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Multimodal Art Projection 270

http://www.grelennursery.com/treecare.html

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Grelen Tree Care, Inc. is a partner company to Grelen Nursery and specializes in plant health and maintenance. Services include tree removal, expert pruning and plant health care. With the environment in mind, Grelen Tree Care utilizes an integrated pest management approach applying spray only where there is a need to control the problem. This allows for effective eradication of plant pests and diseases with minimal overspray and limits the negative impact on the surroundings. HOURS & CONTACT INFORMATION Please click on the links below to see hours of operation and contact information for our various entities. Please note that The Market at Grelen & Grelen Nursery are incorporated separately and have different hours!!

agronomy

http://peakreportonline.com/NA-Article.aspx?region=2&article=14

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Dr. Joseph Harrision , professor and researcher at Washington State University. Dr. Joseph Harrison, professor and researcher at Washington State University, is involved with extensive research related to dairy cattle nutrition and its influence on nutrient management. The following research focuses on the effects of potassium and positive dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) levels on lactating dairy cattle performance. Tell us a little about your experience with DCAD research.¹ Potassium is an essential regulator of sweat glands, helping keep cows cool, maintain rumen integrity and produce high levels of milk. Realizing that dairy cattle lose excessive amounts of potassium each day through normal daily functions and production needs, our research has focused on increasing levels and delivering potassium to the dairy cow. In our study, 30 Holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of two groups at 15 days in milk (DIM) through 85 DIM. The Control group was fed potassium through forage sources only at the rate of 1.2% dry matter, resulting in a ration formulated for a DCAD of +25 meq/100g ration dry matter. Treatment cows were supplemented with DCAD Plus® Feed Grade Potassium Carbonate to increase dietary potassium to 2% dry matter and to increase DCAD to +42 meq/100g as shown in the table below. What were the results of boosting DCAD in lactating cow rations? Through our research we found that boosting DCAD levels in the early stages of lactation can optimize dry matter intake (DMI) and increase milk and component yields. The chart below outlines the significant improvements in milk fat that were seen in cows fed DCAD Plus. We attributed these improvements to additional rumen buffering to help stabilize the high metabolic acid load occurring to meet the production demands of early lactation animals. From the trials and milk samples we discovered that potassium also has an effect at the rumen level, lowering the amount of trans-fatty acids in fluid milk. What are the implications of these findings for dairy producers? Over the last 18 months, dairy producers have faced many financial hardships; increasing the DCAD levels in the early lactation cows of your herd can improve income over feed cost (IOFC) through increased component levels and feed efficiency. 1 White R, Harrison J, Kincaid R, Block E, St-Pierre N. Effectiveness of potassium carbonate to increase dietary cation-anion difference in early lactation cows. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91: Abstr. 106

agronomy

http://www.bblondeel.com/siteId_425_columnId_24910_articleId_710404.html

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Jinshan Zhang, Zhenyu Zhou, Jinjuan Bai, Xiaoping Tao, Ling Wang, Hui Zhang, Jian-Kang Zhu, Disruption of MIR396e and MIR396f improves rice yield under nitrogen-deficient conditions, National Science Review, Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2020, Pages 102–112, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz142 The microRNA miR396 directly represses GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (OsGRFs) and has been implicated in regulating rice yield and in nitrogen assimilation. Overexpressing the miR396 targets OsGRF4 and OsGRF6 improves rice yield via increased grain size and panicle branching, respectively. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to assess the function of miR396 genes in rice. Knockout of MIR396ef (MIR396e and MIR396f), but not other isoforms, enhanced both grain size and panicle branching, resulting in increased grain yield. Importantly, under nitrogen-deficient conditions, mir396ef mutants showed an even higher relative increase in grain yield as well as elevated above-ground biomass. Furthermore, we identified OsGRF8 as a new target of miR396, in addition to the known targets OsGRF4 and OsGRF6. Disruption of the miR396-targeting site in OsGRF8 was sufficient to both enlarge grain size and elongate panicles. Our results suggest that rice-seed and panicle development are regulated by miR396ef-GRF4/6/8-GIF1/2/3 modules and that miR396ef are promising targets of genome editing for breeding environmentally friendly rice varieties that require less nitrogen fertilization. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, non-coding RNAs of 21–24 nucleotides, which typically load into a silencing complex to direct cleavage or translational inhibition, and thus repression, of complementary messenger RNAs (mRNAs) [1–3]. In plants, miRNAs act as key regulators to control development, growth and stress tolerance [4–6]. Several miRNAs have been shown to control rice yield. For example, miR156 and miR397 affect rice yield by regulating their targets, OsSPLs and OsLACs, respectively [5–9]. The microRNA miR396 was recently shown to regulate rice-grain yield by targeting the transcription factors growth-regulating factors (GRFs), which execute their function via GRF-interacting factors (GIFs) . miR396 can target and thus limit the expression of both OsGRF4 and OsGRF6 in rice . OsGRF4 controls grain development by regulating many brassinosteroid-induced genes and disruption of the miR396 target site in OsGRF4 enhances grain size and yield in rice [12,13]. OsGRF4 also balances the inhibitory activities of DELLA to promote and integrate nitrogen assimilation, carbon fixation and growth , but whether this is regulated by miR396 is not known. OsGRF6 directly promotes the expression of panicle-branching factor genes OsTAWAWA1 and OsMADS34, and decreased expression of MIR396b or overexpression of OsGRF6 increases the panicle-branching number and, in turn, grain yield . Overexpression of the miR396 target genes AtGRF1, AtGRF2 and AtGRF5 in Arabidopsis leads to the production of larger seeds, indicating that a miR396-GRF regulatory network broadly participates in seed development . miR396 antagonizes the expression of its target GRF2 in the distal part of leaves, restricting cell proliferation in developed tissues . miR396 also negatively regulates cell proliferation by markedly decreasing the expression of cell-cycle-related genes, such as CYCLINB1;1 and TCP4 [17,18]. An miR396-GRF-GIF regulatory network has also been reported to regulate growth, development and abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis [19,20]. Overexpression of miR396 in Arabidopsis reduces the accumulation of GRF7 [19,21]. GRF7 directly represses DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN2A (DREB2A) and other genes that are up-regulated in response to abscisic acid; these genes enhance tolerance of dehydration and high-salinity conditions in Arabidopsis plants . Given that a single miRNA often targets multiple genes to regulate diverse biological processes, identifying and manipulating key miRNAs is considered a potential strategy to improve agronomic traits of crop plants . Gene-editing technology has been applied to improve agronomic traits and we were interested in using this approach to manipulate key miRNAs and generate resources for breeding elite crop varieties. Here, we studied the individual functions of the eight members of the miR396 gene family in rice. We discovered that two members, miR396e and miR396f (miR396ef), regulate seed and panicle development. mir396ef mutants showed increases in grain size and panicle branching, which resulted in increased grain yield. Importantly, mir396ef mutations showed a more substantial increase in grain yield and above-ground biomass under conditions of nitrogen deficiency. We demonstrated that OsGRF4, OsGRF6 and OsGRF8 are the main targets of miR396ef and that miR396-GRF4/6/8-GIF1/2/3 modules regulate rice-grain and panicle development. Our work suggests that miR396ef is an attractive target for generating high-yield rice plants that are less dependent on nitrogen fertilization. miR396ef isoforms regulate grain development in rice Rice contains five different miR396 isoforms, encoded by eight genes (Fig. 1A). According to the plant miRNA database PmiREN (Plant miRNA ENcyclopedia, http://www.pmiren.com/), the family members MIR396e and f have the highest expression in reproductive tissues, such as inflorescence, florets and spikelets (Supplementary Table 1) [23,24]. MIR396c is also expressed in these reproductive tissues, but at a relatively lower level (Supplementary Table 1) [23,24]. To identify the miR396 isoforms that modulate rice-seed and panicle development, we used CRISPR-Cas9 and five sgRNA constructs to knock out the eight MIR396 members (Supplementary Fig. 1). miR396a–c and miR396e–f have the same mature sequences, respectively, and each group was targeted by one construct. Although miR396 d, g and h also have the same mature sequence, they are located on the complementary strands of different genes, and therefore were targeted by three different constructs to avoid functional disruptions of overlapping genes (Supplementary Fig. 1D). CRISPR lines with mutations in mature miR396 regions, which should disrupt function, were selected for further study. Unexpectedly, only mir396ef mutants exhibited grain-size phenotypes, whereas the remaining mir396 mutants displayed no differences compared with wild-type (WT) (Fig. 1B and Supplementary Figs 2 and 3). In addition, mir396abc triple mutants, mir396d and mir396g single mutants (with non-frameshift mutations in overlapping genes) and mir396h mutants exhibited no differences in morphological phenotypes compared to WT, including plant height (Supplementary Figs 2A and 3A, E and I), grain length, grain width (Fig. 1B and Supplementary Figs 2B and C and 3B, C, F, G, J and K) and panicle architecture (Supplementary Figs 2D and E and 3M and N). We also applied the short tandem target MIMICs (STTM) technology to block miR396ab functions (Supplementary Fig. 4A and E). The STTM-miR396 lines showed similar seed length, seed width and panicle branching compared with WT (Supplementary Fig. 4B–D). In contrast, compared with the WT, mir396ef mutants showed obvious increases in grain length, width and thickness (increased 8.46%, 7.95% and 8.16%, respectively) (Fig. 1B and C). The 1000-grain weight was also significantly increased in mir396ef (31.78 ± 0.55 g) compared to WT (25.12 ± 0.30 g) (Fig. 1D). We obtained many mir396ef double-mutant CRISPR lines with different genotypes, all of which displayed the same seed phenotypes, confirming the functions of MIR396ef during seed development (Fig. 1B and Supplementary Fig. 5A and B). We generated mir396abcef mutants by crossing mir396abc with mir396ef mutants, which showed similar grain length and width as mir396ef (Fig. 1B). The mature isoform of miR396ef was almost undetectable in mir396ef leaf and flower (Fig. 1E and F), indicating successful elimination of MIR396e and f. Due to the extremely high genome-editing efficiency at the mi396e and f target sites, we obtained only mir396ef double mutants. To obtain an mir396e single mutant, we designed an sgRNA to specifically disrupt MIR396e (Supplementary Fig. 6A and B). The grain length and width of mir396e mutants are 4.77% and 5.58% larger than the WT, respectively (Supplementary Fig. 6C and D). The seed phenotypes of mir396e are weaker than that of mir396ef double mutants (Supplementary Fig. 6C), suggesting that both MIR396e and MIR396f contribute to the grain-size development. We examined putative off-target loci for miR396abc and miR396ef target sequences and did not observe any mutations (Supplementary Fig. 7). These results indicate that both miR396e and f isoforms are involved in rice-grain development, although mir396f single mutants are needed to confirm the function of miR396f. mir396ef mutants display simultaneous increases in grain size and panicle branching The increased seed size of the mir396ef mutants was associated with a significantly enlarged grain husk, as demonstrated by both histological sectioning and scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 2O and P). The length and number of inner palea and lemma cells were significantly increased in the mir396ef grain husk compared with the WT (Fig. 2M and N). An MIR396e-promoter::GUS assay indicated that MIR396e was expressed in grain hull, spikelet, leaf and root (Supplementary Fig. 8), consistently with its regulation of grain-husk development. We found that mir396ef mutant plants (74.13 ±3.54 cm) were taller than the WT (69.33 ± 3.20 cm), though the tiller number was similar to WT (Fig. 2A–C). In addition, compared to the WT flag leaf, the mir396ef flag leaf was 32.8% longer but had the same width (Fig. 2D, G and H), resulting in an increased leaf area. The photosynthetic rates of the flag leaf showed no difference between the mir396ef and the WT in the paddy field (Supplementary Fig. 9). The unchanged photosynthetic rates with increased leaf area would enhance overall photosynthesis, perhaps leading to the seed increase in mir396ef mutants relative to WT. Rice grains grow on the panicle with numerous branches. Longer panicles and more panicle branches generally correlate with more grains. Compared to WT, mir396ef lines had longer panicles (20.55 ± 1.83 vs 17.93 ± 1.64 cm), more primary branches (8.8 ± 1.34 vs 7.33 ± 1.56) and higher grain numbers per panicle (77.82 ± 8.89 vs 72.35 ± 10.96) (Fig. 2E, F, I, J and K). However, the mir396ef panicles were partly enwrapped by the flag leaf, which affects the fertility and filling of the enwrapped panicle (Supplementary Fig. 10A–C). The phenotypes of mir396ef, including a longer flag leaf for enhanced photosynthesis, larger grain size for more grain weight and more grains per panicle, suggest that mir396ef could be valuable targets to increase grain yield. Our paddy-field plot-yield test revealed an approximately 4% increase in grain yield on conventional agricultural 270 kg ha−1 nitrogen fertilizer (Fig. 2L). Like WT mature pollens, mir396ef pollens were deeply stained by iodine–potassium iodide (I2-KI) and their fertility was not changed (Supplementary Fig. 10D–F). The yield increase of 396ef was below what we expected, perhaps due to a higher rate of empty grains in the mir396ef mutants than in WT (Supplementary Fig. 10C). We also tested grain-quality traits in the mir396ef mutants. The brown and polished grains of mir396ef mutants had a more ‘white splotch’ appearance compared with the WT-grain appearance (Supplementary Fig. 11A and B). The alkali-spreading value (gelatinization temperature) as well as the percentage and degree of chalkiness were increased (Supplementary Fig. 11C, D and F), whereas the gel consistency was decreased in the mir396ef mutants compared with the WT (Supplementary Fig. 11E). mir396ef mutants exhibit significantly increased grain yield under nitrogen-deficient conditions The miR396 target OsGRF4 confers increased nitrogen assimilation and biomass accumulation in rice . To investigate the response of miR396 to nitrogen treatments, we examined the expression of miR396 family members in seedlings grown in hydroponic culture either with or without nitrogen supply. We found that the levels of miR396f increased transiently in seedlings grown under nitrogen-deficient conditions, reaching a maximum at about 6 hours after exposure to nitrogen deficiency, then decreasing and returning to normal levels at about 24 hours (Supplementary Fig. 12). In contrast, miR396e expression did not change in response to nitrogen deficiency (Supplementary Fig. 12). Next, we examined the nitrogen assimilation of the mir396ef mutants at the rice-seedling stage. We found that seedlings from mir396ef plants had a significantly higher nitrogen content than those from WT plants, when grown in hydroponic culture either with or without nitrogen supply (Fig. 3A and B). Recently, Li et al. showed that OsGRF4 recognizes the GCGG core motif by ChIP-Seq; ChIP-PCR and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) confirmed that OsGRF4 associates with promoters that contain this motif and regulate genes involved in ammonia and nitrate metabolism, including GOGAT2, NIR1 and GS1.2, etc. . To determine whether genes involved in nitrogen assimilation and utilization are differentially expressed in mir396ef mutant and WT seedlings, we performed reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Specifically, we examined the expression of NIR1, NIR2, GOGAT2 and GS1.2, which encode enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation . We also examined the AMINO ACID PERMEASE genes (OsAAPs), which are nitrogen-use-efficiency-related genes that determine amino-acid delivery from source to sink in plants [25,26]. All of these genes we examined showed increased expression in mir396ef mutant seedlings compared to WT seedlings (Fig. 3C and D). These results suggest that MIR396ef is involved in nitrogen assimilation and utilization in rice. Next, we determined whether the improved nitrogen assimilation and utilization of mir396ef mutant plants affect growth and yield under nitrogen-deficient conditions. We found that mir396ef mutants grew substantially taller than WT plants when grown in hydroponic culture without nitrogen supply (Fig. 3A). Moreover, mir396ef plants showed a substantial yield increase (∼15%) compared with the WT under nitrogen-deficient conditions (0 kg ha−1 nitrogen fertilizer application) in the paddy field (Fig. 3E and F). The yield of mir396ef under low-nitrogen conditions was comparable to the yield of WT under normal nitrogen-fertilization conditions (Supplementary Table 2). Interestingly, mir396ef showed a 25% increase in above-ground dry biomass per plant under nitrogen-deficient conditions compared to WT plants (Fig. 3G). Regulation of grain size and branch length by an miR396ef-GRFs-GIFs module Twelve GRF transcription factors in rice harbor the miR396 target site . We found that only OsGRF4, OsGRF6 and OsGRF8 were up-regulated in mir396ef plants compared to WT (Fig. 4A). RLM-RACE (5′ RNA ligase mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends) analysis showed that miR396 could direct the cleavage of OsGRF4 and OsGRF6 mRNAs in vivo at a specific site within the miR396 pairing region with leaf samples (Supplementary Fig. 13A). Interestingly, in leaf samples, miR396 caused the cleavage of OsGRF8 mRNA at a site 118 bp downstream of the miR396 pairing region, and results of transient co-expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves are consistent with such a cleavage (Supplementary Figs 13A and 14). However, in flower samples, miR396 could direct the cleavage of OsGRF8 mRNA at the predicted miR396 pairing region (Supplementary Fig. 13A). To investigate whether miR396-mediated regulation of OsGRF4, OsGRF6 and OsGRF8 control seed and panicle development, we constructed miR396 target-resistant versions of OsGRF4, OsGRF6 and OsGRF8 (designated np:rGRF4, np:rGRF6 and np:rGRF8, respectively) (Fig. 4B) and introduced them into rice under the control of their respective native promoters. We found that np:rGRF4, np:rGRF6 and np:rGRF8 lines exhibited larger grain sizes than WT plants (Fig. 4C and Supplementary Fig. 13B–D), with np:rGRF4 showing the largest increase and np:rGRF6 showing the smallest increase (Fig. 4D and Supplementary Fig. 13B–D). Both np:rGRF6 and np:rGRF8 lines showed increased panicle lengths (Fig. 4E and F and Supplementary Fig. 13I), but their branching numbers remained unchanged compared to WT. The np:rGRF4 lines displayed similar panicle length and branching numbers to WT (Supplementary Fig. 13H). These results suggest that the miR396ef members regulate seed and panicle development by regulating their target genes OsGRF4, OsGRF6 and OsGRF8. GRFs have been shown to interact with transcription coactivators GIFs [12,20]. To uncover GIFs that interact with OsGRF4 and OsGRF6, we performed a yeast two-hybrid assay. We found that OsGIF1, OsGIF2 and OsGIF3 interacted with OsGRF4, and OsGIF3 also interacted with OsGRF6 (Fig. 5A). Biomolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays confirmed these interactions in tobacco leaves (Supplementary Fig. 15). The expression of OsGIF1 was significantly increased in mir396ef plants (Supplementary Fig. 16A). We used the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate gif1 mutants and observed the expected short-leaf phenotype (Supplementary Fig. 16B). osgif1 mutants also exhibited smaller plant stature and aborted seed phenotypes compared to WT (Supplementary Fig. 16B and C). These findings suggest that rice-seed and panicle development are regulated by the miR396ef-GRF4/6/8-GIF1/2/3 module. To further explore the function of miR396ef in plants, we used RNA-sequencing analysis to examine the transcriptomes of leaves and young spikelet tissues from mir396ef and WT plants. We detected 558 DEGs (differentially expressed genes, ratio > 1.5) in young spikelet tissues, but only 189 DEGs in leaves. We observed 314 and 127 up-regulated genes in mir396ef mutant spikelet and leaves, respectively, compared to WT. In addition, 244 and 62 genes were down-regulated in mir396ef mutant spikelet and leaves compared to WT, respectively (Supplementary Fig. 17A). We observed 15 DEGs encoding ‘nitrogen-related genes’ in leaves and enrichment analysis of the DEGs identified ‘nitrate ion transport and metabolism’ as the top annotated category (Fig. 5B and C). In addition, 26 DEGs were related to brassinonsteroid-induced genes and 21 DEGs were related to auxin signaling, consistently with auxin- and brassinosteroid-mediated regulation of spikelet number and grain size (Supplementary Fig. 18A and B) [12,15]. We confirmed the expression of key genes within brassinosteroid and auxin-signaling pathways by RT-qPCR (Supplementary Fig. 19A and B). We also observed increased expression of the cell-proliferation-related genes, two CYCLINB1;1 homologous genes and one TCP4 homologous gene, in mir396ef mutant, consistently with the increases in cell number (Supplementary Fig. 19C–E). Here, we investigated the role of the miR396 gene family in controlling grain yield in rice, with the goal of identifying targets and strategies for breeding elite crop varieties. The miR396 target gene OsGRF4 increases grain size by activating brassinosteroid responses , whereas the miR396 target gene OsGRF6 promotes panicle branching through the activation of several auxin biosynthesis factors . Thus, targeting miR396 itself would be expected to enhance both grain size and panicle branching. We examined the miR396 members by CRISPR/Cas9 editing (Fig. 1A and Supplementary Fig. 1) and found that mir396ef mutants showed the expected traits of increased grain size and panicle branching. It was reported that miR396b negatively regulates panicle branching by targeting OsGRF6, and STTM-miR396b plants showed increased panicle branching and grain yield . However, in our data, STTM-miR396ab lines showed unchanged panicle branching compared with the WT. This discrepancy may be caused by the different genetic backgrounds, since the reported STTM-miR396b lines were in the indica background whereas our STTM-miR396ab lines are in the japonica background. More recently, Miao et al. reported that mir396e single mutant rice had a similar grain size to the WT Xiushui 134. However, in our data, the grain length and width of mir396e mutants are larger than the WT Nipponbare, which may also be explained by the background difference. We found that mir396ef mutants have several beneficial traits relative to WT plants, including increased plant height (Fig. 2A and B), enhanced length of the flag leaves and panicles (Fig. 2D and E), increased primary branch and grain number in panicle (Fig. 2F, J and K) and increased grain size and weight (Fig. 1B–D). Furthermore, the cell length and cell number in the grain hull of mir396ef mutants are both increased, which enlarged the sink size. Just as in OsGRF4-overexpression grains, the mir396ef mutant showed decreased grain quality because of increased chalkiness (Supplementary Fig. 11), which could be offset by alleles of high-quality genes . miR396 attenuates cell proliferation in developing leaves and negatively regulates leaf growth in Arabidopsis thaliana [17,27]. We found that mir396ef mutant rice plants also showed an obvious increase in leaf length. In addition, the np:rGRF4, np:rGRF6 and np:rGRF8 lines all exhibited increased leaf length and enwrapped panicles (Supplementary Fig. 13E–G). The np:rGRF4 plants are obviously shorter than the WT, perhaps because the np:rGRF4 panicles were severely enwrapped by the flag leaf (Supplementary Fig. 13E). The significant increases in the source leaves of mir396ef mutants could explain the increased grain yield and biomass. Although the grain yield of mir396ef mutants was only 4.0% greater than that of WT in test plots with normal nitrogen fertilization (Fig. 2L), it was 15.0% greater in natural paddy fields without nitrogen fertilization (Fig. 3E and F). Further, the above-ground biomass of mir396ef mutant plants was 25.0% more than that of WT plants under nitrogen-deficient conditions (Fig. 3G). These results suggest that mir396ef mutations cause enhanced nitrogen utilization, consistently with increased OsGRF4 function, which has been shown to balance the inhibitory activities of DELLA to promote and integrate nitrogen assimilation, carbon fixation and growth (Fig. 3C and D) . This notion is supported by our discovery that nitrogen transport and metabolism genes are up-regulated in mir396ef mutants (Fig. 5B and C). OsGRF4 and OsGRF6 have been reported as targets of miR396ef. Based on expression and mRNA cleavage studies, we uncovered OsGRF4, OsGRF6 and OsGRF8 as major targets of miR396ef (Fig. 4A and Supplementary 13A). Plants expressing miR396ef-resistant versions of target genes, np:rGRF4, np:rGRF6 and np:rGRF8, all exhibited larger grain size to varying degrees, with the largest increase in np:rGRF4. However, the panicle length and branching numbers of np:rGRF4 were unchanged compared to WT (Fig. 4C and D and Supplementary Fig. 13E). Panicle lengths were increased in np:rGRF6 and np:rGRF8 (Fig. 4E and F), but branching numbers were unaffected (Supplementary Fig. 13H and I). In summary, we did not observe synchronous increases in grain size and panicle branching in np:rGRF4, np:rGRF6 and np:rGRF8 plants. These data suggest that the seed-size and panicle-length improvement of mir396ef mutants is due to the combined functions of OsGRF4, OsGRF6 and OsGRF8. We found that GIFs OsGIF1, OsGIF2 and OsGIF3 interact with OsGRF4, and OsGIF3 also interacts with OsGRF6 (Fig. 5A). Knockout of OsGIF1 led to an expected short-leaf phenotype, suggesting that miR396ef-GRFs-GIFs modules directly control the development of seeds, panicles and leaves in rice. Previous studies demonstrated that miR396 regulates seed and panicle development through brassinosteroid and auxin-signaling pathways [12,15] and our RNA-seq data revealed an altered expression of many brassinosteroid-induced genes and auxin-signaling genes in the mir396ef mutant (Supplementary Fig. 18). We also found that np:rGRF4 and np:rGRF6 have enlarged leaf angles, exhibited as losing plant structure, which are typical phenotypes of brassinosteroid pathway mutants, such as m107 and Gi-2 . These data suggest that miR396ef might influence rice architecture by activating brassinosteroid responses. Taken together, our findings reveal that manipulation of miR396ef can simultaneously improve grain size and panicle branching. miR396ef thus represents a promising target to increase grain size and grain yield, especially in nitrogen-deficient environments, which might help breeders develop environmentally friendly elite rice varieties. Materials and methods Plant materials and growth conditions The rice variety Nipponbare (Oryza. Sativa L. spp. Japonica, var Nipponbare) was used in this study. Rice plants were cultivated under field conditions at two different experimental stations located in Shanghai (30°N, 121°E) and Lingshui (Hainan Province, 18°N, 110°E). The phytotron, with a 30/24 ± 1°C day/night temperature, 50%–70% relative humidity and a light/dark period of 14 hours/10 hours was used to culture rice seedlings. Nitrogen-deficiency response assay Nitrogen deficiency in hydroponic culture conditions was modified from previous work . Seeds were disinfected in 20% sodium hypochlorite solution for 20 min, thoroughly washed with deionized water and then germinated in a dish with sterilized water. The germinated grains were then selected and transplanted to PVC culture pots that contained hydroponic nutrient solution (0.5 mM NaH2PO4, 0.75 mM K2SO4, 1 mM CaCl2, 1.667 mM MgSO4, 40 μM Fe-EDTA (Na), 19 μM H3BO3, 9.1 μM MnSO4, 0.15 μM ZnSO4, 0.16 μM CuSO4 and 0.52 μM (NH4)3Mo7O24, pH 5.5) with or without 1.25 mM NH4NO3. All nutrient solutions were changed every 2 days. The temperature was maintained at 30°C day and 24°C night, and the relative humidity was 70% in phytotron. The CRISPR-Cas9 vectors targeting MIR396abc, MIR396d, MIR396ef, MIR396g, MIR396h, MIR396e and OsGIF1 were constructed as previously described and the oligos used are listed in Supplementary Table 3. To construct the miR396-resisitant vectors for OsGRF4, OsGRF6 and OsGRF8, the genomic sequences of OsGRF4, OsGRF6 and OsGRF8, fused with the OsGRF4 promoter, OsGRF6 promoter and OsGRF8 promoter, respectively, were amplified and the synonymous mutations were introduced in the miR396 target sequences. All the vectors described above were used to transform rice Nipponbare by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated methods. Phenotyping and histological experiments Plant materials were photographed using a Canon EOS7D digital camera and observed using an OLYMPUS BX53 microscope. Grain size was analysed using an SC-A grain analysis system (Wseen Company, China). Young rice grains were collected and fixed overnight at 4°C in FAA (50% ethanol, 10% formalin and 5% acetic acid) solution and dehydrated in a graded ethanol series. The samples were then embedded in Technovit 7100 resin (Hereaus Kulzer) and made into 2-μm sections using a Leica RM 2265 programmable rotary microtome (Leica Microsystems). After being stained with 0.05% Toluidine Blue, transverse sections were photographed using an OLYMPUS BX53 microscope. Dehydrated grain-husk samples were stocked on the copper stub and sputter-coated with gold-palladium. The seed samples were examined under a scanning electron microscope, JSM-6360LV. Cell number and cell length in the outer parenchyma layer of the spikelet hulls were measured using the OLYMPUS stream software. Total RNA was isolated using the Trizol Reagent (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. About 40 μg of total RNA from leaves and flowers were analysed on a denaturing 19% polyacrylamide gel, transferred to Nytran Super Charge Nylon Membranes (Schleicher & Schuell BioScience) and cross-linked using a Stratagene UV Crosslinker. DNA oligonucleotides complementary to different sequences of miRNAs were synthesized and labeled with [32P]-γ-ATP (PerkinElmer) using T4 polynucleotide kinase (TaKaRa). The membranes were pre-hybridized with PerfectHyb (Sigma) hybridization solution and then hybridized with the labeled probes. After several times of washing, the membranes were autoradiographed using an X-ray film (Carestream, X-OMAT BT Film). For RNA loading, 18S and 5S rRNAs were used as controls. The probe sequences are listed in Supplementary Table 3. Plants of the WT and mir396ef were grown in Shanghai paddy fields under natural conditions. The area per plot was 2.0 × 2.0 m and 100 plants were cultivated in each plot with planting density of 20 × 20 cm. The nitrogen fertilizer was 270 kg ha−1 in the control field, whereas the nitrogen-deficient fields were without nitrogen fertilizer. Plants were irrigated with river water. RNA extraction and RT-qPCR and stem-loop PCR Total RNA was isolated from roots, leaves and flowers from different developmental stages of rice plants. The RNA extraction followed the method mentioned above. After being treated with RNase-free DNase I (Promega), total RNA (1 μg) was reverse transcribed using the TransScript II One-Step gDNA Removal and cDNA Synthesis SuperMix kits (TransGen Biotech). The reverse-transcription products were used as templates for RT-qPCR performed on a CFX96 real-time PCR system (Bio-Rad) using SYBR Premix Taq (TransGen Biotech) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. ACTIN1 was used to normalize gene expression and OsU6 was used in microRNA expression. Relative expression levels were measured using the 2–ΔΔCt analysis method. The primers used in RT-qPCR or stem-loop RT-qPCR are listed in Supplementary Table 3. Transient expression assays in N. benthamiana leaves The CDS of OSGIF1, OsGIF2 and OsGIF3 were fused in frame with nYFP (yellow fluorescent protein) sequence. The CDS of OsGRF4, OsGRF6 and OsGRF8 were fused in frame with cYFP sequence. nYFP-OsGIF1, nYFP-OsGIF2, nYFP-OsGIF3, cYFP-OsGRF4, cYFP-OsGRF6 and cYFP-OsGRF8 constructs were transformed into Agrobacteria. These stains containing nYFP and cYFP plasmids were co-infiltrated into leaves of N. benthamiana. YFP signals were detected by confocal microscopy LSM800 (ZEISS). The full-length and C-terminal deletion cDNAs of OsGRF8 were fused in frame with eGFP (enhancer Green Fluorescent Protein) sequence and driven by the 35S promoter. The stem-loop sequences of miR396e and miR396f were cloned and inserted after the 35S promoter. nYFP-OsGIF1, nYFP-OsGIF2, nYFP-OsGIF3, cYFP-OsGRF4, cYFP-OsGRF6, cYFP-OsGRF8, 35S::GRF8-eGFP, 35S::GRF8(1–574)-eGFP, 35S::GRF8(1–694)-eGFP, 35S::miR396e and 35S::miR396f constructs were transformed into Agrobacteria. These stains were co-infiltrated into leaves of N. benthamiana. YFP and GFP signals were detected by confocal microscopy LSM800 (ZEISS). Yeast two-hybrid assay The prey vector pGADT7 and bait vector pGBKT7 were used in the yeast two-hybrid assay. Full-length cDNAs of OSGIF1, OsGIF2, OsGIF3, OsGRF4, OsGRF6 and OsGRF8 were amplified and separately cloned into pGADT7 and pGBKT7. The prey and bait plasmids were co-transformed into the yeast AH109 strain and grew on SD-Leu-Trp solid media (Clontech). The strains were transferred to the SD-Ade-His-Leu-Trp solid media to test the interactions between prey and bait. RLM-RACE was performed with the FirstChoice™ RLM-RACE Kit (Ambion). In general, total RNA was extracted from samples and the first and second PCRs were performed, with the primers of OsGRF4/6/8-inner and OsGRF4/6/8-outer (Supplementary Table 3), respectively. The products from the second PCR were purified by agarose gel electrophoresis and then cloned for sequencing. For OsGRF4 and OsGRF6, leaf samples were used in these experiments. For OsGRF8, flower samples were also used in these experiments. Total RNA was extracted using the RNeasy Plant mini Kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Two independent replicates were used for each sample. The cDNA synthesis, purification and labeling were then performed following the standard protocols. The RNA-seq data were analysed with TopHat and Cufflinks software. Genes with at least 1.5-fold up- and down-regulation in the mir396ef plants compared with those in WT plants were considered as DEGs. Net photosynthetic rate measurements The net photosynthetic rate was measured using an LI-6400XT (LICOR Biosciences) at a light intensity of 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 and the reference CO2 concentration was 400 μmol mol−1. The measurement followed the method from the LI-6400XT manual. Two leaves were used in one measurement and placed side by side in order to fill the area of the measure room because the rice leaves were narrower than the diameter of the measure room. The net photosynthetic rate was calculated and recorded by the machine. All experiments were conducted with at least five replicates. This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB27040101 to J.-K.Z.), Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant of China (2017 M621553 to J.Z.), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31801016 to J.Z. and 31871223 to H.Z.) and Shanghai Pujiang Program (18PJ1411000 to H.Z.). J.Z., Z.Z., J.B., X.T. and L.W. performed the experiments and analysed the data. J.-K.Z. and H.Z. supervised the project, designed the research and participated in data analysis. J.Z., H.Z. and J.-K.Z. wrote the paper. Conflict of interest statement. None declared. Equally contributed to this work.

