Talk:Ghrelin

message: There is mention on the Obestatin page that Obestatin be merged with Ghrelin.  I strongly disagree.  It is true that they are both coded on the same gene, but they are distinct in their action.  I see nothing that justifies their being merged.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.15.92.103 (talk) 17:22, 6 June 2008 (UTC)
replies: text:  Agreed  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.101.89.179 (talk) 12:29, 8 June 2008 (UTC)
thread_title: Merge?

message: it is my understanding the levels of ghrelin present in the plasma of obese individuals is low ccompared to the amount present in lean individuals.
:Ghrelin levels in the plasma of obese individuals are lower than those in leaner individuals.  Ghrelin levels low -> low stimulation of appetite -> individual eats less -> individual tends to be leaner than comparable group... I too must say it seems illogical that persons with low Ghrelin levels tend to be obese. --Abdull 15:52, 25 May 2006 (UTC)
replies: text: Just a thought; deep sleep is linked to HGH production, and Ghrelin increases HGH production. HGH increases metabolism and reduces fat. --76.175.199.3 (talk) 06:39, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

text: "What is known is that ghrelin promotes weight gain and fat storage through its metabolic actions, decreasing the breakdown of stored fat for energy as well as curbing energy expenditure itself." - from the source article about an anti-ghrelin vaccine. But ghrelin increases HGH? This seems contradictory. --76.175.199.3 (talk) 08:08, 15 January 2008 (UTC)
thread_title: Contradiction?

message: I'm going to remove the mention of ghrelin being expressed in the hypothalamus. I might change it to say something like molecules originating from the ghrelin gene, but not acylated ghrelin, are expressed in the hypothalamus. See http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030645221100889X. The part in this wiki article where it mentions the ghrelin expressed in the Arc being the one that stimulates the NPY neurons was pretty sketchy even if acyl-ghrelin was expressed there. Also, that paper reports both acyl and desyacyl ghrelin are not expressed in the hypothalamus, so I'm wondering whether any speculated results should even be included in this article, and not wait until we know exactly what ghrelin-like molecules are expressed in the hypothalamus until we include them in this wiki article as it seems they're not ghrelin. --Africantearoa (talk) 23:29, 2 October 2011 (UTC)
thread_title:  Ghrelin expression in hypothalamus 

message: The lead paragraph is rather too technical. As a mere mortal with normal English as his moher tongue I found this almost impossible to understand. By all means the technical explanation should be in the article, but not in the lead section. In lay language, what it is, and what its functions is/are in simple everyday language would be enough.--Hauskalainen (talk) 08:50, 20 June 2009 (UTC)
thread_title:  Can we have the lead paragraph written in normal English? 

message: There's something wrong with the first sentence. It's hard to understand and clumsy. I can't tell what it is supposed to mean.69.225.15.250 (talk) 15:58, 23 March 2010 (UTC)
thread_title:  There is something wrong with the first sentence 

message: "Evidence for a cardiovascular function of ghrelin has been found: expression of mRNA encoding both ghrelin and its receptor has been observed in the heart and aortas (89, 169), and intravenous injection of ghrelin into human volunteers induces a decrease in blood pressure (169). In addition, a radiolabeled ghrelin, [125I-His9]ghrelin, was shown to bind to heart and to peripheral vascular tissue." 
--Dan Wylie-Sears 2 (talk) 04:14, 4 September 2009 (UTC)
thread_title:  Cardiovascular functions? 

message: "Lack of sleep produces ghrelin, which stimulates appetite and creates less leptin, which, among its many other effects, suppresses appetite."
Confusing. Isn't less leptin = increased appetite?  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Settledownclown (talk • contribs) 11:44, 10 November 2010 (UTC)
thread_title:  "suppresses appetite" 

message: The article says which organs produce it, and what it does, but it does not say what triggers production of the hormone. I'm guessing P/D1 cells produce it upon the stomach being empty and the pancreas produces it upon low blood glucose, but that's just a guess. If science doesn't know, it would make sense to mention it too. Whiterabbit fr31 (talk) 22:25, 10 January 2012 (UTC)
thread_title:  What triggers production of ghrelin? 

