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(c) The total electromagnetic field from a tunnel radio system on any frequency or frequencies appearing outside of the tunnel, mine or other structure described in [paragraph (a)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.211#p-15.211(a)) of this section, shall not exceed the limits shown in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209) when measured at the specified distance from the surrounding structure, including openings. Particular attention shall be paid to the emissions from any opening in the structure to the outside environment. When measurements are made from the openings, the distances shown in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209) refer to the distance from the plane of reference which fits the entire perimeter of each above ground opening.
(d) The conducted limits in [§ 15.207](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.207) apply to the radiofrequency voltage on the public utility power lines outside of the tunnel.
#### § 15.212 Modular transmitters.
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(a) Single modular transmitters consist of a completely self-contained radiofrequency transmitter device that is typically incorporated into another product, host or device. Split modular transmitters consist of two components: a radio front end with antenna (or radio devices) and a transmitter control element (or specific hardware on which the software that controls the radio operation resides). All single or split modular transmitters are approved with an antenna. All of the following requirements apply, except as provided in [paragraph (b)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.212#p-15.212(b)) of this section.
(1) Single modular transmitters must meet the following requirements to obtain a modular transmitter approval.
(i) The radio elements of the modular transmitter must have their own shielding. The physical crystal and tuning capacitors may be located external to the shielded radio elements.
(ii) The modular transmitter must have buffered modulation/data inputs (if such inputs are provided) to ensure that the module will comply with part 15 requirements under conditions of excessive data rates or over-modulation.
(iii) The modular transmitter must have its own power supply regulation.
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(iv) The modular transmitter must comply with the antenna and transmission system requirements of [§§ 15.203](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.203), [15.204(b)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.204#p-15.204(b)) and [15.204(c)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.204#p-15.204(c)). The antenna must either be permanently attached or employ a “unique” antenna coupler (at all connections between the module and the antenna, including the cable). The “professional installation” provision of [§ 15.203](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.203) is not applicable to modules but can apply to limited modular approvals under [paragraph (b)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.212#p-15.212(b)) of this section.
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(v) The modular transmitter must be tested in a stand-alone configuration, _i.e._, the module must not be inside another device during testing for compliance with part 15 requirements. Unless the transmitter module will be battery powered, it must comply with the AC line conducted requirements found in [§ 15.207](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.207). AC or DC power lines and data input/output lines connected to the module must not contain ferrites, unless they will be marketed with the module (see [§ 15.27(a)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.27#p-15.27(a))). The length of these lines shall be the length typical of actual use or, if that length is unknown, at least 10 centimeters to insure that there is no coupling between the case of the module and supporting equipment. Any accessories, peripherals, or support equipment connected to the module during testing shall be unmodified and commercially available (see [§ 15.31(i)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.31#p-15.31(i))).
(vi) The modular transmitter must be equipped with either a permanently affixed label or must be capable of electronically displaying its FCC identification number.
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(A) If using a permanently affixed label, the modular transmitter must be labeled with its own FCC identification number, and, if the FCC identification number is not visible when the module is installed inside another device, then the outside of the device into which the module is installed must also display a label referring to the enclosed module. This exterior label can use wording such as the following: “Contains Transmitter Module FCC ID: XYZMODEL1” or “Contains FCC ID: XYZMODEL1.” Any similar wording that expresses the same meaning may be used. The Grantee may either provide such a label, an example of which must be included in the application for equipment authorization, or, must provide adequate instructions along with the module which explain this requirement. In the latter case, a copy of these instructions must be included in the application for equipment authorization.
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(B) If the modular transmitter uses an electronic display of the FCC identification number, the information must be readily accessible and visible on the modular transmitter or on the device in which it is installed. If the module is installed inside another device, then the outside of the device into which the module is installed must display a label referring to the enclosed module. This exterior label can use wording such as the following: “Contains FCC certified transmitter module(s).” Any similar wording that expresses the same meaning may be used. The user manual must include instructions on how to access the electronic display. A copy of these instructions must be included in the application for equipment authorization.
(vii) The modular transmitter must comply with any specific rules or operating requirements that ordinarily apply to a complete transmitter and the manufacturer must provide adequate instructions along with the module to explain any such requirements. A copy of these instructions must be included in the application for equipment authorization.
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(viii) Radio frequency devices operating under the provisions of this part are subject to the radio frequency radiation exposure requirements specified in [§§ 1.1307(b)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-1.1307#p-1.1307(b)), [1.1310](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-1.1310), [2.1091](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-2.1091), and [2.1093 of this chapter](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-2.1093), as appropriate. Applications for equipment authorization of modular transmitters under this section must contain a statement confirming compliance with these requirements. The modular transmitter must comply with any applicable RF exposure requirements in its final configuration. Technical information showing the basis for this statement must be submitted to the Commission upon request.
(2) Split modular transmitters must meet the requirements in [paragraph (a)(1)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.212#p-15.212(a)(1)) of this section, excluding paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(v), and the following additional requirements to obtain a modular transmitter approval.
(i) Only the radio front end must be shielded. The physical crystal and tuning capacitors may be located external to the shielded radio elements. The interface between the split sections of the modular system must be digital with a minimum signaling amplitude of 150 mV peak-to-peak.
(ii) Control information and other data may be exchanged between the transmitter control elements and radio front end.
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(iii) The sections of a split modular transmitter must be tested installed in a host device(s) similar to that which is representative of the platform(s) intended for use.
(iv) Manufacturers must ensure that only transmitter control elements and radio front end components that have been approved together are capable of operating together. The transmitter module must not operate unless it has verified that the installed transmitter control elements and radio front end have been authorized together. Manufacturers may use means including, but not limited to, coding in hardware and electronic signatures in software to meet these requirements, and must describe the methods in their application for equipment authorization.
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(b) A limited modular approval may be granted for single or split modular transmitters that do not comply with all of the above requirements, e.g., shielding, minimum signaling amplitude, buffered modulation/data inputs, or power supply regulation, if the manufacturer can demonstrate by alternative means in the application for equipment authorization that the modular transmitter meets all the applicable part 15 requirements under the operating conditions in which the transmitter will be used. Limited modular approval also may be granted in those instances where compliance with RF exposure rules is demonstrated only for particular product configurations. The applicant for certification must state how control of the end product into which the module will be installed will be maintained such that full compliance of the end product is always ensured.
\[[72 FR 28893](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/72-FR-28893), May 23, 2007, as amended at [85 FR 18149](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/85-FR-18149), Apr. 1, 2020\]
#### § 15.213 Cable locating equipment.
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An intentional radiator used as cable locating equipment, as defined in [§ 15.3(d)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.3#p-15.3(d)), may be operated on any frequency within the band 9-490 kHz, subject to the following limits: Within the frequency band 9 kHz, up to, but not including, 45 kHz, the peak output power from the cable locating equipment shall not exceed 10 watts; and, within the frequency band 45 kHz to 490 kHz, the peak output power from the cable locating equipment shall not exceed one watt. If provisions are made for connection of the cable locating equipment to the AC power lines, the conducted limits in [§ 15.207](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.207) also apply to this equipment.
#### § 15.214 Cordless telephones.
(a) For equipment authorization, a single application form, FCC Form 731, may be filed for a cordless telephone system, provided the application clearly identifies and provides data for all parts of the system to show compliance with the applicable technical requirements. When a single application form is submitted, both the base station and the portable handset must carry the same FCC identifier. The application shall include a fee for certification of each type of transmitter and for certification, if appropriate, for each type of receiver included in the system.
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(b) A cordless telephone that is intended to be connected to the public switched telephone network shall also comply with the applicable regulations in [part 68 of this chapter](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/part-68). A separate procedure for approval under part 68 is required for such terminal equipment.
(c) The label required under [subpart A of this part](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/part-15/subpart-A) shall also contain the following statement: “Privacy of communications may not be ensured when using this phone.”
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(d) Cordless telephones shall incorporate circuitry which makes use of a digital security code to provide protection against unintentional access to the public switched telephone network by the base unit and unintentional ringing by the handset. These functions shall operate such that each access of the telephone network or ringing of the handset is preceded by the transmission of a code word. Access to the telephone network shall occur only if the code transmitted by the handset matches code set in the base unit. Similarly, ringing of the handset shall occur only if the code transmitted by the base unit matches the code set in the handset. The security code required by this section may also be employed to perform other communications functions, such as providing telephone billing information. This security code system is to operate in accordance with the following provisions.
(1) There must be provision for at least 256 possible discrete digital codes. Factory-set codes must be continuously varied over at least 256 possible codes as each telephone is manufactured. The codes may be varied either randomly, sequentially, or using another systematic procedure.
(2) Manufacturers must use one of the following approaches for facilitating variation in the geographic distribution of individual security codes:
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(i) Provide a means for the user to readily select from among at least 256 possible discrete digital codes. The cordless telephone shall be either in a non-operable mode after manufacture until the user selects a security code or the manufacturer must continuously vary the initial security code as each telephone is produced.
(ii) Provide a fixed code that is continuously varied among at least 256 discrete digital codes as each telephone is manufactured.
(iii) Provide a means for the cordless telephone to automatically select a different code from among at least 256 possible discrete digital codes each time it is activated.
(iv) It is permissible to provide combinations of fixed, automatic, and user-selectable coding provided the above criteria are met.
(3) A statement of the means and procedures used to achieve the required protection shall be provided in any application for equipment authorization of a cordless telephone.
\[[56 FR 3785](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/56-FR-3785), Jan. 31, 1991, as amended at [63 FR 36603](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/63-FR-36603), July 7, 1998; [66 FR 7580](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/66-FR-7580), Jan. 24, 2001\]
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Radiated Emission Limits, Additional Provisions
#### § 15.215 Additional provisions to the general radiated emission limitations.
(a) The regulations in [§§ 15.217](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.217) through [15.257](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.257) provide alternatives to the general radiated emission limits for intentional radiators operating in specified frequency bands. Unless otherwise stated, there are no restrictions as to the types of operation permitted under these sections.