agronomy

http://www.greentree-landscapes.com/?p=46

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What is grass-cycling? Grass-cycling is the practice of recycling your lawn’s grass clippings by leaving them on your lawn instead of raking or bagging them for disposal. The shredded clippings then decompose and return moisture and nutrients to the lawn. By simply leaving the clippings on your lawn you can: reduce mowing time; save money; and reduce waste. You don’t need a special lawn mower to do grass-cycling. Just remove the grass catcher from your mower and you’re ready to grass-cycle. Just keep in mind the following tips: · Never cut more than 1/3 of the grass height in a single mowing, otherwise, you’ll end up with messy clumps of grass clippings on the lawn. Adjust you mower blade height to approximately 3”—4” for summer mowing. The height may be lowered to about 2” for spring and fall mowing. Keeping your grass height higher also has the effect of shading out weeds in the lawn. · Mow when the grass is dry. This will help avoid clumps of grass being left on the lawn. · NOTE: If you do have a wet or taller growing patch of lawn and your mower leaves grass clumps behind, mow over the clippings a second time to further shred them. · Keep your mower blade sharp. A dull blade will tear the grass blades and leave ragged edges that will appear brownish. JUST THINK: A typical 40-foot by 100-foot lawn (4,000 square feet) produces about 1,200 pounds – nearly 50 bags – of grass clippings each year!!! Think of the time, money, and effort it takes to bag all those clippings. Why go through all that hassle when it’s not necessary? Start grass-cycling now.

agronomy

https://patriciagrieco.ca/growing-green-thumbs-why-kids-should-get-their-hands-dirty-in-the-garden/

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In today’s fast-paced digital world, it’s more important than ever to connect kids with nature. One fantastic way to do this is by teaching them about gardening. Gardening offers a host of benefits for children, like teaching responsibility, patience, and a deeper love for the environment. In this blog post, we’ll explore why teaching kids about gardening is so important and how it can positively shape their lives. Nurturing Environmental Heroes Gardening is a fantastic way to instill a sense of environmental stewardship in young minds. By getting involved in gardening, children learn about the significance of plants, their role in the ecosystem, and how they benefit us all. Understanding how everything in nature is connected helps children feel responsible for taking care of the environment. Who knows, they might even grow up to be the future superheroes saving our planet! Planting Healthy Habits Gardening gets kids off the couch and into the fresh air, giving them an opportunity to be active and healthy. Digging, watering, and caring for plants are all forms of exercise that keep their bodies moving. Plus, spending time outside exposes them to sunlight, which helps their bodies produce vitamin D for strong bones and a strong immune system. Growing their own fruits and vegetables also encourages kids to make healthier food choices. When they see how much effort goes into growing food, they’re more likely to appreciate fresh, organic produce and make it a part of their diet. It’s a win-win for their health and taste buds! Cultivating Patience and Responsibility Gardening teaches children the virtues of patience and responsibility. They learn that plants need time, care, and love to grow and produce flowers or fruits. This understanding helps them develop patience, perseverance, and a sense of pride when they see their hard work pay off. Taking care of a garden also teaches kids to be responsible. Giving them tasks like watering or weeding helps them understand the importance of looking after something outside of themselves. This sense of responsibility can extend beyond the garden and positively influence their behavior and relationships with others. Learning through Fun and Adventure Gardening is an exciting and hands-on way for kids to learn about science. They can explore plant life cycles, how photosynthesis works, and why soil and sunlight are essential for plants to thrive. It’s like having a real-life science experiment right in their backyard! In addition to scientific knowledge, gardening teaches practical skills. Kids learn how to plan, organize, solve problems, and make decisions as they choose plants, prepare the soil, and deal with garden pests. These skills are valuable for life and help children become more independent and capable individuals. In a world where children are becoming increasingly disconnected from nature, gardening is a powerful tool to help them reconnect. It’s not just about growing plants; it’s about nurturing environmental heroes, fostering healthy habits, cultivating patience and responsibility, and providing fun learning experiences. By introducing kids to the joys of gardening, we equip them with essential skills and values that will positively shape their lives and contribute to a greener, more sustainable future. So let’s grab our shovels, get our hands dirty, and sow the seeds of curiosity, responsibility, and love for the environment in our children’s hearts. Together, we can cultivate a generation of green thumbs!

agronomy

https://preprod.mercurynews.com/2019/01/23/big-gilroy-farm-operation-closes-but-annual-pumpkin-park-event-survives/

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SAN MARTIN — Blaming market conditions, one of Santa Clara County’s largest family-owned farm operations is going out of business, though its most popular attraction — the fall Pumpkin Patch festival — will continue to offer the usual hayrides as well a chance to blast apart the orange orbs with an air gun. About 50 full-time employees and 250 seasonal workers will lose their jobs as family-owned Uesugi Farms winds down operations in more than 5,000 acres in California, Arizona and Mexico, where it grows cabbage, corn, pumpkins and peppers. But the company Wednesday announced it would continue to operate the annual festival from Sept. 28 through Halloween on Monterey Road in San Martin. “The Pumpkin Patch is going to be open this fall,” said Uesugi’s general manager, Pete Aiello, whose father Joe Aiello bought the operation nearly 40 years ago. The festival includes a pyramid of about 4,000 pumpkins, a petting corral, carousel and corn maze, as well as train and pony rides. Pete Aiello declined to comment on the circumstances that drove the family to make the 2018 season its last. But he said the company was not declaring bankruptcy, though a bank was helping handle the sale of much of its machinery. “We’re still winding down the situation,” he said. A source familiar with the operation said the costs of renting the land, buying fuel, pumping water and paying field hands had eaten up profits to the point where it was no longer feasible to continue. “They quit because they had to, not because they wanted to,” the source said. A recent statement on Uesugi’s website said that “due to market conditions and factors outside of its control,” the company would “wind down” its operations once the current harvest season ends. “Uesugi’s priority is to maximize the value of its assets and implement plans to work with customers, vendors, lenders, employees and others to obtain the best outcome possible for all its stakeholders,” according to the posting. Despite such market forces, about 20,000 acres in Santa Clara County remain under cultivation by other farmers and the local county Farm Bureau has about 300 active members. While the annual Gilroy Garlic Festival draws thousands every season, the most common crops in the county are actually peppers, including bells and jalapenos, and cherries, wine grapes, lettuce and tomatoes, said bureau president Paul Mirassou of B & T Farms. Mushrooms were the top single crop with a market value of $74 million in 2017, according to the most recent Farm Bureau report.

agronomy

https://honeybythebay.com/blogs/news/sustainable-apiaries-in-san-francisco-bay-area-where-local-honey-and-beeswax-magic-flourish

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In the bustling metropolis of San Francisco, nestled within the scenic beauty of the Bay Area, lies a thriving community of beekeepers cultivating sustainable apiaries. These apiaries not only produce delectable local honey but also offer an array of beeswax products, including luxurious hand creams and all-natural cosmetics. Join us as we delve into the enchanting world of apiaries, exploring the wonders of beekeeping, sustainability, and the magical benefits of beeswax. Local Honey - Nature's Golden Nectar Nothing compares to the rich and diverse flavors of local honey, and San Francisco Bay Area's apiaries boast some of the finest varieties. The region's diverse floral landscapes allow bees to collect nectar from a wide range of plants, resulting in unique honey flavors that reflect the essence of the area. From the delicate floral notes of lavender to the robust undertones of wildflowers, each jar of local honey tells a story of its origin. San Francisco: A Paradise for Sustainable Beekeeping San Francisco's commitment to sustainability extends to its vibrant beekeeping community. Embracing organic and eco-friendly practices, local beekeepers prioritize the well-being of their bees and the environment. With vast green spaces and abundant wildflowers in parks and gardens, the city provides an ideal haven for bees to thrive and contribute to the local ecosystem. Beeswax Magic: Hand Creams and Cosmetics Beyond the sweetness of honey, beeswax takes center stage in the realm of beauty and skincare. Local apiaries produce high-quality beeswax, which serves as a base for luxurious hand creams and natural cosmetics. Rich in natural emollients and antioxidants, beeswax hand cream nourishes and softens the skin, leaving it silky-smooth and revitalized. Similarly, beeswax cosmetics, free from harmful chemicals, offer a gentle and sustainable option for conscious beauty enthusiasts. A Hobby with a Purpose Beekeeping has emerged as more than just a hobby; it is an essential endeavor in promoting biodiversity and preserving our ecosystem. As beekeepers tend to their hives, they contribute to the vital pollination process, ensuring the flourishing of plants and agricultural crops. Engaging in beekeeping becomes a fulfilling and purposeful journey of coexistence with nature. The sustainable apiaries of San Francisco Bay Area offer a fascinating glimpse into the world of beekeeping, local honey production, and the enchanting realm of beeswax products. Supporting these local beekeepers not only allows us to savor the sweetness of nature through local honey but also grants us access to natural and eco-friendly beeswax hand creams and cosmetics. As we immerse ourselves in this rewarding hobby, we contribute to the preservation of bees and the environment, making a positive impact on the planet and our lives. Embrace the magic of apiaries, where the wonders of sustainability and the charm of bees converge harmoniously.

agronomy

https://goatsinthecity.ca/services

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At Goats in the City, we offer a comprehensive range of target grazing services designed to address your urban vegetation management needs while promoting sustainability and biodiversity. Our innovative approach, using goats as natural grazers, provides numerous benefits compared to traditional methods. Here is an overview of our services: Invasive Plant Control: Invasive plants can rapidly spread and dominate urban landscapes, impacting native species and compromising ecosystem health. Our goats are expert grazers, selectively targeting and consuming invasive plants, such as kudzu, poison ivy, and multiflora rose. By employing goat target grazing, we effectively control and reduce the presence of these invasive species, restoring balance to the ecosystem. Selective Grazing: One of the remarkable advantages of goat target grazing is their ability to selectively graze. Unlike machinery or chemical herbicides, goats have a natural inclination to prefer certain plants while avoiding others. This enables us to specifically target unwanted vegetation while preserving desirable native plants. Our goats graze with precision, promoting the growth and proliferation of diverse, resilient plant communities. Habitat Restoration: Urban habitats often suffer from degradation and loss of biodiversity. Our target grazing services contribute to habitat restoration by revitalizing degraded areas. By selectively grazing on invasive plants and promoting the growth of native species, we create healthier ecosystems that support a wider range of wildlife, including birds, pollinators, and other beneficial insects. Site Assessment: We understand that each site is unique, with its specific vegetation challenges. Our experienced team conducts thorough site assessments to evaluate the condition of your land, identify target grazing goals, and develop a tailored plan to address your specific needs. This ensures an effective and efficient grazing strategy that maximizes results. Ongoing Maintenance Plans: Vegetation management is an ongoing process. We offer customized ongoing maintenance plans to ensure the long-term health and sustainability of your landscape. Our team will work with you to create a maintenance schedule that suits your requirements, providing regular grazing sessions to keep invasive plants in check and maintain the desired vegetation balance. Educational Programs: At Goats in the City, we believe in the power of education and community engagement. We offer educational programs tailored for schools, organizations, and community events. Our programs provide valuable insights into the benefits of goat target grazing, sustainable land management practices, and the importance of biodiversity conservation in urban environments. Engage and inspire your community while learning about sustainable solutions. By choosing our target grazing services, you can enjoy several advantages. These include reduced reliance on machinery and chemical herbicides, improved soil health through natural fertilization, cost-effectiveness compared to traditional methods, and the opportunity to actively contribute to urban conservation efforts. Join us in embracing a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to vegetation management. Contact us today for a site assessment, ongoing maintenance plan, or to learn more about our educational programs. Together, let's create healthier, greener, and more vibrant urban landscapes. We are always looking for innovative ways to enhance our target grazing services and provide the best possible outcomes for our clients. That's why we are thrilled to introduce our new Drone Assessment Service, utilizing advanced vegetation mapping technology to gather accurate property assessment information and assess the effectiveness of target grazing. With our drone-assisted assessments, we combine the power of aerial imagery and cutting-edge vegetation mapping technology to gain a comprehensive understanding of the vegetation coverage on your target grazing site. Here's how our Drone Assessment Service can benefit you: Accurate Property Assessment: Drones equipped with high-resolution cameras capture detailed aerial images of your site, providing an accurate depiction of the vegetation coverage and distribution. This information enables us to identify areas that require targeted grazing and assess the overall condition of the landscape. Data-Driven Decision Making: The captured imagery is then processed using advanced vegetation mapping technology. This technology analyzes the images and generates detailed vegetation maps, highlighting areas of concern, such as invasive plant hotspots or areas with low vegetation density. This data-driven approach empowers us to make informed decisions and develop precise grazing strategies tailored to your site's specific needs. Monitoring Grazing Effectiveness: After implementing target grazing, we can conduct subsequent drone flights to assess the effectiveness of our grazing efforts. By comparing before and after imagery, we can evaluate the changes in vegetation coverage, identify areas where the grazing has been successful, and pinpoint any areas that may require additional attention. Enhanced Efficiency and Precision: Our Drone Assessment Service enables us to gather valuable information in a highly efficient and precise manner. With drones, we can cover large areas quickly, reducing the time and resources needed for manual assessments. The detailed imagery and vegetation maps allow us to target specific areas with greater precision, optimizing the grazing process for maximum effectiveness. By incorporating drone technology into our target grazing services, we are able to provide a more comprehensive and data-driven approach to vegetation management. This ensures that our grazing strategies are tailored to your site's specific needs and that we achieve the desired outcomes effectively. Are you ready to experience the benefits of our Drone Assessment Service? Contact us today to learn more about how we can utilize advanced drone technology to assess your property, monitor grazing effectiveness, and optimize your urban conservation efforts. We are dedicated to raising awareness about sustainable land management practices and the importance of biodiversity conservation in urban environments. Our educational programs are designed to engage and inspire schools, organizations, and community events, providing valuable insights into the benefits of goat target grazing and sustainable solutions. Here's an overview of our educational programs: School Programs: We offer interactive and age-appropriate educational programs for students of all ages, from elementary schools to universities. Our knowledgeable team will visit your school and conduct engaging presentations, workshops, and demonstrations. Students will learn about the ecological benefits of goat target grazing, the importance of biodiversity conservation, and how sustainable land management practices can contribute to a greener future. Organization Workshops: We collaborate with organizations and groups interested in sustainable practices and environmental conservation. Our workshops are tailored to meet the specific needs and objectives of your organization. We can cover topics such as urban conservation, sustainable land management, and the role of goat target grazing in promoting biodiversity. These workshops provide valuable knowledge and practical insights that can be applied to your organization's initiatives. Community Events: We actively participate in community events, fairs, and festivals to engage with a wider audience and spread awareness about sustainable practices. Our presence at these events includes informative booths, interactive displays, and engaging activities for all ages. We strive to make learning about sustainable land management and goat target grazing a fun and memorable experience for everyone in the community. Demonstration Visits: We offer on-site demonstration visits, where interested groups can witness our goats in action and observe the benefits of goat target grazing firsthand. Our team will explain the grazing process, highlight the ecological impact, and answer any questions participants may have. These visits provide a unique opportunity to experience sustainable land management practices in action and learn from our team of experts. By participating in our educational programs, you can expect to gain a deeper understanding of sustainable land management, the vital role of biodiversity conservation, and the positive impact of goat target grazing on urban environments. Our programs are designed to inspire and empower individuals and communities to make environmentally conscious choices and contribute to a greener future. If you're interested in scheduling an educational program for your school, organization, or community event, please contact us. Together, let's learn, engage, and create a more sustainable and environmentally friendly world.

agronomy

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Belimo Releases New Dual Channel CO2 / Temperature Sensors Belimo Americas is excited to release the new dual channel CO2/temperature sensors with an increased range to 5000 ppm. The dual channel technology measures two-wave lengths split from a single light source. The sensor automatically takes a reading using the reference channel. Any change in the measurement indicates a change in the optics of the sensor. The sensors automatically adjusts the CO2 measurement when a change is detected to prevent drift. Manual calibration is not needed. High accuracy is maintained even in busy applications such as retail stores or hospitals. The CO2/temperature sensors features accurate, reliable readings available in degrees Fahrenheit (model 22DTC-5105) or Celsius (model 22DTC-1105). The new CO2/temperature dual channel sensors are ideally suited for applications requiring 24/7 hours of operation such as hospitals, retail stores, manufacturing, and indoor farming. “Greenhouses, indoor farming, and hydroponic growers have expressed their need to monitor CO2 and temperature levels accurately. CO2 levels are essential for maximizing plant growth. Our high accuracy CO2/temperature sensors provide the opportunity for grow farmers to really boost their profit while increasing plant yields and reducing cropping time,” states Eddie Kelley, Belimo Sensors Product Specialist. Belimo is the global market leader in the development, production, and marketing of field device solutions for controlling heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. Actuators, control valves, and sensors make up the company’s core business. Known for its direct-coupled actuator and innovations in pressure independent control valve technology, Belimo has solutions to maintain an efficient building environment. For 40 years, Belimo has provided innovations in comfort, energy efficiency, and safety solutions to customers through the world, all of which are backed by Belimo’s unsurpassed five-year warranty. For more information, contact Belimo at 1-800-543-9038 or visit the website at www.belimo.us. For additional information, contact Lisa Hickey at 203.749.3341 or email at Lisa.Hickey@us.belimo.com.

agronomy

https://spot.sustainableharvest.com/products/coocentral

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Coocentral’s Mujeres Cafeteras (Women’s Coffee) program started from an initiative to teach and empower 300 women coffee growers in the municipalities of Garzón, Pital, and El Agrado. Through Best Agricultural Practices training, the women learn technical skills in coffee harvesting, fermentation, and drying that they use to develop a differentiated cup profile with added value. Located at altitudes between 1,200 and 2,000 meters above sea level, the farms produce coffee throughout the year. Nearly 700 hectares of farmland are planted with Caturra (54%) and other Colombian varieties (46%). Location: Garzón, Huila, Colombia Elevation: 1,200-2,000 masl Harvest Months: October - December Shipping months: May - July Number of Members: 584

agronomy

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Possessing your very own garden can be a relaxing and satisfying way to increase the appearance of your property and give pleasure to all who view it. You can adhere to these suggestions to aid you on your way to making a stunning garden. You will be certain to appreciate the time expended admiring your yard. Start off your crops in containers before transferring them to the yard. This raises the likelihood that your crops will endure to adulthood. This also will help tighten time between plantings. As shortly as the mature crops are taken out, you can replace them with clean seedlings. Planting a bare-root rose. Bare-root roses are greatest planted at the commencing of their dormant period to lessen the shock of transplanting. If the roots search dry, soak them in a bucket of h2o for a handful of several hours before planting. Take away diseased or broken stems, and trim any thick roots by a 3rd. 8 foot metal garden bridge Area the rose in a freshly dug gap, spreading out the roots and examining that the bud union is marginally previously mentioned floor amount. Backfill with soil and h2o extensively. Plant veggies and flowers that are native to your regional region. These plants will develop better with significantly less operate than crops that are not native. Also, indigenous plants will not likely need much extra watering, as they will normally adapt to the quantity of rain typical to that area. This will also lessen your require for pesticides and fertilizers, given that the vegetation will be in a position to deal with the soil and pests in your spot. Know what grows in your location. When you see the vast range of seed packets supplied online, it is straightforward to get sucked into the concept of developing almost everything and anything! In truth, though, only some of them may possibly flourish in your regional environment. Research up on your region and what crops can survive. The use of natural crops can make a garden with out any perform. Many crops will self seed and expand a perpetual crop without any perform at all. Butternut squash, pumpkins, and cilantro will grow and self seed increasing new crops 12 months following calendar year with practically no function and turn out to be a long lasting garden feature. Grow them in locations these kinds of as the compost pile or together fences for greatest results. Not only is gardening a great way to grow your very own food, but you can also develop your very own consume. You can grow apple mint to make a delicious tea or rhubarb stalk to make a tart substitute to lemonade. You should also can or freeze your berries and fruits to make them into soda, challenging cider, or wines. To destroy off aphids on rose crops, spray them with a powdered milk and drinking water combination (one/three cup powdered milk to one particular quart drinking water). When the combination is sprayed, the aphids get caught in the liquid and at some point die. Each couple of months spray down the roses with drinking water to rinse off the mixture and reapply it if needed. Put on comfortable footwear and garments when gardening. Never work in the yard in bare feet or sandals. Put on shoes that lace up and give great cushioning and arch support. If it is hot and sunny out, use a hat to shade from the solar and clothing that will safeguard the pores and skin from burning. The much more comfortable you are, the far more you will get pleasure from your garden. Use scale, shade and texture in your backyard to boost interest. Use crops of distinct heights, placing tiny ones in front and tall kinds in the back again. Incorporate a few crops that have deep maroon leaves, which seems great next to greenery. Plant a tree or shrub that alterations to oranges and golds in autumn, and combine small-leafed plants with bigger-leafed or spiky crops, these kinds of as agave. When you acquire seeds for your backyard garden, be certain to purchase seeds that are labeled "qualified natural." This makes certain that your plants will be natural through their lifespan and that the seeds you are getting are not contaminated with chemical fertilizers or pesticides. View out for labels, this kind of as "genetically engineered" or any mention of "all-natural" that does not contain the phrase "certified organic and natural." Sometimes when you are growing vegetables or fruits, it can be beneficial to lower off freshly fashioned buds or other non-fruit bearing regions. This will encourage the expansion of heavier fruit simply because the plant re-routes nutrients to in which its expansion should be navigating. When using care your yard, it truly is critical to make the distinction between harvesting the plant, or encouraging its development. When commencing your own organic and natural yard, you need to always make sure you moisten your mix that is in the containers prior to you sow the seeds. If your blend is not moist, it will dry out. This could trigger your plant to die before it is offered a chance to grow. When expanding your personal natural vegetation, you should go your seedlings absent from any air vents or radiators quickly upon germination. This is due to the fact your seedlings do not need to be truly warm like germinating seeds do. They require to be cooler in get for them to expand in the very best way. Use a soaker hose to h2o your yard. A soaker hose permits the drinking water to be absorbed right in to the soil, fairly than disbursed in to the air. This will help to conserve h2o, a valuable resource. Plant leaves also keep dry, which implies you get to keep away from pesky fungus issues. To control weeds in your backyard garden without employing chemical herbicides about your organic crops, mulch between rows with bark, thoroughly clean straw, mulch-coated newspapers, or sawdust from untreated wooden. Beware of using anything to mulch or fertilize that may possibly contain seeds that can include much more weeds, such as grass clippings or clean manure. The tips in this post are created to support you in creating the garden you want in your property. By utilizing these suggestions, you will be nicely on your way to getting the garden you wish to have. Your neighbors are certain to recognize the visual attraction it adds to the neighborhood.

agronomy

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The project is a Rural Innovation Group (EIP), with participating researchers from the Molecular Plant Biology unit of the Department of Biochemistry and from the Department of Future Technologies. In addition, local farmers and a local drone service company participate in the project. We develop methods for field imaging and for automatic analysis of the images. The fields under investigation are located in the Nousiainen-Mynämäki area near the village of Valpperi. For more information, please contact Esa Tyystjärvi (mailto: email@example.com). Department of Biochemistry / Molecular plant biology Department of Future Technologies

agronomy

https://masseyfergusonindia.com/newsroom/tafe-announces-free-tractor-rental-scheme-for-the-second-year-in-a-row-to-support-small-farmers-of-rajasthan-as-covid-relief

