Talk:CP/M

message: Hmmm, the name for the copy command on the old PDP-11 (or possibly PDP-8, I'm not sure which) was "pip", n'est-ce pas?  What is the connection there?
Do you know what OS on the PDP?  I think PIP in CP/M stands for Peripheral Interchange Program, but I am not sure, will look up at some point (I think I set a set of Digital Research CP/M docs somewhere).    --drj
There were several OSs on the PDP.  I myself used RSTS/E on a PDP-11/70, and it used PIP.  --Alan Millar  (nice reference --drj)
CP/M was essentially identical to the OS on the PDP-15, so far as I could see.  I used a PDP-15 a little in 1972-1973.  When I encountered CP/M on a Z-80 machine about 1983, I was amazed that everything was the same.  There were DDT, PIP, and other utilities whose names I forget.  It had the IOByte, named the same as on the -15 to control IO operations.  The utility  names and operations were all just the same, as far as I could remember.  Of course, the assembly code must have been different, but otherwise it was the same.  DEC must have had a family of similar OSs, for the OS on the PDP-8 was similar, but simplified, and less obviously similar to CP/M.  I never used the PDP-11, so I can't really compare its OS, but from what I saw later, the -11 OS was quite a bit different.  I have always thought that Kildare's project  must have been to port (or re-implement) the PDP-15 OS, even though I have never read anything to that effect, because of the remarkable similarities in function and utility names.  --Tom Passin
The "pip" command (indeed standing for "Peripheral Interchange Program") was the swiss army knife of CP/M -- it could do copys, moves, and several other file operations.  It was designed to know all about the various peripherals (hence the name) and how to copy, etc. to each of them. -- NickelKnowledge
:Calling the "pip" syntax "obscure" *grrrr* It does not copy, it assigns, which explains the Pascal-like assignment syntax. The result of such an assignment actually can be a copy but it's a slightly different point of view -- Volker
"pip" exists/existed also on Vax VMS and, presumably, still on OpenVMS. Wilsonsamm (talk) 21:26, 26 January 2010 (UTC)
thread_title: PDP

message: Lots of edits just now - I used CP/M from 1981 till around 1993, mostly on an Osborne 1 and Ibex 7150 - so I missed the 8 inch drives period, mostly. C: hard drive is an MS DOS thing - my Ibex calls the hard drive A: and the floppy B:, and any CP/M machine had to call the drive from which CCP was reloaded the A: drive. User area 0 was not generally accessible to other user areas in stock CP/M, but ZCPR patched this to make it work the way the article used to describe it. Executable files were called .COM in 8-bit CP/M - the .EXE extension was only for MS DOS.  (16-bit CP/M called binaries .CMD). It's a little unfair to call a 30-year old operating system "primitive" by today's standards, especially as you could have found CP/M contemparies which were even harder to use (such as no random access files).  I've also done some reorganizing - the drawback with editing online is that after a few people have touched the article the flow gets murky. --Wtshymanski 05:50, 8 January 2006 (UTC)
thread_title:  Accuracy

message: Should'nt 64000 bytes of memory say 65536 bytes of memory? johan_h 23:15, 19 February 2006 (UTC)
thread_title:  Correct 

message: I am not sure if this (from the "History" section) is correct:
"There were no operating system support for graphics (images) with 8-bit versions of CP/M. While graphics-capable S100 systems existed from the commercialization of the S100 bus, CP/M did not provide any standardized graphics support until the release of CP/M 3.0 with GEM graphics extensions. Owing to the small memory available, graphics was never a common feature associated with 8-bit CP/M operating systems.". On the (8-bit) Amstrad PCW8256, there was something called GSX (Graphics Systems eXtension?), a library providing graphical drawing functions. I thought this was part of CP/M, but I am not sure, and did not find anything on the net about it. Ahy1 12:45, 23 April 2006 (UTC)
replies: text: You are quite right. Graphical Environment Manager has a chapter on GSX. Though, I'm not sure about the actualy timeframe. See also http://www.seasip.demon.co.uk/Cpm/gsx.html. --Frodet 15:16, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