(b) In most cases, unwanted emissions outside of the frequency bands shown in these alternative provisions must be attenuated to the emission limits shown in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209). In no case shall the level of the unwanted emissions from an intentional radiator operating under these additional provisions exceed the field strength of the fundamental emission.
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(c) Intentional radiators operating under the alternative provisions to the general emission limits, as contained in [§§ 15.217](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.217) through [15.257](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.257) and in [subpart E of this part](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/part-15/subpart-E), must be designed to ensure that the 20 dB bandwidth of the emission, or whatever bandwidth may otherwise be specified in the specific rule section under which the equipment operates, is contained within the frequency band designated in the rule section under which the equipment is operated. In the case of intentional radiators operating under the provisions of subpart E, the emission bandwidth may span across multiple contiguous frequency bands identified in that subpart. The requirement to contain the designated bandwidth of the emission within the specified frequency band includes the effects from frequency sweeping, frequency hopping and other modulation techniques that may be employed as well as the frequency stability of the transmitter over expected variations in temperature and supply voltage. If a frequency stability is not
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specified in the regulations, it is recommended that the fundamental emission be kept within at least the central 80% of the permitted band in order to minimize the possibility of out-of-band operation.
\[[54 FR 17714](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/54-FR-17714), Apr. 25, 1989, as amended at [62 FR 45333](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/62-FR-45333), Aug. 27, 1997; [67 FR 34855](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/67-FR-34855), May 16, 2002; [69 FR 3265](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/69-FR-3265), Jan. 23, 2004; [70 FR 6774](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/70-FR-6774), Feb. 9, 2005; [79 FR 24578](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/79-FR-24578), May 1, 2014\]
#### § 15.216 \[Reserved\]
#### § 15.217 Operation in the band 160-190 kHz.
(a) The total input power to the final radio frequency stage (exclusive of filament or heater power) shall not exceed one watt.
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(b) The total length of the transmission line, antenna, and ground lead (if used) shall not exceed 15 meters.
(c) All emissions below 160 kHz or above 190 kHz shall be attenuated at least 20 dB below the level of the unmodulated carrier. Determination of compliance with the 20 dB attenuation specification may be based on measurements at the intentional radiator's antenna output terminal unless the intentional radiator uses a permanently attached antenna, in which case compliance shall be demonstrated by measuring the radiated emissions.
#### § 15.219 Operation in the band 510-1705 kHz.
(a) The total input power to the final radio frequency stage (exclusive of filament or heater power) shall not exceed 100 milliwatts.
(b) The total length of the transmission line, antenna and ground lead (if used) shall not exceed 3 meters.
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(c) All emissions below 510 kHz or above 1705 kHz shall be attenuated at least 20 dB below the level of the unmodulated carrier. Determination of compliance with the 20 dB attenuation specification may be based on measurements at the intentional radiator's antenna output terminal unless the intentional radiator uses a permanently attached antenna, in which case compliance shall be deomonstrated by measuring the radiated emissions.
#### § 15.221 Operation in the band 525-1705 kHz.
(a) Carrier current systems and transmitters employing a leaky coaxial cable as the radiating antenna may operate in the band 525-1705 kHz provided the field strength levels of the radiated emissions do not exceed 15 uV/m, as measured at a distance of 47,715/(frequency in kHz) meters (equivalent to Lambda/2Pi) from the electric power line or the coaxial cable, respectively. The field strength levels of emissions outside this band shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209).
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(b) As an alternative to the provisions in [paragraph (a)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.221#p-15.221(a)) of this section, intentional radiators used for the operation of an AM broadcast station on a college or university campus or on the campus of any other education institution may comply with the following:
(1) On the campus, the field strength of emissions appearing outside of this frequency band shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits shown in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209) as measured from the radiating source. There is no limit on the field strength of emissions appearing within this frequency band, except that the provisions of [§ 15.5](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.5) continue to comply.
(2) At the perimeter of the campus, the field strength of any emissions, including those within the frequency band 525-1705 kHz, shall not exceed the general radiated emission in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209).
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(3) The conducted limits specified in [§ 15.207](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.207) apply to the radio frequency voltage on the public utility power lines outside of the campus. Due to the large number of radio frequency devices which may be used on the campus, contributing to the conducted emissions, as an alternative to measuring conducted emissions outside of the campus, it is acceptable to demonstrate compliance with this provision by measuring each individual intentional radiator employed in the system at the point where it connects to the AC power lines.
(c) A grant of equipment authorization is not required for intentional radiators operated under the provisions of this section. In lieu thereof, the intentional radiator shall be verified for compliance with the regulations in accordance with [subpart J of part 2 of this chapter](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/part-2/subpart-J). This data shall be kept on file at the location of the studio, office or control room associated with the transmitting equipment. In some cases, this may correspond to the location of the transmitting equipment.
(d) For the band 535-1705 kHz, the frequency of operation shall be chosen such that operation is not within the protected field strength contours of licensed AM stations.
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\[[56 FR 373](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/56-FR-373), Jan. 4, 1991\]
#### § 15.223 Operation in the band 1.705-10 MHz.
(a) The field strength of any emission within the band 1.705-10.0 MHz shall not exceed 100 microvolts/meter at a distance of 30 meters. However, if the bandwidth of the emission is less than 10% of the center frequency, the field strength shall not exceed 15 microvolts/meter or (the bandwidth of the device in kHz) divided by (the center frequency of the device in MHz) microvolts/meter at a distance of 30 meters, whichever is the higher level. For the purposes of this section, bandwidth is determined at the points 6 dB down from the modulated carrier. The emission limits in this paragraph are based on measurement instrumentation employing an average detector. The provisions in [§ 15.35(b)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.35#p-15.35(b)) for limiting peak emissions apply.
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(b) The field strength of emissions outside of the band 1.705-10.0 MHz shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209).
#### § 15.225 Operation within the band 13.110-14.010 MHz.
(a) The field strength of any emissions within the band 13.553-13.567 MHz shall not exceed 15,848 microvolts/meter at 30 meters.
(b) Within the bands 13.410-13.553 MHz and 13.567-13.710 MHz, the field strength of any emissions shall not exceed 334 microvolts/meter at 30 meters.
(c) Within the bands 13.110-13.410 MHz and 13.710-14.010 MHz the field strength of any emissions shall not exceed 106 microvolts/meter at 30 meters.
(d) The field strength of any emissions appearing outside of the 13.110-14.010 MHz band shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209).
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(e) The frequency tolerance of the carrier signal shall be maintained within ±0.01% of the operating frequency over a temperature variation of −20 degrees to + 50 degrees C at normal supply voltage, and for a variation in the primary supply voltage from 85% to 115% of the rated supply voltage at a temperature of 20 degrees C. For battery operated equipment, the equipment tests shall be performed using a new battery.
(f) In the case of radio frequency powered tags designed to operate with a device authorized under this section, the tag may be approved with the device or be considered as a separate device subject to its own authorization. Powered tags approved with a device under a single application shall be labeled with the same identification number as the device.
\[[68 FR 68546](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/68-FR-68546), Dec. 9, 2003\]
#### § 15.227 Operation within the band 26.96-27.28 MHz.
(a) The field strength of any emission within this band shall not exceed 10,000 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The emission limit in this paragraph is based on measurement instrumentation employing an average detector. The provisions in [§ 15.35](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.35) for limiting peak emissions apply.
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(b) The field strength of any emissions which appear outside of this band shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209).
#### § 15.229 Operation within the band 40.66-40.70 MHz.
(a) Unless operating pursuant to the provisions in [§ 15.231](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.231), the field strength of any emissions within this band shall not exceed 1,000 microvolts/meter at 3 meters.
(b) As an alternative to the limit in [paragraph (a)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.229#p-15.229(a)) of this section, perimeter protection systems may demonstrate compliance with the following: the field strength of any emissions within this band shall not exceed 500 microvolts/meter at 3 meters, as determined using measurement instrumentations employing an average detector. The provisions in [§ 15.35](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.35) for limiting peak emissions apply where compliance of these devices is demonstrated under this alternative emission limit.
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(c) The field strength of any emissions appearing outside of this band shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209).
(d) The frequency tolerance of the carrier signal shall be maintained within ±0.01% of the operating frequency over a temperature variation of −20 degrees to + 50 degrees C at normal supply voltage, and for a variation in the primary supply voltage from 85% to 115% of the rated supply voltage at a temperature of 20 degrees C. For battery operated equipment, the equipment tests shall be performed using a new battery.
\[[54 FR 17714](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/54-FR-17714), Apr. 25, 1989, as amended at [55 FR 33910](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/55-FR-33910), Aug. 20, 1990\]
#### § 15.231 Periodic operation in the band 40.66-40.70 MHz and above 70 MHz.
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(a) The provisions of this section are restricted to periodic operation within the band 40.66-40.70 MHz and above 70 MHz. Except as shown in [paragraph (e)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.231#p-15.231(e)) of this section, the intentional radiator is restricted to the transmission of a control signal such as those used with alarm systems, door openers, remote switches, etc. Continuous transmissions, voice, video and the radio control of toys are not permitted. Data is permitted to be sent with a control signal. The following conditions shall be met to comply with the provisions for this periodic operation:
(1) A manually operated transmitter shall employ a switch that will automatically deactivate the transmitter within not more than 5 seconds of being released.
(2) A transmitter activated automatically shall cease transmission within 5 seconds after activation.
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(3) Periodic transmissions at regular predetermined intervals are not permitted. However, polling or supervision transmissions, including data, to determine system integrity of transmitters used in security or safety applications are allowed if the total duration of transmissions does not exceed more than two seconds per hour for each transmitter. There is no limit on the number of individual transmissions, provided the total transmission time does not exceed two seconds per hour.
