Talk:Chinaman/Skookum1's sources

message: These items are reference resources for content discussion/development at Talk:Chinaman (racial term) and Talk:Chinaman.Skookum1 01:04, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

message: *Passage from book quoted in CHINOOK LISTSERVE archived discussions, the setting is a surveyors camp in Indian Arm:
Online book this is sourced from is Roper, Edward. "On the Fraser." By track and trail : a journey through Canada. London, England: W.H. Allen, 1891. 325.
**"Then there was Charlie, the cook, so called because his Chinese name was unpronounceable. He was a capital cook, indeed, and a most attentive servant;   as clean a Chinaman as I ever met. His bed, as I have mentioned, was in the cook-house. We used to go and look at it. He always kept it in perfect order;   had a feather pillow with him, and a looking-glass, and much more toilet apparatus than any of us considered necessary for ourselves. He was particularly nice in dress and person, and he always came up to the mark with a smile, though his language was mysterious; for he had thrown over "pigeon English" as low,   and now spoke what he called "ploppa Inglis." It was a mixture of certain words of our tongue, mispronounced, and "Chinook Jargon." But he well understood what we said to him, rarely made a mistake, and was a favorite with all of us."
*Pasage from Kamloops Wawa of August 1895, page 115 (see Kamloops Wawa:
**"A plain illustration of the usefulness of shorthand for Chinese, as well as for any other language, was given last winter in a Chinese store at Kamloops, where half-a-dozen Indian boys, conversant with the 'Wawa' shorthand, happened to be present at the same time.  The merchant was asked to name the numbers from one to ten in the Chinese language, which he did very willingly.  The   mames were at once written in short-hand characters, which the Indian boys read plainly and readily, to the admiration of the Chinese present.  The exercise was found so interesting, that the numeration in Chinese words was carried on from ten to one hundred.  Nicola Auxime, one of the boys, can now repeat the numbers as well as a Chinaman."
***NB this boy was named after Chief Nicola, father or grandfather of the then-chief Chilliheetza, and may have been Nicola's grandchild or great-nephew or some such relation.  The author of the passage above would be Father Lejeune, who popularized the shorthand system used in the Kamloops Wawa, which was a diocesal/community newsletter for the aboriginal Catholic flock centred on the Kamloops diocese.  Most of the Wawa is in shorthand; this would appear to have been written in English but I don't have a copy around here (there's some up at SFU, near me) to look up the edition and see if this might originally have been in Lejeune's fluent Chinook; but it does look more like something original English, as there's things there that would be hard to say in Chinook; although the original story recounted here was probably told to Lejeune in Chinook.  This is an example of "complimentary usage", like Twain's flattering mentions and also those from the personal interviews and travel diary cited so far.
*verses from period doggerel, partly in Chinook, CHINOOK AND CHINEE, An Alaskan Idyll By John S. Bugbee.  Appeared in the Alaska Searchlight, Juneau, AK, Saturday, Sept. 21, 1895, Chinook translations gratis by yours truly:
****"Nika hy-as sick tum-tum," Ket slowly replied.   ["I have a huge stomach ache, I feel really sick"]
******"Nika mamook row skookum for muck-a-muck chuck.   ["I'll row strong for food and drink", alternately "muck-a-muck chuck" can mean "to drink", i.e. "to ingest fluid/something to drink"]
****Spose you make nika potlatch kloon dolla beside."  ["Spose you give me of three dollars also" - "spose" is usually translated "if", but obviously not that here...).
******What he meant was: his heart with great sorrow was struck,
****But he'd paddle the Chinaman round like a duck
******For a three-dollar gift and a drink for good luck.
****"Ah! my sabe," said Ling, "it's all litee, my flend,
******But my likee to mixee li'l bit of your drink."
****For he thought the two liquors would make a fine blend.
******"Nika cumtux," said Ket, without stopping to think,   ["I understand"]
****Meaning he would agree, without paper or ink,
******And they shoved the canoe off as quick as a wink.
*De Armond, Robert N. "The USS Saginaw in Alaskan Waters, 1867-1868" Published as Alaska History No. 46 by the Limestone Press, Kingston, Ontario in 1997.
**"Page 90:  [Meigs:]  "The supposed 'Chinaman' is a Sitka Siwash."
***Interesting; A sitka siwash is an Alaskan variant of sitkum siwash, half-Indian, "halfbreed", and also like Siwash somewhat derogatory, though not entirely in areas with high native populations where it was a commonplace name for mixed bloods, or whatever the polite term is now (Metis have reserved that term for Metis-by-culture/descent connected with their origins in the Prairies, although under Canadian legal terminology it's supposed to be used for all of proven part-native descent, whether connected to the Prairie Metis culture or not; commenting on this because of the lack of a non-derisive/acceptable term instead of "halfbreed" or "mixed blood", which probably is also unacceptable to p.c.ism.  Anyway, the use here is ambiguous and both could be negative or passive, and given it's an American vessel it may be perhaps more a bit on the negative side concerning both Chinese-ness and native-ness (half-blood or othewise).
*Gwydir (linguist?) at Colville Reservation on CJ:
**"page 44-45:  “When [Colville Chief Tonasket] found a Chinaman on any of his ground or along the river bars, he would go up and catch him by the top of his head, and give him a kick and say ‘klatawa yyack’ (travel quick), which injunction the Chinaman would always obey and make tracks out of the country.”
*I was wrong about Ktunaxa; it must be another language from that area, maybe Nez Perce, that I remember it from, and I've seen it in others;  See the meesage with the ethnonym list in Kutenai and explanation if interested.
*comment by Chinookology webhost Jeffrey Kopp:
**"I am a bit delicate in my Web presentations in order to avoid attracting controversy to the Jargon, revising terms such as "Chinaman" to "Chinese," for example, when they appear in general context not referring specifically to actual usage in the frontier Jargon.  It's not inappropriate when presented in a historical context--but currently a very "hot button" for some.
***I've been ignoring my own posts to the Chinook Listserve out of natural courtesy and of-course-not-ness; but in this case he's partly talking about me - but also about "enemies" from talk.politics.tibet and the BC newsgroups who had secretly lobbied and defamed me to him and others in the Chinook group, but nobody in Chinook-L would even admit to it, because of the oh-my-goodness-me embarrassment/politically oversensitive purgings of Jeff's webpages - including edits of archival materials for new-language standards on otherwise archival-copy webpages (?! is that over-censorship or what?).  So normally I'd avoid any mention in sourcing CHINOOK-L of my own posts; but he's partly referring to me here, and in the aftermath now years later, knowing what I found out in the meantime about the skulduggery and cowardly pressure campaign that went on behind the scenes, courtesy CCP and KMT politicos who despised me for my support of Tibetan independence, and also of course my forthrightness on BC history and also of course my position on the usage/history=etymology of "Chinaman"); long story, including incredible and rather notorious flamewars.  All begun, by the way, off news items concerning the Jenny Kwan and Victor Yukmun Wong media campaigns about the word in the early '90s or late '80s or whenever; which if you have Pacific Press archives access I'm sure there's material on (ditto for Calgary papers about Ha Ling Peak).
