is a long way to go for all underrepresented groups.— Matthew A. Cherry (@MatthewACherry) January 24, 2017 Question: where is this taking place? Answer: near the shaw tower at st. louis university.
SOLUTION: no
PROBLEM: Context: Just tried watching Saturday Night Live - unwatchable! Totally biased, not funny and the Baldwin impersonation just can't get any worse. Sad— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) December 4, 2016 Question: who needs to be protected from bullying and mockery? Answer: all children, including barron trump.
SOLUTION: | no
| NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
Definition: "Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Input: Prompt: I have so many experiences on any given day. I ride the bus a lot.
Response 1: Wow, you really are perfect for this job. Just make sure not to tell anybody because then you'll die in like ten minutes like I am right now.
Response 2: I'm not suggesting that you do, ma'am. I'm just saying that even though there is not a person named Kay who works here, we're happy to assist you.
Output: | Response 1 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
[Q]: Statement: yeah i he definitely i had an unusual situation with in my home my father was was alcoholic but uh and very withdrawn at that and so my husband is ten times more involved and we have more of a Choices: 1. Nothing weird ever happened between my dad and me. 2. I experienced something strange in my house when my dad was a drunkard. 3. He used to put pigtails on my head and call me his little girl.
[A]: 1
[Q]: Statement: Let's drink to success." She poured some cold dregs of tea into the two cups. Choices: 1. She poured green tea grounds into two cups. 2. She poured coffee grounds into three cups. 3. She poured tea grounds into two cups.
[A]: 2
[Q]: Statement: yeah that was that was bad news we're still try i set out a whole bunch of crepe myrtles and stuff and of course it killed th em Choices: 1. The crepe myrtles I had put outside were killed. 2. The crepe myrtles I had outside survived. 3. All the plants in my garden died from it.
[A]: | 2
| NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Let me give you an example: Context: Our prayers are with the students, educators & families at Independence High School & all the first responders on the scene. #PatriotPride— Doug Ducey (@dougducey) February 12, 2016 Question: at which school were first responders on the scene for? Answer: independence high school
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: Here, the generated label is 'yes' because the given context is useful in answering the question.
OK. solve this:
Context: Just tried watching Saturday Night Live - unwatchable! Totally biased, not funny and the Baldwin impersonation just can't get any worse. Sad— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) December 4, 2016 Question: who needs to be protected from bullying and mockery? Answer: all children, including barron trump.
Answer: | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Context: Alaska had a 200% plus increase in premiums under ObamaCare, worst in the country. Deductibles high, people angry! Lisa M comes through.— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) September 23, 2017 Question: what did owen wilson model? Answer: valentino. | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Says Bernie Sanders wants higher standards for toy guns than real guns.
Output: | guns | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | zs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Statement: well we've had last weekend we had eighty seven which was extraordinarily hot for now but now we're back down to about fifty and it's raining here but um Choices: 1. It snowed last weekend. 2. We were almost 90 degrees last weekend. 3. We were almost 90 degrees last weekend which was a new record.
Output: | 1 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Example: Statement: Next to the MGM Grand you will find M and M World, four stories of merchandise and memorabilia dedicated to the candy that doesn't melt in your hand. Choices: 1. The candy has many fans who love its attractions. 2. There's four stories of memorabilia dedicated to a candy. 3. That particular candy melts and becomes difficult to eat.
Example solution: 3
Example explanation: It is said in the statement that the candy doesn't melt in your hand, but the sentence in choice 3 disagrees with it.
Problem: Statement: yeah that was that was bad news we're still try i set out a whole bunch of crepe myrtles and stuff and of course it killed th em Choices: 1. The crepe myrtles I had put outside were killed. 2. The crepe myrtles I had outside survived. 3. All the plants in my garden died from it.
| Solution: 2 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | fs_opt |
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Q: Rex Buckland: Prue , your , um , sister 's here to see you . She 's waiting in your office .
Prue Halliwell: Which sister ?
Rex Buckland: The _ one _ who upon seeing your office , said " Damn , I should go back to college . "
Prue Halliwell: Phoebe .
A: REFERENCE sister
****
Q: Sean King: So not the Lincoln Memorial ! So , the Washington Monument ?
Michelle Maxwell: Do I look like a walking cliché ?
Sean King: Well , you said _ six _ , but six ?
Michelle Maxwell: Remind me never to share anything with you
A: OTHER
****
Q: Ludwig Von Drake: For ten years I had followed them , and you know what happens to kids after ten years ? They become teenagers ! One day your kids are asking for hot cereal and the next they 're asking for hotrods . From quart of milk to gallons of gas in _ one _ . The only chance I had to rest and assemble my notes was when they had their car parked .
A: | REFERENCE day
****
| NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
Teacher:You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Bangalore | founder | Kempe_Gowda_I
Acharya_Institute_of_Technology | city | Bangalore
Acharya_Institute_of_Technology | sportsOffered | Tennis
Tennis | sportsGoverningBody | International_Tennis_Federation
Acharya_Institute_of_Technology | affiliation | Visvesvaraya_Technological_University
Student: | Bangalore was founded by Kempe Gowda I. Located in the city is the Acharya Institute of Technology, an affiliate of Visvesvaraya Technological University. The institute offers tennis, as governed by the International Tennis Federation, as a sport. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Context Word: write a book quickly.
Question: PersonX taught PersonY how to write a book quickly because _ was a successful author.
Answer: PersonX
Output: | PersonX taught PersonY how to write a book quickly because _ was an inspiring author. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
See one example below:
Problem: Jess Mastriani: No, I don't want another crooler, thank you very much.
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: But it's good for you. It's got... honeyglaze. Please die for this crooler, Jess.
Jess Mastriani: I've had _ two _ already. Who eats three croolers in a night?
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: Take a look. [Nicole takes a huge bite] Mmmmm, Mmmmm, Mmmmm!
Solution: REFERENCE crooler
Explanation: In this example, the number two refers to something that appears in this text. In this example, it refers to the word: crooler.
Problem: Ludwig Von Drake: For ten years I had followed them , and you know what happens to kids after ten years ? They become teenagers ! One day your kids are asking for hot cereal and the next they 're asking for hotrods . From quart of milk to gallons of gas in _ one _ . The only chance I had to rest and assemble my notes was when they had their car parked .
Solution: | REFERENCE day | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Problem:Dr. Eric Foreman: He paged us at five in the morning for that ? I 'm going back to bed , distonia 's not life threatening , who needs a panel to take care of it ...
Dr. Cameron: Takes conilizopan for seizures he has from a bus accident when he was _ ten _ .
Dr. Eric Foreman: Then we treat with Benstrupine .
Dr. Robert Chase: What 's up ?
Dr. Cameron: 35 year old savant , distonia .
Dr. Robert Chase: Pfft . I 'm going back to bed .
Dr. Gregory House: Where 're you going ?
Dr. Robert Chase: Uh ... bathroom . It can wait .
Dr. Eric Foreman: There is no case , House . Even if distonia was a big medical mystery , it 's not this time .
Dr. Gregory House: And you 're not intruiged as to how a perfectly healthy ten year old boy with no prior musical training gets into an accident on his way to school and can suddenly play the piano ?
Dr. Robert Chase: We
Dr. Robert Chase: have to solve a 25 year old case before breakfast ?
Dr. Gregory House: You two shower together ?
Dr. Cameron, Dr. Robert Chase: NO !
Dr. Gregory House: Double negative . It 's a yes .
Solution: | AGE | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | zs_opt |
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
--------
Question: Context Word: catnip.
Question: PersonX bought some catnip for PersonY's brand new kitten which made _ feel very giving.
Answer: PersonX
Answer: PersonX bought some catnip for PersonY's brand new kitten which made _ feel very grateful.
Question: Context Word: hair.
Question: PersonX was cutting PersonY's nappy hair because _ knew how to cut black woman hair.
Answer: PersonX
Answer: PersonX was cutting PersonY's nappy hair because _ forgot how to cut black woman hair.
Question: Context Word: water.
Question: PersonX swam faster than PersonY so _ outpaced them in their swimming match at the water front.
Answer: PersonX
Answer: | PersonX swam faster than PersonY so _ fell behind them in their swimming match at the water front.
| NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Problem:Gay couples were already allowed to form civil partnerships, but Thursday's ruling extends them the same marriage rights as heterosexual couples. Earlier this month the constitutional court dismissed a judge's petition against equal marriage rights for heterosexual and homosexual couples. Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay have previously legalised same-sex marriage. Argentina was the first Latin American country to take the step in July 2010. In Mexico, gay marriage is legal in the capital and in certain states.
Solution: | Colombia legalises gay marriage | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Part 2. Example
Context word: upset.
Question: PersonX yelled at PersonY because _ was so upset about the news.
Answer: PersonX.
Answer: PersonX comforted at PersonY because _ was so upset about the news.
Explanation: On replacing the trigger word "yelled" with its antonym "comforted", the answer flips to PersonY which is as per the given instruction. So, this is a valid question.
Part 3. Exercise
Context Word: water.
Question: PersonX swam faster than PersonY so _ outpaced them in their swimming match at the water front.
Answer: PersonX
Answer: | PersonX swam faster than PersonY so _ fell behind them in their swimming match at the water front. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Hood: I was told to find out why you were doing so well at _ Ten _ and Eleven .
Capt. William "Buck" Rogers: I was cheating . I was using my brain , which is something the average run - of - the - mill customer stopped doing a long time ago .
| OTHER | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | zs_opt |
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Example Input: Context Word: battle.
Question: PersonX is being taught how to battle cancer with the help of PersonY, so _ is the cancer patient.
Answer: PersonX
Example Output: PersonX is being taught how to battle cancer with the help of PersonY, so _ is the cancer survivor.
Example Input: Context Word: vine.
Question: In the vineyard, PersonX was able to show PersonY the different kinds of vines because _ had deep knowledge of them.
Answer: PersonX
Example Output: In the vineyard, PersonX was able to show PersonY the different kinds of vines because _ had weak knowledge of them.
Example Input: Context Word: evict.
Question: PersonX wanted to evict PersonY from the property because _ is a concerned landlord.
Answer: PersonX
Example Output: | PersonX wanted to evict PersonY from the property because _ is a sloppy tenant.
| NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. "Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Prompt: The echo man warned us that the house is evil and that we should be careful. But, he didn't really outline what we should be on the look out for.
Response 1: Yeah, should we just be careful with what we say? Should we wear some heavy shoes to not stub a toe?
Response 2: Jermaine doesn't normally say that, he's always talking about his eyes.
| Response 1 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Q: Sentence1: when a hurricane moves over land , that hurricane will decrease in strength.
Sentence2: Hurricanes form over the warm tropical water in ocean and die down when they move over land.
A: | land | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | zs_opt |