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---
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# Dataset Card for NaijaHate
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<!-- Provide a quick summary of the dataset. -->
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## Dataset Details
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### Dataset Description
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<!-- Provide a longer summary of what this dataset is. -->
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- **Curated by:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- **License:** [More Information Needed]
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### Dataset Sources [optional]
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<!-- Provide the basic links for the dataset. -->
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- **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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## Uses
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<!-- Address questions around how the dataset is intended to be used. -->
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### Direct Use
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<!-- This section describes suitable use cases for the dataset. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the dataset will not work well for. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Dataset Structure
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<!-- This section provides a description of the dataset fields, and additional information about the dataset structure such as criteria used to create the splits, relationships between data points, etc. -->
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## Dataset Creation
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### Curation Rationale
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<!-- Motivation for the creation of this dataset. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Source Data
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#### Data Collection and Processing
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<!-- This section describes the data collection and processing process such as data selection criteria, filtering and normalization methods, tools and libraries used, etc. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Who are the source data producers?
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<!-- This section describes the people or systems who originally created the data. It should also include self-reported demographic or identity information for the source data creators if this information is available. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Annotations [optional]
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<!-- If the dataset contains annotations which are not part of the initial data collection, use this section to describe them. -->
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#### Annotation process
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<!-- This section describes the annotation process such as annotation tools used in the process, the amount of data annotated, annotation guidelines provided to the annotators, interannotator statistics, annotation validation, etc. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Who are the annotators?
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<!-- This section describes the people or systems who created the annotations. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Personal and Sensitive Information
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<!-- State whether the dataset contains data that might be considered personal, sensitive, or private (e.g., data that reveals addresses, uniquely identifiable names or aliases, racial or ethnic origins, sexual orientations, religious beliefs, political opinions, financial or health data, etc.). If efforts were made to anonymize the data, describe the anonymization process. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Recommendations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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Users should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the dataset. More information needed for further recommendations.
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## Citation [optional]
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<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the dataset, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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**BibTeX:**
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[More Information Needed]
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**APA:**
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[More Information Needed]
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## Glossary [optional]
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##
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size_categories:
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task_categories:
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- text-classification
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---
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# Dataset Card for NaijaHate
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<!-- Provide a quick summary of the dataset. -->
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NaijaHate is a hate speech dataset tailored to the Nigerian context. It contains 35,976 annotated Nigerian tweets, including 29,999 tweets randomly sampled from Nigerian Twitter. For a complete description of the data, please refer to the reference paper (TODO).
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## Dataset Structure
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<!-- This section provides a description of the dataset fields, and additional information about the dataset structure such as criteria used to create the splits, relationships between data points, etc. -->
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The dataset is made of four components detailed in the `dataset` column: two components used for training a hate speech model (`stratified` and `al`) and two components for model evaluation (`eval` and `random`). We detail each component below:
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- `stratified`:
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- `al`:
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- `eval`:
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- `random`:
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## Dataset Creation
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### Source Data
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This dataset was sourced for a large Twitter dataset of 2.2 billion tweets posted between March 2007 and July 2023 and forming the timelines of 2.8 million Twitter users with a profile location in Nigeria.
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### Annotation
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We recruited a team of four annotators, two female and two male, each of them from one of the four most populated Nigerian ethnic groups -- Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo and Fulani.
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We followed a prescriptive approach by instructing annotators to strictly adhere to extensive annotation guidelines describing our taxonomy of hate speech (see reference paper for full guidelines).
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Tweets are annotated as belonging to one of three classes:
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- hateful (`2` in the `class` column) if it contains an attack on an individual or a group based on the perceived possession of a certain characteristic (e.g., gender, race)
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- offensive (`1` in the `class` column), if it contains a personal attack or an insult that does not target an individual based on their identity
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- neutral (`0` in the `class` column) if it is neither hateful nor offensive.
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If a tweet is labeled as hateful, it is also annotated for the communities being targeted. The possible target communities in our dataset are:
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- Christians (`christian` column)
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- Muslims (`muslim`)
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- Northerners (`northerner`)
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- Southerners (`southerner`)
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- Hausas (`hausa`)
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- Fulanis (`fulani`)
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- Yorubas (`yoruba`)
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- Igbos (`igbo`)
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- Women (`women`)
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- LGBTQ+ (`lgbtq+`)
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- Herdsmen (`herdsmen`)
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- Biafra (`biafra`)
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Each tweet was labeled by three annotators. For the three-class annotation task, the 3 annotators agreed on 90\% of labeled tweets, 2 out of 3 agreed in 9.5\% of cases, and all three of them disagreed in 0.5\% of cases (Krippendorff's alpha = 0.7).
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## BibTeX entry and citation information
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TODO
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Please cite the [reference paper](https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.27/) if you use this dataset.
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{XXX}
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```
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