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TAFE Announces Free Tractor Rental Scheme for the Second Year in a Row to Support Small Farmers of Rajasthan as COVID Relief June 02, 2021 | Rajasthan: TAFE - Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited, the world’s third largest tractor manufacturer, in a continuing effort to support the farming community and the Government amidst the second wave of the COVID surge, announced its ‘Free Tractor Rental Scheme’ to support the small farmers of Rajasthan during this critical cropping season. This is the second year in a row that TAFE has offered this unique and much popular free tractor rental scheme. Over 1 Lakh Hours of free rental service, cultivating over 70,100 acres for small and marginal farmers was provided in Rajasthan alone, and over 213,500 acres were cultivated for free across India last year. This scheme is available from June 1 – July 31, 2021, for a period of 60 days in all the districts of Rajasthan. TAFE will offer over 41,800 Massey Ferguson and Eicher Tractors along with 116,700 implements, on a “free-of-cost” rental basis to small farmers owning 1 hectare or less. TAFE’s Chairman and Managing Director - Mallika Srinivasan said, “The Corona pandemic has disrupted functioning in rural areas at a critical time during the cropping cycle. Towards supporting farmers, we are happy to once again offer free-of-cost tractor rental services to the small and marginal farmers of the state. With the encouragement and support of the Rajasthan Government, TAFE will offer its Massey Ferguson and Eicher Tractors along with farm implements to support the farmers through this crucial cropping season. We thank the Hon’ble Chief Minister for his keen focus on the welfare of the farming community, and express our gratitude to the Hon’ble Agricultural Minister and the Department of Agriculture for extending their support towards this free tractor rental scheme.” Farmers can rent or hire tractors or farm implements using TAFE’s JFarmServices App or the toll-free helpline 1800-4200-100. The scheme will be implemented with the support of the Agriculture Department of Rajasthan and its district officials. About TAFE: tafe.com The world’s third largest tractor manufacturer and second largest in India by volumes with an annual sale of about 180,000 tractors; TAFE is one of the leading exporters of tractors from India with a turnover in excess of INR 10,000 Crores. TAFE manufactures a range of tractors, in both the air-cooled and water-cooled platforms, and markets them under its four iconic brands - Massey Ferguson, TAFE, Eicher, and the recently acquired Serbian tractor and agricultural equipment brand - Industrija Mašina i Traktora (IMT). Acclaimed for its quality and dependability, TAFE’s products and services are present in over 100 countries across the world, including developed countries in Europe and the Americas. Besides tractors and farm machinery, TAFE manufactures diesel engines, silent gensets, agro engines, batteries, hydraulic pumps and cylinders, gears and transmission components, and has business interest in vehicle franchises and plantations. TAFE is committed to the Total Quality Movement (TQM). In the recent past various manufacturing plants of TAFE have garnered numerous ‘TPM Excellence Awards’ from the Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance (JIPM), as well as a number of other regional awards for TPM excellence. TAFE became the first Indian tractor manufacturer to win the Frost & Sullivan Global Manufacturing Leadership Award in 2018, being recognized with the ‘Enterprise Integration and Technology Leadership Award’ and two ‘Supply Chain Leadership Awards’. In recognition of its outstanding contribution to engineering exports, TAFE has been named the ‘Star Performer – Large Enterprise (Agricultural Tractors)’ at the 40th Engineering Exports Promotion Council of India – Southern Region Awards (2015-16), for the 21st time in a row. TAFE has also been conferred the ‘Regional Contributor Award’ for quality supplies from Toyota Motor Company, Japan, and the ‘Manufacturing Supply Chain Operational Excellence - Automobiles Award’ at the second Asia Manufacturing Supply Chain Summit for its supply chain transformation in 2013. TAFE's tractor plants are certified under ISO 9001 for efficient quality management systems and under ISO 14001 for environment friendly operations. About 'JFarm' and 'JFarm Services': JFarmServices.in TAFE established JFarm India in Chennai, Tamil Nadu in 1964 with an objective of empowering farmers with advanced farm technologies to increase farm productivity and meet India’s growing food demands. Over the years, JFarm focuses on sustainable agriculture, adapting existing technologies in farming for local farming conditions and sharing this knowledge with farmers. JFarm Services is an initiative by TAFE to increase easy access to farm mechanization solutions through rental of tractors and farm equipment for small and large farms, localized weather forecast, latest mandi prices, agri-news alerts and advisory. Small and marginal farmers, who hold about 85% of the land holdings in India may not be able to afford ownership of tractors or implements. JFarm Services bridges this gap by connecting these farmers with tractor and equipment owners through its Farmer-2-Farmer platform. Farmers can explore and book nearby equipment through: https://bit.ly/JFSAppLite JFarm Services since its creation has impacted the lives of about 26 Lakh farmers across 16 states in India since its inception. Currently, JFarm Services (JFS) operates in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh (MP), Uttar Pradesh (UP), Haryana, Punjab, Maharashtra, Bihar, Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Assam - making farm mechanization viable and affordable to all.

agronomy

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Buy Farming Simulator 19 Platinum Expansion (DLC) Get a wealth of additional vehicles from new brand CLAAS to upgrade your Farming Simulator 19. The official expansion of Farming Simulator 19 brings a host of fresh content to extend and enrich your game! For the first time in franchise history, discover CLAAS, one of the world’s leading farming brands, and its new vehicles allowing you to expand a wide range of activities such as forage harvesting and baling. Over 35 faithfully reproduced vehicles and tools from CLAAS join the already huge garage of Farming Simulator 19, including the new LEXION 8900 combine harvester and its unique technology, the JAGUAR 960 TT forage harvester for effective silage, and the powerful XERION 5000 tractor. There are no reviews yet.

agronomy

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WaterPulse mats are ideally suited for Retailers and Growers WaterPulse provides custom-sized mats to sit on retail tables and trays. Our system injects water directly into the mats, and virtually eliminates the need for retail store associates to hand water plants in stores. Our Mass Flow mats are available in 4′ and 5′ widths, and can be cut to any length needed. Connected to a water source and timer, these mats provide the most efficient irrigation system to grow your crop.

agronomy

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Transform your yard into aN oasis with ROAR Our premium selection of bark mulch will breathe new life into your landscape, creating an enchanting ambiance that will leave your neighbors in awe. Sold by the cubic yard. All Products are subject to Mass State Sales Tax. Pricing subject to change without notice. Dark Walnut MIXTURE Elevate Your Landscape with Our Premium Bark Mulch: Enhance Beauty, Suppress Weeds, and Nurture Healthy Plants! - Enhanced Beauty: Premium bark mulch adds a touch of elegance to your landscape, providing a clean and polished look that instantly elevates the aesthetic appeal of your outdoor space. - Erosion Control: Premium bark mulch helps prevent soil erosion by acting as a protective layer that shields the soil from the impact of heavy rain and wind. This prevents loss of topsoil and preserves the integrity of your landscape, ensuring the longevity and stability of your plants and garden beds. - Moisture Retention: By acting as a protective layer, premium bark mulch helps to retain moisture in the soil, reducing water evaporation and promoting healthier plant growth. This feature is especially beneficial during hot and dry seasons. - Temperature Regulation: Premium bark mulch acts as an insulator, regulating soil temperature by keeping it cooler during hot summer months and warmer during colder seasons. This stable environment provides optimal conditions for root development and overall plant health. - Nutrient Enrichment: As premium bark mulch decomposes over time, it gradually releases valuable nutrients into the soil. This natural fertilization process enriches the soil, providing essential nourishment to plants and promoting their vitality and growth. - Weed Suppression: The dense composition of premium bark mulch forms a natural barrier against weeds, effectively suppressing their growth and reducing the need for constant weeding and maintenance.

agronomy

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CocoRoselle Organic Coconut sugar is low GI; much lower GI (35) than white sugar, brown sugar, molasses, maple syrup and honey. Coconut Sugar can be used as an alternative to other sugars. Great for baking, using in tea or coffee, or mixing with coconut oil to create an incredible body scrub. It contains important minerals such as copper, iron, magnesium, zinc and potassium and vitamins C and B1 (thiamine). Coconut Sugar is also known as coco sugar, coconut palm sugar, coco sap sugar or coconut blossom sugar. It is a palm sugar produced from the sap of the flower bud stem of the coconut palm. It has a mild caramel flavor, unlike any other natural sweetener. Compared to natural cane sugar, the sweetness is somewhat less pronounced and the flavour is more floral. 100% organic coconut sugar. Made from evaporated wild harvested, fresh organically grown coconut blossom sap. Free from artificial ingredients, preservatives, additives and extenders. Natural coconut sugars’ colour may vary depending on harvest season.

agronomy

https://www.beiselen.com/fertilizer/

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The fertilizer market belongs to the core competencies at Beiselen for more than 100 years. Due to this vast experience, an in-depth understanding of market needs, and our longstanding relationships with suppliers, our customers benefit from high reliability, comprehensive expert advice, professional handling and a high product quality. In addition to nitrogenous fertilizers, our products range from P and PK fertilizers, all potash products, as well as limestone from various production sites. Our renowned, predominantly West European, fertilizer suppliers continuously develop their products in close cooperation with the official bodies. This ensures that our fertilizer product portfolio always meets the latest technical and environmental requirements. In order to offer you the widest range of products possible, we complement our range with products obtained from Central and Southeast Europe, the Baltic States, the CIS and the Middle East. Our sales network, which covers entire Germany, in addition to a high availability of stock, guarantees our customers the best possible service at an individual and regional level. You can find an overview of all our storage and handling locations here.

agronomy

https://www.futureag.org.au/industry/career-profile/indsutry-opportunites1.html

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What is it? A farm manager overseas farm operation including livestock managment, crop cultivation, fruit and vegetable production and other agricultural enterprises. What will I do? Being a farm manager includes tasks such as preparing annual forecasts, budgets and other business plans. You would also monitor and maintain records of things like production, operating costs, inputs and market changes. Depending on the type of farm, you would be looking after animals, plants or both and preparing them for market. You would also be involved in the marketing and sale of your product. The farm manager also supervises other farm staff, ensures buildings and equipment are maintained and undertakes activities to ensure good environmental management. Is it right for me? If you like working outdoors, working with animals and plants, can work independently and have skills in planning, problem solving, technology use, communication, mechanics and organisation - then yes! How do I get there? There are many pathways to a job on a farm - you can do a traineeship, study agriculture at university or go straight into a job.

agronomy

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WELCOME TO POYNTON FRUIT FARM We are a family run pick your own fruit farm in Poynton, Cheshire. Level punnet (approx 1kg) level basket (approx 2.5kg) See what recent fruit pickers have had to say about our beautiful fruit farm! ”Came for our first visit today and had a fabulous time. We will certainly be back next season to pick some more delicious fruit and eat some gorgeous ice cream.JENNIFER MCINTYRE ”Visited the fruit farm today and had a great afternoon. The fruit was lovely, the ice cream was delicious and the staff were really friendly. We will visit again next season!TRACEY HOBSON ”We took our 3 year old girls to the farm today, staff are absolutely brilliant and so friendly, our girls loved it so much can't wait to come back!AMY LEEANN TAIT ”Lovely farm, friendly staff, great for family fruit picking and their ice cream is del-icious, should be much more than 5 stars.NICOLA AMBER ”Love this place, staff are really friendly and the fruit is amazing. You must try their home made icecream!CAT MELLOR

agronomy

https://www.shqp.gov.cn/english/news/20220811/956826.html

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Recently, CCTV news channel focused on Shanghai's efforts to promote the automation and intellectualization of vegetable production, and made a special report on efforts of Qingpu District's Chonggu Town to improve the mechanized production and intellectualization of green leafy vegetables. In the vegetable planting base in Chonggu Town's Xinfeng Village, more than ten varieties of green leafy vegetables are mainly planted in the greenhouse all-year round. Daily management and protection rely on automatic agricultural machinery, such as automatic dosing machine, automatic ridging machine, automatic seeder and automatic harvester. In the past, a greenhouse needed 10 people, but now it only needs one to two people, which not only reduces the planting cost, but also increases production and income. In the past, the average annual income of farmers was about 60,000 yuan (US$8,880) to 80,000 yuan, but now it has increased to 100,000 yuan to 120,000 yuan. Shanghai has established 27 agricultural machinery vegetable planting demonstration bases. By the end of last year, the planting area was more than 9,600 mu, and the average mechanization rate had reached 64 percent.

agronomy

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Sen. Rubio Explains Why He Didn't Support the Farm Bill U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Florida, released a statement Tuesday after voting against the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (the 2018 Farm Bill): “The farm bill released late last night fails to do what is necessary to protect farmers, working families, and taxpayers," Rubio said. "The conference committee had an opportunity to take the best provisions from both the Senate and House farm bills, but instead it appears to have combined the worst elements into legislation that I simply cannot support. "When I voted for the Senate Farm Bill, it was to advance the legislative process, with the goal being a five-year farm bill that would give Florida farmers much-needed confidence following the devastation of Hurricane Irma and the prospects of an uncertain trade future. The conferees failed to meet that standard.” Comments are now closed.

agronomy

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Passion Fruit Jelly Drink Guava Jelly Drink Organic Strawberry Juice Konjac Organic Passion Fruit Juice Konjac Organic Mulberry Juice Konjac Mulberry & Litchi & Rose Jam Organic Mulberry & Strawberry Jam Organic Mulberry Jam 陳稼莊 有機農業的先行者 Since 1989 The owner of the Chen Jiah Juang Orchard, Chen Kun-sheng, graduated from the Animal Husbandry Department of the Agricultural College, Chung Hsing University, used to be a straightforward and industrious peasant boy, born in Ditougang Village, Yanshui Township, Tainan County. Although he was away from home when he pursued studies, and engaged in animal husbandry-related careers after graduation. Until an unexpected chance came upon him that made him determined to return from the city to the countryside of his hometown to buy a piece of farmland and switched careers into Agriculture, and founded “Chen Jiah Juang Orchard” in 1989, due to his childhood memory of the natural farming experience with his father in the fields which affected him deeply. Being concerned about the ecological environment and opposed to toxic substances, Chen Kun-sheng keeps his passion for respecting life and cherishing the land. He has made up mind not to use pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and herbicides starting from his first land’s farming when he aspired to become a farmer, and he held the principle “natural farming without pesticides”, which set forth the founding value of Chen Jiah Juang Orchard.

agronomy

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When the seasons start to change and winter turns to spring, we always start by spring cleaning inside our houses. But it’s also important to make sure your lawn and yard are well taken care of, too, which is why we offer spring cleanup services. Spring is truly the best time of year to schedule a cleanup with Landscape 360. We specialize in lawn care, landscaping, and hardscaping, so your yard looks its best after the snow melts. We can start you off right with a thorough spring cleanup to ready your yard for summertime. Not only will your yard be cleaner, but it will save you from future hassles that occur when your yard isn’t up to par. We can help aerate and elevate the dead grass to help with new growth below. We start with the removal of any trash or debris leftover on your lawn. - Dog Feces - Bigger Twigs Next, we will begin to rake up your lawn, gathering the smaller fragments from your yard. This will ensure that you avoid snow mould, a fungal disease that occurs when dead plant life gets wet and begins to decay. Afterwards, we will unearth old perennial stalks and prepare flower beds for planting and fertilizing them. - Work In Compost - Weed Removal & Dead Growth - Prune Shrubs

agronomy

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Jennifer Glasgow | ROSETTA Top - Denim Made in a sweet denim blend of organic cotton and hemp, the Rosetta can be worn as a top on its own or a little jacket. With the waist ties and buttons up the front, Rosetta is ready for everything. A very versatile item for fall and all the season. - 55% Hemp / 45% Organic Cotton. OEKO-TEX 100. - Available in Denim, - Sizes XS – XXL. - Harissa is 5’7” and wears size XL - Shelby is 5’8” and wears size XS - Made in Montreal Key Measurements & Wash Instructions Key Measurements based on XS. - Shoulder to sleeve hem 21.5" - Shoulder seam to hemline 16.5" Wash instructions – machine wash in cold water with similar colours / hang to dry. Eco Benefits of Hemp and Hemp Blends Hemp is a wonderfully durable and long lasting textile that was first woven over 10,000 years ago. It is very breathable and has UV resistance and anti-microbial characteristics. It resembles linen and is usually mixed with other fibres to soften and give it draping characteristics. It is an excellent crop for farmers too! Needing far less water than cotton, almost no chemicals and much higher yields on less land, hemp has once again found its place in the textile landscape. In addition it blocks out weeds as it grows and can improve soil quality. Eco Benefits of Organic Cotton From the seed preparation which is natural and untreated with pesticides, to soil conservation and harvesting, the farming of organic cotton ensures the land and the people working it, are healthier and happier. Conventional cotton is one of the most chemically insensitive as classified by the Environmental Protection Agency. Organic cotton is not exposed to the fibre weakening chemicals that conventional cotton endures therefore it should outlast a regular cotton item.

agronomy

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One of the most visible signs of harvest approaching is when the red grape varieties begin to develop their color, in a process called veraison. The term in French means “the onset of ripening,” and everywhere in the world where grapes are grown it is accompanied by excitement and a buzz of activity. Table grapes at veraison. Veraison actually started about a month ago in the Finger Lakes. Each varietal marches to its beat of its own drum, with the unknown table grapes shown above from last weekend well on there way, while Cabernet Sauvignon right across the street is less farther along. Concords in my yard just have a few berries per cluster showing signs of pink. Cabernet Sauvignon at veraison. From the time berries form until veraison, energy goes into cell division. At veraison, changes occur in the cells so that energy goes into sugar development. At the same time, malic acid degrades, leaving tartaric acid as the dominant acid component. For Chardonnay and red wines, it is often desired to convert tartaric acid back to malic by malolactic fermentation, but more about that when we actually get there. One of many tools to scare away birds. Unfortunately, birds and deer also know something is up, in part visually and also due to changes in the aromas in the vineyard. Growers have a number of tricks at their disposal, such as these modern versions of scarecrows, propane powered cannons, and netting. Based on data collected by Cornell, the New York State Department of Agriculture & Markets has notified wineries that they may purchase out of state grapes due to this year’s winter damage. State law allows this on a per-varietal basis when the loss for the varietal is 40% or more. The affected grapes are: - Cabernet Franc - Cabernet Sauvignon - Gamay Noir - La Crescent - Pinot Gris - Pinot Noir Several of these are surprising, for instance Frontenac and La Crescent that are supposedly winter hardy down to minus 33 degrees. A spot check of weather recorded up north (Watertown) and out west towards Buffalo, where wineries producing with these grapes are situated, did not uncover anything near that. It would be interesting to know more about the affected wineries and their fruit sources. Although I have come to believe that decks tend to be stacked against grape suppliers as opposed to purchasers, New York does have a rigorous process for granting waivers. A winery seeking to use out of state fruit must list 3 growers from which it tried to purchase, and the amounts must be in line with what it has purchased in the past. Further, if the wine is less than 75% New York grapes, it cannot carry a New York or regional appellation. The benefit to the winery is that it can at least continue to participate in the wine market. Alas, all the grower has to fall back on is crop insurance. Yet another weather system in moving into the Finger Lakes the next two days with the potential to drop another 1 to 3 inches of rain. According to the Cornell University Northeast Regional Climate Center (NRCC), the temperature hasn’t been far off from the long term averages, but the summer has been decidedly wet, with flooding experienced in Ithaca, Penn Yan, and other areas in the Finger Lakes. |*through August 11 More troubling has been severe storms we have experienced, including several bouts of hail and one spate of tornadoes. Hail on a deck near Ithaca, courtesy Finger Lakes Weather and Sharon Heller. While no farmer ever wants to see hail, this type of precipitation is particularly tough on grapes. The photo below is probably of a native American varietal, as indicated by the loose clusters. Vinifera tends to be more tightly clustered, and a puncture in the skin of a grape on the outside of the cluster allows juice to stream inside where, with nowhere to go, it produces rot. The juice from compromised clusters is decidedly, in the words of Alton Brown, “not good eats,” and they must be discarded or the grapes sorted before pressing – an arduous and expensive process for which there is little time during harvest. Hail damaged grapes, courtesy Finger Lakes Grape Program. At this point in the season, the grapes have all the water they need. Some stretches of sunshine and low humidity would be most helpful. Posted in Growing

agronomy

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In order to establish the fact that Millets really are the future crop of the country, a couple of things must be looked at. This article, therefore, arrives at the answer to the heading by exploring Millets through a number of different headers- - What makes Millets special? - Worldwide production & availability - Nutritional information - Health benefits of using millets - The business angle - The way forward By exploring these topics in a somewhat detailed manner, it would be easier to support the fact that Millets truly are the crops of the future. Millet is the term given to a collective group of small-seeded grass (Poaceae, which is the scientific term for grass) that primarily grows in developing countries like India, Niger, Mali and Nigeria. Being one of the earliest cultivated crops, millets was primarily considered to be a major ingredient in bird seeds, but it is interesting to note that millets have been used in making beer, flatbreads, porridges and other fermented beverages for many years now. Some of the most popularly cultivated millets and their scientific names are listed down below- - Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) - Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) - Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) - Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense) The genus Echinochloa contains the Indian and Japanese barnyard millets. There are several other variants of millets, but these listed are the most popular. Millets are divided into two broad categories- major and minor. While the major brand contains the most popular millets like pearl, foxtail, finger (Ragi in India) and Proso (White millet); the minor branch contains the unpopular ones like barnyard, little, Guinea, fonio, Kodo to name a few. It is heartening to note that Millets has been positively accepted in almost all parts of the world, especially the developed countries and many are now adding millets in their day to day diet because of its advantages. What makes millets special? One of the best qualities of the crop is its extremely high tolerance for droughts. To highlight how little water is needed for rearing these plants, it is insightful to notice that whereas to grow one kilogram of rice, almost 5000 litres of water is required, the same quantity of millets requires only 250 to 300 litres at maximum. Millets are widely referred to as the climate-smart crop as it has the potential to combat the ongoing global climate crisis. In addition, millets grow well in the absence of pesticide and insecticide, and in the hands of the trained farmer, they require little to no input labour. After harvesting, the remaining stalks can be used for animal fodder, and millets themselves are used as bird feeds as well. In fact, in developed nations such as the United States and the United Kingdom, millets were primarily used as bird feed before their miracle qualities caught the public eye. In recent years, a trend towards organic farming and alternatives to the already well-established grains have made millets as a favourite go-to grain for many. Millets can also be used as the raw material for biofuels. There are several studies that have been conducted on the same. Worldwide production & availability India currently leads the world in Millet production followed by the African countries of Nigeria and Niger. China is also present in the list as one of the leading producers, although it lags much behind India in this aspect. The figures shown here are for the year 2107. In India, as of 2018, the crop is grown in 21 states, and the states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Kerala and Jharkhand give high importance to the growth of millets. The image below compares the nutritional content of different kinds of Millet to Rice, Wheat and Quinoa, which are other crops widely consumed throughout the world. Raw Millet is composed of roughly 73% carbohydrates, 9% water, 11% protein and 4% fat, thereby making them low fat but high carb alternatives. Millets are rich in phenols, especially catechins and ferulic acid which act as antioxidants. Millets are also gluten-free, making them an ideal source of food for those inflicted by the celiac disease or for those who choose to eat gluten-free. Health benefits of using millets With increasing obesity and stress in the upcoming population, millets serve as a cancelling factor for many of the diseases that develop because of obesity and stress. These claims are made only after years of testing with multiple test subjects within which the improvements were noticed. - Healthy heart: Being a good source of Magnesium, millets help keep the heart beating strong. Magnesium-rich foods help reduce the effects of asthma, and the frequency of migraine attacks. - Lowering the risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Another reason to have millets is their uncanny ability to reduce the risk of diabetes which can again be attributed to the high concentration of magnesium present in the grains. - Gallstone prevention: Consumption of fibre rich foods have shown to reduce the chances of gallbladder stones forming within the individual. It is speculated that fibre-rich foods pass through the intestines rapidly and also reduces the bile secretion, thereby decreasing the chances of stone formation. - Breast Cancer shield: Fibres are shown to reduce the instances of breast cancer among women who are pre-menopausal. The Business Angle A strong business plan is extremely important for the success of a product. So, it is highly essential that a stakeholder analysis should be done keeping in mind, Millets. The potential stakeholders in India with respect to Millets would be- - The farmers - The Governments (both Central and State) - Entrepreneurs (preferably in the organic product area) - Suppliers and Distributors - Retailers and Wholesalers - The customers (People who buy might be different from the end-user, the consumer) - The consumers (People who cook and eat the Millets) - Workers employed across the value chain It has to be kept in mind that for Millets, the competitor would be wheat, rice and other widely available and used grain crops. High power, high interest: These would be the farmers, as they have maximum involvement with maize. The customer, end consumer and Government belong in this category. High power, low interest: Retailers, Suppliers, Wholesalers and Distributors who keep stock of competitor to Millets would belong in this category. Low power, high interest: Entrepreneurs would belong in this category as when they are setting up a business; entrepreneurs don’t have much control over the external factors. Low power, low interest: This would comprise of the workers that are employed across the value chain. These workers, while taking up the role of customer or consumer, automatically gets shifted to the high power-high interest segment. The image below gives the readers a brief idea of the marketing efficiencies of various marketing channels associated with the Pearl Millets. The Way Forward It goes without saying that government impetus is extremely important in making Millet the star crop of the country. Several marketing campaigns that focus on the importance of millets have to be designed and circulated amongst the masses by the government in addition to Millet based initiatives. Odisha government has taken a number of steps in this regard, and the images below show the initiatives taken by the government towards the same. A robust public distribution system of not only Millets but also other essential grains will ensure that Millets are helpful in satiating the hunger of the poor. In addition, farmers need to be incentivized properly regarding the production of Millets as a whole and a strategic team need to be deployed by the government that makes use of barren, low-quality lands to produce millets while useful well-nourished lands can be used for the production of other crops. If India can successfully leverage the growing preference for Millets, both in the country and worldwide, improve its Yield per Hectare of Millets by commercializing it, incentivizing production amongst farmers and improving distribution using the PDS, then Millets will definitely be one of India’s top exports bringing in much-needed revenue from outside.

agronomy

https://freyacultivation.com/blogs/news/root-oxygenation-in-aeroponics-a-scientific-exploration

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Aeroponics, a cutting-edge cultivation technique, has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its ability to maximize plant growth by providing optimal levels of oxygen to the roots. This innovative method suspends plant roots in an air-rich environment while periodically misting them with a nutrient-rich solution. In this scientific essay, we delve into the crucial role of root oxygenation in aeroponics, supported by empirical evidence and scholarly research. Understanding the Importance of Oxygen Oxygen, an essential element for plant respiration, plays a pivotal role in several critical physiological processes. In traditional soil-based cultivation, oxygen is often abundant in the root zone. However, in soilless systems like hydroponics and aeroponics, ensuring an adequate oxygen supply becomes paramount due to the absence of soil. The primary functions of oxygen in plants include: Cellular Respiration: Oxygen is essential for energy production through cellular respiration. During this process, plants convert stored sugars into energy, driving various metabolic activities crucial for growth and development. Root Respiration: Roots require oxygen to respire and produce energy. In an oxygen-deficient environment, root respiration decreases, negatively impacting nutrient uptake and overall plant health. Microbial Activity: Beneficial microbes in the root zone also rely on oxygen to carry out essential nutrient transformations and protect plants from pathogenic organisms. Oxygen in Aeroponics: The Key to Success Aeroponic systems excel at providing an oxygen-rich environment for plant roots. In these systems, roots are suspended in air, allowing for maximum exposure to oxygen. This elevated oxygen availability offers several advantages: 1. Enhanced Nutrient Uptake Research conducted by Zhou et al. (2018) on lettuce cultivation in aeroponics revealed that plants exhibited improved nutrient uptake efficiency compared to traditional soil-based systems. The study attributed this enhancement to the abundance of oxygen surrounding the roots, which facilitated nutrient absorption. Scientific Source: Zhou, Y., Xin, C., Shen, C., & Song, W. (2018). Nutrient uptake and growth of lettuce as influenced by root-zone temperature in aeroponic production. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 1517. 2. Rapid Growth and Development Aeroponically grown plants often exhibit accelerated growth rates and increased biomass. The ample oxygen supply supports robust root development, which, in turn, promotes nutrient absorption and overall plant vitality. 3. Disease Suppression A well-oxygenated root zone discourages the proliferation of anaerobic pathogens that thrive in low-oxygen environments. As a result, aeroponically grown plants are less susceptible to root diseases, reducing the need for chemical interventions. 4. Efficient Resource Utilization The enhanced oxygenation in aeroponics optimizes the efficiency of resource utilization. Plants can extract nutrients more effectively, reducing wastage and the environmental impact associated with excessive nutrient runoff. Oxygen Dynamics in Aeroponics Understanding the dynamics of oxygen in aeroponics is crucial for optimizing the growth of cultivated crops. Several factors influence the availability and utilization of oxygen in these systems: 1. Oxygen Saturation Levels Aeroponic systems typically maintain oxygen saturation levels in the root zone ranging from 20% to 30%. This range ensures an abundant oxygen supply for roots to carry out respiration efficiently. 2. Oxygen Delivery Method The misting system in aeroponics serves a dual purpose—delivering nutrients and oxygen. High-pressure misting nozzles create fine droplets that envelop the roots, allowing for effective oxygen transfer. 3. Environmental Factors Environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and airflow impact oxygen availability. Growers can fine-tune these factors to optimize oxygen levels based on crop requirements. Root Oxygenation in Practice Practical implications arise from the scientific understanding of root oxygenation in aeroponics. Growers and researchers can implement strategies to maximize the benefits of this cultivation method: 1. Monitoring and Control Continuous monitoring of oxygen levels in the root zone is essential. Oxygen sensors can provide real-time data, allowing growers to make timely adjustments to environmental conditions or misting intervals. 2. Root Health Assessment Regular assessment of root health is crucial. Healthy, oxygenated roots appear white or light tan, while dark or brown roots may indicate oxygen deficiency or disease. Prompt corrective actions can prevent further damage. 3. Environmental Optimization Fine-tuning environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and misting intervals can help maintain optimal oxygen levels. Growers should tailor these parameters to the specific needs of their crops. 4. Oxygenation Backup Systems To ensure uninterrupted oxygen supply, backup systems, such as redundant air pumps or oxygen generators, can be employed. These systems act as fail-safes in case of primary oxygenation system failures. Future Perspectives: Advancing Root Oxygenation The importance of root oxygenation in aeroponics extends beyond current practices. Ongoing research explores innovative methods to further enhance oxygen availability to plant roots. Some of the promising areas of development include: 1. Advanced Mist Systems Research is underway to develop misting systems that not only deliver nutrients efficiently but also optimize oxygen transfer. Innovations in nozzle design and mist generation techniques hold the potential to elevate root oxygenation. 2. Genetic Modification Genetic modification of crops to enhance their oxygen uptake capabilities is a fascinating avenue. Researchers are exploring genetic traits that promote the development of more efficient root systems for improved respiration. 3. Artificial Intelligence Integration The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into aeroponic systems allows for dynamic control of environmental variables based on real-time data. AI-driven systems can ensure precise oxygen management, further enhancing crop performance. Root oxygenation stands as a cornerstone of success in aeroponic cultivation. The ability to provide plants with an abundant oxygen supply is a defining feature of this innovative growing method. Scientific research has underscored the critical role of oxygen in nutrient uptake, disease prevention, and overall plant health. As aeroponics continues to evolve, the optimization of root oxygenation remains a focal point for growers, researchers, and agricultural innovators. The practical implementation of monitoring, control, and environmental adjustments, coupled with ongoing advancements in misting technology and genetic research, promises to push the boundaries of what can be achieved in this revolutionary cultivation method. The future of agriculture lies in our ability to harness the full potential of root oxygenation, paving the way for sustainable, high-yield crop production in an ever-changing world. - Zhou, Y., Xin, C., Shen, C., & Song, W. (2018). Nutrient uptake and growth of lettuce as influenced by root-zone temperature in aeroponic production. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 1517.

