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2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/u-rwanda-kwisonga-imbere-y-ibindi-bihugu-mu-guhanga-udushya | U Rwanda kwisonga imbere y’ibindi bihugu mu guhanga udushya | Raporo yashyizwe ahagaragara n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga urengera umutungo mu by’ubwenge (WIPO) ku bufatanye na Cornell University n’ishuri ry’ubucuruzi ‘Insead’, (Global Innovation Index 2016), yashyize u Rwanda ku mwanya mbere mu guhanga udushya mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere.
Iyi raporo yasohotse kuwa 15 Kanama, yashyize u Rwanda ku mwanya wa 83 ku Isi, ariko mu byiciro 11 byitaweho mu gusuzuma uko ibihugu bihanga udushya kuva mu 2015, ruza ku mwanya wa mbere mu gukora impinduka mu bihugu bikiyubaka, rukurikirwa na Mozambique, Cambodia, Malawi na Uganda. Mu gukora iyi raporo hibanzwe ku byiciro birimo ikoranabuhanga, ibikorwa remezo, guhanga udushya, korohereza abantu kubona serivisi z’imari, korohereza abantu gutangira ubucuruzi n’ibindi. Kuva mu 2012, Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara niyo ifite ibihugu byinshi bigaragaza iterambere mu guhanga udushya kurusha utundi turere. Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda na Uganda nibyo bihugu bihagaze neza mu myaka itanu ishize. U Rwanda kandi rwaje imbere y’ibindi bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere mu bijyanye no korohereza abaturage kubona inguzanyo, rukaba ari urwa kabiri ku Isi, runaza ku mwanya wa 31 ku Isi mu guhanga ibikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga bigamije ubucuruzi. Ruri kandi ku mwanya wa Gatandatu mu guteza imbere ibigo by’imari iciriritse. Iyo raporo ishyira u Rwanda ku mwanya wa 44 ku Isi mu korohereza abashoramari, ku mwanya wa munani mu bijyanye no kubungabunga umutungo mu by’ubwenge. Mu bijyanye no gutangira serivisi za Leta, u Rwanda ni urwa gatandatu ku Isi. Rwanashyizwe ku mwanya 38 mu kugira urubyiruko rwinshi rwize siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga mu mashuri makuru na za Kaminuza. Muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara, u Rwanda ruza ku mwanya wa kane nyuma y’ibirwa bya Maurice, Afurika y’Epfo na Kenya. Muri Afurika y’Uburasirazuba u Rwanda rwaje ku mwanya wa kabiri nyuma ya Kenya, naho muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Afurika, Mauritius yaje imbere, ikurikirwa na Afurika y’Epfo, Kenya, u Rwanda, Mozambique, Botswana, Namibia na Malawi. Umuyobozi w’ishami ry’ubucuruzi muri Cornell University, Soumitra Dutta, yavuze ko iyi raporo yerekana ko hakenewe ishoramari rihagije mu bushakashatsi. Yagize ati “Gushora imari mu iterambere ryo guhanga udushya, ni ingenzi. Nubwo hari ibigo bitanga ubufasha kugirango bigerweho, hakenewe imari yo gushora mu burezi no guteza imbere ubushakashatsi bubasha gushakira Isi ibisubizo by’ibibazo ifite.”
Ibihugu bya mbere ku Isi mu bijyanye no guhanga udushya, ni u Busuwisi, Suède, u Bwongereza, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Finland na Singapore.
U Rwanda kwisonga imbere y’ibindi bihugu mu guhanga udushya
Yatunganyijwe na Niyomugabo/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/polisi-y-u-rwanda-ikomeje-gusaba-abantu-kwirinda-gucukura | Polisi y’u Rwanda ikomeje gusaba abantu kwirinda gucukura amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko | Polisi y’u Rwanda ikorera mu karere ka Musanze , irasaba abaturage kwirinda gucukura amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko kuko bishobora kubatera ingaruka zitandukanye ndetse bikaba binangiza ibidukukije.
Ibi byavuzwe n’umuvugizi wa Polisi y’u Rwanda mu ntara y’Amajyaruguru Inspector of Police (IP) Innocent Gasasira ku itariki ya 15 Kanama, nyuma y’aho abantu 4 bagwiriwe n’ikirombe mu kagari ka Cyabagarura umurenge wa Musanze. IP Gasasira yavuze ati:”ku itariki ya 14 Kanama, abagabo 4 binjiye mu kirombe cy’amabuye y’agaciro bafite injerekani irimo lisansi bagirango bayikoreshe mu gutwika urutare ngo rworohe babone uko barumena bakomeze gucukura.” Yanavuze ati:”Bamaze gucana umuriro ngo batwike urwo rutare babone uko barumena, umwotsi wabaye mwinshi babura uko basohoka, abandi bagenzi babo 8 bashatse uko babafasha gusohokamo ariko ntibyabakundira ahubwo nabo barahakomerekera. Yavuze kandi ati:”Ntitwakwemeza niba bapfuye cyangwa niba bakiri bazima, ariko itsinda ribishinzwe rirakora ibishoboka byose ngo bagere kuri abo bahuye n’iki kibazo.” Ababuze uko basohoka ni Nzigiyimana Sixbert ariwe nyir’ikirombe, Kamanzi Jean de Dieu, Mbarushimana uzwi ku izina rya Kazungu, na Nambajimana Calliope. Yakomeje avuga ati:”Mu gihe tugishakisha aba bahezemo, turasaba abantu kwirinda gucukura amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko,, kuko bigira ingaruka mbi nyinshi. Ushaka gushora imari mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro aba agomba gusaba ibyangombwa mu buyobozi bubishinzwe, agakorera mu mashyirahamwe nk’abandi.” Mu mwaka wa 2009 Nzigiyimana yari yarahawe icyangombwa cyo gukora ubushakashatsi ku bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ariko nticyari icyo kuyacukura, akaba yaragombaga kugaruka mu buyobozi agahabwa icyangombwa cyo gucukura amabuye, ariko we akaba yarahise atangira gucukura nta cyangombwa none bikaba byavuyemo iyi mpanuka.” Yasoje avuga ati:”Abantu bakwiye kureka kwishora mu mirimo itabafitiye inyungu kandi igira ingaruka nyinshi nk’iyi y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko, dore ko ari icyaha kandi gihanwa n’amategeko.”
Polisi y’u Rwanda ikomeje gusaba abantu kwirinda gucukura amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko Yanditswe na Sarongo Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/umuganda-udasanzwewakozwe-mu-rwego-rw-ubukangurambaga-ku | Umuganda udasanzwewakozwe mu rwego rw’ubukangurambaga ku Isuku n’umutekano | kuri uyu wa gatandatu mu gikorwa cy’Umuganda udasanzwe , aho abatuye Kigali , bafatanyije n’abashinzwe umutekano n’abayobozi b’ibanze batemye ibihuru banasukura imihanda. Uyu muganda wabereye mu murenge wa Rusororo, aho ibihumbi by’abaturage ba Kabuga 1, abakozi b’Umujyi wa Kigali, Abapolisi n’Ingabo batemye ibihuru mu mu mudugudu w’Amahoro muri gahunda yo guca ibihuru n’ amayarara bishobora kuba indiri y’imibu n’abanywi b’ibiyobyabwenge. Iki gikorwa kandi cyitabiriwe n’Umuyobozi w’Umujyi wa Kigali, Monique Mukaruriza, umuyobozi mukuri wa Polisi y’u Rwanda, Inspector General of Police (IGP) Emmanuel K. Gasana na Maj .Gen. Moubarak Muganga n’abandi bayobozi. Monique Mukaruriza aganira n’abaturage nyuma y’umuganda , yabasabye kurangwa n’imvugo igira iti:”Tugire amahoro, dukumira icyaha kitaraba, buri wese abe ijisho rya mugenzi we, dutangira amakuru ku gihe.”
Yashimye uruhare rw’inzego z’Ingabo na Polisi mu bikorwa biteza imbere imibereho y’abaturage maze asaba abaturage nabo kubigira ibyabo kandi bakagira uruhare mu kwesa imihigo muby’umutekano n’isuku. Ni muri gahunda yo gushyira mu bikorwa ibikubiye mu mihigo igamije gukomeza kwita ku isuku no kubungabunga umutekano mu mujyi wa Kigali yashyizweho umukono na Polisi y’u Rwanda n’Umujyi wa Kigali mu ntangiriro z’iki cyumweru. Ubu bukangurambaga bw’isuku n’umutekano buzamara amezi 6 buri hagati y’umujyi wa Kigali na Polisi y’u Rwanda bufite intego yo gukomeza kugira Kigali umujyi usukuye kandi utekanye ku bawutuye n’abawusura. Muri ubu bukangurambaga, mu rwego rw’umutekano impande zombi zizafatanya mu kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge,kurwanya guha abana batarageza ku myaka y’ubukure ibisindisha, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, bukanazibanda ku ikorwa neza ry’amarondo hagamijwe gucunga umutekano w’abanyarwanda. Hazibandwa kandi ku kwirinda no kurwanya impanuka zo mu muhanda, kurwanya inkongi z’umuriro, kubahiriza amabwiriza ajyanye no kurwanya urusaku, imikorere myiza ya komite z’abaturage zo kwicungira umutekano, gukumira ibyaha no gutangira amakuru ku gihe (CPC’s). Mukaruriza yagize ati:” Kugera ku byo twifuza muri ubu bukangurambaga bizaterwa n’uruhare rwa buri wese , imihigo yashyizweho umukono n’ubuyobozi bwanyu mu izina ryanyu, mwita imyanda aho mubonye, mugire umuco w’isuku n’umutekano.”
IGP Gasana yavuze ko Nyakubahwa Perezida Paul Kagame yadushyize ku murongo wo kugira icyerekezo cyiza, ko nta kuntu twabigeraho tukiri mu mwanda. Yagize ati:”ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibisindisha, ubujura, gukubita no gukomeretsa, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina n’ibindi binyuranyije n’amategeko ntibibereye umunyarwanda.Ntawe ugomba gusigara inyuma mu muvuduko w’iterambere kandi iyo nta mutekano, n’ibindi byose bigenda nabi.”
Umuyobozi mukuru wa Polisi y’u Rwanda yarangije avuga ko urwego abereye umuyobozi rwiteguye gukora ubu bukangurambaga maze asaba abaturage guha ingufu ubufatanye buciye mu nyigisho zo gutahura, gukumira no kurwanya ibyaha hahererekanwa amakuru ku gihe. via: RNP
Monique Mukaruriza aganira n’abaturage nyuma y’umuganda
Yatunganyijwe na Niyomugabo/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/ikibuga-cy-indege-zitwara-cya-mbere-ku-isi-cyatangiye | Ikibuga cy’indege zitwara cya mbere ku Isi cyatangiye kubakwa mu murenge wa Shyogwe | Ikibuga cy’indege zitagira uzitwara (drones) cya mbere cyubatswe ku Isi cyatangiye kubakwa mu murenge wa Shyogwe, mu karere ka Muhanga, gifite inshingano zo gukora ubutabazi bw’ibanze ku baturage bakoze impanuka, bakeneye amaraso n’imiti mu buryo bwihuse.