(4) Intentional radiators which are employed for radio control purposes during emergencies involving fire, security, and safety of life, when activated to signal an alarm, may operate during the pendency of the alarm condition
(5) Transmission of set-up information for security systems may exceed the transmission duration limits in [paragraphs (a)(1)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.231#p-15.231(a)(1)) and [(a)(2)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.231#p-15.231(a)(2)) of this section, provided such transmissions are under the control of a professional installer and do not exceed ten seconds after a manually operated switch is released or a transmitter is activated automatically. Such set-up information may include data.
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(b) In addition to the provisions of [§ 15.205](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.205), the field strength of emissions from intentional radiators operated under this section shall not exceed the following:
Fundamental frequency (MHz)
Field strength of fundamental (microvolts/meter)
Field strength of spurious emissions (microvolts/meter)
40.66-40.70
2,250
225
70-130
1,250
125
130-174
1 1,250 to 3,750
1 125 to 375
174-260
3,750
375
260-470
1 3,750 to 12,500
1 375 to 1,250
Above 470
12,500
1,250
1 Linear interpolations.
(1) The above field strength limits are specified at a distance of 3 meters. The tighter limits apply at the band edges.
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(2) Intentional radiators operating under the provisions of this section shall demonstrate compliance with the limits on the field strength of emissions, as shown in the above table, based on the average value of the measured emissions. As an alternative, compliance with the limits in the above table may be based on the use of measurement instrumentation with a CISPR quasi-peak detector. The specific method of measurement employed shall be specified in the application for equipment authorization. If average emission measurements are employed, the provisions in [§ 15.35](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.35) for averaging pulsed emissions and for limiting peak emissions apply. Further, compliance with the provisions of [§ 15.205](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.205) shall be demonstrated using the measurement instrumentation specified in that section.
(3) The limits on the field strength of the spurious emissions in the above table are based on the fundamental frequency of the intentional radiator. Spurious emissions shall be attenuated to the average (or, alternatively, CISPR quasi-peak) limits shown in this table or to the general limits shown in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209), whichever limit permits a higher field strength.
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(c) The bandwidth of the emission shall be no wider than 0.25% of the center frequency for devices operating above 70 MHz and below 900 MHz. For devices operating above 900 MHz, the emission shall be no wider than 0.5% of the center frequency. Bandwidth is determined at the points 20 dB down from the modulated carrier.
(d) For devices operating within the frequency band 40.66-40.70 MHz, the bandwidth of the emission shall be confined within the band edges and the frequency tolerance of the carrier shall be ±0.01%. This frequency tolerance shall be maintained for a temperature variation of −20 degrees to + 50 degrees C at normal supply voltage, and for a variation in the primary supply voltage from 85% to 115% of the rated supply voltage at a temperature of 20 degrees C. For battery operated equipment, the equipment tests shall be performed using a new battery.
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(e) Intentional radiators may operate at a periodic rate exceeding that specified in [paragraph (a)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.231#p-15.231(a)) of this section and may be employed for any type of operation, including operation prohibited in [paragraph (a)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.231#p-15.231(a)) of this section, provided the intentional radiator complies with the provisions of [paragraphs (b)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.231#p-15.231(b)) through [(d)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.231#p-15.231(d)) of this section, except the field strength table in [paragraph (b)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.231#p-15.231(b)) of this section is replaced by the following:
Fundamental frequency (MHz)
Field strength of fundamental (microvolts/meter)
Field strength of spurious emission (microvolts/meter)
40.66-40.70
1,000
100
70-130
500
50
130-174
500 to 1,5001
50 to 1501
174-260
1,500
150
260-470
1,500 to 5,0001
150 to 5001
Above 470
5,000
500
1 Linear interpolations.
In addition, devices operated under the provisions of this paragraph shall be provided with a means for automatically limiting operation so that the duration of each transmission shall not be greater than one second and the silent period between transmissions shall be at least 30 times the duration of the transmission but in no case less than 10 seconds.
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\[[54 FR 17714](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/54-FR-17714), Apr. 25, 1989; [54 FR 32340](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/54-FR-32340), Aug. 7, 1989, as amended at [68 FR 68546](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/68-FR-68546), Dec. 9, 2003; [69 FR 71383](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/69-FR-71383), Dec. 9, 2004\]
#### § 15.233 Operation within the bands 43.71-44.49 MHz, 46.60-46.98 MHz, 48.75-49.51 MHz and 49.66-50.0 MHz.
(a) The provisions shown in this section are restricted to cordless telephones.
(b) An intentional radiator used as part of a cordless telephone system shall operate centered on one or more of the following frequency pairs, subject to the following conditions:
(1) Frequencies shall be paired as shown below, except that channel pairing for channels one through fifteen may be accomplished by pairing any of the fifteen base transmitter frequencies with any of the fifteen handset transmitter frequencies.
(2) Cordless telephones operating on channels one through fifteen must:
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(i) Incorporate an automatic channel selection mechanism that will prevent establishment of a link on any occupied frequency; and
(ii) The box or an instruction manual which is included within the box which the individual cordless telephone is to be marketed shall contain information indicating that some cordless telephones operate at frequencies that may cause interference to nearby TVs and VCRs; to minimize or prevent such interference, the base of the cordless telephone should not be placed near or on top of a TV or VCR; and, if interference is experienced, moving the cordless telephone farther away from the TV or VCR will often reduce or eliminate the interference. A statement describing the means and procedures used to achieve automatic channel selection shall be provided in any application for equipment authorization of a cordless telephone operating on channels one through fifteen.
Channel
Base transmitter (MHz)
Handset transmitter (MHz)
1
43.720
48.760
2
43.740
48.840
3
43.820
48.860
4
43.840
48.920
5
43.920
49.020
6
43.960
49.080
7
44.120
49.100
8
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44.160
49.160
9
44.180
49.200
10
44.200
49.240
11
44.320
49.280
12
44.360
49.360
13
44.400
49.400
14
44.460
49.460
15
44.480
49.500
16
46.610
49.670
17
46.630
49.845
18
46.670
49.860
19
46.710
49.770
20
46.730
49.875
21
46.770
49.830
22
46.830
49.890
23
46.870
49.930
24
46.930
49.990
25
46.970
49.970
(c) The field strength of the fundamental emission shall not exceed 10,000 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The emission limit in this paragraph is based on measurement instrumentation employing an average detector. The provisions in [§ 15.35](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.35) for limiting peak emissions apply.
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(d) The fundamental emission shall be confined within a 20 kHz band and shall be centered on a carrier frequency shown above, as adjusted by the frequency tolerance of the transmitter at the time testing is performed. Modulation products outside of this 20 kHz band shall be attenuated at least 26 dB below the level of the unmodulated carrier or to the general limits in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209), whichever permits the higher emission levels. Emissions on any frequency more than 20 kHz removed from the center frequency shall consist solely of unwanted emissions and shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209). Tests to determine compliance with these requirements shall be performed using an appropriate input signal as prescribed in [§ 2.989 of this chapter](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-2.989).
(e) All emissions exceeding 20 microvolts/meter at 3 meters are to be reported in the application for certification.
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(f) If the device provides for the connection of external accessories, including external electrical input signals, the device must be tested with the accessories attached. The emission tests shall be performed with the device and accessories configured in a manner which tends to produce the maximum level of emissions within the range of variations that can be expected under normal operating conditions.
(g) The frequency tolerance of the carrier signal shall be maintained within ±0.01% of the operating frequency. The tolerance shall be maintained for a temperature variation of −20 degrees C to + 50 degrees C at normal supply voltage, and for variation in the primary voltage from 85% to 115% of the rated supply voltage at a temperature of 20 degrees C. For battery operated equipment, the equipment tests shall be performed using a new battery.
(h) For cordless telephones that do not comply with [§ 15.214(d) of this part](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/part-15/section-15.214#p-15.214(d)), the box or other package in which the individual cordless telephone is to be marketed shall carry a statement in a prominent location, visible to the buyer before purchase, which reads as follows:
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Notice: The base units of some cordless telephones may respond to other nearby units or to radio noise resulting in telephone calls being dialed through this unit without your knowledge and possibly calls being misbilled. In order to protect against such occurrences, this cordless telephone is provided with the following features: (to be completed by the responsible party).
An application for certification of a cordless telephone shall specify the complete text of the statement that will be carried on the package and indicate where, specifically, it will be located on the carton.
\[[54 FR 17714](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/54-FR-17714), Apr. 25, 1989; [54 FR 32340](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/54-FR-32340), Aug. 7, 1989, as amended at [56 FR 3785](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/56-FR-3785), Jan. 31, 1991; [56 FR 5659](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/56-FR-5659), Feb. 12, 1991; [60 FR 21985](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/60-FR-21985), May 4, 1995\]
#### § 15.235 Operation within the band 49.82-49.90 MHz.
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(a) The field strength of any emission within this band shall not exceed 10,000 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The emission limit in this paragraph is based on measurement instrumentation employing an average detector. The provisions in [§ 15.35](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.35) for limiting peak emissions apply.
(b) The field strength of any emissions appearing between the band edges and up to 10 kHz above and below the band edges shall be attenuated at least 26 dB below the level of the unmodulated carrier or to the general limits in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209), whichever permits the higher emission levels. The field strength of any emissions removed by more than 10 kHz from the band edges shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209). All signals exceeding 20 microvolts/meter at 3 meters shall be reported in the application for certification.
(c) For a home-built intentional radiator, as defined in [§ 15.23(a)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.23#p-15.23(a)), operating within the band 49.82-49.90 MHz, the following standards may be employed:
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(1) The RF carrier and modulation products shall be maintained within the band 49.82-49.90 MHz.
(2) The total input power to the device measured at the battery or the power line terminals shall not exceed 100 milliwatts under any condition of modulation.
(3) The antenna shall be a single element, one meter or less in length, permanently mounted on the enclosure containing the device.
(4) Emissions outside of this band shall be attenuated at least 20 dB below the level of the unmodulated carrier.
(5) The regulations contained in [§ 15.23 of this part](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/part-15/section-15.23) apply to intentional radiators constructed under the provisions of this paragraph.
(d) Cordless telephones are not permitted to operate under the provisions of this section.
