Talk:Biodegradable plastic

message: Merge to Bioplastics? How can you merge a product to manufacture bioplastics into bioplastics?
Well I got confused (still am a bit) why are there different articles for bioplastic and biodegradeable plastic. there should at least be links to each article from the other with explainations if there is a reason that they aren't merged.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bbdougl (talk • contribs) 23:07, 3 March 2008 (UTC)
thread_title: Merge

message: Please explain your "opinions" on the Bio-Batch work, as well as your "opinion" on biodegradation.
According to ASTM 5511 ASTM 5338 as well as the ISO 14001.
Thank you, ASTM 6400 is a unique test made only for industrial composting facilities that do not exist in numbers in the US. Also Composting is much different then Biodegradation, you can look this up in any dictionary, and if rightfully so, then PLA and PSM do not fit in this category of composting and should be labelled as Industrial Composting Only.
:Biodegradation is The breakdown of organic materials into simpler components by microorganisms, composting is also the breakdown of organic materials into simpler components by microorganisms and hence composting is a form of biodegradation. The Bio-Batch article reads like an advert for the Bio-Batch technology and the links you have inserted into articles such as biodegradation read very much like spam. I suggest you tweak your article to be NPOV and place links to the Bio-Batch website where it is relevant- i.e. bioplastics and on the Bio-Batch article. A link to the Bio-Batch website is not appropriate on the biodegradation article. --Alex 13:50, 25 August 2006 (UTC)
replies: text: There certainly seems to be a direct connection between one and the other. Perhaps we can be enlightened ? Mrs Trellis 18:00, 26 August 2006 (UTC)
replies: text: This is an article stub created by removing of an article which was clearly advertising by User:Callsign. Anyone that has a technical knowledge of biodegradable plastics and are able to provide differentiation with bioplastic, unbiasedly, would be very welcome! Alex 15:57, 27 August 2006 (UTC)
thread_title:  Biodegradation 

message: The main disadvantage with oil-based biodegradable plastics is that their degradation contributes to global warming through the release of carbon dioxide as a main end product. This does not apply to starch based plastics as they are formed from carbon which is already in the ecosystem (via photosynthesis). 
Unless someone can cite this it doesn't make scientific sense because oil based plastics were formed from oils, formed from animals which ate plants and so the carbon from the oil came from plants and from photosynthesis, so any carbon dioxide release will be long overdue by millions of years... would also have come from the ecosystem.Tourskin 05:59, 20 July 2007 (UTC)
replies: text: Actually, that does make some sense.  (No, I did not write it.)  First, let's consider a simpler question.  Why does pumping oil out of the ground and then burning it cause the amount of CO2 in the air to increase, while growing plants and then burning them doesn't?  Most oil that is pumped out of the ground would have stayed there for many millions of years if it had not been pumped.  So,  burning oil puts carbon (in carbon dioxide) into the air that would not have been in either the air or the ecosystem had the oil not been pumped out of the ground.  On the other hand, burning plants just returns carbon dioxide to the air that the plants originally took from the air using photosynthesis; thus it makes little long term difference to the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.  (In the short run, growing plants and storing them for a while temporarily removes carbon dioxide from the air.)  If the plastic really is biodegraded by aerobic respiration by bacteria, as the author of the passage is assuming, the end result will be as if it had been burned.  So the only questionable thing is whether all these plastics really are biodegraded by aerobic respiration.  Cardamon 07:20, 20 July 2007 (UTC)
replies: text: But growing plants using petroleum based fertilizers and then burning them would be a net carbon release..--64.136.252.140 (talk) 22:04, 19 January 2010 (UTC)

text: in order for anything to biodegrade by science standards you will create either CO2 or CH4, depending on if it is Anearobic or Aerobic biodegradation. The person siting this makes no sense. PHA's PHB's PLA's Oil Based, PCL's, PBS's, yada yada all create CH4 or CO2, or they are not biodegrading. User:Callsign  —Preceding comment was added at 23:01, 5 March 2008 (UTC)
thread_title:  Contradiction 

