Talk:Barry McCaffrey

message: Does the anon user who added the edit about the army investigation have a source for that?  I have not heard about any official investigation, and my understanding was that McCaffery's only response to the charges was a failed attempt at character assassination against Hersh.--csloat 20:40, 12 August 2005 (UTC)
replies: text: The 2100 page report (not 21 page) referred to was done before the Hersh investigation, and the Hersh story claims the report was a coverup.  There was no subsequent investigation of Hersh's claims that I am aware of.--csloat 07:11, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
thread_title:  Investigation of Hersh charges? 

message: Anon user 206.114.225.234 has been continually deleting the information on this page and replacing it with self-promotional puff that looks like it is from McCaffrey's own website.  I am not opposed to some of that information being included here, but it should not be copied and pasted from another website, and it should not replace the information that is already here, some of which is more critical of McCaffrey.  Only once has the user bothered to explain him/herself, and only by saying "Official biography."  This is not the place for copies of an "official biography" that seems to have come from McCaffrey's office.  Either justify your edits in talk or continue to be reverted (and perhaps banned from editing).  Thank you.--csloat 23:20, 14 December 2005 (UTC)
thread_title:  Anon user copyright violation 

message: Added second media reference to S.Hersh's investigation of McCaffrey.  Unfortunately so far I've only got the abstract in linkable format.  If anyone has a complete version that can be linked to, please add. -Ziomek
:There is none I could find online, but I have a copy and your changes seem to accurately describe what the author wrote.  I was unable to find anything specific on which sources claimed that Hersh misquoted him. however, and later reports do not seem to confirm this claim.--csloat 23:37, 26 January 2006 (UTC)
replies: text: I followed up on your question about specifics, and this is what I found.  Apparently Lt. Gen. John Yeosock, Lt. Gen. Ronald Griffith, Lt. Gen. Steven Arnold, Lt. Gen. James Johnson, and Lt. Col. Patrick Lamar were cited in a May 2000 interview with McCaffrey for the National Journal as disputing quotes attributed to them by Hersh.  Of these Yeosock, Griffith, and Arnold apparently wrote to the magazine.  Excerpts of what they apparently said are available in the National Journal interview.  For brevity, I've only added a quote from Arnold to the Wiki entry.  It is from a Wall St Journal article by McCaffrey, but it was also the one I see most frequently cited.  Anyways, it's been an interesting read... Ziomek 16:09, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

text: Do we need a separate article for the alleged LoW violation?  It seems to dominate this article (as well as this discussion page), which has very little about his life and career and focuses on one action at the end of one war.  138.162.128.55 (talk) 04:28, 22 October 2008 (UTC)
thread_title: War Crimes Accusations

message: An anonymous editor changed the headings and order of the information to again make it seem like these were Seymour Hersh's allegations.  They are not.  They are the allegations of men who worked with and under McCaffrey, and those reports have been confirmed by ABC News.  I fixed the problem that was introduced here by removing the focus on Hersh from the headings (again) and adding a separate section for the ABC confirmation of Hersh's story.  The public record on this is clear, and if you read Hersh's article you will see that there are a large number of witnesses who substantiate the allegations.  But I don't think this article should be focused so much on these facts. There should be more information about his work as drug czar and about his vietnam experience, as well as other accomplishments.  McCaffrey was well known long before the New Yorker story for many other reasons.  Rather than trying to nitpick the allegations of war crimes, which seem likely to have been accurate, I ask that the anon ip help us out by filling in other details about McCaffrey.--csloat 20:20, 8 April 2006 (UTC)
thread_title: Recent edits

message: I am tempted to simply remove the rambling defense of continuing a war after the civilian leadership has declared a ceasefire, but I'd like the anon editor who added it to at least have a chance to make it NPOV first.  As it is currently written, I doubt this even accurately represents General Trainor's view of the situation.  Perhaps a simple quote from the text would make the point without a long and repetitive explanation of how the troops were annoyed that the civilian leadership ended the war too early.  It is bizarre, considering that the military serves the civilian leadership; this practically amounts to a defense of a military coup. Some of the stuff that was added is nonsensical, e.g. "McCaffrey's division received fire from an Iraqi, perhaps out of confusion" -- who was confused?  firing Iraqis?  Or Americans who mistakenly thought the Iraqis fired?  The eyewitness accounts seem to support the latter response rather than the former.  The last paragraph is definitely a screed that needs to be deleted.  Let me know what you think.--csloat 20:59, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
thread_title: The General's War

