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17326149

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%20%28Keller%20Williams%20album%29

12 (Keller Williams album)

12 is the twelfth album by Keller Williams, released in 2007. It features one song from each of his previous 11 albums, as well as one previously un-recorded song (Freshies). Track listing Turn in Difference 3:24 Anyhow Anyway 5:24 Tribe 4:48 Breathe 4:13 More Than a Little 7:50 Freeker by the Speaker 4:54 Butt Sweat 4:42 Apparition 4:37 Keep It Simple 4:35 Local 4:08 People Watchin' 5:16 Freshies 2:43 The 'Make the Title Look Silly' Track 3:15 Credits John Alagía – Engineer, Mixing Robert Battaglia – Engineer Mark Berger – Package Design Ty Burhoe – Tabla Kevin Clock – Engineer, Mixing Jeff Covert – Guitar, Engineer, Editing, Remixing, Mastering, Mixing, Soloist Doug Derryberry – Guitar, Engineer, Mixing Craig Dougald – Marimba Béla Fleck – Banjo, Engineer David Glasser – Mastering Louis Gosain – Engineer, Sample Engineering Bill Harris – Quintet Artwork Scott Harris – Bass Stacy Heydon – Engineer, Mixing Kyle Hollingsworth – Keyboards Scott Hull – Mastering Jamie Janover – Dulcimer (Hammer) Michael Kang – Violin Jenny Keel – Bass Larry Keel – Guitar Brian Durrett - Bass Jack Mascari – Engineer Bill Nershi – Slide Guitar Tye North – Bass Charlie Pilzer – Mastering Jim Robeson – Engineer, Mixing, Sample Engineering Jeff Sipe – Drums Clif Franck - Drums Michael Travis – Percussion, Drums Keller Williams – Bass, Guitar, Piano (Electric), Voices, Guitar (10 String), Guitar (12 String), Djembe, Shaker, Drum Samples Victor Wooten – Bass References 2007 albums Keller Williams albums SCI Fidelity Records albums

23570564

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20winners%20of%20the%20Amsterdam%20Marathon

List of winners of the Amsterdam Marathon

This article lists the winners of the Amsterdam Marathon, which was first held during the 1928 Summer Olympics (men's competition only) and annually from 1975 onwards, with the exception of 1978. The current course records of 2:03:38 (men) and 2:17:57 (women) were set in the 2021 edition by Tamirat Tola and Angela Tanui respectively. Ferenc Szekeres, Cor Vriend, Sammy Korir, Plonie Scheringa, and Marja Wokke won the Amsterdam Marathon each two times, and Gerard Nijboer won the marathon four times. Men's winners Women's winners Victories by nationality References Amsterdam Marathon Statistics Palmares Marathon d'Amsterdam Amsterdam Sport in Amsterdam Marathon Amsterdam Marathon

20463927

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20M.%20G.%20Le%20Cl%C3%A9zio%20bibliography

J. M. G. Le Clézio bibliography

This is a list of works by J. M. G. Le Clézio, the French Nobel Laureate. Novels Children's books Short stories La Fièvre Translated by Daphne Woodward in 1966 as "The Fever" Mondo et autres histoires La ronde et autres faits divers "La ronde et autres faits divers" was translated into English as "The Round & Other Cold Hard Facts" by C. Dickson. Printemps et autres saisons Awaité Pawana La Fête chantée et autres essais de thème amérindien Cœur brûle et autres romances Tabataba suivi de pawana Essays Travel diaries Voyage à Rodrigues Raga. Approche du continent invisible Collection translations Les Prophéties du Chilam Balam Translated by the Author into French Relation de Michoacan Translation of "Relación de Michoacan" from medieval Spanish into French. This codex, copied in the years 1539–1540, contains the narration of a Franciscan friar, whom the American historian Dr. Benedict Warren identified as Fray Gerónimo de Alcalá. Sirandanes Translated by the Author into French Petit lexique de la langue créole et des oiseaux References External links Bibliographies by writer Bibliographies of French writers Children's literature bibliographies

17326167

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safi%20Faye

Safi Faye

Safi Faye (born November 22, 1943) is a Senegalese film director and ethnologist. She was the first Sub-Saharan African woman to direct a commercially distributed feature film, Kaddu Beykat, which was released in 1975. She has directed several documentary and fiction films focusing on rural life in Senegal. Biography Early life and education Safi Faye was born in 1943 in Dakar, Senegal, to an aristocratic Serer family. Her parents, the Fayes, were from Fad'jal, a village south of Dakar. She attended the Normal School in Rufisque and receiving her teaching certificate in 1962 or 1963, began teaching in Dakar. In 1966 she went to the Dakar Festival of Negro Arts and met French ethnologist and filmmaker Jean Rouch. He encouraged her to use film making as an ethnographic tool. She had an acting role in his 1971 film Petit à petit. Faye has said that she dislikes Rouch's film but that working with him enabled her to learn about filmmaking and cinéma-vérité. In the 1970s she studied ethnology at the École pratique des hautes études and then at the Lumière Film School. She supported herself by working as a model, an actor and in film sound effects. In 1979, she received a PhD in ethnology from the University of Paris. From 1979 to 1980, Faye studied video production in Berlin and was a guest lecturer at the Free University of Berlin. She received a further degree in ethnology from the Sorbonne in 1988. Film career Faye's first film, in which she also acted, was a 1972 short called La Passante (The Passerby), drawn from her experiences as a foreign woman in Paris. It follows a woman (Faye) walking down a street and noticing the reactions of men nearby. Faye's first feature film was Kaddu Beykat, which means The Voice of the Peasant in Wolof and was known internationally as Letter from My Village or News from My Village. She obtained financial backing for Kaddu Beykat from the French Ministry of Cooperation. Released in 1975, it was the first feature film to be made by a Sub-Saharan African woman to be commercially distributed and gained international recognition for Faye. On its release it was banned in Senegal. In 1976 it won the FIPRESCI Prize from the International Federation of Film Critics (tied with Chhatrabhang) and the OCIC Award. Faye's 1983 documentary film Selbé: One Among Many follows a 39-year-old woman called Sélbe who works to support her eight children since her husband has left their village to look for work. Selbé regularly converses with Faye, who remains off-screen, and describes her relationship with her husband and daily life in the village. Faye's films are better known in Europe than in her native Africa, where they are rarely shown. Personal life Faye, who lives in Paris, is divorced and has one daughter. Filmography 1972: La Passante (The Passerby) 1975: Kaddu Beykat (Letter from My Village) 1979: Fad'jal (Come and work) 1979: Goob na nu (The harvest is in) 1980: Man Sa Yay (I, Your Mother) 1981: Les âmes au soleil (Souls under the Sun) 1983: Selbe: One Among Many (or Selbe and So Many Others) 1983: 3 ans 5 mois (Three years five months) 1985: Racines noires (Black Roots) 1985: Elsie Haas, femme peintre et cinéaste d'Haiti (Elsie Haas, Haitian Woman Painter and Filmmaker) 1989: Tesito 1996: Mossane References Bibliography External links 1943 births Senegalese ethnologists Women ethnologists Living people People from Dakar Safi Senegalese anthropologists Senegalese film actresses Senegalese film directors Senegalese women film directors Serer anthropologists Serer film directors Serer actresses

23570579

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukavica%20%28Isto%C4%8Dno%20Novo%20Sarajevo%29

Lukavica (Istočno Novo Sarajevo)

Lukavica () is a town in the municipalities of Istočno Novo Sarajevo, Republika Srpska , Bosnia and Herzegovina and Novo Sarajevo, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Demographics According to the 2013 census, its population was 8,616, with 7,785 of them living in the Republika Srpska part and 831 in the Federation part. References Cities and towns in Republika Srpska Populated places in Istočno Novo Sarajevo

23570587

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telef%C3%A9rico%20de%20Monserrate

Teleférico de Monserrate

The Teleférico de Monserrate is a tourist cable car that connects Bogotá with the Monserrate hill. History The cable car to Monserrate was built to provide service to the increasing number of parishioners who ascended to the Basilica del Señor de Monserrate in the years 1950, when the only means of ascent was the funicular train, or pulled train. Designed by the Swiss Von Roll company, its construction began in 1953 and it was commissioned on September 27, 1955. When it was finished, the total cost of the work amounted to one million pesos. At that time a peso bought a dollar. The equipment used today to manage the system is in perfect condition, and has also been updated and modernized. The action boards, monitoring and security systems are fully computerized, which makes it one of the most modern systems in the world. Over the years the cable car has changed in color and appearance. At first it was white, then it was painted yellow, then red and green, later red, now it is orange. Current system The cable car takes four minutes to travel the 820 meters between the station of the ring road with Calle 26 up to 3,152 meters, at the station on the hill. Each car can comfortably accommodate 35 people, who pay approximately $US 6.50 for the ride up and down, from Monday to Friday, at night the rate is higher and goes to $US 6.80. Since it began service, an accident that has occurred has been that of last December 24, 2018, which shows that it is a safe means of transport. The supporting cables on which the car is supported are changed every 70 years and those that pull the cars are changed every 35 years. Although it does not use advertising, this system is profitable. The most congested days are Good Fridays, when some 3,500 people move. That is to say that they make 10 to 12 trips. The cable car operates from Monday to Saturday from 12 noon to 12 midnight and Sundays and holidays from 5:30 in the morning to 6 in the afternoon. The advantage of the cable car over the funicular is to provide a panoramic view of the city of Bogotá. The funicular, on the other hand, operates from Monday to Saturday from 7:40 a.m. to 11:40 a.m. and on Sundays and holidays from 5:30 a.m. to 6 p.m. THE CABLE CAR CHANGES ITS IMAGE After 60 years of service, the cable car to Monserrate continues to retain its classic style but changes its image to start a new stage, with the purpose of making your visit more pleasant, making each trip its passengers have a pleasant experience, for For this reason, one of its main attributes is a better panoramic view. Among other qualities that can be appreciated from the new design are: 1. Interior lighting and ambient sound. 2. Fresher, modern, spacious, light and friendly image. 3. Thematic adaptation for seasons. 4. Its orange and green colors connect visitors with nature, making orange a symbol of the beautiful sunsets that can be seen from the top of the mountain, enveloping the visitor in the green of the thick vegetation that surrounds the eastern hills creating a memory in the mind of those who visit the hill. Opening date November 28, 2015 See also List of aerial tramways References External links Cerro de Monserrate Aerial tramways in Colombia Transport in Bogotá Transport infrastructure completed in 1955 1955 establishments in Colombia

23570597

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey%27s%20Mechanical%20House

Mickey's Mechanical House

"Mickey's Mechanical House" is a cartoon made by Walt Disney Television Animation. It was originally released in 1999. It was narrated by Monty Python member John Cleese. Plot This cartoon is narrated in rhyme. Mickey Mouse keeps trying to sleep while living in an old, unrepaired house, which constantly annoys him. Mickey decides to move out of it; he takes Pluto and runs down a sidewalk full of houses. Soon, he meets a salesman who is selling a modern and clean "electric house" where anything can be controlled by a push of a button on a remote control. Mickey, delighted that it was better than the other, buys the house and moves in it. At first, the mouse is happy with his new home, but the robotic servant (who refuses to let Mickey stay up to explore the house at night) and malfunctioning equipment make him change his mind and escape from the place. Eventually, Mickey changes his values and returns to live in his old house. Cast Wayne Allwine as Mickey Mouse Bill Farmer as Pluto John Cleese as the Narrator Jeff Bennett as Salesman References Mickey Mouse short films 1999 films 1999 animated films 1990s Disney animated short films Films scored by Stephen James Taylor

23570600

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoita%20orbicularis

Hoita orbicularis

Hoita orbicularis is a species of legume known by the common name roundleaf leather-root. It is endemic to California, where it is relatively widespread throughout the state's mountain ranges, growing most often in moist habitat. It is a perennial herb growing prostrate or nearly so at ground level with large leaves each made up of three round leaflets up to long each. The herbage is glandular and often hairy. The inflorescence is an erect raceme which may be up to long. Each of the many flowers is one or two centimeters long, pealike, and generally a shade of light to medium purple in color. The fruit is a hairy, veiny legume pod just under long. External links Jepson Manual Treatment USDA Plants Profile Photo gallery Psoraleeae Flora of California Flora without expected TNC conservation status

23570602

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aza%20Gazgireyeva

Aza Gazgireyeva

Aza Adlopovna Gazgireyeva (; 29 October 1954, Saran, Kazakhstan – 10 June 2009, Nazran), also known as Aza Gazgireeva, was an Ingush jurist who served as the deputy chief justice of the Supreme Court of Ingushetia. She was assassinated in Nazran on 10 June 2009. Gazgireyeva became deputy chief justice on the Ingush Supreme Court following the assassination of her predecessor on the court, Khasan Yandiyev, on 13 April 2008. On 10 June 2009, gunmen opened fire on Gazgireyeva's chauffeur-driven van in the Ingushetian city of Nazran shortly after she dropped her children off at kindergarten. At least one gunman reportedly walked up to Gazgireyeva and shot her in the head. Five other people, including a one-year-old child, were injured during the attack on Gazgireyeva, according to Russian television broadcasts. The gunmen escaped in two cars. Gazgireyeva died at a hospital in Nazran hours after the attack. Gazgireyeva is believed to have been killed because of her work on the court. She oversaw Supreme Court trials involving crimes carried out by Islamic extremists and separatist groups in Russia's North Caucasus region. She may have been targeted for her role in the investigation of a 2004 attack on Ingush police forces by Chechen militants. The chairman of the Ingush Supreme Court, Mikhail Zadvornov, told Russia's Interfax news agency that, "Aza Gazgireyeva was a judge with 25 years experience ... the reason for her murder was her professional activities." Ingushetia's deputy interior minister Valery Zhernov called Gazgireyeva's killing both "brutal" and "brazen". Gazgireyeva's assassination came just eighteen months after the shooting death of her predecessor, Khasan Yandiyev. Her death came amidst a series of attacks on officials in Ingushetia and other parts of Russia's troubled Caucasus region. Adilgerei Magomedtagirov, a Russian general and interior minister of neighboring Dagestan, was shot dead on 5 June 2009. The President of Ingushetia Yunus-Bek Yevkurov was critically wounded in a suicide bombing on 22 June 2009, less than two weeks after Gazgireyeva's death. References 2009 deaths Assassinated Russian people Ingush people People from Ingushetia Russian judges Russian murder victims Place of birth missing Russian women judges 20th-century Russian people 21st-century Russian people 21st-century judges 1954 births 21st-century women judges 20th-century Russian women

23570604

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love%20and%20How%20to%20Cure%20It

Love and How to Cure It

Love and How to Cure It is a 1937 British comedy film directed by Royston Morley, based on a story by Thornton Wilder and starring Sara Gregory, Louise Hampton, Edward Chapman and Athene Seyler. It was made by the BBC for television, but also shown in cinemas as well. References External links 1937 films 1937 comedy films British comedy films British black-and-white films 1930s English-language films 1930s British films

23570607

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Horne

George Horne

George Horne may refer to: George Horne (bishop) (1730–1792), Church of England bishop George Horne (ice hockey) (1904–1929), Canadian ice hockey player George Horne (politician) (1811–1873), politician in the electoral district of Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia George Horne (rugby union) (born 1995), Scottish rugby union player See also George Henry Horn (1840–1897), American entomologist

17326179

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Mogg%2C%20Baron%20Mogg

John Mogg, Baron Mogg

John Frederick Mogg, Baron Mogg (5 October 1943) is a previous Chairman of Ofgem and the current Chairman of the EU Energy Regulators. It was announced that he would become a life peer on 18 April 2008, and on 28 May 2008 he was created Baron Mogg, of Queen's Park in the county of East Sussex. On 14 January 2019 he retired from the House of Lords. Professional life Mogg spent half of his career in the Civil Service, particularly with regards to industry and European issues. He also served with the European Commission, reaching the grade of Director-General with responsibility for the Internal Market and Financial Services. Mogg is currently Chair of the Board of Governors at Brighton College. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in 2003. In his previous role as chairman of energy regulator Ofgem (a three-day-a-week job), he received £214,999 a year salary, as revealed to the public in July 2010. Titles Mr John Mogg (1943–2003) Sir John Mogg KCMG (2003–2008) The Rt. Hon. The Lord Mogg KCMG (2008–) References 1943 births Crossbench life peers Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Living people People's peers Life peers created by Elizabeth II

17326184

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indulekha.com

Indulekha.com

Indulekha.com () is an infotainment web portal for Malayalam books, movies, music, videos and paintings. The website publishes film and book reviews as well as other entertainment features. The website is edited by Swapna Tom Mangatt. Indulekha is the first Keralan website to enter the Limca Book of Records after its exhibition of the complete works of Jnanpith Award winner M T Vasudevan Nair. Held between 18 April – 19 May 2006, the exhibition was the first of its kind in the history of Indian internet. Visitors were able to read selected pages from each of the books and leave their comments on the works. Channels The PINK channel depicts trends and temptations in fashion, home making, food and travel. And there's a section of personal finance named, Money Plant. The GREEN channel is for the written word and the painted world, adorned by geniuses from Vaikom Muhammad Basheer to Balachandran Chullikkad; from Raja Ravi Varma to Bini Roy. The channel repletes with innovative features including excerpts from books and the best collection of Malayalam e-literature. The ORANGE channel entertains with Malayalam movie and music updates, reviews, interviews and interesting videos. References External links Indulekha official website The HINDU bookworms on the net The HINDU soccer book fair Limca Book Of Indian Records New Indian Express - Indulekha.com Enters Limca Book of Records Indulekha - A journey through Malayalam literary works New Indian Express Report on India's first online cartoon exhibition Malayalam-language mass media Mass media in Kerala Online companies of India

20463938

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaudesert%20railway%20line

Beaudesert railway line

The Beaudesert railway line (also known as the Upper Logan railway line) is a disused branch railway in South East Queensland, Australia. The first section opened in 1885, the line was completed in 1888 and operated as a Queensland Government Railways (QGR) line until 1996 (Passenger service ceased in 1961). A heritage operation was undertaken for a short period in 2003. The Canungra railway line connected at Logan Village between 1915 and 1955, and the Beaudesert Shire Tramway connected with the terminal between 1903 and 1944. A study was undertaken in 2010 by the Queensland government concerning a potential Salisbury-to-Beaudesert rail corridor as a long-term potential proposal. Route The 43 kilometre-long line commenced at Bethania railway station () south of Brisbane. It branches off the Beenleigh Line at a triangular junction immediately south of Bethania station () then progresses generally south-west to Jimboomba and then generally south to its terminus at Beaudesert, on the following route. History In 1877, a line was proposed from Wacol to Logan Village, Beaudesert and Tamrookum. A trial survey was taken around 1881 with the route commencing from Goodna. This line proposed 1-in-30 (~3.3%) grades, the steepest on the QGR system at the time, as well as requiring a bridge over the Logan River. The line as built commenced at Bethania on the Beenleigh railway line, south of the Logan River and had the advantage of being a shorter distance of new construction. The section from Bethania to Logan Village was opened on 21 September 1885, with the Logan Village to Beaudesert section opened on 16 May 1888. Initially trains were 'mixed' (i.e. consisting of both passenger carriages and goods wagons) until 1929, from when passenger services used rail motors. Use of the passenger services declined with the increasing ownership of cars following World War II, leading to the termination of the passenger services in 1961. However the Beaudesert abattoir and the dairy farmers continued to use the freight services on the line until freight services terminated on 20 May 1996. The line was unused until Beaudesert railway enthusiasts obtained an Australian Government grant to establish Beaudesert Rail to operate the line as a heritage tourism service. Beaudesert Rail In 2001, a grant provided by the federal government was given to a local group of Beaudesert people who traded as Beaudesert Rail (BR). The group set about acquiring rolling stock and locomotives. The line was upgraded to C17 use. When QGR services still operated on the Beaudesert Branch, only PB15's, B13's, B15's and 60t diesels were used. In order for Beaudesert Rail to commence steam services on the line, they needed to upgrade their track to carry the weight of their C17. The first Beaudesert rail service was held on 18 December 2002 with a run from Beaudesert to Logan Village and return. On 8 March 2003, Beaudesert Rail commenced steam-hauled services. Beaudesert Rail's steam locomotive was an ex-QR C17 #967. Built by Walkers Limited in Maryborough, 967 was in service for 19 years before being placed in a park at Caloundra. In 1985, the Ghan railway bought 967 as a gate train. In 2000, 967 was purchased and road-hauled to Beaudesert. Beaudesert rail then commenced services to Bethania on 4 April 2003. The last service to Bethania took place on 28 June 2003. On that date, Beaudesert Rail's ex-Emu Bay diesel 1105 derailed about south of Bethania, between the Dairy Creek Road and Easterly Street level crossings. Beaudesert rail experienced financial problems and the group disbanded in 2005. In 2006, the Zig Zag Railway acquired the former Beaudesert Rail carriages for use on their Blue Mountains system. Remains Whilst the track has not been substantially removed, many level crossings have been removed and paved over. The corridor is overgrown and many sections are utilised for livestock grazing. At Logan Village, only the platform remains and is covered with growth, the station area is rarely mown and fences have collapsed. At the Waterford - Tamborine road crossing the signals and signage have recently been removed after intersection upgrades. At Jimboomba, all that remains is the track. An attempt to remove the section of line here was made, but not completed. At Beaudesert the station building, water tower stand and the floor of the goods shed remains. Immediately south of the station building, the line has been covered with dirt and is now a car park. However, the station building has been repainted and a new station nameboard installed. Proposed Salisbury - Beaudesert line In 2010 a Queensland Government study proposed a new passenger rail line to Beaudesert utilising (and potentially duplicating and electrifying) the dual gauge line from Salisbury to Kagaru, then a new alignment to Veresdale, where the final ~9 km original alignment to Beaudesert would be utilised. In November 2019 the Queensland Government and Australian Government agreed to fund a $10M business case to investigate construction of two electrified narrow-gauge passenger tracks from Salisbury to Beaudesert and two dual-gauge freight tracks between Acacia Ridge and Kagaru, a corridor which is being proposed for the Inland Rail project. See also Rail transport in Queensland References External links Railway lines opened in 1888 Closed railway lines in Queensland Logan City 3 ft 6 in gauge railways in Australia 1888 establishments in Australia Scenic Rim Region 1996 disestablishments in Australia Railway lines closed in 1996 2003 establishments in Australia 2004 disestablishments in Australia

20463950

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm%20Wingert

Norm Wingert

Norman "Norm" Wingert (born April 18, 1950) is an American former professional soccer player who played as a goalkeeper. He played in the North American Soccer League between 1973 and 1975 for the Philadelphia Atoms. His son Chris is also a professional footballer. Wingert attended Hartwick College where he played soccer from 1969 to 1971. He then played for the Philadelphia Atoms of the North American Soccer League from 1973 to 1975. In 1976, he played for the New York Apollo of the American Soccer League. Norm is the father of Chris Wingert who played as a defender for Real Salt Lake. References External links NASL career stats American soccer players American Soccer League (1933–1983) players Hartwick Hawks men's soccer players New York Apollo players North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players Philadelphia Atoms players 1950 births Living people Association football goalkeepers

20463958

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copa%20Petrobras%20Asunci%C3%B3n

Copa Petrobras Asunción

The Copa Petrobras Asunción is a tennis tournament that was held in Asunción, Paraguay from 2006 to 2010. The event is part of the ATP Challenger Tour and was played on outdoor clay courts. Past finals Singles Doubles External links ITF search ATP Challenger Tour Tennis tournaments in Paraguay Clay court tennis tournaments

23570612

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goswin%20of%20Anchin

Goswin of Anchin

Goswin was a Benedictine abbot. Born in Douai in 1082, then in the County of Flanders and since 1668 in France, he studied in Paris and afterwards returned to Douai to teach theology. Goswin then entered Anchin Abbey in 1113, in Pecquencourt, near his hometown, and became a Benedictine monk. In 1130 he was made abbot of Anchin Abbey. Goswin died of natural causes in 1165 at Pecquencourt. References 1082 births 1165 deaths 12th-century Christian saints Benedictine abbots Flemish Christian monks French Benedictines 12th-century people from the county of Flanders de:Goswin von Anchin fr:Gossuin d'Anchin