message: The carbon footprint (CO2 and methane emissions) of biofuels and bioplastics is debateable. There seems to be a consensus that Europe's use of biofuels has, in aggregate, to date, increased global greenhouse gas emissions.This is due to for instance the use of palm oil products which has made palm oil production more profitable, thus getting more rainforest cleared to build palm oil plantations.
There is also a question how much "environmentally friendly" biofuel / bioplastics is available. Biofuel / bioplastics from well managed, temperate forests e.g. in Scandinavia has been held out as a good sourse. But Bjart Holtsmark, a researcher at Norways Statistical Office, has shown that increased logging to produce biofuel creates an "emissions debt" which takes over a century to pay back. E.g. cutting down trees today to make biofuel instead of using fossile fuel will increase greenhouse gas emissions for 100 - 200 years, before the "debt" is paid back.
Holtsmark's work is well written, peer reviewed and really super relevant to this article (at least if it covers bioplastics), and should be cited IMHO.
https://www.ssb.no/en/forskning/ansatte/bjart-j.holtsmark
Holtsmark, B. (2015), Quantifying the global warming potential of CO2 emissions from wood fuels. GCB Bioenergy, 7: 195–206. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12110
Rodnebb (talk) 11:04, 20 March 2017 (UTC)
thread_title:  Carbon footprint of biofuels and bioplastics 

message: I've temporarily locked the article due to recent frequent edits that were not appropriate.  If there are any concerns over this please state them here.  Halogenated (talk) 02:48, 12 September 2008 (UTC)
thread_title:  Temporary lock 

message: Changes made: These also are the criteria used by the Biodegradble Products Institute to certify that a plastic will biodegrade in a compost environment without environmental side-effects . http://www.bpiworld.org/
(Environmental Side-Effects) # PLA/ethanol is creating more global warming pollution than gasoline according to the  Environmental Defense Org., November, 2007.
# GMO corn kills the larvae of beneficial pollinators, including the Monarch butterfly, and other beneficial insects. It fails, for example, to kill the African Cotton Worm, but kills the beneficial Green Lacewing that eats Cotton Worms. Insects develop resistance to the engineered Bt toxin over time, threatening to render natural Bt sprays useless for organic farmers — a tool allowed as a last resort.
# GMO corn threatens organic farmers and a sustainable environment. Pollen drift and genetic contamination reduce biodiversity. (Packaging and Plastics, July, 2006, by Natalie Reitman-White and Bob Doppelt
# A recent article from the World Bank states that 75% of the increase in food prices is because of corn used for biofuels. The US claims of 3% are way off. One would also have to include any corn based plastics as they are also using corn that would normally be used for food. The Guardian; July 4, 2008, Aditya Chakrabortty
# Smithfield Foods’ CEO C. Larry Pope, stated that the problems his company currently face are due to the high cost of corn, not to the recession. “Profits are down because of the recession. We’d be doing fine if corn prices hadn’t skyrocketed.” The Virginia-Pilot, Feb. 12, 2009
# NatureWorks has been cited by the state of Nebraska for air pollution. They were guilty of emitting organic compounds (VOC) and hazardous air pollutants above the permitted levels- Plastic News, Dec., 2006.
(Biodegradable Products Institute is not a governing authority, this is an advertisement for their $4,800 Logo Program, a non profit that outsources all of their testing to accredited labs on the ASTM D6400 and D6868)
(Personal Opinions, non science based)
There is no scientific definition for biodegradable plastics only compostable in an industrial compost(Incorrect read ASTM D5511) although various researchers may claim that plastics with different rates of biodegradation (from months to years) are biodegradable for marketing purposes only(Incorrect and non science based). No additive base plastic currently meets these mainstream definitions of biodegradble / compostable to include biobatch and oxodegradable additives (Incorrect biobatch does, please read the ASTM D5511 method, which is the same as the D5338 method which the ASTM D6400 standard references, please review)http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/publications/Plastics/2009001.pdf
(Incorrect the ASTM D5511)
Because of various temperature, humidity and microbial environments in landfills there is not test that will ensure a compostable plastic will biodegrade in a landfill. For example what may biodegrade in Florida in the summer may not in an Alaskan winter so the ASTM D20 committee on plastics had not published a definition of biodegrade in a landfill
Once again the D5511  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Callsign (talk • contribs) 07:24, 14 May 2009 (UTC)
thread_title:  Contradictions, Adverts, Concerns 

