Talk:Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana

message: There were free Africans trading in the region in the 18th Century? The Spanish certainly were not liberal with slaves in those days - they tended to work them to death, and then buy more. I doubt slaves were allowed to travel around trading. 
MarkinBoston (talk) 23:12, 28 May 2012 (UTC)
replies: text: I'm not an expert on free blacks in 18th-century Louisiana, but I do know that under Spanish rule, which began in the 1760s, slaves were given the right to own property under the law of "coartacion." Slaves were allowed to get a fair price for the property they sold. They could use their free time to sell produce in the markets, or hire themselves out as laborers, nurses, craftsmen or artisans. As a result, slaves under Spanish rule, could purchase their own freedom, and could petition the courts for freedom. Therefore, the if the legal status of an individual could change, then a slave could become a freeman, and could then become a slave-owner. This was common. According to an article appearing in the Encyclopedia of Louisiana, by the end of the Spanish period (1803), there were 1,490 free blacks in New Orleans alone that had purchased their own freedom. So, I don't question the statement that there were free blacks trading in the Avoyelles area in the 18th century. I don't know who wrote this, and I don't know what evidence he has, but I don't know anything to make me doubt it. What evidence do you have? PGNormand (talk) 19:26, 30 May 2012 (UTC)
thread_title:  Spanish and African traders?  

message: In chapter VII of Solomon Northup's book Twelve Years a Slave he mentions meeting "Indians" in the woodlands of Avoyelles. I am not sure, however, whether his memoir is particularly reliable concerning this: he describes them as "a remnant of the Chickasaws or Chickopees, if I remember rightly". This doesn't match well with the Tunica-Biloxi Indian Tribe currently described in the article. Here is what Northup has to say:
Indian Creek, in its whole length, flows through a magnificent forest. There dwells on its shore a tribe of Indians, a remnant of the Chickasaws or Chickopees, if I remember rightly. They live in simple huts, ten or twelve feet square, constructed of pine poles and covered with bark. They subsist principally on the flesh of the deer, the coon, and opossum, all of which are plenty in these woods. Sometimes they exchange venison for a little corn and whisky with the planters on the bayous. Their usual dress is buckskin breeches and calico hunting shirts of fantastic colors, buttoned from belt to chin. They wear brass rings on their wrists, and in their ears and noses. The dress of the squaws is very similar. They are fond of dogs and horses—owning many of the latter, of a small, tough breed—and are skillful riders. Their bridles, girths and saddles were made of raw skins of animals; their stirrups of a certain kind of wood. Mounted astride their ponies, men and women, I have seen them dash out into the woods at the utmost of their speed, following narrow winding paths, and dodging trees, in a manner that eclipsed the most miraculous feats of civilized equestrianism. Circling away in various directions, the forest echoing and re-echoing with their whoops, they would presently return at the same dashing, headlong speed with which they started. Their village was on Indian Creek, known as Indian Castle, but their range extended to the Sabine River. Occasionally a tribe from Texas would come over on a visit, and then there was indeed a carnival in the “Great Pine Woods.” Chief of the tribe was Cascalla; second in rank, John Baltese, his son-in-law; with both of whom, as with many others of the tribe, I became acquainted during my frequent voyages down the creek with rafts. Sam and myself would often visit them when the day’s task w as done. They were obedient to the chief; the word of Cascalla was their law. They were a rude but harmless people, and enjoyed their wild mode of life. They had little fancy for the open country, the cleared lands on the shores of the bayous, but preferred to hide themselves within the shadows of the forest. They worshiped the Great Spirit, loved whisky, and were happy.
On one occasion I was present at a dance, when a roving herd from Texas had encamped in their village. The entire carcass of a deer was roasting before a large fire, which threw its light a long distance among the trees under which they were assembled. When they had formed in a ring, men and squaws alternately, a sort of Indian fiddle set up an indescribable tune. It was a continuous, melancholy kind of wavy sound, with the slightest possible variation. At the first note, if indeed there was more than one note in the whole tune, they circled around, trotting after each other, and giving utterance to a guttural, sing-song noise, equally as nondescript as the music of the fiddle. At the end of the third circuit, they would stop suddenly, whoop as if their lungs would crack, then break from the ring, forming in couples, man and squaw, each jumping backwards as far as possible from the other, then forwards—which graceful feat having been twice or thrice accomplished, they would form in a ring, and go trotting round again. The best dancer appeared to be considered the one who could whoop the loudest, jump the farthest, and utter the most excruciating noise. At intervals, one or more would leave the dancing circle, and going to the fire, cut from the roasting carcass a slice of venison.
In a hole, shaped like a mortar, cut in the trunk of a fallen tree, they pounded corn with a wooden pestle, and of the meal made cake. Alternately they danced and ate. Thus were the visitors from Texas entertained by the dusky sons and daughters of the Chicopees, and such is a description, as I saw it, of an Indian ball in the Pine Woods of Avoyelles.
Thomas Peardew (talk) 15:59, 26 April 2014 (UTC)
thread_title:  Native Americans - Solomon Northup 

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