Update anat_em based on git version 06790f1

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+
+---
+language: 
+- en
+bigbio_language: 
+- English
+license: cc-by-sa-3.0
+multilinguality: monolingual
+bigbio_license_shortname: CC_BY_SA_3p0
+pretty_name: AnatEM
+homepage: http://nactem.ac.uk/anatomytagger/#AnatEM
+bigbio_pubmed: True
+bigbio_public: True
+bigbio_tasks: 
+- NAMED_ENTITY_RECOGNITION
+---
+
+
+# Dataset Card for AnatEM
+
+## Dataset Description
+
+- **Homepage:** http://nactem.ac.uk/anatomytagger/#AnatEM
+- **Pubmed:** True
+- **Public:** True
+- **Tasks:** NER
+
+
+The extended Anatomical Entity Mention corpus (AnatEM) consists of 1212 documents (approx. 250,000 words) manually annotated to identify over 13,000 mentions of anatomical entities. Each annotation is assigned one of 12 granularity-based types such as Cellular component, Tissue and Organ, defined with reference to the Common Anatomy Reference Ontology.
+
+
+
+## Citation Information
+
+```
+@article{pyysalo2014anatomical,
+  title={Anatomical entity mention recognition at literature scale},
+  author={Pyysalo, Sampo and Ananiadou, Sophia},
+  journal={Bioinformatics},
+  volume={30},
+  number={6},
+  pages={868--875},
+  year={2014},
+  publisher={Oxford University Press}
+}
+
+```

anat_em.py

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+# coding=utf-8
+# Copyright 2022 The HuggingFace Datasets Authors and the current dataset script contributor.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""
+The extended Anatomical Entity Mention corpus (AnatEM) consists of 1212 documents
+(approx. 250,000 words) manually annotated to identify over 13,000 mentions of anatomical
+entities. Each annotation is assigned one of 12 granularity-based types such as Cellular
+component, Tissue and Organ, defined with reference to the Common Anatomy Reference Ontology
+(see https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/CARO).
+"""
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Dict, Iterator, Tuple
+
+import datasets
+
+from .bigbiohub import kb_features
+from .bigbiohub import BigBioConfig
+from .bigbiohub import Tasks
+from .bigbiohub import parse_brat_file
+from .bigbiohub import brat_parse_to_bigbio_kb
+
+
+_LANGUAGES = ['English']
+_PUBMED = True
+_LOCAL = False
+_CITATION = """\
+@article{pyysalo2014anatomical,
+  title={Anatomical entity mention recognition at literature scale},
+  author={Pyysalo, Sampo and Ananiadou, Sophia},
+  journal={Bioinformatics},
+  volume={30},
+  number={6},
+  pages={868--875},
+  year={2014},
+  publisher={Oxford University Press}
+}
+"""
+
+_DATASETNAME = "anat_em"
+_DISPLAYNAME = "AnatEM"
+
+
+_DESCRIPTION = """\
+The extended Anatomical Entity Mention corpus (AnatEM) consists of 1212 \
+documents (approx. 250,000 words) manually annotated to identify over 13,000 \
+mentions of anatomical entities. Each annotation is assigned one of 12 \
+granularity-based types such as Cellular component, Tissue and Organ, defined \
+with reference to the Common Anatomy Reference Ontology.