message: There should be a section listing plastics in this category. I've found the following partial list:
*polybutylene adipate/terephthalate
*polybutylene succinate
*polybutylene succinate/adipate
*polybutylene succinate/carbonate
*polybutylene succinate terephthalate
*polytetramethylene adipate/terephthalate
*polycaprolactone
-- Dougher (talk) 01:53, 17 July 2009 (UTC)
thread_title:  Need section listing names of plastics in this category 

message: I came here looking for timescales for biodegradation. How long does it take typical biodegradable, oxo-degradable and non-degradable materials to degrade in aerobic and anaerobic environments? The only clue in the article is the sentence "Disposing of biodegradable plastics made from natural materials in anaerobic (landfill) environments will result in the plastic lasting for hundred of years." Rough orders of magnitude (years, 10s of years, 100s of years, etc.) would do. 79.199.61.21 (talk) 06:31, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
thread_title:  Timescales? 

message: : For the US to meet its current output of plastics production with BPs, it would require 1.62 square meters per kilogram produced[25].
That sounds far too low to be true. Maybe it should read "1.62 square kilometers per kilogram produced"? Also it seems that a unit of time is missing -> "per kilogram produced per year"? Can anyone with access to the cited source check what it says there? --Chrissi (talk) 16:04, 28 January 2010 (UTC)
thread_title:  Space requirements? 

message: Please note that this page has been altered to delete all mention of alternatives to compostable plastics. This revision omits all reference to competing technologies, which include entire categories of biodegradable plastics. Two categories which have been omitted are oxo-biodegradable plastics and micro-biodegradable plastics. It seems likely that this edit of this Wikipedia entry has been made by those holding financial interests in 'compostable' plastics such as polylactic acid, or PLA. Companies which recently heavily lobbied for PLA in the below discussed California legislature include Cargill, Incorporated, doing business as under the name of its wholly owned subsidiary, Nature Works, and Archer Daniels Midland. Cargill has frequently been described as a bad corporate citizen, and it has been accused of many violations of labor and safety laws in many countries. The PLA lobby maintains a website devoted wholly to serving its interests, which describes legitimate alternatives to its technology as being scams and frauds at http://greenwashingspy.com  -and it seems likely that this edit of this entry is a part of the same disinformation campaign by the PLA lobby. It may be also connected to a lobbying organization which has misrepresented itself as an environmental organization, the Biodegradable Products Institute, or BPI. For an contrasting view of the subject of biodegradable plastics, see . According to information on that website, to replace the disposable plastic items discarded in the United States with plastics based on corn, it would take enough grain to feed over one third of the world's hungry people, if it were made of PLA sourced corn. It may reasonably be inferred that profits despite massive humanitarian consequences are the goal of the PLA lobby and the corn lobby of which it is a subset. Biofuels made from corn promoted by the corn lobby have already been implicated in increasing world hunger by the United Nations. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Junket76 (talk • contribs) 
Changes made to this content, Scientific Definitions should not have a bill passed by California Legislation. Please place in the correct area on the page. Callsign (talk) 19:52, 5 January 2011 (UTC)
thread_title:  Comment 

message: Citation is an unreliable source REF 10, it has no bearing as it is a 3rd party trade organization promoting their certifications.Callsign (talk) 23:36, 5 January 2011 (UTC)
replies: text: The citation numbers change, so please provide the full name of the reference. Wizard191 (talk) 15:04, 6 January 2011 (UTC)
thread_title:  Unreliable Source

message: Ingeo and Mirel were removed because they are Trade Names and advertising their products.
PLA is the resin for INGEO and PHA is the resin for Mirel Callsign (talk) 23:40, 5 January 2011 (UTC)
thread_title:  Advertising 

message: There is another contradiction here: 'Biodegradable plastics are plastics that will decompose in natural aerobic (composting) and anaerobic (landfill) environments.' (first line of first paragraoh in introduction/background) and 'However, certified biodegradable plastics require a specific environment of moisture and oxygen to biodegrade, conditions found in professionally managed composting facilities.' (first line of second paragraph under the section 'Environmental benefits of biodegradable plastics depend upon proper disposal')  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 175.156.201.217 (talk) 14:16, 11 September 2011 (UTC)
thread_title:  More Contradictions 