Nzabonimpa Onesphore, Umuyobozi ushinzwe ibikorwaremezo n’inyandiko mpamo z’ubutaka mu karere ka Muhanga, avuga ko imirimo yo kubaka iki kibuga yatangiye, ndetse bakaba bamaze kucyegereza ibikorwaremezo birimo amazi, n’amashanyarazi ndetse n’umuhanda uganayo ukaba uri hafi kurangira. Nzabonimpa, avuga ko hari igihe abaturage bahuraga n’impanuka zikomeye, ubutabazi bw’ibanze bugatinda kubageraho bamwe bakaba bashoboraga kuhatakariza ubuzima bitewe n’igihe bagerezwagaho imiti n’amaraso. Yagize ati «Iki kibuga nta handi wagisanga haba mu Rwanda cyangwa se ku mugabane w’Afurika.» Niyonzima Jean Pierre, wo mu murenge wa Rongi mu karere ka Muhanga, avuga ko kuba iki kibuga cy’indege kirimo kubakwa, bizafasha cyane cyane abarwayi bo mu mirenge y’icyaro itagira ibitaro n’imihanda myiza kubona ubutabazi bwihuse. Ati:«Hari abarwayi twahitagamo kujyana mu bitaro by’i Ruli mu Karere ka Gakenke turizera ko iki kibazo kigiye kurangira.»
Imirimo yo kubaka iki kibuga cy’indege zo mu bwoko bwa drones izamara ibyumweru bitanu. Nta mubare w’amafaranga iki kibuga kizatwara Imvaho Nshya yabashije kumenya. Akarere ka Muhanga kavuga ko Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’Ikoranabuhanga ari yo ifite mu nshingano kubaka ikibuga. Akarere ka Muhanga katarateganya kubaka ibindi bibuga by’indege mu murenge wa Rongi, Mushishiro n’ikindi kizubakwa mu kagari ka Kinini mu murenge wa Shyogwe.
Abaturage barimo gutunganya ikibuga cy’indege biteguye ko mu minsi mike kizaba gitangiye gukoreshwa (Foto Muhizi E)
Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw
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2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/expo-rwanda2016-umwihariko-ku-bagana-zag-nut-bar-and | Expo Rwanda2016: Umwihariko ku bagana Zag Nut Bar and Restaurant kuri Serivisi bahabwa | Impinduka mu mikorere yabo, kwigira ku bacuruzi baturutse impande n’impande, kwamamaza ibikorwa no kwagura izina, kwereka abanyamahanga uburyo batanga serivisi inogeye abakiriya, ndetse no kwegera abakiriya babo baba bitabiriye iri murikagurisha ibyo byose ni bimwe mu byatumye ZAG NUT Bar and Restaurant yitabira imurikagurishwa ku nshuro ya 19. ZAG NUT ni bar (Ubucuruzi bw’ibinyobwa byemewe na Leta) ikaba kandi na resitora ifite n’akabyiniro, muri uyu mwaka nk’imwe muri kompanyi ziri mu Rwanda nayo yitabiriye imurikagurisha ku nshuro yaryo ya 19 aho bamanuye cyane ibiciro ku bicuruzwa byabo ndetse bakazana n’umwihariko wa tombora aho batanga ibikombe, ibihembo birimo inzoga zo kunywa, Ibyo kurya ndetse n’amafaranga ku bakiriya bagana iyi ZAG NUT, itandukaniro riri hagati ya serivisi zari zisanzwe zitangirwa muri aka kabari kakaba na resitora ni uko ibiciro biri kuba byamanuwe cyane ndetse n’ibihembo biri gutangwa bikaba bitandukanye cyane n’ibyo bari basanzwe batanga ku muntu wabasanze aho bakorera Kimisagara haruguru ya Maison de Jeune. Mu kiganiro na MUHABURA.rw, Manzi Clement Umuyobozi wa ZAG NUT yatubwiye ko iri murikagurishwa baryitzeho byinshi mu kuzamura izina ryabo ndetse anakomoza ku minsi iri murikagurishwa rizamara. Clement yagize ati “Nk’ibisanzwe imurikagurisha turikuramo inyungu nyinshi gusa duhora dusaba PSF itegura kuba yatongerera iminsi wenda bakatwongeza icyumweru kuko iyo urebye amafaranga tuba twatanze kugirango twemererwe kwitabira Expo aba ari menshi kandi kuyagaruza muri iyi minsi baba baduhaye biba bigoye, ikindi kandi twifuza ni uko PSF yajya itworohereza kubijyanye na Serivisi iduha”. Manzi Clement kandi yakomoje ku mikorere ya Zag nut aho yavuze ko n’ubundi gahunda zisanzwe zikorerwa aho ikicaro cyabo kiri Kimisagara ruguru ya Maison de Jeune ziri gukomeza gusa ko n’uwakwitabira Expo wese adakwiye kuvamo atageze aho Zag Nut ikorera mu nsi y’ahaherereye Techno ndetse ko ushobora kubasaba bakagusangisha ibyo kurya cyangwa kunywa iwawe aho wabashaka kuri nimero za telefone +250786548983 cyangwa ukaba wabasanga aho bakorera Kimisagara ruguru ya Maison de Jeune bakaba bakora amasaha 24 kuri 24 iminsi yose igize icyumweru. Kuri stand (Aho ikorera) ya ZAG Nut Club muri Expo ubu hari kubarizwa nk’icyo nakwita umwihariko ariwo, ababyinnyi baturutse muri Uganda na Tanzania, Abahanzi Nyarwanda basimburana ku rubyiniro umunsi ku munsi, ibihembo bihabwa abana baba bazanywe n’abakiriya, Tombora ku bakiriya, kwaka indirimbo bagahita bayikubyinira uwo mwanya aho ubifashwamo na Mc Kamanka wo mu gihugu cya Uganda akaba ari Umunyarwenya umaze kumenyererwa hano mu Rwanda.
Yanditswe na Snappy Akayezu Jean de Dieu/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/nyanza-minisitiri-uwacu-yibibukije-impamvu-y-umuganura | Nyanza: Minisitiri Uwacu yabibukije impamvu y’Umuganura ndetse n’Icyo uvuze ku Banyarwanda | Minisitiri w’Umuco na Siporo, Uwacu Julienne yibukije ab’I Nyanza ubusobanuro bw’Umuganura ndetse anabasaba guha agaciro uyu munsi bazirikana ko uretse kuba ari umuco ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa bifitanye isano byaranze abanyarwanda bo hambere anashimangira ko ari n’umwanya Abanyarwanda baba mu gihugu ndetse n’ababa hanze yacyo bahura mu buryo bunyuranye bakishimira umusaruro baba baragezeho mu mwaka ushize. Ibi Minisitiri Uwacu yabigarutseho kuri uyu wa 05 Kanama 2016, mu karere ka Nyanza ubwo yari yifatanije n’abatuye aka karere mu kwizihiza ibirori by’Umuganura wabereye mu midugudu yose igize u Rwanda ku rwego rw’igihugu ibi birori bikaba byabereye I Nyanza. Mu ijambo yagejeje ku banyarwanda bari babiri bifatanije nawe kuri uyu munsi, Minisitiri Uwacu Julienne yakomoje ku mateka y’uyu munsi w’Umuganura u Rwanda rwizihije kuri uyu wa Gatanu Kanama. Aho yagize ati “Uyu munsi w’Umuganura ubundi wahoze ari umwanya wahuzaga umwami wabaga ayoboye u Rwanda n’abaturage ayoboye, aho yengaga ibinyobwa hagategurwa ibyo kurya hanyuma umwami agasangira n’abaturage ayoboye umusaruro wabaga waravuye mu bikorwa by’amaboko yabo, bakaboneraho umwanya wo kwishima, kubyina bahamiriza ndetse bakanafata ingamba zihamye zo gusigasira umuco wabo”.
Minisitiri Uwacu kandi yagarutse mpamvu uyu mwaka bahisemo kwizihiriza uyu munsi muri aka karere ka Nyanza aho yavuze ko aka karere kabumbatiye byinshi ku muco Nyarwanda ndetse anemeza hari gahunda yo kwita kuri Ubu bucyerarugendo akaba yagize ati “Nk’uko Insanganyamatsiko y’uyu mwaka igira iti Twubakire ku muco wacu Twiteze imbere, rero by’umwihariko turifashisha umuco wacu u Rwanda rwarazwe n’Imana ari nayo mpamvu tugomba gusigasira ahantu nyaburanga igihugu cyacu gifite tukaba twabyaza umusaruro ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku muco kandi umusaruro w’ibikorwa bishingiye ku muco muri aka karere bikaba byajya bishyirwa imbere ku buryo no mu mihigo duhiga byajya biza imbere”. Ibi birori byo kwizihiza Umuganura ku rwego rw’Igihugu byari byitabiriwe n’abandi bayobozi bakuru b’igihugu cyacu harimo Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi n’inganda bwana Kanimba Francois, Umunayamabanga wa Leta muri MINAGRI ushinzwe ubuhinzi bwana Tonny Nsanganya, Umuyobozi w’intara y’Amajyepfo bwana Munyentwari Muzuka n’abandi banyacyubahiro batandukanye bari bazanye na Minisitiri w’Umuco na Siporo Madame Uwacu Julienne wari n’Umushyitsi mukuru kuri uyu munsi. Umuganura w’uyu mwaka wabaye umwihariko kuko waje guhuzwa n’Iserukiramuco Nyafurika ry’imbyino ryitabiriwe n’ibihugu nka Repubulika iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo, Senegale, Misiri, Kenya ndetse n’u Rwanda rwari rwakiriye iri Serukiramuco, Umuganura kandi wabanjirijwe n’Igitaramo (Nyanza Twataramye) cyabereye I Nyanza mu Rukari mu ijoro ryo ku wa 04 Kanama 2016 aho hasojwe igitaramo Abanyarwanda bagahurira mu kwizihiza Umuganura kuri Sitade ya Nyanza. Yanditswe na Snappy Akayezu Jean de Dieu/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/umuganura-w-uyu-mwaka-ufite-umwihariko-udasanzwe | Umuganura w’uyu mwaka ufite umwihariko udasanzwe | Itariki ya 5 Kanama 2016 ni umunsi u Rwanda n’inshuti zarwo bizihiza Umunsi w’Umuganura aho hataganijwe kuzabaho gusangira ku musaruro Abanyarwanda bagezeho muri uyu mwaka ushize ndetse hanishimirwa iterambere u Rwanda rumaze kugeraho. Insanganyamatsiko y’umuganura muri uyu mwaka igira iti "Twubakire ku muco, twiteze imbere", wanahujwe n’Iserukiramuco Nyafurika rya FESPAD. Ibirori ku rwego rw’igihugu bizabera ku ngoro y’umwami mu karere ka Nyanza mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo. Mu Rwanda rwa kera, Umuganura wari umwe mu mihango itangiza igihe cy’isarura, cyari igihe cyo kwishimira ibyagezweho ku rwego rw’ubwami no ku rwego rw’umuryango. Uwo munsi wafatwaga nk’umuhango wo gushima Imana, Umwami, Umwamikazi n’abakurambere . Abahanga mu mateka y’u Rwanda bavuga ko Umuganura wabayeho kuva ku ngoma ya Gihanga, bivuze ko watangiranye n’ishingwa ry’ubwami bw’u Rwanda. Kuri ubu Umuganura ufite igisobanuro kinini. Uretse Ibirori byo kwishimira umusaruro waturutse ku buhinzi, igihugu cyishimira ibyagezweho mu rwego rw’ubuzima, uburezi, ikoranabuhanga, siporo, ibikorwaremezo, umuco, ubukerarugendo, n’ibindi. Mu birori by’Umuganura by’uyu mwaka, Abanyarwanda bazerekana ibikorwa n’umusaruro byabo. Minisitiri w’Umuco na Siporo, Uwacu Julienne avuga ko kugeza ubu abantu n’ibigo 106 byamaze kwemeza kuzitabira imurika rizaba ku munsi w’Umuganura. Ati” Umuganura ni igihe cyo gusubiza amaso inyuma tugasuzuma ibyo twagezeho kugira ngo tuganire ku ho dushaka kugera. Tuzishimira kumva ibitekerezo by’abazitabira imurika ku buryo twageza ibikorerwa mu Rwanda ku rundi rwego.” Ibikorwa by’iserukiramuco rya FESPAD byatangiye ku wa Mbere, mu mujyi wa Kigali ahabereye imyiyereko n’igitaramo. FESPAD yakomereje mu ntara zose z’igihugu aho ababyinnyi baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye bya Afurika basusurukije abaturage. Minisitiri w’Umuco na Siporo asanga ntawe ukwiye kuvuga ko atazizihiza Umuganura bitewe n’uko yarumbije cyangwa ntaronke mu byo akora. Asanga ko ibyo bitagakwiye kubabera ikibazo kuko Umuganura ari igihe cyo kwishimana, imiryango igasubira hamwe hagamijwe kubaka umuco w’ubumwe n’ubufatanye mu Banyarwanda. Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/perezida-paul-kagame-yahaye-impanuro-aba-banyeshuri | Perezida Paul Kagame yahaye impanuro abanyeshuri barangije muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda | Perezida Paul Kagame yasabye abanyeshuri barangije muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda ko badakwiye kwiyumvisha ko bageze iyo bajyaga, ahubwo ibiri imbere ari byo bikomeye.