*Ethnonym list and comments by Dave Robertson (currently Ph.D candidate in BC chinookology at U.Vic, or just graduated maybe?); previous item included for context:
***"A) Terry, viz. the entertaining origin of "Ethiopia" in ancient Greek geographical knowledge:  I recall it means "burnt skins" or "burnt land" or whatnot.
***B)  Without comment, here is the list of words for folks of various ethnicities in Father LeJeune's "Chinook Rudiments".  It's attributed, in its earliest form, to his superior, Bishop Durieu (?of Victoria, no?), 1879:
******Passayoox - "Frenchman" ["cloth person/people", i.e. cloth dealers, people who wear/brought cloth]
******kinjorj, Englishman ["King George"]
******Boston man, American
******Canada man,  Canadian
******Tlil telikom, niggers ["black man" - tlil or tlell or klale also meant dark blue]
******Tekop telikom, white men [lit. "white".  An available pun, tl'kope telikom which seems very plausible would be "sharp people", more meaning rude or dangerous than "smooth" mdash; klimmin as in kliminawhit, "liar"]
******Telikom, indians ["the people", kinsmen, family, friends; the speaker would be meaning his own tribe/community]
******Chinaman, Chinaman
******kanaka, kanak ["Hawaiian" - LeJeune's use of Kanak may be, perhaps, from French, because of the connection to French Melanesia etc.]
**"In LeJeune's own enumeration, we find
******Telikom, Natives 
******h'loima-telikom, other indians [i.e. than "us" in each case]
******pel telikom,	red people 
*******[lit. "red people", and red/pil/pel always implies or can mean the same as pil-pil, "blood", i.e. "blood people"; Lejeune is probably writing in shorthand here, as the transliterations ar those usual in D. Robertson's transcriptions of the KW', so there's an e-i leveling; usually pel is "skin/fur", although more commonly lapel telikom, so pel telikom *could* mean "skin/fur people", although in which case it seems more to mean the people who provide the pel, the skins/furs which were traded for the cloth goods of the Pasaiooks/Passayoox (French fur traders).  Blood/red is so much more obvious, but the duality is interesting; ambiguity is stock-in-trade in the CJ.
******Boston,  Americans
******Lejooip, Jews (from Fr. les juifs, le juif)
******Jap, Japs
***"FWIW, when folks got to thinking much about these things, some of 'em listed everything they'd ever heard said, I suppose.
*****This isn't to say that Father Lejeune and Bishop Durieu weren't racist pigs, likewise the little girl who like the guy who came to the door with ginger and lilies....
*Noting in passing that that CJ's accretiveness is amazing; imported neologisms were de rigeur inevitably leading to a blurring of the line between Chinook and English; I can't see, btw, "Chinese" being used in CJ, although "Chinee" maybe although localized traditinal-language name may have been completely indigenous, as in Ktunaxa is it turned out); but just in passing on another message Lejeune translated a news item about the Boxers into Chinook shorthand, and coined Boksirs (as transcr. from shorthand).  If I have time I'll look it up and see what he uses (I can read the shorthand, though with difficulty, unlike Dave R.).
This last example is a citation of Chinook Jargon usage; something that as noted was controversial in Chinook studies and even though evidence is here of its being part of the CJ, at least in BC, you'll have a hard time cornering one of the contemporary chinookology crowd to admit that it's a Jargon word, despite the evidence; they've purged Grand Ronde's version of the CJ of it, I don't know how recently the change was made, to China tillikums (polite for Americans, e.g. is Boston tillikums, although they use a spelling which comes out in ASCII-IPA as tIlIXEm, with the capital-E a schwa, and I don't know what the capital-I is; "ih-" I think.Skookum1 08:24, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
thread_title: Items from [http://lloyd.emich.edu/archives/chinook.html the Chinook Listserve]

message: *"Mun Sam AKA Chinaman Jake", Contract/wages dispute 1874, Admiralty case, Jefferson County
*Chinaman Jack, co-tried with John Sing Way, Defendants, Petit larceny, 1885, Pierce County  A prison record for a Chinaman Jack is also on file, also, in institutional records, in Seatco Prison at Bucoda WA, "receipt 1882" - if it's the same Chinaman Jack, which he may or may not be, he did time for three years awaiting trial, it would seem, so you'd hope not....not inconceivable in those times, but odd; must be a different guy.Skookum1 09:22, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
thread_title: Washington State Digital Archives

message: *Letter from Emily Carr to Ruth Humphrey, 1938-03-07, p.2
:::Things are all bursting out our having a Chinaman to dig soon seeds already in flower loves you know the green thing in the Penticton pot you gave me? 
::["Penticton" was overwritten, like she'd had trouble spelling/remembering it, as an unfamiliar word...she rarely went to the Interior)
:::Geez, makes you wonder about the seeds, and which green thing in which flowerpot from Penticton, and why the Chinese gardener liked it, too.  This interpretation influenced by the unpunctuated and very erratic handwriting of Mlle. Carr, which is worth a look (she's known for it, but this particular quote make you wonder why...)
*Letter, Emily Carr to Ruth Humphrey, 1943-08-00
:::A Chinaman responded but he was young
::I can't quite make out the sense of the rest — it begins "Been very busy and pretty groggy..."
:I imagine it may turn up here and there in Emily's writings, albeit more likely in older editions than more modern one.......hmmm, now about Pauline Johnson....yeah, I'm sure she uses it, I just don't own Legends of Vancouver anymore.Skookum1 10:18, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
thread_title: [[Emily Carr]] in [http://angel.library.ubc.ca/cdm4/search.php UBC Digital Collections]

message: ===The Chinese in California (collection)===
*main search
samples:
**BANC PIC 1995.012--STER E. & H.T. Anthony (Firm). "John Chinaman  on the rail road" [graphic: Union Pacific Rail Road [1867?]]
**BANC MSS 71/206 c . Morris, George B.,"The Chinaman as he is". [not before 1868] (book images) .
**Indenture of Atu, Chinaman  28 July 1849  [Atu is hired as a cook]
**Indenture of Awye, Chinaman  28 July 1849 . [Awye is hired as a tailor]
**Indenture of Ahine, Chinaman Aug. 1849 [Ahine is hired as a "coolie"]
*BANC PIC 1996.003--fALB :51a . China Town Squad in 1898. "L. to R. Standing - Phil Herrin - D. Campbell - D. Lyons - A. Say - M. Griffin. The Chinaman is Dong Gong or Dong Tying the Interperter [sic], and Sergt. Jas. Donovan - with Opium Pipe and Layout on the floor."
