Talk:Androgen insensitivity syndrome

message: I have a question about the location of the urethra (urine duct) in individuals with CAIS and other forms of AIS.  
In CAIS cases, the article makes clear that the individual has no functioning vagina (birth canal), and nothing which even remotely resembles a uterine cervix or uterine corpus (any part of a womb).  It also clearly mentions that instead of ovaries, said individual typically has a pair of undescended testes; and that his phallus resembles a normal clitoris.  
My question is about said individual's capacity to urinate.  Does excretion of urine occur through a duct which is completely separate from the phallus (as it would in a normal 46XX girl), or does it instead occur through a duct which permeates said phallus?  Also, if the latter is the case, does it allow for urination while standing?
--I couldn't help but notice how silent the article is on this topic.  Pine 05:25, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
replies: text: I thought the article was pretty clear that anatomy for CAIS was that of a female except absence of uterus and ovaries (which are not part of the urinary system). There is no penis, but a clitoris. The urethral opening is on the perineum anterior to the vagina as it normally is in females. The person is in all respects but the internal reproductive system a normal woman, and you clearly have not yet grasped the nature of this condition if you think of such a person as "he" just because of the chromosomes and gonads. Do you know what your chromosomes are? Would a surprise make you other than you are? Read it again and tell me if you can think of a way we can make that clearer. alteripse 12:04, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

text: Except that everyone with CAIS is a woman. There is no such thing as a "he" with CAIS. alteripse 00:18, 17 April 2007 (UTC)
replies: text: First of all, I cannot express how much ignorance you have for the very concept of gender, let alone medical definition of the concept. GENOTYPICALLY, these people are either male or hermaphrodites. PHENOTYPICALLY, most of these people will NEVER be FULLY female under THAT consideration, lacking the internal organs, and thus, to call ALL of them female despite NEVER classifying as female GENOTYPICALLY OR PHENOTYPICALLY is only the HIGHEST level of ignorance. Secondly, there IS such a thing as gender preference, and even if you, with your sexist view of the world, choose to view them as female, it is ultimately up to THE PERSON IN QUESTION whether they are male or female. Thirdly, to address the question above about urination, females are just as perfectly capable of peeing standing up as males, the problem is that it is a societal requirement for males to learn to pee standing up, and thus they learn to do so as children. Most women do not learn it is even possible until the learning capacity for many things has diminished significantly, and as thus it is harder for females to do so by habit. 96.227.89.33 (talk) 06:53, 26 February 2011 (UTC)
thread_title:  Location of urethra in CAIS and AIS individuals. 

message: I've carved out this sub-section to make clear a fundamental point.  There seems to be some conception that the purposes of images in this article or on wikipedia is to do something other than inform the reader.  This is false.  Wikipedia is not a support group.  We are not providing content to make people feel better (or worse, necessarily).  We don't want to add images or text gratuitously, but where images are necessary their inclusion will not be determined by whether or not they make a class of readers feel good or bad.  Repeated assertions of special knowledge (e.g. "you don't have AIS so you can't understand how these images make people feel") or demands that images be redacted or removed on the basis of sensitivity alone will eventually fall on deaf ears.  That is harsh, but I want to make sure everyone commenting here understands this right at the gate so you don't waste your time petitioning for an image removal that will not happen.  Let me reiterate.  It is not sufficient that you or anyone else is upset or angered over a particular image.  Images are added to wikipedia articles because they add necessary information that text or illustration could not.  They are removed only if they can be replaced by text or illustration.  If an image is both unnecessary and hurtful, it will be swiftly removed, but necessity is the critical component.  
Obviously these images are especially inflammatory for a variety of reasons, not least that medical imagery has not always been ethical, that images of genitalia are often deeply problematic, and that the variants of AIS occasionally carry a deep social stigma which support groups, medical professionals and individuals have fought to shake off.  However, each of these images contains a specific justification (found on the image preview page, if you click on the image you will see it), denoting the reason why the image is on the page it is on.  We require such a justification for non-free images in general, but these are particularly well reasoned.  Please take time to read these rationales and try to understand the perspective of the article authors in adding these images.  Assume good faith.  We aren't here to stigmatize or demonize people with a specific condition, nor are we here with an "axe to grind". Protonk (talk) 17:51, 3 November 2010 (UTC)
thread_title: Purpose of wikipedia and this article