Umukuru w’Igihugu avuga ko ari aba banyeshuri barangije n’abandi bose, bazahurira ku isoko ry’umurimo kandi ari rito. Iri n’ijambo Perezida Kagame yageneye abanyeshuri barenga ibihumbi 8, bari bamaze guhabwa impamyabumenyi bitandukanye, ku bigaga muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda. Ari imbere y’imbaga y’ababyeyi, abanyeshuri n’abarezi b’iyi kaminuza, Perezida Kagame yashimiye buri wese wagize uruhare ngo iki gikorwa cyo guhuriza hamwe aba banyeshuri kigende neza ndetse bakaba basoje neza amasomo, yongera kwibutsa abarangije ko batangiye urundi rugendo rushya kandi rukomeye. Yagize ati “Umuntu yakwibwira ko ubwo murangije amasomo ubuzima bugiye koroha, ntabwo ari byo, hari ibindi bibategereje imbere biteye ukundi, bitandukanye n’ibyo mu maze kunyuramo, muzahangana n’ipiganwa hanze aha, kugira ngo mutere imbere hari n’abandi bashaka ayo mahirwe, mumenye ko muzapiganirwa mu bintu kandi bike buri wese ashaka kugeraho.” Umukuru w’igihugu yavuze ko isoko ry’umurimo ari rito hanze aha, bityo buri umwe uko awushaka atariko yawubona. Perezida Kagame yakomeje agira ati “Ku isoko ry’umurimo ntabwo buri wese yawubona uko abyifuza, imirimo ishobora kuba mike ku bayishaka kandi ari benshi ikaba itangana nka bo, uwo mubare munini w’abayishaka uzayipiganira bityo abayishoboye babe ari bo bajyamo, ndabategura ngo mu menye ko ubwo ari ubundi buryo bw’ingorane, amasomo murangije yari agamije kubategura namwe ngo mushyireho akanyu ubwanyu.” Umukuru w’Igihugu yahaye impanuro aba banyeshuri gukomeza kwiga kuko bitajya birangira, cyane ko ngo ari byo bizatuma bagira n’ubumenyi bushobora guhangana ku isoko ry’umurimo riri hanze. Muri iri jambo kandi umukuru w’igihugu yongeye kwibutsa aba banyeshuri ko igihugu kibatezeho guhanga imirimo, avuga ko no mu byo babigisha biri iki kiri ku isonga. Abahawe impamyabumenyi harimo ab’igitsinagore 3053 na ho ab’igitsina gabo bakaba 5420.
Ni ubwa mbere Perezida Kagame atanze impamyabumenyi ku banyeshuri ba Kaminuza y’u Rwanda kuva yabaho, bikaba n’ubwa mbere umuhango wo gusoza amasomo ubereye muri Sitade Amahoro i Remera, aho Koleji zose zahurijwe hamwe.
Yanditswe na Chief editor2/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/perezida-kagame-yibukije-abarangije-kaminuza-ko-kubona | Perezida Kagame, yayoboye umuhango wo gutanga impamyabumenyi ku barangije amasomo muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda | Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame, yayoboye umuhango wo gutanga impamyabumenyi ku barangije amasomo muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda kuri uyu wa 29 Nyakanga 2016. Mu ijambo yagejeje ku banyeshuri 8500 barangije mu byiciro bitandukanye bya kaminuza, yabasabye kutirara ngo bumve ko ubwo barangije kwiga bagiye kuruhuka ahubwo bakitegura guhangana ku giti cyabo no ku rwego rw’igihugu. Ati”Ubu mwakwibwira ko ubwo murangije amasomo ubuzima bugiye koroha, ntabwo ari byo, hari ibindi bibategereje imbere, ibindi biteye ukundi, bitandukanye n’ibyo mumaze kunyuramo n’ubwitange bwanyu bwose muzahangana n’ipiganwa hanze aha ku giti cyanyu cyangwa se no ku gihugu ubwacyo.” Yabaciriye amarenga ko hari igihe bashobora kuzajya gushaka akazi bagasanga hari benshi cyane bagashaka, bikabasaba guhangana, rimwe na rimwe bakakabura. Ati” Hari ubwo muzapiganirwa ibintu bike buri wese ashaka kugeraho kandi bidakwiriye umubare w’ababishaka, ku isoko ry’umurimo ntabwo buri wese abona umurimo uko abyifuza, imirimo ishobora kuba mike kuruta abayishaka. Ubwo ni ukuvuga ngo muri abo bayishaka ubwo ari benshi bzayipiganira, bazayihanganiraho abashoboye abe ari bo bajya imbere.”
Perezida Kagame yibukije abarangije kaminuza ko kubona akazi bitoroshye
Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/minisitiri-w-intebe-yanenze-abibye-ibyuma-byuhira-imyaka | Minisitiri w’Intebe yanenze abibye ibyuma byuhira imyaka | Minisitiri w’Intebe Anastase Murekezi, yanenze bikomeye bamwe mu baturage bo mu karere ka Nyagatare bibye ibyuma byuhira imyaka, kandi Leta yari yabitanze mu rwego rwo gufasha abahinzi kuhira, hagamijwe kongera umusaruro.
Ubu butumwa Minisitiri Murekezi yabugarutseho ubwo yari mu muganda udasanzwe wo gutangiza igihembwe cy’ihinga cya C, mu karere ka Gatsibo. Mu ijambo rye yagaragaje ko atashimishijwe na gato no kumva ko abaturage bibye ibikorwaremezo nk’ibi byagombaga kubafasha kwiteza imbere, yibutsa ko abakoze ibi atari abo kwihanganirwa. Yagize ati “Ntimwumvise inkuru idasanzwe y’ukuntu mu karere ka Nyagatare twaboherereje icyuma cya kijyambere cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyo kuhira, hakagira abaturage bari batangiye kugitwaraho ibyuma kigahagarara, ubwo kuhira bigahagarara kubera abaturage bamwe bahemukiye abandi, bashaka kuhira ariko bakabura amazi, murumva uwo muco twawihanganira se?Hari Leta n’imwe ku isi yakwihanganira igikorwa kibi nk’icyo? Ese kuki abaturage bagenzi babo babihanganira? Kuki mwebwe mutamuzana nk’aha turi mukabamagana n’abayobozi bakabafasha kubamagana kugira ngo bibe isomo.” Minisitiri w’Intebe yakomeje asaba abaturage bo mu karere ka Gatsibo kwirinda ko icyo gikorwa kigayitse cyazagera mu karere kabo, asaba ko muri Nyagatare naho kitazongera ndetse n’ahandi hose mu gihugu, ahubwo abaturage bakishimira ibikorwaremezo bije bibasanga. Ikibazo cy’abaturage bangiza ibikorwaremezo kandi cyagarutsweho mu nteko rusange y’Umuryango FPR Inkotanyi mu Ntara y’uburasirazuba, yateranye muri Kamena uyu mwaka. Senateri Tito Rutaremara yagarutse ku kibazo cyo kudafata neza ibikorwaremezo, agaragaza ko amadamu yubatswe mu turere dutandukanye tw’Intara y’Uburasirazuba yangijwe n’abaturage, bikaba n’imwe mu mpamvu yatumye izuba ryavuye muri iyi Ntara rigira ingaruka zitandukanye. Leta y’u Rwanda yihaye intego ko mu 2020 hagomba kuba kuhirwa ubuso bwa hegitari ibihumbi 100, magingo aya ubuso bwuhirwa bukaba ari hegitari ibihumbi 45.
Minisitiri w’Intebe, Murekezi Anastase
Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
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| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/ibiryabarezi-byahagaritswe-by-agateganyo-mu-rwanda | Ibiryabarezi byahagaritswe by’agateganyo mu Rwanda | Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda yahagaritse by’agateganyo imikino y’amahirwe izwi cyane nk’ibiryabarezi mu Rwanda. Itangazo ryashyizweho umukono na Minisitiri Francois Kanimba kuri uyu wa 27 Nyakanga 2016, rivuga ko iyi mikino y’imashini zitwa "slot machines" ariko mu Rwanda zimenyerewe ku izina ry’Ibiryabarezi zihagaritswe nyuma y’impungenge zagaragajwe ko iri iteje ikibazo mu turere tumwe imashini zayo zagejejwemo.
Iyi Minisiteri ivuga ko igiye kunononsora niba koko Ibiryabarezi bibangamiye abaturage, yasanga ari byo bigahagarikwa burundu.
Yanditswe na MUHABURA.RW |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/11-bafashwe-bacukura-amabuye-y-agaciro-mu-buryo-bunyuranije | 11 bafashwe bacukura amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko | Abagabo 11 bafungiwe kuri Sitasiyo ya Polisi ya Nyakabuye, mu karere ka Rusizi aho bakurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gucukura zahabu batabifitiye uburenganzira ku nkengero z’umugezi uri mu murenge wa Gitambi witwa Njambwe. Abafunzwe ni Mutuyimana Gaspard, Habimana Jean Pierre, Nyabyenda Bonaventure, Nsengumuremyi Gabriel, Bamporiki Eric, Ntibaziyaremye Enock, Ruticumugambi Boniface, Siborurema Dominique, Ntiyanyibagiwe Daniel, Bayibarire Felicien na Ntahombaye Selevate. Umuyobozi wa Polisi y’u Rwanda muri aka karere, Superintendent of Police (SP) Sano Nkeramugaba yasobanuye ko ibikorwa nk’ibi byo gucukura amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo butubahirije amategeko byangiza ibidukikije, kandi ko iyangirika ryabyo rigira ingaruka mbi ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima SP Nkeramugaba yagize ati: “Hari inzira zemewe kugira ngo umuntu yemererwe gukora imirimo y’ubucukuzi, kandi unyuze muri izo nzira ahabwa ibyangombwa byemewe n’amategeko kandi agasabwa kugira ibikoresho byabugenewe mu rwego rwo kurinda impanuka abakozi be. Niyo mpamvu tubasaba gutungira agatoki ubuyobozi n’inzego z’umutekano umuntu wese mubonye anyuranya n’ibyo”. Yakomeje agira ati: “Akazi k’ubucukuzi si akazi gakorwa n’ubonetse wese, ni akazi gasaba ubuhanga n’ubumenyi ku buryo iyo kadakozwe uko bikwiye kagira ingaruka mbi nyinshi harimo no kubura ubuzima”. |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/kayonza-babiri-bafashwe-bagerageza-guha-abapolisi-ruswa | Kayonza: Babiri bafashwe bagerageza guha Abapolisi ruswa | Polisi y’u Rwanda mu karere ka Kayonza yafunze abagabo babiri ubwo bageragezaga guha umupolisi ruswa y’amafranga 5000 kugira ngo umwe muri bo ye gukurikiranwaho kunyuranya n’amabwiriza ajyanye no gusarura amashyamba, kuyacanamo amakara ndetse no kuyatunda (Amakara).