agronomy

https://medinalawncare.com/planting-in-the-fall-season/

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Time is running short! The countdown begins for the last successful planting in our fall season for Chicago. Contrary to what the “Big-Box” garden centers would like to have you believe. Planting your tree in the spring when it is in full bloom is not a sound practice from a horticultural stand point. Trees, like humans, need their rest. By planting in the fall when the sap is down in the tree you are not disturbing its annual growth cycle. Fall planting allows the roots to become established through the winter, especially the tender new feeders. This process is necessary for beautiful spring blooms and summer leaves. Fall planting is especially recommended for “balled” and “burlapped” trees that have been dug up from nursery fields. Keep in mind that even “blooming” or “leafed out” trees experience some shock during a spring time planting. Regardless of how careful you are, the root of the tree to be planted can still be disturbed in a container grown tree; additionally, the tender blooms and the new leaf growth can be damaged in transport. This is why I always recommend covering your tree with a horticultural tarp while in transit. Additionally, fall allows for ample time to correct soil instabilities, time to let soil modifiers do their stuff, time to prepare for the expansion and contraction from freezing and thawing that will loosen well-worked clay soils. And there’s plenty of free organic matter at hand. The advantages of fall plantings become very clear. You eliminate very hot days, days that can quickly dehydrate any plant life – especially trees. One of the key secrets to success in any planting is WATER, WATER, WATER! This not only promotes new root growth, it also provides protection from hard freezes. Thorough watering before an extreme cold spell is as important as a thorough watering before a summer dry spell. Be cautious however, not to plant in very wet soil as this can also be very harmful to the root system. I do not plant on a rainy day, or a day that has followed a big storm because when you work wet soil, especially in Chicago, you are only compacting the soil which needs to drain properly and provide nutrients to the root system. Prior to planting your tree or shrub, I always create a 30/30/30 mix of sand, top soil, and “pine fines” or compost to feed the roots of my plant. Chicago has very “silty” soil, which is soil that is heavily laden with clay. To break up the clay and promote proper drainage among other things in your soil, I strongly my recommend 30/30/30 practice. Mulching at the base of the newly planted fall tree is also very important because it retains moisture in the soil and keeps weeds to a minimum. I recommend using two to four inches of any sterilized organic material. Black forest mulch is an ideal choice. There are several good options available, I prefer this one. Now that I have explained the advantages of fall plantings, pick out trees and shrubs that best suit you style and needs, and enjoy the beautiful display of color while you are preparing for the winter ahead.

agronomy

http://aclunkupstairs.blogspot.com/2013/08/my-slow-life-movement.html

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For the last month I've been asking Mother Nature to grace us with a beautiful day for our garden harvest party evening. That day came yesterday, and we couldn't have had a more lovely evening to sit outside and visit with friends. I was so thankful for the sunshine and even more thankful for the cool temps. Though I was happy Mother Nature spread her arms wide and did her magic, I was somewhat sad that so many of my friends and family didn't join us. And as we sat there, eating and talking, I listened to several say, "I can't stay long. I have to do _____________." Unfortunately, the ripple effect took place and as soon as one person left, others followed suit. It was almost a fast-food event. What happened to slowing down, truly slowing down and enjoying just being? Why is there a need to overlap activities, making it impossible to relax and give one's full attention to just the one event? I did enjoy all the work leading up to the garden harvest party--the painted chairs and the table we made from the pallets, the jams and relish, and the gardens themselves. Having the garden harvest party allowed me to be creative and productive. And seeing someone walking past the house look over, see all the color, and smile as they continue on their way makes me smile. Now, with the garden harvest party over and having to return to work just a week away, I'm going to slow down even more to soak up the last remnants of what has been one of the best summers I've ever had.

agronomy

https://www.gsi.ie/en-ie/events-and-news/events/Pages/Terra-Soil-Final-Conference.aspx

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The Terra Soil Conference marks the conclusion of the collaborative research project between Geological Survey Ireland and Teagasc. Initiated in 2018, the Terra Soil project aims to derive agronomic and environmental indicators from Tellus soil sample data. The final conference will serve as the platform for the official release of new datasets, maps, reports, and scientific papers produced during this period. Dr. Karen Daly from Teagasc and Dr. Jim Hodgson from Geological Survey Ireland will kick off the event with an overview of Terra Soil, the official data release, and future plans. Following this, Niall Ryan from DAFM will give a talk on policy, particularly focusing on the data needed for EU soil monitoring law. Dr. Rebecca Hall and Dr. Felipe Bachion de Santa from Teagasc, who will overview the main results from Terra Soil. After which, Dr. Olaf Schmidt from UCD will present on the link between soil geochemistry and biodiversity. The event will conclude with a panel discussion on the value of soil data, chaired by Ray Scanlon from Geological Survey Ireland. All data produced by Terra Soil will be available for free on the Geological Survey Ireland website. For more information about Terra Soil, click here. If you are interested in attending please email firstname.lastname@example.org.

agronomy

https://glaciermedia.ca/glacier-farmmedia-teams-up-with-the-canada-agriculture-and-food-museum-to-unleash-the-soil-superheroes/

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Winnipeg, MB., April 22, 2021. A new partnership between the Canada Agriculture and Food Museum (CAFM) and Glacier FarmMedia will bring critical awareness to an issue that affects us all – soil health and sustainability. “Healthy soil is essential to our food security, climate, health, and the overall quality of life for all Canadians,” says Kerry-Leigh Burchill, Director General at the Canada Agriculture and Food Museum. “Through this exciting partnership with Glacier FarmMedia, the Canada Agriculture and Food Museum is committed to fostering a greater appreciation and understanding of this finite resource, and the importance of soil stewardship in contemporary agriculture.” The Museum – one of three under Ingenium – Canada’s Museums of Science and Innovation – offers visitors of all ages the unique opportunity to interact with a working farm in the heart of the nation’s capital, alongside immersive exhibitions, educational programming, and skills demonstrations to support food literacy. Like Glacier FarmMedia, raising awareness about soil health and connecting audiences with sustainable solutions and best practices is a priority for the Museum. “The Canadian Agriculture and Food Museum and Glacier FarmMedia are aligned in our vision to promote and protect soil health,” says Lynda Tityk, Executive Vice-President, Glacier FarmMedia. “Soil is facing critical issues that impact everyone. Awareness and outreach is timely, critical, and paves the way for all Canadians to work together, which will be vital to protect this resource.” The Museum will be working with the agriculture industry and soil experts to share the latest soil science and reinforce the essential link between healthy soils and food production. Through on-site and digital programming, their important message about soil sustainability will be shared across farming sectors and with their national audience of over 1 million people. As a media partner, Glacier FarmMedia will help to launch and promote the initiative which will kick-off with the launch of the Soil Superheroes exhibition. The exhibition provides visitors with an underground perspective on the importance of soil science and conservation through imaginative characters that demonstrate how soil provides humans with food and medicine, cleans the water we drink, and protects our climate. The exhibition will launch at the museum in 2021 before touring from coast to coast with a discovery cart filled with educational resources. The format is designed to spark conversations and curiosity in a broad spectrum of venues with the intention of serving urban centres, remote communities, science centres, libraries or other public venues. For more information: Director of Corporate Communication, Glacier FarmMedia Ingenium – Canada’s Museums of Science and Innovation About Glacier FarmMedia Glacier FarmMedia, is the agricultural division of Glacier Media Inc., an information communications company focused on the provision of primary and essential information and related services through print, electronic and online media. The Glacier FarmMedia family includes: Canada’s Outdoor Farm Show, the Farm Forum Event, Advancing Women Conferences, The Western Producer, Grainews, Country Guide, Manitoba Co-operator, Canadian Cattlemen, Alberta Farmer Express, Farmtario, Le Bulletin des Agriculteurs, Ag Dealer, Global Auction Guide and Farmzilla. For more information, visit farmmedia.com. About the Canada Agriculture and Food Museum Ingenium – Canada’s Museums of Science and Innovation oversees three museums, one of which is the Canada Agriculture and Food Museum. The museum offers hands-on food literacy demonstrations and immersive exhibitions on a working farm in the heart of our nation’s capital. It showcases milestones in Canadian agriculture which inform and inspire the future of food security and sustainable agriculture. It also highlights the relationship between agricultural science and technology and Canadians’ everyday lives. Visitors to the national site have a unique opportunity to experience hands-on demonstrations, participate in seasonal programs and to see diverse breeds of farm animals as well as technology. Virtual visitors and national audiences are able to access learning modules, experiments, recipes and online programs that feature key issues of our time.

agronomy

https://lindamchawi.com/research/

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Second year Master of Science in Biodiversity Informatics student at the Malawi University of Science and Technology. Research Topic: Loss of Agrobiodiversity of Underutilised Root and Tuber Crops in Malawi: A study on Livingstone Potato (Plectranthus esculentus) The Livingstone potato is one of the earliest African crops to be domesticated, and has now become a rarity after a long history of cultivation throughout the African continent and it is regarded as a lost crop and as such, has been classified among the neglected and underutilised crop species (NUCS) (Kujeke et al., 2019). Countries known to grow this crop include Malawi, Zimbabwe, Rwanda, Nigeria and South Africa. Some of the districts in Malawi where the Livingstone potato is grown as a garden crop are Dedza, Ntcheu and Neno. The loss of the Livingstone potato coupled with the insufficient knowledge of the crop poses a significant problem to researchers and agronomists attempting to revive the crop. In my research, I am conducting a descriptive-exploratory study that aims to establish agronomical patterns of the Livingstone potato among Malawian farmers as well as establish why it is underproduced. Sample Districts: Ntcheu and Dedza

agronomy

https://www.mikeandsallygalebeefranch.com/u-pick-apples/

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U-Pick at Chileno Valley Ranch Enjoy a day of family apple picking in our orchard with varieties such as Orin, Pinova, Candy Crisp, and Jonagold. We are open for u-pick on Sundays only, from 9:00 am to 1:00 pm, during September and October unless otherwise noted. Our 2023 U-Pick season is winding down! Chileno Valley Ranch will offer one more U-Pick for the 2023 Season Sunday November 5th from 9 am to 1 pm. We will close promptly at 1 pm. There will be no reservations required for this last U-Pick. Join our email list (in the lower right corner of this page) or like our Facebook page to be informed about the season. Entry time slots are available every hour, to help spread guests throughout the day, which creates a better experience for everyone. Admission is $10 per family and must be pre-booked online. Each family must have their own reservation. 2023 Prices: Apples $2/lb. We often have other wonderful items for sale from our farm or our neighbors, such as free-range eggs, honey, and baked goods. All items subject to availability. Payment: cash, local checks, Visa, MasterCard, American Express, and Discover. To register for a U-Pick time slot click here. ** Registration is closed for 2023 — See you next season! ** Our opening and closing dates vary from year to year depending on the climate, crop size, etc. Occasionally, we don’t open on a particular Sunday in-season because there aren’t enough ripe apples. Be sure to check this site and confirm that we are open before you come. No dogs and no smoking, please. If you don’t receive emails about U-Pick, please join our email newsletter below. We had a great time picking apples and meeting the animals on the farm. They offer a variety of organic apples and asian pears, as well as a few vegetables, eggs and grass-fed beef. – Alexandra

agronomy

http://ohio.agrigold.com/sales-team/

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LEGAL INFORMATION | Contact us for more information All orders and sales are subject to the AgriGold Terms and Conditions of Sale, which include but are not limited to the Limitation of Warranty & Remedy and Agronomic Zone and Planting Year. All Terms and Conditions of Sale are subject to change from time to time without prior notice. For the most up to date Terms and Conditions of Sale, see the Producers website at www.agrigold.com. Monsanto Company is a member of Excellence Through Stewardship® (ETS). Monsanto products are commercialized in accordance with ETS Product Launch Stewardship Guidance, and in compliance with Monsanto’s Policy for Commercialization of Biotechnology-Derived Plant Products in Commodity Crops. Certain products have been approved for import into key export markets with functioning regulatory systems. Any crop or material produced from this product can only be exported to, or used, processed or sold in countries where all necessary regulatory approvals have been granted. It is a violation of national and international law to move material containing biotech traits across boundaries into nations where import is not permitted. Growers should talk to their grain handler or product purchaser to confirm their buying position for this product. Growers should refer to http://www.biotradestatus.com/ for any updated information on import country approvals. Excellence Through Stewardship® is a registered trademark of Biotechnology Industry Organization. B.t. products may not yet be registered in all states. Check with your Monsanto representative for the registration status in your state. IMPORTANT IRM INFORMATION: RIB Complete® corn blend products do not require the planting of a structured refuge except in the Cotton-Growing Area where corn earworm is a significant pest. SmartStax® RIB Complete® corn blend is not allowed to be sold for planting in the Cotton-Growing Area. See the IRM/Grower Guide for additional information. Always read and follow IRM requirements. DroughtGard® Hybrids with RIB Complete® corn blend the refuge seed may not always contain DroughtGard® Hybrids trait. ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW DIRECTIONS FOR USE ON PESTICIDE LABELING. IT IS A VIOLATION OF FEDERAL AND STATE LAW to use any pesticide product other than in accordance with its labeling. NOT ALL formulations of dicamba or glyphosate are approved for in-crop use with Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® soybeans. ONLY USE FORMULATIONS THAT ARE SPECIFICALLY LABELED FOR SUCH USES AND APPROVED FOR SUCH USE IN THE STATE OF APPLICATION. XTENDIMAX® HERBICIDE WITH VAPORGRIP® TECHNOLOGY AND IN CROP USES MAY NOT BE APPROVED IN ALL STATES. Contact the U.S. EPA and your state pesticide regulatory agency with any questions about the approval status of dicamba herbicide products for in-crop use with Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® soybeans. Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® soybeans contains genes that confer tolerance to glyphosate and dicamba. Glyphosate will kill crops that are not tolerant to glyphosate. Dicamba will kill crops that are not tolerant to dicamba. Contact your Monsanto dealer or refer to Monsanto’s Technology Use Guide for recommended weed control programs. ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW DIRECTIONS FOR USE ON PESTICIDE LABELING. Products with NemaStrike™ Technology are not registered in all states. The distribution, sale, or use of an unregistered pesticide is a violation of federal and/or state law and is strictly prohibited. Check with your local Monsanto dealer or representative for the product registration status in your state. Consult bag tags for E-Z Refuge product herbicide options; only those labeled GT/LL may be sprayed with glufosinate. Seed products with the LibertyLink® (LL) trait are resistant to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium, an alternative to glyphosate in corn, and combine high-yielding genetics with the powerful, non-selective, postemergent weed control of Liberty® herbicide for optimum yield and excellent weed control. Agrisure® Technology incorporated into these seeds is commercialized under license from Syngenta Seeds, Inc. Herculex® Technology incorporated into these seeds is commercialized under license from Dow AgroSciences LLC. AgReliant Genetics® and Design, Advantage Acre® and Design, AgriShield®, and AgriGold® and Design are registered trademarks of AgReliant Genetics, LLC. Agrisure®, Agrisure Artesian®, Artesian™, Agrisure Duracade®, Agrisure Viptera® and E-Z Refuge® are trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company. Acceleron®, DroughtGard®, Genuity®, NemaStrike™, RIB Complete and Design®, RIB Complete®, Roundup Ready 2 Technology and Design®, Roundup Ready 2 Xtend®, Roundup Ready 2 Yield®, Roundup Ready®, Roundup®, SmartStax and Design®, SmartStax®, VaporGrip®, and XtendiMax®, VT Double PRO® and VT Triple PRO® are trademarks of Monsanto Technology LLC. LibertyLink® and the Water Droplet Design® are registered trademarks of Bayer. Herculex® is a registered trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLC. Respect the Refuge and Corn Design® and Respect the Refuge® are registered trademarks of National Corn Growers Association. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. © AgReliant Genetics, LLC. SEED PIRACY STATEMENT: Seed containing a patented trait can only be used to plant a single commercial crop from which seed cannot be saved and replanted. Examples of seed containing a patented trait include but are not limited to Genuity® Roundup Ready 2 Yield® soybeans, and Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® soybeans. Additional information and limitations on the use of these products are provided in the Monsanto Technology Stewardship Agreement, the Monsanto Technology Use Guide, and the Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® Soybean Technology Use Guide Supplement. U.S. patents for Monsanto technologies can be found at the following webpage: http://www.monsantotechnology.com

agronomy

https://coolstuff.nz/history-science

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Biochar is a form of carbon that results from pyrolysis (heating in the absence of oxygen) of biomass – e.g. wood, bark, stalks, chaff and crop residue, nut shells, or virtually any organic material – leaving behind a durable matrix with a porous structure. This substance has a range of physical, chemical and biological properties that can provide multiple, cascading ecological services. The first, and most compelling, application of biochar comes from the nature of the carbon itself. If we pyrolyse biomass at the correct temperature range, the resulting product is a highly stable and long-lived form of carbon, and as such represents a low-tech means of sequestering atmospheric CO2 captured by photosynthesis of the plants that provide the feedstock. We could pyrolise large quantities of biomass and then simply store the end result in landfill, and by doing this we would have an effective tactic for global carbon drawdown over time. The fifteenth special report of the IPCC includes biochar as a promising mitigation technology and this development has acted as a catalyst for expanded funding of trials in the EU. But there are so many uses of biochar aside from its value as a carbon sink that this direct storage route, although worthwhile, would represent a host of missed opportunities. The physical structure of biochar is a massively porous matrix, averaging over a hectare of surface area per 25 g of material. This property means that it can retain moisture and provide habitat for diverse and flourishing microbial populations. The carbon matrix also provides an array of chemical bonding sites where ions dissolved in solution can attach and be held loosely enough to be available for uptake by microbes or plants. The combination of these factors mean that biochar can effectively take out dissolved contaminants from water, for example. It also makes biochar an effective soil amendment for a range of settings, from arable, pastoral, and forestry lands to rehabilitated wetlands and marginal habitats. There is nothing novel or radical in adding carbon in this form to soils, either: it is a natural process of soil building that has been going on in nearly all parts of the world where fires occur, and on average pyrogenic (fire derived) carbon accounts for at least 13% of soil organic carbon globally. The effects of biochar incorporation into soils over the long term can be seen in many settings, but the most striking examples would be the terra preta (black earth) of the Amazon, the famed black soils of Iowa and Ukraine, and, in Aotearoa, in māra kai where burnt matter was deliberately added to kūmara plots. In the Amazon, a flourishing and settled farming civilisation, numbering perhaps in the millions, was reported by the first Europeans to explore the interior in the 16th century. As the harsh and infertile nature of tropical rainforest soils was better understood, the presence of this culture (subsequently exterminated by introduced diseases) stood as a mystery that was not solved until the the late 1990s, as scientists worked with samples of the soil and found that it had high levels of carbon. As the carbon was dated, its effects understood, and a mechanism for its presence was formally described, a whole new area of research opened up into the qualities of biochar. Now we know that for a period of at least 1,500 years, and likely up to twice as long, the settled farming culture of the Amazon basin was routinely and purposefully incorporating charred organic matter into their severely depleted and leached rainforest soils and reaping the rewards of the increased fertility. In temperate regions, the most productive agricultural areas are often atop the deep prairie soils formed by humid grasslands – places like the US Midwest, southern Russia and Ukraine, and the Argentine pampas. Soils with high amounts of durable carbon have formed in these locations by repeated low-intensity fires that charred the abundant aboveground vegetation and surface litter. The fire regime had natural beginnings, but would have been enhanced in frequency by the presence of humans, who deliberately set them in order to drive game and modify the landscape. Radiocarbon dating of these soils has yielded carbon fraction ages of over 12,000 years in Ukraine and 7,000 years in Iowa. This is our evidence that incorporation of biochar in soil is one of the surest and safest methods of long-term sequestration available. Its corollary benefits to primary productivity are just the icing on the proverbial cake, but these serve as additional incentives to bring biochar into our climate response strategy.

agronomy

https://vadersmaple.ca/pages/about

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Since 1910, the Vader family has been producing maple syrup on their farm situated on the south shore of East Lake in Prince Edward County. The family’s rich agricultural history and maple traditions have been carefully passed down through several generations to the present day, where Todd Vader and his wife Susan continue the maple legacy with passion and gratitude for mother nature’s pure harvest. The Vader farm boasts a large maple bush where approximately 3,000 maple trees are tapped each year. A tubing system is used to gather the maple sap which is then boiled down on a 3 foot by 14 foot evaporator in their rustic sap house. As a single-source producer, Vader's produce 100% of their maple products. The climate of southern Prince Edward County, in combination with the farm’s unique terroir-soil, provide Vader’s Maple Syrup with a distinctly decadent maple flavour. All maple syrup grades: golden, amber, dark, and very dark are available in a wide variety of glass and plastic containers. Other maple products such as maple butter, maple jelly, granulated maple sugar, maple leaves, and whisky barrel aged dark maple syrup are handcrafted with great care and reflect the benefit of experience. A farm store located in the sap house is open year round for visitors to purchase maple syrup and maple products and to observe and learn about maple syrup production

agronomy

https://www.hamiltoncountylandbank.org/success-story/urban-orchards/

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Success Story | Urban Orchards Vacant Lots Transformed into Urban Orchards in Five Cincinnati Neighborhoods Chris Smyth has been involved in dozens of community garden projects in Cincinnati over the years. Formerly the Sustainability Coordinator at Price Hill Will, he helped the neighborhood community development corporation build seven different community garden projects and installed more than 100 home gardens through the Grow It Forward Program. Price Hill Will has partnered with The Port and Hamilton County Landbank on a number of initiatives ranging from homesteading, creating affordable housing opportunities, to a Percussion Park at the corner of Warsaw and McPherson. “It’s so important to help children understand our connection to food. Many kids think food comes from Kroger; they don’t realize there’s an entire ecosystem that supports the growth of fruit and vegetables.” Each lot has its own distinct features – such as sun, shade, slope, soil and water – that Chris takes into account when designing the master plan for each parcel. The nine orchards he’s established so far feature 100 fruit trees, 300 berry plants, 800 perennials/medicinals. After three years of growth, Chris expects the yield to be 6,000 lbs of fruit each year after 2022. “The work Chris is doing through these orchard projects helps activate vacant lots that may not be redeveloped back into housing,” shared Will Basil, Senior Planning Associate with The Port. “We believe using these lots to grow edible food and educating people about the importance of these types of ecosystems is a good start towards helping shape a more sustainable future.” On a 1/3-acre at the corner of Glenway Avenue and Schiff Avenue, peach trees planted in Spring 2017 yielded fruit in 2018 and aronia bushes are full of berries in early September 2019. Chris uses a tarp system to keep weeds down and installed the orchard rows on contours because there’s no available water source. “By spacing the orchard rows and using tarps on the contour of the property, we’ve been able to maximize the water flow,” commented Chris. “The fruit trees are planted in patterns of three: a nitrogen fixer (Black Locust), an Apple and another fruit tree. In between the trees; berries, medicinal plants and pollinators provide habitat for bees and predatory wasps. This helps the orchard be self-fertile and creates a strong ecological immunity to pests.” Chris has hosted students from the Deaf Institute and many other neighbors at the orchards in Price Hill. “The orchards help create community interaction,” he notes. While the Landbank has funded his work through the Neighborhood Initiative Program (NIP), from the Ohio Housing Finance Agency, Chris has plans to launch a non-profit called The Common Orchard Project later this year. You can find more information via www.facebook.com/commonorchards. He’d like to identify a 2-acre site in a central location to make it a demonstration space that can educate more children and adults about Permaculture throughout Greater Cincinnati. You can learn more about Chris, his work and plans at http://chrismyth.com. Learn More About the Gardens + Greens Program Help us put properties back to productive use. Our gardens + greens program focuses on transforming vacant lots into gardens or community green space. Any party interested in purchase may apply. All applicants must be able to show a viable redevelopment project and the ability to maintain the property.See our Available Properties

agronomy

https://intl.target.com/p/keys-to-the-tropical-fruit-flies-tephritidae-dacinae-of-south-east-asia-indomalaya-to-north-west/-/A-51404500

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product description page Keys to the Tropical Fruit Flies (Tephritidae: Dacinae) of South-east Asia : Indomalaya to North-West About this item Fruit flies are a major issue facing horticultural producers, and as global warming and species migration become more prevalent issues there is an urgent need for easy identification of these pests. A companion volume to the recently published Tropical Fruit Flies of South-East Asia (Tephritidae: Dacinae), this book provides fully-illustrated keys for the identification of all currently-known Dacinae fruit flies. Focusing on south-east Asian fauna, it covers areas including India, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Japan, the Philippines, Palau, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia. This major new reference work is produced by experts with over 80 years' combined research experience, and through simple identification information can help prevent these major pest species being introduced to new geographical areas. Of particular value to agriculture and quarantine officers responsible for the detection of new incursions, where early detection is both economical and essential to guarantee eradication, this book is also a valuable resource for researchers and students of agriculture and entomology. Number of Pages: 487 Genre: Technology, Science Sub-Genre: Agriculture / Crop Science, Life Sciences / Zoology / Entomology, Agriculture / Tropical Agriculture Publisher: Stylus Pub Llc Author: Richard A. I. Drew & Meredith C. Romig Street Date: January 4, 2017 Item Number (DPCI): 248-20-9320 If the item details above aren’t accurate or complete, we want to know about it. Report incorrect product info.

agronomy

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List of products by manufacturer Meligyris Apiary Meligyris Apiary is located in the village of Arkalohori, Heraklion. The Stefanakis family tradition of beekeeping dates back to 1920 and is currently under the leadership of agriculturalist Manolis Stefanakis. Today, scientific knowledge combines with family traditions to bring a range of exclusive honeys which are carefully harvested and packaged to retain all their natural characteristics and nutritional benefits. The honeys are 100% natural, premium products with unique organoleptic characteristics that are directly related to the special terroir and exceptional flora of Crete. Manolis Stefanakis is also one of the founders and members of the Scientific Community of Greek Beekeepers. - No featured products at this time.

agronomy

https://www.alivin.ca/en/catalogue/quinta-do-portal-s-a

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We proudly produce DOC Douro wines, premium Port Wines and Moscatel. This project that started in the early 90’s of the XX century, had on its base a centenary estate where our family has been producing Port since the last years of the XIX century. Our commitment to the production of quality wines has been, since the first moment, the heart and soul of Quinta do Portal. This effort, passion and dedication have been recognized both at a national and international level during the course of the years. Quinta do Portal vineyards are under integrated farm management, a farming system that has the objective of producing high quality grapes by using natural resources and regulating mechanisms to replace polluting inputs and to secure sustainable farming.

agronomy

https://nourishathome.net.au/food-ethos/

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We support local growers by sourcing our produce from farmers markets at Bangalow, Lismore, Byron Bay and Ballina. We source fresh organic and spray free produce, ingredients you can feel good about feeding your family. Our meals are prepared and delivered on the same day so you get the freshest quality. Our menu reflects local offerings of the season, produce at its peak nutritional value. We pride ourselves on using environmentally friendly packaging, including: a jar return system (detailed in FAQ) A minimal waste system where all parts of the produce are used. Even the food scraps fed to our bunny or composted to rejuvenate the soil. Our packaging and general waste is kept to a minimum due to sourcing from local farmers markets where food can be transported without excess plastic packaging. Click here to view our cancellation policy Recognition of Traditional Owners We would like to acknowledge and pay our respects to the Arakwal people, the Minjungbal people and the Widjabul people of the Bandjalang Nation as the Traditional Custodians of the land on which our business operates and honour their connections to land, sea and community. We pay our respect to their Elders past and present and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples today.