*http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb8g500625?&brand=oac BANC PIC 1996.003--fALB  8c . Ah You photographed in 1861]. "Ah You, Born in China, Age 23 years, weight 136, Height, 5 ft. 3 inches, complexion, copper coloured, Hair & eyes black, nose flat at the bridge, face full, number of small moles on right cheek, one mole on left side of neck, sent to Co. Jail, Nov. 22.61. for 90 days on charge of petit Larceny, arrested by Citizen John Nichols. [?] taken Nov. 22 [?]. This Chinaman was the first Chinese to be photographed in the Police Gallery when it was first opened in 1861 at San Francisco."
*AAS ARC 2000/19: fol. 16: gibson . "Chinaman or White Man, Which?: Reply to Father Buchard"  . 14 March 1873 (book image)
::"Rev. O. Gibson was requested to prepare an answer to the lecture delivered by Father Buchard, a Jesuit Priest, on "Chinamen or White man, which?" This text is the published version."
*BANC PIC 1905.04663-05242:04958. "A small army of Chinamen in a lettuce field" . 
*P-30CT (Catalog No). "Young Oroville Chinaman"
Cartoon/drawing captions:
*"California, having once relieved the  Chinaman, is now compelled to carry him around indefinitely."
*"Very Unlikely that a Chinaman Will Tell the Truth Under Oath."
*One card depicts westernized Chinese man on card to "Chinaman Reformer" Gibbson. (Valentine's Day card)
*"The Real Chinaman Who is at the Root of All Evil" -- meaning that machinization is the primary cause of labor woes."
*"How the Chinaman Goes It in San Francisco"
*"Is It Right for a Chinaman to Jeopard a White Man's Dinner?"
*Satirizes Custom-house officers, who a busy searching an lady's belongings, while "John Chinaman " smuggles opium off the ship.
*"The two provisions that justify a previous hit Chinaman next hit in coming to this country and securing a landing therein are the possession here of $1000 worth of property or the fact that he as a family already here."
*Commander Booth-Tucker: Commander Booth-Tucker of the Salvation Army led services among the Chinese recently, dressed as a Chinaman"
*"Passing of "Little Pete": The Funeral Rites Held Over a Famous Chinaman"
*A Legacy of Discord: Chinaman -- "You allee chop-chop me now, but welly soon forrin devil chop-chop forrin devil"
*"The Sloop 'Spray'" and "The Chinaman Jackalow" (Jackalow seems to have been famous crew, promoted with vessel, which was a racing sloop). (image is from Harper's Weekly)
*"John Chinaman in San Francisco"
*"Chinamen next hit Celebrating Their New-Year's Day in San Francisco" and "Alter in the Chinese Joss-House, San Francisco" 
*"The Chinaman's New-Year"
*"The Chinaman's New-Year"
*"How the previous hit Chinaman next hit Might Gain Favor"
**I noted the item right after that in the search catalogue: ""The Nigger Must Go," and "The Chinese Must Go"  - as an example of when "Chinaman" could have been used in a negative context, given the other negative word, but wasn't.  Not that that's proof of anything, but like the comparison of headlines-occurences in the Townsend Leader indicating "Chinese" was less used than "Chinaman" it's an indication that there's no necessary equation between "nigger" and "chinaman"; I see "chink" vs. "chinaman" has surfaced on the main talkpage, as it did long ago and in other discussions elsewhere; it's true HQG hasn't trotted it out to maintain chinaman is just as bad as chink, but sooner or later someone will.Skookum1 19:52, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
thread_title: [http://content.cdlib.org/search?relation=ark%3A%2F13030%2Ftf7r29p8s0&type=archival+collection&style=oac-ead&sectionType=&text=chinaman&institution-ignore.x=0&institution-ignore.y=0&institution-ignore=Search Online Archive of California (Bancroft Library)]

message: *main search
samples:
**BANC PIC 1995.012--STER E. & H.T. Anthony (Firm). "John Chinaman  on the rail road" [graphic: Union Pacific Rail Road [1867?]]
**BANC MSS 71/206 c . Morris, George B.,"The Chinaman as he is". [not before 1868] (book images) .
**Indenture of Atu, Chinaman  28 July 1849  [Atu is hired as a cook]
**Indenture of Awye, Chinaman  28 July 1849 . [Awye is hired as a tailor]
**Indenture of Ahine, Chinaman Aug. 1849 [Ahine is hired as a "coolie"]
*BANC PIC 1996.003--fALB :51a . China Town Squad in 1898. "L. to R. Standing - Phil Herrin - D. Campbell - D. Lyons - A. Say - M. Griffin. The Chinaman is Dong Gong or Dong Tying the Interperter [sic], and Sergt. Jas. Donovan - with Opium Pipe and Layout on the floor."
*http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb8g500625?&brand=oac BANC PIC 1996.003--fALB  8c . Ah You photographed in 1861]. "Ah You, Born in China, Age 23 years, weight 136, Height, 5 ft. 3 inches, complexion, copper coloured, Hair & eyes black, nose flat at the bridge, face full, number of small moles on right cheek, one mole on left side of neck, sent to Co. Jail, Nov. 22.61. for 90 days on charge of petit Larceny, arrested by Citizen John Nichols. [?] taken Nov. 22 [?]. This Chinaman was the first Chinese to be photographed in the Police Gallery when it was first opened in 1861 at San Francisco."
*AAS ARC 2000/19: fol. 16: gibson . "Chinaman or White Man, Which?: Reply to Father Buchard"  . 14 March 1873 (book image)
::"Rev. O. Gibson was requested to prepare an answer to the lecture delivered by Father Buchard, a Jesuit Priest, on "Chinamen or White man, which?" This text is the published version."
*BANC PIC 1905.04663-05242:04958. "A small army of Chinamen in a lettuce field" . 
*P-30CT (Catalog No). "Young Oroville Chinaman"
Cartoon/drawing captions:
*"California, having once relieved the  Chinaman, is now compelled to carry him around indefinitely."
*"Very Unlikely that a Chinaman Will Tell the Truth Under Oath."
*One card depicts westernized Chinese man on card to "Chinaman Reformer" Gibbson. (Valentine's Day card)
*"The Real Chinaman Who is at the Root of All Evil" -- meaning that machinization is the primary cause of labor woes."
*"How the Chinaman Goes It in San Francisco"
*"Is It Right for a Chinaman to Jeopard a White Man's Dinner?"
*Satirizes Custom-house officers, who a busy searching an lady's belongings, while "John Chinaman " smuggles opium off the ship.
*"The two provisions that justify a previous hit Chinaman next hit in coming to this country and securing a landing therein are the possession here of $1000 worth of property or the fact that he as a family already here."
*Commander Booth-Tucker: Commander Booth-Tucker of the Salvation Army led services among the Chinese recently, dressed as a Chinaman"
*"Passing of "Little Pete": The Funeral Rites Held Over a Famous Chinaman"
*A Legacy of Discord: Chinaman -- "You allee chop-chop me now, but welly soon forrin devil chop-chop forrin devil"
*"The Sloop 'Spray'" and "The Chinaman Jackalow" (Jackalow seems to have been famous crew, promoted with vessel, which was a racing sloop). (image is from Harper's Weekly)
*"John Chinaman in San Francisco"
*"Chinamen next hit Celebrating Their New-Year's Day in San Francisco" and "Alter in the Chinese Joss-House, San Francisco" 
*"The Chinaman's New-Year"
*"The Chinaman's New-Year"
*"How the previous hit Chinaman next hit Might Gain Favor"
**I noted the item right after that in the search catalogue: ""The Nigger Must Go," and "The Chinese Must Go"  - as an example of when "Chinaman" could have been used in a negative context, given the other negative word, but wasn't.  Not that that's proof of anything, but like the comparison of headlines-occurences in the Townsend Leader indicating "Chinese" was less used than "Chinaman" it's an indication that there's no necessary equation between "nigger" and "chinaman"; I see "chink" vs. "chinaman" has surfaced on the main talkpage, as it did long ago and in other discussions elsewhere; it's true HQG hasn't trotted it out to maintain chinaman is just as bad as chink, but sooner or later someone will.Skookum1 19:52, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
thread_title: The Chinese in California (collection)

message: Items turn out to be "search expired" when linked on; search "chinaman" to get these results:
*John Chinaman, Peter Ward (Anthro 100 text?)
*"Chinaman" - poems by David Mamet
*"The Real Chinaman", Chester B. Holcombe 1844
*"John Chinaman at home; sketches of men, manners and things in China.", Hardy, Edward John, Rev.
*"Letters from John Chinaman and other essays, with an introd. by E.M. Forster." Dickinson, G. Lowes (Goldsworthy Lowes), 1862-1932., NB intro by E.M. Forster
*"Letters from John Chinaman" (1948), Dickinson, Goldsworthy Lowes, 1862-1932. 
*Letters from John Chinaman" (1946), Dickson, Goldsowrthy Lowes, 1862-1932.
*Letters from John Chinaman" (1901), Dickson, Goldsowrthy Lowes, 1862-1932.
* "Ugly Chinaman and the crisis of Chinese culture / Bo Yang ; translated and edited by Don J. Cohn and Jing Qing." Po Yang, 1920
* Chinaman Pacific & Frisco R.R. Co. : short stories / by Frank Chin.
* As a Chinaman saw us : passages from his letters to a friend at home.
*Chinaman/Don'o Kim. by Don'O Kim, 1984.
* "Chinaman as we see him, and fifty years of work for him", by Rev. Ira M. Condit, D.D., Condit, Ira Miller, 1833-1915. (1900)
* Eat Everything Before You Die: A Chinaman in the Counterculture, Chan, Jeffery Paul. (2004)
*six other entries have "low" relevance, but may contain passages with "chinaman"; these include (w/o links):
**"Selected stories and sketches / Bret Harte ; edited with an introduction by David Wyatt."
**"Masculinity studies reader / edited by Rachel Adams and David Savran."
**"White Canada forever : popular attitudes and public policy toward orientals in British Columbia / W. Peter Ward."
**"Maxine Hong Kingston's The woman warrior : a casebook / edited by Sau-ling Cynthia Wong."
**"Folk songs of Portugal [sound recording].
**"3 masterpieces of Cuban drama / plays by Julio Matas, Carlos Felipe, and Virgilio Piñera ; translated from the Spanish and edited with an introduction by Luis F. González-Cruz and Ann Waggoner Aken.
End search UBC stacksSkookum1 20:36, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
thread_title: University of British Columbia library items

message: *From Letter Writing in America an essay on that site by Kathryn Burke:
:But sometimes the letters printed in the Defender served a more socially conscious purpose. One of these, dated August 26, 1916, responds to claims made by prominent black leaders that African Americans should remain in the south because of the many dangers associated with migration. The writer, W. J. Latham of Jackson, Mississippi, explains, “These letters give reasons why the Negro should stay in the south, but none of them give any good reason why our people should not go as the Chinaman, the Japanese, the Italian, the Pole, the Scandinavian and other foreigners who come to America for work have.” After detailing the poor working conditions in the south at that time, Latham goes on to describe his vision of what migration means for the African American citizen/:
::Note that Chinaman is used in the same context as Japanese, Italian, Pole and Scandinavian, i.e. it is used as a proper name, not as a derisive (there are derisives for each other others - Jap, Wop, Pollack, Scandahoovian and/or "Swede").Skookum1 18:49, 26 March 2007 (UTC)
thread_title: US Nat'l Postal Museum - Letters of the Great Migration and the Depression

message: There is only one remaining "Chinaman placename" in Canada:
Geographical Names of Canada online database:
*Chinaman Island, Manitoba Location 26-67-23-W NTS topo 063K15
It remains common in the United States, however, as a USGS search on topozone.com for "chinaman" demonstrates (the second item in each listing is the county; after the "type" - bay,summit etc - is the elevation, then the name of the USGS quad, following by the latitude-longitude):
*Chinaman Bayou, Lafourche, LA, bay, unknown, Bay Courant, 29.300ºN 90.336ºW
*Chinaman Bluff, Juneau, WI, summit, 1040 feet, Camp Douglas, 43.933ºN 90.280ºW
*Chinaman Coulee, Williams, ND, valley, unknown, Williston East, 48.187ºN 103.604ºW
*Chinaman Cove, Lewis and Clark, MT, bay, unknown, Canyon Ferry, 46.651ºN 111.709ºW
*Chinaman Cove Campground, Lewis and Clark, MT, locale, 3780 feet, Canyon Ferry, 46.651ºN 111.709ºW
*Chinaman Creek, Tuolumne, CA, stream, unknown, Strawberry, 38.201ºN 120.081ºW
*Chinaman Diggings, Lincoln, NV, mine, unknown, Bristol Range SE, 38.093ºN 114.623ºW
*Chinaman Flat, Pima, AZ, flat, unknown, Agua Dulce Mountains, 32.122ºN 113.194ºW
*Chinaman Gulch, Chaffee, CO, valley, 8000 feet, Buena Vista East, 38.809ºN 106.081ºW
*Chinaman Gulch, Meagher, MT, valley, unknown, Charcoal Gulch, 46.726ºN 110.800ºW
*Chinaman Hat, Josephine, OR, summit, 3559 feet, York Butte, 42.432ºN 123.871ºW
*Chinaman Hat, Wasco, OR, summit, 3623 feet, Hastings Peak, 44.993ºN 120.549ºW
*Chinaman Hat, Culberson, TX, summit, 4670 feet, Guadalupe Pass, 31.771ºN 104.795ºW
*Chinaman Hill, Chouteau, MT, summit, 3114 feet, Fort Benton, 47.865ºN 110.739ºW
*Chinaman Hills, Hidalgo, NM, range, unknown, Hilo Peak, 31.449ºN 108.607ºW
*Chinaman Lagoon, Aleutians East, AK, bay, unknown, Port Moller C-6, 55.524ºN 161.696ºW
*Chinaman Lake, Beltrami, MN, lake, 1355 feet, Decker Lake, 47.628ºN 94.462ºW
*Chinaman Mine, Elko, NV, mine, unknown, Blanchard Mountain, 41.682ºN 114.705ºW
*Chinaman Slough, Valdez-Cordova (CA), AK, stream, unknown, Cordova C-2, 60.679ºN 144.730ºW
*Chinaman Spring, Teton, WY, spring, unknown, Old Faithful, 44.442ºN 110.831ºW
*Chinaman Tank, Gila, AZ, reservoir, unknown, McFadden Peak, 33.922ºN 110.890ºW
*Chinaman Trail, Grant, OR, trail, unknown, Olive Lake, 44.801ºN 118.560ºW
*Chinamans Arch, Box Elder, UT, arch, unknown, Lampo Junction, 41.628ºN 112.493ºW
*Chinamans Canyon, Las Animas, CO, valley, unknown, Madrid, 37.229ºN 104.698ºW
*Chinamans Dinner Dam, Chouteau, MT, dam, unknown, Rice Reservoir, 47.642ºN 110.832ºW
*Chinamans Hat, Washington, ID, summit, 6180 feet, Monroe Butte, 44.543ºN 117.034ºW
*Chinamans Hat, Golden Valley, MT, summit, 4171 feet, Progress, 46.214ºN 109.528ºW
*Chinamans Hat, Kittitas, WA, summit, 3718 feet, Colockum Pass SE, 47.026ºN 120.251ºW
*Chinamans Spring, Silver Bow, MT, spring, unknown, Ramsay, 46.017ºN 112.699ºW
Evidently the US renaming campaign was not as thorough as that in Canada.  NB some of these placenames, whether branded as derogatory or not, are in National Parks - e.g. Chinmaman Spring, which is in Grand Teton National Park.Skookum1 19:47, 26 March 2007 (UTC)
thread_title: Placenames

message: ==="Chinaman" search
*     *Chinaman's Peak: Walking the Mountain (film, 1992), by Paul Wong (link is to summary on Nat'l Archives or Canada)
*Chinaman Lake, Peace River District - though not on GeoNames Database anymore, the filerecord of this now-abolished placename remains; another entry exists also:
*Chinaman Lake, Peace River District - apparently here indicating also that the name of the NTS topo for the area was also "Chinaman Lake".  This is the same lake that, from what I heard, did not involve Chinese settler history but a British guy whose family had been in the china trade....
*The ugly Chinaman and the crisis of Chinese culture / Bo Yang ; translated and edited by Don J. Cohn and Jing Qing (Chou lou de Zhongguo renin the original Chinese title - NB the equivalency of "Chinaman" and "Zhongguo ren", if that's what is; if Hong could translate this title it might be helpful, .e. if Chou lou turns out to be the Chinaman equivalent here, and hongguo ren in syntactical contexts if the ref to Chinese culture overall)
* Chinaman - If Chinaman may come to Canada from British Guiana to study medicine, without paying tax, 1897
*  Fine in case of Chinaman Ding Laun for supplying liquor to Indians - Disposition of, 1909
* Calgary - Disturbance in connection with Chinaman at, 1892
* WILLIAMS LAKE AGENCY - INDIAN NAMED BASIL CHARGED WITH THE MURDER OF A CHINAMAN
* LYTTON AGENCY - FINE IMPOSED ON AH HUP (HIP), A CHINAMAN, FOR TREPASSING ON THE TOWINOCK RESERVE
* Accident where injury occurred - Foo Loo, Chinaman, injured at a point one mile east of Coalmont, British Columbia, July 21, 1920, Kettle Valley Railway, 1920
*Power of magistrate to suspend sentence in summary conviction case - If Chinaman Ham Hen may be rearrested - From the Department of Health, 1923
*  If boat of Chinaman containing illegally caught salmon may be confiscated - From the Department of Marine, 1923
* Deportation of Chinaman Leuey Taw claiming to be a naturalized Canadian - From Department of the Interior, 1912
* If Chinaman can be rejected by Immigration Officers after paying head tax - From Superintendent of Immigration, 1909
*Claim of H. and A. Allan for refund of penalty imposed for illegally allowing Chinaman to land - From Department of Trade and Commerce, 1906-07
*Audit Act - If Chinaman may be refunded capitation tax if not absent from the country beyond the time limit - From Trade and Commerce Department, 1906-07
*  Department of the Interior - [Letter from chief medical inspector re detention of Chinaman in British Columbia and decision of Judge Morrison]
* F.O. MacLean - Lethbridge - Administration of oath to Chinaman, 1934
*  Department of Pensions and National Health - Inadequate bail in narcotic drug cases - Case of John Lee, Chinaman, 1930
*R.C.M.P. - Disposition of 100 paid by Chinaman to Sergt. Fripps, 1929
* Mrs. F.E. Blizzard - Seattle, Washington - For annulment of marriage of her daughter Edith Degorgia with a Chinaman, 1918
* Hough, Campbell and Ferguson - Winnipeg - Disposal of estate of Joe Samely, deceased intestate Chinaman, 1918
*Stanley Carr - Kerrisdale, British Columbia - Inadequate sentence imposed on Chinaman who seduced girl of fourteen, 1911
* John Cunningham - Winnipeg - Reported outrage on a Chinaman by a mounted police constable, 1912
* Berteau and Howley - St. Johns Newfoundland - Passage of Chinaman Wah Lung to China through Canada, 1906
* Trade and Commerce - Liability of A.N. Patterson - Collector of Customs at Sheep Creek for costs of prosecution brought against him by a Chinaman, 1899
*Customs Department - Ottawa - Asking whether Chinaman holding Canadian Naturalization papers and whom was absent from Canada at time the Chinese Restriction Act was passed is subject to payment of head tax on his return to Canada, 1885
* Deputy Superintendent General of Indian Affairs - Ask information regarding the disposal of a fine imposed upon a Chinaman in New Westminster for keeping a house of prostitution for Indian women, 1882
*  Lethbridge - Anonymous letter from Chinaman re a gambling house, 1907
*  Vidler, George - Alleged murder of, by Lee Hen, a Chinaman, 1914
* 8) E. Emanuel wanted for embezzlement. 9) Crimes & criminals; Funk, Frank William, wanted for murder at Washington, D.C. 10) Carter, Merchant of Rosthern paying accounts with worthless cheques. 11) Queen vs. Billingham, Fort Saskatchewan. 12) Theft of wheat from elevator at Caron. 13) Concealment of Annette Shaw, a fugitive from Justice, in car, 1898
*  Blairmore - Murder of Waugh Sing, a Chinaman by his brother at, 1908
* Lethbridge - Saddlery, the property of the Dept. of Militia, found in the possession of a Chinaman at, 1907
* Wiseman, Cons. P. - Money sent to, by Department of Inland Revenue as share of penalty in connection with seizure of tobacco. Suspected smuggling of tobacco by Mrs. A.B. Hoaglin and Chow Sain, a Chinaman, 1907
* Sintaluta - Murder of Stanley Ross by a Chinaman named Lia Bang at, 1905-06
* Allen, Thomas - Theft of gold watch from Chinaman Lai-Men, 1904
*Cheques, Departmental, in favour of Ling (Chinaman) - Disposition of, 1899
* A Chinaman helps to dig the Canadian Official Photographer's car out of a drift. December, 1917
* Muleteers, Boland's Pack Train. (Left to right):Chinaman, Siwash, Mexican, 1899
* "OH, MR. LI, IN TIMES LIKE THIS IT MUST BE SO WONDERFUL TO BE A CHINAMAN INSTEAD OF A JAP.", (drawing: Scope and content: a large cartoon rough depicting a naïve woman at a cocktail making what could only be construed as racist comments 
*"Chinaman", one print from 1933 items from the Andrew Merrilees collection contained in 8 scrapbooks and 2 miscellaneous collections, dated ca. 1800-ca. 1970.
*London Illustrated News article: Echoes from London, 1883:
::THE Marquis Tseng says he does not understand the rage for old china. Why the French, for example, should prefer Chinese embroidery and porcelain to their own, which are daily improving in quality, he cannot understand. It is natural enough that old China should not be inestimably precious in the eyes of a Chinaman. He is able to see that in many respects the bric-â-brac [sic] of Europe is superior to the cups and saucers of his own country. But fashion has ordained that Chinese ware shall be chic, and the Marquis Tseng notwithstanding, people will continue to live up to their Chinese teapots.Skookum1 22:45, 26 March 2007 (UTC)
replies: text: -It would be interesting to see usages in the return correspondence from the Chinese Consul and other Chinese govt agencies in this period.....
*Chinese Consul - Ottawa - Authority of Consul Gen [General to receive assets of deceased intestate Chinamen], 1916-1929
*Chinese Consul - Ottawa - Authority of Consul Gen [General to receive assets of deceased intestate Chinamen], 1916-1929
*Department of Immigration and Colonization - Procedure re habeus corpus and certiorari applications re Chinamen, 1923
*Department of Health - Fines imposed by Mag. [Magistrate Clute on sundry Chinamen for infraction of the Opium and Narcotic Drug Act], 1921
*Chinese Consul - Ottawa - Authority of Consul Gen [General to receive assets of deceased intestate Chinamen], 1916-1929
*R.C.M.P. - Claims of Chinamen for damages by raids on 113 and 115 Clarke St., Montreal, 1926
*Paul C. Quinn - St. John, New Brunswick - Re two Chinamen in gaol for smuggling opium, 1924
*J.W.A. Cote - Montreal - Offering information regarding smuggling of Chinamen across the border, 1916
*Department of the Interior - If naturalization of Chinamen improves their status under Chinese Immigration Act, 1913
*S. Dolyn - Melville, Saskatchewan - Legality of employment of white girls by Chinamen, 1913
*Finance Department - If Chinamen's bond for issue of duplicate cheque may be accepted, 1912
*Finance Department - Fines imposed on Chinamen at Sydney - Claims for refunds, 1908
*Department of Trade and Commerce - Arrival of Chinamen in Woodstock, N.B. without paying Capitation Tax, 1908
*Assistant Attorney General - Quebec - Chinamen confined at Montreal by Canadian Pacific Railway Co. on account of disagreement, 1887-1904
*Under Secretary of State - Case of Fred Beaune American citizen of Montreal accused of extorting money from Chinamen, 1902
*Department Argiculture - Claim of Ah Hoy and other Chinamen for value of clothes lost at the William Head Quarantine, 1900
*Inspection of Penitentiaries - Confession made by convict Brown regarding the murder by him of two Chinamen, 1897
*Party of Chinamen being driven across the line, 1893
*Union Colliery Company of British Columbia Vs. Bryden et al. P.C., 1899. Report of P.C. Case Concerned Employment of Chinamen, 1899
End of "Chinamen" search results at Nat'l Archives.  Can't be certain as documents catalogued here are not necessarily online, but it looks as though "Chinamen" is to be found in the titles/contents of letters addressed/correspondence either by or to the Chinese Consul.....Skookum1 18:24, 27 March 2007 (UTC)
thread_title: National Archives of Canada

message: 33 results in total:
*Chinamen - Information re: drilling of, in Western Canada, 1916
* COMPLAINT OF CHINESE CONSUL GENERAL, OTTAWA, OF POLICE RAIDS ON PREMISES OF CHINAMEN IN SAULT STE. mARIE, ONTARIO, 1915
*Accident where injury occurred - Ninety-four Chinamen, injured at North Bay Subdivision, Ontario, January 15, 1918, Canadian Pacific Railway, 1918
*Newapaper and Refreshment Facilities - The Canadian Northern Railway Company - Food Supply for Chinamen Travelling in Bond, 1918 
*If Chinamen sailing from Montreal to Brazil may be readmitted upon their return - From the Department of the Interior, 1911
* Wishing to bring from United States of America certain Chinamen as witnesses in extradition proceedings for manslaughter - From T.D. Cowper, County Crown Attorney, 1908
*Trade and Commerce Department - Power of governor to limit the outgoing ports for Chinamen passing through Canada, 1907
*Department of Trade and Commerce - Special bond for Chinamen arriving at St. John from Manchester, 1905
*Capitation tax on Chinamen entering Yukon Territory - From Department of Trade and Commerce, 1904
*Department of Pensions and National Health - Re arrest of 2 chinamen at Nelson for deportation, habeus corpus proceedings, 1929
*Trade and Commerce - Expenses of Customs Collector Hamel in connection with arrest and detention of three chinamen at St. Hyacinthe, 1896
*Secretary of State - If Chinamen Wong Cheeping and Hum Wah Ling require certificates of Indentification from Canada to enter United States Territories, 1892
*Department of Trade and Commerce - For draft amendment to the Chinese Immigration Act to allow the Canadian Pacific Railway Co. and their steamships to give bonds for transport of chinamen in place of depositing cash, 1905 
*Chinese Consul - Ottawa - Authority of Consul Gen [General to receive assets of deceased intestate Chinamen], 1916-1929 
:::-It would be interesting to see usages in the return correspondence from the Chinese Consul and other Chinese govt agencies in this period.....
*Chinese Consul - Ottawa - Authority of Consul Gen [General to receive assets of deceased intestate Chinamen], 1916-1929
*Chinese Consul - Ottawa - Authority of Consul Gen [General to receive assets of deceased intestate Chinamen], 1916-1929
*Department of Immigration and Colonization - Procedure re habeus corpus and certiorari applications re Chinamen, 1923
*Department of Health - Fines imposed by Mag. [Magistrate Clute on sundry Chinamen for infraction of the Opium and Narcotic Drug Act], 1921
*Chinese Consul - Ottawa - Authority of Consul Gen [General to receive assets of deceased intestate Chinamen], 1916-1929
*R.C.M.P. - Claims of Chinamen for damages by raids on 113 and 115 Clarke St., Montreal, 1926
*Paul C. Quinn - St. John, New Brunswick - Re two Chinamen in gaol for smuggling opium, 1924
*J.W.A. Cote - Montreal - Offering information regarding smuggling of Chinamen across the border, 1916
*Department of the Interior - If naturalization of Chinamen improves their status under Chinese Immigration Act, 1913
*S. Dolyn - Melville, Saskatchewan - Legality of employment of white girls by Chinamen, 1913
*Finance Department - If Chinamen's bond for issue of duplicate cheque may be accepted, 1912
*Finance Department - Fines imposed on Chinamen at Sydney - Claims for refunds, 1908
*Department of Trade and Commerce - Arrival of Chinamen in Woodstock, N.B. without paying Capitation Tax, 1908
*Assistant Attorney General - Quebec - Chinamen confined at Montreal by Canadian Pacific Railway Co. on account of disagreement, 1887-1904
*Under Secretary of State - Case of Fred Beaune American citizen of Montreal accused of extorting money from Chinamen, 1902
*Department Argiculture - Claim of Ah Hoy and other Chinamen for value of clothes lost at the William Head Quarantine, 1900
*Inspection of Penitentiaries - Confession made by convict Brown regarding the murder by him of two Chinamen, 1897
*Party of Chinamen being driven across the line, 1893
*Union Colliery Company of British Columbia Vs. Bryden et al. P.C., 1899. Report of P.C. Case Concerned Employment of Chinamen, 1899
End of "Chinamen" search results at Nat'l Archives.  Can't be certain as documents catalogued here are not necessarily online, but it looks as though "Chinamen" is to be found in the titles/contents of letters addressed/correspondence either by or to the Chinese Consul.....Skookum1 18:24, 27 March 2007 (UTC)
thread_title: "Chinamen" search

message: Some passages from such books are from original sources and will be quoted separately; passages here are for local/folk historians whose own writing includes the use of "Chinaman" or "Chinamen".
:The Mexican muleteers were tough happy men, scoffing at hardships and disaster which were often their lot.  They along with the Negroes, Chinamen, Indians. and countless other nationalities, added color and life around the night campfires and cabin stoves.  They boasted of their strength and endurance on the trails, and often cheered their fellow travellers with their music and songs.
:Some of the prospectors hired the Indians and Chinamen to help with their loads when they could afford it.  Chinese packers were a common sight, balancing their burdens on long poles on their shoulders.
:By the next year [1860] it was soon found that the pack trains could not possibly carry enough supplies for the needs of the hordes of nmienrs on the Upper Fraser and the Cariboo.  When a wagon road was finally built, oxen and horses reaplced most of the mule pack trains.
::From "Packing the Early Trails" section in Short Portage to Lillooet, Irene Edwards, self-publ. Lillooet BC 1976 (no page no.s).
:::Mrs. Edwards is speaking of the Douglas Road and the River Trail/Old Cariboo Road; 500 Mexican mules and their muleteers were brought in for freighting companies, along with those infamous camels brought in by Frank Laumeister (who lost his shirt, and his camels).  Mrs. Edwards was born in Fort Fraser and ran the stores in D'Arcy and Short/Seton Portage for years.  I knew her, she wasn't a racist...(she'd lived among native most of her life, and in the D'Arcy-Seton-Lillooet area she also had Japanese as customers and friends, and likely what Chinese were still there too...as Dr. Miyazaki said about the area "you can't be a racist and stay in Lillooet very long".  Well, nowadays you can, but not back in those days, when people needed each other and lived on much closer personal quarters than in the post-mediafied, post-vehicular age...which is one reason "antique" or "quaint" or "archaic" words survive in such places (and as it still happens to survive today).Skookum1 01:33, 27 March 2007 (UTC)
thread_title: From BC/PacNW local histories

message: Many of the texts in ECO, aka canadiana.org, are in simple image form and so unsearchable for text strings, e.g. JB Kerr's Biographical Sketches (cited on Francis Stillman Barnard for one), but a search for "chinaman" on ECO turned up records mdash; 1085 pages in 247 documents — of committee debates and other official government documents as well as other materials.  Repeated documents of different sessions etc are omitted.  It was inevitable that this list would include many important 19th Century historical sources like Lord Dufferin's trip or the stuff connected to Sandford Fleming because of the general currency of "Chinaman" in contemporary Canadian/British Columbian usage in the 19th Century.  Some entries, particularly from the Maritimes and one in particular from 1824, may be in reference to the china trade/ships as opposed to Chinese people but I haven't read through them yet (all texts are complete online):
*Sessional papers of the Dominion of Canada : volume 11, third session of the fifth Parliament, session 1885
**Numerous entries for titles resembling this one, from different sessions; only this one is listed here.
*Report of the Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration : report and evidence, 1885
**An important source for History of Chinese immigration to Canada.
*Journals of the House of Commons of the Dominion of Canada from the 13th February to the 15th May, 1879 ... being the 1st session of the 4th Parliament of Canada, session 1879
**Numerous entries for titles resembling this one, from different sessions; only this one is listed here.
*Debates of the Senate of the Dominion of Canada, 1887 : first session, sixth Parliament
**Numerous entries under Debates of the Senate; only this one is listed here
*Daughters of the Dominion : a story of the Canadian frontier by Bessie Marchant, 1862-1941
* Canadian camp life, Herring, Frances E. (Frances Elizabeth), 1851-1916, T.F. Unwin, London (1900)
*The sea of mountains : an account of Lord Dufferin's tour through British Columbia in 1876 by St. John, Molyneux, 1838-1904, publ. Hurst and Blackett, London, 1877.