Nk’uko bitangazwa n’umuyobozi wa Polisi muri ako karere, Chief Inspector of Police (CIP), Regis Ruzindana, abitwa Gahutu Fideli na Nzabarirwa Sipiriyani baherutse gufatirwa mu murenge wa Mwiri, bakaba bafungiwe kuri Sitasiyo ya Polisi ikorera muri uwo murenge. CIP Regis Ruzindana yagize ati:”Ahagana saa munani z’ijoro, ubwo Abapolisi bari ku kazi babonye Nzabarirwa aje kuri moto muri kiriya gicuku maze bakimuhagarika ahita agerageza kubaha ariya mafaranga abasaba ko imodoka yari yikoreye amakara yari inyuma itwawe na Gahutu itakorerwa igenzura kuko ngo nta cyangombwa cyo gupakira ayo makara yari afite”. CIP Ruzindana yongeyeho ko nyuma y’umwanya muto Gahutu yahise agera aho atwaye imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Fuso ifite nomero ziyiranga RAA 837 Y, ipakiye imifuka 115 y’amakara; bombi bahita bafatwa batyo. Ingingo ya 96 y’itegeko ngenga nimero 04/2005 ryo kuwa 08/04/2005 rigena uburyo bwo kurengera, kubungabunga no guteza imbere ibidukikije mu Rwanda igira iti:”Ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi abiri (2) kugeza ku myaka ibiri (2) n’ihazabu kuva ku bihumbi magana atatu (300.000) by’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kugeza kuri miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000) z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda cyangwa kimwe muri ibyo bihano, uwo ari we wese, mu buryo butubahiriza amategeko abigenga, utwika, utema cyangwa utemesha ibiti n’uwica inyamaswa mu mashyamba arinzwe, mu byanya birinzwe no muri Pariki z’Igihugu. Abafatanya nabo bahanishwa ibihano bimwe”.
Naho ingingo ya 416 yo mu gitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda ivuga ko umuntu wese, mu buryo butubahiriza amategeko abigenga, utwika, utema cyangwa utemesha ibiti n’uwica inyamaswa mu mashyamba arinzwe, mu byanya birinzwe no muri Pariki z’Igihugu, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi atandatu (6) kugeza ku myaka ibiri (2) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi magana atatu (300.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000) cyangwa kimwe gusa muri ibyo bihano. CIP Ruzindana yasoje asaba abaturiye amashyamba kuyacunga neza no kugaragaza umuntu wese unyuranya n’ibyo amategeko ateganya. Yanditswe na RNP |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/huye-abanyamuryango-ba-fpr-bagaragaje-impungenge-batewe-n | Huye: Abanyamuryango ba FPR bagaragaje impungenge batewe n’Ikiryabarezi | Imikino y’amahirwe izwi ku izina ry’Ikiryabarezi ni zimwe mu mpungenge zagaragajwe n’Inteko rusange ya RPF Inkotanyi mu Karere ka Huye yateranye kuri iki cyumweru taliki ya 24 Nyakanga 2016, aba banyamuryango bakaba baragaragaje ko uyu mukino ukomeje guteza ibibazo mu miryango, ndetse ukaba ukunze kugaragaramo abana batarageza ku myaka 18 y’amavuko. Iyi nteko ngarukamwaka isanzwe iba mu rwego rwo kungurana ibitekerezo bagamije kurebera hamwe uko bakoze mu mwaka ushize, no gutegura ibizakorwa umwaka ukurikiyeho. Mu mwanya wo kungurana ibitekerezo umwe mubanyamuryango yagaragaje ko aho atuye n’ahandi agenda anyura abona ikiryabarezi giteza amakimbirane mu ngo z’abashakanye ndetse kigateza n’umutekano mucye hamwe na hamwe kuko abagikina baba batishimiye uburyo kibatwara amafaranga. Yagize ati “Ndifuza ko iyi nteko itasozwa hatavuzwe ku kiryabarezi kuko giteye impungenge, usanga abana bato bajya kugikina, kiri guteza ibibazo mu ngo kuko uratuma umwana isabune ugasanga ahise yigira mu kiryabarezi, hari n’abana banga kujya ku ishuri bakahirirwa”. Akimara gutanga iki gitekerezo abanyamuryango ba FPR Inkotanyi bari bateraniye mu cyumba cy’inama batangiye kuvugana umwe kuri undi, abo umunyamakuru wa IGIHE yabashije kumva bavugaga ko bifuza ko ibiryabarezi byacibwa burundu kuko bibabangamira. Mu bitekerezo byatanzwe kuri iki kibazo, Inteko rusange ya FPR Inkotanyi mu karere ka Huye yagifasheho umwanzuro yemeza ko n’ubwo ikiryabarezi cyemewe n’amategeko kandi banyira cyo bakaba bafite ibyangombwa byo gukorera mu Rwanda kitagomba kurengera ngo gikore mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. Hagaragajwe kandi ko hari abagore cyangwa abagabo bajya muri uyu mukino bagataha amafaranga bayamaze, bigatuma bashyamirana n’abo bashakanye bigateza ikibazo mu rugo. Kayiranga Muzuka Eugene, Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Huye akaba n’umuyobozi wa FPR-Inkotanyi muri aka karere aganira n’itangazamakuru yagaragaje ko aho ikiryabarezi gikora mu buryo budakurikije amategeko babihagurukiye kuko hari n’ibimaze gufungwa. Yagize ati “Mu Rwanda twemera ko imikino y’amahirwe ikora mu gihugu cyacu, ariko ntabwo twemera ko ikora idakurikije amategeko, hagaragajwe ikibazo cy’abana babyitabira kandi ntabwo byemewe, ndetse hari n’aho byavuzwe ko biteza umutekano mucye. Dufite ingero nk’eshatu z’aho twasangaga abana bahari, batagiye ku ishuri, banyirabyo twabasabye ko baba babihagaritse kugira ngo babanze banoze umutekano wabyo. Muzuka yakomeje asobanura ko abanyamuryango ba FPR Inkotanyi mu karere ka Huye ku bufatanye n’ubuyobozi biyemeje kuba ijisho rya rubanda bakareba aho ibiryabarezi bidakora mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, banyirabyo bagahwiturwa byaba ngombwa bikanafungwa. Muri iyi nteko rusange ya RPF Inkotanyi mu Karere ka Huye, abanyamuryango bishimiye ko ibyo biyemeje kugeraho umwaka ushize byashyizwe mu bikorwa ku kigero cyiza, ariko bibukiranya ko bagomba gukomeza iterambere kuko igihugu kigifite byinshi byo gukora. By’umwihariko biyemeje gukomeza ubukangurambaga mu baturage bugamijwe kubakundisha gahunda za Leta no kuzamura imibereho myiza y’Abanyarwanda nko kubashishikariza gutanga mituweli, gukora ubuhinzi bwa kijyambere, n’ibindi bikorwa by’iterambere ndetse no kwicungira umutekano.Src:Igihe
Kayiranga Muzuka Eugene, Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Huye akaba n’umuyobozi wa FPR-Inkotanyi muri aka karere Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/abapolisi-146-b-u-rwanda-bavuye-haiti-bimakaje-umuganda-na | Abapolisi 146 b’u Rwanda bavuye Haiti bimakaje umuganda na ’Community policing | Umuyango w’abibumbye, amahanga n’ibihugu binyuranye abashinzwe umubutekano b’u Rwanda banyuzemo bitanga ubuhamya ko bagaragaza ubwitange mu kazi ko kugarura amahoro, ndetse abapolisi bavuye muri Haiti bo batangaza ko bari basigaye bitwa ba “Cousin b’abanya-Haiti” kubera urugwiro n’indangagaciro bagaragarijeyo Ni abapolisi 146 bavuye mu butumwa bw’amahoro mu gihugu cya Haiti, aho bari bagiye kubungabunga umutekano mu bihe bari barimo birimo amatora y’abayobozi barimo Inteko Ishinga amategeko n’umukuru w’igihugu n’abandi. Abatashye bagiye ari 160, ariko abagera kuri 14 bakaba basigayeyo bari guhugura abaje kubasimbura mu butumwa bari barahawe n’umuryango w’abibumbye muri Nyakanga 2015, nabo bakazaza nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri. Gusa aba bavuga ko muri ubu butumwa bitari byoroshye,nubwo babukoze neza kugeza babusoje, aho bavuga ko indangagaciro n’imico myiza isanzwe iranga polisi y’u Rwanda ari byo byatumye babigeraho.
Abajijwe icyo basigiye abanya-Haiti, Commissioner of Police Joseph Mugisha wari uyoboye abapolisi batashye kuri uyu wa 24 Nyakanga, yatangaje ko “indangagaciro y’imyitwarire myiza niyo ituranga cyane aho turi hose. Ibindi dukora ni ibijyanye n’imibereho y’abaturage nka Community Policing, kubigisha ibijyanye n’umuganda kuko ari ibintu batamenyereye, kandi ukabona ko batwishimiye kubera ibikorwa byinshi batubonaho.” CP Mugisha avuga ko abaturage ba Haiti bishimira bikomeye abapolisi b’u Rwanda bari mu butumwa bw’amahoro, ndetse ngo usanga bashaka kubegera cyane kubera ko bababanira neza. Ati” Isura y’u Rwanda dusizeyo ni nziza kuko aho unyuze hose usanga bakwita ‘Cousin’,[umubyara] bishimiye abapolisi b’u Rwanda, bashaka kubegera kubera uburyo tubana na bo, ndetse no mu kazi usanga batanga urugero ku bapolisi b’u Rwanda ko bakora neza.” Akomeza asobanura ko ubunararibonye bakuye muri ubu butumwa buzabafasha no gukomeza kuzuza neza inshingano zabo mu gihugu cyabo. Uretse kubungabunga amahoro, aba bapolisi bavuga ko banasangije ubunararibonye abashinzwe umutekano wa Haiti bakiyubaka, babafasha guhosha imyigaragambyo no kwigisha abaturage kwirindira umutekano no kwikemurira ibibazo. Caporal Usenga Donata, umwe mu bategarugori wari muri aba bapolisi bavuye Haiti avuga ko baje gukomeza akazi uko bisabwa, ariko ngo “umugore wo muri Haiti asigaye yishimye kuko babafashije mu mirimo itandukanye, barabaganiriza ndetse byarabatunguye kubona abagore b’abapolisi bakora akazi gakomeye nk’akari kari muri Haiti.” U Rwanda rwatangiye kohereza abapolisi barwo muri Haiti mu butumwa bwo kubungabunga amahoro kuva mu 2010 nyuma y’aho iki gihugu kubasiwe n’umutingito wagishegeshe. Abahagurutse i Kigali kuri uyu wa Gatanu ni icyiciro cya karindwi, bakaba bazamarayo umwaka. Muri rusange u Rwanda rufite abapolisi 1000 bari mu butumwa bw’amahoro mu bihugu bitandukanye ku Isi birimo na Haiti. Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/guverineri-bosenibamwe-yashimangiye-ko-nta-nzara-ishobora | Guverineri Bosenibamwe yashimangiye ko nta nzara ishobora guhangara Amajyaruguru | Imvura idasanzwe iherutse kwibasira ibice bitandukanye by’Amajyaruguru by’umwihariko mu karere Ka Gakenke yasize ihitanye abantu batari bake ndetse itwara n’ibyabo birimo imyaka ndetse n’amatungo, gusa umuyobozi w’Intara y’Amajyaruguru yemeje ko ibi biza byateye iyi ntara ayobora bidashobora gutuma bahura n’ikibazo cy’inzara. Ibi biza byibasiriye uturere dutandukanye tw’iyi ntara ngo byaba byaratangiye kugira ingaruka mbi ku isoko, kuko kuri ubu ibiciro by’ibiribwa ngo byazamutse, ku rwego rw’uko ubu hari imwe mu miryango irya inshuro imwe k’umunsi. Abagezweho cyane n’ibi bibazo bikomeye kuri ubu ni abo mu mirenge ya Busogo, Musanze, Rwaza n’indi itandukanye, ndetse ngo no mu turere hafi ya twose two muri iyi ntara nta hatagaragara ingaruka z’imvura idasanzwe yaguye. Nzigira Eliab, wo mu murenge wa Busogo muri Musanze yagize ati:“Kuri ubu kubona amafunguro ni ibintu bidukomereye, turya inshuro imwe k’umunsi ariko nabwo ni ukureba ko biraza kudukwira, iyo byanze tujya mu buriri tukiryamira. Iyi nzara rero yatewe n’uko imirima y’imyaka yose imvura yayijyanye, ikiro cy’ibirayi kuri ubu ni amafaranga 250, kandi ntikizagabanuka kubera ko nta mbuto y’ibirayi ihari ntaho yava. Ubu imbuto igurwa mu karere ka Burera no muri Uganda ku mafaranga 450, igura umugabo igasiba undi.” Kagungu Jean Baptiste, wo mu murenge wa Rwaza, we yagize ati:“Ubu ntawakwihanukira ngo avuge ko abaturage badashonje, twajyaga dutungwa n’ibishyimbo none izuba ryavuye kare birarumba, twatungwaga hano n’ibijumba iyo twaburaga ibishyimbo none ubu na byo ntabyo, mbese ubu tumerewe nabi kuko mu minsi iri imbere bishobora no gushira burundu. Na wese ubu ikiro cy’ibishyimbo ni amafaranga 500 ibintu bitabayeho mu mateka y’u Rwanda.Turasaba ko Leta yareba uburyo ushakisha ibiribwa igashyiraho n’amasoko tuzajya tubiguriramo ku giciro cyo hasi”. Guverineri w’Intara y’Amajyaruguru Bosenibamwe Aime, nawe yemera ko bishoboka ko imvura idasanzwe yaguye muri iyi Ntara yagira ingaruka ku giciro cyo ku isoko, gusa akavuga ubuyobozi bwafashe ingamba zo guha abaturage imbuto yo guhinga, ku buryo yemeza ko iyi Ntara izakomeza kuba ikigega cy’igihugu mu biribwa. Yagize ati “Ni byo koko Intara y’Amajyaruguru yahuye n’ibiza bikomeye kandi bitandukanye, ariko nta mpamvu yo kuvuga ko hari inzara kuko ndizera ko ari ikigega cy’ igihugu kandi kizakomeza kuba cyo. Nta nzara rero, ku bahuye n’ibiza ubu twavuganye na RAB igiye kubashakira imbuto zinyuranye, ibirayi, ibigori n’ibishyimbo.Abaturage rero ntibagire ubwoba nta nzara bazagira kuko ubuyobozi bwabo buzi ibibazo bihari kandi buri kumwe na bo”. Imvura idasanzwe yo muri Gicurasi 2016, yangije amahegitari menshi y’imyaka n’amazu arenga 100, hapfa n’abantu bagera kuri 30 mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru.
Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/polisi-yagaragaje-neza-ubushake-bwa-politiki-mu-kurwanya | Polisi yagaragaje neza ubushake bwa Politikimu kurwanya ruswa | Abapolisi 40 baturutse mu mitwe itandukanye ya Polisi y’u Rwanda, ku italiki ya 23 Nyakanga, batangiye umwiherero w’iminsi ibiri ku cyicaro gikuru cya Polisi ku Kacyiru, muri gahunda yo kongera imbaraga mu kurwanya ruswa mu gipolisi no mu gihugu muri rusange. Abitabiriye umwiherero ni abakora mu bugenzuzi bw’umurimo, mu bashinzwe umutekano wo mu muhanda, abarwanya inyerezwa ry’imisoro, abagenzacyaha, abakora iperereza n’abandi. Umuyobozi mukuru wa Polisi y’u Rwanda IGP)Emmanuel K. Gasana, watangije uyu mwiherero yahaye abawitabiriye inshingano yo gukumira ruswa. IGP Gasana yagize ati:”Birasaba ubukangurambaga no gukora ubushakashatsi, tugomba kujyana n’imyumvire mishya, twubaka igipolisi kigezweho kandi bigaragazwa na disipuline n’imyitwarire myiza bigomba no kugera ku banyarwanda bose tubibakanguriye.” Mu nyigisho yahatangiye igaragaza uruhare rw’umutwe bakoreramo mu guhindura intumbero ya Polisi mo impinduka nziza, umuyobozi wa Polisi yagize ati:”Inzego zirwanya ruswa niwo musingi w’ubuzima bw’igihugu no kugera kubyo twiyemeje.” Ubugenzuzi bw’umurimo ku ruhande rumwe bushinzwe kurwanya ruswa n’inyerezwa mu nzego za Leta. Yongeyeho ati:” Ubugenzuzi bw’umurimo nirwo rufunguzo rw’intumbero Polisi ifite, ariko bisaba ko buba bubyumva kandi bugafasha Polisi kugera ku ntego zayo.”
Kuri bo, mu kurangiza inshingano yo kurwanya ruswa, bagomba kumva ibintu by’ibanze, bagomba kumenya amakuru, kuba bafite ibyangombwa kandi hari ibyo basabwa gukora. Aha yagize ati:”Mugomba kumenya ibyo igihugu cyahisemo, indangagaciro za Polisi, kumenya icyo mushaka kandi mugashyiraho aho mukura amakuru.”
Yavuze ko ubugenzuzi buhoraho n’amahugurwa, nibyo bizageza Polisi ku rwego rwo kutihanganira ruswa haba muri Polisi imbere no mu gihugu Itangizwa ry’umwiherero kandi ryari ryitabiriwe n’umuyobozi wa Transparency International-Rwanda, Marie Immaculee Ingabire na Athanase Gatare, umukuru w’iperereza mu biro by’Umuvunyi. Polisi y’u Rwanda ikaba yishimira ubufatanye bukomeye hagati yayo n’izi nzego zombi zirwanya ruswa, nyuma y’amasezerano y’ubufatanye ifitanye nazo. Ku ruhanda rwe, Ingabire yagize ati:”Urwego nyobora na Polisi twembi tuzi neza ko gusangira amakuru ari imwe mu ntwaro zo gutsinda urugamba rwo kurwanya ruswa.”
Yagize kandi ati:”Transparency International-Rwanda ibona amakuru ariko ntishinja cyangwa ngo ikore iperereza ku byaha, Polisi niyo ifite gukumira mu nshingano, gushaka no kugenza ibyaha” N’ubwo Polisi ishyirwa ku rutonde rw’inzego zirangwamo ruswa, yagize ati:”Polisi yagaragaje neza ubushake bwa Politiki” mu kurwanya ruswa.
Nibura ibirego 201 muri 7953 byakiriwe na Transparency International-Rwanda kuri ruswa mu mwaka wa 2015, ni ibyaregwaga Polisi.
Yanditswe na RNP |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/abacururiza-mu-isoko-rya-ruhango-bakanguriwe-kwita-ku | Abacururiza mu isoko rya Ruhango bakanguriwe kwita ku burere bw’umwana | Abantu 180 bacururiza mu isoko rya Ruhango ribarizwa mu karere ka Ruhango bakanguriwe kwita ku burere bw’abana kugira ngo babarinde imyitwarire mibi nko kwishora mu biyobyabwenge.
Babikanguriwe ku itariki 19 Nyakanga mu nama bagiranye n’umuyobozi w’aka karere wungirije ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage, Epimaque Twagirimana afatanyije na Inspector of Police (IP) Angelique Abijuru, akaba ashinzwe imikoranire ya Polisi y’u Rwanda n’abaturage ndetse n’izindi nzego hagamijwe ubufatanye mu kubumbatira umutekano muri aka karere. Mu butumwa bwe, Twagirimana yabwiye abo bacuruzi ati:"Ntimugahugire mu gushaka amafaranga ngo mwibagirwe ko abana bakeneye inama zanyu. Mu byo mukora byose mujye mugena igihe cyo kuganira na bo kuko inama zanyu zituma batishora mu ngeso mbi nk’ubusambanyi bukurikirwa n’ingaruka zirimo gutwara inda zitateganyijwe, kureka ishuri no kwandura zimwe mu ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina."
Yakomeje agira ati:"Kurera umwana neza ni inshingano za buri wese.Kumugira inama ni bumwe mu buryo bwo kumurinda kugwa mu bishuko." IP Abijuru yabwiye abo bacuruzi ko kuganira n’abana bibarinda kunywa ibiyobyabwenge, kubicuruza cyangwa kubitunda. Yakomeje ababwira ati:"Bituma kandi batajya cyangwa ngo habe hagira ubajyana mu tubare, utubyiniro, ndetse n’ahandi bashobora guhurira n’ibishuko. Kuganira na bo bituma kandi batagwa mu mutego w’abacuruza abantu." IP Abijuru yababwiye kandi ati:"Ibyo muhirimbanira byose ntacyo byaba bimaze mu gihe abana banyu bishora mu ngeso mbi nko kunywa ibiyobyabwenge. Muzirikane ko ’Igiti kigororwa kikiri gito’. Murasabwa kwita ku burere bw’abana kuko ari amaboko y’igihugu." Yababwiye ko amakimbirane mu miryango ari mu bituma abana bahunga iwabo ku buryo bamwe bahitamo kuva mu ishuri bakajya ku mihanda aho bakorera ibikorwa bitemewe nk’ubujura, maze abasaba kuyirinda no kuyacyemura mu bwumvikane igihe abayeho. Mu ijambo rye, ukuriye Komite y’iryo soko , Ngendahayo François yagize ati:"Kurera abana neza ni ukurerera igihugu." Yashimye inama bagiriwe, kandi asaba abacuruzi bagenzi be kuzikurikiza.
Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/mineduc-agahimbazamusyi-kabujije-benshi-gukora-ibizamini | MINEDUC: Agahimbazamusyi kabujije benshi gukora ibizamini | N’ubwo biteganijwe ko uyu munsi aribwo abanyeshuli baza kuba bagera mu ngo zabo bava ku mashuli atandukanye hirya no hino mu Rwanda, igihembwe cya kabiri cy’umwaka w’amashuli 2016-2017 cyakunze kurangwa cyane na bamwe mu banyeshuli b’abana b’abakobwa batwaye inda z’indaro, abanyeshuli bagiye birukanwa badakoze ibizamini bisoza iki gihembwe cyane ahanini bitewe no kubura amafaranga yiswe ay’agahimbazamusyi n’ibindi. Iki kibazo cy’agahimbazamusyi ubundi nticyari gisanzwe giteza impagaraga muri iyi Minisiteri y’Uburezi gusa byageze muri iki gihembwe biba agahomamunwa kuko ni ikibazo cyakunze kugaruka cyane mu bitangazamakuru binyuranye ndetse n’abayobozi batandukanye bagiye babivugaho bamwe bagahamya ko agahimbazamusyi katemewe kuko usanga hari abanyeshuli babirenganiramo ahanini bitewe n’amikoro make. Ku runhande rw’abayobozi b’ibigo bagiye bemeza ko ubusanzwe ikigo ubwacyo aricyo kibiganiraho kikemeza niba hazajya hatangwa agahimbazamusyi gusa ibi byose babijyaho inama n’ababyeyi bafatanije kurera. Umwe wo mu ntara y’Iburasirazuba yaravuze ati “ Ubundi ikibazo cy’agahimbazamusyi ntago ari ikigo kiyemeza ahubwo twe tujya inama n’abarezi hamwe n’ababyeyi ubundi twasanga koko bikwiye tukayishyiraho”. Abajijwe niba bitabangamira abana b’abakene dore ko gahunda ya Leta ivuga ko umwana wese agomba kwigira ubuntu kugeza asoje amashuli yisumbuye, Uyu muyobozi yavuze ko umunyeshuli w’umukene nawe bamurebaho kuko bashyiraho amafaranga makeya adashobora kubangamira umuneyshuli uwo ariwe wese. Mu kiganiro yagirnye na Radio Frash muri iki gitondo, Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri MINEDUC ushinzwe amashuli abanza n’ayisumbuye bwana Olivier Rwamukwaya yavuze ko Agahimbazamusyi katemewe mu Rwanda, Rwamukwaya yagize ati “Agahimbazamusyi sinzi niba hari aho byaba bikiba kuko iryo ni ikosa rikomeye kandi ibi ni ibintu mvuze kenshi cyane ko iyo ari gahunda iba hagati y’ababyeyi n’ubuyobozi bw’ikigo ariko nta munyeshuli ugomba kubuzwa gukora ikizamini kuko atatanze ayo mafaranga y’agahimbazamusyi, iyo ni nka ruswa ntago Leta y’u Rwanda iyemera yewe abo bantu babuza abana gukora ibizamini kubera kubura amafaranga y’agahimbazamusyi nge mubantungire agatoki ubundi mbereke icyo mbakorera”. Aha Rwamukwaya yakomeje abwira iyi radio ko umwana w’umunyarwanda yigira ubuntu amashuli abanza n’ayisumbuye rero ko bidakwiye kumva ngo umwana yirukanwe mu mwishuli noneho adakoze ikizamini hejuru y’amafaranga adafitiwe ubusobanuro nk’izo za prime(Agahimbazamusyi) zose. N’ubwo Rwamukwaya yavuze ibi ariko hari abanyeshuli benshi bagiye bagaragaza ko babujijwe gukora ibizamini by’igihembwe gishize ahanini bitewe no kuba bataratanze aya mafaranga y’agahimbazamusyi. Leta y’u Rwanda iteganya ko umunyeshuli yiga amashuli abanza agashyiraho icyiciro rusange ndetse byaba ngombwa agashyiraho n’amashuli yisumbuye yose kubuntu nta kikuguzi atanze ku myigire ye.
Olivier Rwamukwaya, Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri MINEDUC ushinzwe abashuli abanza n’ayisumbuye
Yanditswe na Snappy Akayezu Jean de Dieu/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/inzego-z-umutekano-zakoze-amahugurwa-ku-ikoreshwa-rya-drone | Inzego z’umutekano zakoze amahugurwa ku ikoreshwa rya Drone mu kirere cy’u Rwanda | Abagize inzego z’umutekano 33 barangije amahugurwa y’iminsi itatu ku bijyanye n’imikoreshereze ya drone mu kirere cy’u Rwanda. Aya mahugurwa yateguwe na Minisiteri y’Ingabo yashojwe kuri uyu wa Kane tariki 21 Nyakanga 2016.
Intego y’amahugurwa byari uguha ubumenyi inzego z’umutekano ku mikoreshereze ya drone n’imicungire yazo mu kirere cy’u Rwanda. Aya mahugurwa yafunguwe n’Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo zirwanira mu kirere, Brig Gen Charles Karamba ku itariki 19 Nyakanga 2016. Akaba yaravuze ko ari bwo bwa mbere amahugurwa nk’aya ateguwe hagamijwe kungurana ubumenyi ku ikoreshwa rya drone mu iterambere ry’u Rwanda. Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe iby’indege (RCAA) Col Silas Udahemuka ni we washoje aya mahugurwa. Yavuze ko RCAA yamaze gukora amategeko agenga imikoreshereze ya drone mu kirere cy’u Rwanda. Asobanura kandi ko aya mategeko yateguwe hitawe ku mutekano w’igihugu. Col Udahemuka yavuze ko abitabiriye aya mahugurwa bahuguwe k’ ubumenyi butandukanye harimo uko drone zikoreshwa, amategeko azigenga, icyo zafasha mu iterambere ry’igihugu, uburyo zigenzurwa mu kirere, uburyo zakoreshwa mu rwego rw’umutekano n’ibindi. Maj Asifiwe Kamasa ushinzwe imigenzurire y’indege muri RCAA yavuze ko aya mahugurwa wari umwanya wo kugira ngo inzego z’umutekano zirusheho gusobanukirwa n’ibijyanye n’ ikoreshwa rya drone mu kirere cy’u Rwanda. Aya mahugurwa yitabiriwe n’abaturutse mu nzego z’igihugu z’umutekano barimo abavuye muri RDF, Police y’igihugu, Urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe iperereza hamwe n’abo mu Kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe iby’indege.
muyobozi mukuru wa’Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe indege, Col Silas Udahemuka ageza ijambo ku bitabiriye amahugurwa
Yanditswe na Chief editor/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/polisi-y-u-rwanda-yatashye-icyicaro-cyayo-mu-ntara-y | Polisi y’u Rwanda yatashye icyicaro cyayo mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo (Amafoto) | Polisi y’u Rwanda ejo yatashye ku mugaragaro inyubako nshya y’icyicaro cyayo mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo, ikaba ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 680 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.
Minisitiri w’Umutekano mu gihugu,Sheik Musa Fazil Harerimana niwe wayoboye uwo muhango. Ni umuhango kandi witabiriwe n’Umuyobozi mukuru wa Polisi y’u Rwanda, Inspector General of Police (IGP) Emmanuel K Gasana, umuyobozi w’Intara y’Amajyepfo, Alphonse Munyantwari n’abandi bayobozi. Iyi nyubako y’amagorofa abiri yubatswe mu mezi 12 ku buso bwa 6727 m2 n’ibyumba 37. Ifite ibyumba bibiri by’inama, sitasiyo ya Polisi ifite ibyumba bibiri bifungirwamo byujuje ibyangombwa, icyumba kiganiririzwamo abahungabanye cyangwa bahohotewe, ikagira n’aho bahagarika imodoka hanini n’ubusitani. Izaba irimo kandi icyicari cya Polisi mu karere ka Huye, na sitasiyo ya Polisi ya Ngoma. Avuga kuri uyu muhango wabereye mu karere ka Huye, Minisitiri Harerimana yavuze ko iyi nzu yubatswe bijyanye na gahunda ya Polisi y’u Rwanda yo kwiyubaka.
Minisitiri Harerimana yagize ati:”Iyi nyubako ni imwe mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’umurongo watanzwe na Nyakubahwa Perezida Paul Kagame kuri Polisi y’u Rwanda mu kuyiha ubushobozi. Turashimira abafatanyabikorwa bose mu iyubakwa kw’iyi nzu, kandi ni muri ubwo bufatanye tuzagera no ku bindi byinshi.” Polisi y’u Rwanda ikaba kandi irimo gusoza izindi nyubako eshatu z’ibyicari byayo I Musanze mu Majyaruguru, Rubavu Iburengerazuba na Rwamagana mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba. Guverineri Munyentwari yashimiye Polisi y’u Rwanda ku mikoranire yayo n’abafatanyabikorwa aho yagize ati:” Iki gikorwa kije gisanga iterambere ry’imikoranire ya Polisi n’abaturage nabyo byazamuye umutekano w’abaturage.”
Umuvugizi mukuru wa Polisi y’u Rwanda, Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP) Celestin Twahirwa yavuze ko ibi biri muri gahunda ya Polisi y’u Rwanda yo kwiteza imbere mu bikorwaremezo. ACP Twahirwa yagize ati:”Kugeza ubu, icyicaro gikuru cya Polisi ku Kacyiru, icya Polisi y’Umujyi wa Kigali I Remera byararangiye kandi izindi nyubako eshatu z’ibyicaro bya Polisi mu ntara bizarangira vuba. Icyiciro kizakurikiraho ni icyo kubaka sitasiyo za Polisi.”
Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/itangazo-ku-bakeneye-kugana-kigali-convention-centre | Itangazo ku bakeneye kugana Kigali Convention Centre | Ku bufatanye hagati ya Police y’Igihugu n’Umujyi wa Kigali, baramenyesha abakeneye kugana CONVENTION CENTRE ko guhera none tariki ya 21/08/2016, imiryango ifunguye aho bazinjira kuburyo bukurikira:
Abafite imodoka, bazakoresha umuhanda uva kuri Roundabout ya MINIJUST bakomeze berekeza mu muhanda uca hagati ya MINIJUST na CONVENTION CENTRE binjirire mwirembo ry’inyuma ya CONVENTION CENTRE ari naryo bazakoresha basohoka bagasubira inyuma aho baturutse cyangwa bakagana mu umuhanda wo mu Rugando werekeza kuri Lemigo Hotel. Ku banyamaguru bo bashobora kugana CONVENTION CENTRE baturutse ku muhanda uva ku Kabindi werekeza roundabout isanzwe ya KBC, umuhanda uva Kacyiru uturutse kuri Roundabout nshya yo kuri NINZI HILL HOTEL hamwe n’umuhanda uturuka MINIJUST ugakomeza ugana kuri roundabout ya KBC. Aho waba uturutse hose, umuryango munini- main gate ubangikanye na roundabout isanzwe ya KBC, niwo uzakoreshwa n’abanyamaguru mu kwinjira no gusohoka.
Yanditswe na RNP |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/huye-minisitiri-kaboneka-yasabye-abaturage-korohereza-leta | Huye: Minisitiri Kaboneka yasabye abaturage korohereza Leta | Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu Francis Kaboneka yasabye abaturage kwirinda amananiza mu gihe Leta yateguye gahunda yo kubimura aho batuye hashobora gushyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga, abibutsa ko bimurwa ku bw’inyungu zabo, ndetse ko n’ahashyirwa ibikorwa by’amajyambere ari bo bifitiye akamaro. Ubu butumwa Minisitiri Kaboneka yabutangiye mu kagari ka Shori, mu murenge wa Gishamvu mu karere Huye, aho yari yasuye abaturage, mu ruzinduko rugamije kubakemurira ibibazo. Ubwo bahabwaga umwanya wo kubaza ibibazo, abaturage bo muri uyu murenge bagarutse cyane ku kibazo cya bamwe muri bo bimuye mu isantere y’ubucuruzi ya Busoro, igikorwa cyo kubimura kigakorwa nta ngurane bahawe. Hashize amezi asaga 10 abacuruzi n’abaturage basaga 63 bo muri iyo santere ya Busoro basabwe kwimuka, bakajya gutura ahandi hatari mu gishanga, abakora imirimo y’ubucuruzi bo bakaba barasabwe gukorera mu isoko rishya ryubatswe muri uwo murenge wa Gishamvu, ariko bamwe mu baturage ntibishimiye kwimurwa, abandi bagaragaza ko bifuza guhabwa ingurane y’ibyabo. Minisitiri Kaboneka yabwiye aba baturage ko bakwiye kumva ko kwimurwa mbere na mbere ari bo bifitiye akamaro, kuko bimurwa ku nyungu zabo bwite ndetse n’inyungu z’igihugu muri rusange. Yagize ati "Biragaragara ko aho mwasabwe kuva ari mu gishanga kandi muzi ko ari inyungu zanyu kuvanwa muri ntuye nabi, kuko ni ubuzima bwanyu Leta irengera. Gusa hari igihe mudahita mubyumva mukumva ko babahohoteye babakuye mu byanyu, nyamara ntimurebe inyungu zo mu gihe kizaza.