agronomy

http://www.longchamp.com.de/metrop-mr1-fertilizer-for-root-growth/

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If you want to promote root growth in your plants, consider buying Metrop MR1 fertilizer. This is a high-concentrated growth fertilizer. This product contains both high-nitrogen and high-phosphorus ingredients to support healthy root growth. This fertilizer can help you grow plants at an accelerated rate, and its formula is also compatible with all kinds of plant types. Metrop MR1 High Phosphorus Growth fertilizer With a high phosphorus content, the Metrop MR1 high phosphorus growth fertilizer will make your plants’ roots stronger. This is especially helpful during the flowering stage, when the plant’s root system is critical for the strength and health of the plant. It also contains essential trace elements that plants need to produce hormones and vitamins. As a result, your plants will have a better taste and health. METROP MR1 is a high-concentration, fast-acting growth fertilizer with bio-minerals and natural extracts. Whether you’re cultivating in the ground or in pots, this nutrient is designed to provide all the necessary nutrients for root growth. It’s also biodegradable and free of harmful coloring. METROP MR1 contains magnesium and phosphorus for maximum root growth. The high-phosphorus content is important for the root system of plants, because most of their phosphorus content is in their roots. Because of this, your plants’ roots need to have plenty of phosphorus to grow big and strong. This fertilizer also contains magnesium, a key mineral for the correct synthesis of chlorophyll. Buy Metrop MR1 fertilizer for root growth If you want your roots to grow as big and strong as you want them to be, you need to use METROP MR1 fertilizer for root growth. This fast-acting concentrated growth fertilizer contains a high level of phosphorus. Combined with a root stimulator, this fertilizer will give your plants the nutrients they need to grow as big and strong as they can be. It is also suitable for hydroponics. It is 100% natural and does not contain harmful dyes or chemicals. It is made of pure raw materials, suitable for all substrates, and is non-toxic. Depending on the type of soil you have, you can apply this fertilizer every day. You should make sure that it is stored in a cool, dry place and that it is not in the reach of children. The high level of phosphorus ensures that root growth will be explosive. This fertilizer is also rich in potassium, which will help your plants grow more vigorously. It also contains a high amount of magnesium, which optimizes the synthesis of proteins and chlorophyll. A1- MR1 Growth fertilizer for sale A1 MR1 Growth fertilizer is a concentrated liquid plant fertilizer that contains high phosphorus and is specially designed for the growth phase. Its components are very pure and contain high concentrations of all the necessary macro and micro-elements for plant growth. It is formulated to deliver maximum yield, and is safe for use on all substrates. Metrop MR1 grow fertilizer is made from high quality plant extracts. It is free of harmful colouring agents and water-based solutions. All the raw materials used in its formulation are natural and pure. The product is biodegradable, and must be stored in a cool, dark place, away from direct sunlight.

agronomy

https://eutrema.co.uk/sulphur-fertiliser-the-forgotten-hero/

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When it comes to discussing essential elements for plant growth, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium often steal the spotlight. However, in the list of essential plant nutrients, sulphur, with its remarkable benefits, deserves recognition. Often overlooked, this vital element plays a crucial role in the development and overall health of plants. In this article, we will uncover the importance of sulphur in plant growth and its undeniable impact on the flourishing green world around us. Sulphur: A Powerful Ally for Plant Health Sulphur, a naturally occurring element, is a vital nutrient necessary for the synthesis of proteins, enzymes, and vitamins within plants. Just as we rely on protein for our growth and development, plants also require an ample supply of sulphur to thrive. Although plants do not require sulphur in as large quantities as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, it is by no means a micronutrient, and it needs to be available in good quantities for optimal growth. Sulphur deficiencies a modern problem! Up until the 1970s sulphur deficiencies in crops were fairly rare. This was due to factors. In the developed world, sulphur was being supplied to agricultural fields as dissolved sulphur dioxide; a pollutant from a number of industrial processes. As industry has cleaned up its act, and we have moved away from coal-fired power stations, the supply of sulphur nutrition from pollution has dramatically reduced. Secondly, the organic matter content of soils has reduced. Organic matter/ humus is a good source of sulphur (and some micronutrients) for plants. So together these two factors, reduced pollution and reduced organic matter content, have resulted in a number of crops suffering from sulphur deficiencies. However, there are two problems for growers/farmers wishing to address sulphur deficiencies. Firstly; sulphur deficiencies are hard to spot and often mistaken for signs of nitrogen or iron deficiency. This is because the main symptom is chlorosis of leaves, very similar to nitrogen deficiency. However, unlike nitrogen deficiency the chlorosis presents on younger leaves first. Unfortunately your plants may be suffering significant reductions in growth (stunting) before chlorosis become visible. The second major hurdle to addressing sulphur deficiencies is that many ‘complete/compound’ fertilisers completely lack sulphur. This is because sulphur can react with the other nutrients in the mix, and because many of these traditional ‘old school’ fertilisers were developed before sulphur deficiency became an issue. Therefore, I strongly advise that you check the label on your fertiliser and see if it contains a good amount of sulphur. If it does not, consider supplementing the feeding of your plants with one of these three sulphur fertiliser options: - Ammonium thiosulphate: A soluble form of soluble sulphur. Allows for both instant and medium-term sulphur release to the plants. - Liquid Gypsum: Combines calcium and sulphur. Also flocculates (breaks up) clay soils. - Lime Sulphur: Calcium and sulphur, but also has a sterilising effect on the plant surface and in the soil. So use when pests or diseases get out of hand. Very popular with rose growers to control Black Spot fungus. - Epsom salts: magnesium sulphate. A good option for lawns where you want to green them up, without stimulating excessive leafy growth. Avoid powdered sulphur as a fertiliser. It is not plant-available or soluble. Plus it is converted to sulphuric acid and acidifies the soil. The Role of Sulphur in Plants - Aiding in Protein Synthesis: Proteins are the building blocks of life, and sulphur plays a key role in their formation. Sulphur-containing amino acids, such as cysteine and methionine, are essential components of proteins. These amino acids provide structural stability and contribute to the functionality of enzymes, hormones, and chlorophyll molecules, thus supporting the overall growth and development of plants. - Enhancing Nutrient Uptake and Efficiency: Sulphur promotes the efficient uptake and utilization of other essential nutrients. It aids in the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, allowing plants to maximize the benefits of these macronutrients. Sulphur also contributes to the activation of enzymes responsible for nutrient metabolism, ensuring that plants have a well-balanced diet. - Stimulating Root Development: Strong and healthy roots are the foundation for robust plant growth. Sulphur plays a crucial role in the formation of roots by encouraging cell division, elongation, and differentiation. By facilitating root development, sulphur promotes better nutrient and water absorption, leading to overall plant vigor. - Boosting Disease Resistance: Sulphur is known for its fungicidal and bactericidal properties. By producing chemical compounds that inhibit the growth of pathogens, sulphur enhances the plant’s natural defense mechanisms. This reduces the risk of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and certain pests, ensuring healthier plants and higher crop yields. - Contributing to Flavor and Aroma: In addition to its essential functions in plant growth, sulphur also plays a role in enhancing the flavor and aroma of certain crops. For example, it is responsible for the distinctive taste and aroma of onions, garlic, and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cabbage. Sulphur compounds contribute to the pungent and aromatic qualities that make these foods so appealing. While often overshadowed by other essential nutrients, sulphur is undeniably critical for plant growth and overall plant health. From protein synthesis and nutrient uptake to root development and disease resistance, the role of sulphur is multifaceted and essential for the flourishing of plant life. By recognising the significance of this hidden hero, farmers and gardeners can unlock its full potential to cultivate healthier crops, promote sustainable agriculture, and nourish the world with bountiful harvests.

agronomy

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May7–June 12, 2010 Opening Reception Friday, May 7, 2010 from 6:30–8:30 PM Artist Talks at 6 PM Farming of the Future (Now is The Only Thing That is Real) | Malcom Smith Mary E. Bawden Scuplture Garden Aquaponics is a high-density food production arrangement that produces both plant matter and fish in one system with an absolute minimum of water usage. Very little power is required to operate the Aquaponic system. The lower part of the system houses the fish that create the fertilizer for the plants. The plants are contained in what is called a “grow bed” which sits above the fish tank. A single water pump propels nutrient rich water from the fish tank to the grow bed(s). Plants become a natural filter as they absorb nourishment from fish waste, reducing or eliminating the water's toxicity for the aquatic life while the water fills the plant container. Once the plant container is full a device known as an “auto siphon” drains sparkling water effortlessly back to the fish tank using only the power of gravity. No external power is needed for the auto siphon to operate. The water, now clean, is returned to the marine animal environment and the cycle continues. Aquaponic systems do not discharge or exchange water. The systems rely on the natural relationship between the aquatic animals and the plants to maintain the environment. Water is only added to replace water loss from absorption by the plants, and evaporation into the air.

agronomy

https://wilbraham-ma.gov/435/Community-Garden

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A Community Garden creates opportunity for recreation, exercise, therapy and education. Having a garden plot encourages self-reliance, provides nutritious food for your family and reduces a family’s annual food budget. The Wilbraham Community Garden grows in leaps and bounds each year with over 60 active gardeners growing veggies in plots varying from a 10 feet by 50 feet area to almost an acre. We also have four raised garden beds for those folks who have limited mobility. Garden plots are available on a first-come, first-served basis with priority given to returning gardeners. New and returning gardeners are invited to attend the annual spring sign-up meeting held at the Wilbraham Town Hall prior to the growing season. The exact date of the meeting is posted in the local newspaper. Garden plots are approximately 25 feet by 50 feet, or 1250 square feet, and the rental cost is $30 per plot. (as of 2017) There are several gardeners that share a plot each season to help alleviate the work and time. During the growing season, there is water on site as well as a portable toilet. If you are interested in joining us at the Wilbraham Community Garden, or if you would like more information, you may contact the garden coordinator Melissa Graves in the Conservation Commission Office at 596-2800, ext. 204.

agronomy

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India lives in villages and it has 649481 villages. The ground water table is going down in most of our villages. It is said that if third world war is fought it will be fought for water. To improve water table village ponds can help a lot. These ponds can be used for drinking water for the cattle and at times it can be used as irrigation of land. Ponds can also be used for fish farming. If we decide to have an additional pond of 5 hectare in each village built with the MNREGA scheme in the coming year and put it to use for fish farming. It can boost fish production of 9.7 lakh tonnes per annum taking an average of 3 tonne per hectare. Taking an average price of Rs 200 per kg it will be additional revenue of Rs 19400 crore to village panchayats. Even if the fish are to be used by panchayats for serving to the students in mid-day meal scheme free of cost it will improve the health of the students. A 5 hectare pond can give 15000 kg fish per annum and 300 kg of fish per week to the school can be sufficient to be served to 1500 children once per week. This quantity can be adjusted as per the number of students in the village schools. This will go a long way in improving the health of children in times to come. The ponds will also help recharge ground water and a source of water for cattle and irrigation.

agronomy

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Cowpeas are one of the most important food legume crops in the semi-arid tropics covering Asia, Africa, southern Europe and Central and South America. Cowpea is an important grain legume throughout the tropics and subtropics, covering Asia, Africa, and Central and South America, as well as parts of southern Europe and the United States. Cowpea, a drought tolerant crop, has the unique ability to fix nitrogen even in very poor soils. It is also shade-tolerant and, therefore compatible as an intercrop with many cereals and root crops. Subsistence farmers in sub-Saharan Africa usually intercrop their cowpea with maize, sorghum, millet, and cassava. Cowpeas are a common food item in the southern United States, where they are often called field peas. A subcategory of field peas is crowder peas, so called because they are crowded together in their pods, causing them to have squarish ends. These are an integral part of the cuisine in southern region of India. In TamilNadu during the Tamil month of Maasi (February) – Penguin (March) called Kozhukattai/Adai (steamed sweet cake) prepared with cooked and mashed cowpea bean mixed with jaggery, ghee and other sub ingredients. In Hindi, it is called ‘Lobhia’. According to the USDA food database, cowpeas have the highest percentage of calories from protein among vegetarian foodsCowpea, an important legume in the tropics, has many uses. In fresh form, the young leaves, immature pods and peas are used as vegetables, while several snacks and main meal dishes are prepared from the grain. All parts of the plant that are used for food are nutritious, providing protein, vitamins (notably vitamin B) and minerals. The cowpea haulm is also a great source of livestock feed, and therefore of great value to farmers.

agronomy

https://kesarworld.com/blogs/saffron/production-of-saffron

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Why is Saffron so expensive? Kesar, another name for saffron, is one of the most costly spices available. The labour-intensive saffron harvesting process and the comparatively low saffron yield per flower are the main causes of the spice's high price. In this piece, we'll look at the factors that make saffron valuable as well as the reasons why it costs so much. The stigma of the Crocus sativus plant, which only blossoms for a few weeks each year, is harvested to make saffron. Only three delicate stigmas are produced by each flower, which means they must be manually harvested before the bloom withers. One kilogram of saffron requires approximately 150,000 flowers to make, which explains why the spice is so expensive. The soil and climate requirements for saffron cultivation increase the expense of the spice in addition to the labour-intensive harvesting process. The Crocus sativus plant is indigenous to the Mediterranean region and needs a particular set of circumstances to flourish. The environment must be dry and sunny with mild winters, and the soil must be well-draining and abundant in organic matter. The areas where saffron can be grown are constrained by the absence of these conditions, which raises the cost of the spice. The medicinal qualities of saffron are another reason in its high cost. Traditional medicine has used saffron for thousands of years to address a variety of ailments, such as anxiety, PMS, age-related macular degeneration, and depression. Saffron may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may enhance mood and cognitive performance, according to some studies. Because of this, saffron is expensive and in high demand in the pharmaceutical business. Due to its expensive cost, saffron has become a target for fraud and adulteration. Some vendors may combine pure saffron with other ingredients like plastic fibers, pepper, or even turmeric to increase weight and volume while lowering price. In order to guarantee the quality and purity of their saffron purchases, consumers should exercise caution and only buy from reliable sources. As a result of its labour-intensive harvesting, restricted growing environments, medicinal qualities, and vulnerability to fraud and adulteration, saffron is expensive. Saffron continues to be a highly valued spice despite its high price, and its distinctive flavour and aroma make it a necessary component in many different cuisines all over the globe.

agronomy

https://www.chirpndalespetsupply.ca/my-rewards-organic-soak-serve.html

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A nutritious mix of canola seed, canary seed, white and red millet, safflower, corn, oat groats, buckwheat and red milo. Simply soak overnight to start germination, rinse in morning, and feed. Seeds become soft and more digestible. Soaking seed, starts the germination process, causing the protein levels to rise, and increases the levels of B vitamins. Wonderful during breeding season and when chicks are weaning. Can be very beneficial for weak/ill small birds, that do not have the strength to crack dry seed. Any seed left uneaten after a few hours, should be thrown out before it becomes sour, especially in hot and humid environments.

agronomy

https://silentsparks.com/2016/07/10/how-can-i-make-my-yard-more-firefly-friendly/

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Here are a few simple ways to attract your local fireflies (from Silent Sparks Chapter 8): Create an inviting habitat - Let the grass in part of your lawn grow longer by mowing it less frequently. This will help the soil hold more moisture. - Leave some leaf litter and woody debris in parts of your yard – this makes good habitat for larval fireflies. - Fireflies need moist places to lay their eggs, so preserve any wetlands, streams, or ponds in your neighborhood. Bring back the night - When installing or re-thinking your outdoor lighting, use only what you need to get the job done. - Use Dark-Sky compliant, shielded lighting fixtures; these direct light downward, where it’s most useful for safety and security. Use bulbs as low-wattage as possible to provide just the light you need. - Turn off outdoor lights when they’re not needed, or put them on timers or motion sensors. Reduce pesticide use - Avoid using broad-spectrum insecticides like malathion and diazinon. Instead, choose horticultural oils or insecticidal bacteria like Bt that will kill specific target pests. - Get informed about the health and environmental impacts of pesticides. Consider using organic or least-toxic practices and products on your lawn and garden. - Only apply pesticides when problems arise, never routinely. Don’t use Weed & Feed or similar products – they might seem convenient, but they put pesticide when and where it isn’t needed.

agronomy

https://bali.com/bali/travel-guide/culture/subak-bali-water-irrigation-system/

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Subak – a UNESCO World Heritage This irrigation system, which dates back to the 9th century but is still in use today, can be found in the agricultural areas of Bali and stretches through terraced rice fields and even connects the fields to nearby temples. Temple priests who practice Tri Hita Karana, a philosophy that seeks to bring harmony to the spiritual, human, and natural worlds, keep an eye on water management. The Bali Subak system is an ancient and intricate irrigation system that plays a pivotal role in Balinese agriculture and cultural heritage. This UNESCO-recognized agricultural system is not only crucial for sustaining the island’s agriculture but also holds deep religious significance and reflects the profound interconnectedness of the Balinese people with their environment. Religious Significance: The Subak system is deeply entwined with Balinese Hinduism, and its management is overseen by water temples, which are considered sacred sites. These water temples are essential for maintaining harmony between humans, nature, and the spiritual world. Balinese farmers believe that water is a gift from the gods, and the water temples act as mediators, ensuring proper distribution of water and coordinating planting and harvesting schedules. Complexity and Functioning: The Subak system is intricate, involving a complex network of canals, tunnels, weirs, and terraced rice fields. The water is sourced from rivers or springs and channeled through a series of canals to reach the rice paddies. A unique and democratic water-sharing system, called “Subak Sanggah,” is employed, ensuring fair water distribution to all farmers within a specific Subak community. The system relies on precise timing and coordination to control water flow. Water temple priests, known as “Pemangku,” carry out rituals and offerings to appease the gods and seek their blessings for a bountiful harvest. The priests also interpret natural signs, such as the behavior of birds or the movement of stars, to determine the appropriate time for planting and harvesting. Importance for the Balinese People: The Subak system is not only an agricultural technique but also a way of life and an essential part of Balinese identity. The system fosters a strong sense of community and collective responsibility among farmers. It promotes cooperation and harmony among neighboring villages, reinforcing the Balinese people’s interconnectedness with nature and each other. Temples Associated with the Subak System: Pura Taman Ayun: Located in Mengwi, Pura Taman Ayun is considered one of the most important water temples. It was built in the 17th century and served as the royal family’s temple, reflecting its historical significance and cultural importance. Pura Ulun Danu Batur: Situated on the shores of Lake Batur, Pura Ulun Danu Batur is a significant water temple in the Kintamani region. It is dedicated to the goddess Dewi Danu, who is the protector of lakes and rivers. The temple plays a vital role in managing the water supply for the surrounding rice terraces. Pura Ulun Danu Bratan: Located on the shores of Lake Bratan in Bedugul, this iconic water temple is a popular tourist attraction. It is dedicated to Dewi Danu and is known for its picturesque setting amidst the serene lake and lush surroundings. The Subak system’s preservation and maintenance reflect the Balinese people’s commitment to their cultural heritage and sustainable agricultural practices. It stands as a testament to the island’s harmonious relationship with nature and its deep-rooted religious beliefs, making it a unique and vital aspect of Bali’s cultural landscape.

agronomy

https://www.mendolakefamilylife.com/businesses/california-laytonville-juice-plus-

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Laytonville, California 95482 Vegetable gardens. Fruit orchards. They give us nature's bounty and provide the foundation for healthy living and good nutrition. The latest dietary guidelines and clinical research consistently emphasize that people need to eat more fruits and vegetables to improve their chances of living long and healthy lives. And scientists learn more every day about the nutritional power packed into every tomato, cranberry, and piece of broccoli. Antioxidants. Phytonutrients. Vitamins. Fiber. And more. Juice Plus+ provides the nutrition from 17 different fruits, vegetables, and grains in convenient and inexpensive capsule form. Juice Plus+ Orchard Blend contains seven of the most nutritious fruits around: apples, oranges, pineapple, cranberries, peaches, acerola cherries, and papaya. Juice Plus+ Garden Blend contains ten nutrient-dense vegetables and grains: carrots, parsley, beets, kale, broccoli, cabbage, spinach, tomatoes, and rice bran and oat bran. Taking Juice Plus+ capsules every day provides the nutritional foundation we so desperately need that is so lacking in our diets today.

agronomy

https://sullivancce.org/agriculture/sullivan-county-agriculture-and-farmland-protection-board

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The Sullivan County Agriculture & Farmland Protection Board (AFPB) was established by the Sullivan County Legislature in accordance with Article 25AA §302 of NYS Agriculture and Markets Law. The purpose of the AFPB is to: The AFPB consists of eleven members, identified as either Regular or Ex-Officio, nominated by the AFPB and appointed by the Sullivan County Legislature; and includes at least: four active farmers, one agribusiness representative, one member of the County Legislature, a representative from the Sullivan County Soil & Water Conservation District, the Commissioner of the Sullivan County Division of Planning and Community Development, the Director of the County's Real Property Services Office, a Cornell Cooperative Extension Agriculture Educator; and may also include an agricultural land trust representative. Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County currently provides staff assistance to the AFPB for administrative matters. Current Board Members Farmer: John Gorzynski, Gorzynski Ornery Farm, Chairman (Term expires 12/31/22) Farmer: Dan Brey, Breys Egg Farm (Term expires 12/31/24) Farmer: Ed Leonardi, Wildcraft Farm (Term expires 12/31/24) Farmer: Erika Malmgreen, Winterton Farms (Term expires 12/31/23) Farmer: Eugene Thalmann, Sprouting Dreams Farm (Term expires 12/31/26) Agri-Business Representative: Dr Joe D’Abbraccio, Catskill Veterinary Services (Term expires 12/31/23) Soil & Water Conservation District Representative: Willie Hughson (Ex-Officio) Sullivan County Legislature Representative: Luis Alvarez (Ex-Officio) Commissioner of Division of Planning & Community Development: Freda Eisenberg (Ex-Officio) Director of Real Property Services: Chris Knapp (Ex-Officio) CCE Sullivan Agriculture Educator: Michelle Proscia (Ex-Officio) All correspondence for the Sullivan County Agriculture & Farmland Protection Board (AFPB) should be directed to Cornell Cooperative Extension Sullivan County, to the attention of Melinda Meddaugh, Ag & Food Systems Issue Leader, email@example.com or 845-292-6180 ext. 116. Last updated May 17, 2023

agronomy

https://honey.ucdavis.edu/about/our-partners

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About Our Partners The UC Davis' College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences is #1 of its kind in the world. The Honey and Pollination Center is pleased to be working with: The Department is world renowned for its quality research, education and public service. Globally, it is ranked No. 7 by The Times Higher Educational World University Rankings. The UC Davis Bee Lab is home to world class research and extension programs supporting California’s beekeepers and growers, students, colleagues and the people of California. Programs include integrative research on honey bee and wild bee health, management, behavior, genetics, microbiology, ecology and conservation, as well as pollination of wild and crop systems. Members bring together collaborative teams to address pressing issues and longstanding challenges for bees and pollination. The California Master Beekeeper Program was established in 2016 in response to the ever-increasing numbers of California beekeepers. The program uses science based information to educate stewards and ambassadors for honey bees and beekeeping. Then this program is perfect for you! The mission of the California Master Beekeeper Program is to provide science-based education to future stewards and ambassadors for honey bees and beekeeping. The Viticulture and Enology department combines the sciences of viticulture and enology in a single research and teaching unit that encompasses all of the scientific disciplines that impact grape growing and winemaking. The LEED Platinum Teaching and Research Winery, made possible by a gift from Robert Mondavi, is the most advanced and most sustainable winery in the world. Currently the department is collaborating with the center doing mead research. The Department of Food Science & Technology is internationally recognized to make food safer, tastier, and healthier for consumers. Currently the department is collaborating with the center researching varietal honeys, analyzing nutrients and evaluating sensory attributes.

agronomy

https://capbotanica.com/gb/shop/3-l-audacieux.html

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NOURISHES & TONES Satureja, also called "Donkey Pepper" in French. Rich in rosmaniric acid (antioxidants) helping to restore and protect your skin barrier against external aggressions (cold, pollution, stress,...). The Savory is cultivated by a local producer in France. This extract is made with a first cold-pressed carrier oil used as a solvent to extract the properties of the plant. Cistus ladaniferus, recommended by Charlemagne's royal domains for its aromatic properties. Rich in monoterpenes helping to regenerate your skin tissue. The Cistus Ladanifer is cultivated by a local producer in France. This extract is made with a first cold-pressed carrier oil used as a solvent to extract the properties of the plant. Camelina sativa, cultivated in Europe since more than 3000 years. Rich in fatty acids (omega 3), vitamin E and antioxidants helping to calm and protect your skin. The Camelina is cultivated in France. Its seeds are slowly cold-pressed to extract the oil and preserve the high quality of its active ingredients. INCI: camelina sativa seed oil*, satureja montana extract*, cistus ladaniferus leaf extract*, cera alba*, anthemis nobilis flower oil*, rosmarinus officinalis extract*, helianthus annuus seed oil*, limonene* *From organic farming Nature & Progrès certified Fabriqué par GAEC Plantes des Cévennes, 48110 Les cambous, titulaire de la mention Nature & Progrès

agronomy

https://www.mediagrouponlineinc.com/2019/02/11/national-garden-bureau-releases-2019-year-of-the-marketing-materials/

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2019’s featured plants are snapdragon, pumpkin, Salvia nemorosa and dahlia. Each year National Garden Bureau (NGB), the non-profit organization that promotes gardening on behalf of the horticulture industry and its members, encourages the use of selected plants for its “Year of the” program. For 2019, they are: • Annuals: Year of the Snapdragon: A nostalgic plant that has been updated for today’s garden. • Vegetables/edibles: Year of the Pumpkin: A wide variety of sizes, shape and colors make this a very fun class to promote! • Perennials: Year of the Salvia nemorosa: Commonly known as Woodland Sage and is a great food source for pollinators. • Bulbs: Year of the Dahlia: Highlighted in cooperation with the American Dahlia Society, a respected organization that helped make the NGB dahlia photo library the most extensive in “Year of” history! Promotional marketing materials for the four 2019 “Year of the” classes are now available on the National Garden Bureau’s website.

agronomy

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Remember our first session this past season, "Super Wheat" with USDA wheat geneticist, Cheryl Baker? Remember she brought little vials of wheat for us to look at and taste? I got an email from the Slavens family a while back. They said, "Thank you for giving us the wheat. We planted it and look how much it has grown! Thank you lots! :)" Recently I received this update: "We have harvested the wheat and hope to get it cleaned, the old fashioned way, with a sheet and some breeze. Our goal is to eventually make some bread! Wish us luck!" Is that cool, or what? Good luck to you, and let us know how it goes with the bread!

agronomy

https://www.nmgk.ru/en/business/oilseeds-and-grain-operations/elevator-services/

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We, group of companies "NMGK" care for our relations with our partners - producers of agricultural products and we are always open to new opportunities for interaction. Our goal is a long-term, mutually beneficial cooperation with regional producers of grains and oilseeds. Advantages of cooperation with "NMGK" - Stability: If you cooperate with us, you choose reliable, proven partners. The guarantee of this is the history of purchasing growth of the Group, the success of GK “NMGK” products in the market and our aim to establish long-term relationships with raw materials suppliers; - Honesty in the receipt of agricultural products: automated control systems, modern equipment allows us to accurately and objectively determine the quantity and quality of raw materials; - Quality of acceptance, storage, handling and shipment services: we are constantly improving material and technical base of plant facilities, and we also closely monitor the quality of operations at all the stages. - Efficiency: We understand the importance of well-coordinated fast work in the height of the season - that's why we tend to promptly accept and pay for raw materials; - Flexibility: we tend to maintain good-neighborly relationships with the suppliers. Therefore, we are always ready for discussions and resolutions of various issues and problems. If you have questions about selling of raw materials and elevator services, please contact the head of the facility in your region.

agronomy

https://www.curacao.ubuy.com/en/category/health-household/household-supplies/paper-plastic/trash-compost-lawn-bags/lawn-leaf-bags-15755311