message: This article has numerous grammatical errors.  If I had the time, I would fix them, but, alas, I put it on someone else.
In addition to potential errors around the mechanics of the english language, there is an active effort to use loaded language.  This is inappropriate and violates the spirit of the Wikipedia Living Biographies standard.
*I'm not sure what you mean.  If you found some grammatical errors but want other people to fix them, you might want to point out where they are.  Even after the split this is a relatively long article.  Also, what language in the article runs afoul of our policy on biographies of living persons? Protonk (talk) 17:36, 3 November 2010 (UTC)
thread_title:  Grammatical errors and inappropriate language 

message: How does AIS work with twins?
Identical and non?
Are they of equal sensitivity or is one more sensitive while the other is less?
71.173.20.108 (talk) 18:32, 15 February 2014 (UTC)
thread_title:  Twins 

message: I propose that Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) be merged into Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), with a redirect from CAIS to AIS. The scope of two is already the same, if you look at the current content. — soupvector (talk) 14:37, 2 April 2016 (UTC)
replies: text: thanks for the pointer. Based on content, the "careful split" that was proposed has not occurred - the AIS and CAIS articles overlap extensively. I won't object to a WP:SNOW closure if that's felt to be appropriate and expedient, but I don't think the current "solution" is working. — soupvector (talk) 20:01, 2 April 2016 (UTC)
replies: text: Thanks for your reply. I agree that there is too much overlap between the articles and I will try to reduce it. Boghog (talk) 06:04, 3 April 2016 (UTC)
thread_title:  Merger proposal (withdrawn) 

message: Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified  on Androgen insensitivity syndrome. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
*Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102127/http://guide.hfea.gov.uk/pgd/ to http://guide.hfea.gov.uk/pgd/
When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).
Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 11:52, 13 October 2016 (UTC)
thread_title:  External links modified 

message: I noticed y’all added these in to this article.
Chromosomal anomalies:
Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY karyotype)
Turner syndrome (45,XO karyotype)
Mixed gonadal dysgenesis (45,XO/46,XY karyotype)
Tetragametic chimerism (46,XX/46,XY karyotype)
Androgen biosynthetic dysfunction in 46,XY individuals:
Luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor mutations
Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (associated with intellectual disability)
Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia
3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency
17α-hydroxylase deficiency
17,20 lyase deficiency
17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
5α-reductase deficiency
Androgen excess in 46,XX individuals:
21-hydroxylase deficiency
3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency
Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency (disorder in mother causes 46,XX fetal virilization)
11β-hydroxylase deficiency
Aromatase deficiency
Glucocorticoid receptor mutations
Maternal virilizing tumor (e.g. luteoma)
Increased androgen exposure in utero, not otherwise specified (e.g. androgenic drugs)
Developmental
Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome (46,XX karyotype)
Swyer syndrome (46,XY karyotype)
XX gonadal dysgenesis (46,XX karyotype)
Leydig cell agenesis or hypoplasia, not otherwise specified (46,XY karyotype)
Absent (vanishing) testes syndrome
Ovotesticular DSD
Testicular DSD (i.e. 46,XX sex reversal)
Teratogenic causes (e.g. estrogens, antiestrogens)
Other causes:
Frasier syndrome (associated with progressive glomerulopathy)
Denys–Drash syndrome (associated with nephropathy and Wilms tumor)
WAGR syndrome (associated with Wilms tumor and aniridia)
McKusick–Kaufman syndrome (associated with postaxial polydactyly)
Robinow syndrome (associated with dwarfism)
Aarskog–Scott syndrome (associated with facial anomalies)
Hand-foot-genital syndrome (associated with limb malformations)
Popliteal pterygium syndrome (associated with extensive webbing behind knees)
Kallmann syndrome (often associated with anosmia)
Hypospadias not otherwise specified
Cryptorchidism not otherwise specified
vaginal atresia not otherwise specified
Adding theses is a little unrelated to the topic.CycoMa (talk) 18:10, 26 December 2020 (UTC)
thread_title:  Why are these in here?