23570627

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20tropical%20storms%20named%20Soudelor

List of tropical storms named Soudelor

The name Soudelor has been used to name three tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The name was contributed by the Federated States of Micronesia and is the name of a legendary chief of the ancient Saudeleur Dynasty in Pohnpei. Typhoon Soudelor (2003) (T0306, 07W, Egay) – Category 4 typhoon that approached the Philippines, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea Tropical Storm Soudelor (2009) (T0905, 05W, Gorio) – weak storm that struck southern China Typhoon Soudelor (2015) (T1513, 13W, Hanna) – Category 5 super typhoon, had severe impacts in the Northern Mariana Islands, Taiwan, and eastern China The name Soudelor was retired from the Western Pacific naming lists after the 2015 season and replaced with Saudel. Pacific typhoon set index articles

20463967

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken%20Fran%C3%A7aise

Chicken Française

Chicken Française (or Chicken Francese) is an Italian-American dish of flour-dredged, egg-dipped, sautéed chicken cutlets with a lemon-butter and white wine sauce. The dish is popular in the region surrounding Rochester, New York, where it is known as Chicken French, to the point that some have suggested the dish be called Chicken Rochester. When Italian immigrants arrived in Rochester, they brought their recipes with them, including veal francese, but they substituted chicken for the more expensive veal. Another source says that Veal Francese had been popular in the region since the 1950s, but when consumers boycotted veal in the 1970s, area chefs like James Cianciola of the Brown Derby Restaurant successfully substituted chicken. Cianciola credits chefs Tony Mammano and Joe Cairo with bringing the dish from New York City. Despite being such a well-known dish in Italian-American culture, francese is not a classical dish or sauce. There are no written recipes that mark the origin of this dish. Artichokes French is a common variation using artichoke hearts instead of chicken. Artichokes French is often served as an appetizer. See also Piccata List of chicken dishes Italian-American cuisine References French Italian-American cuisine Culture of Rochester, New York Cuisine of New York (state)

23570631

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haywards%20Heath%20East%20%28electoral%20division%29

Haywards Heath East (electoral division)

Haywards Heath East is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom, and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council. Extent The division covers the eastern part of the town of Haywards Heath. It comprises the following Mid Sussex District wards: Haywards Heath Bentswood Ward and Haywards Heath Franklands Ward; and of the eastern part of the civil parish of Haywards Heath. On 31 October 2013 John de Mierre died, this necessitated the holding of a bye-election, which was held on 19 December 2013 Election results 2013 Bye-election Results of the bye-election held on 19 December 2013: 2013 Election Results of the election held on 2 May 2013: 2009 Election Results of the election held on 4 June 2009: 2005 Election Results of the election held on 5 May 2005: References Election Results - West Sussex County Council External links West Sussex County Council Election Maps Electoral Divisions of West Sussex Haywards Heath

20463995

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down%20by%20the%20Station

Down by the Station

"Down by the Station" (also known as "Down at the Station") is a popular song written by Paul Mills and Slim Gaillard and first recorded by The Slim Gaillard Trio in 1947. The song was most famously recorded by Tommy Dorsey in 1948. Background The song remains popular today as a children's music standard. The opening lines of the song are: Down by the station, early in the morning, see the little pufferbellies all in a row. It is a simple song about a railroad station master seeing the steam locomotives off to work. The song itself is much older than 1948; it has been seen in a 1931 Recreation magazine. Whether deliberately copied or not, the tune is very closely related to the chorus of the French-Canadian folk song "Alouette". Although the first line is similar to "Alouette", it is more closely related to the tune of "The Itsy-Bitsy Spider," with the first two lines being similar. The third line of "Down By the Station" is higher in pitch than the second, and the fourth line returns to the pitch of the first line (except for a higher pitched or onomatopoetic "Toot! Toot!"). Other versions The Four Preps recorded a version of "Down By the Station" in 1959, featuring an entirely different set of lyrics by group members Bruce Belland and Glen Larson. It peaked at #13 on the Billboard Hot 100. Popular culture Reverend Wilbert Awdry may have been inspired by the words of the song to write his first Railway Series story, Edward's Day Out. See also List of train songs References 1948 songs 1959 singles Children's songs Tommy Dorsey songs Songs about trains Songs written by Slim Gaillard

23570633

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body%20Language%20%28Jesse%20McCartney%20song%29

Body Language (Jesse McCartney song)

"Body Language" is Jesse McCartney's fourth and final single from his album Departure and his second and final single from Departure: Recharged. Release It has been officially announced by McCartney during his tour that this would be his next single during this summer as a follow up to the successful hit "Leavin'" which was released the previous summer as well as the previous singles, "It's Over" and "How Do You Sleep?". It was released as a remix featuring T-Pain. Release and composition The single version featuring T-Pain became available as a digital download on September 8, 2009. It was sent to U.S. radio on the same day. Versions "Body Language (without T-Pain)" – 3:39 "Body Language (feat. T-Pain)" – 3:42 Body Language (Element Club - No Rap) 6:35 Body Language (Element Club) [feat. T-Pain] 6:55 Body Language (Bimbo Jones Dub) 6:40 Body Language (Element Extended Radio Edit - No Rap) 4:53 Body Language (Element Radio Edit) 4:34 Body Language (Element Extended Radio Edit) [feat. T-Pain] 5:22 Body Language (DJ Mike Cruz Tribal Vox Mix [No Drop]) 8:31 Body Language (DJ Mike Cruz Tribal Vox (No Drop Mix)) 8:16 Body Language (DJ Mike Cruz Dubamental) 8:31 Body Language (DJ Mike Cruz Radio Edit) 4:31 Body Language (with T-Pain) (Video) - 3:50 Music video The music video was released on September 8, 2009. The video shows 4 different shots: First- McCartney & T-Pain on the studio, recording the song. Second- McCartney performing the song on his show. Third- Shots of women walking on a beach. Fourth- Shots of McCartney on roller coasters and other rides at Six Flags in Maryland. Chart performance The song debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 chart of September 19, 2009, at number 84. On October 24, 2009, the song re-entered at number 71, and eventually peaked at number 35 on the chart and becoming 5th top 40 song in the country. Charts References 2009 singles Jesse McCartney songs T-Pain songs Hollywood Records singles Songs written by Jesse McCartney 2008 songs Song recordings produced by the Movement (production team)

20464002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardowiek

Bardowiek

Bardowiek () is an abandoned village in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It lies in the territory of the municipality Selmsdorf. History The earliest surviving record of Bardowiek is in the Ratzeburger Hufenregister and dates from 1292. The town was virtually destroyed during the Thirty Years War, but was rebuilt after the war’s end in 1648. During the early years of the German Democratic Republic there were still approximately forty residents. However, Bardowiek found itself in the five kilometre wide closed zone, a strip of land cleared by the government directly to the east of the Inner German border. In 1960, all the farmsteads were incorporated into the farming collective of Palingen. Destruction of the former farms began in 1977 and was completed only in 1989. After the reunification, surviving former residents sought to rebuild the village. However, their aspirations have been thwarted by a succession of legal disputes. Context of Bardowiek's destruction In the district of North-west Mecklenburg alone, no fewer than thirteen separate villages were destroyed during the later decades of the East German state in order to clear a strip of land beside the Inner German border. This was done to create a larger territory of a "no-go area" closest to the border to West Germany after the east became concerned about the extent of emigration to the western state. Other nearby destroyed villages included Lenschow, Wahlstorf (Lüdersdorf), Lankow (Mustin) and Neuhof (Gadebusch). References Former populated places in Germany Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

23570643

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There%20Ain%27t%20No%20Justice

There Ain't No Justice

There Ain't No Justice is a 1939 British sports drama film directed by Pen Tennyson and starring Jimmy Hanley, Edward Chapman and Edward Rigby. The film is based on the 1937 novel of the same name by James Curtis. Plot summary Tommy Mutch (Jimmy Hanley) is a garage mechanic and small-time boxer. With his family in financial difficulty he needs to find money in a hurry. As luck would have it he meets boxing manager Sammy Sanders (Edward Chapman). Sammy assures Tommy he can get him lucrative main event bouts. Tommy is promoted as the next boxing star which is reinforced with a series of convincing wins. However, Tommy discovers that the bouts were fixed by a gambling syndicate. He realises now that he has been set up by his manager and is expected to take a fall. He has little choice but to go-ahead but needs to come up with a plan. One that will guarantee a financial return for his family while also hitting the syndicates in the pocket. Cast Jimmy Hanley as Tommy Mutch Edward Rigby as Pa Mutch Mary Clare as Ma Mutch Phyllis Stanley as Elsie Mutch Edward Chapman as Sammy Sanders Jill Furse as Connie Fletcher Nan Hopkins as Dot Ducrow Richard Ainley as Billy Frist Gus McNaughton as Alfie Norton Sue Gawthorne as Mrs. Frost Michael Hogarth as Frank Fox Michael Wilding as Len Charteris Richard Norris as Stan Al Millen as Perce John Boxer as Mr Short James Knight as Police Constable Production James Curtis adapted his own novel, There Ain't No Justice to provide the screenplay for the film. He had done so the year before for one of his own novels, They Drive By Night, for the film of the same name. As with that adaptation he found himself having to remove areas of dialogue and story that would not get by the censors of the time. Many of these would be depictions of graphic violence against men rather than the sexual nature of his previous novel. This was the first film directed by Pen Tennyson, who had served as Assistant Director to Alfred Hitchcock from 1934. He would go on to direct two further films before being killed during World War II. The film features an uncredited role by real life boxer Bombardier Billy Wells, best remembered as one of the gongmen featured in the Rank Organisation films logo. Release and reception It was released theatrically in the UK with the slogan "Real people, Real problems, a human document". Due in part to its distinctive realistic portrayal of the boxing world it became a critical success. However, the author Graham Greene, having praised the previous year's James Curtis adaptation (They Drive by Night), was not convinced. He considered the film to be timid and too refined in its depiction of the subject matter. It is available on DVD in the UK on Volume Eight of Network's Ealing Studios Rarities Collection. It is often shown at film revivals in both the US and UK and was shown in May 2010 as part of BFI Southbank's "Capital Tales" season. It was also shown on the London Live television channel on Sunday 13th Sept 2015. References External links There Ain't No Justice at BFI Film Database 1939 films 1930s sports drama films British sports drama films British crime drama films Films based on British novels 1939 crime drama films British black-and-white films British boxing films Films set in London Ealing Studios films 1939 directorial debut films Films directed by Pen Tennyson Films with screenplays by Pen Tennyson 1930s English-language films 1930s British films

20464034

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BigFM

BigFM

Big FM is a German radio network that consists of three regional radio stations: bigFM Der Neue Beat in Baden-Württemberg, bigFM Hot Music Radio in Rhineland-Palatinate and bigFM Saarland in Saarland. The format is Rhythmic CHR, and the network specialises in pop, rock, dance, hip-hop and rap. Talk shows are also featured late at night that mainly focuses on young people's issues and stories, and broadcast weeknights from midnight - 2 am (Nightlounge) and Sunday from 10:45 pm - midnight (Night Talk). Frequencies Today bigFM is the biggest private radio station for young people in Germany with 2.5 million weekly listeners. In addition, 11 million people are aware of the station's existence. FM Stuttgart: 89.5 FM Rottweil: 99.0 FM Villingen-Schwenningen: 99.5 FM Cologne: 104.9 FM Frankfurt: 104.5 FM Koblenz: 104.0 FM Trier: 106.4 FM Eifel: 106.6 FM Karlsruhe: 105.2 FM Kaiserslautern: 107.6 FM Saarburg: 96.5 FM Pirmasens: 96.7 FM Baden-Baden: 103.8 FM Mannheim: 87.8 FM Heidelberg: 90.9 FM Sinsheim: 97.2 FM Ulm: 99.7 FM Freiburg: 102.8 FM Tübingen: 89.7 FM Heilbronn: 104.7 FM Aalen: 105.1 FM Göppingen: 100.3 FM Ludwigshafen: 106.7 FM Saarbrücken: 94.2 FM Merzig: 92.6 FM St. Ingbert: 96.8 Controversy The creators of bigFM had always been using practices that were rated by observers as nonsense or meaningless. In one case in 2016 this also led to a criticism of the national institute for communication Baden-Wuerttemberg at the marketing practice of the transmitter. One of the station's most controversial actions took place in summer 2017. Breakfast DJ Rob Green attempted to send a WhatsApp message to Marlen Gröger, who he expected to be a newsreader for DASDING. Its content stated that if she could leave the studio immediately even when she was reading out the news on that station, she would get a job on "Germany's biggest morning show". That message was finally sent at 7:31am that day. The message was as follows (originally in German):Hey Marlen, wenn du jetzt LIVE während deiner Nachrichten hinschmeißt, hab ich nen Job für dich in Deutschlands biggster Morningshow auf BigFM! Wir hören dich gerade!It turned out that the person who read the newscast at the time on DASDING was Athene Pi Permantier, not Marlen. In addition, Marlen had already finished her contract with DASDING for quite some time and was now working at BigFM. The radio station's production team posted an image of the act as its proof, however it caused some major backlash, with Facebook users calling the act "fake news", "scam" and questioning the station's journalistic ethic. Moreover, Baden-Württemberg Foundation decided to cancel the media partnership with BigFM for an event against fake news, false reports and fake information. The radio station later issued an apology saying they were sorry for this cancellation, but assured it was completely about "introducing a new good journalist" alone, and argued that the term of "fake news" was highly questionable, since Rob Green's show was entertainment-oriented, not hard news-oriented. In the comment section under some of the event's reports, some users said the action was not good, but described the excitement as "exaggerated." It was also noted that Marlen Gröger could not read Rob's message whatsoever during the live newscast. After investigating this view was confirmed by the Landesanstalt für Kommunikation Baden-Württemberg (LFK). There is also no violation of the state media law. The LFK accused the media criticism website Übermedien.de for "mistakenly" reporting about the bigFM action. Webradios In addition to the four main BigFM streams, BigFM also provides 22 webradios including: BigFM Charts BigFM Hip-Hop BigFM Dance BigFM Mashup BigFM Rock am Ring BigFM Sunset Lounge BigFM US Rap & Hip-Hop BigFM Oldschool Rap & Hip-Hop BigFM Deutschrap BigFM Deutscher Hip-Hop Charts BigFM Oldschool Deutschrap BigFM Groovenight BigFM Urban Club Beats BigFM World Beats BigFM NitroX EDM & Progressive BigFM NitroX Deep & Tech House BigFM Latin Beats BigFM Dancehall & Reggae Vibez BigBALKAN BigSES Türkei BigRUSSIA BigORIENT References External links Official bigFM cityclubbing Website bigKARRIERE - Job Information Board of BigFM (German) Radio stations in Germany Radio stations established in 2000

23570649

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preshute

Preshute

Preshute is a civil parish immediately west and northwest of Marlborough in Wiltshire, England. Unusually for a Wiltshire parish, it does not take its name from any town or village. The population at the 2011 census was 193. The River Kennet and the A4 road cross the parish; the boundary between Marlborough and Preshute is beyond Manton, about along the A4 from the centre of Marlborough. The parish is almost entirely downland and farmland. The settlements are Manton House (with Manton Stables, where racehorses are trained) and the hamlet of Clatford. History In the 12th or 13th century the boundary between Preshute and Marlborough was immediately west of Marlborough Castle and the parish included the villages of Manton and Clatford. In 1925 an eastern section, including Preshute church. was transferred to Marlborough and in 1934 the Marlborough boundary moved further west to include Manton. Church The Anglican Church of St George is at about west of the centre of Marlborough, beyond Marlborough College and just south of the Kennet. It has a 15th-century tower and was restored in 1854 by T.H. Wyatt; it is Grade II* listed and forms part of the Marlborough Benefice. This area was identified as Preshute as recently as the 1961 (7th series) Ordnance Survey map but on current maps and road signs it is part of Manton. School Preshute Primary School is in Manton, outside the parish. See also Marlborough White Horse References External links Civil parishes in Wiltshire

23570657

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Nichols

George Nichols

George Nichols or Nicholls may refer to: Artists George Nichols (actor and director) (1864–1927), American actor and director George Nicholls Jr. (1897–1939), American director and editor Politicians George Nichols (Australian politician) (1809–1857), New South Wales politician George Nicholls (British politician) (1864–1943), British Member of Parliament for North Northamptonshire, 1906–1910 George Nichols (American politician) (1827–1907), Vermont physician, politician, and educator George Nicolls (also spelled Nicholls; c.1884–1942), Sinn Féin politician in the Irish revolutionary period Sports George Nichols (cricketer) (1862–1911), Gloucestershire and Somerset first-class cricketer George Nichols (boxer) (1907–1986), light heavyweight boxer George Nicholls (rugby league) (born 1944), English rugby league footballer George Nicholls (footballer) (b. 1890), English footballer, played for Chelsea, Southend Utd, Ton Pentre, Rochdale, Leyton and Walthamstow Grange Others George Nichols (martyr) (c. 1550–1589), English Catholic martyr George Nicholls (commissioner) (1781–1865), British Poor Law Commissioner George Elwood Nichols (1882–1939), American botanist George Ward Nichols (1831–1885), American journalist See also George Nicol (disambiguation)

20464056

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renee%20Godfrey

Renee Godfrey

Renee Godfrey (born Renee Vera Haal; September 1, 1919 – May 24, 1964) was an American stage and motion picture actress and singer. Early life Godfrey was born September 1, 1919, in New York, with Dutch and French ancestry as the daughter of Emil Haall, a Dutch diamond merchant, and his wife. Career Beginning at age 11, she worked as a model, and as a sophomore in high school she switched to night classes so that she could model during the day. She posed for artist John La Gatta and photographers Edward Steichen, Victor Keppler, John Hutchins, and others. She appeared in advertisements that were published nationally, and she had the most-photographed hands and legs in New York. When a film executive saw her image on a billboard, that led the way to her work in motion pictures. Godfrey was featured on both radio and television programs in Britain. She initially entered films at RKO, working as Renee Haal, and made her début in Sam Wood's Kitty Foyle (1940). Also in 1940, she was selected by RKO as that studio's actress most likely to succeed in a film career. Her next movie, Unexpected Uncle (1941), was directed by Peter Godfrey, who also directed her in the romantic thriller Highways by Night in 1942. Her work in Unexpected Uncle resulted in her signing a long-term contract with RKO early in 1942. She began working as Renee Godfrey in Up in Arms (1944). During World War II, she and her husband entertained troops with amateur magic shows that they put on through the USO. She continued working in small roles, such as Vivian Vedder in Terror by Night (1946), in which she sported a particularly unconvincing English accent, and Mrs. Stebbins in Stanley Kramer's Inherit the Wind. She worked into the 1960s, appearing in Can-Can and Tender Is the Night. For the most part, however, Godfrey was out of view. Her director-husband, who had flourished on 50s TV, was in ill health by the end of the decade. Taking secretarial and real estate classes to help support the family income, Godfrey tried making a comeback of sorts, finding bit roles in the films. She was also a guest player on such shows as Perry Mason, Hazel, The Donna Reed Show and Wagon Train. Personal life In 1938, she went to London for a singing engagement and met the actor/director/screenwriter Peter Godfrey, whom she married on August 6, 1941. He was almost 20 years her senior. With primary focus on raising her three children (which included a set of twins), she was seen only sporadically on TV during the 1950s with guest roles on programs hosted by Loretta Young and Jane Wyman. Death She died in Los Angeles, California, on 24 May 1964 from the effects of cancer. She was 44 years old. Her final performance in the film, Those Calloways was released posthumously. Her body was buried at Glendale's Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery. Filmography Films roles Kitty Foyle (1940) - Shopgirl in Elevator (uncredited) Let's Make Music (1941) - Helen, Chorus Girl (uncredited) Citizen Kane (1941) - Nurse (uncredited) Hurry, Charlie, Hurry (1941) - Josephine Whitley (as Renee Haal) Unexpected Uncle (1941) - Carol West (as Renee Haal) Wedded Blitz (1942) - (as Renee Haal) Framing Father (1942) - Mary Adams (as Renee Haal) Highways by Night (1942) - Ellen Cromwell Up in Arms (1944) - Goldwyn Girl (uncredited) Bedside Manner (1945) - Stella Livingston Terror by Night (1946) - Vivian Vedder Winter Wonderland (1947) - Phyllis Simpson Down Missouri Way (1946) - Gloria Baxter French Leave (1948) - Mimi The Decision of Christopher Blake (1948) - Sheila, Actress in Play (uncredited) Can-Can (1960) - Dowager (uncredited) Inherit the Wind (1960) - Mrs. Stebbins Tender Is the Night (1962) - Nurse (uncredited) Those Calloways (1965) - Sarah Mellott (uncredited) (final film role) Television roles Duffy's Tavern (1 episode, 1954) - Renee Dr. Hudson's Secret Journal (1 episode, 1955) - Nurse The Star and the Story (1 episode, 1956) - Miss Harrington Buffalo Bill, Jr. (2 episodes, 1956) - Linda Abbott Letter to Loretta (1 episode, 1956) - Andree Chartaud Jane Wyman Presents The Fireside Theatre (2 episodes, 1957) - Dorothy / Mrs. Dioso Zane Grey Theater (2 episodes, 1960) - Alicia The Ann Sothern Show (1 episode, 1961) - Martha Newton Frontier Circus (1 episode, 1962) - Stella Hazel (1 episode, 1962) - Miss Lewis The Donna Reed Show (1 episode, 1962) - Gloria Perry Mason (2 episodes, 1960–1962) - Lady Librarian / Miss Winslow General Electric Theater (1 episode, 1962) - Ethel The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (1 episode, 1962) - Hartman's Secretary References External links Renee Godfrey at weblo.com Biography at New York Times online 1919 births 1964 deaths Deaths from cancer in California Actresses from New York (state) Singers from New York (state) American stage actresses American television actresses American film actresses 20th-century American actresses 20th-century American singers 20th-century American women singers Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)

23570673

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America%20Square

America Square

America Square is a street and small square in London, off Crosswall and located near Minories. The square was built in about 1760 and dedicated to the American colonies. America Square was developed as part of Square, Crescent and Circus under plans by George Dance the Younger in 1768–1774. The Crescent was built at the expense of Sir Benjamin Hammet, who is commemorated by the name of another street in the area. He was a partner in the City bank of William Esdaile and was also alderman for the ward of Portsoken. Nathan Meyer Rothschild lived at No. 14 in the 19th century. The square was bombed in 1941, and Rothschild's house was demolished. Today, America Square is occupied by offices, restaurants and a gymnasium. The nearest London Underground stations are Tower Hill (to the south) and Aldgate (to the north), and the nearest Docklands Light Railway station is Tower Gateway, on Minories. Also nearby is Fenchurch Street station, a mainline railway terminus with services towards east London and south Essex. References Streets in the City of London

20464072

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredensborg%20BI

Fredensborg BI

Fredensborg Boldklub og Idrætsforening (), known as Fredensborg BI, is a Danish association football club located in the municipality of Fredensborg, which plays in the Zealand Series. Founded on 6 June 1908, it is one of the oldest clubs in Danish football. It competed in the 2003 and 2009 Danish Cup tournaments. Stadium The stadium is used by Fredensborg BI and Fredensborg Atletik Forening og Pedalatleterne, the Fredensborg Athletes' and Cyclists Society. It holds 2,000 spectators, 100 of which are provided with seats. As of late 2008, the maximum number of spectators at one match has been 1,516 people. Trainers Chief trainer Benny Johansen Assistant trainer Freddi Kairies Records Best national ranking: finished 4th in the 1987 Denmark Series External links FBI-Bold, official website Fredensborg BI at Danish Football Association Football clubs in Denmark Fredensborg Municipality Association football clubs established in 1908 1908 establishments in Denmark