message: I came across this page and a few things raised some concerns for me. While I am barely starting out as a wikipedia editor, and while I really do want biodegradable plastics to succeed, I feel like this article downplays many problems with biodegradable plastics and reads like an article of persuasion. Part of the problem is many of the criticisms are hidden under a section titled "Environmental benefits of biodegradable plastics depend upon proper disposal." Also, in some places, the article sets up a problem or concern, and then gives an answer or solution to show that the problem is not real or important. I feel like it is overall unbalanced and persuasive, and I'd like a few impartial and more experienced editors to weigh in on if it really is the case.  
Thanks, Semitones (talk) 17:20, 13 November 2011 (UTC)
replies: text: I feel the same, the article is a mass of uncited cruft, but the process was closer to this: Someone makes an uncited claim. Someone else comes and edits in "However, ...," then a third person joins in with "But that's unimportant because...," as if each sentence was a forum post, leaving us with a garbage article that is unscientific, unencyclopedic, and terribly written. Then the Environmental benefits and Environmental concerns sections essentially repeat the same arguments. It's hard to tell what's important because multiple people have made the article too wishy-washy to mean anything. It desperately needs an expert. Foxyshadis(talk) 19:51, 3 March 2012 (UTC)
thread_title:  Neutral Point of View check 

message: The source of the cited quotation is www.compostable.info, a website about the Canadian Certification Program for compostable plastic bags which is an initiative of The Compost Council of Canada, not the plastics industry. The definitions listed on the website seem to be provided merely to establish a basic terminology, as the criteria that have to be met in order to be certified for the mark of conformity "COMPOSTABLE" are not set by the ASTM definition but by the documents BNQ 9011-911/2007 and CAN/BNQ 0017-988. One of these requirements is that germination rate of seeds and rate of plant growth must be within 10% of the rates obtained on "normal" compost. 
Other labels have other standards, and may or may not represent the plastics industry. For example the Biodegradable Products Institute is a label used in the US. To judge the merits of such labels one should examine the requirements and test procedures.
To determine whether these labels' use of the term "compostable" differs significantly from the accepted definition of the word, one would first have to show that such a generally accepted definition exists. Neither this article nor the compostable article provides a reliable source for that.  Ssscienccce (talk) 08:59, 16 September 2012 (UTC)
thread_title:  Controversy 

message: Deleted the ridiculous definition of changing plastic to it's base components. Biodegradation has always meant capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms. If you can't read a dictionary one will be provided to you.  http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/biodegradable— Preceding unsigned comment added by GGIwin (talk • contribs) 23:07, 20 April 2013 (UTC)
thread_title: Dictionary Definition

message: I appreciate the work that went into including the "Hydrocarbon Eating Microbes" list, but I'm not sure that a list of 116 genera belongs in an encyclopaedia entry, especially unsourced. This seems like information for a microbiology database, not an introduction to biodegradable plastics, especially when the list is not introduced or referenced in any article text, and determining its relevance is left up to the reader.Nsteinberg (talk) 00:19, 28 April 2013 (UTC)
replies: text: I agree that the list is too indiscriminate as presented relative to the topic. I've removed this section from the article. Below is a copy of what was removed. Northamerica1000(talk) 12:44, 5 May 2013 (UTC)
thread_title:  "Hydrocarbon Eating Microbes" list 

message: "OBD plastics may produce tiny fragments of plastic that do not continue to degrade"
How many molecules of plastic in a typical plastic bag..? Trillions? So after a grocery bag "bio-degrades", then instead of one discrete plastic bag in the environment, there are trillions of individual plastic molecules. That seems infinitely more hazardous and insidious than a single pastic bag. 
This point isn't stressed nearly enough in the article.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.208.71.221 (talk) 21:01, 1 August 2013 (UTC)
thread_title:  NOT truly biodegraeable 

message: I added a citation to the section of Environmental benefits, because there was a suggestion for a citation there. I then realized the sentence was directly quoted from many sources, so I found an article discussing the topic and rephrased the sentence so that it wouldn't be copying the article.  The article I used as the citation is here: http://www.mpponline.in/european-parliament-committee-vote-for-100-biodegradable-plastic-bags/
The sentence I rephrased was this: It takes 2.65 kg (5.8 lb) of corn to make 1 kg (2.2 lb) of polylactic acid, the most common commercially compostable plastic.
Telupei (talk) 00:06, 22 March 2015 (UTC)
thread_title:  Rephrase of Sentence and added citation 