text: Well, CP/M 3.0 was still an 8-bit OS, so was CP/M Plus, as such the above statement that CP/M lacked graphic screen output only holds true for CP/M 2.2 and earlier. And even then this limitation only strictly applies to the OS core, a lot of manufacturers added their own interfaces to CP/M for system calls to their proprietary graphic routines (robotron and their PC1715 as well as A5105 come to mind). There is probably a need to distinguish between quasi-graphics using ASCII codes >127d and full graphics, allowing to access the video hardware through high-level routines for pixel set, circle, line draw, colours etc pp. Of the latter I know that the robotron A5105 was capable of, however, since the commando economy and the political system that made robotron possible in the first place, vanished in 1990, nothing I know of, has ever been implemented in application software what would otherwise have been a full-graphics capable CP/M 2.2 clone. --schubi42 1;55, 28 September 2011 (IST)  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.78.127.110 (talk) 00:57, 28 September 2011 (UTC)

text: Contrary to popular belief, GSX was VERY widespread back in the day, almost every CP/M installation came with it. There was an article in a German computer magazine referring to its widespread use, and of its role in portability of graphics code. All the CP/M systems I've seen back in the day had GSX. 2003:C8:BF07:4293:A587:A8A0:E76A:80CB (talk) 10:10, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
replies: text: I missed out on this "GSX" - none of the machines I used (Osborne, Kaypro, Ibex, Megatel Quark) had GSX.  How useful would graphics even be with only 64 K of CPU address space? --Wtshymanski (talk) 02:33, 15 May 2024 (UTC)
thread_title:  Graphics 

message: The connection between Z80 and 8080 support is not clear, in my opinion.
:In what way is it not clear? That CP/M supports these CPUs or the connection between the Zilog Z80 and the intel 8080? I remember that the Z80 was capable of running i8080 code natively, since the i8080 instruction set was a subset of the Z80's instruction set. Software written for the i8080 would run on Z80 systems. Software written using the extented Z80 instruction set (ie. beyond the i8080 subset), would only work on Z80 and compatibles, but not on i8080 systems. Some application software and CP/M variants (especially towards the end of the CP/M era) required Z80 compatbile CPUs and made use of its extented instruction set. -- schubi42 2:06 28 September 2011 (IST)]]  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.78.127.110 (talk) 01:06, 28 September 2011 (UTC)
thread_title: Z80 and 8080

message: I greatly enhanced the section on the Z-System (ZCPR).  I used the comp.os.cpm FAQ and the listed article from the Computer Journal issue #54.  That article was taken from this url, and had this copyright notice at the bottom:
[This article was originally published in issue 54 of The Computer Journal, P.O. Box 12, South Plainfield, NJ 07080-0012 and is reproduced with the permission of the author and the publisher. Further reproduction for non-commercial purposes is authorized. This copyright notice must be retained.
(c) Copyright 1991, 1992 Socrates Press and respective authors]
This article is also available from this url, presumably the home of ZNode 51 (which would have been a BBS dedicated to ZCPR and CP/M back in the day) and run by Helmut Jungkunz.  This version does *not* have the copyright notices placed as on the other.
I did not use any verbatum text, but rather my own words based on the original.  Could someone verify copyright status of this material?  Thanks...
<SPAN STYLE="font-family:monospace; color:#006666; background-color:#ffff99; border-color:#ff0000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; "> DavidDouthitt </SPAN> (Talk) 03:57, 31 July 2007 (UTC)
replies: text: The Z-System is now GPLed, if that's what you're trying to find out.  Frotz (talk) 21:56, 10 January 2008 (UTC)
thread_title:  ZCPR 

message: I don't think it's particularly meaningful to describe OS/2 or Windows as a "descendant" of CP/M - about the only thing in common is referring to disk drives by a letter. The products were made by different companies for different processors - if CP/M is an "ancestor" to Windows, it's in such a dilute sense that it has no practical meaning. Why aren't Linux and MacOS X also considered "descendants" of CP/M?  I'd like to think an "ancestor" has some clear influence on its descendants, and I bet drive letters are the only thing these have in common.  --Wtshymanski 16:31, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
replies: text: I think we can safely say that the first versions of MSDOS(86-DOS) was originally a 16bit clone of CP/M. I am not sure if that makes it a descendant, but it makes it a closer relative to CP/M than Linux and MacOS X. Still I don't think it should be included in the article unless someone shows sources stating it is a descendant. Ahy1 19:06, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