17326196

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20Masters%20Series%20Hamburg%20%E2%80%93%20Doubles

2008 Masters Series Hamburg – Doubles

Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan were the defending champions, but Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonjić defeated them 6–4, 5–7, [10–8], in the final. Seeds All seeds receive a bye into the second round. Draw Finals Top half Bottom half External links Draw Doubles

17326215

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical%20spreadsheet

Logical spreadsheet

A logical spreadsheet is a spreadsheet in which formulas take the form of logical constraints rather than function definitions. In traditional spreadsheet systems, such as Excel, cells are partitioned into "directly specified" cells and "computed" cells and the formulas used to specify the values of computed cells are "functional", i.e. for every combination of values of the directly specified cells, the formulas specify unique values for the computed cells. Logical Spreadsheets relax these restrictions by dispensing with the distinction between directly specified cells and computed cells and generalizing from functional definitions to logical constraints. As an illustration of the difference between traditional spreadsheets and logical spreadsheets, consider a simple numerical spreadsheet with three cells a, b, and c. Each cell accepts a single integer as value; and there is a formula stating that the value of the third cell is the sum of the values of the other two cells. Implemented as a traditional spreadsheet, this spreadsheet would allow the user to enter values into cells a and b, and it would automatically compute cell c. For example, if the user were to type 1 into a and 2 into b, it would compute the value 3 for c. Implemented as a logical spreadsheet, the user would be able to enter values into any of the cells. The user could type 1 into a and 2 into b, and the spreadsheet would compute the value 3 for c. Alternatively, the user could type 2 into b and 3 into c, and the spreadsheet would compute the value 1 for a. And so forth. In this case, the formula is functional, and the function is invertible. In general, the formulas need not be functional and the functions need not be invertible. For example, in this case, we could write formulas involving inequalities and non-invertible functions (such as square root). More generally, we could build spreadsheets with symbolic, rather than numeric data, and write arbitrary logical constraints on this data. References J. Bongard et al.: Reports on the 2006 AAAI Fall Symposia, AI Magazine 28(1), 88-92, 2007. I. Cervesato: NEXCEL, A Deductive Spreadsheet, The Knowledge Engineering Review, Vol. 00:0, 1-24, Cambridge University Press, 2004. G. Fischer, C. Rathke: Knowledge-Based Spreadsheets, in Proceedings of the 7th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, St. Paul Minnesota, 21–26 August 1988, AAAI Press, Menl Park, California, 802-807, 1988. D. Gunning: Deductive Spreadsheets, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Small Business Innovation Research, 2004.3-Topic SB043-040, 2004. M. Kassoff, L. Zen, A. Garg, M. Genesereth: Predicalc: A Logical Spreadsheet Management System, in Proceedings of the 31st INternational Conference on Very Large Databases, Trondheim, NOrway, 30 August - 2 September 2005, ACM, New York, New York, 1247-1250, 2005. M. Kassoff, M. Genesereth: Predicalc, A Logical Spreadsheet Management System, The Knowledge Engineering Review, Vol. 22:3, 281-295, Cambridge University Press, 2007. M. Spenke, C. Beilken: A Spreadsheet Interface for Logic Programming, in K. Bice and C. H. Lewis (eds), Proceedings of ACM CHI 89 Human Factors in Computing Systems, Austin, Texas, 30 April - 4 June 1989, ACM Press, New York, New York, 75-80, 1989. M. van Emden, M. Ohki, A. Takeuchi: Spreadsheets with Incremental Queries as a User Interface for Logic Programming, New Generation Computing 4(3), 287-304, 1986. http://news.stanford.edu/news/2007/april25/logic-042507.html https://dbgroup.ncsu.edu/?p=9 http://logic.stanford.edu/spreadsheet/ Spreadsheet software

20464080

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo%20presidential%20election

2009 Republic of the Congo presidential election

Presidential elections were held in the Republic of the Congo on 12 July 2009. Long-time President Denis Sassou Nguesso won another seven-year term with a large majority of the vote, but the elections were marred by accusations of irregularities and fraud from the opposition; six opposition candidates chose to boycott the elections. Background In April 2009, a forum called Republican Dialogue was held to prepare for the election. A coalition of about 20 opposition parties called the United Front of Opposition Parties (FUPO) decided to boycott the forum. Pascal Tsaty-Mabiala, the Secretary-General of UPADS and spokesman for FUPO, condemned the preparations for the election, saying that "conditions such as transparency, the revision of lists, and respect for the opposition are not created for this election; it will be neither free nor transparent, and we will contest that." Sassou Nguesso signed a decree on 8 May 2009 (which was announced on 11 May) setting the election date as 12 July 2009. The National Elections Organisation Committee (CONEL) oversaw the election; the opposition criticized it for allegedly favoring the government. Candidates Ange Edouard Poungui, who was Prime Minister from 1984 to 1989, was chosen as the candidate of the largest opposition party, the Pan-African Union for Social Democracy (UPADS), while Mathias Dzon, who was Minister of Finance from 1997 to 2002, was chosen as the candidate of the Alliance for the Republic and Democracy (ARD), a coalition of opposition parties. The incumbent President, Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Congolese Party of Labour (PCT), was widely expected to run; he eventually announced his candidacy at a rally in Brazzaville on 6 June 2009. On 23 February 2009, the formation of an alliance between the PCT and the opposition Rally for Democracy and Development (RDD) was announced. The parties agreed to present a single candidate in the 2009 presidential election, and the RDD agreed to join the government if their joint candidate (presumed to be Denis Sassou Nguesso) won the election. Ange Edouard Poungui was chosen as the UPADS candidate by the party's National Council in a primary election on 30 November 2008. His sole rival for the nomination, Joseph Kignoumbi Kia Mboungou (who was the UPADS candidate in the 2002 presidential election), withdrew from the vote, complaining of "lack of transparency in the process", and Poungui, as the only candidate, received about 85% of the vote. A total of 17 candidates submitted applications to run, and the Constitutional Court approved 13 of them on 18 June. Four candidacies were rejected: those of Poungui, Marcel Guitoukoulou, Rigobert Ngouolali, on the grounds that they had failed to establish their continuous residency in Congo-Brazzaville for at least two years, and that of UPADS dissident Christophe Moukoueke, on the grounds that he exceeded the 70-year age limit for candidates. UPADS spokesman Jean-Claude Ivouloungou denounced the exclusion of Poungui's candidacy and claimed that it was politically motivated, arguing that "over the last two years, all the candidates moved around, to visit family abroad, to fine-tune their plans". By rejecting Poungui's candidacy, the Constitutional Court's decision removed a key opposition candidate from the election and left Matthias Dzon as the main opposition candidate. Conduct On 10 July, six candidates—Dzon, Guy Romain Kinfoussia, Clement Mierassa, Bonaventure Mizidy Bavoueza, Jean-Francois Tchibinda Kouangou, and Marion Matzimba Ehouango—called for the election to be delayed, claiming that the electoral lists were deeply flawed and included people who were not eligible to vote, as well as people who did not exist at all. At an opposition rally later on the same day, Dzon, Kinfoussia, Mierassa, and Bavoueza called for the people to boycott the election. Tchibinda Kouangou and Ehouango were not present at the rally, but Kinfoussia said that they also backed the call for a boycott. Dzon declared on the occasion that "for us, the election is not taking place on July 12 ... It will take place on the day the Congolese people are given a real choice." Roger Bouka Owoko, the head of the Congolese Observatory for Human Rights (OCDH), criticized the electoral lists as "grotesque" on 11 July, saying that it was impossible that there could be so many people who were entitled to vote. Congo's population was estimated at about 3.6 million, and 2.2 million people were officially registered to vote; however, Bouka Owoko said that an extrapolation of statistics from other countries would predict only about 1.6 million registered voters in a population of 3.6 million. Sassou Nguesso, who was expected to win the election easily in the absence of any serious competitors, cast his vote early in the day in northern Brazzaville. CONEL President Henri Bouka claimed a "massive vote in the interior" and said that, contrary to the opposition's claims, the electoral lists were "mostly honest". The six boycotting candidates released a statement on election day asserting that over 90% of eligible voters had not participated in the election. According to the statement, "by this strong rate of abstention, the Congolese who love justice and peace have expressed their rejection of this totalitarian, arrogant and corrupt regime." The statement also urged "national and international opinion to acknowledge the illegitimacy of Denis Sassou Nguesso", and it called for the organization of a new election "with the agreement of all political forces in the country". Meanwhile, the news agency Agence France-Presse reported comments from heads of polling stations in which they described turnout as very low, and it quoted an election observer as stating that "there are more observers than voters." Late on election day, Alain Akouala Atipault, the Minister of Communication, dismissed the opposition claims as "incorrect" and said that the presence of 170 international observers disproved the accusations of fraud. He dismissed the opposition's claim that turnout was less than 10% as "ludicrous", asserting that turnout was strong outside of Brazzaville. The African Union and the Economic Community of Central African States, both of which had observer teams present, endorsed the election as "regular, free and transparent" in a joint statement, and they praised the "calm and serene atmosphere" in which the campaign took place. Results Provisional results were initially planned for release on 14 July, but Minister of Territorial Administration Raymond Mboulou announced that they would be delayed to 15 July because full results from some polling stations had not yet been received. Mboulou announced the provisional results on 15 July. These results showed Denis Sassou Nguesso winning the election with 78.61% of the vote, while Joseph Kignoumbi Kia Mboungou (who had unsuccessfully sought the UPADS nomination and then ran as an independent) placed second with 7.46% and Liberal Republican Party candidate Nicephore Fylla de Saint-Eudes placed third with 6.98%. Having called on his supporters to boycott, Dzon received 2.30% of the vote. Mboulou said that voter turnout was 66.42%. Sassou Nguesso gave a victory speech at his campaign headquarters, declaring that "in peace, freedom and transparency, in the presence of international observers, you have with the 12 July vote renewed your confidence in me". He also said that the country was "not celebrating the victory of one faction over another, of one Congo over another Congo", but rather "the victory of democracy in peace and harmony". Aftermath Kignoumbi Kia Mboungou accepted the results; although he said there might have been shortcomings, he also noted the peaceful atmosphere that was maintained during the election. With regard to turnout, he said that the boycott might have affected it, as well as voter apathy. Kinfoussia, however, described the official turnout rate as "totally false". Ehouango also rejected the results and said that the opposition could potentially take the matter to the Constitutional Court, although he said that the Court was controlled by Sassou Nguesso. The OCDH claimed that turnout was no higher than 20%, and OCDH head Bouka Owoko argued that the low turnout called Sassou Nguesso's legitimacy into question. At a news conference on 17 July, Dzon and four other candidates alleged that the official results were a fraudulent invention; on the same day, Herve Ambroise Malonga, acting as a lawyer for Dzon, filed an appeal at the Constitutional Court seeking the cancellation of the election on the grounds of alleged electoral fraud. Kignoumbi Kia Mboungou met with Sassou Nguesso on 17 July; afterwards he said that they discussed how to move forward, improve government, and satisfy the wishes of the people, and he said that the people had expressed confidence in Sassou Nguesso through the election. Two minor independent candidates, Bertin Pandi Ngouari and Anguios Nganguia Engambé, recognized Sassou Nguesso's victory and congratulated him. In a statement on 18 July, the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) said that several international journalists had been mistreated by the police during an opposition protest on 15 July. Speaking for the government, Akouala Atipault denied this, saying that the international press was welcome; he observed that the journalists were present "at the heart of a demonstration where some material damage was caused. One might think that some unidentified individuals were behind these acts." He was also critical of the French-language media's coverage of the election, saying that it "seemed disappointed by the fact that this election took place in calm and serenity." Reports published in the independent Congolese press after the election alleged that young men were observed in Brazzaville prior to election day with multiple voter cards, claiming that they intended to cast several votes each. The Constitutional Court confirmed the results on 25 July, ruling that Sassou Nguesso had won the election with 78.61% of the vote (1,055,117 votes). Akouala Atipault said that Sassou Nguesso would be sworn in for his new term on 14 August 2009. Sassou Nguesso was sworn in at a ceremony in Brazzaville on 14 August; various African leaders were present for the occasion. He said that his re-election meant continued "peace, stability and security", and he called for an end to "thinking like ... freeloaders" in reference to international aid received by the country. Sassou Nguesso also made an important announcement at his inauguration, saying that he would set in motion an amnesty bill to pardon Pascal Lissouba, who was President of Congo-Brazzaville from 1992 until being ousted by Sassou Nguesso in 1997; after Lissouba was ousted, he went into exile and was convicted of crimes in absentia. Sassou Nguesso said that he wanted the amnesty bill to be presented to Parliament by the end of 2009. References Congo Presidential election Presidential elections in the Republic of the Congo

17326228

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20structural%20engineering

History of structural engineering

The history of structural engineering dates back to at least 2700 BC when the step pyramid for Pharaoh Djoser was built by Imhotep, the first architect in history known by name. Pyramids were the most common major structures built by ancient civilizations because it is a structural form which is inherently stable and can be almost infinitely scaled (as opposed to most other structural forms, which cannot be linearly increased in size in proportion to increased loads). Another notable engineering feat from antiquity still in use today is the qanat water management system. Qanat technology developed in the time of the Medes, the predecessors of the Persian Empire (modern-day Iran which has the oldest and longest Qanat (older than 3000 years and longer than 71 km) that also spread to other cultures having had contact with the Persian. Throughout ancient and medieval history most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans, such as stone masons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder. No theory of structures existed and understanding of how structures stood up was extremely limited, and based almost entirely on empirical evidence of 'what had worked before'. Knowledge was retained by guilds and seldom supplanted by advances. Structures were repetitive, and increases in scale were incremental. No record exists of the first calculations of the strength of structural members or the behaviour of structural material, but the profession of structural engineer only really took shape with the Industrial Revolution and the re-invention of concrete (see History of concrete). The physical sciences underlying structural engineering began to be understood in the Renaissance and have been developing ever since. Early structural engineering The recorded history of structural engineering starts with the ancient Egyptians. In the 27th century BC, Imhotep was the first structural engineer known by name and constructed the first known step pyramid in Egypt. In the 26th century BC, the Great Pyramid of Giza was constructed in Egypt. It remained the largest man-made structure for millennia and was considered an unsurpassed feat in architecture until the 19th century AD. The understanding of the physical laws that underpin structural engineering in the Western world dates back to the 3rd century BC, when Archimedes published his work On the Equilibrium of Planes in two volumes, in which he sets out the Law of the Lever, stating: Archimedes used the principles derived to calculate the areas and centers of gravity of various geometric figures including triangles, paraboloids, and hemispheres. Archimedes's work on this and his work on calculus and geometry, together with Euclidean geometry, underpin much of the mathematics and understanding of structures in modern structural engineering. The ancient Romans made great bounds in structural engineering, pioneering large structures in masonry and concrete, many of which are still standing today. They include aqueducts, thermae, columns, lighthouses, defensive walls and harbours. Their methods are recorded by Vitruvius in his De Architectura written in 25 BC, a manual of civil and structural engineering with extensive sections on materials and machines used in construction. One reason for their success is their accurate surveying techniques based on the dioptra, groma and chorobates. During the High Middle Ages (11th to 14th centuries) builders were able to balance the side thrust of vaults with that of flying buttresses and side vaults, to build tall spacious structures, some of which were built entirely of stone (with iron pins only securing the ends of stones) and have lasted for centuries. In the 15th and 16th centuries and despite lacking beam theory and calculus, Leonardo da Vinci produced many engineering designs based on scientific observations and rigour, including a design for a bridge to span the Golden Horn. Though dismissed at the time, the design has since been judged to be both feasible and structurally valid The foundations of modern structural engineering were laid in the 17th century by Galileo Galilei, Robert Hooke and Isaac Newton with the publication of three great scientific works. In 1638 Galileo published Dialogues Relating to Two New Sciences, outlining the sciences of the strength of materials and the motion of objects (essentially defining gravity as a force giving rise to a constant acceleration). It was the first establishment of a scientific approach to structural engineering, including the first attempts to develop a theory for beams. This is also regarded as the beginning of structural analysis, the mathematical representation and design of building structures. This was followed in 1676 by Robert Hooke's first statement of Hooke's Law, providing a scientific understanding of elasticity of materials and their behaviour under load. Eleven years later, in 1687, Sir Isaac Newton published Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, setting out his Laws of Motion, providing for the first time an understanding of the fundamental laws governing structures. Also in the 17th century, Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz both independently developed the Fundamental theorem of calculus, providing one of the most important mathematical tools in engineering. Further advances in the mathematics needed to allow structural engineers to apply the understanding of structures gained through the work of Galileo, Hooke and Newton during the 17th century came in the 18th century when Leonhard Euler pioneered much of the mathematics and many of the methods which allow structural engineers to model and analyse structures. Specifically, he developed the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation with Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782) circa 1750 - the fundamental theory underlying most structural engineering design. Daniel Bernoulli, with Johann (Jean) Bernoulli (1667–1748), is also credited with formulating the theory of virtual work, providing a tool using equilibrium of forces and compatibility of geometry to solve structural problems. In 1717 Jean Bernoulli wrote to Pierre Varignon explaining the principle of virtual work, while in 1726 Daniel Bernoulli wrote of the "composition of forces". In 1757 Leonhard Euler went on to derive the Euler buckling formula, greatly advancing the ability of engineers to design compression elements. Modern developments in structural engineering Throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, materials science and structural analysis underwent development at a tremendous pace. Though elasticity was understood in theory well before the 19th century, it was not until 1821 that Claude-Louis Navier formulated the general theory of elasticity in a mathematically usable form. In his leçons of 1826 he explored a great range of different structural theory, and was the first to highlight that the role of a structural engineer is not to understand the final, failed state of a structure, but to prevent that failure in the first place. In 1826 he also established the elastic modulus as a property of materials independent of the second moment of area, allowing engineers for the first time to both understand structural behaviour and structural materials. Towards the end of the 19th century, in 1873, Carlo Alberto Castigliano presented his dissertation "Intorno ai sistemi elastici", which contains his theorem for computing displacement as partial derivative of the strain energy. In 1824, Portland cement was patented by the engineer Joseph Aspdin as "a superior cement resembling Portland Stone", British Patent no. 5022. Although different forms of cement already existed (Pozzolanic cement was used by the Romans as early as 100 B.C. and even earlier by the ancient Greek and Chinese civilizations) and were in common usage in Europe from the 1750s, the discovery made by Aspdin used commonly available, cheap materials, making concrete construction an economical possibility. Developments in concrete continued with the construction in 1848 of a rowing boat built of ferrocement - the forerunner of modern reinforced concrete - by Joseph-Louis Lambot. He patented his system of mesh reinforcement and concrete in 1855, one year after W.B. Wilkinson also patented a similar system. This was followed in 1867 when a reinforced concrete planting tub was patented by Joseph Monier in Paris, using steel mesh reinforcement similar to that used by Lambot and Wilkinson. Monier took the idea forward, filing several patents for tubs, slabs and beams, leading eventually to the Monier system of reinforced structures, the first use of steel reinforcement bars located in areas of tension in the structure. Steel construction was first made possible in the 1850s when Henry Bessemer developed the Bessemer process to produce steel. He gained patents for the process in 1855 and 1856 and successfully completed the conversion of cast iron into cast steel in 1858. Eventually mild steel would replace both wrought iron and cast iron as the preferred metal for construction. During the late 19th century, great advancements were made in the use of cast iron, gradually replacing wrought iron as a material of choice. Ditherington Flax Mill in Shrewsbury, designed by Charles Bage, was the first building in the world with an interior iron frame. It was built in 1797. In 1792 William Strutt had attempted to build a fireproof mill at Belper in Derby (Belper West Mill), using cast iron columns and timber beams within the depths of brick arches that formed the floors. The exposed beam soffits were protected against fire by plaster. This mill at Belper was the world's first attempt to construct fireproof buildings, and is the first example of fire engineering. This was later improved upon with the construction of Belper North Mill, a collaboration between Strutt and Bage, which by using a full cast iron frame represented the world's first "fire proofed" building. The Forth Bridge was built by Benjamin Baker, Sir John Fowler and William Arrol in 1889, using steel, after the original design for the bridge by Thomas Bouch was rejected following the collapse of his Tay Rail Bridge. The Forth Bridge was one of the first major uses of steel, and a landmark in bridge design. Also in 1889, the wrought-iron Eiffel Tower was built by Gustave Eiffel and Maurice Koechlin, demonstrating the potential of construction using iron, despite the fact that steel construction was already being used elsewhere. During the late 19th century, Russian structural engineer Vladimir Shukhov developed analysis methods for tensile structures, thin-shell structures, lattice shell structures and new structural geometries such as hyperboloid structures. Pipeline transport was pioneered by Vladimir Shukhov and the Branobel company in the late 19th century. Again taking reinforced concrete design forwards, from 1892 onwards François Hennebique's firm used his patented reinforced concrete system to build thousands of structures throughout Europe. Thaddeus Hyatt in the US and Wayss & Freitag in Germany also patented systems. The firm AG für Monierbauten constructed 200 reinforced concrete bridges in Germany between 1890 and 1897 The great pioneering uses of reinforced concrete however came during the first third of the 20th century, with Robert Maillart and others furthering of the understanding of its behaviour. Maillart noticed that many concrete bridge structures were significantly cracked, and as a result left the cracked areas out of his next bridge design - correctly believing that if the concrete was cracked, it was not contributing to the strength. This resulted in the revolutionary Salginatobel Bridge design. Wilhelm Ritter formulated the truss theory for the shear design of reinforced concrete beams in 1899, and Emil Mörsch improved this in 1902. He went on to demonstrate that treating concrete in compression as a linear-elastic material was a conservative approximation of its behaviour. Concrete design and analysis has been progressing ever since, with the development of analysis methods such as yield line theory, based on plastic analysis of concrete (as opposed to linear-elastic), and many different variations on the model for stress distributions in concrete in compression Prestressed concrete, pioneered by Eugène Freyssinet with a patent in 1928, gave a novel approach in overcoming the weakness of concrete structures in tension. Freyssinet constructed an experimental prestressed arch in 1908 and later used the technology in a limited form in the Plougastel Bridge in France in 1930. He went on to build six prestressed concrete bridges across the Marne River, firmly establishing the technology. Structural engineering theory was again advanced in 1930 when Professor Hardy Cross developed his Moment distribution method, allowing the real stresses of many complex structures to be approximated quickly and accurately. In the mid 20th century John Fleetwood Baker went on to develop the plasticity theory of structures, providing a powerful tool for the safe design of steel structures. The possibility of creating structures with complex geometries, beyond analysis by hand calculation methods, first arose in 1941 when Alexander Hrennikoff submitted his D.Sc thesis at MIT on the topic of discretization of plane elasticity problems using a lattice framework. This was the forerunner to the development of finite element analysis. In 1942, Richard Courant developed a mathematical basis for finite element analysis. This led in 1956 to the publication by J. Turner, R. W. Clough, H. C. Martin, and L. J. Topp's of a paper on the "Stiffness and Deflection of Complex Structures". This paper introduced the name "finite-element method" and is widely recognised as the first comprehensive treatment of the method as it is known today. High-rise construction, though possible from the late 19th century onwards, was greatly advanced during the second half of the 20th century. Fazlur Khan designed structural systems that remain fundamental to many modern high rise constructions and which he employed in his structural designs for the John Hancock Center in 1969 and Sears Tower in 1973. Khan's central innovation in skyscraper design and construction was the idea of the "tube" and "bundled tube" structural systems for tall buildings. He defined the framed tube structure as "a three dimensional space structure composed of three, four, or possibly more frames, braced frames, or shear walls, joined at or near their edges to form a vertical tube-like structural system capable of resisting lateral forces in any direction by cantilevering from the foundation." Closely spaced interconnected exterior columns form the tube. Horizontal loads, for example wind, are supported by the structure as a whole. About half the exterior surface is available for windows. Framed tubes allow fewer interior columns, and so create more usable floor space. Where larger openings like garage doors are required, the tube frame must be interrupted, with transfer girders used to maintain structural integrity. The first building to apply the tube-frame construction was in the DeWitt-Chestnut Apartment Building which Khan designed in Chicago. This laid the foundations for the tube structures used in most later skyscraper constructions, including the construction of the World Trade Center. Another innovation that Fazlur Khan developed was the concept of X-bracing, which reduced the lateral load on the building by transferring the load into the exterior columns. This allowed for a reduced need for interior columns thus creating more floor space, and can be seen in the John Hancock Center. The first sky lobby was also designed by Khan for the John Hancock Center in 1969. Later buildings with sky lobbies include the World Trade Center, Petronas Twin Towers and Taipei 101. In 1987 Jörg Schlaich and Kurt Schafer published the culmination of almost ten years of work on the strut and tie method for concrete analysis - a tool to design structures with discontinuities such as corners and joints, providing another powerful tool for the analysis of complex concrete geometries. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries the development of powerful computers has allowed finite element analysis to become a significant tool for structural analysis and design. The development of finite element programs has led to the ability to accurately predict the stresses in complex structures, and allowed great advances in structural engineering design and architecture. In the 1960s and 70s computational analysis was used in a significant way for the first time on the design of the Sydney Opera House roof. Many modern structures could not be understood and designed without the use of computational analysis. Developments in the understanding of materials and structural behaviour in the latter part of the 20th century have been significant, with detailed understanding being developed of topics such as fracture mechanics, earthquake engineering, composite materials, temperature effects on materials, dynamics and vibration control, fatigue, creep and others. The depth and breadth of knowledge now available in structural engineering, and the increasing range of different structures and the increasing complexity of those structures has led to increasing specialisation of structural engineers. See also Base isolation History of sanitation and water supply Qanat water management system References External links "World Expos. A history of structures". Isaac López César. A history of architectural structures over the last 150 years. 3rd-millennium BC introductions Structural engineering