+"""
+
+_HOMEPAGE = "http://nactem.ac.uk/anatomytagger/#AnatEM"
+
+_LICENSE = 'Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 Unported'
+
+_URLS = {_DATASETNAME: "http://nactem.ac.uk/anatomytagger/AnatEM-1.0.2.tar.gz"}
+
+_SUPPORTED_TASKS = [Tasks.NAMED_ENTITY_RECOGNITION]
+
+_SOURCE_VERSION = "1.0.2"
+_BIGBIO_VERSION = "1.0.0"
+
+
+class AnatEMDataset(datasets.GeneratorBasedBuilder):
+    """The extended Anatomical Entity Mention corpus (AnatEM)"""
+
+    SOURCE_VERSION = datasets.Version(_SOURCE_VERSION)
+    BIGBIO_VERSION = datasets.Version(_BIGBIO_VERSION)
+
+    BUILDER_CONFIGS = [
+        BigBioConfig(
+            name="anat_em_source",
+            version=SOURCE_VERSION,
+            description="AnatEM source schema",
+            schema="source",
+            subset_id="anat_em",
+        ),
+        BigBioConfig(
+            name="anat_em_bigbio_kb",
+            version=BIGBIO_VERSION,
+            description="AnatEM BigBio schema",
+            schema="bigbio_kb",
+            subset_id="anat_em",
+        ),
+    ]
+
+    DEFAULT_CONFIG_NAME = "anat_em_source"
+
+    def _info(self):
+        if self.config.schema == "source":
+            features = datasets.Features(
+                {
+                    "document_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    "document_type": datasets.Value("string"),  # Either PMC or PM
+                    "text": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    "text_type": datasets.Value(
+                        "string"
+                    ),  # Either abstract (for PM) or sec / caption (for PMC)
+                    "entities": [
+                        {
+                            "entity_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                            "type": datasets.Value("string"),
+                            "offsets": datasets.Sequence([datasets.Value("int32")]),
+                            "text": datasets.Sequence(datasets.Value("string")),
+                        }
+                    ],
+                }
+            )
+
+        elif self.config.schema == "bigbio_kb":
+            features = kb_features
+
+        return datasets.DatasetInfo(
+            description=_DESCRIPTION,
+            features=features,
+            homepage=_HOMEPAGE,
+            license=str(_LICENSE),
+            citation=_CITATION,
+        )
+
+    def _split_generators(self, dl_manager):
+        urls = _URLS[_DATASETNAME]
+        data_dir = Path(dl_manager.download_and_extract(urls))
+
+        standoff_dir = data_dir / "AnatEM-1.0.2" / "standoff"
+
+        return [
+            datasets.SplitGenerator(
+                name=datasets.Split.TRAIN,
+                gen_kwargs={"split_dir": standoff_dir / "train"},
+            ),
+            datasets.SplitGenerator(
+                name=datasets.Split.TEST,
+                gen_kwargs={"split_dir": standoff_dir / "test"},
+            ),
+            datasets.SplitGenerator(
+                name=datasets.Split.VALIDATION,
+                gen_kwargs={"split_dir": standoff_dir / "devel"},
+            ),
+        ]
+
+    def _generate_examples(self, split_dir: Path) -> Iterator[Tuple[str, Dict]]:
+        if self.config.name == "anat_em_source":
+            for file in split_dir.iterdir():
+                # Ignore hidden files and annotation files - we just consider the brat text files
+                if file.name.startswith("._") or file.name.endswith(".ann"):
+                    continue
+
+                # Read brat annotations for the given text file and convert example to the source format
+                brat_example = parse_brat_file(file)
+                source_example = self._to_source_example(file, brat_example)
+
+                yield source_example["document_id"], source_example
+
+        elif self.config.name == "anat_em_bigbio_kb":
+            for file in split_dir.iterdir():
+                # Ignore hidden files and annotation files - we just consider the brat text files
+                if file.name.startswith("._") or file.name.endswith(".ann"):
+                    continue
+
+                # Read brat annotations for the given text file and convert example to the BigBio-KB format
+                brat_example = parse_brat_file(file)
+                kb_example = brat_parse_to_bigbio_kb(brat_example)
+                kb_example["id"] = kb_example["document_id"]
+
+                # Fix text type annotation for the converted example
+                _, text_type = self.get_document_type_and_text_type(file)
+                kb_example["passages"][0]["type"] = text_type
+
+                yield kb_example["id"], kb_example
+
+    def _to_source_example(self, input_file: Path, brat_example: Dict) -> Dict:
+        """
+        Converts an example extracted using the default brat parsing logic to the source format
+        of the given corpus.