text: DR-DOS was simply another name for CP/M and it was capable to run Windows. OS/2 was a descendant to DOS and Windows NT simply branched from OS/2 project.--Certh 19:49, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

text: Linux and MacOS X are counted as part of the Unix family.  Frotz 20:25, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
replies: text:  And UNIX is about as much a descendant of CP/M as is Windows Vista, right? I don't think it's at all useful or descriptive to say that the various PC operating systems are descendants of CP/M. --Wtshymanski 23:57, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
replies: text: We weren't saying anything about Unix of any sort being a descendant of CP/M.  Just DOS, OS/2, and Windows.  Frotz 02:24, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

text:  But you haven't explained why UNIX *isn't* a descendant of CP/M, either. Just as no-one has explained what CP/M has to do with Windows, for example.  The proverbial bright 12-year-old Wikipedia user is going to have a terrible time trying to find any CP/Mish features in Windows, *aside from referring to drives by letters* which I submit is hardly unique. If you look hard enough at a whale skeleton you can find the back legs...point out the remains of CP/M in Windows and I'll be convinced.  Just what do you *mean* when you say Windows, OS/2 etc. are "descendants" of CP/M ?  It's a vacuous statement that just pads out the article with no information content. --Wtshymanski 17:12, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
replies: text:  Let me explain the lineage more clearly.  DOS began as a clone of CP/M.  DOS 1.x in particular is exceedingly CP/M-like.  The only significant differences are that DOS replaced PIP with COPY and crude device files.  By DOS 2.x, proper directories were added -- a feature previously found in assorted mainframe and minicomputer operating systems.  From then on, DOS acquired no fundamental changes of the magnitude of directories.  At the same time, Digital Research kept developing CP/M-86, adding the same tweaks that Microsoft added to DOS.  Digital Research decided to take Microsoft head-on and so renamed CP/M-86 to DR-DOS.  Window started as a layer on top of regular DOS.  OS/2 started as an overhaul of DOS.  That makes OS/2 an indirect descendant of CP/M.  Windows NT branched off from this and eventually became the current Windows.  Now the, for the whale legs.  1) The executable file formats for Windows are exactly the same as they were from DOS.  There's a trap at the beginning that checks what operating system is being used.  2) The command line is the same as in DOS.  3) NTFS still has features left over from FAT.  Frotz 18:27, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

text: Do you know that the first name for Windows NT was OS/2 NT? Do you know that OS/2 started as uder the name MS-DOS 3.0 which was planned to support multitasking? The "8.3" file name format comes from CP/M and still preserved in FAT32 and NTFS directory. Windoows 95 was able to run on DR-DOS kernel (although it was prohibited by license).--Certh 19:59, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
replies: text:  We're speaking of CP/M here - every new version of MS DOS since 1.X was supposed to be multitasking, according to hype at the time. In the book "Advanced MS DOS"  Microsoft Press 1986, , page 6,  Ray Duncan points out many differences even between MS DOS 1.0 and CP/M including "...an improved disk-directory structure ...superior disk allocation and management method...an expanded set of operating-system services including hardware independant function calls to set or read the date...".  I don't think it helps the modern student to think of CP/M 80 as an ancestor to anything other than perhaps the first release of MS DOS which had some calling conventions that made mechanical translations of CP/M 80 source code easier do MS DOS 1.X programs even run under later versions? Under Windows? ).  But the charactersitic mode of invoking functions in MS DOS is via Int 21h, which has no comparable equivalent in CP/M. CP/M did not support any interrupts. CP/M had a much cruder file system than even 1.0. True, Duncan does say "ancestor" on page 6, too, but I think it's misleading to speak of CP/M 80 as an ancestor of things like Windows on MS DOS, free-standing Windows, OS/2, and the like - it's just too much of a stretch. Can you still load the CL register with the function number and call 0005H ?  If this doesn't work, then the last traces of CP/M 80 are gone - aside from drive letters, of course. --Wtshymanski 00:37, 23 October 2007 (UTC)
replies: text:  The first MS DOS was simply 86-QDOS - made by Tim Paterson - renamed. Tim Paterson made QDOS (Quick and Dirty Operating System)  to handle the 16-bit 8086 CPU. CP/M at the time only supported 8-bit processors. Digital Research took too long in developing CP/M-86 and Tim Paterson who was trying to sell 8086 CPU boards with Seattle Computers had no OS to sell them with. To quote Paterson "I just took his [Gary Kildall's] printed documentation [for CP/M] and did something that did the same thing." (Kildall accused Paterson of "ripping off" CP/M). To be more precise, the goal of QDOS was that it would be easy to adapt programs that ran on CP/M on the 8080 so they could be run on the 8086. So it takes CP/M functions and it responds in the same way. But it's not simply a clone, it also greatly improved things in file and disk management. So I think MS DOS fits the description of descendant very well.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.145.53.27 (talk) 22:39, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