17326234

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyot

Lyot

Lyot may refer to: Bernard Lyot, French astronomer Lyot filter Lyot stop Lyot depolarizer Lyot (lunar crater) Lyot (Martian crater) 2452 Lyot, asteroid Bernard Lyot Telescope

17326268

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army%20and%20Navy%20YMCA

Army and Navy YMCA

The Army and Navy YMCA is a historic YMCA building at 50 Washington Square in Newport, Rhode Island. It is a five-story concrete, masonry, and brick building, designed by Louis E. Jallade and erected in 1911 by the Norcross Brothers. It occupies a small, irregularly-shaped city block at the upper end of Washington Square, Newport's historic civic center. The building was constructed in a Beaux Arts style, with limestone finish predominating on the main facades, with some terra cotta paneling. Mrs. Thomas Emery, a philanthropist from Cincinnati, Ohio, funded its construction to provide services for Navy members when Newport was a major center of the United States Navy. YMCA closed after the Navy significantly reduced its presence in Newport in 1973. The building now serves as low income (section 8) housing. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. Although it is within the boundaries of the Newport Historic District, a National Historic Landmark, it does not contribute to its significance, which has a cutoff date of 1820. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island References External links Quahog.com information on History Clubhouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island Buildings and structures completed in 1911 Buildings and structures in Newport, Rhode Island YMCA buildings in the United States Historic American Buildings Survey in Rhode Island National Register of Historic Places in Newport, Rhode Island

23570677

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haywards%20Heath%20Town%20%28electoral%20division%29

Haywards Heath Town (electoral division)

Haywards Heath Town is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom, and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council. Extent The division covers the central part of the town of Haywards Heath. It comprises the following Mid Sussex District wards: Haywards Heath Ashenground Ward and Haywards Heath Heath Ward; and of the central part of the civil parish of Haywards Heath. Election results 2013 Election Results of the election held on 2 May 2013: 2009 Election Results of the election held on 4 June 2009: 2005 Election Results of the election held on 5 May 2005: External links West Sussex County Council Election Maps Electoral Divisions of West Sussex Haywards Heath

17326275

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohse

Lohse

Lohse is a German-language surname. Notable people with the name include: Adolf Lohse (1807–1867), Prussian master builder and architect Anna Lohse (1866–1942), Danish teacher and women's rights activist Bobby Lohse (born 1958), Swedish sailor Brian Lohse (born 1968), American politician Bruno Lohse (1911–2007), German art dealer and looter during World War II Detlef Lohse (born 1963), German physicist Ernst Lohse (1944–1994), Danish architect and designer Gustav Lohse (1911–1999), German film editor Hinrich Lohse (1896–1964), Nazi German politician and convicted war criminal Kyle Lohse (born 1978), American baseball pitcher Martin Lohse (born 1971), Danish composer and visual artist Martin J. Lohse (born 1956), German physician and pharmacologist Oswald Lohse (1845–1915), German astronomer Otto Lohse (1859–1925), German conductor and composer René Lohse (born 1973), German ice dancer Richard Paul Lohse (1902–1988), Swiss painter and graphic artist Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler (1899–1940), German avant-garde painter German-language surnames Surnames from given names

17326286

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory%20of%20everything%20%28disambiguation%29

Theory of everything (disambiguation)

A theory of everything is a hypothetical physical theory that would explain all known physical phenomena. Theory of everything may also refer to: Philosophy Theory of everything (philosophy), a hypothetical all-encompassing philosophical explanation of nature or reality A Theory of Everything, a book by Ken Wilber dealing with his "integral theory" Film and television "The Theory of Everything" (CSI), an episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation The Theory of Everything (2006 film), a TV film The Theory of Everything (2014 film), a biographical film about Stephen and Jane Hawking Music Theory of Everything (album), 2010 album by Children Collide The Theory of Everything (Ayreon album), 2013 The Theory of Everything (Life On Planet 9 album), 2014 Theory of Everything, a series of tracks by electronic composer DJ-Nate, of which two are used as the background music of levels in the video game Geometry Dash See also Theory of Everything (podcast), a radio show and then podcast by Benjamen Walker Toe (disambiguation)

17326290

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSDAP/AO%20%281972%29

NSDAP/AO (1972)

The NSDAP/AO is an American neo-Nazi organization. It was founded in 1972 by United States citizen Gary Rex Lauck (born in 1953) in Fairbury, Nebraska. The organization's name stands for "NSDAP Aufbau- und Auslandsorganisation" ("NSDAP Development and Foreign Organization"). Lauck's organization claims to be a continuation of the original NSDAP – the German initials for the full name of the Nazi Party – and supplies neo-Nazis worldwide with propaganda material. Since 1973 this new NSDAP/AO publishes neo-Nazi magazines – "NS-Kampfruf", for example – by his own account in ten languages. As one of its political aims it demands the readmission of the NSDAP as an eligible party in Germany and Austria. The group has also been active in a number of countries across Europe, both co-ordinating with local movements and distributing propaganda individually. References External links NSDAP/AO 'Farmbelt Fuehrer' loses web case, BBC News, January 25, 2002. When Laws Conflict, Intelligence Report, Issue Number 103, Fall 2001 Elliot Welles: A Survivor Faces A New 'Fuhrer', Anti-Defamation League, Press Release, May 22, 1996 Nancy Finken: Nebraska's Nazi, Nebraska Public Radio, March 24, 1995 (quoted after Statewide, Nebraska's weekly news journal) Nazi Lauck NSDAP/AO Neo-Nazi organizations in the United States Organizations established in 1972 Organizations based in Lincoln, Nebraska

17326302

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buster%20Adams

Buster Adams

Elvin Clark "Buster" Adams (June 24, 1915 – September 1, 1990) was a major league outfielder for the St. Louis Cardinals and Philadelphia Phillies in and between and . Early life Adams was born in 1915 in Trinidad, Colorado. He graduated from Bisbee High School in Bisbee, Arizona, in 1935. He spent a year playing in the Western Association before moving to the Pacific Coast League (PCL) for the 1936 season. Early professional career In 1936, Adams began playing for the Sacramento Solons of the PCL; he played in the PCL off-and-on for the next 16 seasons. When Adams broke his leg during the 1936 season, he had been leading the PCL in stolen bases, but he missed much of the season with that injury. Adams was in spring training with the St. Louis Cardinals in March 1939 when his jaw was fractured after he was struck with a thrown ball. He still made his major league debut on April 27, 1939 for the Cardinals, but appeared in only two games that season. He was cut in early May. In May 1941, Alan Ward of the Oakland Tribune wrote that Adams had been playing with a stomach illness for a couple of seasons. He was hitting .423 for the Sacramento Solons at the time. Adams finished the season with a .285 batting average in 1941 and then hit .309 the next season. Later career Adams returned to the majors with the Cardinals in 1943, playing in eight games before being traded to the Phillies. He played the rest of that season, all of 1944, and the first 14 games of 1945 with the Phillies. Though Adams had been able to play through his stomach ailment, the illness rendered him ineligible to serve in the military in 1944. In May 1945, Adams was traded back to the Cardinals for John Antonelli and Glenn Crawford. Adams played mostly in center field; a slot had opened up in the outfield because Stan Musial was serving in the military. Adams put together his best season with the Cardinals in 1945 and finished 18th in voting for the MVP Award. He finished the season with 109 runs batted in; his 101 RBI with the Cardinals was a record for a Cardinals center fielder until 1987. Adams also played in 1946 with the Cardinals and 1947 with the Phillies. He returned to the PCL after that and played until 1951. In 576 major league games over six seasons, Adams posted a .266 batting average (532-for-2003) with 282 runs, 96 doubles, 12 triples, 50 home runs, 249 RBI and 234 bases on balls. He recorded a .979 fielding percentage playing at all three outfield positions. Later life Adams died of congestive heart failure in Rancho Mirage, California, in 1990. References External links 1915 births 1990 deaths Baseball players from Colorado Columbus Red Birds players Major League Baseball outfielders People from Trinidad, Colorado Philadelphia Phillies players Rochester Red Wings players Sacramento Solons players St. Louis Cardinals players San Diego Padres (minor league) players San Francisco Seals (baseball) players Springfield Cardinals players

23570683

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoita%20strobilina

Hoita strobilina

Hoita strobilina is a rare species of legume known by the common name Loma Prieta leatherroot, or Loma Prieta hoita. It is endemic to California, where it is known from occasional occurrences in the San Francisco Bay Area. It grows in chaparral and woodland habitat in the local mountains, often on serpentine soil. This is a perennial herb growing erect, approaching a meter in maximum height. The large leaves are divided into three leaflets each up to 8 centimeters long and lance-shaped to nearly round. The herbage is generally glandular and hairy. The inflorescence is a raceme up to 13 centimeters long containing many pealike flowers. Each flower is purple, sometimes with white parts, and one to two centimeters long. The fruit is a dark brown or black, hairy, veiny legume pod. References External links Jepson Manual Treatment USDA Plants Profile Local Plant Profile Photo gallery Psoraleeae Flora of California

23570692

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westland%20F.7/30

Westland F.7/30

The Westland F.7/30 (or Westland PV.4) was a British fighter prototype. A single prototype was built in 1934, but the type was not put in production because its performance fell far below the RAF's requirements. The Gloster Gladiator won the F.7/30 competition. Development The Westland F.7/30 was designed in response to Air Ministry Specification F.7/30, which was formally issued in October 1931 and subsequently amended many times. It called for a day and night fighter with an armament of four .303-in (7.7-mm) machine guns, a top speed of at least 195 mph (314 km/hr), a high rate of climb, and a low landing speed. Although the specification did not request the use of the Rolls-Royce Goshawk evaporatively-cooled engine, the Air Ministry informally expressed a strong preference for its use and all of the design proposals selected by them for building as prototypes used it. The specification stressed the importance of a good "fighting view" from the cockpit and suggested a low-wing monoplane design as one possible solution to this problem. Another idea suggested was a pusher configuration The designer of the Westland F.7/30, Arthur Davenport, initially opted for a monoplane with the engine buried in the fuselage over the wing centre section, driving a tractor propeller through a long extension shaft. This put the pilot in front of and slightly above the engine, so that he also had an excellent forward view. Concerns about a possibly high landing speed resulted in the conversion of the design to a biplane with a gull wing configuration for the upper wing. In this form the F.7/30 was completed in 1934. It was an elegant, if unconventional biplane. The gulled upper wing and the straight lower wing were connected by N struts and braced by wires. The landing gear was fixed, with main wheels covered by spats. From his high position the pilot had an excellent view forwards, upwards and to the sides, as the cockpit was ahead of the wing leading edge. Initially the cockpit was open, but in two stages this was converted into a fully enclosed cockpit. The machine guns were installed in the cockpit's side walls, two on each side. The initial tail configuration was unusual, the rudder hinge line being vertical when the aircraft was on the ground rather than when in flight. It was hoped that this would improve its effectiveness on the ground, but after testing the aircraft received a larger tailfin of more conventional design. The engine was a Rolls-Royce Goshawk III or IIS, cooled by a radiator that was installed ventrally, aft of the legs of the fixed undercarriage. The position of the engine put the exhausts between the wings, behind and below the cockpit. The performance of the Westland F.7/30, first flown from RAF Andover, fell far short of the F.7/30 specifications: A figure is often given of 185 mph (298 km/hr) at 15,000 feet (4,572 meters) but flight test data of July 1935 revealed that the top speed was a disappointing 146 mph (235 km/hr) at 10,000 feet (3,050 m), nearly 100 mph (160 km/h) slower than the Gloster Gladiator that emerged as the winner of the F.7/30 competition. It also needed 18.8 minutes to reach 20,000 feet (6,100 m), and in view of these disappointing performance figures the type was abandoned. Specifications See also References 1930s British fighter aircraft F.7 30 Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United Kingdom Single-engined tractor aircraft Biplanes Gull-wing aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1934

23570708

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Want%20to%20Walk%20You%20Home

I Want to Walk You Home

"I Want to Walk You Home" is a July 1959 R&B/pop single by Fats Domino. The single would be the last of Domino's releases to hit number one on the R&B chart. "I Want to Walk You Home" stayed at the top spot for a single week and also peaked at number eight on the Billboard Hot 100. Cover versions In 2007, the song was covered by Paul McCartney who sung it, and Allen Toussaint playing the piano, as their contribution to Goin' Home: A Tribute to Fats Domino (Vanguard). References 1959 singles Fats Domino songs 1959 songs Songs written by Fats Domino Imperial Records singles

23570725

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhola%20Monastery

Gandhola Monastery

Gandhola Monastery (Gaṅdolā, also called Gondla, Gondhla, Kundlah, or Guru Ghantal Gompa) is about before Keylong in Lahaul and Spiti district, Himachal Pradesh, India on the road from Manali, Himachal Pradesh. It is located on a hill above Tupchiling Village at the sacred junction of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers, which together form the Chandrabhaga or Chenab River. The village is at 3,160 m (10,370 ft) and is famous for its 7-storey tower fort. History The monastery is said to have been founded by Padmasambhava in the 8th century. It is now connected with the Drukpa Lineage of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism, but its history long precedes the formation of that sect. According to local tradition and also the terma, the Padma bka'i thang, discovered in 1326 in the Yarlung Valley by Urgyan Lingpa, the site was associated with Padmasambhava. But the site was a Buddhist establishment even earlier than that: A chased copper goblet dated to the first century BCE was found here in 1857 by a Major Hay and is considered to be evidence of Buddhist monks' cells being located in a cave monastery at that time. The frieze on the vase denotes a chariot procession and is considered one of the oldest examples of metalwork to be decorated in this way in India. Known as the Kulu Vase, it is now kept in the British Museum. A damaged marble head of Avalokiteśvara also found here, is kept in the Guru Ghantal Monastery itself, and is claimed to date back to the time of Nagarjuna in the second century. This seems to be the only monastery in the region other than Sani Monastery in Zanskar which has a history which is claimed to go back to the era of the Kushan Empire. There is also a black stone image of the goddess Vajreśvarī Devī (), and a wooden statue of the Buddha said to have been installed by the monk Rinchen Zangpo (958-1055), a famous lotsawa (translator of Sanskrit Buddhist texts). The monastery was originally probably a larger complex of purely Indian style of which nothing now remains. The present structure is two-storied, 17.3 x 11.6 metres facing the northwest. The Assembly Hall or is on the ground floor. In 1959 the monastery underwent extensive repairs and a small pagoda roof of Kangra slates was added in a rather haphazard manner, which is surrounded by the mud roof which covers the monks' cells and kitchen on the second floor. The monastery has distinctive wooden (as opposed to clay) idols of Padmasambhava, Brijeshwari Devi and several other lamas. Gandhola, like all the Drukpa monasteries in Ladakh and Lahaul and Spiti, owes allegiance to the 12th Gyalwang Drukpa, abbot of Hemis Monastery in Ladakh, who, in turn, owes allegiance to the head of the order in Bhutan. Gandhola is also famous for its seven story fort with alternating layers of stone and timber, which was once the seat of the local ṭhākur or chieftain, but is no longer occupied. It is a walk from the village of Tupchilling, in which the monastery is set. it was built by Raja Man Singh, the ruler of the Kulu Kingdom in the early 1700s as a castle for the local ṭhākur. Gallery Footnotes References Handa, O. C. (1987). Buddhist Monasteries in Himachal Pradesh. Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi. . Kapadia, Harish. (1999). Spiti: Adventures in the Trans-Himalaya. Second Edition. Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi. . Janet Rizvi. (1996). Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia. Second Edition. Oxford University Press, Delhi. . Cunningham, Alexander. (1854). LADĀK: Physical, Statistical, and Historical with Notices of the Surrounding Countries. London. Reprint: Sagar Publications (1977). Francke, A. H. (1977). A History of Ladakh. (Originally published as, A History of Western Tibet, (1907). 1977 Edition with critical introduction and annotations by S. S. Gergan & F. M. Hassnain. Sterling Publishers, New Delhi. Francke, A. H. (1914, 1926). Antiquities of Indian Tibet. Two Volumes. Calcutta. 1972 reprint: S. Chand, New Delhi. Rose, H. A., et al. (1911). Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province. Reprint 1990. Asian Educational Services. . Sarina Singh, et al. India. (2007). 12th Edition. Lonely Planet. . Buddhist monasteries in Himachal Pradesh 996 establishments Drukpa Kagyu monasteries and temples Buddhism in Lahaul and Spiti district 10th-century establishments in India Buildings and structures in Lahaul and Spiti district

17326311

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%20Redhawks

Washington Redhawks

The Washington Redhawks was a culture jam created by a group of Native Americans to draw attention to the Washington Redskins name controversy. In 2020, the team retired the Redskins branding amidst the removal of many names and images as part of the George Floyd protests. The football team was later renamed the Washington Commanders in 2022. Action On December 13, 2017, a Native American group, Rising Hearts, created several authentic-appearing websites and a Twitter campaign, that seemed to announce that the Washington Redskins had agreed to change its name to the Washington Redhawks for the 2018 season. The sites included one for the team, and for several news outlets: The Washington Post, ESPN, Sports Illustrated and the Bleacher Report. After an initial period, a disclaimer was posted on each spoofed page with a link to a press release explaining the group's action. The organizers describe their tactic as culture jamming, and state that their intention is to stimulate debate that will eventually lead to an actual name change. Rather than presenting the continued hostility of the debate, their action provided an opportunity for change advocates to write about the positive responses and outcomes that would follow the change. Rising Hearts Coalition included Rebecca Nagle (Cherokee Nation), Sebastian Medina-Tayac (Piscataway), Valarie Marie Proctor (Cedarville Band of Piscataway), Jair Carrasco, (Aymara), Lindsay Rodriguez (Cheyenne Arapaho), Jordan Marie Daniel (Kul Wicasa Oyate) and Nick Courtney (Makah). Response The Washington Redskins posted a message on their own web site stating: "This morning, the Redskins organization was made aware of fraudulent websites about our team name. The name of the team is the Washington Redskins and will remain that for the future." At a news conference the following day the organizers of Rising Hearts stated that their effort was satire or parody, and were surprised that the Redskins issued a statement denying any plans to change, as if it were serious, or "fake news". Reaction to the "culture jam" was varied among Native Americans depending upon whether the action was taken seriously or recognized for what it was. Some who took it seriously were elated, then felt betrayed when they found out it was not true. However, the action was supported by some long-time activists on the issue including Suzan Shown Harjo and Jacqueline Keeler, who agreed that it served to stimulate new attention. In an interview, the organizers took exception to the framing of their action as a "hoax", which has negative connotations of intending to mislead, which was not their intent. Washington Post sports columnist Thomas Boswell wrote based upon his experience when his alma mater, Amherst College, changed its mascot in 2016 from "Lord Jeff" to the "Mammoths". Although he was as attached to his team's mascot as any fan, he understood the reason for the change, and got over it quickly. The reason was letters that were discovered revealing that Lord Jeffery Amherst had advocated the use of smallpox-infected blankets as a weapon against Native Americans not to defeat, but to exterminate them. "Nicknames such as the Lord Jeffs and the Redskins are two illustrations of the same issue. In the beginning, no one means any harm. But once you know better, and don’t change, that's when the harm starts." Boswell later explained that while dropping the team nickname, which was never official, was no big deal; changing the name of the town and college also named for the same person would be difficult. In Forbes, Demetrius Bell compliments the creators, stating "The best part of any hoax is ultimately how believable the hoax could be and from top to bottom, this is one of the more believable hoaxes that you'll see. If the team did indeed make the incredibly shocking decision to change their nickname and logo, then it wouldn't be a huge shock to see them go the conservative route with a change as relatively simple as this." In July 2020, the team retired the Redskins branding amidst the removal of many names and images as part of the George Floyd protests. On February 2, 2022, the team was renamed the Washington Commanders. Parody websites References 21st-century controversies Anti-indigenous racism in the United States Cultural appropriation National Football League controversies Native American topics Native American-related controversies Sports mascots in the United States Name controversy

23570740

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20colonial%20governors%20of%20Sierra%20Leone