+        """
+        document_type, text_type = self.get_document_type_and_text_type(input_file)
+
+        source_example = {
+            "document_id": brat_example["document_id"],
+            "document_type": document_type,
+            "text": brat_example["text"],
+            "text_type": text_type,
+        }
+
+        id_prefix = brat_example["document_id"] + "_"
+
+        source_example["entities"] = []
+        for entity_annotation in brat_example["text_bound_annotations"]:
+            entity_ann = entity_annotation.copy()
+
+            entity_ann["entity_id"] = id_prefix + entity_ann["id"]
+            entity_ann.pop("id")
+
+            source_example["entities"].append(entity_ann)
+
+        return source_example
+
+    def get_document_type_and_text_type(self, input_file: Path) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+        """
+        Extracts the document type (PubMed(PM) or PubMedCentral (PMC)) and the respective
+        text type (abstract for PM and sec or caption for (PMC) from the name of the given
+        file, e.g.:
+
+        PMID-9778569.txt -> ("PM", "abstract")
+
+        PMC-1274342-sec-02.txt -> ("PMC", "sec")
+
+        PMC-1592597-caption-02.ann -> ("PMC", "caption")
+
+        """
+        name_parts = str(input_file.stem).split("-")
+
+        if name_parts[0] == "PMID":
+            return "PM", "abstract"
+
+        elif name_parts[0] == "PMC":
+            return "PMC", name_parts[2]
+        else:
+            raise AssertionError(f"Unexpected file prefix {name_parts[0]}")

bigbiohub.py

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+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import Enum
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Iterable, List, Tuple
+
+import datasets
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import bioc
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+BigBioValues = SimpleNamespace(NULL="<BB_NULL_STR>")
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BigBioConfig(datasets.BuilderConfig):
+    """BuilderConfig for BigBio."""
+
+    name: str = None
+    version: datasets.Version = None
+    description: str = None
+    schema: str = None
+    subset_id: str = None
+
+
+class Tasks(Enum):
+    NAMED_ENTITY_RECOGNITION = "NER"
+    NAMED_ENTITY_DISAMBIGUATION = "NED"
+    EVENT_EXTRACTION = "EE"
+    RELATION_EXTRACTION = "RE"
+    COREFERENCE_RESOLUTION = "COREF"
+    QUESTION_ANSWERING = "QA"
+    TEXTUAL_ENTAILMENT = "TE"
+    SEMANTIC_SIMILARITY = "STS"
+    TEXT_PAIRS_CLASSIFICATION = "TXT2CLASS"
+    PARAPHRASING = "PARA"
+    TRANSLATION = "TRANSL"
+    SUMMARIZATION = "SUM"
+    TEXT_CLASSIFICATION = "TXTCLASS"
+
+
+entailment_features = datasets.Features(
+    {
+        "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "premise": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "hypothesis": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "label": datasets.Value("string"),
+    }
+)
+
+pairs_features = datasets.Features(
+    {
+        "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "document_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "text_1": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "text_2": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "label": datasets.Value("string"),
+    }
+)
+
+qa_features = datasets.Features(
+    {
+        "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "question_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "document_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "question": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "type": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "choices": [datasets.Value("string")],
+        "context": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "answer": datasets.Sequence(datasets.Value("string")),
+    }
+)
+
+text_features = datasets.Features(
+    {
+        "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "document_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "text": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "labels": [datasets.Value("string")],
+    }
+)
+
+text2text_features = datasets.Features(
+    {
+        "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "document_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "text_1": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "text_2": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "text_1_name": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "text_2_name": datasets.Value("string"),