#### § 15.236 Operation of wireless microphones in the bands 54-72 MHz, 76-88 MHz, 174-216 MHz, 470-608 MHz and 614-698 MHz.
(a) _Definitions._ The following definitions apply in this section.
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(1) _Wireless Microphone._ An intentional radiator that converts sound into electrical audio signals that are transmitted using radio signals to a receiver which converts the radio signals back into audio signals that are sent through a sound recording or amplifying system. Wireless microphones may be used for cue and control communications and synchronization of TV camera signals as defined in [§ 74.801 of this chapter](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-74.801). Wireless microphones do not include auditory assistance devices as defined in [§ 15.3(a) of this part](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/part-15/section-15.3#p-15.3(a)).
(2) _600 MHz duplex gap._ An 11 megahertz guard band at 652-663 MHz that separates part 27 600 MHz service uplink and downlink frequencies.
(3) _600 MHz guard band._ Designated frequency band at 614-617 MHz that prevents interference between licensed services in the 600 MHz service band and channel 37.
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(4) _600 MHz service band._ Frequencies in the 617-652 MHz and 663-698 MHz bands that are reallocated and reassigned for 600 MHz band services under part 27.
Note to paragraphs (a)(2), (3) and (4):
The specific frequencies will be determined in light of further proceedings pursuant to GN Docket No. 12-268 and the rules will be updated accordingly pursuant to a future public notice.
(5) _Spectrum Act._ Title VI of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 ([Pub. L. 112-96](https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/112/public/96)).
(b) Operation under this section is limited to wireless microphones as defined in this section.
(c) Operation is permitted in the following frequency bands.
(1) Channels allocated and assigned for the broadcast television service.
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(2) Frequencies in the 600 MHz service band on which a 600 MHz service licensee has not commenced operations, as defined in [§ 27.4 of this chapter](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-27.4). Operation on these frequencies must cease no later than the end of the post-auction transition period, as defined in [§ 27.4 of this chapter](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-27.4). Operation must cease immediately if harmful interference occurs to a 600 MHz service licensee.
(3) The 657-663 MHz segment of the 600 MHz duplex gap.
(4) \[Reserved\]
(5) The 614-616 MHz segment of the 600 MHz guard band.
(6) Prior to operation in the frequencies identified in [paragraphs (c)(2)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.236#p-15.236(c)(2)) through [(5)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.236#p-15.236(c)(5)) of this section, wireless microphone users shall rely on the white space databases in part 15, Subpart H to determine that their intended operating frequencies are available for unlicensed wireless microphone operation at the location where they will be used. Wireless microphone users must register with and check a white space database to determine available channels prior to beginning operation at a given location. A user must re-check the database for available channels if it moves to another location.
(d) The maximum radiated power shall not exceed the following values:
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(1) In the bands allocated and assigned for broadcast television and in the 600 MHz service band: 50 mW EIRP
(2) In the 600 MHz guard band and the 600 MHz duplex gap: 20 mW EIRP.
(e) Operation is limited to locations separated from licensed services by the following distances.
(1) Four kilometers outside the following protected service contours of co-channel TV stations.
Type of station
Protected contour
Channel
Contour
(dBu)
Propagation curve
Analog: Class A TV, LPTV, translator and booster
Low VHF (2-6)
47
F(50,50)
High VHF (7-13)
56
F(50,50)
UHF (14-51)
64
F(50,50)
Digital: Full service TV, Class A TV, LPTV, translator and booster
Low VHF (2-6)
28
F(50,90)
High VHF (7-13)
36
F(50,90)
UHF (14-51)
41
F(50,90)
(2) The following distances outside of the area where a 600 MHz service licensee has commenced operations, as defined in [§ 27.4 of this chapter](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-27.4).
Type of station
Separation distance in kilometers
Co-
channel
Adjacent
channel
Base
7
0.2
Mobile
35
31
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(f) The operating frequency within a permissible band of operation as defined in paragraph (c) must comply with the following requirements.
(1) The frequency selection shall be offset from the upper or lower band limits by 25 kHz or an integral multiple thereof.
(2) One or more adjacent 25 kHz segments within the assignable frequencies may be combined to form a channel whose maximum bandwidth shall not exceed 200 kHz. The operating bandwidth shall not exceed 200 kHz.
(3) The frequency tolerance of the carrier signal shall be maintained within ±0.005% of the operating frequency over a temperature variation of −20 degrees to +50 degrees C at normal supply voltage, and for a variation in the primary supply voltage from 85% to 115% of the rated supply voltage at a temperature of 20 degrees C. Battery operated equipment shall be tested using a new battery.
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(g) Emissions within the band from one megahertz below to one megahertz above the carrier frequency shall comply with the emission mask in [§ 8.3](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-8.3) of ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.4.2 (2011-08), _Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Wireless microphones in the 25 MHz to 3 GHz frequency range; Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement_. Emissions outside of this band shall comply with the limits specified in [section 8.4](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-8.4) of ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.4.2 (2011-08).
\[[80 FR 73069](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/80-FR-73069), Nov. 23, 2015, as amended at [81 FR 4974](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/81-FR-4974), Jan. 29, 2016; [82 FR 41559](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/82-FR-41559), Sept. 1, 2017\]
#### § 15.237 Operation in the bands 72.0-73.0 MHz, 74.6-74.8 MHz and 75.2-76.0 MHz.
(a) The intentional radiator shall be restricted to use as an auditory assistance device.
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(b) Emissions from the intentional radiator shall be confined within a band 200 kHz wide centered on the operating frequency. The 200 kHz band shall lie wholly within the above specified frequency ranges.
(c) The field strength within the permitted 200 kHz band shall not exceed 80 millivolts/meter at 3 meters. The field strength of any emissions radiated on any frequency outside of the specified 200 kHz band shall not exceed the general radiated emissions limits specified in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209). The emission limits in this paragraph are based on measurement instrumentation employing an average detector. The provisions in [§ 15.35](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.35) for limiting peak emissions apply.
\[[54 FR 17714](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/54-FR-17714), Apr. 25, 1989, as amended at [57 FR 13048](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/57-FR-13048), Apr. 15, 1992; [78 FR 34927](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/78-FR-34927), June 11, 2013\]
#### § 15.239 Operation in the band 88-108 MHz.
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(a) Emissions from the intentional radiator shall be confined within a band 200 kHz wide centered on the operating frequency. The 200 kHz band shall lie wholly within the frequency range of 88-108 MHz.
(b) The field strength of any emissions within the permitted 200 kHz band shall not exceed 250 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The emission limit in this paragraph is based on measurement instrumentation employing an average detector. The provisions in [§ 15.35](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.35) for limiting peak emissions apply.
(c) The field strength of any emissions radiated on any frequency outside of the specified 200 kHz band shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209).
(d) A custom built telemetry intentional radiator operating in the frequency band 88-108 MHz and used for experimentation by an educational institute need not be certified provided the device complies with the standards in this part and the educational institution notifies the Office of Engineering and Technology, in writing, in advance of operation, providing the following information:
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(1) The dates and places where the device will be operated;
(2) The purpose for which the device will be used;
(3) A description of the device, including the operating frequency, RF power output, and antenna; and,
(4) A statement that the device complies with the technical provisions of this part.
\[[54 FR 17714](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/54-FR-17714), Apr. 25, 1989; [54 FR 32340](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/54-FR-32340), Aug. 7, 1989; [80 FR 53750](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/80-FR-53750), Sept. 8, 2015\]
#### § 15.240 Operation in the band 433.5-434.5 MHz.
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(a) Operation under the provisions of this section is restricted to devices that use radio frequency energy to identify the contents of commercial shipping containers. Operations must be limited to commercial and industrial areas such as ports, rail terminals and warehouses. Two-way operation is permitted to interrogate and to load data into devices. Devices operated pursuant to the provisions of this section shall not be used for voice communications.
(b) The field strength of any emissions radiated within the specified frequency band shall not exceed 11,000 microvolts per meter measured at a distance of 3 meters. The emission limit in this paragraph is based on measurement instrumentation employing an average detector. The peak level of any emissions within the specified frequency band shall not exceed 55,000 microvolts per meter measured at a distance of 3 meters. Additionally, devices authorized under these provisions shall be provided with a means for automatically limiting operation so that the duration of each transmission shall not be greater than 60 seconds and be only permitted to reinitiate an interrogation in the case of a transmission error. Absent such a transmission error, the silent period between transmissions shall not be less than 10 seconds.
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(c) The field strength of emissions radiated on any frequency outside of the specified band shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209).
(d) In the case of radio frequency powered tags designed to operate with a device authorized under this section, the tag may be approved with the device or be considered as a separate device subject to its own authorization. Powered tags approved with a device under a single application shall be labeled with the same identification number as the device.
(e) To prevent interference to Federal Government radar systems, operation under the provisions of this section is not permitted within 40 kilometers of the following locations:
DoD Radar Site
Latitude
Longitude
Beale Air Force Base
39°08′10″ N
121°21′04″ W
Cape Cod Air Force Station
41°45′07″ N
070°32′17″ W
Clear Air Force Station
64°55′16″ N
143°05′02″ W
Cavalier Air Force Station
48°43′12″ N
097°54′00″ W
Eglin Air Force Base
30°43′12″ N
086°12′36″ W
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(f) As a condition of the grant, the grantee of an equipment authorization for a device operating under the provisions of this section shall provide information to the user concerning compliance with the operational restrictions in [paragraphs (a)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.240#p-15.240(a)) and [(e)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.240#p-15.240(e)) of this section. As a further condition, the grantee shall provide information on the locations where the devices are installed to the FCC Office of Engineering and Technology, which shall provide this information to the Federal Government through the National Telecommunications and Information Administration. The user of the device shall be responsible for submitting updated information in the event the operating location or other information changes after the initial registration. The grantee shall notify the user of this requirement. The information provided by the grantee or user to the Commission shall include the name, address, telephone number and e-mail address of the user, the address and geographic coordinates of the operating location, and the FCC identification number of the
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device. The material shall be submitted to the following address: Experimental Licensing Branch, OET, Federal Communications Commission, at the address of the FCC's main office indicated in [47 CFR 0.401(a)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-0.401#p-0.401(a)), ATTN: RFID Registration.
\[[69 FR 29464](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/69-FR-29464), May 24, 2004, as amended at [85 FR 64406](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/85-FR-64406), Oct. 13, 2020\]
#### § 15.241 Operation in the band 174-216 MHz.
(a) Operation under the provisions of this section is restricted to biomedical telemetry devices.