List of colonial governors of Sierra Leone

This is a list of colonial administrators in Sierra Leone from the establishment of the Province of Freedom Colony by the Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor which lasted between 1787 and 1789 and the list of colonial administrators of the Colony of Sierra Leone and the settlement of Freetown established by the Sierra Leone Company in March 1792 until Sierra Leone's independence in 1961. Administrator (1787) of the Granville Town Settlement On 14 May 1787, the Province of Freedom was founded by the Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor for freed slaves. B. Thompson (14 May – September 1787) Governor (1787–1789) of the Granville Town Settlement On 22 August 1788, the Province of Freedom and land along the Freetown peninsula was granted to Captain John Taylor of . In 1789, it was abandoned. John Taylor (August 1788 – 1789) Agent (1791–1792) of the new Granville Town Settlement In January 1791, the Granville Town was restored by the St. George Bay Company. Alexander Falconbridge (January 1791 – March 1792) Superintendent (1792) of the Colony of Sierra Leone and settlement of Freetown In 1792, Freetown was founded as the main town of the newly established Colony of Sierra Leone John Clarkson (March – July 1792) Governors (1792–1827) of the Colony of Sierra Leone John Clarkson (July – 31 December 1792) William Dawes (31 December 1792 – March 1794) (1st time) Zachary Macaulay (March 1794 – 6 May 1795) (1st time) William Dawes (6 May 1795 – March 1796) (2nd time) Zachary Macaulay (March 1796 – April 1799) (2nd time) John Gray (April – May 1799) (1st time) On 5 July 1799, the Province of Freedom was renamed Sierra Leone. Thomas Ludlam (May 1799 – 1800) (1st time) John Gray (1800 – January 1801) (2nd time) William Dawes (January 1801 – February 1803) (3rd time) William Day (February 1803 – 1803) (1st time) Thomas Ludlam (1803–1805) (2nd time) William Day (1805 – 4 November 1805) (2nd time) On 1 January 1808, Sierra Leone (including coastal area) becomes Crown colony of the United Kingdom, and Sierra Leone Company rule was ended. Thomas Ludlam (1806 – 21 July 1808) (3rd time, acting to 1 January 1808) Thomas Perronet Thompson (21 July 1808 – 12 February 1810) Edward H. Columbine (12 February 1810 – May 1811) Robert Bones (May – 1 July 1811) (acting) Charles William Maxwell (1 July 1811 – July 1815) Charles MacCarthy (July – December 1814) (1st time, acting for Maxwell) J. Mailing (December 1814 – January 1815) (acting for Maxwell) R. Purdie (January – March 1815) (acting for Maxwell) William Appleton (March – June 1815) (acting for Maxwell) Captain Henry Barry Hyde (June – July 1815) (acting for Maxwell) Charles MacCarthy (from 1820, Sir Charles Macarthy) (July 1815 – July 1820) (2nd time, acting to 1 January 1816) Sir Alexander Grant (28 July 1820 – 1 February 1821) (1st time, acting) E. Burke (1 February 1821 – 4 February 1821) (acting) On 17 October 1821, Sierra Leone territory becomes part of British West African Territories. Its Governorship was held simultaneously by Governor (from 1827 until 1837 Lieutenant governor) of Sierra Leone. Sir Alexander Grant (4 February 1821 – 28 November 1821) (2nd time, acting) Sir Charles MacCarthy (November 1821 – 21 January 1824) (3rd time) Daniel Molloy Hamilton (21 January – 5 February 1824) (acting) Major-General Sir Charles Turner (5 February 1824 – 7 March 1826) Kenneth Macaulay (colonialist) and Samuel Smart (1st time) (8 March – August 1826) (acting) Sir Neil Campbell (August 1826 – December 1827) Lieutenant governors (1827–1837) of the Colony of Sierra Leone Hugh Lumley (December 1827 – 1828) (1st time) Dixon Denham (1828 – 8 May 1828) Hugh Lumley (9 June – July 1828) (2nd time) Samuel Smart (July – November 1828) (2nd time, acting) Major Henry John Ricketts (November 1828 – 1829) (acting) Augustine Fitzgerald Evans (1829–1830) (acting) Alexander Maclean Fraser (1830) (acting) Alexander Findlay (1830 – July 1833) Michael Linning Melville (July – December 1833) (acting) Octavius Temple (December 1833 – 1834) Thomas Cole (1834 – February 1835) (1st time, acting) Henry Dundas Campbell (February 1835 – 1837) Thomas Cole (1837) (2nd time, acting) Governors (1837–1961) of the Colony of Sierra Leone Richard Doherty (1837–1840) John Jeremie (1840 – April 1841) John Carr (April – September 1841) (acting) William Fergusson (September 1841 – January 1842) (1st time, acting) George Macdonald (January 1842 – July 1844) William Fergusson (July 1844 – 1845) (2nd time) On 13 January 1850, the British West African Territories was dissolved and Sierra Leone again becomes a separate crown colony. Norman William MacDonald (1845–1852) Sir Arthur Edward Kennedy (13 September 1852 – 1854) (1st time) Robert Dougan (1854) (1st time, acting) Sir Stephen John Hill (1854–1855) (1st time) Robert Dougan (1855) (2nd time) Sir Stephen John Hill (1855–1859) (2nd time) Alexander Fitzjames (1859–1860) Sir Stephen John Hill (1860–1861) (3rd time) William Hill and T. H. Smith (1861–1862) (acting) Samuel Wensley Blackall (1862–1865) (1st time) William John Chamberlayne (1865 – 19 February 1866) (acting) On 19 February 1866, Sierra Leone territory becomes part of the British West African Settlements. Its Governorship was held simultaneously by Governor of Sierra Leone. Samuel Wensley Blackall (19 February 1866 – 1867) (2nd time) Gustavus Nigel Kingscote Anker Yonge (1867) (acting) Samuel Wensley Blackall (1867–1868) (3rd time) John Jennings Kendall (1868–1869) (1st time, acting) Sir Arthur Edward Kennedy (1869–1871) (2nd time) John Jennings Kendall (1871) (2nd time, acting) Ponsonby Sheppard (1871) (acting) Sir Arthur Edward Kennedy (1871 – January 1872) (3rd time) John Jennings Kendall (January – February 1872) (3rd time, acting) John Pope Hennessy (February 1872 – 7 March 1873) Robert William Keate (7–17 March 1873) Alexander Bravo and Robert William Harley (17 March – 2 October 1873) (acting) Sir Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley (2 October 1873 – 4 March 1874) George Berkeley (4 March – 17 December 1874) On 17 December 1874, British West African Settlements was renamed British West Africa Settlements. George French (17 December 1874 – 1875) (acting) Cornelius Hendricksen Kortright (1875) (1st time) Sir Samuel Rowe (1875–1876) (1st time) Cornelius Hendricksen Kortright (1876–1877) (2nd time) Horatio James Huggins (1877) (acting) Sir Samuel Rowe (September 1877 – 1880) (2nd time) William Streeten (1880–1881) (acting) Sir Samuel Rowe (1881) (3rd time) Francis Frederick Pinkett (1881) (1st time, acting) Arthur Elibank Havelock (1881–1883) (1st time) Francis Frederick Pinkett (1883) (2nd time, acting) Arthur Elibank Havelock (1883–1884) (2nd time) Arthur M. Tarleton (1884) (acting) Francis Frederick Pinkett (1884–1885) (3rd time, acting) Sir Samuel Rowe (1885–1886) (4th time) Sir James Shaw Hay (1886–1887) (1st time, acting) Sir Samuel Rowe (1887–1888) (5th time) John Meredith Maltby (1888) (1st time, acting) On 28 November 1888, the British West Africa Settlements was dissolved and Sierra Leone again becomes a separate crown colony. Sir James Shaw Hay (1888–1889) (2nd time, acting to 24 November 1888) William Gordon Patchett and Sydney Francis Foster (1889) (acting) John Meredith Maltby (1889–1890) (2nd time) Sir James Shaw Hay (1890–1891) (3rd time) John Joseph Crooks (1891–1892) (acting) William Hollingworth Quayle Jones (1892) (1st time, acting) Francis Fleming (1892–1893) (1st time) William Hollingworth Quayle Jones (1893) (2nd time, acting) Francis Fleming (1893–1894) (2nd time) William Hollingworth Quayle Jones (1894) (3rd time, acting) Frederic Cardew (1894–1895) (1st time) J. E. Caulfield (1895 – 24 August 1895) (1st time, acting) On 24 August 1895, hinterland of Sierra Leone becomes British protectorate, and crown colony was renamed Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate. Frederic Cardew (from 22 June 1897, Sir Frederic Cardew) (24 August 1895 – 1897) (2nd time) James Cassamaijor Gore (1897) (acting) J. E. Caulfield (1897) (2nd time, acting) Sir Frederic Cardew (1897–1899) (3rd time) Matthew Nathan (1899) (acting) Sir Frederic Cardew (1899–1900) (4th time) Caulfield (1900 – 11 December 1900) (3rd time, acting) Sir Charles King-Harman (11 December 1900 – 3 October 1904) Lieutenant-Colonel Frederick Thomas Henstock (1902) (acting while King-Harman was in the UK) Colonel John Willoughby Astley Marshall (18 September 1902 – 4 October 1902) (acting while King-Harman was in the UK) Colonel Francis John Graves (4 October 1902 – ) (acting while King-Harman was in the UK) Sir Leslie Probyn (3 October 1904 – 1910) Sir Edward Marsh Merewether (1910–1913) (1st time) Claud Hollis (1913) (acting) Sir Edward Marsh Merewether (1913–1916) (2nd time) Sir Richard James Wilkinson (9 March 1916 – 1921) (1st time) John C. Maxwell (1921) (acting) Sir Richard James Wilkinson (1921 – 4 May 1922) (2nd time) Alexander Ransford Slater (from 1924, Sir Alexander Ransford Slater) (4 May 1922 – 24 September 1927) Sir Joseph Aloysius Byrne (24 September 1927 – 1929) (1st time) Mark Aitchison Young (1929–1930) (acting) Sir Joseph Aloysius Byrne (1930 – 23 May 1931) (2nd time) Sir Arnold Wienholt Hodson (23 May 1931 – 17 July 1934) Sir Henry Monck-Mason Moore (17 July 1934 – 21 May 1937) Sir Douglas James Jardine (21 May 1937 – 5 July 1941) Sir Hubert Craddock Stevenson (5 July 1941 – September 1947) Sir George Beresford-Stooke (September 1947 – December 1952) Sir Robert de Zouche Hall (December 1952 – 1 September 1956) Maurice Henry Dorman (from 2 January 1957, Sir Maurice Henry Dorman) (1 September 1956 – 27 April 1961) In 1961, Sierra Leone achieved independence from the United Kingdom. After independence, the viceroy in Sierra Leone was the Governor-General of Sierra Leone. See also History of Sierra Leone President of Sierra Leone List of heads of state of Sierra Leone List of heads of government of Sierra Leone References Worldstatesmen.org: Sierra Leone Guinness Book of Kings, Rulers & Statesmen, Clive Carpenter, Guinness Superlatives Ltd African States and Rulers, John Stewart, McFarland Sierra Leone British West Africa History of Sierra Leone Political office-holders in Sierra Leone

20464091

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Discovery%20%281874%29

HMS Discovery (1874)

HMS Discovery was a wood-hulled screw expedition ship, and later storeship, formerly the sealing ship Bloodhound built in 1873 in Dundee. She was purchased in 1874 for the British Arctic Expedition of 1875–1876 and later served as a store ship. Discovery was sold in 1902, reverting to the name Bloodhound and her previous sealing trade. The ship was wrecked in Newfoundland in 1917. Design and Construction The steam barque Bloodhound was built as Yard No.53 in their Panmure shipyard at Dundee by Alexander Stephen & Sons for Newfoundland sealing operations. She was launched on 2 August 1872 and completed in March 1873. She measured and , and was in length, beam and depth. The ship was rigged as a 3-masted barque and her Greenock Foundry Company auxiliary compound steam engine generated 312 indicated horsepower and drove a single screw propeller. Newfoundland sealing Bloodhound was launched for Bain & Johnston of Greenock, whose previous Bloodhound had recently been lost near Labrador in the ice in April 1872. She was registered on 12 March 1873 at St John's, Newfoundland in the ownership of Walter B. Grieve of that port. Royal Navy British Arctic Expedition In 1874, the Admiralty were seeking a suitable exploration vessel for the 1875 British Arctic Expedition, and considered Bloodhound ideally suited. She was purchased on 5 December 1874 and converted for exploration, commissioning as HMS Discovery on 13 April 1875. Captain George Strong Nares was placed in command of the 1875 British Arctic Expedition, which aimed to reach the North Pole via Smith Sound, the sea passage between Greenland and Canada's northernmost island, Ellesmere Island. Contemporary geographers proposed that there could be an Open Polar Sea, and that if the thick layer of ice surrounding it were overcome, access to the North Pole by sea might be possible. Ever since Edward Augustus Inglefield had penetrated Smith Sound in 1852, it had been a likely route to the North. Nares commanded the converted sloop HMS Alert, and with him went Discovery, commanded by Captain Henry Frederick Stephenson. HMS Valorous carried extra stores and accompanied the expedition as far as Godhavn. Despite finding heavier-than-expected ice, the expedition pressed on. Leaving Discovery to winter at Lady Franklin Bay, Alert carried on a further through the Robeson Channel, establishing her winter quarters at Floeberg Beach. Spring 1876 saw considerable activity by sledge charting the coasts of Ellesmere Island and Greenland, but scurvy had begun to take hold, with Alert suffering the greatest burden. On 3 April, the second-in-command of Alert, Albert Hastings Markham, took a party north to attempt the Pole. By 11 May, having made slow progress, they reached their greatest latitude at 83° 20' 26"N. Suffering from snow blindness, scurvy and exhaustion, they turned back. The expedition returned to the UK in Autumn 1876 and was well rewarded; Nares was knighted, Markham was promoted to captain. The geography of northern Canada and Greenland is littered with the names of those connected with the expedition; Cape Discovery () on the northern edge of Ellesmere Island is named for the ship. Storeship at Portsmouth The Discovery saw no further seagoing service after her return from the Arctic. She was employed as a storeship in Portsmouth Harbour from 1880, probably up until the time of her final disposal. Disposal Discovery was sold to D Murray in February 1902. Legacy [[File:RRS Discovery.jpg|thumb|right|Discovery'''s namesake, RRS Discovery open to the public in Dundee.]] The 1901 research vessel, built for the British National Antarctic Expedition (1901–1904), incorporated many of the features of Discovery, as well as taking her name. RRS Discovery was commanded by Robert Falcon Scott and took part in the Discovery Investigations from 1924 to 1931. She is now on permanent display at Dundee. Subsequent Royal Research Ships, launched in 1929 and 1962, have also borne the name, as has Space Shuttle Discovery. Bibliography Narrative of a voyage to the Polar Sea during 1875–76 in H.M. ships ‘Alert’ and ‘Discovery’'', by Captain George Strong Nares, in two volumes, London 1878; online book Volume 1 & Volume 2 References External links 1872 ships Arctic exploration vessels Ships built in Dundee Survey vessels of the Royal Navy Victorian-era auxiliary ships of the United Kingdom

17326318

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Simons

David Simons

David Simons may refer to: David G. Simons (1922–2010), American physician and U.S. Air Force officer who set a record of high-altitude balloon flight J. David Simons (born 1953), Scottish novelist and short story writer David Simons, developer of Simons' BASIC Dave Simons (1954–2009), American comic book artist D. Brenton Simons, president and CEO of the New England Historic Genealogical Society See also David Simon (disambiguation) David Simmons (disambiguation)

23570742

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Johnson%3A%20Third%20Cowboy%20on%20the%20Right

Ben Johnson: Third Cowboy on the Right

Ben Johnson: Third Cowboy on the Right is a 1996 documentary film about the life of actor Ben Johnson. The film was directed by Tom Thurman and written by Thurman and Tom Marksbury. External links Ben Johnson: Third Cowboy on the Right at the Internet Movie Database 1996 films American documentary films Documentary films about actors 1996 documentary films 1990s English-language films 1990s American films

17326321

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC%20Wide%20Bay

ABC Wide Bay

ABC Wide Bay is an ABC Local Radio station based in Bundaberg broadcasting to the Wide Bay–Burnett region of Queensland. This includes the towns of Maryborough, Gympie, Hervey Bay and Mundubbera. History The station began broadcasting as 4QB in 1948 originally as a relay of the national program. The station was originally based in Maryborough, the traditional capital of the Wide-Bay region. The station negotiated with the School of Arts in 1950 to rent out a small office on the first floor of the school's building for broadcast, and thus it was opened 20 November, 1950. Programs originally consisted of music and local information. The station's local services increased over the years, and in 1952 the first proper newsroom was established with Don Harvey at the helm. In October of that year a new Rural Officer position was established and that person was responsible for putting to air a special rural program every day. In 1954 and 1962 new renovations to the transmitters meant that the station could reach many more communities outside the Maryborough region. In 1990 the station moved from its Maryborough studios to a new studio at 58 Woongarra Street in Bundaberg, to better broadcast to the region. The ABC still administered a Maryborough bureau, on 146 Bazaar Street, which staffed a rural reporter to cover news from that region. The ABC closed its Maryborough bureau in the late 1990s to early 2000s. In April 2022, the ABC opened a new Hervey Bay bureau to improve its coverage of the Fraser Coast. Staffed by two journalists, the new Hervey Bay bureau on Boat Harbour Drive was established as part of the ABC's regional expansion. To mark the bureau's opening, ABC Wide Bay held an outside broadcast at Scarness Jetty, which was attended by Gardening Australia personality Costa Georgiadis. Transmitters The station broadcasts through the following main AM and FM transmitters along with low power FM repeaters: Local Programs ABC Wide Bay broadcasts four local programs throughout the week. Wide Bay Rural Report 6:15 - 6:30 - presented by Megan Hughes Breakfast 6:35 - 8:00 - presented by David Dowsett Mornings 10:00 - 11:00 - presented by Ross Kay Saturday Breakfast 6:00 - 8:00 - presented by Ross Kay At all other times the station is a relay of ABC Brisbane, which itself at times broadcasts networked programming from across Australia. Staff As of 2021, there are a total of ten full-time staff and several casuals at ABC Wide Bay. References See also List of radio stations in Australia Wide Bay Radio stations in Queensland

17326366

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Kennedy

Mark Kennedy

Mark Kennedy may refer to: Mark Kennedy (judge) (born 1952), American jurist Mark Kennedy (Australian footballer) (born 1972), Australian rules footballer Mark Kennedy (boxer) (born 1967), Jamaica boxer Mark Kennedy (footballer, born 1976), Irish football player Mark Kennedy (musician) (born 1951), Australian musician Mark Kennedy (police officer) (born 1969), British undercover police officer Mark Kennedy (politician) (born 1957), American politician and university president See also Marc Kennedy (born 1982), Canadian curler

20464094

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mick%20Gosling

Mick Gosling

Mick Gosling (born 24 March 1972) is famous for being the winner of Britain's Strongest Man contest in 2005. He is the brother of fellow strongman and former holder of the title "Britain's Strongest Man", Richard Gosling. Stafford Superior Strongman In 2007 Mick Gosling approached Stafford Borough Council in order to try to promote a strongman competition in the area and to raise its profile amongst the young. The result was the Stafford Superior Strongman 2007 held at Rowley Park, Stafford. The event was well received and well attended by some of the foremost British strongmen of the time. There were 18 competitors, some men having competed at past World's Strongest Man competitions such as Mark Felix (who won the event), Mark Westaby and Laurence Shahlaei. The quality of the event was further enhanced by being overseen by the former British, European and World's Strongest Man, Geoff Capes. References External links UK Strongman to Tackle Stafford Half Marathon 1972 births Living people English strength athletes People from Cannock

17326391

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artillery%20Park

Artillery Park

The Artillery Park (also known as the Churchyard Cemetery) is an historic cemetery at North Road and Narragansett Avenue in Jamestown, Rhode Island. It is located at a high point on the southern part of Conanicut Island. It was originally laid out in 1656 as a burying ground and militia training ground, but appears to have been used as a burying ground only since the 1740s. When British forces occupied the island in 1776, there was a brief skirmish there, and the British afterward used the area as a military staging ground. The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island References and external links Town of Jamestown: Artillery info Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island 1656 establishments in Rhode Island Jamestown, Rhode Island National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island

20464103

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Liechtenstein%20general%20election

2009 Liechtenstein general election

General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 8 February 2009. While polls and pundits predicted few changes, the Christian democratic Patriotic Union (VU) gained an outright majority in the Landtag, whilst the national conservative Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP) and the green social democratic Free List (FL) both suffered losses. Results By electoral district References Liechtenstein Elections in Liechtenstein 2009 in Liechtenstein February 2009 events in Europe

23570743

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS%20Express%20%281940%29

SS Express (1940)

SS Express was a Type C3-E cargo ship of American Export Lines that was sunk by in June 1942 in the Indian Ocean. The ship, built in 1940 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding in Quincy, Massachusetts, was one of eight sister ships built for the United States Maritime Commission on behalf of American Export Lines. Out of a total of 55 men aboard the ship at the time of her torpedoing, 13 were killed; most of the other 42 landed on the coast of Mozambique six days after the sinking. Career SS Express was a cargo ship laid down (yard no. 1477) by Bethlehem Shipbuilding of Quincy, Massachusetts, for the United States Maritime Commission on behalf of American Export Lines. The ship, one of eight sister ships built for American Export by Bethlehem Shipbuilding, was launched (ship) on 9 March 1940, and delivered to American Export on 18 April. The ship, registered at , was in length, abeam, and drew, . She had three decks, and could accommodate a crew of 10 officers and 35 men. To move her at her reported top speed of , Express was equipped with two steam turbines, both also built by Bethlehem Shipbuilding. At some point near when the United States entered World War II in December 1941, the ship was armed with one deck gun and four machine guns, and carried a complement of ten Naval Armed Guardsmen to man them. On 18 June 1942, Express sailed from Bombay, India, for Cape Town, South Africa, with a cargo of manganese ore, jute, leather, and other goods. At 00:30 on 30 June, while navigating almost due south on a zig-zag course near position , a star shell fired by illuminated the sky at almost the same time that two torpedoes from the same submarine hit their mark on Express. The first torpedo struck the cargo ship at waterline on the starboard side near the no. 7 hatch. The second torpedo, which hit five seconds after the first, hit at the no. 5 hatch. The explosions blew off the hatch covers, knocked out the guns, and destroyed the radio, preventing a distress call. The ship began sinking by the stern almost immediately, and the officers, crew, and Naval Armed Guard detachment took to the lifeboats. Because Express was still underway even while sinking, two of the three boats launched were swamped; the thirteen men aboard the no. 1 boat, one of the pair swamped, all drowned. The no. 2 boat, with 41 men aboard, made landfall on the coast of Mozambique six days after the sinking. Another crewman—who had originally been on a life raft, but moved to a water-filled lifeboat—was rescued by a Dutch tanker and landed at Cape Town. Notes References Type C3-E ships Ships built in Quincy, Massachusetts 1940 ships World War II merchant ships of the United States Ships sunk by Japanese submarines World War II shipwrecks in the Indian Ocean Maritime incidents in June 1942

23570755

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosswall

Crosswall

Crosswall is a street in the City of London. At its western end, the street begins at a junction with Crutched Friars and Cooper's Row. At its eastern end, the street is a turn off Minories. It is home to America Square, the City of London Medical Centre, and a number of bar-restaurants and offices. Crosswall was named as it crossed the old Roman wall, which was discovered after the bombing of 1940. Previously the street had been named John Street, after King John. The nearest mainline railway station is Fenchurch Street, and the nearest London Underground station is Tower Hill. References Streets in the City of London

23570779

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s%20Government

People's Government

People's Government might refer to: Central People's Government (since 1949), the central government of the People's Republic of China New People's Government (1929–1931), a Korean anarchist organization in Manchuria Fujian People's Government (1933–1934), anti-Kuomintang government in the Fujian Province of the Republic of China People's Government of Lithuania (1940), Soviet-backed government to legitimize the Soviet occupation of Lithuania Azerbaijan People's Government (1945–1946), Soviet-backed client state in northern Iran People's Revolutionary Government (1979–1983), government of Grenada after a revolution by New Jewel Movement The People's Government (2019–2022), a name for the Second Johnson ministry used by Prime Minister Boris Johnson's Conservative government of the United Kingdom after the 2019 UK general election.