message: There were allegations about corruption in place while he was Director. I am not in pro or contra to anything there, I am just noting that right now there is NO detail at all about his time as Director of the National Drug Control Policy? I am sure he did have to do something there ... ? It seems this information was somewhat forgotten to add highlights during his directorship there... [Commented at Feb 2008]  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.108.103.172 (talk) 12:01, 27 February 2008 (UTC)
replies: text: There definitely should be some information here about his tenure as drug czar.  The big scandal I recall was the policy of using tax dollars to insert antidrug messages into prime time television shows while concealing the source of the message - a classic propaganda technique that the Bush Admin's FCC disavowed later on (I believe it is now illegal).  Daniel Forbes' ground-breaking investigative report on the issue is here; I believe he published a few other articles and that McCaffrey responded (this is briefly mentioned in the article but there is no explanation and the heading says nothing about his ONDCP role).  I also think this article will be helpful (I linked to the page that covers McCaffrey's tenure).  I am sure other folks can find more stuff.  I will start writing on this when I have time but please contribute if you know something about this too.  I think you're right that his ONDCP leadership is a very important thing that is completely missing from this article. csloat (talk) 16:53, 27 February 2008 (UTC)
thread_title: Director of the National Drug Control Policy

message: I removed Fort Huachuca, since it conflicted with the data in the infobox and I could find no sourcing for it. However, the only sourcing I could find for Taunton, MA was at NNDB, whose reliability on these things is unknown, and doesn't provide further sourcing. RayAYang (talk) 06:36, 1 December 2008 (UTC)
thread_title: Can we get a source on his birthplace?

message: I've removed the description "lobbyist" from the article.  That does seem accurate in a common sense meaning of the word (see the Barstow article and e.g. his interactions with Petraeus described there), but McCaffrey's firm wrote that "General McCaffrey is not a lobbyist" (without denying any of the specifics in Barstow's piece).  So presumably there is some technical or legal sense in which he is not a lobbyist.  On their front page, BR McCaffrey Associates LLC describe their activities as in part "advocacy consulting" to "get specified results for clients who want action" (same link as where they deny lobbying).  I went with "paid advocate for defense companies" to replace "lobbyist".  Crust (talk) 15:18, 5 December 2008 (UTC)
replies: text: Yeah, that looks more precise and better than consultant, which is what I went with after seeing the same statement by McCaffrey. RayAYang (talk) 16:56, 5 December 2008 (UTC)
thread_title: Lobbyist?

message: I stated "on the basis of the evidence available to it" because DoD was uncooperative and did not provide some requested information. GAO felt this was significant enough to mention. I'm not expressing an opinion about whether more information would have altered the GAO's decision. -- Moss&Fern (talk) 07:55, 10 August 2009 (UTC)
thread_title: GAO propaganda decision -- "on the basis of the evidence available to it"

message: It certainly merits an article; the newspaper articles about it did not win a Pulitzer Prize because it was a slow year for investigative reporting. See http://www.gao.gov/decisions/appro/316443.htm (don't overlook the footnotes), http://www.democracynow.org/2009/5/8/pentagons_pundits_ny_times_reporter_david, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/20/us/20generals.html, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/washington/30general.html and http://www.salon.com/opinion/greenwald/2009/04/21/pulitzer/index.html for some more information. Apparently there is a great deal of other information available if a person knows there is something to look for and the lack of mass media coverage simply highlights a problem with the mass media. -- Moss&Fern (talk) 08:56, 10 August 2009 (UTC)
replies: text: Yes there is and I've amended the article to reflect and added in the link. TomPointTwo (talk) 23:17, 6 January 2010 (UTC)
thread_title: Is there a separate article for the "Propaganda Controversy"?