text: In the RSX-11 article Windows NT descrobed as to be descendant of RSX-11. I think it is much more meaningful to count it a descendant of CP/M than RSX.--Certh 16:02, 12 November 2007 (UTC)
replies: text: I don't think so.  It's well-known that Cutler had a good deal to do with the development of RSX-11, VMS, and NT.  It's not surprising then that all three show similarities.  Frotz 22:33, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
thread_title:  Descendants

message: This is nitpicking, but the current article says "File names consisted of up to 8 characters, a period, then up to three characters as a file name extension."  If I recall correctly, the name was eight characters (padded by spaces, not NUL terminated), and each file also had a three character extension (to the name). There was a convention that commands allowed you to write the name and extension together, separated by a period, but the period wasn't part of the name. In a way this was more like the Mac's hidden type and creator codes.  Nowadays the period has literally become part of the name, and (alas) the information about the kind of information in a file has become conflated with what it's called. RPTB1 (talk) 15:18, 10 January 2008 (UTC)
replies: text: Well, the directory on disk did not store the "." character in the file name but aside from that, there was practically no way to access a file without using the ., if the file had an extension. Andy Johnson-Laird in the "Programmer's CP/M Handbook" confirms that the file name stored on disk was 8+3 characters and that unused characters are filled with spaces, not NUL. I don't have a live cP/M system handy to test this but as I recall but if you wanted to run (or copy or move or delete) WS.COM, you could type WS or WS.COM but not WSCOM - so in that sense the period was a part of the file name even if it was not stored in the disk directory. --Wtshymanski (talk) 18:00, 10 January 2008 (UTC)
replies: text: Yes, that's how I recall it, and how I see it.  Dbfirs 20:48, 2 March 2010 (UTC)
thread_title:  File names and extensions 

message: There should be some discussion of the various Z-80 Co-processor boards that were available for various popular home computer systems. I never used one and I've never used CP/M but it seems an important detail to include these into the history.
I particularly recall Z-80 boards for the Apple II series, which was likely to be extremely weird to use since the normal Apple II disks used GCR encoding, which was utterly incompatible with other home computer systems that used MFM recording. This may be another good example of how unusual disk formats hobbled the CP/M market. 
They weren't a coprocessor working in conjunction with the main system CPU but instead tended to operate as a complete replacement to the main processor. I have not been able to determine if any of these Z-80 boards were truly capable of co-processing, which is running a CP/M program while the main CPU is running, and potentially passing data and commands back and forth between the Z-80 and the main system processor.
DMahalko (talk) 02:36, 22 October 2008 (UTC)
thread_title:  Z-80 Co-processor expansion boards 

message: Does a comprehensive list of CP/M software titles exist? 2fort5r (talk) 19:03, 22 January 2009 (UTC)
thread_title: Software