Nimukoreshe rero aya mahirwe, kuko ejo n’ejobundi aha mwanga kwimukira mwazasanga harashize haragiyemo abandi babona inyungu zaho, ni inyungu zanyu rero kwimurira ibikorwa byanyu ahari umutekano." Yanditswe na Editor 1/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/abantu-icyenda-bafunzwe-bazira-kurigisa-umutungo-wa-leta-no | Abantu Icyenda bafunzwe bazira kurigisa umutungo wa Leta no gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano | Polisi y’u Rwanda ifunze abantu icyenda barimo abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze bo mu turere twa Nyagatare na Ruhango, bakurikiranyweho kurigisa umutungo wa Leta ubusanzwe wagenewe gahunda zo guteza imbere abaturage, bakoresheje inyandiko mpimbano. Muri batanu bo mu karere ka Ruhango harimo umuyobozi umwe wo mu murenge wa Ntongwe, umuvuzi w’amatungo ndetse n’abaturage batatu. Nk’uko bitangazwa n’umuvugizi wa Polisi y’u Rwanda mu ntara y’amajyepfo, Chief Inspector of Police (CIP) André Hakizimana, uwo muyobozi arashinjwa guhimba raporo za gahunda y’ubudehe agamije kunyereza ibyagenewe abatishoboye, naho umuvuzi w’amatungo we akaba azira kwaka amafranga abaturage ngo abashyire ku rutonde rw’abagomba guhabwa inka muri gahunda ya Girinka. CIP Hakizimana akomeza asobanura ko abaturage batatu bo bahimbye Koperative ya baringa hanyuma bakaka abaturage amafaranga babizeza kubashyira ku rutonde rw’abazahabwa inka, bakaba barafashwe bamaze kubaka agera kuri miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana arindwi y’u Rwanda. CIP Hakizimana yagize ati:" Aba bafashwe ubusanzwe nibo bakagombye kuba bafasha mu migendekere myiza yo gushyira gahunda za Leta mu bikorwa, ariko bo bahisemo gufata icyerekezo gihabanye n’imiyoborere myiza. Turasaba abanyarwanda bose guhaguruka bakarwanya bene iyi mitekerereze kandi bakarwanira uburenganzira bwabo bwo kugezwaho ibyo bateganyirijwe”. Yakomeje agira ati:" Bene izi gahunda Leta izishyiriraho abaturage ngo bagire ubuzima bwiza, niyo mpamvu Polisi y’u Rwanda yafashe ingamba zo kutihanganira na rimwe abanyuranya n’izo gahunda, banyereza ibyagenewe rubanda”. Polisi y’u Rwanda yashyizeho ishami ridasanzwe rishinzwe kurwanya ibyaha bya ruswa n’inyerezwa ry’umutungo wa Leta ndetse rihabwa n’imbaraga zihagije. Ni muri urwo rwego Polisi y’u Rwanda mu karere ka Nyagatare yafashe abantu bane bashinjwa gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano no kunyereza amafaranga yagenewe guteza imbere abaturage muri gahunda ya VUP. Abafashwe ni Jean de Dieu Mvukiyehe, umuyobozi w’Akagali ka Tovu, Joselyne Banguwiha, umuyobozi w’umudugudu wa Gashuro mu kagali ka Tovu, Kavutse Jean Baptise, umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’amashuri ya Tovu na Bamurange Agnes, ukuriye Koperative y’impimbano yitwa DUHUJIMIHIGO. Bamurange aranaregwa gufatanya nundi muntu mu gukora impapuro mpimbano zerekana ko bashyizeho Koperative yitwa "DUHUJIMIHIGO". Umuvugizi wa Polisi y’u Rwanda mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, Inspector of Police (IP) Emmanuel Kayigi yagize ati:"Baracyekwaho gufatanya n’abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze babiri, uw’umudugudu n’uw’akagari mu gukora ibyo byaha. Abo bayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze baracyekwaho kuba barasinye ku byangombwa bya Koperative ya baringa ku buryo byatumye babona inkunga ya VUP ingana na miriyoni ebyiri n’igice z’’amafaranga y’u Rwanda." Yongeyeho ko abahamwe n’ibi byaha bahanwa n’ingingo za 325 na 609 zo mu gitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda. Ingingo ya 325 ivuga ko uhamwe n’icyaha cyo kurigisa umutungo ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka irindwi (7) kugeza ku myaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga yikubye inshuro kuva kuri ebyiri (2) kugeza kuri eshanu (5) z’agaciro k’umutungo warigishijwe cyangwa wononwe. Iya 609 ivuga ko umuntu wese uhimba cyangwa uhindura mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose inyandiko, ashyiraho umukono cyangwa igikumwe bitari byo, yonona inyandiko cyangwa imikono, asimbuza abantu abandi, ahimba amasezerano, imiterere y’ingingo zayo, igitegetswe gukorwa cyangwa icyarangije kwemeranywa, ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi magana atatu (300.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000). Yanditswe na RNP |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/abakora-ingendo-na-royal-express-nyabugogo-kicukiro | Abakora ingendo na Royal Express Nyabugogo-Kicukiro barijujutira guhindurirwaho ibiciro | Abagenzi batunguwe no kuba bari kwishyuzwa amafaranga atandukanye cyane na tike(Ticket) bari guhabwa n’ababatwara aho itike y’amafaranga 200 irimo kwishyurwa agera kuri 250 mu gihe ibi abaturage batari basanzwe babimenyereye cyane cyane ku bakora ingendo ziva Nyabugogo berekeza Kicukiro ubusanzwe batwarwa na Kompanyi ya Royal Express.
Ibi ni ibyagaragajwe n’abagenzi bakora ingendo mu muhanda Nyabugogo berekeza Kicukiro ubusanzwe batwarwa na kompanyi ya Royal Express, aho mu matike barimo guhabwa ari kuba ari aya 200Frw naho amafaranga bishyuzwa akaba ari 250Frw. Umwe mu baganiriye na Muhabura.rw utemeye ko izina rye rijya mu itangazamakuru yagaragaje ko abangamiwe cyane no kuba yishyura amafaranga ataherewe inyemezabwishyu. Akaba yagize ati “Ibi ni nk’agahomamunwa kumva ko nakwishyura amafaranga 250 kandi bampaye tike ya 200, ubundi se ko turi kubabaza impamvu ugasanga abashoferi barimo kutwuka inabi kandi ukaba ubona ntahantu dufite twabariza cyangwa ngo dutangire ikibazo cyacu kuko nk’ubu iyi modoka ngerageje gufata purake zayo (RAC 365 U) ngo byibuze mpamagare RURA ariko nahamagaye telephone ntago barimo kuyitaba none urumva twakora iki kandi birirwa bavuga ngo tujye tubahamagara?”. Uyu mugenzi kandi akomeza asaba ko RURA yagakwiye kubatabara kuko babangamiwe ku buryo budafite kivugira. Naho ku ruhande rw’umunyeshuli wari uvuye ku ishuli mu ntara y’Amajyaruguru we yavuze ko yaje afite ibiceri bibiri byonyine bimugeza Kicukiro Centre ariko atunguwe no gusanga ibiciro byarazamutse mu buryo atazi nawe. Uyu munyeshuli yagize ati “ Ngewe naje mfite ibiceri bibiri ubwo ni 200 gusa kuko nari nsanzwe nziko ariyo ngendera kandi na tike bampaye irabigaragaza ariko Imana ngize ni uko mugenzi wange amfashishe akanyongereraho igiceri cya 50 naho ubundi Komvayeri yari ansubije hanze urumva sinari kubona uko ngera mu rugo pe”. Iki kibazo RURA yagize icyo ikivugaho cyane ko ibi byose biri mu nshingano zayo. Ku murongo wa Telefone na Katabarwa Emmanuel, Umuyobozi ushinzwe gutwara abantu n’ibintu muri RURA yabwiye Muhabura.rw ko yamaze kuvugana n’iyi kompanyi ya Royal Express imusobanurira ko yagize ikibazo cy’abagenzi babaye benshi ariko ubusanzwe amafaranga yishyurwa ni 250. Aha Katabarwa yagize ati “Nkimara kumenya iki kibazo navuganye n’abayobozi ba Royal Express banyemerera ko icyo kibazo cyabayeho kandi ko barimo gukora ibishoboka byose ngo bikosorwe kandi impamvu ni uko abagenzi babaye benshi ahanini bitewe n’uko izi modoka zirimo gutwara abagenzi bajya Kicukiro ariko bivanze n’abajya mu karere ka Bugesera”.
Katabarwa Emmanuel, Umuyobozi ushinzwe gutwara abantu n’ibintu muri RURA/Ifoto:Interineti Ibi bije ahanini bitewe n’iyimurwa rya Gare ya Kicukiro kuri ubu yimukiye I Nyanza ya Kicukiro, hakiyongeraho abaturage baturukaga mu karere ka Bugesera baza I Kigali n’abava I Kigali berekeza muri aka karere aho bari guhagarara muri iyi gare ya Nyanza hanyuma bagatega imodoka zibageza muri gare ya Nyabugogo, bivuze ngo abaturuka I Kigali bajya I Bugesera nabo bava muri gare ya Nyabugogo bagatega berekeza Kicukiro – Nyanza hanyuma bagatega imodoka zibajyana mu karere ka Bugesera.
Yanditswe na Snappy Akayezu Jean de Dieu/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/abanyarwanda-bamenye-gutandukanya-kongera-imyaka-yo | Abanyarwanda bamenye gutandukanya kongera imyaka yo gucuruza caguwa ko, atari ukugabanya imisoro | Minisitiri w’Inganda Francois kanimba muri icy’igitondo Yatangaje ko Abanyarwanda ba kwiye ku menya gu tandukanya kongera imyaka 3 mu gucuruza caguwa kugeza 2020 , atari ukugabanya imisoro ! kuko buri Gihugu cyahise mo uburyo bwihariye! Twe nk’U Rwanda turashaka guha Inganda zacu ubushobozi! Bwo gukora imyenda myiza kandi mishya, uzaba afite amafaranga. Ntawe uzamubuza kurangura caguwa ariko ntibivuze ko havanywe ho Imisoro ya caguwa. Izakomeza igumeho
Yagize Ati:’ Mu nama bemeje ko bagiye kubanza gushishoza bakareba niba akarere gafite ubushobozi bwo kwikorera imyenda n’inkweto byiza kandi bihagije, hanyuma bakabona guca caguwa , ndetse Hakorwe Ubushakashatsi buzadufasha kumenya niba dufite ubumenyi, ipamba n’impu bihagije byakora caguwa mbere yo kuzica.”Yasobanuye ko muri iyi myaka itatu ibihugu bigize EAC bizitoranyamo ibifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibisimbura caguwa, Minisiti yashimangiye ko, Nk’uko Leta yari yarabiteganyije umwanzuro wo gukuba inshuro nyinshi imisoro y’imyenda n’’inkweto za caguwa, ibyinjiye mu Rwanda byose bisoreshwa ku misoro mishya ntakiza hinduka . uretse ko ntawe uzabuzwa kurangura caguwa mugihe ufite Amafaranga.
Yanditswe na Sarongo Richard/MUHABURA.RW
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2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/bane-bafashwe-bacukura-amabuye-y-agaciro-mu-buryo | Bane bafashwe bacukura amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko muri Ngororero | Abagabo bane bafungiwe kuri sitasiyo ya Polisi y’u Rwanda ya Kavumu, mu karere ka Ngororero, aho bakurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gucukura Colta mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko mu ishyamba rya Leta riherereye mu kagari ka Tetero, ho mu murenge wa Kavumu. Abafungiwe iki cyaha ni Bazimaziki Fidel ufite imyaka 36 y’amavuko,Tiyishimire Noel ufite imyaka 28 y’amavuko, Ntibagawe ufite imyaka 55 y’amavuko, na Tuyambaze Vincent ufite imyaka 19 y’amavuko. Bafashwe ku itariki 16 Nyakanga ahagana saa kumi za nimugoroba, bakaba ndetse barasanganywe ibiro bitanu bya Colta bari bamaze gucukura. Umuyobozi wa Polisi y’u Rwanda muri aka karere, Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) Marc Gasangwa yongeye gusaba abagatuye kwirinda ibikorwa nk’ibi binyuranije n’amategeko kandi bagatanga amakuru y’ababikora. Yagize ati,"Umuntu ushaka gucukura amabuye y’agaciro agomba kubisabira uburenganzira, kandi agatangira kubikora ari uko amaze kuruhabwa. Agomba kandi kuyacukura mu buryo butabangamiye ibidukikije, kandi budashyira mu kaga ubuzima bw’ababikora.