message: I deleted "unbiased" from "hired by ABC, CBS and NBC to present unbiased observations" instead of tagging unbiased with something like  or . Unbiased isn't appropriate without a good citation but in this instance I think a tag would strongly imply the RMOs were hired to give biased opinions. Without a credible citation for motive/intent (especially uniform motive/intent) I think it is better not to state "unbiased" or "biased". And uniformity of motive/intent will become more problematic as other networks who hired these RMOs are added.
Also "hired" needs to be checked. My recollection is that they were paid as consultants but not hired as staff and the distinction is significant or has been claimed to be significant regarding network conflict of interest policies. I'll try to look that up tomorrow and make a change if appropriate. -- Moss&Fern (talk) 12:42, 15 August 2009 (UTC)
thread_title: Reason for deleting "unbiased"

message: It's really, REALLY badly written. For example, the allegation regarding alleged shooting of the large group of prisoners at Highway of Death (when over 300 Iraqi POWs were allegedly shot at and presumably killed) is never explained (it is only called "the attack", and that's all!) - so LeMoyne denies the incident occurred: "Nobody was killed. None, zero. Soldiers--the Iraqi soldiers were never shot at, ever, at that point. None of us, hundreds and hundreds of us ever saw a body. None of us." sounds like if they denied any shot was fired at Rumaila, where thousands of withdrawing armed Iraqi soldiers were attacked and shot up badly in after the ceasefire - and NOBODY denies this.
Oh, and the Rumaila incident is not even linked... --212.91.5.20 (talk) 15:59, 2 October 2010 (UTC)
thread_title: "Allegations of misconduct during the Gulf War" need to be rewritten

message: Dear Wikipedia friends:
Gen. Barry McCaffrey has asked me to edit his Wikipedia page.
I am not a public relations person, but rather a former research-and-development systems designed for many Federal agencies, 
and now a director of many footraces in the DC area, which requires extreme attention to detail.
I am also not a private person, and I am glad to post my real name and my real phone number at the bottom of this message.
Because the article contains extensive information, both laudatory and critical, I shall proceed cautiously, making small changes, all well-substantiated.  I shall leave intact the critical sections, but I shall add sections about Gen. McCaffey's significant achievements.  I shall also reorganize the article so it conforms to common Wikipedia article structure, most important items first, then details.
As I make each change, I shall document it with a talk comment like this one.
Tonight, I made these changes:
o  Rewrote paragraph 1 with proper grammar and orthography and added a reference to Gen. McCaffrey's biography on MSNBC
o  Added paragraph 2 about his 2010 award from West Point U.S. Military Academy, which I shall later move into a section about honors and awards.
Here is the new text:
"He served as adjunct professor at the U.S. Military Academy and also Bradley Professor of International Security Studies there, from 2001 to 2008. He is a military analyst for NBC and MSNBC as well as president of his own consulting firm, BR McCaffrey Associates.[2]
"West Point Association of Graduates of the United States Military Academy presented its 2010 Distinguished Graduate Award to Gen. McCaffrey.[3][4]"
I thank "Anythingyouwant" for adding a second reference to the West Point award.
Because the article contains information both laudatory and critical, I shall make changes slowly and incrementally, with full substantiaton, and with a talk article like this one about each change.  Later, I shall have some questions about some of the information, and we can discuss those questions openly.
Thank you
Jay Jacob Wind
Arlington VA
703-927-4833  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jay.wind (talk • contribs) 06:38, 16 October 2013 (UTC)
thread_title:  Editing Gen. Barry McCaffrey's WIkipedia page 

message: Oops, I forgot the four tildes.  I'm new to this.
Jay.wind (talk) 06:43, 16 October 2013 (UTC)
replies: text: No problem.  Please keep in mind that the lead (which is the stuff above the table of contents) is supposed to summarize what's already in the main part of the article (below the table of contents).  For more info, see WP:Lead.  Also, regarding potential conflict of interest, I assume that you're not being paid, but if you are then that could be a problem.  See WP:COI for details.Anythingyouwant (talk) 15:00, 16 October 2013 (UTC)
thread_title:  Oops 

message: Under
Education -- I added 2 course of study, with full attribution from external sources
Education[edit]
McCaffrey graduated from Phillips Academy, Andover in 1960 and U.S. Military Academy (Class of 1964) and earned an M.A. in Civil Government from American University in 1970. He also attended the National Security and Executive Education programs at Harvard University.[5] His postgraduate military education included United States Army War College, Command and General Staff College, and Defense Language Institute's program in Vietnamese[6], and Armor School Advanced Course.[7]
Jay.wind (talk) 05:38, 19 October 2013 (UTC)
thread_title:  Education -- I added 2 course of study, with full attribution from external sources 