+    }
+)
+
+kb_features = datasets.Features(
+    {
+        "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "document_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+        "passages": [
+            {
+                "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                "type": datasets.Value("string"),
+                "text": datasets.Sequence(datasets.Value("string")),
+                "offsets": datasets.Sequence([datasets.Value("int32")]),
+            }
+        ],
+        "entities": [
+            {
+                "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                "type": datasets.Value("string"),
+                "text": datasets.Sequence(datasets.Value("string")),
+                "offsets": datasets.Sequence([datasets.Value("int32")]),
+                "normalized": [
+                    {
+                        "db_name": datasets.Value("string"),
+                        "db_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    }
+                ],
+            }
+        ],
+        "events": [
+            {
+                "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                "type": datasets.Value("string"),
+                # refers to the text_bound_annotation of the trigger
+                "trigger": {
+                    "text": datasets.Sequence(datasets.Value("string")),
+                    "offsets": datasets.Sequence([datasets.Value("int32")]),
+                },
+                "arguments": [
+                    {
+                        "role": datasets.Value("string"),
+                        "ref_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    }
+                ],
+            }
+        ],
+        "coreferences": [
+            {
+                "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                "entity_ids": datasets.Sequence(datasets.Value("string")),
+            }
+        ],
+        "relations": [
+            {
+                "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                "type": datasets.Value("string"),
+                "arg1_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                "arg2_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                "normalized": [
+                    {
+                        "db_name": datasets.Value("string"),
+                        "db_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    }
+                ],
+            }
+        ],
+    }
+)
+
+
+TASK_TO_SCHEMA = {
+    Tasks.NAMED_ENTITY_RECOGNITION.name: "KB",
+    Tasks.NAMED_ENTITY_DISAMBIGUATION.name: "KB",
+    Tasks.EVENT_EXTRACTION.name: "KB",
+    Tasks.RELATION_EXTRACTION.name: "KB",
+    Tasks.COREFERENCE_RESOLUTION.name: "KB",
+    Tasks.QUESTION_ANSWERING.name: "QA",
+    Tasks.TEXTUAL_ENTAILMENT.name: "TE",
+    Tasks.SEMANTIC_SIMILARITY.name: "PAIRS",
+    Tasks.TEXT_PAIRS_CLASSIFICATION.name: "PAIRS",
+    Tasks.PARAPHRASING.name: "T2T",
+    Tasks.TRANSLATION.name: "T2T",
+    Tasks.SUMMARIZATION.name: "T2T",
+    Tasks.TEXT_CLASSIFICATION.name: "TEXT",
+}
+
+SCHEMA_TO_TASKS = defaultdict(set)
+for task, schema in TASK_TO_SCHEMA.items():
+    SCHEMA_TO_TASKS[schema].add(task)
+SCHEMA_TO_TASKS = dict(SCHEMA_TO_TASKS)
+
+VALID_TASKS = set(TASK_TO_SCHEMA.keys())
+VALID_SCHEMAS = set(TASK_TO_SCHEMA.values())
+
+SCHEMA_TO_FEATURES = {
+    "KB": kb_features,
+    "QA": qa_features,
+    "TE": entailment_features,
+    "T2T": text2text_features,
+    "TEXT": text_features,
+    "PAIRS": pairs_features,
+}
+
+
+def get_texts_and_offsets_from_bioc_ann(ann: "bioc.BioCAnnotation") -> Tuple:
+
+    offsets = [(loc.offset, loc.offset + loc.length) for loc in ann.locations]
+
+    text = ann.text
+
+    if len(offsets) > 1:
+        i = 0
+        texts = []
+        for start, end in offsets:
+            chunk_len = end - start
+            texts.append(text[i : chunk_len + i])
+            i += chunk_len
+            while i < len(text) and text[i] == " ":
+                i += 1
+    else:
+        texts = [text]
+
+    return offsets, texts
+
+
+def remove_prefix(a: str, prefix: str) -> str:
+    if a.startswith(prefix):
+        a = a[len(prefix) :]
+    return a
+
+
+def parse_brat_file(
+    txt_file: Path,
+    annotation_file_suffixes: List[str] = None,
+    parse_notes: bool = False,
+) -> Dict:
+    """
+    Parse a brat file into the schema defined below.