*The Canadian journal [New ser. [v. 2, no. 9 (May 1857)]]
*Ocean to ocean : Sandford Fleming's expedition through Canada in 1872 : being a diary kept during a journey from the Atlantic to the Pacific with the expedition of the engineer-in-chief of the Canadian Pacific and Intercolonial railways by Grant, George M. (George Monro), 1835-1902, publ. J Campbell, Toronto, 1873
*The path of a star by Duncan, Sara Jeannette, 1861-1922, publ. W. Gage, Toronto, 1899
*The Earl of Elgin by 	Wrong, George M., 1860-1948, publ. G.N. Morang, Toronto, 1906.
*Hilda : a story of Calcutta by Duncan, Sara Jeannette, 1861-1922, publ. F.A. Stokes, New York, ca.1898
*mpressions of a tenderfoot during a journey in search of sport in the far west by Susan Margaret McKinnon St. Maur, Duchess of Somerset, publ. J. Murray, London 1890.
*Letters and journals of James, eighth Earl of Elgin, publ. J. Murray, London 1872
*Newfoundland to Cochin, China : by the golden wave, new Nippon, and the Forbidden City by Vincent, Howard, Mrs., 1861-1952, publ. Sampson Low, Marston & Co., London, 1892.
*From Ontario to the Pacific by the C.P.R. by Spragge, Arthur, Mrs., 1854-1932, publ. C.B. Robinson, 1887
*A social departure : how Orthodocia and I went round the world by ourselves by Duncan, Sara Jeannette, 1861-1922, publ. 	Chatto & Windus, London, 1890.
*An autobiographical sketch of a teacher's life : including a residence in the northern and southern states, California, Cuba and Peru by Miss Holt, publ. Quebec 1875
*Eighth report on the north-western tribes of Canada publ "The Association", London 1892?
*Memoirs of a professional lady nurse by Stannard, M. publ. Simpkin, Marshall, London, 1873
*Chronicles of the builders of the commonwealth : historical character study, Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 1832-1918, publ. History Co., San Francisco, 1891
*The instructor for Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island [Vol. 3, no. 3 (Mar. 1860) (imprint [Bay Verte, N.B.? : s.n., 1860] - possible a maritime/ship reference given location/date
*On Canada's frontier : sketches of history, sport, and adventure and of the Indians, missionaries, fur-traders, and newer settlers of western Canada by Ralph, Julian, 1853-1903, publ. J.R. Osgood, London 1892.
*Our own country : Canada, scenic and descriptive : being an account of the extent, resources, physical aspect, industries, cities and chief towns of the provinces of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, the North-West Territory and British Columbia, with sketches of travel and adventure by Withrow, W. H. (William Henry), 1839-1908, publ W.R. Briggs, Toronto, 1889
*The simple adventures of a memsahib by Duncan, Sara Jeannette, 1861-1922, publ. D. Appleton, New York, 1893
*Through Canada with a Kodak by Ishbel Gordon, Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair, 1857-1939. publ. W.H. White, Edinburgh, 1893
*The American baron : a novel by De Mille, James, 1833-1880, publ. Harper, New York, 1892
*Athabasca Bill : a tale of the Far West by Marchant, Bessie, 1862-1941, publ. Sheldon Press, London (19--)
*Between earth and sky and other strange stories of delivrance by Thomson, Edward William, 1849-1924, publ. W. Briggs, Toronto, 1897
*The British American cultivator [New ser. v. 1, no. 11 (Nov. 1845)], Toronto : Eastwood & Co, [1845]
*Canada and its vast undeveloped interior by Fleming, Sandford, Sir, 1827-1915. [S.l. : s.n., 1878?]
*The Canada farmer [Vol. 12, no. 9 (Sept. 15, 1875)] and other issues from  1867
*Canada's El Dorado by Ralph, Julian, 1853-1903.[S.l. : s.n., 1889?]
*Canada, historical and descriptive, from sea to sea by Adam, G. Mercer (Graeme Mercer), 1839-1912, publ. W. Bryce, Toronto, 1888
*Canadian agriculturist [Vol. 3, no. 11 (Nov. 1851)], publ. W. McDougall, Toronto 1851
*The Canadian independent [Vol. 6, no. 5 (Nov. 1859)] publ. MacLear, Toronto 1859
*The Canadian journal [New ser. [v. 11, no. 63 (July 1866)]] Toronto : Printed for the Canadian Institute by Lovell and Gibson, 1866
*Canadian mechanics magazine and Patent Office record [Vol. 5, no. 1 (Jan. 1877), Montréal : Burland-Desbarats Litho. Co., 1877?; and another issue from April of the same year and another in [http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/ItemRecord/8_04864_29?id=eaaf843153313cb8 May 1878
*The Canadian naturalist and geologist [Vol. 8, no. 5 (Oct. 1863)] Montréal : Dawson Bros., 1863
*The Canadian naturalist and quarterly journal of science [New ser. v. 8, no. 1 (Nov. 1875)] Montreal : Dawson Bros., 1875 and also March 1879 and October 1874
*The Canadian senator, or, A romance of love and politics by Oakes, Christopher, publ. National Pub. Co., Toronto (1890?)
*The Christian  [Vol. 4, no. 11 (Nov. 1848)] publ.  W.W. Eaton Saint John, N.B. [1848] and also another issue from July 1848
*Church chronicle for the Diocese of Montreal [Vol. 1, no. 11 (Mar. 1861)] publ. J. Lovell, Montréal, 1861
*Colonization circular ... no. 31, 1872, Great Britain. Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners, publ. Groombridge, London 1870.
*Diary of the Christie party's trip to the Pacific coast by Munro, W. F. (William F.), publ. C.M. Ellis, Toronto (1897?)
*Documents de la session [Vol. 19, no. 1 (1886) - note this is a French document; this is the only one of several in the search that, like other government debates of similar titles, are listed here only once.
* Evidences of ancient civilization in America : constituting a lecture delivered on behalf of the Mechanics' Institute on Tuesday, 1st of March, 1870 by Bessey, W. E. (William E.) publ. Mechanics' Institute of Guelph,	Guelph [Ont.], 1870.
*The first landing on Wrangel Island : with some remarks on the northern inhabitants by Rosse, Irving C. (Irving Collins), 1842-1901. publ. New York, 1883
*Five months' fine weather in Canada, western U.S., and Mexico by Carbutt, E. H., Mrs. publ. Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, London, 1889.
*A general history and collection of voyages and travels, arranged in systematic order : forming a complete history of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest ages to the present time by Kerr, Robert, 1755-1813, publ. W. Blackwood, Edinburgh, 1824
***NB the very early date: worth a read to examine context, could be china trade reference
*A gentle benefactress by Colter, Hattie E., fl. 1866. publ. D. Lothrop, Boston, c1892.
*The great fur land, or, Sketches of life in the Hudson's Bay territory by Robinson, H. M. (Henry Martin), 1845-1907. publ. G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1879.
Finished Page 13 of 25 in the search results; to be continued.Skookum1 22:54, 27 March 2007 (UTC)
thread_title: From [http://www.canadiana.org/eco.php Early Canadian Online]