message: First sentence:
"Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid hunger-stimulating peptide and hormone that is produced mainly by P/D1 cells lining the fundus of the human stomach and epsilon cells of the pancreas."
Mechanism of action
"It is produced mainly in the small and large intestines, but can also be secreted by the lungs, pancreatic islets, gonads, adrenal cortex, placenta, kidney and brain (Ariyasu, 2001). "
Though, hmm, the article I first find for Ariyasu et al. 2001 has the title "Stomach is a major source of circulating Ghrelin,...."
Also, high Leptin is not thought to cause satiety, even though low Leptin causes hunger. See Leptin article, etc. 172.5.154.148 (talk) 20:28, 24 September 2013 (UTC)
thread_title:  Love the complete contradiction found in two nearby sections/ 

message: I am responding to several appeals to have a simpler introduction. No references were deleted, and material I feel could be deleted or merged into the body of the site have been grouped into a last paragraph.
IiKkEe (talk) 00:22, 2 May 2014 (UTC)
thread_title:  Rewrite introduction 

message: To Seppi333 -
Thank you for adding this sentence and reference to the lead: I think it's a great addition.  Did you move it from the body of the article, or is it  a new addition? If it was in there before, I missed it. I have separated it into its own paragraph to emphasize it.  I would like to italicize "reward perception" to further emphasize it. Are you OK with that?
Thanks.
IiKkEe (talk) 17:48, 5 May 2014 (UTC)
replies: text: Sounds fine.  I added it with a new ref, but it's also discussed lightly in the body. Seppi333 (Insert 2¢ | Maintained) 08:26, 6 May 2014 (UTC)
replies: text: I've copyedited that material and added a ref per your request. Best, Seppi333 (Insert 2¢ | Maintained) 22:30, 21 May 2014 (UTC)
thread_title:  Sentence on reward perception in lead 

message: I think more information should be included on its relationship with ptsd.  A good source to include and bad further sourcing would be http://www.foxnews.com/health/2013/12/11/mit-researchers-discover-possible-vaccine-for-post-traumatic-stress-disorder/ Dmatteng (talk) 15:28, 12 September 2014 (UTC)
thread_title:  PTSD ongoing research  

message: Dear all,
Regarding the sentence: "Circulating ghrelin concentrations rise before eating and fall afterward, more strongly in response to protein and carbohydrate than to lipids". It must be taken with caution, the studies are not conclusive. I know one that says the opposite, that is so, ghrelin levels increase with protein-rich meals. This sentence must be revised, with more sources, even proving otherwise. Jorge Pires (talk) 16:19, 5 June 2015 (UTC)
thread_title:  Blood levels 

message: “Hunger Hormone” No More?: Ghrelin promotes fat storage not feeding, according to a study. by Ruth Williams | The New Scientist, April 20, 2016 MaynardClark (talk) 14:38, 1 June 2016 (UTC)
thread_title: New view of ghrelin as fat storage promoter, not appetite promoter

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thread_title:  External links modified 

message: The first sentence of the second paragraph says "When the stomach is empty, ghrelin is absorbed." This seems to contradict the general gist of the rest of the article, that an empty stomach raises the ghrelin level, causing hunger. Maproom (talk) 12:11, 9 January 2018 (UTC)
thread_title:  Confusing statement 