message: MS DOS file allocation table is a linked list of disk "clusters" (bigger than a sector), stored in 12 (later, 16) bits) in a dedicated region of the disk. CP/M used "extents" which were a listing of allocation blocks in order, repeated in the directory as many times as needed until the entire file was mapped. These are conceptually quite different. I read somewhere that FAT was derived from the file-system used by Microsoft's free-standing disk BASICs - the kind where the BASIC language system *is* the operating system. These apparently used the FAT system, although I expect they weren't necessarily an MS DOS compatible disk format.  In any case, saying that FAT is like CP/M's extents is a bit like saying a snowmobile is like a motorcycle. Some similarities, sure, but things are very different where the rubber meets the road.  --Wtshymanski (talk) 15:13, 2 March 2010 (UTC)
replies: text: Perhaps the difference between a scooter and a motorbike?  Is it just the linking that distinguishes FATs from extents?  (I'm not an expert in either bikes or filesystems.)  Dbfirs 20:39, 2 March 2010 (UTC)
replies: text:  The File Allocation Table article confirms that FAT comes from freestanding disk BASIC. My analogy was meant to indicate a difference in mechanics, not in scale. If you were to do a hex dump of a CP/M directory it would look like and be formatted quite differently from an MS DOS directory and FAT. It's solving the same problem in two very different ways. In any case, FATs didn't exist in CP/M 80 and so could not have been "borrowed" from CP/M for MS DOS. --Wtshymanski (talk) 22:25, 2 March 2010 (UTC)
replies: text:  But they're both just lists.  I would guess that the FAT linking idea came from the usual BASIC line linking.  I've done a hex dump of a CP/M file table long ago. I can't remember now just what it looked like, but it was certainly simpler.  I was more familiar with DFS & ADFS.  The only patents that Microsoft have for FAT are for their way of implementing long filenames.  I would be surprised if they invented the linked-list file system, but they certainly made it popular.  Dbfirs 23:53, 2 March 2010 (UTC)
thread_title: FAT vs Extents

message: Im missing any mention of the concept of Transient Program Area size. The architectural differences between CP/M machines meant that some machines (even fully stocked with RAM) could only achieve a small TPA such as 48K, while others could have much larger TPA's almost up to the maximum of 64K. As CP/M machines often contrasted in little else, a smart, memory saving architecture  was often a big distinguishing and thus selling point. Mahjongg (talk) 10:57, 27 May 2010 (UTC)
thread_title: Transient Program Area

message: In January 1987, Richard Conn decided to stop developing ZCPR, and Echelon asked Jay Sage (who already had a privately enhanced ZCPR 3.1) to continue work on ZCPR.  Thus, ZCPR 3.3 was developed and released.  ZCPR33 no longer supported the 8080 series of microprocessors, and added the most features of any upgrade in the ZCPR line.
Nowhere else in the article is "Echelon" mentioned. Who is "Echelon" ?  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.215.166.4 (talk) 16:48, 19 November 2010 (UTC)
replies: text: It was added with this edit: . According to the ZCPR 3.3 User Manual (), Echelon was the company who owned ZCPR. Their address in 1987 was Echelon, Inc., 885 N San Antonio Road, Los Altos, CA 94022 USA. I don't know if this only applies to the 3.3 version or also to previous versions of ZCPR. --Matthiaspaul (talk) 20:01, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
thread_title:  Obscure reference to person or company Echelon 

message: "Furthermore, it powered the popular Amstrad PCW word-processing system..."
If I remember correctly, although these computers could (and did) run CP/M as well, the word processing software, Locoscript, was an operating system in itself. It did not "sit on top" of CP/M. You booted either Locoscript, or CP/M.  Hundovir (talk) 19:23, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
replies: text: Ah yes! See LocoScript. Hundovir (talk) 19:26, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
replies: text: I've edited the article to avoid the implication that LocoScript ran on CP/M. Letdorf (talk) 22:56, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
thread_title:  3.1.2 Portability 

message: When is the date that CP/M Plus was released?  The cited INfo World article is from 1983, but doesn't say when the software was released; and a November 1982 article also in Info World talks about CP/M Plus as if it was released. --Wtshymanski (talk) 14:39, 17 October 2011 (UTC)
replies: text: Only the announcement was 1982, the release was surely in the first quarter of 1983, the first edition of the CP/M Plus User Manual is from January 1983, and the second edition came in March 1983. An authentic reproduction of the manual can be found here.--93.82.14.214 (talk) 09:00, 18 October 2011 (UTC)
replies: text:  Which ones? 8-bit or 16-bit? Were releases for the 8080 and 8086 concurrent? Could you type in the citation for the user manual, which would be a more authoritative source than the Info World articles which seem to be inconsistent and non-specific on the release date. --Wtshymanski (talk) 13:35, 18 October 2011 (UTC)
replies: text: Man, how ignorant are you? Again, read the stuff, we only talk about CP/M Plus, and if it is 8- or 16-bit is clearly described in the mentioned manual and this article! It would be better you first become familiar with the naming conventions of an OS, before you start a useless discussion like that! --93.82.9.10 (talk) 10:08, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
replies: text: Given, that there also was a CP/M-86 Plus and that a lot of people follow a strange habit of abbreviating product names, instead of using the full official names (and even Digital Research changed names and spellings of some products over time), I find your tone highly inappropriate. There's not the slightest reason to be rude. --Matthiaspaul (talk) 14:53, 19 October 2011 (UTC)