+    `txt_file` should be the path to the brat '.txt' file you want to parse, e.g. 'data/1234.txt'
+    Assumes that the annotations are contained in one or more of the corresponding '.a1', '.a2' or '.ann' files,
+    e.g. 'data/1234.ann' or 'data/1234.a1' and 'data/1234.a2'.
+    Will include annotator notes, when `parse_notes == True`.
+    brat_features = datasets.Features(
+        {
+            "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+            "document_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+            "text": datasets.Value("string"),
+            "text_bound_annotations": [  # T line in brat, e.g. type or event trigger
+                {
+                    "offsets": datasets.Sequence([datasets.Value("int32")]),
+                    "text": datasets.Sequence(datasets.Value("string")),
+                    "type": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                }
+            ],
+            "events": [  # E line in brat
+                {
+                    "trigger": datasets.Value(
+                        "string"
+                    ),  # refers to the text_bound_annotation of the trigger,
+                    "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    "type": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    "arguments": datasets.Sequence(
+                        {
+                            "role": datasets.Value("string"),
+                            "ref_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                        }
+                    ),
+                }
+            ],
+            "relations": [  # R line in brat
+                {
+                    "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    "head": {
+                        "ref_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                        "role": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    },
+                    "tail": {
+                        "ref_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                        "role": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    },
+                    "type": datasets.Value("string"),
+                }
+            ],
+            "equivalences": [  # Equiv line in brat
+                {
+                    "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    "ref_ids": datasets.Sequence(datasets.Value("string")),
+                }
+            ],
+            "attributes": [  # M or A lines in brat
+                {
+                    "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    "type": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    "ref_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    "value": datasets.Value("string"),
+                }
+            ],
+            "normalizations": [  # N lines in brat
+                {
+                    "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    "type": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    "ref_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    "resource_name": datasets.Value(
+                        "string"
+                    ),  # Name of the resource, e.g. "Wikipedia"
+                    "cuid": datasets.Value(
+                        "string"
+                    ),  # ID in the resource, e.g. 534366
+                    "text": datasets.Value(
+                        "string"
+                    ),  # Human readable description/name of the entity, e.g. "Barack Obama"
+                }
+            ],
+            ### OPTIONAL: Only included when `parse_notes == True`
+            "notes": [  # # lines in brat
+                {
+                    "id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    "type": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    "ref_id": datasets.Value("string"),
+                    "text": datasets.Value("string"),
+                }
+            ],
+        },
+        )
+    """
+
+    example = {}
+    example["document_id"] = txt_file.with_suffix("").name
+    with txt_file.open() as f:
+        example["text"] = f.read()
+
+    # If no specific suffixes of the to-be-read annotation files are given - take standard suffixes
+    # for event extraction
+    if annotation_file_suffixes is None:
+        annotation_file_suffixes = [".a1", ".a2", ".ann"]
+
+    if len(annotation_file_suffixes) == 0:
+        raise AssertionError(
+            "At least one suffix for the to-be-read annotation files should be given!"