message: I added substantiation to portions of the Military Career section that previously were unsubstantiated.
I also cleaned up the grammar in one point.
Now this section reads:
Military career
Following his graduation from West Point in 1964, McCaffrey was commissioned into the infantry.[8]
His combat tours included action in the Dominican Republic with the 82nd Airborne Division in 1965, advisory duty with the Army of the Republic of Vietnam from 1966–67, and company command with the 1st Cavalry Division from 1968–69.[8] During the course of his service in the Vietnam War he was twice awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, the Purple Heart three times and the Silver Star twice.[6]
During Operation Desert Storm, McCaffrey commanded the 24th Infantry Division (Mechanized). Under his command, the division conducted the "left hook" attack 370 km into Iraq. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal.[6] In Operation Desert Storm, he was known for his speed and boldness. Joe Galloway, co-author of We Were Soldiers Once...And Young, rode with and reported on the division and later said in an interview <I ADDED THIS FOOTNOTE--> [9] <ADDED THIS TEXT--> that he witnessed "some great military commanders at work," leaders like General Barry McCaffrey, General Norman Schwarzkopf, and General Hal Moore, the hero of the Battle of Ia Drang in Vietnam. <I ADDED THIS FOOTNOTE--> [10]
General McCaffrey's peacetime assignments included tours as an instructor at the U.S. Military Academy from 1972–75, Assistant Commandant at the U.S. Army Infantry School; Deputy U.S. Representative to NATO; Assistant Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS); Director of Strategic Plans and Policy, JCS.[8]
General McCaffrey's last command in the Army was <REMOVED "the"> United States Southern Command (SOUTHCOM), the unified command responsible for U.S. military activities in Central and South America. He commanded SOUTHCOM, whose headquarters were then in the Republic of Panama, from 1994 to 1996. Besides managing military personnel, as part of his duties in Panama, McCaffrey supported humanitarian operations for over 10,000 Cuban refugees in 1996. It was also during his last military position that he created the first Human Rights Council and Human Rights Code of Conduct for U.S. Military Joint Command.
McCaffrey was the youngest <ADDED THIS TEXT--> and most highly-decorated four-star general in the Army at the time of his retirement from the military in 1996. <I ADDED THIS FOOTNOTE--> [11]
Jay.wind (talk) 06:04, 19 October 2013 (UTC)
thread_title:  Military Career section 

message: I added this section, relevant because the publication was a signal achievement by an ONDCP director, the first-ever comprehensive national strategy paper.
As director of ONDCP, McCaffrey wrote and published the first "National Drug Control Strategy"[15] The book-length white paper proposed a comprehensive 10-year plan; profiled drug abusers and trends in youth drug abuse; listed health consequences; estimated the cost of drug-related crime; recognized that illegal drugs remain widely available; presented strategic goals and objectives for demand and supply reduction and measures of effectiveness; and proposed a comprehensive approach including initiatives aimed at youth and initiatives to reduce drug-related crime and violence, to reduce health and social problems, to shield America's frontiers, and to reduce drug availability; and asked for resources to implement the strategy.[16] [17]
Jay Jacob Wind
Arlington VA
703-927-4833
Jay.wind (talk) 02:18, 25 October 2013 (UTC)
replies: text: Hi Jay.  The source that you've used (the strategy written by McCaffrey) is okay, but it would be very good if you would also mention some third-party source that discusses or describes the strategy. In the lingo of Wikipedia, I think the strategy itself is called a primary source, but Wikipedia generally prefers secondary sources.  I can look for secondary sources for this if you'd like.  Also, perhaps a bit more concise?  For example, I don't think it's really significant that McCaffrey "recognized that illegal drugs remain widely available", which is common knowledge.  Cheers.Anythingyouwant (talk) 02:42, 25 October 2013 (UTC)
thread_title:  I added a new section about The National Drug Control Strategy: 1996 with full substantiation. 