23570781

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitebrook%20Halt%20railway%20station

Whitebrook Halt railway station

Whitebrook Halt was a request stop on the former Wye Valley Railway. It was opened in 1927 to serve the village of Whitebrook. It was closed in 1959 when passenger services were withdrawn from the Wye Valley Railway. The station came too late to make full use out of the village's industry. Whitebrook had once been home to three paper mills. However, paper making ceased in Whitebrook in the early 1880s, only four years after the line opened in 1876. The halt was not built until long after the closure of the paper mills. References Disused railway stations in Monmouthshire Transport in Monmouthshire History of Monmouthshire Former Great Western Railway stations Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1927 Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1959

23570784

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henfield%20%28electoral%20division%29

Henfield (electoral division)

Henfield is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council. The current County Councillor, Lionel Barnard, is also Deputy Leader of West Sussex County Council. Extent The division covers the town of Henfield; and the villages of Cowfold, Dial Post, Partridge Green, Shermanbury and West Grinstead. It comprises the following Horsham District wards: Cowfold, Shermanbury & West Grinstead Ward and Henfield Ward; and of the following civil parishes: Cowfold, the northern part of Henfield, Shermanbury and West Grinstead. Election results 2013 Election Results of the election held on 2 May 2013: 2009 Election Results of the election held on 4 June 2009: 2005 Election Results of the election held on 5 May 2005: References Election Results - West Sussex County Council External links West Sussex County Council Election Maps Electoral Divisions of West Sussex

20464136

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April%202009%20Moldovan%20parliamentary%20election

April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Moldova on 5 April 2009. The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) won a majority of seats (60 out of 101) for the third consecutive occasion. Turnout was 59%, exceeding the 50% necessary for the election to be valid. Following the elections, Parliament was required to elect a new President of Moldova as the incumbent Vladimir Voronin had to stand down after completing two terms. Presidential elections required the winning candidate to receive at least 61 votes, but the opposition parties refused to vote for the three PCRM-nominated candidates in three rounds of voting between May and June 2009, meaning no president was elected. As a result, early parliamentary elections were held in July. Background The European Union called on Moldova to reform its electoral law, which implemented an electoral threshold of 6%, giving smaller parties little chance of entering Parliament. However, President Voronin rejected these calls. Results Final results were announced on 8 April 2009; the ruling PCRM failed to gain the 61 seats required to elect the president, leaving the opposition parties with the possibility of forcing a new election. A ballot recount performed on 21 April confirmed the results. Reactions The International Election Observation Mission, represented by delegations from the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), and the European Parliament evaluated the elections as positive on the whole, with some reservations not affecting the outcome or the overall initial assessment. The opinion polls before the elections had showed a comfortable win for the Communist Party, with the only uncertainty being the size of the winning margin. The OSCE observer mission has issued a preliminary report declaring the elections generally free and fair and describing Moldova as an "overall pluralistic environment, offering voters a distinct political alternative and meeting many of the O.S.C.E. and Council of Europe commitments." Petros Efthymiou, head of the delegation of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly and Special Co-ordinator of the OSCE short-term observers, said that he was delighted at the progress of democracy in Moldova. "These elections were very good and they gave me great confidence in the future of this country," Efthyimou said. However, one member of the 280-strong observation team, Emma Nicholson, Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne, whose observation post was near the border of the separatist republic of Transnitria, voiced concern over this evaluation, claiming that she had a "very, very strong feeling" that there have been some manipulation, but she "couldn't find any proof" of it. She claimed that the Russians from the organization influenced this report. She also declared that at the counting of the votes that at 1:00 the PCRM had 35% of the votes and the 15–16 parties from the opposition 40–45% altogether while shortly later, at 8:00 the situation changed radically and the PCRM had 50%. There have also been claims of voter fraud, with deceased and nonattendant persons reportedly voting. Following the recount, it was decided by the Constitutional Court that the presidential election would have to take place by 7 July 2009. Otherwise parliament would be dissolved and early elections held. The opposition parties stated that they would boycott parliament, citing electoral fraud as the reason, and tried to force new elections. The presidential election was later set for 20 May 2009. Aftermath Following the announcement of preliminary election results on 6 April 2009, which showed the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) victorious, winning approximately 50% of the votes, the opposition rejected the results, accusing the authorities of falsification in the course of counting the votes and demanded new elections. Opposition and NGO activists have organized protest demonstrations in the center of Chişinău on April 6th and 7th. The demonstration spun out of control and escalated into a riot on April 7th, with protesters attacking the parliament building and the presidential palace, throwing stones at the buildings, with the riot police attempting to protect the buildings. In the afternoon of 7 April the rioters broke into the parliament building, looted it and set it on fire. Police forces had regained control of the city center by 8 April, arresting several hundred protesters. Following the arrests, numerous cases of excessive force usage, including beatings and torture by the police, were reported by the detainees. Peaceful demonstrations on the central square continued for the remainder of the week. The government and opposition parties have accused each other of sending provocateurs to incite the crowds. Recount On 10 April 2009, Voronin called on the Constitutional Court to authorise a recount of the votes, as demanded by the protesters. On 12 April the court ruled in favor of conducting a recount, which was scheduled to take place on 15 April. On 14 April, Serafim Urechean announced that the three main opposition parties would boycott the recount, citing fears that the government would use it to increase its majority to the 61 seats required to elect the next president. The results of the recount were published on 21 April. No serious errors were determined and the original election result was confirmed. Election of a new president One of the first tasks of the newly elected parliament is to elect a new president. Incumbent president Vladimir Voronin was ineligible for another term, as he had already served two terms, the maximum number allowed under the constitution. His successor needed to be elected before 8 June 2009 with a three-fifths majority (61 of 101 votes). If no candidate achieved a majority vote before that date, a new parliamentary election would be held. The three opposition parties announced that they would all vote against the PCRM's nominee for president, for which 61 votes out of 101 were required; if Parliament failed to elect a candidate three times, this would result in new parliamentary elections being required. The Communist Party nominated former Prime Minister Zinaida Greceanîi as their presidential candidate. The previous parliament failed to elect a new president triggering early parliamentary elections which were held on 29 July 2009. The Parliament had to elect, with a majority of three-fifths the President of Moldova. The ruling Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) nominated Zinaida Greceanîi, and a puppet-candidate, a Doctor from Chişinău. As the PCRM held only 60 of 101 seats in parliament, but 61 votes were required to elect the president, at least one vote from the opposition was required. The opposition (formed by the three liberal-oriented parties the Liberal Party, the Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova, and the Our Moldova Alliance) boycotted the first round of the election held on 20 May 2009, thus forcing repeated parliamentary elections,. The second round was set for 28 May 2009, but it was postponed to 3 June 2009; the PCRM claimed that it was due to Ascension Thursday falling that day. On 3 June 2009, the second round (repeated election) was held, the results being the same: 60 votes for Zinaida Greceanîi, forcing incumbent Vladimir Voronin to dissolve the Parliament. Early elections were set for 29 July 2009 after Voronin dissolved parliament on 15 June 2009. Elected deputies The list of deputies elected in the 5 April 2009 parliamentary elections: Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova Liberal Party Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova Our Moldova Alliance Gallery References External links April 2009 parliamentary elections eDemocracy 2009 elections in Moldova 2009 in Moldova Moldova 2009 04 April 2009 events in Europe

17326407

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ning%20Chunhong

Ning Chunhong

Ning Chunhong (; born January 21, 1968) is a Chinese chess player holding the title of Woman Grandmaster (WGM). She was in the Top 50 Women rating list from October 2001 to 2002. In 1992 she won the women's section of the World University Chess Championship in Antwerp, Belgium. She was awarded the title of FIDE Arbiter in 2008. Ning plays for Tianjin chess club in the China Chess League (CCL). See also Chess in China References External links 1968 births Living people Chinese female chess players Chess woman grandmasters Chess arbiters Place of birth missing (living people)

17326413

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Adams%20%28baseball%29

Jim Adams (baseball)

James J. Adams (born 1868) was an American major league baseball catcher. He played professionally for the St. Louis Browns. Career Adams was born in 1868 in East St. Louis, Illinois. He played in one game for the St. Louis Browns on April 21, 1890. He hit one single in four at-bats during the game. In addition to his brief appearance for the Browns, he played on various minor league teams from 1889–1892 and again in 1899–1900. He was briefly the player/manager of the Aspen, Colorado team in the Colorado State League in 1889. References External links Baseball Almanac 1868 births Baseball players from Illinois Major League Baseball catchers St. Louis Browns (AA) players 19th-century baseball players Year of death unknown Sportspeople from East St. Louis, Illinois Pueblo Ponies players Aspen (minor league baseball) players Fort Worth Panthers players Carthage (minor league baseball) players Ottumwa Coal Palaces players Macon Central City players New Orleans Pelicans (baseball) players Memphis Giants players Springfield Ponies players Lawrence (minor league baseball) players Fitchburg (minor league baseball) players Hampton Crabs players Minor league baseball managers

23570790

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondo%20libro%20di%20toccate%20%28Frescobaldi%29

Secondo libro di toccate (Frescobaldi)

Il secondo libro di toccate ("The Second Book of Toccatas") is a collection of keyboard music by Girolamo Frescobaldi, first published in 1627. A work of immense historical importance, it includes the first known chaconne and passacaglia, as well as the earliest set of variations on an original theme (i.e. not a popular song, as in all earlier music). Il secondo libro di toccate is widely regarded as a high point in Frescobaldi's oeuvre. History Like Frescobaldi's first book of toccatas (1615), Il secondo libro di toccate contains compositions in various forms: 11 toccatas 6 canzonas 4 hymns 3 Magnificats 5 gagliarde (galliards) 6 correntes 4 partitas Accordingly, the full title of the collection is Il secondo libro di toccate, canzone, versi d'hinni, Magnificat, gagliarde, correnti et altre partite d'intavolatura di cembalo et organo. It was first published in Rome in 1627, when Frescobaldi worked as organist of St. Peter's Basilica. The print was engraved by Nicolò Borbone, musician and instrument builder with whom Frescobaldi had worked since at least 1613. The composer dedicated the book to Monsignor Luigi Gallo, Bishop of Ancona and nuncio of Savoy, a skilled keyboard player who may have been one of his pupils. A second printing appeared in 1637, identical to the first, except without the ostinato variations. Il secondo libro di toccate introduces two important deviations from Frescobaldi's usual practice. First and foremost, it contains several liturgical pieces, the composer's first forays into the field of sacred keyboard music (although he did compose sacred vocal music: two collections of motets, one of which is lost, were published in late 1620s, and standalone motets survive in manuscripts; Frescobaldi would later publish a large volume of liturgical organ pieces, Fiori musicali, one of his most highly regarded and influential works). Secondly, the book contains Frescobaldi's only known intabulation (of Jacques Arcadelt's madrigal Ancidetemi, pur), perhaps included as a homage to one of the oldest forms of keyboard music. Notes References Alexander Silbiger. "Girolamo Frescobaldi", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy, grovemusic.com (subscription access). External links Compositions by Girolamo Frescobaldi Compositions for keyboard Fresccobaldi 1627 in music

17326416

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsan%20Powys

Betsan Powys

Betsan Powys (born 1965), is a Welsh journalist and former Editor of Programmes for BBC Radio Cymru. Biography Powys was born in Cardiff. A native Welsh speaker after being educated at Ysgol Gyfun Llanhari, Powys joined BBC Wales as a News Trainee in 1989, before joining the newsroom in Cardiff as a bilingual, bi-media reporter. Moving to Current Affairs in 1994 she reported undercover, where one investigation required her to pose as one half of a swinging couple in the "Garden of Eden", a West Wales brothel. Powys then presented the Welsh language news programme Newyddion, was chief reporter on the European current affairs series , and joined Huw Edwards to front United Kingdom national election specials. Powys was lent for a period to BBC One's flagship current affairs programme Panorama, during which time she returned to Wales to give birth to her daughter. Her first report for Panorama was an investigation into the way Jehovah's Witnesses deal with allegations of child abuse, while her first worldwide exclusive occurred when she persuaded the commanding officer of 30 Royal Welch Fusiliers held hostage in Goražde, Bosnia, to allow her to interview colleagues and friends, agreeing to his condition that the programme would be broadcast only "in the Gaelic tongue." After working for a period at ITV Wales, she returned to BBC Wales as Culture and Media Correspondent, and as a result of presenting Week In Week Out she won the BT Welsh Journalist of the Year. Powys also presented the Welsh-language version of Mastermind on S4C. From 11 September 2006, Powys replaced the retiring David Williams, and took editorial charge of all BBC Wales' daily political output ahead of the Welsh Assembly elections in 2007. She resigned from this role in June 2013. Powys is a frequent contributor to Radio Cymru's popular and is regarded as a stalwart of the programme, adding much to its 'flagship' status as the BBC's most prestigious Bangor-produced daily news broadcasts. She was appointed Editor of Programmes (in effect, director) of BBC Radio Cymru in May 2013, taking up her post from July 2013. In June 2018, Powys announced that she would leave the role, with effect from Autumn 2018. Since leaving the BBC, Powys has returned to broadcasting for both television and radio. In December 2019 she joined Dewi Llwyd and Vaughan Roderick as co-presenter for S4C and BBC Radio Cymru's coverage of the 2019 General Election (Etholiad 2019). During the Election campaign Powys also fronted The Leaders Lounge for BBC Radio Wales. In July 2020, she replaced Llwyd as presenter of (, a Welsh-language equivalent to Question Time). Personal life Powys lives with Dylan Hammond, a former artist. She lists her hobbies as choral singing, harp music and competing in choral recitation competitions at local and chapel . She is a member of the Gorsedd of the Bards and has adopted the bardic name Betsi Treganna. References External links Betsan's blog – BBC Wales' political editor. I'll be blogging the inside track on Welsh politics. Betsan Powys Welsh Assembly Election blog 1964 births Living people Welsh-speaking journalists BBC Cymru Wales newsreaders and journalists BBC Radio Wales presenters Welsh bloggers Welsh women bloggers Welsh women journalists Welsh radio presenters Welsh women radio presenters People educated at Ysgol Gyfun Llanhari People educated at Ysgol Tryfan

23570796

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steen%20Pade

Steen Pade

Steen Pade (born 1956) is a Danish composer. He studied composition with Ib Nørholm, Per Nørgård, and Karl Aage Rasmussen. From 1992 to 2007 he was director (principal) of the Royal Danish Academy of Music. External links Biography of Pade at naxos.com Article on Pade in Den Store Danske (in Danish) Living people 1956 births Danish classical composers Danish male classical composers 20th-century classical composers 21st-century classical composers Royal Danish Academy of Music faculty Place of birth missing (living people) Pupils of Per Nørgård 20th-century Danish male musicians 21st-century male musicians

20464140

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Boltyansky

Vladimir Boltyansky

Vladimir Grigorevich Boltyansky (; 26 April 1925 – 16 April 2019), also transliterated as Boltyanski, Boltyanskii, or Boltjansky, was a Soviet and Russian mathematician, educator and author of popular mathematical books and articles. He was best known for his books on topology, combinatorial geometry and Hilbert's third problem. Biography Boltyansky was born in Moscow. He served in the Soviet army during World War II, when he was a signaller on the 2nd Belorussian Front. He graduated from Moscow University in 1948, where his advisor was Lev Pontryagin. He defended his "Doktor nauk in physics and mathematics" (higher doctorate) degree in 1955, became a professor in 1959. Boltyansky was awarded the Lenin Prize (for the work led by Pontryagin, Revaz Gamkrelidze, and ) for applications of differential equations to optimal control, where he was one of the discoverers of the maximum principle. In 1967 he received Uzbek SSR prize for the work on ordered rings. He taught at CIMAT. He was the corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Education. He was the author of over 200 books and mathematical articles. References External links Boltyansky's biography, in Russian. 1925 births 2019 deaths Writers from Moscow 20th-century Russian mathematicians Lenin Prize winners Moscow State University alumni Russian Jews Russian science writers 21st-century Russian mathematicians Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences Academicians of the Russian Academy of Education Soviet Jews Soviet mathematicians Soviet military personnel of World War II

23570803

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuits%2C%20etc.%20Act%201584

Jesuits, etc. Act 1584

An act against Jesuits, seminary priests, and such other like disobedient persons, also known as the Jesuits, etc. Act 1584, (27 Eliz.1, c. 2) was an Act of the Parliament of England passed during the English Reformation. The Act commanded all Roman Catholic priests to leave the country within 40 days or they would be punished for high treason, unless within the 40 days they swore an oath to obey the Queen. Those who harboured them, and all those who knew of their presence and failed to inform the authorities, would be fined and imprisoned for felony, or if the authorities wished to make an example of them, they might be executed for treason. Anyone who was brought up as a Jesuit overseas (i.e. if they were educated abroad in a Jesuit seminary) had to return to England within six months, and then within two days of arriving swear to submit to the Queen and also take the oath required by the Act of Supremacy 1558. Failure to do so was treason. Any person who did take the oath was forbidden from coming within 10 miles of the Queen for 10 years unless they had her personal written permission. Again, failure to observe this requirement was treason. Enforcement of the Act Under Elizabeth I The Act was enforced with great severity in the last decades of Elizabeth's reign. It may well be that at first the English Government believed that deporting priests would be an adequate solution to the Catholic problem (this was certainly to be King James I's view later): if so they quickly decided that harsher measures were necessary. About 200 English Catholics perished between 1584 and 1603, of whom the great majority were priests, despite the Government's protests that no one was being persecuted solely on account of their religion. The justification for rigorous enforcement of the statute was that during the war with Spain, the loyalty of all English Catholics, and especially priests, must be regarded as suspect. However, the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 did not, as might have been expected, lead to relaxation of the persecution, as the war with Spain dragged on into the next reign. Of the laity who suffered under the Act of 1584, probably the best known is Margaret Clitherow of York. Charged in 1586 with harbouring priests, (among them Francis Ingleby) she refused to plead to her indictment (probably to shield her children from being interrogated or tortured), and was executed by the gruesome process of peine forte et dure (being pressed to death). Such severity towards a lay person, especially a woman, was unusual. For example, there is no record of any legal proceedings being taken against Anne, Lady Arundell, widow of Sir John Arundell of Lanherne, for harbouring the Catholic martyr Father John Cornelius, who was executed in 1594: Lady Arundell retrieved his body to give him a proper burial. After Elizabeth I After the death of Elizabeth I in 1603 the statute gradually fell into disuse. The Stuart dynasty which succeeded her was in general disposed to religious toleration, and the Treaty of London of 1604 which ended the Anglo-Spanish War removed one obvious justification for persecution, as it could no longer be argued that English Catholics were potential agents for a hostile foreign power. Although James I felt it politically prudent to give his assent to the Act of 1604, which strengthened the statute of 1584, and as a result, a number of priests were put to death, of whom probably the best known is Father John Sugar, the King by his own admission was opposed to the execution of priests. There was a brief revival of anti-Catholic sentiment caused by the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605, but it seems to have largely died away by 1612. Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, the dominant figure in the English government from 1603 to 1612, detested the Jesuits, but admitted that he had qualms about enforcing the statute of 1584 against other priests, most of whom he thought were loyal enough at heart. King James shared these scruples, saying that he thought banishment a sufficient punishment. Prosecutions of members of the Catholic laity for harbouring priests ceased after about 1616. Protestant sheriffs and justices of the peace were notably unwilling to enforce the law against their Catholic neighbours, even in such blatant cases as the Welsh squire Thomas Gunter of Gunter Mansion, Abergavenny, who, in 1678, told the local vicar cheerfully that "he had kept a priest in Oliver Cromwell's time, and would keep one now". This tolerant attitude made it impossible to enforce the Penal Laws against the upper classes: in 1613 the justices of the peace of Northamptonshire remarked casually that due to their high regard for Sir Thomas Brudenell (later the 1st Earl of Cardigan), they had repeatedly dismissed charges of recusancy against him and numerous members of his family. No priests were executed in the period 1618-1625, only one was executed in the period 1625-1640, and after a brief revival of stringent persecution during the English Civil War, only two more were executed between 1646 and 1660. The Popish Plot Following the Restoration of Charles II, under the tolerant rule of a monarch who was himself inclined to the Catholic religion, the Government was content to periodically issue orders for all priests to leave England, without any expectation that the orders would be complied with. The statute of 1584 was regarded as effectively a dead letter, until the outbreak of the Popish Plot in the autumn of 1678 led to its unexpected revival. Despite the King's known Catholic sympathies, the public atmosphere of hysteria was such that he had no choice but to revert to strict enforcement of the Penal Laws. Under a Proclamation of 20 November 1678 all priests were to be arrested. They were to be denied the usual 40 days of grace to leave the country: instead, they were to be held in prison "in order to their trial". As J.P. Kenyon remarks, these five simple words launched a vicious pogrom against the Catholic priesthood which continued for the next two years. Priests who had been working undisturbed in England for decades suddenly found themselves facing the death penalty. In theory, Scots and Irish priests were exempt from the statute, if they could show that their presence in England was temporary. Even during the Popish Plot, a number of priests were acquitted on that ground, although the Irish Franciscan Father Charles Mahoney was executed in 1679, despite his plea that at the time of his arrest he was passing through England on his way to France. An Irish priest might also be able to plead that he had signed the Remonstrance of 1671, by which he gave his primary allegiance to the King, not the Pope. These priests, known as the Remonstrants, were left in peace even at the height of the Plot hysteria. Although it was not technically a defence under the statute of 1584, a priest who could prove that he had taken the Oath of Allegiance to the Crown was unofficially entitled to a reprieve: Charles Carne, Andrew Bromwich and Lionel Anderson were among those who successfully pleaded that they had taken the Oath. During the Plot pleas for clemency were generally rejected out of hand, but in a few cases, such as David Kemiss and William Atkins, the accused was spared the death penalty on the grounds of extreme old age. Even the vehemently anti-Catholic Lord Chief Justice Sir William Scroggs approved of the Crown showing mercy in such cases, in order "that the world may not say that we are grown barbarous and inhumane". No serious effort was made to revive prosecutions of the laity for harbouring priests. The Government did issue two proclamations reminding the public that this was a felony which in theory rendered them liable to the death penalty, but no action was taken against those laymen, like Thomas Gunter, Gervaise Pierrepont, Sir John Southcote and Sir James Poole, 1st Baronet, in whose houses priests were arrested. Anti-Catholic sentiment gradually died away, more speedily in the provinces where many of the priests who died were venerable and respected local figures. In June 1679 the King issued an order that all priests condemned under the statute of 1584 after 4 June should be reprieved until his further will was known. Kenyon suggests that the Government at this point simply had no idea what to do next. In the event, the reprieve for priests condemned after that date became permanent. This however was too late to save those already condemned, and over the summer of 1679, despite mounting public unease, at least fourteen priests were executed or died in prison. Persecution continued to wane in 1680: at least ten more priests were prosecuted under the statute of 1584, but it seems that all of them were acquitted or reprieved. After the Plot Under the openly Catholic King James II, all persecution of Catholics ceased early in 1685. A revival of anti-Catholic feeling after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 caused the Government to pass one final Penal Law, the Popery Act 1698. This sought to strengthen the statute of 1584 by providing that anyone who apprehended a Catholic priest should receive a reward of £100: in effect, this was a bounty for catching priests. The severity of this provision was mitigated by Section III, commuting the death sentence for priests to perpetual imprisonment. There is little evidence that the 1698 Act was enforced strictly. Kenyon suggests that the obvious decline in numbers of the English Catholic community in the eighteenth century was due to financial penalties, such as the double land tax imposed on Catholics in 1692, rather than to overt persecution. The end of the Penal Laws The "bounty" provisions of the 1698 Act were repealed by the first Catholic relief measure, the Papists Act 1778. However, the 1778 Act produced a revival of anti-Catholic feelings which erupted in the Gordon Riots of 1780, in which hundreds of people died. This reaction may have delayed further relief measures, but by 1791 the Government felt it safe to finally legalise the Catholic priesthood. Under the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1791 the Elizabethan Laws were repealed, and it became lawful, although under strictly controlled conditions, to act as a priest in England and to celebrate Mass. 1995 court case The execution of a Catholic priest under the Act in 1594 became the subject of a court case 401 years later. In 1995 a church applied to the consistory court in Durham for a faculty (planning permission) to display a memorial plaque on the church door, in memory of the dead priest. Even though the 1584 Act had been repealed long ago, the priest's conviction had not been quashed, and so the court could not permit it: In 2008 the Oxford Consistory Court (presided over by the same judge) declined to follow that case as a precedent, on the grounds that "that decision had failed to take account of the commemoration of English saints and martyrs of the Reformation era in the Church of England's calendar of festivals. As such a commemoration was permitted in an authorised service, it would have been inconsistent not to permit commemoration of similar persons by a memorial." See also High treason in the United Kingdom Religion Act 1580 Safety of the Queen, etc. Act 1584 (27 Eliz.1, c. 1) Penal law (British) References External links Acts of the Parliament of England concerning religion 1584 in law 1584 in England Treason in England Anti-Catholicism in England

17326435

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperStudio

HyperStudio

HyperStudio is a creativity tool software program distributed by Software MacKiev. It was originally created by Roger Wagner in 1989 as "HyperStudio 1.0 for the Apple IIGS", later versions introduced support for Mac and Windows. It can be described as a multimedia authoring tool, and it provides relatively simple methods for combining varied media. It has been available for purchase off and on over the years, and is now being marketed by Software MacKiev as "Version 5.1", which is aimed mostly at an educational market. References External links Evan Trent, About This Particular Macintosh Indiana University, "Indiana University Knowledge Base" 1988 software HyperCard products