text: I'm at least as ignorant as anyone who has the misfortune of trying to use a Wikipedia article to find out anything about CP/M.  Not all of us are as cultured, civilized, well-read, and universally loved as you are. --Wtshymanski (talk) 13:17, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
thread_title:  Release date

message: As someone who used the ORIGINAL CP/M so heavily as to have DISASSEMBLED IT (having written my own disassembler - "Resource" -- get it?  Re-Source?).  I was forced to transfer my PURCHASED copy by "modem beeping into an audio cassette" and the critical MAIN FILE was corrupt so I had to disassemble the 2nd copy on the disc which was there for relocation purposes.  
From seeing the internals, I realize it was written on a TINY machine, using "jump tables" (an array of JMP instruction to various entry points) at the front of each "chunk".   This allowed assembling CHANGES to a single part (say, the file system) while not changing anything else, UNLESS the changes exceeded the space laid out for it manually in the memory map. 
I later REMOVED all the jump tables and dead space (after a module before the next one started on some well determined boundary) and thus my "version" became somewhat smaller, etc. 
I also enhanced the assembler to sort of go back to being able to assemble something much larger than practical, by changing one unused op code to "link" which was a SOURCE TIME link to the next chunk of a huge assembly file (such as CBBS, the world's first microcomputer BBS, was).  
I totally understood the memory organization, the use of the customized BIOS, the relocation program, the organization of the file system, etc. 
Also, I could swear that its author told me it stood for "Control Program/Microcomputer", but if there are documented sources (which I've not sought) I gladly accept some better documented source than my failing memory. 
is there anything about my significant experience and not-too-bad writing style that could or should be used to enhance this article?  For that matter, is there a place in Wikipedia where people discuss what is appropriate, and to what extent there is interest in picking the brain of someone with as much early history in narrow aspects of microcomputers, as I have?
WardXmodem (talk) 17:39, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
replies: text: The best places to discuss the matter are the corresponding talk pages and for more general stuff perhaps Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Computing as well. There's still a lot of information missing regarding CP/M and its relatives. And there are only a few editors with the corresponding knowledge to fill those gaps. So, if you have the time and dedication, I would like to encourage you to share your knowledge. Just go for it. --Matthiaspaul (talk) 19:29, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
thread_title:  Any help needed for CP/M article? 

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thread_title:  External links modified 

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thread_title:  External links modified 

message: Good work   do you want to improve the article further? —usernamekiran (talk) 00:11, 25 March 2017 (UTC)
replies: text: I only returned one picture... My experience with CP/M is rather limited (I was born in the MS-DOS era) - first time I used this OS was this year via WinUAE/VICE/C128 emulation. I may provide more OS/application screenshots for the Commons, if needed. I can also add references based on old magazines, but sourcing in this article seems to be good in comparison to other articles about old computers/OSs. Do you have anything particular in mind? Pavlor (talk) 08:53, 25 March 2017 (UTC)
thread_title:  March 2017 

message: Some of the text actually mention "I tested" and stuff in first person. This makes the article feel biased.
Also, while I'm not an expert, I'm not too sure of the accuracy of the text in the section, because the command interpreter in MS-DOS wasn't cmd.exe, it was command.com. cmd started being used in OS/2 and Windows NT, not before. 2800:150:137:BFF:986D:10FD:2142:9227 (talk) 07:10, 13 September 2023 (UTC)
thread_title:  Displacement by MS-DOS 

message: The redirect DAC (operating system) has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached.  Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 12:04, 4 February 2024 (UTC)
thread_title:  "[[:DAC (operating system)]]" listed at [[Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion|Redirects for discussion]]