Talk:Rock oyster

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message: Section "Ostrea (Saccostrea) saccellus" starts at page 471 in Tome XXII (1920) of Memoire no. 27, Conchyliologie du Miogène moyen du Bassin de la Loire by G.-F. Dollfus and Ph. Dautzenberg.  
Taxonomically, the main point is the heading "Ostrea (Saccostrea) sacellus", but I've transcribed the full text below. I feel this is worth preserving somewhere, as the OCR at BHL needed a lot of manual clean-up. 
It seems that O./S. sacellus was being described as a separate fossil-only species: are the museum specimens illustrated in plate LI fossils?  Either way, it was later synonymized with the living O./S. cucculata / cucullata. 
«  » — Comme M. Deshayes l’a montré, 
cette huître, confondue par Lamarck avec l’Ostrea undata, doit être distinguée comme espéce ; elle 
a beaucoup de rapports avec les Ostrea cornucopiæ et cucullata, dont la valve inférieure est également
creusée en capuchon ou en corne d’abondance. Malheureusement son état de conservation ne permet 
pas de la caractériser complètement » (Dujardin). 
...
En créant l’Ostrea saccellus, Dujardin a cité comme synonymes douteaux l’O. cornucopiæ 
Lamarck, espèce actuelle, et ensuite l’O. crenata Lamarck var., fossile de
Bordeaux et de Dax. Mais il y a lieu de remarquer tout d’abord qu’il n’existe pas
d’Ostrea crenata de Lamarck et que ce nom a été imprimé par erreur au lieu
d ’undata ; ensuite que l’habitat de la variété indiquée par Lamarc ne provient pas
de Bordeaux ni de Dax, mais de Boutonnet, près de Montpellier. Quoi qu’il en soit, 
ni l’O. undata ni sa variété ne sont assimilables à l’O. saccellus : l’O. undata 
typique est, en effet, comme l’ont démontré MM. Delbos et Raulin dans leur revision
des Huîtres du Sud-Ouest, la grande espèce nominée O. aquitanica par Mayer et sa
variété (b) qui est devenue Ostrea Serresi Tournouër, espèce plus grande que le saccellus, 
à talon moins développé et ayant la valve supérieure ondulée el moins immergée.
Nous avons pu, grâce à l’obligeance de notre ami M. Bedot, qui nous a communiqué 
des photographies des types de l’O. undata conservés au Musée de Genève,
vérifier que les assertions de MM. Delbos et Raulin sont exactes.
La synonymie de l’O. saccellus est difficile à établir, car son nom a souvent été
attribué a d’autres espèces fossiles, tandis que le véritable saccellus a été rapproché
à tort de l’O. cornucopiæ, espèce actuelle de l’Afrique occidentale et de l’O. cucullata 
Born, de l’Océan Indien. Chez ces deux formes vivantes, la valve supérieure a,
en effet, un contour polygoné qui s’inserre exactement dans les anfractuosités du
pourtour de la valve inférieure. 
Par sa valve supérieure immergée dans l’inférieure et nullement polygonée,
l’O. saccellus se rapprocherait plutôt de l’O. Forskali Chemnitz, de la Mer Rouge,
mais tandis que chez cette espèce exotique le bord interne de la valve supérieure est
lisse et dépourvu de denticulations, sauf à proximité des crochets, la valve supérieure
de l’O. saccellus est fortement denticulée sur tout son pourtour.
L’Ostrea du Bordelais qui a été nommé saccellus par les auteurs qui se sont
occupés de cette région et que MM. Cossmann et Peyrot ont eu raison de séparer
sous le nom d’O. Duvergieri (Conch. Néog. Aquitaine, II, p. 386, pl. XX, fig. 23–28), 
ne doit pas être confondu avec notre espèce de Touraine, car sa valve supérieure 
a les bords internes lisses, comme chez l’O. Forskali. 
L’O. costatospinosa Mayer–Eymar (Journ. de Conch., 1894, p. 117, pl. V, fig. 1,
1, 1), nous paraît n’être qu’un O. saccellus déformé. 
Origine et dispersion : L’O. saccellus est l’une des espèces caractéristiques du
faciès pontilévien des Faluns, où il marque les dépôts côtiers. Il devient très rare
dans le faciès savignéen a Bryozoaires de l’Ouest.
Drawing on Google Translate and Microsoft Translator, then tidying up grammar a little, I get: 
«O. Shell ovate-cuneiform, intussus sacciform; lower valve spooned, parce plicate; plicis
undulatis; upper valve flat; crenulate margin. » - As Mr. Deshayes has shown,
this oyster, confused by Lamarck with Ostrea undata, must be distinguished as a species; she
has many relationships with Ostrea cornucopiæ and cucullata, whose lower valve is also
dug into a hood or cornucopia. Unfortunately, its state of conservation does not allow
it to be characterized completely » (Dujardin).
...
In creating Ostrea saccellus, Dujardin cited as questionable synonyms O. cornucopiæ 
Lamarck, the present species, and then O. crenata Lamarck var., fossil of
Bordeaux and Dax. But it should be noted first that there is no
Ostrea crenata of Lamarck and that name was printed incorrectly instead
of undata; then that the habitat of the variety indicated by Lamarck does not come from
Bordeaux or Dax, but Boutonnet, near Montpellier. Anyway,
neither O. undata nor its variety are similar to O. saccellus: the O. undata
is typical, in fact, as demonstrated by MM. Delbos and Raulin in their review
of the Southwest Oysters, [of?] the large species named O. aquitanica by Mayer and his
variety (b) which has become Ostrea Serresi Tournouër, a species larger than saccellus,
with a less developed heel and and less submerged wavy upper valve.
We were able, thanks to the obligation of our friend Mr. Bedot, who communicated with us
photographs of the types [specimaens] of O. undata preserved in the Geneva Museum, to
verify that the assertions of MM. Delbos and Raulin are accurate.
The synonymy of the O. saccellus is difficult to establish, as its name has often been
attributed to other fossil species, while the true saccellus was wrongly 
brought closer to O. cornucopiæ, a species present in West Africa, and the O. cucullata
Born, from the Indian Ocean. In these two living forms, the upper valve has,
in fact, a polygon contour that fits exactly in the outcrops of the
around the lower valve.
By its upper valve immersed in the lower and not polygonized,
O. saccellus would be closer to O. Forskali Chemnitz, from the Red Sea,
but while in this exotic species the inner edge of the upper valve is
smooth and devoid of denticulations, except near the hooks, the upper valve
of O. saccellus is strongly denticular all around.
The Ostrea of Bordelais which was named saccellus by the authors who 
work in that region, and that MM. Cossmann and Peyrot were right to separate
as O. Duvergieri (Conch. Neog. Aquitaine, II, p. 386, pl. XX, figs. 23–28),
should not be confused with our Touraine species, because its superior valve
has smooth inner edges, as in O. Forskali. 
The O. costospinosa Mayer-Eymar (Journ. de Conch., 1894, p. 117, pl. V, fig. 1,
1, 1), seems to us to be only one deformed O. saccellus.
Origin and dispersion: O. saccellus is one of the characteristic species of the
pontifeval facade of the Faluns, where it marks the coastal deposits. It becomes very rare
in the savignéen facade at Western Bryozoaires.
Pelagic (talk) 11:07, 22 March 2020 (UTC)
thread_title:  Original mention of Saccostrea