message: This section was removed because
*the sources date from 2004-10, so are outdated per WP:MEDDATE
*no source is a WP:MEDRS-quality review
*the sources are from lab research and discuss "animal models" (WP:PRIMARY)
*the content exaggerates interpretations from lab results and is speculative, using such unverified terms as "possibility" and "beneficial", WP:V
*checking the PubMed review literature (we don't use Google as a source), there are no high-quality 2014-19 reviews discussing any effect of ghrelin or its drug agonists specifically on the human GI system or its mechanisms of function
There are several sections of this article relying on early-stage lab studies, and are therefore too weak for an encyclopedia. That's why we rely on WP:MEDSCI and WP:MEDASSESS. --Zefr (talk) 00:47, 26 March 2019 (UTC)
replies: text: The material that was deleted in this edit is both peer reviewed and secondary (see ). Per WP:MEDANIMAL, it is OK to include this material as long as it is made clear that it is based on animal studies. Boghog (talk) 02:43, 26 March 2019 (UTC)
replies: text: I would ask: is a 2009 short review (really just an op-ed) – based on rodent and in vitro studies dated 1999-2009 – that then speculates on vague mechanisms and comes to a conclusion that a ghrelin effect on inflammation "still remains to be explained", the best we can do? Here is possibly a more complete MEDRS-quality review on ghrelin's putative anti-inflammatory effect. Ghrelin and pro- or anti-inflammatory effects are a complex topic requiring stronger sources and more neutral discussion than the article currently contains. --Zefr (talk) 13:24, 26 March 2019 (UTC)
replies: text: ,  - I agree with Boghog in general altho in this case I think it's worth asking to raise the bar a bit - the edit did rely upon some pretty old studies cited directly. The question "is this the best" is interesting, but Wikipedia isn't actually about the "best" per se - I don't revert every content addition that isn't an A+, best possible summary of the evidence. And we can always do subpages as things get more and more detailed. "The best" is not really compatible with the encyclopedia anyone can boldly edit. We iterate and improve. I'm also skeptical of the statement that "there are no high-quality 2014-19 reviews discussing any effect of ghrelin or its drug agonists specifically on the human GI system"; a PubMed search on reviews in the last 5 years with ghrelin in the title or MeSH pulls up 255 results, many of which discuss seem to discuss the human physiology and GI tract. Winnowing down to include "inflammation" (MeSH or title) pulls up 11. II | (t - c) 07:45, 20 April 2019 (UTC)
replies: text:  If there are better sources available (i.e., more recent peer-reviewed secondary sources), they we should definitely use those.  The review that was questioned above , could possibly be replaced or supplemented with  and the one listed below (). Boghog (talk) 09:55, 20 April 2019 (UTC)
thread_title:  Inflammation and GI 

message: With most of the article based on old (before 2014) primary literature, there is more that can be covered on evolving clinical uses, beyond the short section here. Emerging clinical topics and reviews (although still based mostly on primary lab research):
*metabolic syndrome, Pereira et al.
*immune system regulation, Pereira
*cachexia and respiratory disease, PMID 28652535
*neurodegenerative disorders, PMID 26809582
*drug abuse and addiction, Panagopoulos
*potential ghrelin drugs for treating cancer cachexia, PMID 28751550
These topics and reviews - all published within the last 5 years (WP:MEDDATE) - provide higher-quality content more relevant to current understanding about ghrelin in physiological mechanisms, diseases, and drug development. --Zefr (talk) 15:27, 26 March 2019 (UTC)
thread_title:  Emerging clinical uses 

