Human: Write a simple Python3 HTTPS file server that waits for a connection from a client, and once receiving a connection, will only allow further connections from that single connecting IP address. Make the server reply with an error page if any other user attempts to connect. Also make the server only allow the files served to be downloaded once, instead of allowing repeated downloads.
Assistant: Here is a simple HTTPS file server in Python 3 that implements the requirements you specified:

import http.server
import socketserver
import ssl

HOSTNAME = "0.0.0.0"
PORT = 8000
CERT_FILE = "server.pem"
KEY_FILE = "key.pem"
ALLOWED_CLIENT_IP = None

class CustomHandler(http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler):
    def do_GET(self):
        if ALLOWED_CLIENT_IP and self.client_address[0] != ALLOWED_CLIENT_IP:
            self.send_error(403, "Forbidden", "You are not authorized to access this resource")
            return
        
        if self.path.endswith("/download"):
            ALLOWED_CLIENT_IP = self.client_address[0]
            super().do_GET()
        else:
            self.send_error(404, "Not Found", "The requested resource was not found on this server.")

with socketserver.TCPServer((HOSTNAME, PORT), CustomHandler) as httpd:
    httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, certfile=CERT_FILE, keyfile=KEY_FILE, server_side=True)
    print(f"Serving HTTPS on {HOSTNAME}:{PORT}")
    httpd.serve_forever()


In this code, we create a custom HTTP request handler CustomHandler that extends http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler and overrides the do_GET method. This method checks if the incoming request is from an allowed client IP address (stored in ALLOWED_CLIENT_IP). If the incoming request is from a different IP address, it sends a "Forbidden" error.

If the request is from an allowed IP address, the code checks if the requested resource is the download endpoint. If it is, it updates ALLOWED_CLIENT_IP to the incoming IP address and calls the parent implementation of do_GET. This will serve the requested file once to the connecting IP address.

If the requested resource is not the download endpoint, the code sends a "Not Found" error.

The server uses SSL for secure communication, so you will need to generate your own SSL certificate and key. The certificate and key files should be stored in the same directory as the script and their filenames should be specified in the CERT_FILE and KEY_FILE variables, respectively.

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Human: Thank you for helping me out! Could you add the explanation you gave me at the end to the code itself in the form of comments?
Assistant: import http.server
import socketserver
import ssl

# Server hostname and port to bind to
HOSTNAME = "0.0.0.0"
PORT = 8000

# SSL certificate and key files
CERT_FILE = "server.pem"
KEY_FILE = "key.pem"

# IP address of allowed client
ALLOWED_CLIENT_IP = None

# Custom HTTP request handler
class CustomHandler(http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler):
    def do_GET(self):
        # Check if request is from allowed client
        if ALLOWED_CLIENT_IP and self.client_address[0] != ALLOWED_CLIENT_IP:
            # Send "Forbidden" error if request is from different client
            self.send_error(403, "Forbidden", "You are not authorized to access this resource")
            return

        # Check if request is for download endpoint
        if self.path.endswith("/download"):
            # Update allowed client IP
            ALLOWED_CLIENT_IP = self.client_address[0]
            # Serve file to allowed client
            super().do_GET()
        else:
            # Send "Not Found" error if request is for other resource
            self.send_error(404, "Not Found", "The requested resource was not found on this server.")

# Start HTTPS server
with socketserver.TCPServer((HOSTNAME, PORT), CustomHandler) as httpd:
    # Wrap socket with SSL
    httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, certfile=CERT_FILE, keyfile=KEY_FILE, server_side=True)
    print(f"Serving HTTPS on {HOSTNAME}:{PORT}")
    httpd.serve_forever()