+        )
+
+    ann_lines = []
+    for suffix in annotation_file_suffixes:
+        annotation_file = txt_file.with_suffix(suffix)
+        try:
+            with annotation_file.open() as f:
+                ann_lines.extend(f.readlines())
+        except Exception:
+            continue
+
+    example["text_bound_annotations"] = []
+    example["events"] = []
+    example["relations"] = []
+    example["equivalences"] = []
+    example["attributes"] = []
+    example["normalizations"] = []
+
+    if parse_notes:
+        example["notes"] = []
+
+    for line in ann_lines:
+        line = line.strip()
+        if not line:
+            continue
+
+        if line.startswith("T"):  # Text bound
+            ann = {}
+            fields = line.split("\t")
+
+            ann["id"] = fields[0]
+            ann["type"] = fields[1].split()[0]
+            ann["offsets"] = []
+            span_str = remove_prefix(fields[1], (ann["type"] + " "))
+            text = fields[2]
+            for span in span_str.split(";"):
+                start, end = span.split()
+                ann["offsets"].append([int(start), int(end)])
+
+            # Heuristically split text of discontiguous entities into chunks
+            ann["text"] = []
+            if len(ann["offsets"]) > 1:
+                i = 0
+                for start, end in ann["offsets"]:
+                    chunk_len = end - start
+                    ann["text"].append(text[i : chunk_len + i])
+                    i += chunk_len
+                    while i < len(text) and text[i] == " ":
+                        i += 1
+            else:
+                ann["text"] = [text]
+
+            example["text_bound_annotations"].append(ann)
+
+        elif line.startswith("E"):
+            ann = {}
+            fields = line.split("\t")
+
+            ann["id"] = fields[0]
+
+            ann["type"], ann["trigger"] = fields[1].split()[0].split(":")
+
+            ann["arguments"] = []
+            for role_ref_id in fields[1].split()[1:]:
+                argument = {
+                    "role": (role_ref_id.split(":"))[0],
+                    "ref_id": (role_ref_id.split(":"))[1],
+                }
+                ann["arguments"].append(argument)
+
+            example["events"].append(ann)
+
+        elif line.startswith("R"):
+            ann = {}
+            fields = line.split("\t")
+
+            ann["id"] = fields[0]
+            ann["type"] = fields[1].split()[0]
+
+            ann["head"] = {
+                "role": fields[1].split()[1].split(":")[0],
+                "ref_id": fields[1].split()[1].split(":")[1],
+            }
+            ann["tail"] = {
+                "role": fields[1].split()[2].split(":")[0],
+                "ref_id": fields[1].split()[2].split(":")[1],
+            }
+
+            example["relations"].append(ann)
+
+        # '*' seems to be the legacy way to mark equivalences,
+        # but I couldn't find any info on the current way
+        # this might have to be adapted dependent on the brat version
+        # of the annotation
+        elif line.startswith("*"):
+            ann = {}
+            fields = line.split("\t")
+
+            ann["id"] = fields[0]
+            ann["ref_ids"] = fields[1].split()[1:]
+
+            example["equivalences"].append(ann)
+
+        elif line.startswith("A") or line.startswith("M"):
+            ann = {}
+            fields = line.split("\t")
+
+            ann["id"] = fields[0]
+
+            info = fields[1].split()
+            ann["type"] = info[0]
+            ann["ref_id"] = info[1]
+
+            if len(info) > 2:
+                ann["value"] = info[2]
+            else:
+                ann["value"] = ""
+
+            example["attributes"].append(ann)
+
+        elif line.startswith("N"):
+            ann = {}
+            fields = line.split("\t")
+
+            ann["id"] = fields[0]
+            ann["text"] = fields[2]
+
+            info = fields[1].split()
+
+            ann["type"] = info[0]
+            ann["ref_id"] = info[1]
+            ann["resource_name"] = info[2].split(":")[0]
+            ann["cuid"] = info[2].split(":")[1]
+            example["normalizations"].append(ann)
+
+        elif parse_notes and line.startswith("#"):
+            ann = {}