message: New editor , who has a long, distinguished publishing record on ghrelin - PubMed list here - made two mass-change edits on Oct 1-2. The first - which extensively cites her own work - sourced both reviews and outdated lab research, changed lede content, and provided improved sections on history, ghrelin receptor theory, and effects. The second has text and refs in [square brackets] possibly indicating copy from a different source. These edits were reverted as undiscussed here on the talk page, having format errors, having potential for WP:COI, and potential for copyright violations. I indicated to the editor in edit comments and on her talk page that providing rationale for the changes by talk page discussion, and in segments rather than a mass change, would be preferred to allow other editors to comment. The user's talk page shows her responses (which would better be transferred here for all editors to review). --Zefr (talk) 16:23, 2 October 2019 (UTC)
replies: text: The following is Suzanne Dickson's summary of the edits desired, as provided verbatim from my talk page. The information from her as an expert is valuable, and the article needs considerable change, but there are concerns about bias, possible copyright issues, use of jargon, and use of primary research, among others.  --Zefr (talk) 16:48, 2 October 2019 (UTC)
replies: text: I'm fairly new at editing wikipedia. The ghrelin page that I edited did not give a proper overview of ghrelin. It was full of fragmented information that does not give a correct view regarding the hormone. Having worked on this hormone for over 20 years, I feel qualified to edit it and place correct information there, including the key references for the most important findings. If you want to have correct information and sources on the page on ghrelin, I suggest that you accept my changes.  There are 10330 articles published on ghrelin. Do you know the expression "you cannot see the wood for the trees". It is important that the balance of information is correct such that you learn what the hormone does and how it does it.  I have referenced all of the main articles. You can also see that most of the references are published in top journals and are considered authority in the field.  The breakthrough discoveries - not someone's poorly informed or poorly phrased opinion. Given my expertese, it is surely a good thing that I spend several hours editing the information to improve it. Much that is written is wrong. It is stated that ghrelin increases appetite or hunger (in different places). This idea stems from the fact that it increases food intake - but does it really increase appetite or hunger?  It increases food intake. I then provide a logical reasoning why it gained status as a hunger hormone, including reference to the key hormone. It is hunge assumption that something that increases food intake does so by increasing hunger or appetite.  You don't need to feel appetite or hunger to eat. Although I have worked with ghrelin for decades (one of the first people in the field), I have NEVER before heard it being called lenomorelin until I read this on wikipedia. The term "ghrelinergic cell" is a made up term.  It is better to refer to them as enteroendocrine cells that produce ghrelin. Ghrelin is not made throughout the gastrointestinal tract - mostly in the stomach. The first thing we learn on the web page about the ghrelin receptor is that it is expressed on the same cells as leptin.  Arguably, this information is very misleading.  If you look up the distribution of the ghrelin receptor and the distribution of the leptin receptor in the brain, you will find there there may be some overlap in the arcuate nucleus but this is absolutely not proven for the rest of the brain.  Besides, this fact is not the first thing we should learn about the receptor. I didn't edit it yet but the sentence about reward cognition is odd.  Ghrelin receptors are present on some dopamine neurones in the VTA that are involved in reward and motivation.  But usually we don't use the term reward cognition. I could easily correct that sentence to make it informative. In the historical section that I expanded considerably, I provide the full history with only key articles cited.  Here I added much useful information. There is much repeat between the different sections, which I tried to reduce.  There is still a lot of work to do on that page to make the information correct. The sentence "When the stomach is empty, ghrelin is secreted. When the stomach is stretched, secretion stops" is ridiculous and not founded on real science. The correct information is in the reference to David Cummings article from 2000, which I included. I think the top researchers in the world that work on ghrelin would support these changes and would be happy to get their authority on it as well.  I am sure they would welcome edits that provide improvement and accuracy. I would be very disappointed in wikipedia if it doesn't listen to reason over what is correct, what is wrong and what is misleading.  It shouldn't become a dumping ground for people to get attention to their publications, without taking into account the big picture. Suzanne Dickson (talk) 05:38, 2 October 2019 (UTC)
thread_title:  Mass edits on Oct 1-2 by a ghrelin research expert 

message: Is it appropriate to include animal research? David notMD (talk) 04:27, 3 October 2019 (UTC)
replies: text: No, it's not for medical articles. Although it would be very interesting, animal studies are too variable and not often translatable to human, and the article should reflect info for the general public (who might not necessarily differenciate between what is of scientific interest but hypothetical, with what is practically applicable for humans). Please thus only use sources about human trials, and foremost reviews on RCT trials, see WP:MEDRS and WP:MEDHOW for more infos. Hope this helps, have a nice day! --Signimu (talk) 04:31, 3 October 2019 (UTC)
replies: text: I would like to hear from experienced editors who have been actively commenting on this Talk page, as some content in the article rest on animal studies. David notMD (talk) 04:35, 3 October 2019 (UTC)
replies: text: See above two sections for discussion of primary vs. secondary sources (among other topics). And please don't bite the newcomers. (I'm not saying you were biting anyone. Just adding that reminder b/c we really need to recruit and retain good editors.)   - Mark D Worthen PsyD (talk) (I am a man. The traditional male pronouns are fine.) 05:08, 3 October 2019 (UTC)
replies: text: I see no problem since there are no newcomers here (I'm contributing since 2006 ;-) ). I have arguably less experience on MED (2 years), but everytime there was animal studies on the articles I worked on, they had to be removed per WP:MEDRS. --Signimu (talk) 06:12, 3 October 2019 (UTC)
replies: text: Yeah, I guess I am letting my passion for retaining good editors run amok. I'll reign it in. :^)   - Mark D Worthen PsyD (talk) (I am a man. The traditional male pronouns are fine.) 08:50, 3 October 2019 (UTC)
replies: text: I returned to this article today after a 5 1/2 year absence. In May 2014 I contributed 284 edits, and as a result I am the author/editor of about one-fifth of the article. Little had changed in the article since then, until about 5 weeks ago. I was new to WP as of April 2014, and was not aware that animal studies and primary research were discouraged by WP policy. I completely agree with all of the recent deletions by David notMD: those additions of mine do not belong in this article. As time permits, I may contribute to the discussion and revision of the Lead: much has been learned about ghrelin in the last 5 1/2 years, and reasonably current references then are now potentially obsolete. Regards to all who have contributed here over the last 5 weeks, IiKkEe (talk) 10:28, 4 November 2019 (UTC)
thread_title:  Animal research? 

message: You suggest that the front section should read like this and below I make several points as to why the information should be improved:
Ghrelin (pronounced /ˈɡrɛlɪn/), is a circulating hormone produced by the stomach,[1] and sometimes called a "hunger" hormone because ghrelin increases food intake.[2] Blood levels of ghrelin are highest during hunger.[2] When the stomach is empty, ghrelin is secreted, and when it is stretched, secretion stops.[2] It acts on hypothalamic brain cells both to increase hunger and to increase gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal motility to prepare the body for food intake.[3]
Ghrelin is a neuropeptide in the central nervous system.[2] Besides regulating appetite, it participates in regulating energy homeostasis, learning and memory, circadian rhythms, reward behavior, and taste sensation.[2] The receptor for ghrelin – the ghrelin/growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) – is found on the same cells in the brain as the receptor for leptin, the satiety hormone that has opposite effects from ghrelin.[2]
1. Sentence 1 would be more informative if it indicated that the cells secreting ghrelin are the enteroendocrine cells of the stomach.  There are ghrelin cells elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract but 80% of circulating ghrelin comes from the stomach.  It is very important that we cite the article of the lab who discovered it in 1999. It should read "Ghrelin (pronounced /ˈɡrɛlɪn/), is a circulating hormone produced by enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach , and is often called a "hunger" hormone because it increases food intake."
2. The following sentence should be deleted because it is factually incorrect: "When the stomach is empty, ghrelin is secreted, and when it is stretched, secretion stops.[2]". Ghrelin release has nothing to do with stomach stretching. Actually the correct information is written elsewhere on the page (at least 3 times) and so this sentence is redundant.  Even the previous sentence gives the correct information.  My suggestion is that these sentences (2 and 3) are combined and that you cite the article that first shows that ghrelin release is highest before mealtimes after which levels decline once again. I am sorry that it is from 2001 - it is just the article that is most important.  Their article has been cited 1939 times. It is the first thing we tell students about plasma ghrelin levels. Therefore the new text should now read "Blood levels of ghrelin are highest before meals when hungry, returning to lower levels after mealtimes"."  
3. There are SERIOUS problems with the information in the next sentence: "It acts on hypothalamic brain cells both to increase hunger and to increase gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal motility to prepare the body for food intake.[3]" The two parts of the sentence have correct information but they should not be combined in this way because it is midleading/wrong. Yes, ghrelin acts on the hypothalamus (as well as many other parts of the feeding circuits) and yes, this is likely important for its effects on food intake. Effects on gastric motility, especially involve effects locally in the gut. How ghrelin controls gastric acid secretion is unclear. The first ever article showing that the hypothalamus is a target for ghrelin agonists was the discovery that peripheral ghrelin injection causes activation of cells in the arcuate nucleus, for which I take credit.  I like the idea that it prepares the body for food intake but that is an opinion and not a fact.  Thus, my suggestion is: "Ghrelin may help prepare for food intake by increasing gastric motility as well as gastric acid secretion. Ghrelin can access the brain where it activates cells in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, including the orexigenic neuropeptide Y neurones  that co-express agouti-related peptide (AgRP). Ghrelin's effects on food intake involve direct effects on hypothalamic, brainstem and forebrain areas and involve a dedicate receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1A (GHSR-1A). 
PLEASE NOTICE THAT ALL REFERENCES WERE ALREADY LISTED ON THE GHRELIN PAGE, INCLUDING ARTICLES TO WHICH I HAVE CONTRIBUTED.
Thus, putting it all together, my improved suggestion is ...
Ghrelin (pronounced /ˈɡrɛlɪn/), is a circulating hormone produced by enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach , and is often called a "hunger" hormone because it increases food intake. Blood levels of ghrelin are highest before meals when hungry, returning to lower levels after mealtimes. Ghrelin may help prepare for food intake  by increasing gastric motility as well as gastric acid secretion. Ghrelin can access the brain where it activates cells in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, including the orexigenic neuropeptide Y neurones  that co-express agouti-related peptide (AgRP). Ghrelin's effects on food intake involve direct effects on hypothalamic, brainstem and forebrain areas and involve a dedicate receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1A (GHSR-1A), whose brain distribution has been extensively mapped.
Suzanne Dickson 07:00, 3 October 2019 (UTC)
thread_title:  Ghrelin: The front section is important 