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Do lawn leaf bags come in different sizes? Yes, our lawn leaf bags are available in various sizes to accommodate different amounts of yard waste. You can choose the size that best suits your needs, whether you have a small yard or a larger outdoor space. Are lawn leaf bags reusable? While some lawn leaf bags are designed for single-use, there are reusable options available in the market. These reusable bags are typically made from durable materials and can withstand multiple seasons of use. Look for specifically labeled reusable lawn leaf bags if you prefer an environmentally-friendly and cost-effective choice. Can lawn leaf bags handle wet leaves? Yes, our lawn leaf bags are designed to handle wet leaves and other damp yard waste. The materials used are water-resistant and prevent moisture from seeping through, keeping the bag and its contents secure. You can confidently use these bags even during rainy seasons or after watering your garden. How do I close and seal the lawn leaf bags? Our lawn leaf bags feature easy-to-use closures that allow you to seal the bags securely. Once you have filled the bag with yard waste, simply gather the top edges and twist them tightly. Some bags also come with built-in ties or drawstrings for added convenience. Ensure the closure is tight to prevent any contents from spilling or leaking. Are lawn leaf bags suitable for other outdoor cleanup tasks? Absolutely! While lawn leaf bags are commonly used for collecting leaves and grass clippings, they are versatile enough to handle other outdoor cleanup tasks. You can use these bags for disposing of branches, twigs, and other garden debris. Additionally, they can be handy for organizing and transporting bulky items during outdoor events or camping trips. Do lawn leaf bags have reinforced handles for easy carrying? Yes, our lawn leaf bags are equipped with reinforced handles that provide a comfortable grip. These handles are designed to withstand the weight of the filled bag and make it easier to carry the yard waste to the designated disposal area. Say goodbye to flimsy bags with unreliable handles! Can I use lawn leaf bags for indoor storage? While lawn leaf bags are primarily designed for outdoor use, they can also serve as temporary storage solutions indoors. Whether you need to pack away seasonal clothing, kids' toys, or household items, these bags offer a spacious and affordable option. However, for long-term storage or delicate items, we recommend using dedicated storage containers. Are there eco-friendly options for lawn leaf bags? Yes, we have a range of eco-friendly lawn leaf bags that are made from biodegradable materials. These bags are designed to break down naturally over time, reducing their impact on the environment. By choosing eco-friendly options, you can contribute to sustainable waste management practices and minimize your carbon footprint.

agronomy

https://www.aprilrinehart.com/property/id/83607/caldwell/0-not-applic/16865-goodson-rd/635bf92986bb977f56cca997/

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Rare 5 acre building lot. Prior row crop ground with views and water rights. Quiet country living yet close to I84. Pressurized irrigation included. Building permit available. Limited CC&Rs and no HOA, no dues. Shared irrigation and road maintenance agreements in place. Note final address will be Edenbrook Ln, not Goodson Rd. The data on this website relating to real estate for sale comes in part from the IDX Program of the Mountain Central Association of REALTORS. All information is believed accurate but not guaranteed. The properties displayed may not be all of the properties available through the IDX Program. Any use of this site other than by potential buyers or sellers is strictly prohibited.

agronomy

https://youngredangus.com/regenerative-agriculture/soil-health-principles/

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Soil Health Principles Plant Diversity can be achieved in multiple ways. A producer can add a cover crop to their rotation, they can inter seed cover crops into their cash crop. Plant diversity boost a plants immune system so that it can fight off harmful parasitic fungi and also increases a plants drought tolerance. This is accomplished because plants of different species share micronutrients with one another. Plants of the same species will not share micronutrients with one another. Why not? Who doesn’t love cattle? Adding livestock to a system helps to improve any regenerative system. When properly manage, cattle can get armor on the soil by eating your cover crop reside or cash crop reside. Once the material has passed through their gut and place back on the ground their manure provides beneficial microbes and fertilizer to your system. Continual Living Root(Living Roots As Long As Possible) Keeping living plant roots in the ground year-round is the biggest challenge in a dry environment. This principle is in place because roots build soil structure through the secretion of exudates. Exudates bind soil particles together to form aggreges and aggreges build soil. Aggreges also allow for more water filtration allowing a producer to capture more moister in rain events. Living roots are important but it is also important to follow the 6th soil health principle of Know Your Context. It is the fall and it is too dry for a farmer to get a cover crop to germinate after corn, you might want to wait until the spring to get a cover crop established. We have had a challenge with wind erosion when trying to plant when it is too dry. Leaving armor on the soil is one of the most important soil health principles to follow. This is accomplished by leaving reside from a cash crop or cover crop rather than, bailing the residue for hay, over grazing it or tilling/ working the reside into the ground. Leaving soil armor reduces water and wind erosion, Keeps the soil moister in the ground during hot summer days and decreases water evaporation. The reside also provides protection for earthworms. Tillage is extremely destructive to the health of the soil. Tillage destroys fungal life, eliminates aggregate stability and decimates the habitat for earthworms, protozoa, nematodes, microarthropods and other beneficial microbial life. Incorporating no-till to minimize the disturbance within the soil ecosystem is the best way to start building up the life within our farm ground. Know Your Context The newest of all soil health principles might be just be my favorite. A farmer must know his climate, soils and goal for his farming operation and apply the first 5 soil health principles to the best of his ability. If you search soil health principles you will find that other people have different takes on the first 5 I listed. No farm is the same and applying the principles will look a little different in each environment.

agronomy

https://youthofthesun.com/2016/02/29/the-garden/

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About six months ago we decided to plant every seed we had from fruits and vegetables, along with plants from the local Farmers Market. We decided to grow our first garden together once we realized how great we feel after eating only organic fruits and vegetables. We also planted our organic garden out of curiosity. We live in Florida so the climate is perfect for our new outdoors project. So we did our research and found ways to germinate the seeds, feed, and graft the trees to promote rapid flowering. We found that manure was a great way to get our garden growing. Witnessing new life rooting from the seeds of the fruits and vegetables is a treasure. We strive to reap all the benefits from plant based foods. The garden is our sanctuary, our place of relaxation, growth and living enzymes! Sometimes we will excercise our bodies by the garden to breathe its eager vitality. Although we grew many seeds unfortunately some did not root, however many did! Including; pineapple tops, papaya seed, date seed, lemon seed, sunflower seed, avocado seed, coconut, mint and milkweed and patiently waiting to see some escarole, kale, jackfruit, mamey, lychee and apple trees.

agronomy

https://www.sjwtx.com/

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On April 18th, SJWTX implemented Stage 1 Watering Restrictions for all customers in Comal and Blanco counties. Landscape irrigation with a sprinkler or irrigation system will be limited to one day per week. Watering variances will not be approved during Stage 1 or any other declared drought stage. As weather conditions are forecasted to be drier than average through the summer months, we expect to move into progressive stages early this summer. To learn more about Drought Contingency, click on the service area you live in:

agronomy

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10 Reasons To Go Organic - Organic products meet stringent national standards. The “Organic Canada” label assures the public that products have been grown and handled using strict methods and guidelines. - Reduction of chemicals! Many herbicides and insecticides commonly used in agriculture have been shown to be endocrine disruptors, carcinogens or have a negative effect on a child’s development. The choice of certified organic products is a way to reduce exposure to chemical residues. This is even more true with synthetic ingredients found in conventional cosmetics. - Organic farms take water seriously. Organic farmers must manage their land and lives around bodies of water very carefully and are subject to annual inspections. The absence of synthetic fertilizers and persistent toxic chemicals makes organic agriculture more conducive to protecting our precious water supplies. - Organic farmers work in harmony with nature. Organic farming contributes to the formation of healthy ecosystems and biodiversity, both on and around organic farms and more importantly for promoting sustainability and ecological balance. - Biological methods reduce pollution and energy loss. More energy is needed to produce synthetic fertilizers from fossil fuels than to grow and harvest crops or transport food. Canadian studies show that organic farming practices can use as little as half of the energy required for other farming methods and help sequester carbon back into the soil. - Protecting the health of farmers and children. Farmers exposed to pesticides are much more likely to suffer from cancer than non-farmers or organic farmers. Children are more exposed than adults when they ingest pesticide residues in food. The choice of organic products reduces the exposure for children and farmers. - Organic Farmers Contribute to Healthy Soil. Soil is the very foundation of the food chain. Organic agriculture focuses on sustainable practices that promote healthy soil microbiology and prevent erosion leaving fertile soil that will feed future generations. - Organic farming is good for rural Canada. The Census for Agriculture has shown that organic farming families, on average, are more successful in harvesting than the typical Canadian farm and on average employ more people. - Organic producers strive to preserve genetic diversity. The loss of a wide variety of species (biodiversity) is one of the most important concerns of our time. Fortunately, for decades, many organic farmers have been collecting and preserving seeds and cultivating heritage varieties and breeding rare livestock breeds. - Organic is the only standard for non-genetically modified products enforced by the Government of Canada. Organic standards prohibit the use of GMOs in seeds, feed and feed ingredients as well as processed organic products. If you are concerned about GMOs, think before you eat: think Organic Canada! The ECOCERT®, COSMÉBIO and COSMOS standards that we follow in body care and cosmetics at Druide® Laboratories go even further than in agriculture, since all transformation processes are evaluated, as well as, all added ingredients, such as natural preservatives or natural stabilizers. No petroleum products are allowed and there is no testing on animals for ingredients or finished products. Two annual audits are done on-site and with all our suppliers for ingredients and packaging.

agronomy

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CONDUCTIVITY METERS AND WHY YOU NEED TO CALIBRATE 29 September 2019 An EC (Electronic Conductivity) Meter is a device used to measure the electrical conductivity of a solution. Small labs use these types of meters to help solve problems in the agricultural sector that concern the productivity of a soil. Calibrating Conductivity meters is important to ensure their abilities to measure how well solutions conduct electricity and remain accurate. You should calibrate the instrument each time it is used in order to get accurate readings at all times. How to Calibrate: Calibration of these meters require the use of a solution that has a known conductivity to adjust the meter so as to read that known conductivity when testing that solution. Metal containers will affect the conductivity of the solution, so it is important to always use a plastic container when checking and calibrating the conductivity meter. The calibration process of conductivity meters does require a keen and clean procedure to ensure the device is set to make accurate measurements. Contamination of the standard solution can cause its conductivity to vary away from the known. Conductivity of solutions also depends on other variables such as temperature, and such factors have to be considered correctly when calibrating a particular meter. Electronic calibration should be conducted by well-trained people, to handle such solutions and done in appropriate lab environments. For more than 30 years, Scientific Instrument Center has served businesses. We provide thorough, honest, and dependable services specializing in scientific equipment maintenance and scientific equipment calibrations. To inquire about our services, you may contact us or give us a call at (614) 771-4700. We are here to answer any questions you may have.

agronomy

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Summer CSA Half Share Family of two (Pick up every week) Pick up days: Sunday (9AM-5PM), Tuesday (9AM-6PM), Thursday (9AM-6PM) Fair Weather Growers Responsibility: Harvest produce that meets our high quality standard. Have shares packed and ready for pick-up on the designated days and time. Write and post Weekly Newsletter. We are a vegetable grower. Your box will be primarily vegetables. Fruits will be added only when available from local growers and feasible Members Responsibility: Pick up their share on designated day and within allowed timeframe. If you can’t pick up send a friend, family member, or coworker to pick it up. Read the Weekly Newsletter, will be email to the above email this is the primary way we communicate with all of our members; there is some very important information in it. Understand that your payment entitles you to a weekly share of produce and also the risk involved in agriculture. (Such as weather and crop failure). Understand that as a member of the CSA I share in that risk and accept unforeseen outcomes.

agronomy

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The Colombian Sugarcane decaf process is unique in its ability to retain exceptional flavour while using natural extraction methods. This process uses solvent produced from fermenting locally grown sugarcane. The delicate process of decaffeination begins by steaming the green coffee to remove the silver skins and increase porosity. They then soak them in the solvent which extracts the caffeine. The cup retains sweetness and the original character of the beans. Due to being processed at origin it also reduces the carbon footprint over other decaffeination processes. This coffee is also part of our flagship sustainability program.

agronomy

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Science on Tap - Growing Local Food: Small-scale farming in a big farm state Speaker: Dr. Brandi Janssen (Director, Iowa’s Center for Agricultural Safety and Health; Clinical Assistant Professor, Occupational and Environmental Health) In Iowa, agriculture looms large. The state is the number one producer of corn, soybeans, and hogs and, most years, eggs. Iowa’s Big Ag reputation has put the state in the epicenter of some of the most hotly contested debates about farming and the future of food production. But Iowa is also home to a robust network of smaller scale farms that supply ever-expanding statewide and regional food markets. The rhetorical tendency to pit conventional and alternative agriculture against each other becomes complicated when those two systems co-exist in rural neighborhoods. This talk considers the ways that local and global food systems overlap in Iowa, and how their interactions can contribute to a healthier local food system. Thursday, November 9, 2017 at 5:30pm to 6:30pm Hancher Auditorium, Stanley Cafe 141 Park Road, Iowa City, IA 52242

agronomy

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The SDMRK is a flagship institute under Indian Council of Agricultural Research to provide engineering solutions for overall prosperity and sustainability of farming systems. The mandate is fulfilled by providing national and international leadership by means of independent and coordinated research through the network of research centers established all over the country that results in developing commodity and location specific technologies needed by farmers and manufacturers. Transfer of agricultural engineering technology and education are also important activities of the institute. The efforts have resulted in about 250 technologies including research prototypes, processes, software and protocols besides many publications in the form of research papers, popular articles, technical bulletins, books etc. The activities of the institute are conducted through five research divisions, one Centre of excellence, four All India Coordinated Research Projects and Two Consortia Research Platforms. Besides, one arm of the institute located at Coimbatore also contributes to research and extension activities. The institute has adequate laboratory facilities and excellent infrastructure for support of all its endeavors – 93-hectare land, prototype fabrication workshops, state of the art library, guesthouses, hostels, auditorium and around 350 qualified and trained personnel. The developed technologies are transferred through licensing to private and public sector enterprises. Linkages with different institutes, international, central and state government agencies, NGOs, and industries also provide impetus to the spread of technologies. Testing of agricultural machinery, one of the major activities of the institute also helps to liaise with the agricultural machinery manufacturers.

agronomy

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Plot & Land € Sale by Tender CALL +357 22 45 55 45 The plot is situated in the area of Mavridia of Kalo Chorio village in Limassol District, with easy access to the Limassol - Agros road. It has a total area of 7,693 m² and falls within the Agricultural Panning Zone Γ3. (Reg. no. 4739, Sheet/Plan 47/40, Plot no. 331)

agronomy

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In the vast world of rice varieties, one grain stands out with an unrivalled aroma, slender shape, and exquisite taste – Basmati rice. Known as the “queen of fragrance,” Basmati has earned its royal status in the culinary realm for its unique qualities that set it apart from other rice varieties, rightfully establishing it as the best long grain rice in India. In this blog post, we’ll delve into the exceptional characteristics that make Basmati the best rice for daily use and the undisputed choice for discerning palates. The Basmati Legacy Originating from the foothills of the Himalayas, Basmati rice has a rich history that dates back centuries. The name “Basmati” is derived from the Sanskrit word “Vasmati,” meaning fragrant or aromatic. The unique geography and climate of the Himalayan region contribute to the distinct aroma and flavour of the best long grain rice in India. Best Rice for Daily Use When it comes to choosing the best rice for daily use, Basmati rice effortlessly claims the throne. Its long grains and fluffy texture make it a versatile staple that complements a wide array of dishes. Whether you’re preparing biryanis, pilafs, or simple steamed rice, Basmati adds a touch of sophistication to every meal. The Charminar Rozana Experience: A Case Study Charminar Rozana Rice, a trusted name in the world of Basmati, is known for its commitment to delivering the finest grains to households across India. Sourced from the heartland of Basmati cultivation, Charminar Rozana Rice undergoes rigorous quality checks to ensure that only the best grains make it to your kitchen. What sets Charminar Rozana Rice apart is its ability to consistently provide long, slender grains that cook to perfection, offering a delightful texture and an irresistible aroma. This makes it the best long-grain rice in India, catering to the culinary preferences of those who demand nothing but the finest. Are guests coming over? Well, fret not, as something like Charminar Rozana Basmati is well-placed to take care of all your culinary requirements there are. The Aroma of Basmati One of the most captivating features of Basmati rice is its enchanting aroma. The grains release a distinct fragrance during cooking, filling the kitchen with an inviting scent that heightens the anticipation of the meal to come. This natural fragrance is attributed to the specific compounds present in Basmati rice, creating an unparalleled sensory experience. Not only does the aroma add a sensory dimension to the dining experience, but it also indicates the quality and authenticity of the Basmati rice. The best rice is not just about taste and texture; it’s about engaging all the senses, and Basmati excels in this aspect. Cooking with Basmati The cooking process plays a crucial role in bringing out the best in Basmati rice. To ensure that you enjoy the full spectrum of its flavours and aromas, it’s essential to follow a few key steps. Firstly, rinse the rice thoroughly to remove excess starch, which can make the grains sticky. Soaking the rice for about 30 minutes before cooking helps achieve the perfect fluffiness. Use the absorption method, allowing the rice to absorb the water gradually, resulting in light, separate grains. For an extra touch of indulgence, consider adding a cinnamon stick, cardamom pods, or a bay leaf to the cooking water. These aromatic additions enhance the overall flavour profile of the Basmati rice, turning a simple side dish into a culinary masterpiece. Health Benefits of Basmati Rice Beyond its culinary allure, Basmati rice also offers health benefits that make it a wholesome choice for daily consumption. Basmati rice has a lower glycemic index compared to many other rice varieties, making it a preferred option for those mindful of their blood sugar levels. Additionally, Basmati rice is naturally gluten-free, making it suitable for individuals with gluten sensitivities or celiac disease. The long-grain rice is also a good source of complex carbohydrates, providing sustained energy without causing rapid spikes in blood sugar. Basmati rice contains essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and fibre. These contribute to overall well-being and make it a nutritious foundation for a balanced diet. By choosing Basmati rice, you not only indulge your taste buds but also nourish your body with a wholesome grain. Basmati in Global Cuisine While Basmati rice has deep roots in Indian cuisine, its popularity has transcended borders, becoming a staple in global kitchens. Renowned chefs and home cooks alike appreciate the versatility of Basmati, using it as a canvas to create diverse dishes that cater to a variety of palates. From Mediterranean pilafs to Mexican rice bowls, Basmati adapts seamlessly to different culinary traditions, adding its signature fragrance and texture to each creation. The global embrace of Basmati attests to its universal appeal and the cultural bridge it forms through the shared love of exceptional food. Sustainability and Basmati Farming As the demand for Basmati rice continues to rise, it’s crucial to address the sustainability of its cultivation. Basmati rice is primarily grown in the fertile plains of the Himalayan region, where responsible farming practices are essential to preserve the ecosystem. Many Basmati producers, including Charminar Rozana Rice, are committed to sustainable and eco-friendly farming methods. These practices not only ensure the long-term viability of Basmati cultivation but also contribute to the well-being of the local communities and the environment. Basmati rice, with its regal aroma, long grains, and exceptional taste, stands as the epitome of premium rice varieties. When searching for the best rice for daily use, Basmati emerges as the undisputed choice for those who appreciate the finer things in culinary life. Elevate your meals, indulge your senses, and savour the royal experience that Basmati rice brings to your table – a grain fit for kings and queens, now available for you.

agronomy

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Table of Contents The Farm is still high on energy as we all wrap things up so we can escape to the lake for a few days before my sister and family head back to their home in Virginia. On the agenda this week was freezing (preserving) sweet corn for my sister, mom, grandma, and myself! The corn was at its peak. There are many different ways to freeze sweet corn but we think we have perfected the process to a fine science. Since preserving corn is a bit of a mess, once you start, you may as well do as much as you can, especially if you have plenty of help. It’s no secret that many hands make for light work. We start by harvesting the corn, usually in the early hours of the day for cooler weather, and immediately husk the corn and take off as much of the silk as possible. You do not want to leave corn in the husk for too long or many of the sweet flavors will be absorbed into the cob. Cut off any abrasions or bad spots on the corn. If you are not used to handling sweet corn, there are two easy ways to tell if the corn is ready. If the kernels are dented, the corn is over-ready. On the other hand, if your fingernail pokes the kernel and the juice releases quickly, it is at its prime time to eat and preserve. After cleaning, always wash the corn and remove any more silk that may be on the corn. During this time, large pots of water should be brought to a boil so you can start cooking the corn as soon as it is cleaned. Place the corn in boiling water and bring back to a boil for five minutes. Remove the corn from the cooker and cool immediately in ice water. This cooling process will take a while; you want the center of the cob to be cold before you start cutting off the corn or it will not keep well in the freezer during the year. Make sure to have a lot of ice ready to use. Once cold, start cutting off the corn. We have found no easier way to remove the corn from the cob than by using the old-fashioned method of cutting with a sharp knife. It may take you a few ears to feel how deep to cut, but you will learn quickly. Place the cut corn in freezer bags or reusable boxes. Label and freeze! I have found that one five-gallon bucket of unhusked corn will yield close to seven pints of corn for the freezer. This corn will be the envy of anyone you share it with. It is immeasurably superior to the store-bought variety and is absolutely delicious!

agronomy

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Flower Food Fleur ‘Eau is a flower fertilizer that contains all the essential nutrients that flowers need to thrive. It is a water-soluble powder that can be mixed with water and applied to flowers to promote healthy growth and strong blooms. The product is specially formulated to provide a balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, along with other micronutrients such as iron and magnesium. One of the main benefits of Flower Food Fleur ‘Eau is that it is easy to use. Simply mix the powder with water according to the instructions on the packaging and apply it to your flowers. The product is suitable for use on a wide variety of plants, including flowers, vegetables, fruits, and herbs. Another benefit of Flower Food Fleur ‘Eau is that it is highly effective. The balanced formula ensures that your plants receive all the nutrients they need to grow strong and healthy. The product also helps to promote flower growth and overall health. In addition to promoting healthy growth, Flower Food Fleur ‘Eau also helps to improve the quality of blooms. The product contains high levels of phosphorus, which is essential for flower development. Regular use of Flower Food Fleur ‘Eau can help to promote larger, brighter, and longer-lasting blooms. Overall, Flower Food Fleur ‘Eau is an excellent choice for anyone looking for a high-quality plant fertilizer. The product is easy to use, highly effective, and suitable for use on a wide variety of plants. Whether you are a seasoned gardener or just starting out, Flower Food Fleur ‘Eau can help you to achieve beautiful, healthy, and vibrant plants.

agronomy

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This is a Bachmann HO Harvest Express. Streaking through the golden wheat fields of central Canada is the Harvest Express. As it hauls colorful hoppers bursting with grain, its powerful EMD GP40 engine ensures a bountiful harvest is swiftly delivered across the vast Canadian landscape. - EMD GP40 diesel locomotive with operating headlight and all-wheel drive - Three Canadian 4-bay cylindrical grain hoppers - Body-mounted E-Z Mate® couplers - 47″ x 38″ oval of snap-fit E-Z Track® including 12 pieces of curved track, 1 piece of straight track, and 1 plug-in terminal Rerailer - Power pack and speed controller - Illustrated instruction manual Shipping Weight: 9.5lbs Scale: HO 1:87 This product was added to our catalog on November 5, 2021 There are no reviews yet.

agronomy

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Summertime means delicious fresh fruits and vegetables, and July means cherries. Since starting my graduate thesis in tart cherry breeding, I have developed an adoration for cherry production, and if you love cherries, Michigan is the right place to be. Within the United States, Michigan produces around 75% of the nation’s tart cherries and Washington, Oregon, and California collectively produce 90% of the sweet cherries. The Cherry Family Tree Cherries belong to the Rosaceae family which originated in Eastern Europe. Other members of this family are peaches, strawberries, plums, apricots, apples, pears, raspberries, almonds, roses, and others. Within the Rosaceae family, cherries belong to the Prunus genus. The two cherry species that we grow for fruit are sweet cherries (Prunus avium) and tart/sour cherries (Prunus cerasus). Sweet cherries are a progenitor species of tart cherries: in the ancient past, sweet cherries hybridized with another species, ground cherry, to produce what we know today as tart cherry. Cherries were brought to North America by Europeans and are now grown across the continent, particularly in areas like the Great Lakes and the Northwest United States where the effects of climate extremes are reduced by the surrounding topography. So what’s the difference between sweet and tart cherries? The major difference, of course, is that one is sweet and the other sour, but there are several other differences in both physical characteristics and production practices. Let’s start with the different characteristics. Commercially available sweet cherries are typically large, dark purple colored, and firm. You may recognize names like ‘Bing’, ‘Regina’, and ‘Sweetheart’. Sweet cherries can also be lighter yellow with a red blush, like the popular cultivar ‘Rainier’. There are fewer commercially grown tart cherry cultivars, with the most common being ‘Montmorency’, which is smaller and soft with red skin and light flesh. Another tart cherry cultivar you may recognize is ‘Balaton’ which is dark purple in color. ‘Balaton’ is grown on a small percentage of the total tart cherry acreage and is more commonly found in farmer’s markets and you-pick locations than in grocery stores. ‘Balaton’ has a charming origin story and was brought to the U.S. by my advising professor Dr. Amy Iezzoni, read more about its history here. Sweet and tart cherries are both grown in monoculture over many acres of orchards and require similar growing conditions. Even though the two species are closely related they do differ in some cultural practices. One example of this is the use of fungicides to control the fungal disease Cherry Leaf Spot, which defoliates trees and is devastating to growers. Tart cherries are more susceptible to Cherry Leaf Spot than sweet cherries, and therefore require more frequent fungicide sprays. Because my thesis is regarding different host-tree responses to Cherry Leaf Spot and breeding tart cherries for resistance to it, I will save these details for another post. Nonetheless, there are slightly different cultural inputs for sweet and tart cherries. The biggest difference, however, is the end use of these two cherry species and how this changes the way they are harvested and the ideal traits for each. Sweet cherries are sold to consumers in the fresh market, while tart cherries are usually sold frozen and dried or as a component of baked goods, juices, and jams. Because sweet cherries are eaten fresh, they are picked and transported around the country shortly after harvest. This is why it is difficult to find sweet cherries out of season. Consumers prefer sweet cherries with the stem still attached, therefore all sweet cherries are hand-picked in order to keep the stems, which cannot be accomplished with a mechanical harvester. For fresh eating, it is preferred that the cherries be large in size and firm. Size appeals to consumers and increases grower profits while firmness allows the fruit to be transported long distances with less damage. Oppositely, tart cherries tend to be processed just after harvest and are eaten as an ingredient in other food products. They are typically soft and therefore difficult to transport as a fresh product. About two weeks prior to harvest, tart cherries are sprayed with a plant growth regulator, Ethephon, which loosens the stems from the fruit. This allows the cherries to be more easily harvested with mechanical shakers that grasp the trunk of the tree and shake the fruits from the branches, catching them on a tarp (*see links to videos below). Once collected on the tarp, a conveyor belt moves the fruit into a large square bin of cold water. This cold water helps to preserve the quality of the soft fruit. These bins are then taken to a platform, or cooling pad, where cold water is continuously pumped throughout the bins until they can be transported to a nearby processing plant that same day. At the processing plant, the pits will be removed and the cherries will eventually be made into products like canned pie filling, dried cherries, frozen cherries, jam, and juice. Because tart cherries are harvested using mechanical shakers, fruit can only be harvested from trees that are at least 6 years old: any younger and the trunk may break. This is a big restriction to tart cherry growers, as cherries can flower and produce fruit when they are 3 years old. To address this issue, alternative methods, such as the use of precocious dwarfing rootstocks and over-the-row harvesting systems, are being explored for both young orchards and high-density plantings. Tart Cherry Breeding Goals As mentioned in previous posts, plant breeders tend to target specific traits depending on the crop, environment, and needs of growers. As far as tart cherry breeding goes, Michigan State University is home to the only tart breeding program in the United States, led by Dr. Amy Iezzoni. As a student in this program, I have been lucky enough to see firsthand the progress made in improving tart cherry traits and the impact this work has on growers. So what are the traits being targeted in tart cherry breeding? You may have been able to guess a few from the above descriptions of various fruit traits and production practices. When it comes to fruit traits we are looking for larger and firmer fruits that have both red skin and red flesh, and detach easily from the stems for harvest purposes. Because consumers associate red color with cherries, it is the color preferred by processors. The current major cultivar ‘Montmorency’ has red skin but nearly clear flesh, so red food dyes are often added to cherry products; however, fruit with naturally red flesh would eliminate this use of added dyes. For processing, it is best if the fruits are round so that they sit appropriately in the pitting equipment, and firm enough that they do not break apart when the pit is poked out. It is also essential for the pit to be round so that it is not chipped by the machinery, freestone so that it easily detaches from the flesh of the fruit, and small enough so that it doesn’t take up too much of the fruit size but large enough that it is not missed by the pitting equipment. In addition to fruit traits we are breeding for increased fruit yields, resistance to Cherry Leaf Spot, and late bloom time. Later bloom time reduces the risk of yield losses caused by flower death in the occurrence of Spring frosts. Progress in breeding for these traits has been hastened through the use of genetic markers which provide information to be used in designing breeding crosses and selecting individuals. To learn more about how this technology is being used in breeding Rosaceous crops like cherries, visit these links for the RosBREED Project and Dr. Iezzoni’s Program and look for a future Cultivate Curiosity post on genetic markers in breeding. This summer, enjoy fresh sweet cherries while they are in season and keep an eye out for any local fresh markets with tart cherries! The rest of the year, enjoy tart cherries in pies, jams, juices, as well as dried and frozen. To learn more about tart cherry’s admirable qualities and to get some creative cherry recipes visit choosecherries.com.

