Talk:Homebake (slang)

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In Australia most manufacture was limited to Western Australia.  Homebake can be manufactured from over-the-counter and prescription painkillers containing codeine, and was popular in the late 1970s to 1980s due to the crackdown on the heroin supply in this time period. It Is also commonly manufactured from morphine sulfate tablets as the morphine to diacetylmorphine reaction is much more simple than the codeine to morphine process. Clandestine drug laboratories established to homebake heroin have existed in New Zealand since the 1980s1
;Manufacture
The “homebake” process involves use of the reagent pyridine 
hydrochloride to convert the codeine to morphine by removing the 
methyl- group.  The brown morphine powder produced by this process is in the form of crude morphine base.  This is generally reacted with 
acetic anhydride to give a brown or black tarry residue which 
contains a mixture of heroin, 
3-monoacetylmorphine and 
6-monoacetylmorphines, morphine and other 
impurities.2  Codeine is separated from multi-ingredient medicines by a process involving fractional crystallisation or others using a solvent other than water, as the number of tablets needed to make a useful dose of morphine is certain to contain lethal or extremely harmful quantities of paracetamol, asprin, ibuprofen, phenacetin, diclofenac and possibly other ingredients.
The one-step process of acetylating morphine in the form of pure powder may also result in a white, grey, pink, or brown solid capable of being powdered in a mortar and pestle. Morphine is also extracted in varying degrees of purity from solutions of opium, with Polish heroin apparently often made by simply acetylating an opium solutiom.  Morphine converted from codeine will usually contain some percentage of un-reacted codeine and upon acetylation will form acetylcodeine, an active impurity slightly stronger than dihydrocodeine also found in heroin made from poppies and will generate a confirmed positive when a subject is drug tested by urinalysis; the acetylcodeine is detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry if a sample produces a presumptive positive for opiates.  Such confirmation can be used to distinguish street heroin from prescribed and OTC opioids such as codeine and morphine. The presence of noscapine also confirms use of either street heroin or opium. Depending on the precursors and skill of the maker, the powder may be light enough in colour and/or a filtered solution of the drug mixture maybe be a clear amber-coloured solution light enough in colour to permit certain common tests such as the Marquis reagent test and similar ones which can quickly show the presence of codeine, morphine, heroin and other drugs by changing colour; other times it can be dark as charcoal and need to be treated with an acid like black tar heroin to dissolve.  Law enforcement personnel and physicians of course would likely have a laboratory in their organisation which would be able to use GC/MS and other chromatographic techniques to get a precise list of what is in a sample.
Especially with morphine as a starting material, making homebake by an end user is called "AA-ing" the two As standing for acetic anhydride and has been reported in mnay countries.  Two methods of doing this are reported by forensic chemists and others: igniting a 50/50 morphine/acetic anhydride mixture, or putting it in a closed container such as a large spoon or similar container covered with aluminium foil for two hours at 80 °C then heating the open spoon to drive off any remaining acetic anhydride.  The utilisation of morphine hydrochloride, sulphate, tartate or other salts instead of morphine free base is reported to have functionally equivalent results, and a mixture with a larger percentage of 6-monoacetylmorphine results from an acetylation effected with acetyl chloride.Inside Narcotics, Chapter 5 "Morphine Esters" Fifth Edition 2011  
An alternative process with dihydromorphine as an intermediate has a higher yield than the codeine to morphine conversion and acetylating dihydromorphine gives rise to the powerful analgesic diacetyldihydromorphine. The homebake method has been used with other acid anhydrides to produce strong morphine esters such as nicomorphine and acetylpropionylmorphine and reflux-based processes detailed in three German patents from the 1930s have been used by clandestine chemists, pharmacologists, and others to turn codeine into hydrocodone, and morphine into hydromorphone or acetylmorphone, the heroin analogue of hydromorphone.Inside Narcotics, Chapter 5 "Morphine Esters" Fifth Edition 2011
- Jytdog (talk) 22:38, 3 April 2016 (UTC)
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message: Can we move this page into Wikitionary until we get more info? XxBradMacxX (talk) 00:51, 14 January 2021 (UTC)
thread_title:  Moving this article with Wikitionary