(b) Emissions from the device shall be confined within a 200 kHz band which shall lie wholly within the frequency range of 174-216 MHz.
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(c) The field strength of any emissions radiated within the specified 200 kHz band shall not exceed 1500 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The field strength of emissions radiated on any frequency outside of the specified 200 kHz band shall not exceed 150 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The emission limits in this paragraph are based on measurement instrumentation employing an average detector. The provisions in [§ 15.35](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.35) for limiting peak emissions apply.
#### § 15.242 Operation in the bands 174-216 MHz and 470-668 MHz.
(a) The marketing and operation of intentional radiators under the provisions of this section is restricted to biomedical telemetry devices employed solely on the premises of health care facilities.
(1) A health care facility includes hospitals and other establishments that offer services, facilities, and beds for use beyond 24 hours in rendering medical treatment and institutions and organizations regularly engaged in providing medical services through clinics, public health facilities, and similar establishments, including governmental entities and agencies for their own medical activities.
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(2) This authority to operate does not extend to mobile vehicles, such as ambulances, even if those vehicles are associated with a health care facility.
(b) The fundamental emissions from a biomedical telemetry device operating under the provisions of this section shall be contained within a single television broadcast channel, as defined in [part 73 of this chapter](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/part-73), under all conditions of operation and shall lie wholly within the frequency ranges of 174-216 MHz and 470-668 MHz.
(c) The field strength of the fundamental emissions shall not exceed 200 mV/m, as measured at a distance of 3 meters using a quasi-peak detector. Manufacturers should note that a quasi-peak detector function indicates field strength per 120 kHz of bandwidth ±20 kHz. Accordingly, the total signal level over the band of operation may be higher than 200 mV/m. The field strength of emissions radiated on any frequency outside of the television broadcast channel within which the fundamental is contained shall not exceed the general limits in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209).
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(d) The user and the installer of a biomedical telemetry device operating within the frequency range 174-216 MHz, 470-608 MHz or 614-668 MHz shall ensure that the following minimum separation distances are maintained between the biomedical telemetry device and the authorized radio services operating on the same frequencies:
(1) At least 10.3 km outside of the Grade B field strength contour (56 dBuV/m) of a TV broadcast station or an associated TV booster station operating within the band 174-216 MHz.
(2) At least 5.5 km outside of the Grade B field strength contour (64 dBuV/m) of a TV broadcast station or an associated TV booster station operating within the bands 470-608 MHz or 614-668 MHz.
(3) At least 5.1 km outside of the 68 dBuV/m field strength contour of a low power TV or a TV translator station operating within the band 174-216 MHz.
(4) At least 3.1 km outside of the 74 dBuV/m field strength contour of a low power TV or a TV translator station operating within the bands 470-608 MHz or 614-668 MHz.
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(5) Whatever distance is necessary to protect other authorized users within these bands.
(e) The user and the installer of a biomedical telemetry device operating within the frequency range 608-614 MHz and that will be located within 32 km of the very long baseline array (VLBA) stations or within 80 km of any of the other radio astronomy observatories noted in footnote US385 of [Section 2.106 of this chapter](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-2.106) must coordinate with, and obtain the written concurrence of, the director of the affected radio astronomy observatory before the equipment can be installed or operated. The National Science Foundation point of contact for coordination is: Spectrum Manager, Division of Astronomical Sciences, NSF Room 1045, 4201 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22230; tel: (703) 306-1823.
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(f) Biomedical telemetry devices must not cause harmful interference to licensed TV broadcast stations or to other authorized radio services, such as operations on the broadcast frequencies under subparts G and H of [part 74 of this chapter](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/part-74), land mobile stations operating under [part 90 of this chapter](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/part-90) in the 470-512 MHz band, and radio astronomy operation in the 608-614 MHz band. (See [§ 15.5](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.5).) If harmful interference occurs, the interference must either be corrected or the device must immediately cease operation on the occupied frequency. Further, the operator of the biomedical telemetry device must accept whatever level of interference is received from other radio operations. The operator, _i.e.,_ the health care facility, is responsible for resolving any interference that occurs subsequent to the installation of these devices.
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(g) The manufacturers, installers, and users of biomedical telemetry devices are reminded that they must ensure that biomedical telemetry transmitters operating under the provisions of this section avoid operating in close proximity to authorized services using this spectrum. Sufficient separation distance, necessary to avoid causing or receiving harmful interference, must be maintained from co-channel operations. These parties are reminded that the frequencies of the authorized services are subject to change, especially during the implementation of the digital television services. The operating frequencies of the part 15 devices may need to be changed, as necessary and in accordance with the permissive change requirements of this chapter, to accommodate changes in the operating frequencies of the authorized services.
(h) The manufacturers, installers and users of biomedical telemetry devices are cautioned that the operation of this equipment could result in harmful interference to other nearby medical devices.
\[[62 FR 58658](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/62-FR-58658), Oct. 30, 1997, as amended at [77 FR 76248](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/77-FR-76248), Dec. 27, 2012\]
#### § 15.243 Operation in the band 890-940 MHz.
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(a) Operation under the provisions of this section is restricted to devices that use radio frequency energy to measure the characteristics of a material. Devices operated pursuant to the provisions of this section shall not be used for voice communications or the transmission of any other type of message.
(b) The field strength of any emissions radiated within the specified frequency band shall not exceed 500 microvolts/meter at 30 meters. The emission limit in this paragraph is based on measurement instrumentation employing an average detector. The provisions in [§ 15.35](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.35) for limiting peak emissions apply.
(c) The field strength of emissions radiated on any frequency outside of the specified band shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209).
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(d) The device shall be self-contained with no external or readily accessible controls which may be adjusted to permit operation in a manner inconsistent with the provisions in this section. Any antenna that may be used with the device shall be permanently attached thereto and shall not be readily modifiable by the user.
#### § 15.245 Operation within the bands 902-928 MHz, 2435-2465 MHz, 5785-5815 MHz, 10500-10550 MHz, and 24075-24175 MHz.
(a) Operation under the provisions of this section is limited to intentional radiators used as field disturbance sensors, excluding perimeter protection systems.
(b) The field strength of emissions from intentional radiators operated within these frequency bands shall comply with the following:
Fundamental frequency (MHz)
Field strength of fundamental (millivolts/meter)
Field strength of harmonics (millivolts/meter)
902-928
500
1.6
2435-2465
500
1.6
5785-5815
500
1.6
10500-10550
2500
25.0
24075-24175
2500
25.0
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(1) Regardless of the limits shown in the above table, harmonic emissions in the restricted bands below 17.7 GHz, as specified in [§ 15.205](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.205), shall not exceed the field strength limits shown in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209). Harmonic emissions in the restricted bands at and above 17.7 GHz shall not exceed the following field strength limits:
(i) For the second and third harmonics of field disturbance sensors operating in the 24075-24175 MHz band and for other field disturbance sensors designed for use only within a building or to open building doors, 25.0 mV/m.
(ii) For all other field disturbance sensors, 7.5 mV/m.
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(iii) Field disturbance sensors designed to be used in motor vehicles or aircraft must include features to prevent continuous operation unless their emissions in the restricted bands, other than the second and third harmonics from devices operating in the 24075-24175 MHz band, fully comply with the limits given in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209). Continuous operation of field disturbance sensors designed to be used in farm equipment, vehicles such as fork lifts that are intended primarily for use indoors or for very specialized operations, or railroad locomotives, railroad cars and other equipment which travels on fixed tracks is permitted. A field disturbance sensor will be considered not to be operating in a continuous mode if its operation is limited to specific activities of limited duration (e.g., putting a vehicle into reverse gear, activating a turn signal, etc.).
(2) Field strength limits are specified at a distance of 3 meters.
(3) Emissions radiated outside of the specified frequency bands, except for harmonics, shall be attenuated by at least 50 dB below the level of the fundamental or to the general radiated emission limits in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209), whichever is the lesser attenuation.
(4) The emission limits shown above are based on measurement instrumentation employing an average detector. The provisions in [§ 15.35](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.35) for limiting peak emissions apply.
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\[[54 FR 17714](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/54-FR-17714), Apr. 25, 1989, as amended at [55 FR 46792](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/55-FR-46792), Nov. 7, 1990; [61 FR 42558](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/61-FR-42558), Aug. 16, 1996; [68 FR 68547](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/68-FR-68547), Dec. 9, 2003\]
#### § 15.247 Operation within the bands 902-928 MHz, 2400-2483.5 MHz, and 5725-5850 MHz.
(a) Operation under the provisions of this Section is limited to frequency hopping and digitally modulated intentional radiators that comply with the following provisions:
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(1) Frequency hopping systems shall have hopping channel carrier frequencies separated by a minimum of 25 kHz or the 20 dB bandwidth of the hopping channel, whichever is greater. Alternatively, frequency hopping systems operating in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band may have hopping channel carrier frequencies that are separated by 25 kHz or two-thirds of the 20 dB bandwidth of the hopping channel, whichever is greater, provided the systems operate with an output power no greater than 125 mW. The system shall hop to channel frequencies that are selected at the system hopping rate from a pseudo randomly ordered list of hopping frequencies. Each frequency must be used equally on the average by each transmitter. The system receivers shall have input bandwidths that match the hopping channel bandwidths of their corresponding transmitters and shall shift frequencies in synchronization with the transmitted signals.