20464148

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade%20I%20listed%20buildings%20on%20the%20Isle%20of%20Wight

Grade I listed buildings on the Isle of Wight

There are over 9,300 Grade I listed buildings in England. This page is a list of these buildings in the county of Isle of Wight. In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical, or cultural significance; Grade I structures are those considered to be "buildings of exceptional interest". Listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Once listed, strict limitations are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or fittings. In England, the authority for listing under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 rests with English Heritage, a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport; local authorities have a responsibility to regulate and enforce the planning regulations. Buildings |} See also Grade II* listed buildings on the Isle of Wight Notes References External links National Heritage List for England Isle of Wight Lists of listed buildings on the Isle of Wight

23570809

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean%20Lake%20%28Annapolis%29

Dean Lake (Annapolis)

Dean Lake Annapolis is a lake of Annapolis County, Nova Scotia, Canada. See also List of lakes in Nova Scotia References National Resources Canada Lakes of Nova Scotia

23570810

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folly%20Lake%20%28Annapolis%20County%29

Folly Lake (Annapolis County)

Folly Lake is a lake of Annapolis County, Nova Scotia, Canada. See also List of lakes in Nova Scotia References National Resources Canada Lakes of Nova Scotia

17326445

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20colleges%20and%20universities%20in%20Bacolod

List of colleges and universities in Bacolod

This is a list of colleges and universities in Bacolod, Philippines. Universities State universities C Carlos Hilado Memorial State University Private non-sectarian universities S STI West Negros University Private Catholic universities U University of Negros Occidental – Recoletos University of Saint La Salle Colleges Local colleges B Bacolod City College N Negros Occidental Language and Information Technology Center Private Catholic colleges C Colegio San Agustin – Bacolod La Consolacion College Bacolod Private national colleges A ABE International Business College – Bacolod Campus AMA Computer College – Bacolod Campus C College of Arts & Sciences of Asia & the Pacific – Bacolod Campus M Mapúa Malayan Digital College – Learning Hub Bacolod Other private colleges A Asian College of Aeronautics – Bacolod Branch (Main Campus) B Bacolod Christian College of Negros J John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation – Bacolod L LaSalTech Inc. O Our Lady of Mercy College – Bacolod R Riverside College, Inc. V VMA Global College Victory Business College, Inc. External links Colleges and Universities: Official website of the Bacolod City local government Bacolod

17326468

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bailey%20Farm

Bailey Farm

The Bailey Farm is an historic farm at 373 Wyatt Road in Middletown, Rhode Island. Now reduced from more than to about , the farm is a well-preserved example of a 19th-century island farm. It was owned by members of the Bailey family, possibly as early as the late 17th century, into the 19th century. The original main house appears to be a mid-18th century structure that was given a significant Greek Revival treatment in the 19th century. It is a 1-1/2 story Cape style house, three bays wide, with a central chimney. The main entrance is centered on the northern facade, and is flanked by sidelight windows and pilasters, with an entablature above. The corners of the building are pilastered. A series of outbuildings stand nearby. There is a second complex of buildings on the northwest part of the property, built in the 1930s near the location of the Bailey family cemetery. The farm was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island References Houses completed in 1838 Farms on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island Houses in Newport County, Rhode Island Greek Revival houses in Rhode Island Buildings and structures in Middletown, Rhode Island National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island

17326482

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang%20Jilin

Zhang Jilin

Zhang Jilin (; born June 24, 1986) is a Chinese and Australian chess player holding the title of Woman Grandmaster (WGM). She competed in the Women's World Chess Championship in 2008. Career Zhang Jilin first represented China in the World Youth Chess Festival in Menorca in 1996. She played then three times subsequently at the World Girls U-20 Championship in 2004, 2005 and 2006, finishing in the top ten on all three occasions. In June 2007, she qualified for the Woman Grandmaster title. She earned the required norms at: 2002 China Women's Team Championship in Beihai, China (February 5–17); score 7/9 2006 World Junior Chess Championship (Girls) in Yerevan, Armenia (October 3–16, 2006); score 7/11 3rd Singapore Masters International Open in Singapore (December 26–30, 2006); score 5/9 In 2008 Zhang qualified from the Chinese Zonal tournament to play in the Women's World Chess Championship in Nalchik, Russia. She was knocked out in the first round by Inna Gaponenko. She was awarded the International Arbiter title in 2010. Zhang moved with her family to Sydney in 2016 and in August 2017, Zhang switched her national federation from China to Australia. In 2018 Zhang was selected to play for the Australian team at the Batumi Chess Olympiad on third board. In the China Chess League, Zhang played for Shandong team, which won the gold medal in 2007 and 2010. References External links Jilin Zhang chess gales at 365Chess.com Zhang Jilin team chess record at Olimpbase.org Zhang Jilin's official website (in Chinese) Title Application for International Arbiter (IA) 1986 births Living people Chess woman grandmasters Chess players from Harbin Australian female chess players Australian people of Chinese descent Chess arbiters

17326487

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyce%20%28disambiguation%29

Dyce (disambiguation)

Dyce is a suburb of Aberdeen, Scotland. Dyce may also refer to: Dyce station (Manitoba), a train station in Dyce, Manitoba, Canada Dyce Academy, a school in Dyce, Scotland Dyce railway station, Dyce, Scotland People with the surname Dyce Alexander Dyce (1798–1869), Scottish dramatic editor and literary historian Charles Andrew Dyce (1816–1853), Singaporean artist Keith Dyce (1926–2014) Dean of the Dick Vet School in Edinburgh William Dyce (1806–1864), Scottish artist See also Dice (disambiguation)

20464157

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay%20Open

Uruguay Open

The Uruguay Open is a tennis tournament held in Montevideo, Uruguay since 2005. The event is part of the ATP Challenger Tour and is played on outdoor clay courts. Past finals Singles Doubles See also Montevideo Open References External links Official website ITF search ATP Challenger Tour Clay court tennis tournaments Tennis tournaments in Uruguay Sport in Montevideo Spring (season) events in Uruguay Recurring sporting events established in 2005

23570813

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Cranberry%20Lake%20%28Annapolis%29

Little Cranberry Lake (Annapolis)

Little Cranberry Lake, Annapolis is a lake of Annapolis County, Nova Scotia, Canada. See also List of lakes in Nova Scotia References National Resources Canada Lakes of Nova Scotia

23570824

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth%20Phase

Fourth Phase

Fourth Phase (Quarta Fase, QF) is a faction within the Democratic Party (PD), a political party in Italy. The name of the faction was chosen to identify the new stage of left-wing Catholics in Italian politics, the first three being within the Italian People's Party (1919–1926), the Christian Democracy (1943–1994) and the Italian People's Party respectively, and the fourth the current one, with the Democratic Party, a party in which Catholics are a minority. This phase, according to the faction's website, started with the foundation of Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (DL), that put together Populars with people coming from different political traditions. The heirs of the left-wing of the late Christian Democracy and later the Italian People's Party (1994–2002), a Christian-democratic party of the Christian left, organized themselves within DL as The Populars. Between 2002 and 2007 the Populars, led by Franco Marini and Ciriaco De Mita, within DL. In the 2007 Democratic Party primary election around 600 Populars were elected to the party Constituent Assembly. As the Populars failed to find a common ground in the new party, they split in different groups. The bulk of the faction (Marini, Dario Franceschini, Giuseppe Fioroni, Antonello Soro and Pierluigi Castagnetti) supported Walter Veltroni as leader of the party. Rosy Bindi and Enrico Letta ran against Veltroni and set up their factions, Democrats Really and 360 Association respectively. Another leading member, Ciriaco De Mita, abandoned the PD over disagreements with Veltroni in early 2008. The failure of The Populars to be a united faction led Fioroni, Franceschini and Soro, backed by Marini, to set Fourth Phase. As of January 2009 the organization of the new faction was completed: Antonello Giacomelli was elected president of the faction, which counts almost 90 Democrat MPs. However also Franceschini and Fioroni, who is the real leader of the group and the heir of Marini, had their differences, the first being a keen supporter of Walter Veltroni and the second more interested in unifying former Christian Democrats and Catholics in general within the party, including the Teodems, the Olivists, the followers of Bindi, the Lettiani and the Social Christians. After the resignation of Veltroni as party secretary and its replacement with Franceschini, Fourth Phase chose to support Franceschini in the 2009 Democratic Party leadership election. Franceschini lost to Pier Luigi Bersani but the Populars of Fourth Phase, who constituted about the 60% of the members elected to the party's national assembly by the Franceschini list, were not eager to oppose Bersani, while Franceschini was more combative. They however joined AreaDem, the united minority faction led by Franceschini. Things turned upside down in mid 2010 when Franceschini started to re-approach with Bersani and Fioroni became very critical of the party's political line instead. When Veltroni organized a "movement" outside Democratic Area, it was joined by Fioroni and 35 Populars around him. This caused a split between this group and the Populars loyal to Franceschini. The future of Fourth Phase, which is however in the hands of Fioroni, is thus unclear. References External links Fourth Phase Democratic Party (Italy) factions

23570833

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortimer%20Forest

Mortimer Forest

Mortimer Forest is a forest on the Shropshire/Herefordshire border in England, near the town of Ludlow. It covers hilly terrain, including the marilyn of High Vinnalls, rising to . History Mortimer Forest was an ancient hunting forest, similar to areas including Bircher Common. According to Forestry England, it is a remnant of the ancient Saxon hunting forests of Mocktree, Deerfold and Bringewood. Remains of this 'ancient battleground' include a castle mound that was owned by powerful Marcher lords, who had considerable fortified bases at Wigmore and Ludlow. The name of the forest derives from the Mortimers, who were Marcher lords. Natural history includes very old limestones and shales laid down by the sea some 400 million years ago. Location Mortimer Forest is located on the county boundary of Shropshire and Herefordshire, in the West Midlands region of England. The OS positioning is: SO480730, it is near the town of Ludlow, which is on the A49 road. Climate Mortimer Forest has typical forest climate, with lower-than-average light levels and a slightly cooler temperature. It is also in a hilly part of England, meaning it has a damp climate. Geology The limestones and shales of Mortimer Forest are around 400 million years old, making them round the Silurian/Ordivician age. Fossils are common in the Mortimer Forest, especially corals, trilobites and shells. This indicates that at one time the area of Mortimer Forest was underwater. Tourism Mortimer Forest is owned by Forestry England, which has done a number of things to facilitate tourists, including a website, signage, picnic tables, car parks, and laying out walking tracks for different fitness abilities. National Cycle Network route 44 passes through, en route between Ludlow and Leominster. Also passing through the area is the Mortimer Trail, a long-distance footpath. References External links Forestry England's page on The Mortimer Forest Forests and woodlands of Shropshire Forests and woodlands of Herefordshire Ludlow

23570838

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Lake%20%28Nova%20Scotia%29

North Lake (Nova Scotia)

North Lake (Nova Scotia) is a lake of Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is fed by the North Lake stream and exits into George's Bay in the Atlantic Ocean. See also List of lakes in Nova Scotia References National Resources Canada Lakes of Nova Scotia

23570840

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Lake%20%28Antigonish%29

South Lake (Antigonish)

South Lake, Antigonish is a lake of Antigonish County, in the north of Nova Scotia, Canada. Its outflow is direct into the ocean waters separating the mainland from Cape Breton Island. See also List of lakes in Nova Scotia References National Resources Canada Lakes of Nova Scotia

23570844

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulls%2C%20etc.%2C%20from%20Rome%20Act%201571

Bulls, etc., from Rome Act 1571

An Act against the bringing in and putting in execution of bulls writings or instruments and other superstitious things from the See of Rome, also known as Bulls, etc., from Rome Act 1571, (13 Eliz. 1, c. 2) was an Act of the Parliament of England during the English Reformation. The Act punished with high treason those who published papal bulls and Roman Catholic priests and their converts. This Act was a response to Pope Pius V's Regnans in Excelsis. Breaching the Act ceased to be a crime in 1846, but remained unlawful until the Act was repealed. The remainder of the Act was repealed by the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969. In 1911, Pope Pius X excommunicated Arnold Mathew from the Catholic Church. The Times reported on this excommunication and included an English language translation of the Latin language document which described Mathew, among other things, as a "pseudo-bishop". Mathew's attorney argued, in the 1913 trial Mathew v. "The Times" Publishing Co., Ltd., that publication of the excommunication by The Times in English was high treason under this law. The trial was, according to a 1932 article in The Tablet, the last time this principle was invoked and the judge, Charles Darling, 1st Baron Darling, "held that it was not unlawful to publish a Papal Bull in a newspaper simply for the information of the public." Notes External links Text of the Act, Danby Pickering, The Statutes at Large, 1763, vol. 6, pp. 257 (from Google Book Search) Acts of the Parliament of England concerning religion 1571 in law 1571 in England Papal bulls

23570871

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzygium%20ingens

Syzygium ingens

Syzygium ingens, commonly known as red apple, is a species of flowering plant that is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a medium-sized to tall rainforest tree with narrow elliptic to oblong leaves and panicles of white flowers on the ends of branchlets, followed by spherical red berries. Description Syzygium ingens is a tree that typically grows to a height of up to with a dbh of up to . It has a smooth, straight, greyish or fawn-coloured trunk that is buttressed at the base of older specimens. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, narrow elliptic to oblong, long and wide on a reddish petiole long. The upper surface of the leaves is glossy green and the lower surface is paler with a raised mid-rib. The flowers are borne in panicles on the ends of branchlets, the panicles shorter than the leaves. The five sepals are fused at the base forming a bell-shaped floral cup about in diameter with rounded lobes. The five petals are white, more or less oblong and long with irregular edges. Flowering occurs from November to December and the fruit is a dark pink to red, spherical to oval berry, long, in diameter containing a single seed surrounded by white flesh. Taxonomy Red apple was first formally described in 1861 by Charles Moore in Catalogue of the Natural and Industrial Products of New South Wales, exhibited in the School of Arts by the International Exhibition Commissioners and was given the name Nelitris ingens from an unpublished description by Ferdinand von Mueller. In 1988, Gordon P. Guymer and Bernard Hyland changed the name to Acmena ingens in the journal Muelleria, a name that is accepted by the National Herbarium of New South Wales. In 2006, Lyndley Craven and Edward Sturt Biffin changed Moore's name Nelitris ingens to Syzygium ingens in the journal Blumea, the name accepted by the Australian Plant Census Distribution and habitat Red apple grows on volcanic soil from near Gympie in south eastern Queensland to Casino in northern New South Wales. Ecology Birds seen eating the fruit of this species include wompoo fruit dove, green catbird, eastern rosella, pied currawong and topknot pigeon. Use in horticulture Germination is assisted by removing the seed from the flesh, and soaking for a day or two to kill any insect larvae. Germination is swift and reliable. Cuttings also strike well. References Myrtales of Australia Trees of Australia Flora of New South Wales Flora of Queensland Myrtaceae Taxa named by Bernard Hyland

20464179

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Hesketh

Chris Hesketh

Christopher Hesketh (28 November 1944 – 10 August 2017) was an English World Cup winning professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England and Lancashire as a , and at club level for Wigan and Salford, as a , or , i.e. number 3 or 4, or 6. Background Chris Hesketh was born in Wigan, Lancashire, England, and he died aged 72. Playing career International honours Hesketh won caps for England while at Salford in 1968 against Wales, in 1969 against Wales, and France, and won caps for Great Britain while at Salford in 1970 against New Zealand, in the 1970 Rugby League World Cup against France (sub), New Zealand (1-try), and Australia (sub); in 1971 against France, France (sub), and New Zealand (3 matches); in the 1972 Rugby League World Cup against Australia, France, New Zealand (1-try), and Australia; in 1973 against Australia (3 matches); and in 1974 against France (2 matches), Australia (3 matches), and New Zealand (3 matches). For the 1974 Great Britain Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand, Hesketh was named as captain. Rugby League career Hesketh started his career at Wigan in 1962, and following the rule change to allow of substitutions, along with Laurie Gilfedder he jointly became Wigan's first substitute on Saturday 14 November 1964. He moved to Salford in 1967, with whom he remained until retiring in 1979. Hesketh worked as a salesman before retiring in 2006. His death was announced in August 2017. County Cup Final appearances Chris Hesketh played left-, i.e. number 4, in Salford's 25–11 victory over Swinton in the 1972–73 Lancashire County Cup Final during the 1972–73 season at Wilderspool Stadium, Warrington on Saturday 21 October 1972, he played left- in the 9–19 defeat by Wigan in the 1973–74 Lancashire County Cup Final at [Wilderspool on Saturday 13 October 1973, and played left- in the 7–16 defeat by Widnes in the 1975–76 Lancashire County Cup Final at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 4 October 1975. BBC2 Floodlit Trophy Final appearances Chris Hesketh played right-, i.e. number 3, in Salford's 0–0 draw with Warrington in the 1974 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy final at The Willows, Salford on Tuesday 17 December 1974, and played right- in the 10–5 victory in the replay at Wilderspool on Tuesday 28 January 1975. Player's No.6 Trophy Final appearances Chris Hesketh played left-, i.e. number 4, in Salford's 7–12 defeat by Leeds in the 1972–73 Player's No.6 Trophy Final during the 1972–73 season at Fartown Ground, Huddersfield on Saturday 24 March 1973. Testimonial match Chris Hesketh's Testimonial match at Salford took place in 1977. In the 1976 New Year Honours Hesketh was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for his services to rugby league. References Further reading External links (archived by web.archive.org) World Cup 1970 (archived by web.archive.org) World Cup 1972 When Great Britain won the World Cup Tracking down the heroes of 1972 Photograph "Bill Ramsey forces his way over" at rlhp.co.uk 1944 births 2017 deaths England national rugby league team players English rugby league players Great Britain national rugby league team captains Great Britain national rugby league team players Lancashire rugby league team players Members of the Order of the British Empire Rugby league centres Rugby league five-eighths Rugby league players from Wigan Salford Red Devils captains Salford Red Devils players Wigan Warriors players

17326499

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20of%20Ireland

Climate of Ireland

The climate of Ireland is mild, humid and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Ireland's climate is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or Cfb on the Köppen climate classification system, a classification it shares with most of northwest Europe. The island receives generally warm summers and cool winters. As Ireland is downwind of a large ocean, it is considerably milder in winter than other locations at the same latitude, for example Newfoundland in Canada or Sakhalin in Russia. The Atlantic overturning circulation, which includes ocean currents such as the North Atlantic Current and Gulf Stream, releases additional heat over the Atlantic, which is then carried by the prevailing winds towards Ireland giving, for example, Dublin a milder winter climate than other temperate oceanic climates in similar locations, for example Seattle in the United States. The prevailing wind blows from the southwest, breaking on the high mountains of the west coast. Rainfall is therefore a particularly prominent part of western Irish life, with Valentia Island, off the west coast of County Kerry, getting almost twice as much annual rainfall as Dublin on the east ( vs. ). January and February are the coldest months of the year, and mean daily air temperatures fall between during these months. July and August are the warmest, with mean daily temperatures of , whilst mean daily maximums in July and August vary from near the coast, to inland. The sunniest months are May and June, with an average of five to seven hours sunshine per day. Though extreme weather events in Ireland are comparatively rare when compared with other countries in the European continent, they do occur. Atlantic depressions, occurring mainly in the months of December, January and February, can occasionally bring winds of up to to Western coastal counties, with the winter of 2013/14 being the stormiest on record. During the summer months, and particularly around late July/early August, thunderstorms can develop. Temperature Ireland experiences a lack of temperature extremes compared to other areas at similar latitudes. There is regional variation, with inland areas being cooler in winter and warmer in summer than their coastal counterparts. The warmest areas are found along the southwest coast. Valentia Island has the highest average temperature, at 10.9 °C. The coldest areas are found inland. Mullingar has the lowest average temperature, at 9.3 °C. The highest temperature ever recorded in Ireland was 33.3 °C at Kilkenny Castle, on 26 June 1887. The lowest temperature was -19.1 °C at Markree Castle on 16 January 1881. Six of the warmest ten years in Ireland have occurred since 1990. Due to climate change, it is estimated that the temperatures will rise everywhere by up to 3.4 degrees by the end of the century. Extreme heat and cold are both rare throughout the country. Summer temperatures exceeding 30 °C are rare, usually only occurring every few years (2022, 2021, 2018, 2016, 2013, 2006, 2005, 2003, 1995, 1990, 1989, 1983, 1976 and 1975 are recent examples), although they commonly reach the high 20s most summers. Severe freezes occur only occasionally in winter, with temperatures below -10 °C being very uncommon in the lowlands and temperatures below freezing uncommon in many coastal areas. However, temperatures in the Wicklow Mountains are said to reach -10 °C annually. Frost Air frost occurs frequently in the winter, with most areas seeing over 40 days of air frost every year. In northern areas, air frost occurs on average 10.2 days every January, the month in which air frost occurs most frequently. In the Sperrins and the Glens of Antrim air frost occurs around 80 days a year. The pattern is similar with ground frost, with on average around 100 days of ground frost in the lowlands and over 140 in the mountains. The number of frost days in Ireland have declined massively over the past decade. The largest season decrease has been known to take place in winter. Frost is rarer along the coast, in urban areas and also in western and southern areas. Roches Point, County Cork receives the fewest days with air frost, with an average of 7.0 days with air frost recorded annually. Kilkenny, County Kilkenny receives the most days with air frost, with an average of 53.0 days with air frost recorded annually. In Dublin, Dublin Airport records air frost on average 24.3 days per year, while Casement Aerodrome (which is further inland) records air frost on average 41.3 days per year. Sunshine The sunniest months are May and June. During these months sunshine duration averages between 5 and 6½ hours per day over most of the country. The southeast gets the most sunshine, averaging over 7 hours a day in early summer. December is the most overcast month, with average daily sunshine ranging from about 1 hour in the north to almost 2 hours in the southeast. Over the year as a whole, most areas get an average of between 3¼ and 3¾ hours of sunshine each day. Irish skies are completely covered by cloud roughly half of the time. The sunniest part of the island is the southeast coast. Rosslare, County Wexford was historically the sunniest area, however, the station was closed by Met Éireann in 2007. The sunniest station throughout the 1981 to 2010 period was Ballyrichard HSE in Arklow, County Wicklow, which received an average of 4.41 hours of sunshine per day. The cloudiest (i.e. least sunny) parts of the island are generally the west and northwest of the country. Over the 1971-2000 averaging period, Claremorris, County Mayo was the cloudiest station, receiving just 1,072 hours of sunshine per year. From 1981 to 2010, Birr, County Offaly, in the Midlands, was the most cloudy (overcast) station, receiving on average 3.2 hours of sunshine per day, considerably less than the stations at Malin Head in the north or Belmullet in the west. Inland areas tend to receive less sunshine than coastal areas due to the convective development of clouds over land. Cloud develops because of vertical air currents caused by thermal heating of the ground. Precipitation Precipitation Rainfall is the most common form of precipitation on the island, and is extremely common throughout Ireland, although some parts of the west coast receive twice as much rain as the east coast. Rainfall in Ireland normally comes from Atlantic frontal systems which travel northeast over the island, bringing cloud and rain. Most of the eastern half of the country has between of rainfall in the year. Rainfall in the west generally averages between . In many mountainous districts rainfall exceeds per year. The wettest months almost everywhere are December and January. April is the driest month generally, but in many southern parts, June is the driest. The average number of "wet days" (days with more than of rain) ranges from about 151 days a year along the east and southeast coasts, to about 225 days a year in parts of the west. The wettest weather station is Glanagimla, Leenane, Co. Galway, which averages rain per year. The wettest synoptic weather station is Valentia Island, which receives of rain per year, on average. The driest weather station is at Ringsend, Co. Dublin, which receives of rain per year, on average. The weather station with the highest number of "wet days" is Belmullet, with 193 days per year, while the station with the lowest number of "wet days" is Dublin Airport, with 128 days per year. Rainfall records Source: The driest year recorded in Ireland was 1887, with of rain recorded at Glasnevin, County Dublin. The longest drought in Ireland occurred in Limerick between 3 April 1938 and 10 May 1938 (37 days). The greatest monthly total was ; recorded at the Cummeragh Mountains, County Kerry, in October 1996. The greatest annual total was ; recorded at Ballaghbeena Gap in 1960. The greatest daily total was ; recorded at Cloone Lake, County Kerry, on 18 September 1993. Snowfall Severe cold weather is uncommon in Ireland with the majority of winter precipitation coming in the form of rain, although hills and mountainous regions in the country can commonly see up to 30 days of snowfall annually: the Wicklow Mountains region sometimes experiences 50 or more days of snowfall each year. Most low-lying regions of the island only see a few days of lying snow per year (from December to March inclusive), or may see no snow at all during some winters. However, there are preparations for snow and ice, including the distribution of grit, salt, and other snow-treatable minerals. In late 2011, the Irish Government set up "Winter-Ready", in order to prepare the country for such severe weather. Due to its variability (which is mainly because of the influence of the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift, as well as Ireland's northerly latitude and vulnerability to Siberian/Arctic winds) Ireland's weather during the winter months is difficult to predict. The aforementioned factors make both extremely low temperatures and relatively mild temperatures possible. The snowiest weather station is Clones, County Monaghan, which receives, on average, 18 days of snow and/or sleet per year. Of these, 6.2 days have snow lying at 09:00. The least snowy weather station is Valentia Island, County Kerry; which receives, on average, 5.6 days of snow and/or sleet per year. Of these, 0.8 days have snow lying at 09:00. Hail Hail, like snow and sleet, is also rare in Ireland; however, it can occur at any time of the year. It is most common in spring during thunderstorms. Malin Head, County Donegal receives the most hail, with an average of 48.4 days per year. Roche's Point, County Cork receives the least hail, with an average of 8.0 days per year. Thunderstorms Thunderstorms are quite rare in Ireland. They are more likely to happen in late spring, although they can occur at any time of the year. Cork Airport, County Cork experiences the least thunder; receiving it 3.7 days per year on average. Valentia Island, County Kerry experiences the most thunder; receiving it 7.1 days per year on average. Wind Generally, the coast tends to be windier than inland areas, and the west tends to be windier than the east. The station with the highest mean wind speed is Malin Head, County Donegal, averaging at . Malin Head also receives the most gale-force winds, recording them on average 66.0 days per year. The station with the lowest mean wind speed is Kilkenny, County Kilkenny; averaging at . The station that records the lowest number of gale-force winds is Birr, County Offaly; recording them on average 1.2 days per year. The highest wind speed ever recorded in Ireland was at Fastnet Lighthouse, County Cork on 16 October 2017. Tornadoes are very rare in Ireland, with around less than ten reported every year - mostly in August. Fog Fog is more common inland and on higher altitudes; mainly during winter and during the morning at times of high pressure. The foggiest station is that at Cork Airport, County Cork, which has 99.5 days of fog per year. The least foggy station is that at Valentia Island, County Kerry, which has 8.9 days of fog per year. Visibility Visibility is generally very good, because of the proximity of industry to the coast, allowing breezes to disperse any smog. Mist and fog often occur, as well as coastal fog in the east, but it is generally not long-lasting. However, in winter, it can be slow to clear. Climate change Climate charts See also Geography of Ireland Climate change in the Republic of Ireland References External links Met Éireann Ireland