agronomy

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Cowpea aphids are shiny black with white and black legs. They inject a powerful toxin into the plant while feeding and, when their numbers are high, this can stunt or even kill plants. While feeding, this aphid produces a considerable amount of honeydew upon which sooty mold can grow. Icipe research investigates the use of entomopathogenic fungi as biopesticide and also the use of parasitic wasps. P.O. Box 30772-00100 Nairobi, Kenya

agronomy

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An innovative kitchen composter made from recycled plastics that you can use even if you do not have a garden. Simple Composting at Home Bokashi Organko is a sophisticated and practical composter for organic waste disposal which eliminates inconveniences with collecting organic waste. Waste decay is the most frequent reason for unpleasant odor. The use of bran with beneficial micro-organisms ensures the fermentation process occurs properly and thus prevents decay. As a result, fermented organic waste is an excellent basis for first-rate compost. Without Unpleasant Odour Bokashi Organko has an airtight container that prevents the inflow of the air. This and the use of the bran with effective microorganisms that we put on the bio-waste we ensure that during the whole process the food does not rot, but ferment. During the whole fermentation process, there is no unpleasant odor of rotting even when opening the container. Effective Bran and Tap Bokashi bran consists of bran meal, molasses, and useful micro-organisms. The presence of natural micro-organisms in the Bokashi bran initiates the fermentation process and prevents decay. Fermentation liquid produced in the process can be used as an excellent fertilizer for plants or as a natural drain cleaner. For your Lush Garden A lush garden like never before! Finally, a garden full of plants, flowers and vegetables, and a fridge, full of home-made and healthy food. Try Bokashi composting and find a natural way for a more sustainable zero-waste lifestyle. For your Sustainable Lifestyle Give your lifestyle a more sustainable but simple solution - Bokashi Organko 1. This kitchen composter made from recycled plastics will get you a completely natural fertilizer for your plants and an organic drain cleaner. About this item Beginner set: the set contains everything you need for both beginners and already enthusiastic users. Effective microorganisms: due to the effects of micro-organisms in the EM scattering, waste does not rot. Vitamins, minerals and minerals are retained. First-class foundation for compost: during the fermentation process, some pesticides and other environmentally harmful substances are decomposed. The resulting blend provides a first-class foundation for the compost. Set contents: 1 x composter, 1 x EM spreading 1 kg, accessories (1 x smoother, 1 x colander, 1 x measuring unit for scattering, 1 x drip container), 1 x user manual (English language not guaranteed). Dimensions: 38 x 27 x 32 cm (H x W x D), volume - 16 litres, material - recycled, environmentally friendly materials, made in the EU. Colour Olive green Brand Skaza Exceeding Expectations. Capacity 16 litres Item dimensions L x W x H 32 x 27 x 38 centimetres Item weight 1 Kilograms

agronomy

https://www.naturesgoldusa.com/blogs/news/farming-together-to-bring-you-the-best

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May 29, 2018 At Nature’s Gold, our number one priority has always been to produce high standard products with elite natural ingredients. Manuka Honey is a featured ingredient in all of our products, and we are always researching initiatives to ensure the Manuka Honey in our products is the best quality around. In March 2018, Nature’s Gold helped to incorporate the Australian Farming Together/ABC Honey co-op initiative, which allows beekeepers to share in the profits from the entire chain of the hive to the consumer. Beginning with production right up to the end user, beekeepers benefit. Forming a co-op and undertaking a joint venture with Nature’s Gold has helped apiarists invest in technology to create the highest standards of Australian honey for the world to enjoy. By collaborating with ABC Honey and Nature’s Gold, the co-op has been able to create a stand-alone packing house, and install a sophisticated honey aeration plant to secure a major supply contract. The co-op also offers packing services to all members of the co-operative under their own labels. The co-op is also preparing to introduce mobile extraction units for the honey, which creates a natural process for preventing raw honey from crystalizing. Aeration plants are used extensively overseas, but are an Australian-first. Working collaboratively allows beekeepers to save money, potentially make more money, and ensure their honey stays at a high-standard from the hive all the way to the end customer, whether those customers are local or overseas. “Co-operatives are the building blocks of all great economic activity, they formalize loose partnerships and make them work for the benefit of all the members,” - Richard Symes Cooperative Co-founder. This exciting new collaboration for Nature’s Gold means that we can ensure we maintain healthy relationships with the elite beekeepers across Australia, whose quality standards are only the best. Leave a comment Comments will be approved before showing up.

agronomy

https://www.carbohort.com/en/products

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Our natural and ecological substrate suits perfectly for soil and soilless cultivation of every plant species. It consists of naturally selected fractions of soft brown coal, that can successfully be used to improve the overall quality of soils, including light soils. Brown coal (lignite), as a rich source of humic substances (humic, humin acids and their salts), plays a key role in maintaining fertility of soils and providing plants with mineral compounds. It ameliorates physical, physico-chemical and biological properties of soils. Humic substances regulate the concentration of soil solution through sorption and release of the elements into solution. They also effectively protect soil environment and the ecosystem from effects of heavy metals contamination. is a natural and ecological plant nourishing formula, created from the rich in humic acids Polish leonardite mineraloids, located directly above lignite deposits. It contains concentrated humins, fulvic and humic acids, conducive to the formation of humus in the soil, which is the main source of nutrients for plants. Carbohumic improves the structure, increase the abundance of soils and stimulate their microbiological activity. Carbohumic is much more effective than the commonly used manure and compost, which quickly mineralize and do not allow to create the proper amount of humus. Scientific research has proved that field crops, in which Carbohumic was applied in combination with Carbomat substrate, were characterized by a higher yield, and the plants retained all nutritional properties. CarboHort Sp. z o.o. Ul. Jeżynowa 1 62-002 Suchy Las + 48 506 383 715; + 48 506 066 663; +48 506 066 663

agronomy

https://redshift.autodesk.com/agricultural-engineering/

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When you think of nontraditional farming methods or agricultural engineering, you may picture greenhouse-type configurations of Bluetooth-enabled seed beds. You might also see stacked shipping containers filled with row after row of greens, herbs, and vegetables. Indeed, today’s farming is quite different from the farming of just a generation or two ago. But in many cases, agriculture conglomerates have purchased independent farms to create megasize industrial farms that are good for one thing: churning out lots of food. Sure, it feeds the beast of modern food supply, but at the current pace of production, these megafarms won’t be capable of keeping up with the population of the future—and they certainly don’t appeal to consumers who worry about the impact of their food choices on the environment. The grow-your-own food movement is fueled in large part by these consumers’ demands. The ultimate answer to easing your own food fears is to be your own farmer, but traditional farming methods don’t suit a modern, urban life. This void of farming alternatives has inspired engineering startups, empowered by accessible design tools such as Autodesk Fusion 360, to create smarter, more efficient farming models. Here are three examples of farming alternatives using agricultural engineering to change the way the world gets its food. Most grocery-store foods are lackluster versions of the beautiful, vibrant produce farmers grow. That’s because the produce is often picked early and forced to sustain a long transport—in some cases traveling thousands of miles or across oceans—from the farm to the store. By the time you get the produce home, you may have a mere 48 hours before it is wilting or rotting. That reality is what drove agrilution to create the plantCube. “We are not just another startup building another DIY home-growing device,” says Maximilian Loessl, agrilution’s cofounder and CEO. “The concept of agrilution at its target is much bigger. We are creating a home-growing ecosystem where the best, freshest, healthiest, and tastiest greens are the focal point.” One key way agrilution enables DIY growers’ success is by using the power of modern technology to make growing as seamless—and as painless—as possible. “The agrilution ecosystem consists of a fully automated home growing device, the plantCube, and an app to remote-monitor and control what’s growing in the plantCube, to connect with other users, and to buy new refill varieties,” Loessl says. The plantCube is roughly the size of a dishwasher. The climate-controlled device can replicate conditions of any country, so if you are keen on growing special produce for Japanese or Chinese cuisine, you could do so, say, from your house in coastal Georgia or the highest elevations of the Rockies. But the greatest power of technologies like plantCube is its impact—or rather its lack of impact—on the resources that are already vulnerable because of standard farming methods. “The sustainability advantages of vertical farming technology are vast,” Loessl says. “We use zero pesticides and only 2 percent of the water used in conventional agriculture, only 40 percent of the fertilizer, 50 percent of the space, and zero arable land is needed. But the greatest impact our products make is to reconnect people with what they eat and how plants grow. Growing your own food makes you more aware of what and how you eat and buy.” Bright Agrotech’s ZipFarms In the realm of vertical farming, Bright Agrotech is taking to the skies, literally. Its ZipGrow towers, which leverage true vertical-plane farming, can line the sides of buildings or fill vacant lots while still producing more food than conventional farming methods could yield in the same plot of land. ZipFarms rely on hydroponic growing. “Hydroponics is great in a few different ways,” says Bright Agrotech CEO Nate Storey. “One, it is very lightweight. It removes a lot of the complications of working with soils. It allows us to concentrate production in a way that minimizes the use of fossil fuels and machinery, and it’s formulated, so we know exactly what’s in it, and we know exactly how it will impact plant growth, and we know exactly what kind of nutrition value of that plant will be, because everything is highly standardized.” This soilless growth allows for high-density production in unlikely places, and it allows farmers to crop up anywhere. “It’s way more accessible than having to go out and find 50 or 60 acres that you can buy or lease to farm,” Storey says. “Ninety-eight percent of the population lives in cities now, and 2 percent live in rural areas. If we really want to grow food close to the source, then we’re growing in developed areas where land is really expensive. We have to figure out a way to grow with much, much higher density. You can’t stack fields on top of each other, but you can grow hydroponically in superdense configurations.” From mom-and-pop growers to restaurant-scale projects, Bright Agrotech has seen a dramatic increase in interest and use of its products in the past three years. Customers are planting the seeds for big change—starting with basil, mint, kale, watercress, and other leafy greens. “The best kind of herbs and greens are the ones that are not bred for transportation,” Storey says. “What that means is, if you can grow those closer to the market, you can grow them more efficiently, get them to the customer, and get the customer a much higher-quality product.” Livin Farms’ Hive The same eco-friendly food movement that has given way to home farming, vertical farms, and kelp gardens has also spurred the creation of a bug-farming device. That’s right: Livin Farms, a company based in the UK and Hong Kong, has developed a product, called Hive, that helps you seed, grow, and harvest bugs. “Edible insects, such as mealworms, that you can grow inside your Hive are sustainable to raise, they need very little water and energy and can be raised on food that is in no competition with human food,” says Katharina Unger, founder and CEO of Livin Farms. Unger knows this is unsure territory. “We are excited that the Hive really does make people rethink how and what they eat,” Unger says. “It’s a cultural and a paradigm shift that comes with edible insects becoming part of the Western diet. But it’s a healthy and sustainable one. We love to be at the forefront of a movement that really does get people to make a conscious choice.” These three examples of agricultural engineering are the tip of the green iceberg—and where they grow, so grow many more like them. Traditional farming will likely be antiquated within a few generations, and in its place will be brilliant solutions for modernized food production. After all, the collective mind-set is moving from one that simply demands food to one that questions every aspect of that food: Where did it come from? Who grew it? What was its impact on the environment? There’s no better way to answer those questions than to know the farmer personally—or, rather, to be the farmer yourself.

agronomy

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Semi-Dry Cider - 5.5% ABV The newest in our Storm Cider series, Hurricane Teddy semi-dry cider. On September 23, 2020, Hurricane Teddy hit Nova Scotia as a post-tropical storm. While it wasn’t nearly as destructive as predicted, a few unlucky apple farms in the Annapolis Valley lost nearly all their apples. This cider was made from those salvaged apples. Bright and bubbly. Smooth and well balanced with notes of fresh apple, white cranberry and kiwi. Delicate aromas of pear and green apple. With the storm cider series, we help our local fruit growers by taking what would have been a lost crop and turning it into a premium, one of a kind product.

agronomy

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The scorching heat last Saturday morning didn’t discourage visitors from attending the Bi-Annual Secret Garden Tour, sponsored by the Sea Cliff Beautification Committee. Since 1997, committee members have identified “hidden retreats” in the village that residents can explore in a self-guided walking tour. “This is a big year for Beautification because it’s our 60th anniversary,” said Gwynne Lennon, a member of the Garden Tour committee. “There are nine stops, including six private gardens, and we try to keep the gardens secret until the day of the tour.” The event celebrates “home-grown horticulture” in Sea Cliff and flaunts the “floral ambitions” of some of the village’s residents. Among this year’s stops were a micro farm, a garden vista with water views and elaborate perennial shade gardens. “People will be able to see beautiful suburban gardens, a smaller garden based on a French landscape design, and one stop which is very creative is the micro-garden,” Lennon said. “The family sells veggies throughout the season in their front yard.” Donna and Peter Kianka have nurtured a micro-farm since 1989, when they moved to the village. What began as a few modest plantings along the north end of their property has blossomed into small “maze” that fills the backyard, abundant with herbs, fruits and vegetables. This is the first year their home was featured on the tour. “We put it off for a couple of years because it’s a little bit of a maze, but we had faith that people would be able to navigate it,” said Donna, who is an herbalist by avocation. Her husband’s interest in farming grew out of spending summers on his grandparents’ 90-acre farm in New Jersey. He called sharing his expertise with fellow plant-lovers “fun.” “I like answering their questions and running into people who also like to garden, and they give me some ideas, too,” Peter said. “We had one guy come earlier, and we were sharing advice regarding irrigation systems and whatnot.” The micro-farm boasts more than a dozen raised beds bursting with vegetables like tomatoes, onions, peppers, corn, beans, carrots, cucumbers, garlic, squash and eggplants. Lining the beds are vibrant marigolds, which act as a natural insecticide, true to the Kiankas’ tradition of organic farming. “We would like to see more people growing their own herbs, avoiding all those pesticides, and we’d like to see more of an interest in vegetable gardening,” Donna said. “I think it’s better for your health, and it renews the spirit to be out cultivating and nurturing plants.” Just across from Pirie Park, on Summit Avenue, Nancy Gordon, another first-time exhibitor, greets guests visiting her clifftop garden, which blends stone, metal, wood and greenery into one tranquil scene. She said her green thumb was only recently realized, when she saw the opportunity to transform the eroding cliffside of her new home into a planter’s paradise. It took over 10 years to complete, which included the building of tiered retaining walls. “I’ve always loved the garden tour, and it’s been a lot of fun being a host,” Gordon said. “We’ve been working very hard the last three or four years to restore the backyard.” Hydrangeas, roses and boxwoods border the stone stairwell at the top of the cliff. Taking a closer look in between the stones, one can see a cultivation of Irish moss, sedum and other succulents flourishing in the cracks. Farther down on the patio, surrounded by shade plants, visitors are offered panoramic views of the waterways below. “In my last house, I didn’t have the spots that I have here [to garden], so this is really fun for me, but the lead-up to it is really the most fun,” Gordon said. “I like the idea of it being a secret.” Down a shady, winding road, self-proclaimed anglophile Posey Heisig, who has been designing gardens for 30 years, gives tour-takers detailed descriptions of her own secret garden, which emulates the ethereal landscapes of southwestern France, a beloved destination she and her family used to visit every summer. “The French designers of the 17th century weren’t out of their minds,” Heisig said, explaining the garden’s layout. “There was a reason they built the châteaus [on top of hillside] and the gardens down [below].” The result is a cascade of roses, peonies and hydrangeas into Heisig’s backyard, which is dotted with upcycled antiques — think refurbished doors and wrought-iron benches. Two lines of manicured bushes cut a walkway through the middle of the space to Heisig’s back porch. At the center of it all stands a marble fountain, burbling with glee. On the side of the house, handmade mosaics crafted from shards of old tea sets provide a pop of color. “I don’t like what’s going on in the world today, so I make my own world here — this is my little paradise,” Heisig said. This is the third year Heisig has put her immaculate gardens, which span three lots, on display. She enjoys the visitors, especially those with green thumbs. “I think gardening people are the nicest people in the world,” she said. Check out next week's edition of the Herald Gazette for more photos from the tour.

agronomy

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My mom-in-law is known for her soul-satisfying Southern cooking. If I lived closer to her, I’d gain a lot of weight but probably be less stressed thanks to all those endorphins she brings to the table. She also has some fascinating stories from her childhood growing up on a farm in the Tennessee countryside during the 1940s and 50s. She’s seen the advent of electricity, indoor plumbing, and automobiles. She’s picked cotton by hand. I had to get all these stories down on paper to save for generations, and why not save those recipes, too. Last summer I published her book of stories and recipes, also photos of food, farm, and even farm crops since most kids these days have no idea what okra flowers or purple-hull pea pods look like. I’m glad my own kids have helped harvest the crops from my in-laws’ current big vegetable gardens. Stooping in the heat and buzzing insects to pull potatoes out of the dirt and snapping a giant pile of green beans to ready them for canning are meaningful life experiences in my books. Don’t take for granted where your food comes from, and appreciate those farm laborers. I had the book printed for family only through Lulu.com since I only needed about 20 copies. Lulu did a fine job on the color interior! I scanned old photos, including some faded b&w ones, at 300 dpi and used high-resolution digital photos taken with my decent-quality Nikon Coolpix. Lulu’s color printing is not meant to make glossy, pro-photography, coffee-table style books or color-illustrated children’s books, but is just fine for family books with smaller size photos or art. The price was right, too. The 36-page paperback, 8.5” x 11” size, was about $18 each. Can’t beat that for color printing. I uploaded a photo taken in my in-laws’ kitchen for the cover and used a free Lulu cover template. Note from my last post, Far-reaching Effects of Family Stories, that Theresa had trouble with Lulu’s printing of her b&w photos. I’ve never had trouble with that before, but that’s something to take into consideration – and always get a print proof copy to head off any problems. We are thrilled to have Grandma’s cool stories and those recipes saved. Even if we never make some of those rich recipes, they are of historical and cultural interest. Food was a big part of farm life. Homemade boiled custard, mmm. Farming sure has changed over the years. If you’ve got farm stories in your family, write them down to save. Even if you don’t have Grandma’s recipes, you can still write about the food. Tell what you do know and let the younger generations taste it in their hearts and minds. PS: I enjoyed Carol Bodensteiner’s memoir of farm life back in the day, Growing Up Country: Memoir of an Iowa Farm Girl.

agronomy

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Keeping chickens has been such an enormous pleasure. There’s something very relaxing about them, their movements, the noises they make, their behaviour … it’s a much more pleasurable experience than I’d expected. And of course, fresh eggs every day. We’d been thinking about getting chickens for a couple of years. Our garden is a reasonable size, but not huge (about 30 metres long), so we had to think about how we’d fit them in. After a lot of research and a chicken keeping course at Mantel Farm in Catsfield, we finally succumbed last September. We bought three: Marge (a Light Sussex, the white one); Phyllis (a Cuckoo Maran, the speckled one); and Hilda, (a Skyline, the brown one). They quickly established a pecking order: Marge at the top, although she’s the most placid and doesn’t mind being picked up, and Hilda at the bottom, she’s the least placid and hates being picked up. The names come from Jo’s three great aunts – long dead now, but she thinks they would have approved. We did wonder what the cats would make of them, but after being a little alarmed at first, they’ve quickly accepted them as part of the family. Their house and enclosed run came from ‘Buttercup Farm’, an online retailer – expensive, but very solid and completely fox proof. The chicken house part is 1.8m x 1.2m, the attached covered run is 2.4m x 1.2m. It did need a bit of modification though to block up the eaves (installing a covered air vent instead) and fitting a door jamb. The house wasn’t designed for coastal environments where the rain falls horizontally. We tried a number of different feeds, but eventually settled on Marriage’s Organic layers’ pellets, which they seem to like best. We also give them ‘treats’ made up a mixture of dried maize and mealworms. Treats are how you get chickens to co-operate – once they learn the sound of a shaken treat box, they’ll go anywhere you want them to. We also give them a tin of tuna occasionally – they love tuna, and it provides lots of protein. But overall, chickens seem to eat more or less anything: worms, snails, woodlice, spiders, grass, weeds, courgettes, cabbage, and indeed your favourite plants if you let them. On this diet, they lay about an egg a day each – a bit less in the depths of winter. Hilda, the Skyline, lays blue eggs. The other two lay brown eggs. The floor of the enclosed run (which is just earth) is covered with a 100cm or so layer of hardwood chips, which are cheap and work well, giving the chickens something to scratch around in. The coop part is quite large, and has allowed us to use a ‘deep litter’ system. You don’t hear much of deep litter chicken management nowadays. It used to be popular, but was abandoned in favour of more ‘hygienic’ methods. But I wanted to try it as it’s how my Dad used to keep chickens, in the garage in Chobham at the house where we lived until I was five years old (we didn’t have a car then). ‘Deep litter’ was something I heard every day, and was quite probably one of my first words. The idea with deep litter is that you turn the floor of the chickens’ indoor housing into a sort of compost heap. That requires a bit of modification to the housing. I asked for the pop-hole (where the chicken pop out) to be raised six inches above the floor when I ordered the housing, and I had to put a board across the bottom of the door opening. You put in a deep layer of bedding, and allow the chickens to scratch around in it, mixing their droppings in. A natural decomposition process starts, with an ecosystem established in the litter, from microorganisms up to predatory arthropods, and indeed the chickens themselves. The advantage of deep litter is that you don’t have to clean it out for months; the disadvantage is that it has to be quite carefully managed to make sure the process works as it should, maintaining the right kind of decomposition of the droppings and the right microflora in the bedding. I used hemp bedding, which is very absorbent and stops the litter getting too damp. If the moisture content gets too high, the droppings will decompose producing ammonia, which is toxic. I put in a 150cm layer, and rake it over once a week, using a cultivator hoe to make sure air remains in contact with the droppings and hemp bedding throughout. It’s been there for six months now, and there’s no sign of any ammonia odours, it still smells as sweet as when I put it in. I was thinking it would need changing after six months, but I’m going to leave it longer now. The chickens like it, scratching around in it and picking out insects that are now in the bedding helping the decomposition process. It’s also still quite dry, which seems to be more to do with the extraordinary absorbing properties of the chopped hemp. Using the deep litter system, the rest of the weekly clean-out (cleaning the nest boxes, washing their perches, refilling their oyster shell and grit, generally tidying up) takes about half an hour. When we’re out in the garden (or in the summerhouse, which is close to the chickens) we let them out into a larger, uncovered run. It’s not fox proof, but is fairly robust – we’ve used chicken fencing from Omlet, an online supplier – pricey, but good quality and easy to move around. Throughout the winter, they roamed our vegetable patch (with our winter kale and spring cabbage carefully enclosed in a cage), which worked really well, they scratched it over, fertilised it, and got rid of all the weeds. Now they’ve moved on to their summer quarters, part of the lawn and our ‘wild area’. So it’s been an enjoyable experience. Marge, Hilda and Phyllis are part of the family. They provide us with eggs and endless, calming entertainment. If you’re thinking about chicken keeping, I can recommend it. And if you’re not thinking about it, and you’ve got the space, do consider it!

agronomy

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Our Healing Center Our healing center and ecolodge is located about a 2 hour drive from Tena and Misahualli deep into the Amazon rainforest. Ever since its creation many years ago, it has been a place where people from around the world and from all walks of life have been welcomed to experience our culture and learn the healing ways of the forest. Our farming is deeply rooted in permaculture and ancient Kichwa cultivation methods. Our fields are located within the forest and utilize its natural biodiversity. You are welcome to join us in our daily efforts and explore how crops are raised in the rainforest. The most important crop is yuca, a nutritional, delicious root harvested throughout the year for the well being of the family and all our guests.