(i) For frequency hopping systems operating in the 902-928 MHz band: if the 20 dB bandwidth of the hopping channel is less than 250 kHz, the system shall use at least 50 hopping frequencies and the average time of occupancy on any frequency shall not be greater than 0.4 seconds within a 20 second period; if the 20 dB bandwidth of the hopping channel is 250 kHz or greater, the system shall use at least 25 hopping frequencies and the average time of occupancy on any frequency shall not be greater than 0.4 seconds within a 10 second period. The maximum allowed 20 dB bandwidth of the hopping channel is 500 kHz.
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(ii) Frequency hopping systems operating in the 5725-5850 MHz band shall use at least 75 hopping frequencies. The maximum 20 dB bandwidth of the hopping channel is 1 MHz. The average time of occupancy on any frequency shall not be greater than 0.4 seconds within a 30 second period.
(iii) Frequency hopping systems in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band shall use at least 15 channels. The average time of occupancy on any channel shall not be greater than 0.4 seconds within a period of 0.4 seconds multiplied by the number of hopping channels employed. Frequency hopping systems may avoid or suppress transmissions on a particular hopping frequency provided that a minimum of 15 channels are used.
(2) Systems using digital modulation techniques may operate in the 902-928 MHz, 2400-2483.5 MHz, and 5725-5850 MHz bands. The minimum 6 dB bandwidth shall be at least 500 kHz.
(b) The maximum peak conducted output power of the intentional radiator shall not exceed the following:
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(1) For frequency hopping systems operating in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band employing at least 75 non-overlapping hopping channels, and all frequency hopping systems in the 5725-5850 MHz band: 1 watt. For all other frequency hopping systems in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band: 0.125 watts.
(2) For frequency hopping systems operating in the 902-928 MHz band: 1 watt for systems employing at least 50 hopping channels; and, 0.25 watts for systems employing less than 50 hopping channels, but at least 25 hopping channels, as permitted under [paragraph (a)(1)(i)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(a)(1)(i)) of this section.
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(3) For systems using digital modulation in the 902-928 MHz, 2400-2483.5 MHz, and 5725-5850 MHz bands: 1 Watt. As an alternative to a peak power measurement, compliance with the one Watt limit can be based on a measurement of the maximum conducted output power. Maximum Conducted Output Power is defined as the total transmit power delivered to all antennas and antenna elements averaged across all symbols in the signaling alphabet when the transmitter is operating at its maximum power control level. Power must be summed across all antennas and antenna elements. The average must not include any time intervals during which the transmitter is off or is transmitting at a reduced power level. If multiple modes of operation are possible (e.g., alternative modulation methods), the _maximum conducted output power_ is the highest total transmit power occurring in any mode.
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(4) The conducted output power limit specified in [paragraph (b)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(b)) of this section is based on the use of antennas with directional gains that do not exceed 6 dBi. Except as shown in [paragraph (c)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(c)) of this section, if transmitting antennas of directional gain greater than 6 dBi are used, the conducted output power from the intentional radiator shall be reduced below the stated values in [paragraphs (b)(1)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(b)(1)), [(b)(2)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(b)(2)), and [(b)(3)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(b)(3)) of this section, as appropriate, by the amount in dB that the directional gain of the antenna exceeds 6 dBi.
(c) Operation with directional antenna gains greater than 6 dBi.
(1) Fixed point-to-point operation:
(i) Systems operating in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band that are used exclusively for fixed, point-to-point operations may employ transmitting antennas with directional gain greater than 6 dBi provided the maximum conducted output power of the intentional radiator is reduced by 1 dB for every 3 dB that the directional gain of the antenna exceeds 6 dBi.
(ii) Systems operating in the 5725-5850 MHz band that are used exclusively for fixed, point-to-point operations may employ transmitting antennas with directional gain greater than 6 dBi without any corresponding reduction in transmitter conducted output power.
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(iii) Fixed, point-to-point operation, as used in [paragraphs (c)(1)(i)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(c)(1)(i)) and [(c)(1)(ii)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(c)(1)(ii)) of this section, excludes the use of point-to-multipoint systems, omnidirectional applications, and multiple co-located intentional radiators transmitting the same information. The operator of the spread spectrum or digitally modulated intentional radiator or, if the equipment is professionally installed, the installer is responsible for ensuring that the system is used exclusively for fixed, point-to-point operations. The instruction manual furnished with the intentional radiator shall contain language in the installation instructions informing the operator and the installer of this responsibility.
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(2) In addition to the provisions in [paragraphs (b)(1)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(b)(1)), [(b)(3)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(b)(3)), [(b)(4)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(b)(4)) and [(c)(1)(i)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(c)(1)(i)) of this section, transmitters operating in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band that emit multiple directional beams, simultaneously or sequentially, for the purpose of directing signals to individual receivers or to groups of receivers provided the emissions comply with the following:
(i) Different information must be transmitted to each receiver.
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(ii) If the transmitter employs an antenna system that emits multiple directional beams but does not do emit multiple directional beams simultaneously, the total output power conducted to the array or arrays that comprise the device, _i.e._, the sum of the power supplied to all antennas, antenna elements, staves, etc. and summed across all carriers or frequency channels, shall not exceed the limit specified in [paragraph (b)(1)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(b)(1)) or [(b)(3)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(b)(3)) of this section, as applicable. However, the total conducted output power shall be reduced by 1 dB below the specified limits for each 3 dB that the directional gain of the antenna/antenna array exceeds 6 dBi. The directional antenna gain shall be computed as follows:
(A) The directional gain shall be calculated as the sum of 10 log (number of array elements or staves) plus the directional gain of the element or stave having the highest gain.
(B) A lower value for the directional gain than that calculated in [paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(A)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(c)(2)(ii)(A)) of this section will be accepted if sufficient evidence is presented, e.g., due to shading of the array or coherence loss in the beamforming.
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(iii) If a transmitter employs an antenna that operates simultaneously on multiple directional beams using the same or different frequency channels, the power supplied to each emission beam is subject to the power limit specified in [paragraph (c)(2)(ii)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(c)(2)(ii)) of this section. If transmitted beams overlap, the power shall be reduced to ensure that their aggregate power does not exceed the limit specified in [paragraph (c)(2)(ii)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(c)(2)(ii)) of this section. In addition, the aggregate power transmitted simultaneously on all beams shall not exceed the limit specified in [paragraph (c)(2)(ii)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(c)(2)(ii)) of this section by more than 8 dB.
(iv) Transmitters that emit a single directional beam shall operate under the provisions of [paragraph (c)(1)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(c)(1)) of this section.
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(d) In any 100 kHz bandwidth outside the frequency band in which the spread spectrum or digitally modulated intentional radiator is operating, the radio frequency power that is produced by the intentional radiator shall be at least 20 dB below that in the 100 kHz bandwidth within the band that contains the highest level of the desired power, based on either an RF conducted or a radiated measurement, provided the transmitter demonstrates compliance with the peak conducted power limits. If the transmitter complies with the conducted power limits based on the use of RMS averaging over a time interval, as permitted under [paragraph (b)(3)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(b)(3)) of this section, the attenuation required under this paragraph shall be 30 dB instead of 20 dB. Attenuation below the general limits specified in [§ 15.209(a)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209#p-15.209(a)) is not required. In addition, radiated emissions which fall in the restricted bands, as defined in [§ 15.205(a)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.205#p-15.205(a)), must also comply with the radiated emission limits specified in [§ 15.209(a)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209#p-15.209(a)) (see [§ 15.205(c)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.205#p-15.205(c))).
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(e) For digitally modulated systems, the power spectral density conducted from the intentional radiator to the antenna shall not be greater than 8 dBm in any 3 kHz band during any time interval of continuous transmission. This power spectral density shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of [paragraph (b)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.247#p-15.247(b)) of this section. The same method of determining the conducted output power shall be used to determine the power spectral density.
(f) For the purposes of this section, hybrid systems are those that employ a combination of both frequency hopping and digital modulation techniques. The frequency hopping operation of the hybrid system, with the direct sequence or digital modulation operation turned-off, shall have an average time of occupancy on any frequency not to exceed 0.4 seconds within a time period in seconds equal to the number of hopping frequencies employed multiplied by 0.4. The power spectral density conducted from the intentional radiator to the antenna due to the digital modulation operation of the hybrid system, with the frequency hopping operation turned off, shall not be greater than 8 dBm in any 3 kHz band during any time interval of continuous transmission.
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Note to paragraph (f):
The transition provisions found in [§ 15.37(h)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.37#p-15.37(h)) will apply to hybrid devices beginning June 2, 2015.
(g) Frequency hopping spread spectrum systems are not required to employ all available hopping channels during each transmission. However, the system, consisting of both the transmitter and the receiver, must be designed to comply with all of the regulations in this section should the transmitter be presented with a continuous data (or information) stream. In addition, a system employing short transmission bursts must comply with the definition of a frequency hopping system and must distribute its transmissions over the minimum number of hopping channels specified in this section.
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(h) The incorporation of intelligence within a frequency hopping spread spectrum system that permits the system to recognize other users within the spectrum band so that it individually and independently chooses and adapts its hopsets to avoid hopping on occupied channels is permitted. The coordination of frequency hopping systems in any other manner for the express purpose of avoiding the simultaneous occupancy of individual hopping frequencies by multiple transmitters is not permitted.
Note to paragraph (h):
Spread spectrum systems are sharing these bands on a noninterference basis with systems supporting critical Government requirements that have been allocated the usage of these bands, secondary only to ISM equipment operated under the provisions of [part 18 of this chapter](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/part-18). Many of these Government systems are airborne radiolocation systems that emit a high EIRP which can cause interference to other users. Also, investigations of the effect of spread spectrum interference to U. S. Government operations in the 902-928 MHz band may require a future decrease in the power limits allowed for spread spectrum operation.
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(i) Radio frequency devices operating under the provisions of this part are subject to the radio frequency radiation exposure requirements specified in [§§ 1.1307(b)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-1.1307#p-1.1307(b)), [1.1310](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-1.1310), [2.1091](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-2.1091), and [2.1093 of this chapter](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-2.1093), as appropriate. Applications for equipment authorization of mobile or portable devices operating under this section must contain a statement confirming compliance with these requirements. Technical information showing the basis for this statement must be submitted to the Commission upon request.
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\[[54 FR 17714](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/54-FR-17714), Apr. 25, 1989, as amended at [55 FR 28762](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/55-FR-28762), July 13, 1990; [62 FR 26242](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/62-FR-26242), May 13, 1997; [65 FR 57561](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/65-FR-57561), Sept. 25, 2000; [67 FR 42734](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/67-FR-42734), June 25, 2002; [69 FR 54035](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/69-FR-54035), Sept. 7, 2004; [72 FR 5632](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/72-FR-5632), Feb. 7, 2007; [79 FR 24578](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/79-FR-24578), May 1, 2014; [85 FR 18149](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/85-FR-18149), Apr. 1, 2020\]
#### § 15.249 Operation within the bands 902-928 MHz, 2400-2483.5 MHz, 5725-5875 MHZ, and 24.0-24.25 GHz.
(a) Except as provided in [paragraph (b)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.249#p-15.249(b)) of this section, the field strength of emissions from intentional radiators operated within these frequency bands shall comply with the following:
Fundamental frequency
Field strength of fundamental (millivolts/meter)
Field strength of harmonics (microvolts/meter)
902-928 MHz
50
500
2400-2483.5 MHz
50
500
5725-5875 MHz
50
500
24.0-24.25 GHz
250
2500
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(b) Fixed, point-to-point operation as referred to in this paragraph shall be limited to systems employing a fixed transmitter transmitting to a fixed remote location. Point-to-multipoint systems, omnidirectional applications, and multiple co-located intentional radiators transmitting the same information are not allowed. Fixed, point-to-point operation is permitted in the 24.05-24.25 GHz band subject to the following conditions:
(1) The field strength of emissions in this band shall not exceed 2500 millivolts/meter.
(2) The frequency tolerance of the carrier signal shall be maintained within ±0.001% of the operating frequency over a temperature variation of −20 degrees to +50 degrees C at normal supply voltage, and for a variation in the primary supply voltage from 85% to 115% of the rated supply voltage at a temperature of 20 degrees C. For battery operated equipment, the equipment tests shall be performed using a new battery.
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(3) Antenna gain must be at least 33 dBi. Alternatively, the main lobe beamwidth must not exceed 3.5 degrees. The beamwidth limit shall apply to both the azimuth and elevation planes. At antenna gains over 33 dBi or beamwidths narrower than 3.5 degrees, power must be reduced to ensure that the field strength does not exceed 2500 millivolts/meter.
(c) Field strength limits are specified at a distance of 3 meters.
(d) Emissions radiated outside of the specified frequency bands, except for harmonics, shall be attenuated by at least 50 dB below the level of the fundamental or to the general radiated emission limits in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209), whichever is the lesser attenuation.
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(e) As shown in [§ 15.35(b)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.35#p-15.35(b)), for frequencies above 1000 MHz, the field strength limits in [paragraphs (a)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.249#p-15.249(a)) and [(b)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.249#p-15.249(b)) of this section are based on average limits. However, the peak field strength of any emission shall not exceed the maximum permitted average limits specified above by more than 20 dB under any condition of modulation. For point-to-point operation under [paragraph (b)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.249#p-15.249(b)) of this section, the peak field strength shall not exceed 2500 millivolts/meter at 3 meters along the antenna azimuth.
\[[54 FR 17714](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/54-FR-17714), Apr. 25, 1989, as amended at [55 FR 25095](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/55-FR-25095), June 20, 1990; [67 FR 1625](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/67-FR-1625), Jan. 14, 2002; [77 FR 4914](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/77-FR-4914), Feb. 1, 2012\]
#### § 15.250 Operation of wideband systems within the band 5925-7250 MHz.
(a) The −10 dB bandwidth of a device operating under the provisions of this section must be contained within the 5925-7250 MHz band under all conditions of operation including the effects from stepped frequency, frequency hopping or other modulation techniques that may be employed as well as the frequency stability of the transmitter over expected variations in temperature and supply voltage.
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(b) The −10 dB bandwidth of the fundamental emission shall be at least 50 MHz. For transmitters that employ frequency hopping, stepped frequency or similar modulation types, measurement of the −10 dB minimum bandwidth specified in this paragraph shall be made with the frequency hop or step function disabled and with the transmitter operating continuously at a fundamental frequency following the provisions of [§ 15.31(m)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.31#p-15.31(m)).
(c) Operation on board an aircraft or a satellite is prohibited. Devices operating under this section may not be employed for the operation of toys. Except for operation onboard a ship or a terrestrial transportation vehicle, the use of a fixed outdoor infrastructure is prohibited. A fixed infrastructure includes antennas mounted on outdoor structures, e.g., antennas mounted on the outside of a building or on a telephone pole.
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(d) Emissions from a transmitter operating under this section shall not exceed the following equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) density levels:
(1) The radiated emissions above 960 MHz from a device operating under the provisions of this section shall not exceed the following RMS average limits based on measurements using a 1 MHz resolution bandwidth:
Frequency in MHz
EIRP in dBm
960-1610
−75.3
1610-1990
−63.3
1990-3100
−61.3
3100-5925
−51.3
5925-7250
−41.3
7250-10600
−51.3
Above 10600
−61.3
(2) In addition to the radiated emission limits specified in the table in [paragraph (d)(1)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.250#p-15.250(d)(1)) of this section, transmitters operating under the provisions of this section shall not exceed the following RMS average limits when measured using a resolution bandwidth of no less than 1 kHz:
Frequency in MHz
EIRP in dBm
1164-1240
−85.3
1559-1610
−85.3
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(3) There is a limit on the peak level of the emissions contained within a 50 MHz bandwidth centered on the frequency at which the highest radiated emission occurs and this 50 MHz bandwidth must be contained within the 5925-7250 MHz band. The peak EIRP limit is 20 log (RBW/50) dBm where RBW is the resolution bandwidth in megahertz that is employed by the measurement instrument. RBW shall not be lower than 1 MHz or greater than 50 MHz. The video bandwidth of the measurement instrument shall not be less than RBW. If RBW is greater than 3 MHz, the application for certification filed with the Commission shall contain a detailed description of the test procedure, calibration of the test setup, and the instrumentation employed in the testing.
(4) Radiated emissions at or below 960 MHz shall not exceed the emission levels in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209).
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(5) Emissions from digital circuitry used to enable the operation of the transmitter may comply with the limits in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209) provided it can be clearly demonstrated that those emissions are due solely to emissions from digital circuitry contained within the transmitter and the emissions are not intended to be radiated from the transmitter's antenna. Emissions from associated digital devices, as defined in [§ 15.3(k)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.3#p-15.3(k)), e.g., emissions from digital circuitry used to control additional functions or capabilities other than the operation of the transmitter, are subject to the limits contained in [subpart B of this part](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/part-15/subpart-B). Emissisons from these digital circuits shall not be employed in determining the −10 dB bandwidth of the fundamental emission or the frequency at which the highest emission level occurs.
(e) Measurement procedures:
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(1) All emissions at and below 960 MHz are based on measurements employing a CISPR quasi-peak detector. Unless otherwise specified, all RMS average emission levels specified in this section are to be measured utilizing a 1 MHz resolution bandwidth with a one millisecond dwell over each 1 MHz segment. The frequency span of the analyzer should equal the number of sampling bins times 1 MHz and the sweep rate of the analyzer should equal the number of sampling bins times one millisecond. The provision in [§ 15.35(c)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.35#p-15.35(c)) that allows emissions to be averaged over a 100 millisecond period does not apply to devices operating under this section. The video bandwidth of the measurement instrument shall not be less than the resolution bandwidth and trace averaging shall not be employed. The RMS average emission measurement is to be repeated over multiple sweeps with the analyzer set for maximum hold until the amplitude stabilizes.
(2) The peak emission measurement is to be repeated over multiple sweeps with the analyzer set for maximum hold until the amplitude stabilizes.
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(3) For transmitters that employ frequency hopping, stepped frequency or similar modulation types, the peak emission level measurement, the measurement of the RMS average emission levels, and the measurement to determine the frequency at which the highest level emission occurs shall be made with the frequency hop or step function active. Gated signals may be measured with the gating active. The provisions of [§ 15.31(c)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.31#p-15.31(c)) continue to apply to transmitters that employ swept frequency modulation.
(4) The −10 dB bandwidth is based on measurement using a peak detector, a 1 MHz resolution bandwidth, and a video bandwidth greater than or equal to the resolution bandwidth.
(5) Alternative measurement procedures may be considered by the Commission.
\[[70 FR 6774](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/70-FR-6774), Feb. 9, 2005\]
#### § 15.251 Operation within the bands 2.9-3.26 GHz, 3.267-3.332 GHz, 3.339-3.3458 GHz, and 3.358-3.6 GHz.
(a) Operation under the provisions of this section is limited to automatic vehicle identification systems (AVIS) which use swept frequency techniques for the purpose of automatically identifying transportation vehicles.
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(b) The field strength anywhere within the frequency range swept by the signal shall not exceed 3000 microvolts/meter/MHz at 3 meters in any direction. Further, an AVIS, when in its operating position, shall not produce a field strength greater than 400 microvolts/meter/MHz at 3 meters in any direction within ±10 degrees of the horizontal plane. In addition to the provisions of [§ 15.205](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.205), the field strength of radiated emissions outside the frequency range swept by the signal shall be limited to a maximum of 100 microvolts/meter/MHz at 3 meters, measured from 30 MHz to 20 GHz for the complete system. The emission limits in this paragraph are based on measurement instrumentation employing an average detector. The provisions in [§ 15.35](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.35) for limiting peak emissions apply.
(c) The minimum sweep repetition rate of the signal shall not be lower than 4000 sweeps per second, and the maximum sweep repetition rate of the signal shall not exceed 50,000 sweeps per second.
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(d) An AVIS shall employ a horn antenna or other comparable directional antenna for signal emission.