23570872

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hog%20Lake

Hog Lake

Hog Lake may refer to the following bodies of water: Canada: Hog Lake, Argyle, Nova Scotia Hog Lake, Region of Queens Municipality, Nova Scotia Hog Lake, near Kearney, Ontario United States: Hog Lake, near Dales, California Hog Lake (Florida) Hog Lake, Santa Fe Township, Clinton County, Illinois Hog Lake, LaPorte County, Indiana Hog Lake, Jamestown Township, Steuben County, Indiana Hog Lake, near Sumner, Missouri, drained in 1911 Hog Canyon Lake, also known as Hog Lake, Spokane County, Washington

23570877

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocarpha%20heermannii

Holocarpha heermannii

Holocarpha heermannii is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Heermann's tarweed. It is endemic to California. Distribution Holocarpha heermannii grows in the hills, mountains, and valleys of the central and southern part of California. It is most common in the Inner Coast Ranges in the eastern San Francisco Bay Area, the southern Sierra Nevada foothills, and the Tehachapi Mountains. It is also found in the Southern Outer California Coast Ranges and western Transverse Ranges. Description Holocarpha heermannii is an annual herb growing mostly erect from to over in height. The stem is densely glandular and coated in short and long hairs. The leaves are up to long near the base of the plant and those along the stem are smaller. The inflorescence is a spreading array of branches bearing clusters of flower heads. Each flower head is lined with phyllaries which are coated in large bulbous resin glands. They are hairy and sticky in texture. The head contains many yellow disc florets surrounded by three to 10 golden yellow ray florets. The ray and fertile disc florets produce achenes of different shapes. References External links Jepson Manual Treatment: Holocarpha heermannii CalFlora Database: Holocarpha heermannii (Heermann's tarweed) USDA Plants Profile: Holocarpha heermannii (Heermann's tarweed) Holocarpha heermannii— U.C. Photos gallery Madieae Endemic flora of California Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States) Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands Natural history of the California Coast Ranges Natural history of the Transverse Ranges ~ Flora without expected TNC conservation status

23570884

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley%20McDonald

Stanley McDonald

Stanley B. McDonald (October 13, 1920 – November 20, 2014) was the founder of Princess Cruises, one of the largest cruise lines in the World. Career Born in Alberta, Canada and educated at Roosevelt High School in Seattle and the University of Washington, Stan McDonald joined the United States Navy Air Corps. After World War II, Stan McDonald founded Air Mac, a material handling business. Air Mac provided all the ground transportation equipment for the World's Fair in Seattle: McDonald also chartered a ship to bring visitors to the Fair. In 1965, based on his experience from the World's Fair, he founded Princess Cruises which he expanded into one of the largest cruise lines in the World. He merged Air Mac into RCA Corporation in 1969 and sold Princess Cruises to Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation Company in 1975: he remained Chairman of the latter business until 1980. In 1977, together with two other partners, he purchased the real estate assets of Chrysler Corporation and subsequently formed Stellar International, a real estate business. Personal life McDonald married Barbara in 1944: together they went on to have one son and one daughter. He died November 20, 2014, in Seattle, aged 94. References University of Washington alumni 1920 births 2014 deaths Canadian emigrants to the United States Canadian company founders United States Navy personnel of World War II

23570885

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver%20Lake%20%28Shelburne%29

Beaver Lake (Shelburne)

Beaver Lake Shelburne is a lake of Municipality of the District of Barrington, in Nova Scotia, Canada. See also List of lakes in Nova Scotia References National Resources Canada Lakes of Nova Scotia

17326515

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxine

Maxine

Maxine may refer to: People Maxine is a feminine given name. Maxine Andrews (1916–1995), member of The Andrews Sisters singing trio Maxine Audley (1923–1992), English actress Maxine Brown (country singer) (1932-2019), American country music singer Maxine Brown (soul singer) (born 1939), American soul and R&B singer Maxine D. Brown, American computer scientist Maxine Carr, convicted of perverting the course of justice in relation to the Soham murders (not to be confused with Maxine Moore Carr / Maxine Waters below) Maxine Dexter (1972), American politician Maxine Elliott (1868–1940), American actress Maxine Fassberg (born 1953), CEO, Intel Israel Maxine Hong Kingston (born 1940), Chinese American author and Professor Emerita Maxine Kumin (1925–2014), American poet and author Maxine Mawhinney (born 1957), newsreader on the BBC News 24-hour television channel Maxine McKew (born 1953), Australian politician and journalist Maxine Medina (born 1990), Filipino model, beauty pageant titleholder, Miss Universe Philippines 2016, and top 6 Miss Universe 2016 Maxine Nightingale (born 1952), British R&B and soul music singer Maxine Peake (born 1974), English actress Maxine Reiner (1916–2003), American actress Maxine Sanders (born 1946), British Wiccan Maxine Sullivan (born Marietta Williams, 1911–1987), American jazz vocalist/performer Maxine Waters (born Maxine Moore Carr, born 1938), American politician Maxine (wrestler) (born 1986), stage name of American former professional wrestler, model, and former WWE Diva Karlee Pérez Fictional characters Maxine Peacock, from the British soap opera, Coronation Street Maxine Chadway, from the television series Soul Food Maxine Conway, from the Australian drama series, Wentworth Maxine Minniver, from the British soap opera, Hollyoaks Maxine Barlow, from the British drama series Waterloo Road Maxine Mayfield, "Max" or "Madmax", on the Netflix series Stranger Things Max Caulfield, or Maxine, main character in the video game Life Is Strange Maxine Shaw, from the American television sitcom Living Single Maxine, a character in a line of Hallmark Cards Maxine Guevara, main character of the American TV series Dark Angel Maxine Baker, daughter of Animal Man (Buddy Baker) in DC Comics Maxine Tarnow, main character in Thomas Pynchon's novel Bleeding Edge Other uses Maxine, West Virginia, an unincorporated community 3977 Maxine, an asteroid, see List of minor planets: 3001–4000 Maxine Virtual Machine, an open source Java virtual machine Music "Maxine" (Sharon O'Neill song), a song from Sharon O'Neill "Maxine", a 2007 reissue bonus track on the album Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 "Maxine", a song by John Legend from the album Once Again "Maxine", a song by Donald Fagen from the album The Nightfly "Maxine", a 1996 rap song by Eminem from the album Infinite See also Max (disambiguation) Maximilian Maximus (disambiguation) English feminine given names Feminine given names

17326520

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoakim%20Gruev

Yoakim Gruev

Joakim Gruev (, died 1912) was a Bulgarian teacher and translator. He was born on 9 September 1828 in the town of Koprivshtitsa. He was a teacher at the leading Bulgarian high school in Plovdiv. He was the author of a number of textbooks. References Bulgarian writers Bulgarian educators 19th-century Bulgarian people Members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences People from Koprivshtitsa 1828 births 1912 deaths 19th-century Bulgarian educators

23570887

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion%20Act%201580

Religion Act 1580

The Religion Act 1580 (23 Eliz.1 c. 1) was an Act of the Parliament of England during the English Reformation. The Act made it high treason to persuade English subjects to withdraw their allegiance to the Queen, or from the Church of England to Rome, or to promise obedience to a foreign authority. The Act also increased the fine for absenteeism from Church to £20 a month or imprisonment until they conformed. Finally, the Act fined and imprisoned those who celebrated the mass and attended a mass. See also Praemunire High treason in the United Kingdom Notes External links Acts of the Parliament of England concerning religion 1580 in law 1580 in England Treason in England 1580 in politics 1580 in religion 1580 in Christianity

6899373

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhouse%27s%20swamp%20rat

Waterhouse's swamp rat

Waterhouse's swamp rat (Scapteromys tumidus) is a semiaquatic rodent species from South America. It is found in southern Brazil, Uruguay and northern Argentina, where it lives in freshwater and salt marshes, as well as open grassland of the pampas. Its karyotype has 2n = 24, substantially lower than its closest relative S. aquaticus with 2n = 32. References Scapteromys Mammals described in 1837

6899383

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Rake%27s%20Progress%20%28film%29

The Rake's Progress (film)

The Rake's Progress is a 1945 British comedy-drama film. In the United States, the title was changed to Notorious Gentleman. The film caused controversy with U.S. censors of the time, who trimmed scenes for what was considered graphic amoral and sexual content. Plot The plot follows the career of upper-class cad Vivian Kenway (Rex Harrison). He is sent down from Oxford University for placing a chamber pot on the Martyrs' Memorial. Sent to South America after his father pulls a favour from a friend, he is fired for heckling the managing director while drunk. A friend offers him a job, but he responds by seducing his wife and is found out. His jobs decline, as he moves from employment as racing driver to shop assistant to dancing partner. He lives a life of womanising and heavy drinking and constantly runs up large debts, which his family has to pay. One girl tries to kill herself. Driving while drunk and taking risks, he crashes and causes the death of his father, Colonel Kenway (Godfrey Tearle). Kenway is eaten up by guilt in consequence. Another girl tries to rescue him. The plot diverges from the theme of the Rake's Progress paintings by having him redeem himself by a hero's death in World War II. Cast Rex Harrison as Vivian Kenway Lilli Palmer as Rikki Krausner Godfrey Tearle as Colonel Robert Kenway Griffith Jones as Sandy Duncan Margaret Johnston as Jennifer Calthrop Guy Middleton as Fogroy Jean Kent as Jill Duncan Patricia Laffan as Miss Fernandez Marie Lohr as Lady Parks Garry Marsh as Sir Hubert Parks David Horne as Sir John Brockley Alan Wheatley as Edwards Brefni O'Rorke as Bromhead John Salew as Burgess Charles Victor as Old Sweat Jack Melford as race team member (uncredited) Critical reception The New York Times described the film as "an oddly deceptive affair which taxes precise classification. It plays like a comedy-romance, but all the way through it keeps switching with brutal abruptness to the sharpest irony...As a consequence, a curious unevenness of emphasis and mood prevails, and initial sympathy with the hero is frequently and painfully upset"; while more recently, TV Guide wrote, "the film is filled with wit and style. It does not treat its unattractive subject with sympathy, yet remains sensitive and touching." References External links Review of film at Variety 1945 films 1945 comedy-drama films British black-and-white films British comedy-drama films Films with screenplays by Frank Launder and Sidney Gilliat Films directed by Sidney Gilliat Films scored by William Alwyn Works based on art 1940s British films

6899385

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman%20bullhead%20shark

Oman bullhead shark

The Oman bullhead shark, Heterodontus omanensis, is a bullhead shark of the family Heterodontidae found in the tropical western Indian Ocean around central Oman, from the surface to a depth of on the continental shelf. This species has an average length of and can reach a maximum length of . This shark was described in 2005, making it one of the most recently described of its genus. The Oman bullhead shark likely is accidentally caught as bycatch, putting the species at risk. References Heterodontidae Fish of the Indian Ocean Fish described in 2005

17326550

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%20Calder%20Cup%20playoffs

1983 Calder Cup playoffs

The 1983 Calder Cup playoffs of the American Hockey League began on April 5, 1983. The eight teams that qualified, four from each division, played best-of-seven series for Division Semifinals and Division Finals. The division champions played a best-of-seven series for the Calder Cup. The Calder Cup Final ended on May 19, 1983, with the Rochester Americans defeating the Maine Mariners four games to zero to win the Calder Cup for the fourth time in team history. Playoff seeds After the 1982–83 AHL regular season, the top four teams from each division qualified for the playoffs. The Rochester Americans finished the regular season with the best overall record. Northern Division Fredericton Express - 98 points Nova Scotia Voyageurs - 87 points Maine Mariners - 86 points Adirondack Red Wings - 77 points Southern Division Rochester Americans - 101 points Hershey Bears - 85 points New Haven Nighthawks - 84 points Binghamton Whalers - 80 points Bracket In each round, the team that earned more points during the regular season receives home ice advantage, meaning they receive the "extra" game on home-ice if the series reaches the maximum number of games. There is no set series format due to arena scheduling conflicts and travel considerations. Division Semifinals Note: Home team is listed first. Northern Division (1) Fredericton Express vs. (4) Adirondack Red Wings (2) Nova Scotia Voyageurs vs. (3) Maine Mariners Southern Division (1) Rochester Americans vs. (4) Binghamton Whalers (2) Hershey Bears vs. (3) New Haven Nighthawks Division Finals Northern Division (1) Fredericton Express vs. (3) Maine Mariners Southern Division (1) Rochester Americans vs. (3) New Haven Nighthawks Calder Cup Final (S1) Rochester Americans vs. (N3) Maine Mariners See also 1982–83 AHL season List of AHL seasons References Calder Cup Calder Cup playoffs

6899390

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scolomys%20ucayalensis

Scolomys ucayalensis

Scolomys ucayalensis, also known as the long-nosed scolomys or Ucayali spiny mouse is a nocturnal rodent species from South America. It is part of the genus Scolomys within the tribe Oryzomyini. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru in various different habitats in the Amazon rainforest. Description Scolomys ucayalensis has a head-and-body length of between and a tail around 83% of this. The head is small but broad with a pointed snout and small rounded ears. The fur is a mixture of fine hairs and thicker, flattened spines. The dorsal surface is some shade of reddish-brown to reddish-black, sometimes grizzled or streaked with black, and the underparts are grey. The tail is nearly naked, and the hind feet are small but broad. The hypothenar pad (next to the outer digit on the sole of the foot) is either absent or reduced in size on the hind feet, and this contrasts with the otherwise similar Scolomys melanops which has well-developed hypothenar pads. The karyotype of S. ucayalensis has 2n = 50 and FN = 68, while that of S. melanops has 2n = 60, FN = 78. Distribution and habitat S. ucayalensis is found on the eastern side of the Andes in South America. Its range extends from southern Colombia and southern Ecuador, through western Brazil to northern Peru, and completely surrounds the range of S. melanops. Its habitat varies, with specimens being found in primary terra firme (non-flooded) lowland humid forest in Brazil, in undergrowth growing where primary forest had been cut back, and in cloud forest where the trees are clad in mosses and bromeliads. Its altitudinal range is between . References Literature cited Scolomys Mammals described in 1991

20464182

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlada%20Vukoi%C4%8Di%C4%87

Vlada Vukoičić

Vladimir "Vlada" Vukoičić (; born 2 June 1973) is a Serbian basketball coach for the Qingdao Eagles of the Chinese Basketball Association. Coaching career Vukoičić was 19 years old in 1994 when he began working as coach in KK FMP's youth system. He continued there until 2003 when he got promoted to the position of first team assistant coach. He worked under head coaches Aco Petrović, Vlade Đurović, and Boško Đokić. FMP Železnik Vukoičić's first head coaching appointment came in 2005 at FMP where he ended up spending two and a half seasons. He won the 2005–06 Adriatic League title with the club. Next year he led the team to the semifinals of the 2006–07 ULEB Cup and also won the Serbian Cup. He left the position on 14 January 2008. Hemofarm and Oostende in 2018 On 20 March 2008 KK Hemofarm brought Vukoičić in to replace Miroslav Nikolić. Vukoičić finished out the 2007–08 season at the club before moving on. In the summer of 2008, he was hired by Belgian team BC Oostende, but left in October. Bosna In early November 2008, Vukoičić agreed on terms with KK Bosna, six days after the team's previous head coach Alen Abaz resigned in late October following a loss at KK Budućnost Podgorica in the Adriatic League. Goran Šehovac assumed temporary charge for one game before Vukoičić took over with his Bosna debut taking place in Belgrade away at KK Crvena zvezda. Vukoičić led the Sarajevo team to the 7th place Adriatic League finish with an 11–15 overall win–loss season record. Under Vukoičić's command, KK Bosna had a 9–11 record. On 12 April 2009, following a Bosnia-Herzegovina league loss away at Borac Banja Luka, Vukoičić offered his resignation. It was not accepted, and he continued on as head coach. In late May 2009, during the Bosnian domestic league finals series, he signed a 4-year contract extension with the club. KK Bosna ended up losing the final series versus HKK Široki 0–2. Vukoičić started the 2009–10 season as head coach but was fired in early December 2009 following a 1–9 start in the Adriatic League, including a 50-point loss to KK Zadar. Mega Vizura In 2010, Vukoičić became head coach of KK Mega Vizura from Belgrade, in the Basketball League of Serbia. In his first season with the club, Mega Vizura finished the season's initial stage in 4th spot with 15-11 record thus qualifying for the final stage (Superliga) of the competition. That year, Mega Vizura finished in last place with 3-11 record. Crvena zvezda On 4 October 2012 he became head coach of the Serbian team Crvena zvezda, replacing recently fired Milivoje Lazić. Arriving to Crvena zvezda for Vukoičić meant getting reunited with Nebojša Čović whom he worked for over a decade in various capacities at FMP Železnik. On 15 April, days after a loss to Mega Vizura, Vukoičić's firing was announced while Dejan Radonjić who coached Adriatic League rivals KK Budućnost got named as replacement with club president Čović citing "obvious deterioration of form" as the reason for the change. MZT Skopje On 24 June 2013 he became head coach of the Macedonian basketball champion MZT Skopje. In December 2013 he resigned and was replaced with Zoran Martič. National team coaching Serbia youth teams In 2007, Basketball Federation of Serbia (KSS) named Vukoičić (at the time coaching FMP Železnik at club level) head coach of the Serbian under-20 national team for the upcoming European under-20 Championship in Slovenia and Italy. Despite losing their opening game versus co-hosts Slovenia, Vukoičić's team quickly got on track, winning all their games until the end, including the final versus Spain and defending the title. Four years later in 2011, Vukoičić, now coaching Mega Vizura at club level, was asked to coach the Serbian under-18 team at the Euro championships in Poland. Serbia full squad assistant coach In late summer 2012, ahead of the EuroBasket 2013 qualifying matches, Vukoičić joined the national team's coaching setup as one of the three assistants to Serbia national team's head coach Dušan Ivković. Serbia managed to qualify despite losing 5 matches including to the minnows, Estonia. See also List of Radivoj Korać Cup-winning head coaches References External links Profile on eurobasket.com 1973 births Living people ABA League-winning coaches BC Oostende coaches KK Bosna Royal coaches KK Crvena zvezda head coaches KK FMP (1991–2011) coaches KK Hemofarm coaches KK Mega Basket coaches Serbian expatriate basketball people in Belgium Serbian expatriate basketball people in Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbian expatriate basketball people in Bulgaria Serbian expatriate basketball people in China Serbian expatriate basketball people in North Macedonia Serbian expatriate basketball people in Lebanon Serbian men's basketball coaches

6899402

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindery

Bindery

Bindery refers to a studio, workshop or factory where sheets of (usually) paper are fastened together to make books, but also where gold and other decorative elements are added to the exterior of books, where boxes or slipcases for books are made and where the restoration of books is carried out. Different types of bindery • Perfect bound - The pages are collated and bound by glue with a hard or soft cover. • Saddle stitched - Four pages of the book is printed a single sheet, the sheets are collated, folded and bound by two or three staples along the folded spine. • Coil or spiral bound - Pages are collated, then a punch is used to crated holes on the binding edge. Next the pages are held together by a wire or plastic coil. Overview A large traditional hand bookbinding studio or workshop may be divided into areas for different tasks such as sewing, rounding and backing the spine, attaching the boards to the book and covering the book with cloth or leather. These processes are collectively called forwarding and would be carried out in the forwarding department. This area of the bindery would typically have equipment such as sewing frames, guillotines, board choppers for cutting boards used as covers, laying presses for holding books when being worked on and nipping presses for flattening paper, board, etc. Recently, some compact material have been developed, allowing the processing of almost all the operations. The process of decorating or titling a book with gold or other metals, and/or different colored pieces of leather, is called finishing and is carried out in the finishing room or department. In a hand bookbindery this area would house the dozens or hundreds of brass hand tools that are used to impress gold patterns and figures onto leather one at a time, as well as the finishing stoves needed to heat these tools. In a more modern or commercial bindery, many decorative elements or letters are stamped onto a book's cover or case at the same time by use of a hot press. Modern, commercial, bookbinding outfits range in size from the local "copy shop" book binder, using techniques such as coil binding, comb binding and velo binding to factories producing tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of volumes a day using such processes as perfect binding, saddle wire binding, and case binding. The term, bindery, especially in copy and print shops, has expanded to include other forms of paper finishing, such as paper drilling, lamination, and foamcore mounting. See also Bookbinding References Publishing Bookbinding Book arts Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage