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+ {"source_url": "https://www.opednews.com", "url": "https://www.opednews.com/articles/Turning-Space-Into-a-War-by-Karl-Grossman-Congress_Debris_Democrats_Military-191229-632.html", "title": "Article: Turning Space Into a War Zone -- U.S. Space Force Established", "top_image": "https://www.opednews.com/articles/images/fblogo.gif", "meta_img": "https://www.opednews.com/articles/images/fblogo.gif", "images": ["https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/greyed_linkedin.png", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/icons/well said.gif", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/greyed_facebook.png", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/tellafriend/tellafriend.gif", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/pthemes/opednews/images/popular.png", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/icons/socialsharing.jpg", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/addnewcomment.jpg", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/icons/must read.gif", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/icons/content_viewnew.png", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/becomeafan.gif", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/avatar.gif", "https://www.opednews.com/articles/images/fblogo.gif", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/icons/facebook.jpg", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/but_donate.png", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/icons/twitter.jpg", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/greyed_instagram.png", "https://www.opednews.com/images/robkallcover.png", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/icons/valuable.gif", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/replytothis.jpg", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/uploaded/karl-color-photo-02019_03_15_10_51_09-0.jpg", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/comments.gif", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/thumbsup.gif", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/jonas.gif", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/icons/print.jpg", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/platform_linkedin.png", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/bulletarchive.gif", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/bulletmail.gif", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/pthemes/opednews/images/avatar.gif", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/message.png", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/forward.jpg", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/startcomment.jpg", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/uploaded/goat-herd-c36-02016_03_18_01_44_27-0.jpg", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/huh.jpg", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/uploaded/0607130506a-02016_08_06_22_24_11-0.jpg", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/greyed_twitter.png", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/pthemes/opednews/images/sitelogo.png", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/pthemes/opednews/images/twitterbird.png", "https://www.opednews.com/populum/images/writersguidelines.jpg"], "movies": [], "text": "President Trump has signed the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for 2020 that establishes a U.S. Space Force as the sixth branch of the U.S. armed forces -- despite the Outer Space Treaty designating space as a global commons to be used for peaceful purposes.\n\nReported Space News: \"Trump signed the NDAA flanked by top defense and military officials at a ceremony at Joint Base Andrews, Maryland.\" https://spacenews.com/trump-signs-defense-bill-establishing-u-s-space-force-what-comes-next/ It quoted Trump saying: \"Today marks a landmark achievement as we officially inaugurate the newest branch or our military, the U.S. Space Force. This is very big and important moment.\"\n\nThe Space News article quoted U.S. Secretary of Defense Mark Esper saying at the signing December 20: \"Our reliance on space-based capabilities has grown dramatically and today outer space has evolved into a warfighting domain of its own. Maintaining American dominance in that domain is now the mission of the United States Space Force.\"\n\nBruce Gagnon, coordinator of the Global Network Against Weapons & Nuclear Power in Space, headquartered in Maine, said of what happened: \"The words 'warfighting domain' and US 'dominance in space' indicate that the Pentagon is actively planning to fight a war in space. This misguided notion is probably the most dangerous and frightening development of my lifetime -- and I had thought the Cold War-era was bad. The idea that the U.S. thinks it can fight and 'win' a war in space is indeed the height of insanity.\"\n\nThe U.S. Congress joining with the Trump administration \"to push forward with this 'US exceptionalism to the max' notion indicates just how much the aerospace industry has taken control of Washington,\" Gagnon, of Brunswick, Maine, continued.\n\n\"It is clear to me that what the Pentagon has long called 'the largest, and most expensive, industrial project in human history'Star Wars,' will drive our nation's economy over the cliff,\" said Gagnon. \"There will be rockets and weapons in space and more homeless across the nation than anyone could ever imagine. Yes, we should call it Pyramids to the Heavens. The aerospace industry is the contemporary version of the Pharaohs of Egypt and the taxpayers will be the slaves. But everything has an Achilles Heel and the enormous cost of Star Wars could just be it.\"\n\nHe stated: \"It's more than the right time for the public to declare a resounding NO.\"\n\nThe formation of a U.S. Space Force and the U.S. drive for \"American dominance\" of space will inevitably turn space into a war zone because other nations, China and Russia and then more, will respond in kind. There will be an arms race in space.\n\nThe landmark Outer Space Treaty of 1967 was put together by the U.S., the former Soviet Union, and the U.K., and since signed by most nations on Earth. It was spurred, as Craig Eisendrath, as a U.S. State Department officer involved in its creation, by the Soviet Union launching Sputnik, the first space satellite, as he noted in the 2001 TV documentary I wrote and narrate, \"Star Wars Returns.\" It's online. https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x4w2h7 Eisendrath said \"we sought to de-weaponize space before it got weaponized\"to keep war out of space.\"\n\nThe Outer Space Treaty prohibits the placement of weapons of mass destruction in space, and although the Trump administration and U.S. military have been claiming a Space Force is necessary because of Russia and China moving into space militarily, in fact Russia and China -- and U.S. neighbor Canada -- have been leaders for decades in pushing for an expansion of the Outer Space Treaty. They have been advocating the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS) treaty under which the placement of any weapons in space would be barred. The U.S.under both Republican and Democratic presidential administrationshas opposed the PAROS treaty and has effectively vetoed it at the United Nations. (I've been there to see this.)\n\n\"'Today is an historic moment for our nation as we launch the United States Space Force,'\" Air Force Secretary Barbara Barrett told reporters Dec. 20,\" said the Space News article. \"The Space Force is the first new military service created since 1947, when the Air Force was born from the U.S. Army Air Corps,\" it continued .\n\n\"The Space Force authorization marks a huge political victory for Trump, who started championing the idea of a space service in early 2018 and directed the Pentagon in June 2018 to figure out a plan to make it happen,\" said Space News, quoting Barrett as saying: \"The president's vision has become a reality with overwhelming bipartisan and bicameral support from Congress.\" Raymond: \"We do have a plan to rename the principal Air Force bases that house space units to be space bases.\"\n\nIn a subsequent article, Space News reported that with the establishment of a U.S. Space Force, there is a plan to rename U.S. Air Force bases as U.S. Space Force bases. The piece said: \"Air Force installations that primarily do space work would be renamed Space Force bases. Peterson Air Force Base in Colorado Springs, for example, could become Peterson Space Force Base. Other candidates for re-designation include Colorado-based Schriever Air Force Base and Buckley Air Force Base, Patrick Air Force Base in Florida and Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.\"\n\nThe article quoted General John \"Jay\" Raymond, who has been commander of the U.S. Space Command and has become commander of the new U.S. Space Force, as saying: \"We do have a plan to rename the principal Air Force bases that house space units to be space bases.\" https://spacenews.com/following-standup-of-u-s-space-force-air-force-bases-could-be-renamed-as-space-bases/?fbclid=IwAR06TsDxQAfTBHd8G2765Oiq_xQxL-3ofyWE8XzQ1tIPJfSr72UrSp9kMEo\n\nMeanwhile, the U.S. military immediately unveiled an \"official\" U.S. Space Force website at https://www.spaceforce.mil/?fbclid=IwAR2QAl-nRdvG0QzdU9Laeiv8ESHUNmTHJClrnqhVFmaCVqBy26bBiEEXrBM\n\nIn the U.S. House of Representatives, the vote for NDAA on December 11 was 377 to 48. Some 189 Republicans and 188 Democrats voted for it. Six Republican House members voted no along with 41 Democrats and one independent. The vote was reported to be a result of a trade-off for 12 weeks of paid parental leave for civilian federal employees. The New York Times' article on the vote said Jared Kushner, Trump's son-in-law and advisor, was pivotal. \"It was Mr. Kushner who helped broker a deal to create the Space Force, a chief priority of the president's, in exchange for the paid parental leave, a measure championed by his wife, Ivanka Trump, also a senior advisor to the president,\" said The Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/11/us/politics/house-ndaa-space-force-leave.html\n\nNext Page 1 | 2", "keywords": [], "meta_keywords": ["Congress", "Debris", "Democrats", "Military", "Nuclear", "Pentagon", "Plutonium", "Republican", "Space Force", "Space Technology", "Space-Aerospace", "Treaty", "Trump", "Wars", "Weapons"], "tags": ["Nuclear", "Military", "Space Force", "Trump", "Congress", "Pentagon", "Weapons", "Space-Aerospace", "Plutonium", "Wars", "Treaty", "Democrats", "Space Technology", "Republican", "Debris"], "authors": ["Karl Grossman"], "publish_date": null, "summary": "", "article_html": "", "meta_description": "Article: Turning Space Into a War Zone -- U.S. Space Force Established - President Trump has signed the National Defense Authorization Act that establishes a U.S. Space Force -- despite the Outer Space Treaty that designates space as a global commons to be used for peaceful purposes.", "meta_lang": "en", "meta_favicon": "", "meta_data": {"description": "Article: Turning Space Into a War Zone -- U.S. Space Force Established - President Trump has signed the National Defense Authorization Act that establishes a U.S. Space Force -- despite the Outer Space Treaty that designates space as a global commons to be used for peaceful purposes.", "keywords": "Congress,Debris,Democrats,Military,Nuclear,Pentagon,Plutonium,Republican,Space Force,Space Technology,Space-Aerospace,Treaty,Trump,Wars,Weapons", "fb": {"admins": 737810614, "app_id": 157889207614942}, "generator": "Populum - \ufeffContent management software for hybrid blog/media/commerce communities", "viewport": "width=device-width, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0", "referrer": "unsafe-url", "og": {"url": "https://www.opednews.com/articles/Turning-Space-Into-a-War-by-Karl-Grossman-Congress_Debris_Democrats_Military-191229-632.html", "site_name": "OpEdNews", "title": "Turning Space Into a War Zone -- U.S. Space Force Established", "description": "President Trump has signed the National Defense Authorization Act that establishes a U.S. Space Force -- despite the Outer Space Treaty that designates space as a global commons to be used for peaceful purposes.", "image": {"identifier": "images/fblogo.gif", "width": 1024, "height": 1024}, "type": "website", "locale": "en_US"}, "twitter": {"title": "Turning Space Into a War Zone -- U.S. Space Force Established", "description": "President Trump has signed the National Defense Authorization Act that establishes a U.S. Space Force -- despite the Outer Space Treaty that designates space as a global commons to be used for peaceful purposes.", "image": "images/fblogo.gif", "card": "summary_large_image", "site": "@opednews"}}, "canonical_link": "https://www.opednews.com/articles/Turning-Space-Into-a-War-by-Karl-Grossman-Congress_Debris_Democrats_Military-191229-632.html"}