(e) Provision shall be made so that signal emission from the AVIS shall occur only when the vehicle to be identified is within the radiated field of the system.
(f) In addition to the labelling requirements in [§ 15.19(a)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.19#p-15.19(a)), the label attached to the AVIS transmitter shall contain a third statement regarding operational conditions, as follows:
\* \* \* and, (3) during use this device (the antenna) may not be pointed within ±\*\* degrees of the horizontal plane.
The double asterisks in condition three (\*\*) shall be replaced by the responsible party with the angular pointing restriction necessary to meet the horizontal emission limit specified in paragraph (b).
(g) In addition to the information required in subpart J of part 2, the application for certification shall contain:
(1) Measurements of field strength per MHz along with the intermediate frequency of the spectrum analyzer or equivalent measuring receiver;
*
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*(2) The angular separation between the direction at which maximum field strength occurs and the direction at which the field strength is reduced to 400 microvolts/meter/MHz at 3 meters;
(3) A photograph of the spectrum analyzer display showing the entire swept frequency signal and a calibrated scale for the vertical and horizontal axes; the spectrum analyzer settings that were used shall be labelled on the photograph; and,
(4) The results of the frequency search for spurious and sideband emissions from 30 MHz to 20 GHz, exclusive of the swept frequency band, with the measuring instrument as close as possible to the unit under test.
\[[54 FR 17714](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/54-FR-17714), Apr. 25, 1989; [54 FR 32340](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/54-FR-32340), Aug. 7, 1989\]
#### § 15.252 Operation of wideband vehicular radar systems within the band 23.12-29.0 GHz.
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*(a) Operation under this section is limited to field disturbance sensors that are mounted in terrestrial transportation vehicles. Terrestrial use is limited to earth surface-based, non-aviation applications.
(1) The −10 dB bandwidth of the fundamental emissions shall be located within the 23.12-29.0 GHz band, exclusive of the 23.6-24.0 GHz restricted band, as appropriate, under all conditions of operation including the effects from stepped frequency, frequency hopping or other modulation techniques that may be employed as well as the frequency stability of the transmitter over expected variations in temperature and supply voltage.
(2) The −10 dB bandwidth of the fundamental emission shall be 10 MHz or greater. For transmitters that employ frequency hopping, stepped frequency or similar modulation types, measurement of the −10 dB minimum bandwidth specified in this paragraph shall be made with the frequency hop or step function disabled and with the transmitter operating continuously at a fundamental frequency following the provisions of [§ 15.31(m)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.31#p-15.31(m)).
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*(3) For systems operating in the 23.12-29.0 GHz band, the frequencies at which the highest average emission level and at which the highest peak level emission appear shall be greater than 24.075 GHz.
(4) These devices shall operate only when the vehicle is operating, e.g., the engine is running. Operation shall occur only upon specific activation, such as upon starting the vehicle, changing gears, or engaging a turn signal. The operation of these devices shall be related to the proper functioning of the transportation vehicle, e.g., collision avoidance.
(b) Emissions from a transmitter operating under this section shall not exceed the following equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) density levels:
(1) For transmitters operating in the 23.12-29.0 GHz band, the RMS average radiated emissions above 960 MHz from a device operating under the provisions of this section shall not exceed the following EIRP limits based on measurements using a 1 MHz resolution bandwidth:
Frequency in MHz
EIRP in dBm
960-1610
−75.3
1610-23,120
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*−61.3
23,120-23,600
−41.3
23,600-24,000
−61.3
24,000-29,000
−41.3
Above 29,000
—61.3
(2) In addition to the radiated emissions limits specified in the table in [paragraph (b)(1)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.252#p-15.252(b)(1)) of this section, transmitters operating under the provisions of this section shall not exceed the following RMS average EIRP limits when measured using a resolution bandwidth of no less than 1 kHz:
Frequency in MHz
EIRP in dBm
1164-1240
−85.3
1559-1610
−85.3
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*(3) There is a limit on the peak level of the emissions contained within a 50 MHz bandwidth centered on the frequency at which the highest radiated emission occurs and this 50 MHz bandwidth must be contained within the 24.05-29.0 GHz band. The peak EIRP limit is 20 log (RBW/50) dBm where RBW is the resolution bandwidth in MHz employed by the measurement instrument. RBW shall not be lower than 1 MHz or greater than 50 MHz. Further, RBW shall not be greater than the −10 dB bandwidth of the device under test. For transmitters that employ frequency hopping, stepped frequency or similar modulation types, measurement of the −10 dB minimum bandwidth specified in this paragraph shall be made with the frequency hop or step function disabled and with the transmitter operating continuously at a fundamental frequency. The video bandwidth of the measurement instrument shall not be less than RBW. The limit on peak emissions applies to the 50 MHz bandwidth centered on the frequency at which the highest level radiated emission occurs. If RBW is greater than 3 MHz, the application for certification shall contain a detailed description of the test procedure, the instrumentation employed in the testing, and the calibration of the test setup.
(4) Radiated emissions at or below 960 MHz shall not exceed the emission levels in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209).
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*(5) Emissions from digital circuitry used to enable the operation of the transmitter may comply with the limits in [§ 15.209](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.209) provided it can be clearly demonstrated that those emissions are due solely to emissions from digital circuitry contained within the transmitter and the emissions are not intended to be radiated from the transmitter's antenna. Emissions from associated digital devices, as defined in [§ 15.3(k)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.3#p-15.3(k)) , e.g., emissions from digital circuitry used to control additional functions or capabilities other than the operation of the transmitter, are subject to the limits contained in [subpart B of this part](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/part-15/subpart-B). Emissions from these digital circuits shall not be employed in determining the −10 dB bandwidth of the fundamental emission or the frequency at which the highest emission level occurs.
(c) Measurement procedures:
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*(1) All emissions at and below 960 MHz are based on measurements employing a CISPR quasi-peak detector. Unless otherwise specified, all RMS average emission levels specified in this section are to be measured utilizing a 1 MHz resolution bandwidth with a one millisecond dwell over each 1 MHz segment. The frequency span of the analyzer should equal the number of sampling bins times 1 MHz and the sweep rate of the analyzer should equal the number of sampling bins times one millisecond. The provision in [§ 15.35(c)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.35#p-15.35(c)) that allows emissions to be averaged over a 100 millisecond period does not apply to devices operating under this section. The video bandwidth of the measurement instrument shall not be less than the resolution bandwidth and trace averaging shall not be employed. The RMS average emission measurement is to be repeated over multiple sweeps with the analyzer set for maximum hold until the amplitude stabilizes.
(2) The peak emission measurement is to be repeated over multiple sweeps with the analyzer set for maximum hold until the amplitude stabilizes.
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*(3) For transmitters that employ frequency hopping, stepped frequency or similar modulation types, the peak emission level measurement, the measurement of the RMS average emission levels, the measurement to determine the center frequency, and the measurement to determine the frequency at which the highest level emission occurs shall be made with the frequency hop or step function active. Gated signals may be measured with the gating active. The provisions of [§ 15.31(c)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.31#p-15.31(c)) continue to apply to transmitters that employ swept frequency modulation.
(4) The −10 dB bandwidth is based on measurement using a peak detector, a 1 MHz resolution bandwidth, and a video bandwidth greater than or equal to the resolution bandwidth.
(5) Alternative measurement procedures may be considered by the Commission.
(d) Wideband vehicular radar systems operating in the 23.12-29.0 GHz band are subject to the transition provisions of [§ 15.37(l)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.37#p-15.37(l)) through [(n)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.37#p-15.37(n)).
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*\[[70 FR 6775](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/70-FR-6775), Feb. 9, 2005, as amended at [82 FR 43870](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/82-FR-43870), Sept. 20, 2017\]
#### § 15.253 \[Reserved\]
#### § 15.255 Operation within the band 57-71 GHz.
(a) _General._ Operation under the provisions of this section is not permitted for equipment used on satellites.
(b) _Operation on aircraft._ Operation on aircraft is permitted under the following conditions:
(1) When the aircraft is on the ground.
(2) While airborne, only in closed exclusive on-board communication networks within the aircraft, with the following exceptions:
(i) Equipment shall not be used in wireless avionics intra-communication (WAIC) applications where external structural sensors or external cameras are mounted on the outside of the aircraft structure.
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*(ii) Except as permitted in [paragraph (b)(3)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.255#p-15.255(b)(3)) of this section, equipment shall not be used on aircraft where there is little attenuation of RF signals by the body/fuselage of the aircraft.
(iii) Field disturbance sensor/radar devices may only operate in the frequency band 59.3-71.0 GHz while installed in passengers' personal portable electronic equipment (_e.g.,_ smartphones, tablets) and shall comply with [paragraph (b)(2)(i)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.255#p-15.255(b)(2)(i)) of this section, and relevant requirements of [paragraphs (c)(2)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.255#p-15.255(c)(2)) through [(c)(4)](/on/2024-04-11/title-47/section-15.255#p-15.255(c)(4)) of this section.
(3) Field disturbance sensors/radar devices deployed on unmanned aircraft may operate within the frequency band 60-64 GHz, provided that the transmitter not exceed 20 dBm peak EIRP. The sum of continuous transmitter off-times of at least two milliseconds shall equal at least 16.5 milliseconds within any contiguous interval of 33 milliseconds. Operation shall be limited to a maximum of 121.92 meters (400 feet) above ground level.
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*(c) _Radiated power limits._ Within the 57-71 GHz band, emission levels shall not exceed the following equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP):
(1) Devices other than field disturbance sensors shall comply with one of the following power limits, as measured during the transmit interval:
(i) The average power of any emission shall not exceed 40 dBm and the peak power of any emission shall not exceed 43 dBm; or
(ii) For fixed point-to-point transmitters located outdoors, the average power of any emission shall not exceed 82 dBm, and shall be reduced by 2 dB for every dB that the antenna gain is less than 51 dBi. The peak power of any emission shall not exceed 85 dBm, and shall be reduced by 2 dB for every dB that the antenna gain is less than 51 dBi.
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