Case: Re Kaz Group Ltd [2004] FCA 738
Outcome: cited
Various affidavits including an affidavit by Lucinda Hughes Turnbull, a director of WCG, to the effect that she is willing to act as chairperson at the proposed Scheme meeting, and an affidavit of Sean Martin Howard to the effect that he is willing to act as alternate chairperson. Ms Turnbull and Mr Howard disclose the holdings of shares in WCG by companies associated with themselves respectively. 5 Senior counsel for WCG has properly drawn my attention to two matters, which may be described as the "performance risk issue" and the "no encumbrances" clause. The performance risk issue 6 The "performance risk issue" refers to the risk that MLB will not perform its obligations under the Scheme, by providing the promised consideration after the Scheme Shares have vested in it. Gyles J has referred to this issue in several cases, including Re Kaz Group Ltd [2004] FCA 738 , in which his Honour observed that it was "not entirely adequate" that scheme shares vest in the transferee corporation, leaving the former members with only the transferee corporation's covenant to pay. 7 The issue was again referred to by his Honour in Re Tempo Services Ltd (2005) 53 ACSR 523 (" Tempo "), another cash acquisition scheme by share transfer. His Honour said (at [5]): "The one matter to which I have drawn to attention of counsel is that, as a matter of principle, my view is that the security holders whose securities are divested by virtue of a scheme such as this should not have to bear any credit risk occasioned by the mechanism chosen so far as payment is concerned." In Tempo , the point was met by a provision for payment of the consideration into a Quistclose trust (cf Barclays Bank Ltd v Quistclose Investments Ltd [1968] UKHL 4 ; [1970] AC 567). 8 His Honour most recently considered the issue in SFE Corporation Limited [2006] FCA 670 (" SFE ") at [4]. Indeed, counsel has provided me with a copy of the scheme in SFE , which was, like the present Scheme, an acquisition for cash and shares. More accurately, it provided for an election between a Share Alternative and a Cash and Share Alternative. 9 In the present case, cl 6.1(a) of the Scheme provides that after the Court's approving order is made but before the "Implementation Date" (which is eight business days thereafter), MLB must deposit the aggregate amount of cash consideration payable to all Scheme Shareholders "in cleared funds in the trust account operated by WCG, to be held on trust for the Scheme Shareholders , except that any interest on the amount deposited shall be to MLB's account" [my emphasis]. Clause 6.2 of the Scheme provides that MLB's obligation to issue shares to the Scheme Shareholders is to be performed by its entering their names in the Share Register on the Implementation Date (and within five business days thereafter, dispatching to them an "uncertificated holding statement" relating to the number of MLB Shares issued to the addressee). This provision is generally similar to that found in cl 4.4 of the scheme that was approved in SFE . 14 Senior counsel for WCG, who is very experienced in this area, states that some schemes he has encountered have contained this provision and some have not. Senior counsel has referred to four cases in the last 12 months in which a provision similar to cl 9.3(b) has appeared. He has also remarked that in recent times, two Judges, Gyles J in this Court and Barrett J in the Supreme Court of New South Wales, have expressed a preference for such a provision not to appear in a scheme. Senior counsel has submitted as follows: "37. Possible bases for the Gyles J/Barrett J [approach] would seem to be: (a) Requiring omission of the clause as a matter of exercise of the discretion to convene the scheme meeting under s 411(1) or approve the scheme under s 411(4)(b). (b) The clause is outside the s 411 power which can only bind shareholders and the company. (c) If the clause is within the s 411 power then it purports to affect third party rights (in particular those with a security interest) and such persons are neither party to the application nor have they been notified. 38. On the issue of discretion, there are examples of inclusion of the clause. 39. On the issue of whether it is within the s 411 power, WebCentral submits that it is within the s 411 power to cause a person to become the registered holder of shares. This proposition is best adumbrated in the recent Navigator decision in the Privy Council, [a reference to Cambridge Gas Transport Corporation v The Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors (of Navigator Holdings PLC and others) , Privy Council Appeal No 46 of 2005, delivered 16 May 2006] in particular in paragraph 26. That paragraph succinctly summarises the broad nature of the scheme of arrangement power including that a scheme "may...provide that someone else is to be registered as holder of the shares", which is not a novel proposition. 40. On the issue of affecting third party rights, the Corporations Act provides for more than one method of compulsory acquisition of shares, which provides for the passing of title to the acquirer. Examples include s 661A , s 664A and in a slightly different context a reduction of capital under s 256C. The concept does not embrace those with security interests having the capacity to prevent the acquisition process because of their security interest. The security interest in the scheme consideration presumably remains unaffected by a clause such a [s] cl 9.3(b). The approach of the Court should be that persons lending against shares bear the risk of compulsory acquisition using any one of the means in the Corporations Act , and therefore the Court need have no special concern for them as part of the scheme process. 41. For these reasons, WebCentral submits that cl 9.3(b) is proper and should remain in the scheme." 15 There was discussion of cl 9.3(b) on the hearing, including reference to s 1072E(10) of the Act which relates to notice of trusts on which shares are held. Reference may also be made to cll 2.5 and 2.6 of WCG's constitution. Clause 2.5 provides: "Except as permitted or required by the Corporations Law, the Company shall not recognise a person as holding a Share or Share Option upon any trust". Clause 2.6 provides that WCG is "not bound by or compelled in any way to recognise any equitable, contingent, future or partial right or interest in any Share or Share Option (whether or not it has notice of the interest or right concerned) unless otherwise provided by [the] Constitution or by law, except an absolute right of ownership in the registered holder of the Share or Share Option". These various provisions relate to the position of WCG, not MLB. 16 Senior counsel has undertaken to provide a further submission on the "no encumbrances" issue. As presently advised, I think it appropriate to follow a course that he suggested, namely, to allow cl 9.3(b) to remain in the Scheme for consideration at the meeting of members, while noting that further reflection may lead to my granting approval to the Scheme subject to deletion of the provision. Subsection 411(6) permits the Court to grant its approval subject to such alterations or conditions as it thinks just.