agronomy

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Many people opt for gardening as a hobby, and why not, it is one of the most relaxing and comforting things in life. However, your lawn requires extra care, and sometimes you’ll find yourself in need of helpful tools to aid you with the process. One of such necessary and beneficial tools is a backpack sprayer. You might stay frustrated with outgrown weeds consuming your beautiful flower beds, and irregular grass patches may have driven you to your breaking point. If you want to ease your gardening struggles, a good-quality backpack sprayer can be the perfect solution to most of your lawn problems. In this article, we’ll inform and help you with choosing the best backpack sprayer for your needs. Let us dive right into it. Comparison of 10 Best Backpack Sprayers in 2020 |Chapin Commercial Backpack Sprayer|| |Field King Professional Backpack Sprayer|| |Field King Max Backpack Sprayer|| |Roundup Heavy Duty Backpack Sprayer|| |M4 MY4SONS Backpack Sprayer|| |Scotts Professional Sprayer|| |Hudson Commercial Bak-Pak Sprayer|| |Solo High-Performance Backpack Sprayer|| |Petra Backpack Sprayer|| |VIVOSUN Sujer Backpack Sprayer|| Top 10 Best Backpack Sprayer Reviews in 2020 Here are the product reviews for the best type of backpack sprayers you can get your hands on today. 1. Chapin Tree and Turf Pro Commercial Backpack Sprayer Chapin 61900 Turf Pro Commercial Backpack Sprayer is a top-rated backpack sprayer that features a four-gallon tank with a wide opening at the top for convenient refilling. The opening measures around five inches and the tank has a translucent design to make it easier for the user to check the current level inside the container. Most notably, this sprayer works with most conventional pesticides, fertilizers, and other gardening chemicals. Chapin 61900 Backpack Sprayer has a few safety and comfort features for the users that might help you during your gardening endeavors. First, it has a unique three-stage filtration system that combines with the built-in filter to offer a complete and efficient spray. You can remove, clean, and replace the in-tank filter whenever needed. Second, the turn-off assembly of this tank has a cushioned grip, consists of three variable nozzles, and has an analog pressure gauge to check current pressure. Lastly, the straps of this tank have a padded design for prolonged work without hurting your shoulders. This backpack sprayer operates at 40-60 PSI and has a flow rate of 0.4 – 0.5 GPM. The packaging includes a detailed instruction manual, and manufacturers provide in-house customer support for this product. 2. Field King Professional Backpack Sprayer Field King Professional 190328 Pump Backpack Sprayer is a handy gardening tool that comes with a no-leak design to prevent chemicals from getting in contact with your skin, especially on your back. It has a four-gallon tank, and the internal piston provides an optimum pressure of around 150 PSI. Manufacturers of this product claim to provide 65% higher pressure than regular best backpack sprayers so you can access hard-to-reach areas with multiple pattern designs. Field King Professional Backpack Sprayer has a durable design to last through tough gardening and spraying work. It requires minimum maintenance, and you can repair it without the use of any tools. It features a 21-inch poly wand with optimum quality vacuum seals that you can use with wettable powders or compatible liquids. Additionally, the internal brass components ensure a premium shut-off and operation of the product. It also features a four nozzle system that includes an adjustable brass nozzle, two flat fan nozzles, and a foaming nozzle. More importantly, this product also accepts TeeJet nozzles for user convenience. This top-rated backpack sprayer has a unique one-way valve to prevent spillage in case of tank inversion. It comes with a threaded bolt for secure attachment and integrated carry handle for on-the-go wand storage. Lastly, this backpack garden sprayer has a filtration basket to filter out any debris while refilling the tank. 3. Field King Max Backpack Sprayer Field King Max Backpack Sprayer is a professional-grade backpack sprayer to spray herbicides, pesticides, or chemicals in lawns, backyards, and grassy patches. It has a no-leak pump design that is much safer to use as it prevents spillage of harmful substances onto your skin. The pump provides a powerful spray pressure of up to 150 PSI and a spray radius of up to 30 feet. Field King Max has a built-in agitator that features internal paddles and effective pump action to keep the liquids mixed. It also includes high-quality Viton seals for optimum resistance to rust and chemicals. Additionally, this backpack sprayer offers a unique shut off feature for a superior grip, and you can lock the trigger for continuous spray. As a better alternative to cotter pins, Field King Max offers a secure handle that works on the threaded bolt principle. Furthermore, it can keep a constant pressure of 25 PSI using an in-built regulator and includes four different nozzles for different spray patterns. Lastly, this premium backpack sprayer features a comfortable, padded harness with full back support and a wide waist belt. It also has a chest cinch strap, so you stay comfortable during long hours of work. 4. Roundup Heavy Duty Backpack Sprayer Roundup 190314 Backpack Sprayer is one of the best heavy-duty back sprayers in the market that comes with a four-gallon tank capacity to meet the standard gardening needs. You can use this sprayer to eradicate weeds or pests, spray herbicides over flower-beds, and for cleaning decks. Roundup Backpack Sprayer has several user-friendly design features that can aid you during your gardening endeavors. Foremost, it has a premium-quality poly-wand that includes Viton seals for high-quality grip and shut-off. You can lock the switch for continuous spraying, and the inline filter is removable as per user needs. Additionally, this backpack sprayer has a built-in carry handle for safe placement and storage for the wand. You can also adjust the straps and waist-belt to fit your body structure better. Lastly, this best backpack sprayer comes with three different types of nozzles for versatile operation for most of your gardening needs. The first nozzle is poly adjustable, the second one is a high volume fan, and the third is a low-volume fan. Notably, this sprayer also accepts TeeJet nozzles. 5. M4 MY4SONS Backpack Sprayer M4 MY4SONS Backpack Sprayer is one of the best battery powered backpack sprayer that features a no-pump design and an elongated running time of six to eight hours on a maximum charge. You can fully recharge the 8Ah acid battery in under eight hours using the factory-provided charger. The manufacturers of this product claim to provide four times better battery life than regular lithium-ion batteries. This backpack sprayer also provides the user with variable pressure settings, and you can cycle it between 20 to 60psi. M4 MY4SONS Backpack Sprayer includes a stainless steel wand and an acid bleach wand to variable user needs. You can lock the included plastic squeeze handle for the efficient operation of the device. This backpack also features a wide top with a lid and a screen filter, so it is easier to refill the tank while preventing any debris from falling inside the chemical solution. Furthermore, you can choose from several available nozzles to adjust the spray for your current needs. The nozzles include cone, fan tip, fog, and many more brass and plastic spray designs. This battery backpack sprayer has many helpful design features for handy user experience such as thick shoulder pads, compartments for organizing your wands and accessories, quick-replace battery, anti-leak lid, and a strain-relief hose. It comes with included battery and charger, and manufacturers provide you with a one-year limited warranty against any faulty parts. 6. Scotts Professional Sprayer Scotts 190567 Pump Zero Technology Sprayer is a battery-powered backpack sprayer that features a two-gallon tank. It operates on lithium-ion batteries, and a single charge can spray up to 12 tanks for prolonged and unhindered usage. Scotts Pump Zero Sprayer has a high-quality shut-off that provides a comfortable and firm grip while operating the device. The lock-on feature allows you to spray continuously, and you can easily clean the inline filter, so your sprayers work optimally. Additionally, this sprayer has a sturdy, non-leak construction that includes a 21-inch poly wand with premium Viton seals to resist chemicals and corrosion. To cater to user safety, a pressure release valve is attached to the device to release internal pressure before opening the lid. Furthermore, the teardrop-shaped tank allows more stability for the user and comes with an included safe storage for the nozzle. The nozzle of the sprayer is interchangeable between three settings i.e., fan spray, stream spray, and cone spray. This sprayer has a limited warranty of three years, and you can claim free replacement parts during the warranty period. 7. Hudson Commercial Bak-Pak Sprayer Hudson 13194 Commercial Bak-Pak Sprayer is a professional-grade backpack sprayer with a tank capacity of four gallons. It features an extra-large opening at the top of the tank for easy refill and to prevent spills. The attached PVC sprayer-style hose measures 48-inches in length and is beneficial in accessing hard to reach areas. It also features an extra-long fiberglass wand that measures about 20-inches in length. Hudson Bak-Pak Sprayer has four different nozzle spray settings and a powerful piston pump for versatile and efficient operation. You can choose from right or left-handed pump action to better suit your preference. It also features a large, premium shut-off valve that is equipped with a standard lock-on switch for continuous spray. Furthermore, this commercial best backpack sprayer comes with high-quality straps that provide chemical resistance against any harmful chemicals. Manufacturers offer a one-year limited warranty against any faulty equipment or defective parts. 8. Solo High Performance Backpack Sprayer Solo 475-B Diaphragm Pump Backpack Sprayer is one the best backpack lawn sprayer that features a unique bleach resistant pump assembly. This sprayer is effectively capable of handling strong solutions such as disinfectants, bleach, fertilizers, and anti-weed formulas. More importantly, this sprayer works with wet-able powders without blocking the spray with residue particles. You can increase the pressure of the spray to up to 60 psi. Solo Backpack Sprayer works on the diaphragm pump principle, and the diaphragm has a Tivilon construction to provide efficient resistance from harmful or reactive chemicals. You can also interchange the pump handle to adjust it according to your preferred hand. The 48-inch hose provides an elongated reach, so you don’t have to bend too much. Additionally, this sprayer provides its users with four different nozzle spray settings i.e., adjustable, fan spray, hollow cone, and jet stream nozzles. Lastly, it also supports TeeJet nozzles on the go. 9. Petra Powered Backpack Sprayer Petra Powered Backpack Sprayer is a unique commercial backpack sprayer that includes a custom-fitted cart for better portability and transportation. The cart features an attached wand holder and a rack for the hose extension. The included commercial hose measures around 100 feet in length so the user has easy access to hard to reach areas. It also has an extra four-feet hose that can easily connect to the tank to replace the longer tube. Petra Backpack sprayer has a no-pump design and operates on a 12Ah lead-acid battery that provides four times better battery efficiency than regular batteries. A single charge of the battery can last about six to hours or can allow you to spray up to 200-gallons of chemical solution. You can recharge the battery using the included AC charger that fully juices up the battery in about eight hours. This backpack sprayer comes with a stainless steel wand as well as an acid bleach wand to meet most of your spraying needs. It has a steel valve and a plastic valve with a locking mechanism, where both valves have quick-connect adapters. Additionally, the mouth of this sprayer has a wide design and a screen filter to keep out debris and avoid contamination. You can use multiple nozzle attachments with this device, and manufacturers provide a one-year limited warranty for any defective parts. 10. VIVOSUN Sujer Backpack Sprayer VIVOSUN Backpack Sprayer is a multifunctional manual pump sprayer that has an accommodating design for indoor as well as outdoor usage. It features a four-gallon tank with a wide opening that you can easily refill without wasting any chemical solution. Most importantly, this unique sprayer is made out of polypropylene material that is resistant to harsh chemicals and keeps the tank sealed to avoid leakage or spills. Unlike most backpack sprayers, VIVOSUN best Backpack Sprayer has a translucent tank so the user can check the current level of the solution without having to open the container. It features four different types of nozzles and five spray modes for specific gardening needs. Additionally, the rocker of this sprayer is removable, and you can adjust it as right-handed or left-handed operation. Furthermore, this sprayer allows you to choose between a pump or continuous spraying by using an easy-to-use lock switch. The straps of VIVOSUN Backpack Sprayers have a padded design for extra comfort, especially in longer working hours. Manufacturers provide a one-year warranty for the product, and customer service is available for confused or concerned users. Choosing an efficient best backpack sprayer out of so many available options can be tricky, and you ought to have detailed information of the products before making a purchase. Our researchers picked out the best ones for you, so it is easier for you to make the best buy. Here are the essential factors we kept in mind while selecting the products for this list. Factors You Need to Consider to End Up With the Best Purchase Most backpack sprayers work on a pump-action mechanism that requires manual effort to spray the liquid onto lawn patches and weeds. These types of sprayers demand more effort and time from the user and have no electrical or battery components. However, there are motorized sprayers in the market that operate on battery power to save time and effort. Such sprayers have a no-pump design, are relatively expensive, and require recharge once the battery drains out. Safety and Convenience: With the involvement of harmful chemicals in the spraying process, it is elementary for the user to come across injuries due to skin exposure to those chemicals. Hence, the best backpack sprayers have a no-leak design, and the tank has a tight seal to prevent spills or leakage. Similarly, during long hours of work, you will need a sprayer that aids and supports your body posture with additional components such as a high-quality harness, easy shut-off, etc. Well-padded straps and a firm-grip handle are also crucial so you can avoid any hand or shoulder injuries. Durability and Support: You’d want to invest in a backpack sprayer that has durable construction and can efficiently operate through the desired work output. Similarly, it should be sturdy, easy to use, and must have maintenance and replacement parts. We advise you to choose a product from a reputable and renowned brand so you can avail of customer support or warranty in case of defective parts. Frequently Asked Questions To further aid you with the purchase process, we are listing some FAQs about the best backpack sprayer down below: What is a Backpack Sprayer? A backpack sprayer is a spraying apparatus that consists of a tank, nozzle, and a hose for multiple or customized usage. Through this device, you can spray chemicals, herbicides, insecticides, etc. over your lawn to restrict or eradicate unwanted plant growth. You can also use it as a water sprinkler or a fire extinguisher. How Many Types of Backpack Sprayers Can I Purchase? Typically, there are two types of backpack sprayers; motorized and manual. Manual sprayers work on the pump mechanism and require continuous pumping to operate and spray. Alternatively, the motorized sprayers have built-in batteries and work without manual pumping effort. Are Backpack Sprayers Safe to Use? Usage of backpack sprayers has many involved hazards, such as chemical burns, fatigue, etc. But if you follow the instruction manual carefully and only invest in safety equipment, it is safe to use the sprayers as much as you desire. To wrap things up, backpack sprayers are handy, convenient tools that can help you maintain your lawn or garden and get rid of the unwanted growth of weeds and herbs. Also, the fact that they are incredibly easy to use and do not require continuous power except for occasional battery charge makes them an essential part of your gardening toolkit. However, you do need to be careful about leaks and spills, so your skin is never exposed to the damaging chemicals. So it is wise to invest in a no-leak tank with high-quality construction so you can stay safe. We hope that this buying guide will help and guide you towards a better choice. A thorough study of this article may result in an optimum purchase of the best backpack sprayer that’ll be worth your money and prove to be a helpful companion on your gardening adventures.

agronomy

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Dr. Teresa Mellish In 1970, Dr. Teresa Mellish and her new husband Ken decided to embark upon a life-changing adventure by taking on Cuso International volunteer placements halfway around the world. Teresa taught Agricultural Economics at Kolej Pertanian Malaysia, while Ken conducted livestock nutrition research with the Malaysian Agricultural Research Development Institute (MARDI). Through volunteering, Teresa experienced different agricultural practices and connected with staff and students from the Kampongs. She developed a new perspective on how agriculture development works, as well as the benefits it brings to the host country and to Canadian volunteers. Teresa and Ken appreciated that volunteering allowed them to work and travel together. “We always wanted to see the world,” remembers Teresa. During their placement, Teresa and Ken explored Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, India, Burma, Afghanistan and Iran. Upon returning to Canada, Teresa had an extensive career with the Prince Edward Island government, where she supported effective agricultural practices. In 1980, Teresa helped found Farmers Helping Farmers (FHF), an award-wining not-for-profit organization that partners with farming families in Kenya on practical projects to support sustainable subsistence farming. In 2011, Teresa received an honorary doctorate degree from the University of Prince Edward Island for her contributions to sustainable international development. Now retired, Teresa remains active with FHF, as well as the Dutch Warmblood horse breeding farm she shares with Ken, the couple’s children and grandchildren.

agronomy

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Summer is here and it’s mango season in South Florida! Sprouts Farmers Market shared some healthy hints with our team on how to pick, cut, and store mangoes. Enjoy! How to pick a ripe mango: - Pick the very best mango by ensuring it has a sweet, aromatic scent and a slight give when squeezed. - Depending on the variety, a mango’s color doesn’t always determine ripeness! The best way to know when it’s ready to enjoy is by the firmness and sweet aroma. How to cut a mango: - Mangoes have an oblong seed running through the center that’s about 1/4-inch in width. Make your first slices alongside the center seed, creating two halves. - Gently make vertical slices in each half, being careful not to pierce the skin on the other side. - Once both halves have vertical slices, cut the flesh in a grid-like pattern, making small squares without slicing through the skin on the other side. - At this point, you can use a spoon to gently scoop between the flesh and the skin to pop out the cubes or you can use your hands to push the skin from underneath the flesh, creating a hedgehog-like effect. If your mango is ripe enough, you may be able to salvage a bit from the seed. Use a small paring knife alongside the seed and the skin to remove a little more goodness! How to store a mango: - Once you have sliced or diced your mangos, you can use them right away or store them in an airtight container in the refrigerator for about five days. - They also freeze extremely well and make a delicious addition to smoothies or can be used as ice cubes in your favorite mocktail! To find a Sprouts Farmers Market near you, visit Sprouts.com. Copyright 2022 WFLX. All rights reserved.

agronomy

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Bring your plants to an explosive finish. CLIMAX contains the essential elements required to get your plants over the finish line. CLIMAX will increase essential oil production, improve nutrient uptake and force your plants to finish evenly and on schedule. DIRECTIONS FOR USE: Add to reservoir at 2-4ml per litre for 5-7 days 2 weeks before harvest. After using CLIMAX flush plants for 7 days with a quarter strength base nutrient solution. CLIMAX - 250ml - £17.95 CLIMAX - 1 Litre - £34.95 CLIMAX - 5 Litre - £99.95 COMPLETE COMPOUND FERTILIZER WITH TRACE ELEMENTS 0.0-9.9-7.0 (2.6 magnesium, 2.5 sulphur) Total Nitrogen - 0.0% Phosphorous Pentoxide - 9.9% Phosphorous Pentoxide soluble in water - 9.9% Potassium Oxide - 7.0% Potassium Oxide soluble in water - 7.0%

agronomy

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I have been craving Virginia peanuts for many days now, and if I bring them into l’etoile – they do not last long at all. Of course I love out culinary heritage here in Charlottesville and the rest of the state, but the peanut named after our commonwealth are hard to beat. The peanut plant probably originated in Brazil or Peru, although no fossil records exist to prove this. But for as long as people have been making pottery in South America (3,500 years or so) they have been making jars shaped like peanuts and decorated with peanuts. Graves of ancient Incas found along the dry western coast of South America often contain jars filled with peanuts and left with the dead to provide food in the afterlife. Peanuts were grown as far north as Mexico by the time the Spanish began their exploration of the New World. The explorers took peanuts back to Spain, where they are still grown. From Spain, traders and explorers took peanuts to Africa and Asia. In Africa the plant became common in the western tropical region. The peanut was regarded by many Africans as one of several plants possessing a soul. When Africans were brought to North America as slaves, peanuts came with them. Slaves planted peanuts throughout the southern United States (the word goober comes from the Congo name for peanuts – nguba). In the 1700’s, peanuts, then called groundnuts or ground peas, were studied by botanists and regarded as an excellent food for pigs. Records show that peanuts were grown commercially in South Carolina around 1800 and used for oil, food and a substitute for cocoa. However, until 1900 peanuts were not extensively grown, partially because they were regarded as food for the poor, and because growing and harvesting were slow and difficult until labor-saving equipment was invented around the turn of the century. The first notable increase in U.S. peanut consumption came in 1860 with the outbreak of the Civil War. Northern soldiers, as well as Southern, used the peanut as a food. During the last half of the 19th century, peanuts were eaten as a snack, sold freshly roasted by street vendors and at baseball games and circuses. While peanut production rose during this time, peanuts were harvested by hand which left stems and trash in the peanuts. Thus, poor quality and lack of uniformity kept down the demand for peanuts. In the U.S., peanuts are used in candies, cakes, cookies, and other sweets. They are also enjoyed roasted and salted. Peanut butter is one of the most popular peanut-based foods in the U.S., and for four hundred years, recipes for peanut soup have been present in the South, Virginia in particular. In some southern portions of the U.S., peanuts are boiled for several hours until soft and moist. Peanuts are also deep fried, shell and all. Around 1900, equipment was invented for planting, cultivating, harvesting and picking peanuts from the plants, and for shelling and cleaning the kernels. With these mechanical aids, peanuts rapidly came into demand for oil, roasted and salted nuts, peanut butter and candy. George Washington Carver began his research into peanuts in 1903 at Tuskeegee Institute. Research that would lead him to discover improvements in horticulture and the development of more than 300 uses for peanuts (including shoe polish and shaving cream). Peanuts have many uses. They can be eaten raw, used in recipes, made into solvents and oils, used in make-up, medicines, textile materials, peanut butter, as well as many other uses. Popular confections made from peanuts include salted peanuts, peanut butter (sandwiches, peanut candy bars, peanut butter cookies, and cups), peanut brittle, and shelled nuts (plain/roasted). Salted peanuts are usually roasted in oil and packed in retail-size plastic bags or hermetically sealed cans. Dry roasted salted peanuts are also marketed in significant quantities. Peanuts are often a major ingredient in mixed nuts because of their inexpensiveness compared to Brazil nuts, cashews, walnuts, and so on. Although peanut butter has been a tradition on camping trips and the like because of its high protein content and the fact that it resists spoiling for long periods of time, the primary use of peanut butter is in the home, but large quantities are also used in the commercial manufacture of sandwiches, candy, and bakery products. Boiled peanuts are a preparation of raw, unshelled green peanuts boiled in brine and often eaten as a snack. More recently, fried peanut recipes have emerged – allowing both shell and nut to be eaten. Peanuts are also used in a wide variety of other areas, such as cosmetics, nitroglycerin, plastics, dyes and paints. The talented botanist recognized the value of the peanut as a cash crop and proposed that peanuts be planted as a rotation crop in the Southeast cotton-growing areas where the boll weevil insect threatened the regions’ agricultural base. Farmers listened and the face of southern farming was changed forever. For his work in promoting its cultivation and consumption, Carver is considered the father of the peanut industry. Peanut production rose rapidly during and after World Wars I and II as a result of the peanut’s popularity with Allied forces, and as a result of the post-war baby boom. Today, peanuts contribute over four billion dollars to the U.S. economy each year.

agronomy

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Big, well-balanced flavors of cherry, spices and summer savory lead to a lengthy finish with silky tannins. Our Syrah is grown at our Five Sisters Estate Vineyard located just to the west of the winery, perched on a small, 18-acre hillside that offers commanding views of the Carneros wetlands. It is ideally situated for growing world-class cool climate Syrah. The grapes receive cooling benefits from morning fog and afternoon breezes from the nearby Pacific Ocean and San Pablo Bay. During the mid-day, temperatures warm up providing the grapes with excellent exposure. This unique terroir creates a very long growing season. The rugged hillside is meticulously tended by hand (and sheep) and yields spectacular fruit year after year. Our Los Carneros Syrah grapes were handpicked, destemmed without being crushed, and pumped to our fermentors. The must began to ferment with natural yeast within 48 hours of crushing. The wine was pumped-over three times a day to maximize fruit and color extraction. Fermentation was kept at moderately warm temperature and the must was pressed shortly after the wine had gone dry to achieve the desired amount of tannin and extract. The wine was racked once and then moved on to French oak with a medium-dark toast level for aging.

agronomy

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Mechanical weed control Mechanical weed control used in three ways. 1st Cutting off the plant. When doing this, it is important to cut the plant below the growing point. Which is the point on the plant where it grows out of. If you cut the plant above the growing point the plant will continue to grow and expand. 2nd Pulling up plants by the roots. It is the most time-consuming method when you have to do this by hand. 3rd Cover the plants so that no light reaches them. All plants require sunlight to grow. Thermal weed control The fastest method is by quickly heating the weeds using a weed brurner. It's important to understand you should not actively burn the weeds away (do not start a fire that you can't control) but just sweep the flame over the weeds. The fluid in the cells expands when heated and burst the cell walls. The plant can no longer take up fluid and nutrients and dies. Some weeds die immediately after treatment, while others survive. These weeds require repeated treatment. Do not give up - be patient.

agronomy

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Some biomass energy crops make sense environmentally and economically. For example, poplar trees are farmed sustainably to yield energy harvests every 3 to 6 years. Poplar requires less water and other inputs than crops such as corn. After harvest, the tree re-sprouts from the same root stalk, a very efficient way to produce biomass. Especially on marginal lands, energy crops that are not deemed invasive and do not require water may be an economical and a productive use of the ground to produce biofuel feedstock for torrefaction.

agronomy

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Sweet Chestnut / Castanea Sativa Origin: Auvergne, France The Sweet Chestnut is an ancient tree originally from minor Asia. Evidence indicates that it has been cultivated by man even far before Christ because of its many uses. The fruit being the most known part of the tree, the leaves also possesses valuable qualities. Use and advices: Infuse 1-2 tablespoons of dried leaves per teacup and let them steep in 70-80ºC water for about 8 minutes before enjoying. We always recommend drinking herbal infusions in slow sips. 1-3 cups / day - Within normal consumption there are no known contraindications. Sweet Chestnut leaves are harvested in the spring since it’s the young leaves that are the most interesting to collect. Harvest on a dry and warm day, and always in clean areas. As with all wild harvesting, make certain of your identification of the tree prior to collecting and consuming. The availability of the plants that we propose can vary during the year, as nature itself changes with the season, and our stock. If you require large quantities, please contact us in advance.

agronomy

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Here's my 25 week belly! It feels like it has grown a lot in the past week. The weather here's been great -- 60's and sunny -- so we've been really active: bike riding, walking everywhere, chasing after the kids we babysit outside, and going on picnics in the park. It's been great! The nice weather also means we get to start gardening. We have a plot for veggies right in our apartment complex, and we just started breaking up the soil today for planting a few spring plants.

agronomy

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Living in the Environment A food desert is an urban area where people have little or no easy access to nutritious food without traveling long distances. In the United States, an estimated 23.5 million people, including 6.5 million children, live in such areas, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. People living in these urban neighborhoods tend to rely on convenience stores and fast food restaurants that mainly offer high-calorie, highly processed foods that can lead to higher risks of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Will Allen (Figure 12-1), one of six children of a sharecropper, grew up on a farm in Maryland, but left the farming life for college and a professional basketball career, followed by a successful corporate marketing career. In 1993, Allen had decided to return to his roots, and he bought the last working farm within the city limits of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was to become a food oasis in a food desert. On this small urban plot, Allen developed Growing Power, Inc., an ecologically based farm and a showcase for forms of agriculture that apply all three scientific principles of sustainability. It is powered partly by solar electric and solar hot water systems and makes use of several greenhouses to capture solar energy for growing food throughout the year. The farm produces an amazing diversity of crops—150 varieties of vegetables along with organic herbs and sunflowers. It also produces chickens, turkeys, goats, fish such as tilapia and perch, and honey- bees. And the farm’s nutrients are recycled in creative ways. For example, wastes from the farmed fish are used as nutrients to raise some of the crops. The farm’s products are sold locally at Growing Power farm stands throughout the region and to various restaurants. Allen also worked with the city to establish the Farm-to-City Market Basket program through which people can sign up for weekly deliveries of organic produce at modest prices. In addition, Growing Power runs an education program for school children who visit the farm to learn about where their food comes from. Allen also runs a training program for about 1,000 people every year who want to learn organic farming methods. In 2011, the farm partnered with the city of Milwaukee to create 150 new green jobs for unemployed, low-income workers, building greenhouses and growing food organically. Growing Power has expanded, locating another urban farm in a neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, and setting up satellite training sites in five other states. For his creative and energetic efforts, Allen has won several prestigious awards, including a MacArthur Fellowship. However, he is most proud of the fact that his urban farm helps to feed more than 10,000 people every year and puts people to work raising good food. In this chapter we look at different ways to produce food, the environmental effects of food production, and how to produce food more sustainably.

agronomy

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Serving the finest matcha from the shade-grown farms of Kyoto, Japan Stonemill Matcha is sourced from Kyoto, the birthplace of matcha Over 800 years ago, a monk carried the seeds of the green tea plant from China to be cultivated and transformed in Japanese soil. Our matcha is sourced from farmers who continue the tradition on that same soil. Our matcha is curated by a master blender from a traditional teahouse in Kyoto Each year, tea leaves produce their own flavors distinct from the generation before them. Only a master’s hand can develop a perfect blend from an array of the finest leaves. Matcha selected from the youngest, most tender leaves Attention to every detail From harvesting to packaging and brewing, we give attention to every detail so that the vibrant color, Umami-rich flavor and nutrition is preserved at its best. Various health benefits You will immediately experience the energized calm of green tea as your body absorbs the long-term benefits of antioxidants and vitamins. L-Theanine and catechin are unique to green tea and especially abundant in our Matcha because we are true to the authentic method of growing Tencha leaves. All these nutrients can be consumed at once in a soothing bowl of matcha. Relaxed and focused Although matcha has caffeine content equivalent to that of a coffee, L-theanine helps you to be relaxed and focused without the jittery feel. Because of these qualities, matcha was ritualistically used before meditation practices by Zen monks from ancient times.

agronomy

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Beautiful Plants For Your Interior Beautiful Plants For Your Interior Fixed wing and multi-copter drones are the two types of drones used in agriculture. Fixed-wing drones are more durable than multi-copter drones; they can resist extreme weather conditions and typically have longer flight times. Fixed-wing drones require a big takeoff and landing space due to their design, which makes them more expensive. Compared to fixed-wing drones, multi-copter drones are significantly more adaptable, simpler to fly, and considerably less expensive. Multi-copter drones can be utilized for precision insecticide, fertilizer, and even seeds spraying in addition to photogrammetry because of their unique design. For farmers and agronomists, the DJI Phantom 4 Multispectral drone is an effective tool. The multispectral sensor enables you to monitor nutrient levels, identify soil moisture, and more to learn more about the health of crops. Farmers will be able to more precisely monitor plant growth and check crop health with the use of the DJI Phantom 4 Multispectral drone. The visible and near-infrared light, which are generally filtered out by conventional cameras that only collect red, green, and blue wavelengths, can be captured by the DJI Phantom 4 Multispectral Drone. Farmers will now be able to use this technology for activities like monitoring plant stress or recognizing insect infestations early on so they can make adjustments in the growing process accordingly. This camera is reported to provide a much sharper picture of crops. Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) technology is used by the DJI Phantom 4 RTK drone. Precision farming and mapping applications are both possible with this kind of location. The drone can fly for up to 30 minutes, has a 7-kilometer operational range, and can take 20MP photos. It’s an excellent drone for mapping and 3D modeling farmland since it can deliver centimeter-level accuracy, which is useful for plant counting, crop height and density measurement, and crop health inspection. Due to its numerous payload capacities and RTK system, which enables users to take incredibly detailed photos for precise maps and 3D models, the Matrice 300 RTK is appropriate for a wide range of sectors. It boasts a sturdy construction that enables it to be flown in adverse weather situations, powerful AI capabilities, 6-directional obstacle detecting and avoidance, and an advanced health management system. It also has an industry-leading flight length of 55 minutes. The drone is appropriate for mapping vast farms because to its extraordinarily long flight time, and thanks to its numerous payload possibilities, including those from third-party manufacturers, users will be able to take pictures for orthomosaic, thermal, and multispectral maps. The eBee AG is one of the top fixed-wing drones created exclusively for mapping farms and is quite similar to the eBee X, which is the top all-around drone from SenseFly. The eBee AG can go over 300 acres of land in a single flight and has a flight time of about 45 minutes. A dual camera system consisting of an RGB and multi-spectral camera is included. Because of its RTK mechanism, the RGB camera can produce centimeter-accurate orthomosaic maps from high-quality photos. The visual data that multi-spectral cameras collect at various wave lengths will highlight any crop difficulties and show whether there are any pest infestation, disease, or irrigation issues. This drone is the company’s flagship and is appropriate for a variety of industries, including agriculture because it works with a variety of cameras. Its rugged construction makes it appropriate for usage in a variety of circumstances, and its PPK/RTK technology enables it to deliver aerial photos with survey-grade precision. It can fly for up to 90 minutes and has a 59-minute flight period, which enables users to cover almost 500 hectares of ground. This hybrid drone combines the greatest features of multi-copter and fixed-wing drones; it has a multi-copter-like fixed-wing design but also has VTOL (vertical take-off and landing) capabilities. One of the greatest mapping drones on the market, this drone has a 55-minute flying time and can map hundreds of acres of land with sub-centimeter precision. Here is a short sample of drones used for crop spraying. One of the newest crop spraying drones, the DJI Agras T30, has an enormous 30 liter tank, a tough build that can withstand flying in adverse weather conditions thanks to its IP67 classification, and it can spray up to 40 acres in an hour. It has 16 nozzles with a 9-meter spray range and an optimized plunger that can pump out 8 litters each minute. The drone boasts an innovative spherical radar system for safer flying as well as front and back FPV cameras for better visibility. This drone was created specifically for spraying crops. It has a 20L capacity and a 15-minute maximum flight time (depending on the load). It has an improved spraying mechanism, 8 nozzles, and a spray width of 7 meters. It can cover 12 hectares in an hour. The drone can be used for fertilizing, seeding, and spraying. It includes an advanced obstacle avoidance technology for safer flying and was designed to fly in extreme weather conditions. It can also be used during the day or night. Farmers will be able to adjust the drone’s autonomous flight modes with centimeter-level accuracy using the RTK dongle on the remote controller and the built-in RTK technology, which allows for centimeter-level accuracy. Similar to the T20, but with a 16-liter cargo capacity, 10 hectares of ground may be covered in an hour, RTK GNSS technology, and a sophisticated obstacle avoidance system. There are a few additional crop-saving drones made by DJI, but they are exclusively sold by authorized resellers. These drones are the DJI Agras MG-1P and MG-1S, which offer an obstacle avoidance system, autonomous flight modes, and a 10 liter. So do you want to know more about agricultural drones? visit our list of best drones for agriculture here

agronomy

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During one particular project, the manufacturer was building 2 biogas digester systems at two separate dairy farms in upstate N.Y. Unfortunately, the projects were both in full swing through the winter months and the frigid temperatures that accompany them. These low temperatures represented a big issue, as the manure digesters only produce biogas when the nearly 2 million gallons of manure is kept at 100 degrees Fahrenheit - this allows the enclosed microorganisms to digest the manure and produce their biogas. In a fully functioning digester, this heat is generated by the CHP unit (combined heat and power) - a 600 KW generator that uses the produced biogas to provide heat to the digester through a heating loop. More importantly however, the CHP unit also produces electricity that the dairy farms can use and then sell back any excess to the grid. This crucial CHP unit is typically the last component to be completed in the construction of the digester system, meaning both projects found themselves with an immediate solution to power their digester’s heating and electrical operations.

agronomy