message: Yes, I agree.  My citation of the book-length manuscript is a citation of the primary source.  
I added a link to the PBS interview where Gen. McCaffrey discussed the published strategy.
If you can added a better link, I'd be grateful.
The line about "recognized that illegal drugs remain widely available" is one of the themes of the National Drug Control Strategy.  That theme sets the tone for the rest of the strategy.  McCaffrey wrote that theme, and it's certainly obviously true, but my line refers to the contents of the publication, rather than a pronouncement by McCaffrey himself.  I hope that's OK.
Today, I added two new paragraphs at the top of the article about major national awards:
Gen. McCaffrey received three Purple Heart medals for injuries sustained during his service in Viet Nam, two Silver Stars for valor, and two Distinguished Service Crosses -- the nation’s second highest award for valor.
He was inducted into US Army Ranger Hall of Fame at US Army Infantry Center, Ft. Benning GA in 2007.
Also, so that they flow chronologically, I resequenced the introductorry paragraphs:
He served as adjunct professor at the U.S. Military Academy and its Bradley Professor of International Security Studies, from 2001 to 2008. 
He received West Point Association of Graduates of the United States Military Academy's Distinguished Graduate Award in 2010.Bartelt, Eric. “West Point Honors Five Distinguished Graduates”, The Official Homepage of the United States Army, News Archives (May 14, 2010).
He is currently a military analyst for NBC and MSNBC as well as president of his own consulting firm, BR McCaffrey Associates.
(end introductory section)
-- Jay Jacob Wind
-- Jay.wind@att.net
-- 703-927-4833
Jay.wind (talk) 16:04, 28 October 2013 (UTC)
thread_title:  I reply to the previous post, also I added 2 paragraphs of major awards and changed sequence to be chronological.   

message: Per previous suggestion, I added a secondary source where Gen. McCaffrey discussed the contents of the Nationsl Drug Control Strategy.
Public Broadcasting System (PBS) (October 2000)."Frontline interview"
Thank you for the suggesstion.
Jay
::Hi Jay.  Here's a good secondary source that you can use: .  I found it using Google, and there's probably more stuff like this available via Google.Anythingyouwant (talk) 17:55, 28 October 2013 (UTC)
thread_title:  Added link to PBS Frontline Interview as a secondary source for description of Nationa Drug Control Strategy 

message: I subdivided the section on McCaffrey's tenure into two sections:
o  The main section defining his terms of office and his accomplishents
o  The new sub-section below.
The previous version used the words "controversy arose," but the references don't discuss a controversy.  Rather, the references document a series of events that all parties agreed upon -- that ONDCP financed embedded anti-drug messages into TV shows.  
If it's OK with you, let's refer to documented facts rather than use the slanted term "controversy arose."
I hope this formulation does not arise controversy!  
Also I fixed spelling errors and punctuation errors.
Paid anti-drug messages in TV programs[edit]
During McCaffrey's tenure, ONDCP implemented a policy of paying television producers to embed anti-drug messages into major television programs. WB network's senior vice president for broadcast standards Rick Mater acknowledged, "The White House did view scripts. They did sign off on them – they read scripts, yes."[15] Running the campaign for the ONDCP was Alan Levitt, who estimated that between 1998 and 2000 the networks received nearly $25 million in benefits.[15] One example was with Warner Brothers' show, Smart Guy. The original script portrayed two young people using drugs at a party. Originally depicted as cool and popular, after input from the drug office, "We showed that they were losers and put them [hidden away to indulge in shamed secrecy] in a utility room. That was not in the original script."[15] Other shows including ER, Beverly Hills, 90210, Chicago Hope, The Drew Carey Show and 7th Heaven also put anti-drug messages into their stories.[15]
Details about the program were published by Salon on January 13, 2000.[15] McCaffrey defended the program, saying that “We plead guilty to using every lawful means to save America’s children”, and President Clinton defended McCaffrey.[21] Clinton said on January 14, 2000: "[I]t’s my understanding that there’s nothing mandatory about this, that there was no attempt to regulate content, or tell people what they had to put into it – of course, I wouldn’t support that."[22] McCaffrey opposed efforts in Congress to extend the national anti-drug media campaign to include messages against underage drinking.[16]
-- Jay Jacob Wind (jay.wind@att.net, 703-927-4833)
Jay.wind (talk) 06:40, 8 November 2013 (UTC)
thread_title:  Paid anti-drug messages in TV programs 

message: Wikipedia has a fairly detailed policy about what sources can be used in Wikipedia articles.  For example, Wikipedia itself is not a reliable source, and therefore should not be in the footnotes of this Wikipedia article.  See Wikipedia:Reliable sources.  Thus, I question whether the following sources in this Wikipedia article should remain:
* http://www.ndsn.org
* http://www.ranger.org
* http://www.westpointaog.org
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awards_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State#Superior_Honor_Award
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_Honor_Award#Notable_Recipients
* http://www.cpddblog.com
* http://www.mccaffreyassociates.com
* http://www.waterworld.com
* http://www.witstop.com
* http://weweresoldiers.net
* http://www.jeffpolachek.com
Someone needs to explain why these sources comply with WP:RS.  Typically, Wikipedia articles just use articles in journals and newspapers, plus books, as footnoted sources.  Others sources are allowed, but they have to be chosen and used carefully.Anythingyouwant (talk) 05:13, 29 November 2013 (UTC)
thread_title: Reliable sources

message: I removed the Wikipedia reference concerning U.S. Department of State Superior Honor Awards.  I searched  for its list of Superior Honor Awards, but no such page exists, so we'll have to rely on the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration and The White House as reliable sources confirming Gen. McCaffrey's Superior Honor Award in 1992.
The earliest article available on www.state.gov is dated October 1, 2002.
1992 was before the U.S. Government's usage of World Wide Web, so I'm not surprised that www.state.gov doesn't go back that far, but I am surprised by my research about that October 1, 2002, is the dawn of time for www.state.gov archives, and that www.state.gov does not maintain a list of its own awardees.  I'm also surprised that  has no reference to award winners throughout history.
So let's rely on NARA and The White House.
With respect to the other references, each reference cites an interview with, an appearance by, or an award to General McCaffrey.  In most cases, each citation is the only source of the information, as original as it can possibly be.
Tonight, I added a substantial new section describing the "left hook" attack.  I searched deep into the web to find an authentic paper defining the "left hook" attack, but I came up empty.  Again, the events took place before the widespread usage of World Wide Web.
The Rand Corporation analysis is perhaps the best single description of the "left hook attack," but the document's structure does not assist in finding its original references.  You may examine its 9 chapters:
*1 
*2 
*3 
*4 
*5  (quotes McCaffrey and analyzes the "left hook" attack)
*6 
*7 
*8 
*9 
The paper about the SPOT maps quotes this paper as a source:
* McCaffrey, "24th Infantry Division Ground Operations"
but that quoted string is essentially a Googlewhack -- the only references to that document are the paper about the SPOT maps and the newly-edited Wikipedia page.
Neither  nor  contain references to that essential document.  I shall ask Gen. McCaffrey whether he can send me a copy, as it is an essential historical document, and then I shall publish it and link it to the Wikipedia article.
-- Jay Jacob Wind (jay.wind@att.net, 703-927-4833)
Jay.wind (talk) 06:37, 29 November 2013 (UTC)
thread_title:  Responding to the question about Reliable Sources 

message: Today, I added fully-documented references to McCaffrey's public service after his retirement from government service including other boards of directors and his advocacy of parity and drug courts.  I also cleaned up my errors in grammar, orthography, punctuation, and spelling.
Jay.wind (talk) 19:23, 29 November 2013 (UTC)
thread_title:  More additions 

message: Is BG Todd B. McCaffrey his son? 71.171.89.90 (talk) 18:56, 28 April 2014 (UTC)
thread_title:  Family 

message: Punch for punch ... nuclear suicide doesn't really work as a shield.  Punch back weapon for weapon army for army.  Treat him as a bully.  And/Or black -- ops Navalny free to speak to Russians.  Dont take putins blackmail.  He always has the choice to kill us all.  That won't change but don't allow it to be an advantage!!!!!!!! 2601:546:8101:3080:933:A548:B867:A74E (talk) 03:40, 25 February 2022 (UTC)
thread_title:  Putin 

message: The following is incorrect as to Cuba.  It was for Haitian refugees, not Cuban. 
“McCaffrey supported humanitarian operations for over 10,000 Cuban refugees as part of Operation Safe Haven from 8 September 1994 – 15 March 1995 at Empire Range, Panama.” 2601:151:8300:9810:F432:2E8B:813B:5696 (talk) 19:49, 17 June 2022 (UTC)
thread_title:  Biography error.