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thread_title:  External links modified 

message: There's several downsides to biodegradeable plastics (lifespan, physical properties, etc.) so why aren't they mentioned?Rody1990 (talk) 11:51, 8 June 2018 (UTC)
thread_title:  Advantages and disadvantages section could use some actual disadvantages. 

message: Regulation section of this article needs to explore different countries. This will provide readers will a balanced overview when considering world perspective on biodegradable plastic. Only have the United States as the control can be detrimental as it gives a bias persepctive . 
Manon1998 (talk) 08:27, 20 August 2018 (UTC)
thread_title:  Expansion Needed  

message: Information to be added or removed: 
Processing considerations 
A study by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture in Germany examined the manufacturability of biodegradable plastics as compared to conventional plastics based on processing parameters such as shrinkage behavior, plasticizing capacity and processing temperature for injection molding. The study found that, overall, the processing of biodegradable plastics is similar to that of conventional plastics and reasonable cycle times can be achieved. 
As with switching from one conventional plastic to another, though, switching to bioplastics requires the injection molder to make material-specific modifications to their processing parameters. For example, an injection molder might need to dry the plastic prior to processing, lower processing temperatures or adjust the cavity parameters to account for different shrinkage behaviors between the two materials. 
While pre-drying is a key processing consideration for all bioplastics, it is critical for biodegradable plastics. Excess moisture present in biodegradable plastics will not only cause processing problems (i.e., decreased mechanical performance and increased melt index), but the moisture may cause hydrolysis in the material resulting in a loss of molecular weight while the product is in use. To prevent such issues, the processing recommendations set forth by the biodegradable plastic manufacturer should always be followed. 
A common misconception is that biodegradable plastics, as a category, exhibit a narrow range of physical properties. In reality, material manufacturers are now capable of alloying and blending biodegradable polymers (e.g., PLA, PBS, PBAT, etc.) to meet specific performance parameters without sacrificing compostability. The percent elongation of PLA, a generally rigid polymer, can be increased as much as 18.7% when compounded with a compostable elastomeric bioplastic. Using the same impact modifier, the impact strength of PLA can be increased more than 400%. 
Explanation of issue: While this page gives an in-depth look at a lot of sub-topics within biodegradable plastic, processing considerations are not discussed. Since biodegradables have different processing requirements, adding a detailed section allows the reader to achieve a more holistic understanding of the topic. 
References supporting change: https://www.ifbb-hannover.de/files/IfBB/downloads/EV_Processing-of-Bioplastics-2016.pdf
76wikibananas (talk) 16:52, 8 November 2018 (UTC)
thread_title: Some proposed changes

message: * What you've provided appears to be a verbose discussion of the various characteristics of plastics. Please be aware that this is the talk page for discussing improvements to the Biodegradable plastic article. This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject.
* It is unclear from the passage mentoned above, which changes you'd like made to the article. Kindly make your request in the form of "Please change x to y using z as a reference." Regards,  Spintendo  23:48, 8 November 2018 (UTC)
thread_title: Reply 08-NOV-2018

message: Information to be added or removed: Please add the below section ("Processing considerations for biodegradable plastics") using this study as a reference. 
Explanation of issue: While this page gives an in-depth look at a lot of sub-topics within biodegradable plastics, processing considerations of these polymers are not discussed. This section gives detailed processing considerations (specifically for injection molding) of common biodegradable polymers. It uses the processing considerations of conventional plastics as a point of comparison, drawing on findings from this detailed study on the processing characteristics of biodegradable plastics.
===Processing considerations for biodegradable plastics===
A study by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture in Germany examined the manufacturability of biodegradable plastics as compared to conventional plastics based on processing parameters such as shrinkage behavior, plasticizing capacity and processing temperature for injection molding. The study found that, overall, the processing of biodegradable plastics is similar to that of conventional plastics and reasonable cycle times can be achieved. 
As with switching from one conventional plastic to another, though, switching to bioplastics requires the injection molder to make material-specific modifications to their processing parameters. For example, an injection molder might need to dry the plastic prior to processing, lower processing temperatures or adjust the cavity parameters to account for different shrinkage behaviors between the two materials. 
While pre-drying is a key processing consideration for all bioplastics, it is critical for biodegradable plastics. Excess moisture present in biodegradable plastics will not only cause processing problems (i.e., decreased mechanical performance and increased melt index), but the moisture may cause hydrolysis in the material resulting in a loss of molecular weight while the product is in use. To prevent such issues, the processing recommendations set forth by the biodegradable plastic manufacturer should always be followed. 
A common misconception is that biodegradable plastics, as a category, exhibit a narrow range of physical properties. In reality, material manufacturers are now capable of alloying and blending biodegradable polymers (e.g., PLA, PBS, PBAT, etc.) to meet specific performance parameters without sacrificing compostability. The percent elongation of PLA, a generally rigid polymer, can be increased as much as 18.7% when compounded with a compostable elastomeric bioplastic. Using the same impact modifier, the impact strength of PLA can be increased more than 400%.
76wikibananas (talk) 16:33, 11 December 2018 (UTC)
thread_title: Some proposed changes