message: Ghrelin (pronounced /ˈɡrɛlɪn/), is a circulating hormone produced by enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach , and is often called a "hunger" hormone because it increases food intake. Blood levels of ghrelin are highest before meals when hungry, returning to lower levels after mealtimes. Ghrelin may help prepare for food intake  by increasing gastric motility as well as gastric acid secretion. Ghrelin can access the brain where it activates cells in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, including the orexigenic neuropeptide Y neurones  that co-express agouti-related peptide (AgRP). Ghrelin's effects on food intake involve direct effects on hypothalamic, brainstem and forebrain areas and involve a dedicate receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1A (GHSR-1A), whose brain distribution has been extensively mapped.
Suzanne Dickson 07:03, 3 October 2019 (UTC)
thread_title:  Here is the same text without the other information  

message: Hello  what do you think of the following for the lede? :-) --Signimu (talk) 20:48, 6 October 2019 (UTC)
replies: text: I don't know enough about the topic. But I appreciate you asking. :0)   - Mark D Worthen PsyD (talk) (I am a man. The traditional male pronouns are fine.) 20:59, 6 October 2019 (UTC)
replies: text: Thank you Markworthen  Well if nobody else has any objection, I think we can try to change the lede, if this goes well we can later continue with the same process to prepare the first section as Suzanne Dickson suggested  --Signimu (talk) 20:41, 7 October 2019 (UTC)
thread_title: Lede discussion

message: Are better refs available? Existing are from small human studies. David notMD (talk) 01:02, 9 October 2019 (UTC)
thread_title:  Gastric bypass surgery refs 

message: — Assignment last updated by GradStudent4Life (talk) 23:02, 5 December 2023 (UTC)
thread_title: Wiki Education assignment: Adv Molecular Bio Bass-FSU-Fa23

message: Under the section 'Locations of Action' subsection 'Sleep' I read: "A review reported finding strong evidence that sleep restriction affected ghrelin or leptin levels, or energy expenditure."
When I follow the link mentioned to the PubMed abstract I read: "Overall, we did not find strong evidence supporting the significant impact of sleep restriction on mean leptin or ghrelin levels or energy expenditure. "
This seems to be the opposite of the line in Wikipedia. I do not know anything about Wikipedia-editing, so I do hope someone with more knowledge of both editing and/or ghrelin might take a look at this.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:1C01:1D0D:4200:69D3:BBC2:D179:F5DA (talk) 14:30, 7 February 2024 (UTC)
thread_title: Contradictory information ghrelin and sleep