+            fields = line.split("\t")
+
+            ann["id"] = fields[0]
+            ann["text"] = fields[2] if len(fields) == 3 else BigBioValues.NULL
+
+            info = fields[1].split()
+
+            ann["type"] = info[0]
+            ann["ref_id"] = info[1]
+            example["notes"].append(ann)
+
+    return example
+
+
+def brat_parse_to_bigbio_kb(brat_parse: Dict) -> Dict:
+    """
+    Transform a brat parse (conforming to the standard brat schema) obtained with
+    `parse_brat_file` into a dictionary conforming to the `bigbio-kb` schema (as defined in ../schemas/kb.py)
+    :param brat_parse:
+    """
+
+    unified_example = {}
+
+    # Prefix all ids with document id to ensure global uniqueness,
+    # because brat ids are only unique within their document
+    id_prefix = brat_parse["document_id"] + "_"
+
+    # identical
+    unified_example["document_id"] = brat_parse["document_id"]
+    unified_example["passages"] = [
+        {
+            "id": id_prefix + "_text",
+            "type": "abstract",
+            "text": [brat_parse["text"]],
+            "offsets": [[0, len(brat_parse["text"])]],
+        }
+    ]
+
+    # get normalizations
+    ref_id_to_normalizations = defaultdict(list)
+    for normalization in brat_parse["normalizations"]:
+        ref_id_to_normalizations[normalization["ref_id"]].append(
+            {
+                "db_name": normalization["resource_name"],
+                "db_id": normalization["cuid"],
+            }
+        )
+
+    # separate entities and event triggers
+    unified_example["events"] = []
+    non_event_ann = brat_parse["text_bound_annotations"].copy()
+    for event in brat_parse["events"]:
+        event = event.copy()
+        event["id"] = id_prefix + event["id"]
+        trigger = next(
+            tr
+            for tr in brat_parse["text_bound_annotations"]
+            if tr["id"] == event["trigger"]
+        )
+        if trigger in non_event_ann:
+            non_event_ann.remove(trigger)
+        event["trigger"] = {
+            "text": trigger["text"].copy(),
+            "offsets": trigger["offsets"].copy(),
+        }
+        for argument in event["arguments"]:
+            argument["ref_id"] = id_prefix + argument["ref_id"]
+
+        unified_example["events"].append(event)
+
+    unified_example["entities"] = []
+    anno_ids = [ref_id["id"] for ref_id in non_event_ann]
+    for ann in non_event_ann:
+        entity_ann = ann.copy()
+        entity_ann["id"] = id_prefix + entity_ann["id"]
+        entity_ann["normalized"] = ref_id_to_normalizations[ann["id"]]
+        unified_example["entities"].append(entity_ann)
+
+    # massage relations
+    unified_example["relations"] = []
+    skipped_relations = set()
+    for ann in brat_parse["relations"]:
+        if (
+            ann["head"]["ref_id"] not in anno_ids
+            or ann["tail"]["ref_id"] not in anno_ids
+        ):
+            skipped_relations.add(ann["id"])
+            continue
+        unified_example["relations"].append(
+            {
+                "arg1_id": id_prefix + ann["head"]["ref_id"],
+                "arg2_id": id_prefix + ann["tail"]["ref_id"],
+                "id": id_prefix + ann["id"],
+                "type": ann["type"],
+                "normalized": [],
+            }
+        )
+    if len(skipped_relations) > 0:
+        example_id = brat_parse["document_id"]
+        logger.info(
+            f"Example:{example_id}: The `bigbio_kb` schema allows `relations` only between entities."
+            f" Skip (for now): "
+            f"{list(skipped_relations)}"
+        )
+
+    # get coreferences
+    unified_example["coreferences"] = []
+    for i, ann in enumerate(brat_parse["equivalences"], start=1):
+        is_entity_cluster = True
+        for ref_id in ann["ref_ids"]:
+            if not ref_id.startswith("T"):  # not textbound -> no entity
+                is_entity_cluster = False
+            elif ref_id not in anno_ids:  # event trigger -> no entity
+                is_entity_cluster = False
+        if is_entity_cluster:
+            entity_ids = [id_prefix + i for i in ann["ref_ids"]]
+            unified_example["coreferences"].append(
+                {"id": id_prefix + str(i), "entity_ids": entity_ids}
+            )
+    return unified_example