message: A study by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture in Germany examined the manufacturability of biodegradable plastics as compared to conventional plastics based on processing parameters such as shrinkage behavior, plasticizing capacity and processing temperature for injection molding. The study found that, overall, the processing of biodegradable plastics is similar to that of conventional plastics and reasonable cycle times can be achieved. 
As with switching from one conventional plastic to another, though, switching to bioplastics requires the injection molder to make material-specific modifications to their processing parameters. For example, an injection molder might need to dry the plastic prior to processing, lower processing temperatures or adjust the cavity parameters to account for different shrinkage behaviors between the two materials. 
While pre-drying is a key processing consideration for all bioplastics, it is critical for biodegradable plastics. Excess moisture present in biodegradable plastics will not only cause processing problems (i.e., decreased mechanical performance and increased melt index), but the moisture may cause hydrolysis in the material resulting in a loss of molecular weight while the product is in use. To prevent such issues, the processing recommendations set forth by the biodegradable plastic manufacturer should always be followed. 
A common misconception is that biodegradable plastics, as a category, exhibit a narrow range of physical properties. In reality, material manufacturers are now capable of alloying and blending biodegradable polymers (e.g., PLA, PBS, PBAT, etc.) to meet specific performance parameters without sacrificing compostability. The percent elongation of PLA, a generally rigid polymer, can be increased as much as 18.7% when compounded with a compostable elastomeric bioplastic. Using the same impact modifier, the impact strength of PLA can be increased more than 400%.
76wikibananas (talk) 16:33, 11 December 2018 (UTC)
thread_title: Processing considerations for biodegradable plastics

message: # The COI editor has not provided reliable, secondary sources which confirm the information requested to be added.
# The COI editor has not made the required disclosures regarding their particular conflict of interest.
Regards,  Spintendo  17:32, 11 December 2018 (UTC)
thread_title: Reply 11-DEC-2018

message: The second paragraph of the lead as of Jan 22, 2022 starts by marking the distinction between "biodegradable plastic" (e.g. degrades in grass) and "bioplastic" (e.g. made from grass). It spends the final two sentences discussing bioplastics, which are not the focus of this article. Reproduced below:
While the words "bioplastic" and "biodegradable plastic" are similar, they are not synonymous. Not all bioplastics (plastics derived partly or entirely from biomass[3]) are biodegradable, and some biodegradable plastics are fully petroleum based.[4] As more companies are keen to be seen as having "Green" credentials, solutions such as using bioplastics are being investigated and implemented more. However there are many skeptics who believe that bioplastics will not solve problems others expect.[5]
Pentane5 (talk) 17:57, 22 January 2022 (UTC)
thread_title:  Recommend focus the lead from bioplastic back to biodegradable plastic 

message: What's the difference between the subject of this article and biodegradable polymer? Are they duplicating the same subject?
The hatnote here said , but the linked article opens with a picture of some cutlery, and only includes medicine as a subsection much later on. Belbury (talk) 14:54, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
replies: text: I only just now noticed the biodegradable polymer article now that you mentioned it. I removed the nonsensical lead image. It seems there is some overlap between the two topics; for example polylactic acid is described in both articles. ~Anachronist (talk) 17:33, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
thread_title:  Difference from biodegradable polymer?