" SSP Gasangwa yasobanuye ko gucukura amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko byangiza ibidukikije, kandi ko iyangirika ryabyo rigira ingaruka mbi ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Yakomeje avuga ko kuyacukura mu buryo butubahirije amategeko biri mu bitera inkangu, gutemba k’ubutaka, imyuzure, n’ibindi biza bihitana abantu, bikabakomeretsa, cyangwa bikangiza ibintu bitandukanye. Yagiriye inama abafite amasosiyete acukura amabuye y’agaciro yo guhora basuzuma ko ibikoresho bakoresha ari bizima, ibishaje bakabisimbuza ibishya, kandi bagafata n’izindi ngamba zo gukumira impanuka aho bakorera iyo mirimo." SSP Gasangwa yasoje ubutumwa bwe asaba abatuye muri aka karere kwirinda ibikorwa byose binyuranije n’amategeko harimo n’ibi byo gucukura amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo butubahirije amategeko, kandi bagatanga amakuru y’ababikoze. Ingingo ya 438 y’igitabo cy’amategeko ahana y’u Rwanda, ivuga ko, umuntu wese ukora imirimo y’ubushakashatsi cyangwa iy’ubucuruzi bw’amabuyey’agaciro mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi atandatu kugeza ku mwaka umwe n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni eshatu kugeza kuri miliyoni icumi cyangwa kimwe gusa muri ibyo bihano.
Bane bafashwe bacukura amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko muri Ngororero
Yanditswe na RNP |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/nyabihu-abantu-batandatu-barimo-abagore-batanu-bafatiwe-mu | Nyabihu: Abantu batandatu barimo abagore batanu bafatiwe mu mukwabu | Abantu batandatu barimo abagore batanu bafatiwe mu karere ka Nyabihu mu mukwabu wakozwe na Polisi mu rwego rwo guhangana na magendu .
Umuyobozi wa Polisi mu karere ka Nyabihu, Superintendent Alex Fata yavuze ko abakekwa bafashwe mu mikwabu ibiri itandukanye yakozwe na Polisi ku italiki ya 12 Nyakanga mu murenge wa Mukamira. Mu bafashwe bakekwa harimo Mukamurenzi Viviane na Mushimiyimana Harima bafatiwe mu kagari ka Kanyove, mu mudugudu wa Gisenyi. Abandi ni Nyirankundumukiza Christine, Havugimana Ismael, Umutesi Aicha na Uwamahoro Amina bafatiwe kuri bariyeri yari yashyizwe mu kagari ka Rugeshi. SP Fata yagize ati:” Imikwabu yombi yagenze neza, twabonye amakuru atanzwe n’abagenzi bo mu matagisi, niyo mpamvu byatworoheye kumenya abafite imitwaro irimo ibitemewe no kumenya ba nyirayo.” Mukamurenzi na Mushimiyimana bivugwa ko bari bavuye muri Kongo bakoresheje umupaka utemewe muri Rubavu, basanganywe uducupa 460 tw’amavuta ya Diproson, utundi 170 twa Epiderme Crème yose yaciwe ku isoko ryo mu Rwanda, amacupa 22 y’inzoga yitwa Wild Wolf Plus ndetse n’udukombe 154 tw’umushongi w’inyanya twa Salsa. Abandi bane, bivugwa ko bavaga muri Uganda, bari bafite amajerikani y’amavuta yo guteka, amacupa 78 y’ikinyobwa kidasembuye cyitwa Novida hamwe n’imyenda. SP Fata yagize ati:”tukimara kubona amakuru y’abavanye magendu muri Uganda, twahise dushyiraho bariyeri ihagarika iyo modoka ariko dusanga bamaze guhisha magendu yabo, ariko mu kubabaza, bemeye icyaha maze banarangira abapolisi aho babihishe barabizana.” Yarangije agira ati:”Kubera ko Nyabihu akoreshwa cyane n’abatwara magendu n’ibiyobyabwenge bavanye muri Uganda cyangwa Kongo, twashyize imbaraga mu kwigisha abaturage kandi imikwabu dukora yoroshywa cyane n’amakuru duhabwa n’abaturage bamaze kubyumva, dushyiraho za bariyeri z’igihe gito kandi dukora n’imisako.”
Yanditswe na Sarongo/RICHARD/muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/u-rwanda-rwatewe-inkunga-y-amadolari-miliyoni-184-1-zo | U Rwanda rwatewe inkunga y’amadolari miliyoni 184.1 zo kubaka Umuhanda Kagitumba-Kayonza-Rusumo | Inkunga y’amadolari agera kuri miliyoni 184.1 niyo u Rwanda rwahawe na Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere, AFDB, Leta y’u Buyapani n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’u Burayi akaba azakoreshwa mu kwihutisha imirimo yo kubaka Umuhanda Kagitumba-Kayonza-Rusumo Muri aya mafaranga harimo inguzanyo ya Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere,AFDB ingana na miliyoni 94 z’amadoalri, inguzanyo ya miliyoni 68.4 yatanzwe n’u Buyapani mu gihe asigaye ari inkunga yatanzwe n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’u Burayi, EU. Minisitiri Gatete yavuze ko kubaka uyu muhanda ari ingenzi cyane kuko uzahuza ibihugu biri mu muhora wa Ruguru n’uwo hagati. Yagize ati"Uyu mushinga witezweho kurushaho gushimangira ubucuruzi mu karere, kunoza imikorere y’ibigo bikora ubwikorezi no kugabanya ikiguzi cyabwo." Aya mafaranga yatanzwe na AFDB azishyurwa mu gihe cy’imyaka 40, ku nyungu iciriritse ya 0.75%, mu gihe u Buyapani buzajya buhabwa inyungu ya 0.01% harimo imyaka 10 itazishyurwa.
Yanditswe na Editor 1/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/polisi-yafashe-imodoka-ipakiye-divayi-za-magendu | Polisi yafashe imodoka ipakiye divayi za magendu | Ishami rya Polisi rirwanya inyerezwa ry’imisoro n’amahoro(Revenue Protection Unit) rikorera mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe imisoro n’amahoro, ryafashe imodoka ipakiye magendu y’amakarito 60 ya divayi za Drostdy Hof, ikaba yari yinjiye mu karere ka Rubavu iciye ku mupaka utemewe.
Imodoka RAA 290 I yafashwe kuri uyu wa kabirisaa yine ya mugitondo, ifatirwa kuri bariyeri yari mu murenge wa Mukamira, ikaba yari ipakiye divayi bikekwa ko yari ivanye hakurya y’umupaka mu kindi gihugu. Chief Superintendent (CSP) Sam Bugingo, umuyobozi wa ririya shami, yavuze ko iriya modoka yafashwe ku makuru yatanzwe n’abaturage bo muri Rubavu bayaha abari kuri bariyeri ku Mukamira.
CSP Bugingo yagize ati:”umushoferi w’iyi modoka witwa Alexandre Mugenama ubu arafunze n’imodoka ikaba yafashwe.” Itegeko rigenga imipaka mu muryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba rivuga ko umushoferi ufatiwe mu bikorwa nk’ibi acibwa amande yamadolari 5000 mu gihe imodoka n’ibyo yari itwaye bifatirwa. Yongeyeho ati:” Umuntu yaduhaye amakuru y’iriya magendu maze dukurikira imodoka yerekezaga I Kigali kugeza igihe ihagarikiwe ku Mukamira.” Yarangize agira ati:” ubufatanye bwacu n’abaturage bukomeje kuba ingirakamaro ku kurwanya magendu, ndahamagarira abaturage gukora ubucuruzi bwabo mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko kuko mu buryo ubu n’ubu kandi hafashwe ingamba zihamye kuri ubu bucuruzi.” Ingingo ya 369 y’igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ivuga ku muntu wese unyereza imisoro n’amahoro ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi atati kugeza kuri atandatu n’ihazabu ingana n’ibyanyerejwe. Hagati aho, uwari utwaye iriya modoka, yabwiye Polisi ko magendu yari atwaye yari iya nyir’imodoka uzwi nka Emmanuel Tuyisenge. Aha CSP Bugingo akaba yagize ati:” Iperereza rizerekana neza ibyo uyu mushoferi avuga kuri nyirabyo, nibiba byo, nawe azafatirwa ingamba.” Yarangije avuga ko kugeza ubu, inzoga zikomeye, amatabi, amavuta yo kwisiga yaciwe ku isoko, ibitenge n’indi myenda,..nibyo bigize magendu ikunze gufatirwa mu ntara y’Iburengerazuba.
Polisi yafashe imodoka ipakiye divayi za magendu |
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| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/musanze-bane-bafungiwe-uburiganya-muri-vup | Musanze: Bane bafungiwe uburiganya muri VUP | Ubuyobozi bw’umurenge wa Gashaki mu karere ka Musanze buratangaza ko abantu bane bari mu maboko y’ubutabera bakurikiranweho uburiganya muri gahunda ya VUP nyuma yo kuvumbura amatsinda agera kuri 6 ya baringa muri iyo gahunda.
Kuri ubu abari mu maboko y’ubutabera barimo Barakamfitiye Alphonse, ushinzwe iterambere mu kagari ka Kigabiro, Nturanyenabanzi Pierre, Aholinyuze Jean Baptiste, Zamurangi Eric, aba bose barakekwa kuba bari bafite amatsinda ya baringa. Ndizihiwe Servilien, wayoboraga akagari ka Kivumo we yemera ko yakoze itsinda rya baringa akanabisabira imbabazi, ubu ngo akaba atangiye kwishyura miliyoni imwe na Magana atatu. Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’umurenge wa Gashaki, Dushimire Jean yagize ati:“Ni byo ko iki kibazo mu murenge wa Gashaki kirazwi ko bamwe mu bayobozi batageza gahunda ya VUP ku bo ikwiye, ni muri urwo rwego turimo gukurikirana bamwe mu banyereje iyi gahunda. Nyuma y’igenzura tumaze gusanga rero haranyerejwe agera kuri miliyoni 80, ubu tukaba tumaze kubona arenga miliyoni 40, n’amatsinda 6 ya baringa”. Akomeza avuga ko hamaze gushyikirizwa ubutabera abagera kuri 4, kandi avuga ko hagishakishwa n’abandi .
Ati:“Habayemo bamwe mu bayobozi bakoze amatsinda ya Baringa, bafatanyije n’abacuruzi, hari rero bamwe mu bayobozi b’utugari wagira ngo ntibazi ko VUP yaje kuzamura abakene Bamwe mu baturage bo mu murenge wa Gashaki mu karere ka Musanze, bavuga ko batagerwaho n’ibikorwa bya VUP Umurenge, aho bemeza ko abo igirira akamaro ari abishoboye, mu gihe iyi gahunda bazi neza ko yaje igamije kuzamura abakene. Umwe mu baturage bo mu murenge wa Gashaki, yagize ati:“Ubu iyo bavuze ngo hari igikorwa kije guteza imbere umuturage tuba tuzi neza ko abayobozi bacu aribo bagiye kwikuriramo inyungu. Hera kuri Girinka ihabwa ufite amafaranga, nkanjye urabona nta kazi ngira ariko nagiye kugasaba Gitifu w’akagari ka Kigabiro muri VUP antera utwatsi, ikibabaza nta n’ubwo utakamba ngo bakumve. Barakamfitiye ushinzwe iterambere muri Kigabiro we iyo uvuze arakubwira ngo ujye gushakira ahandi imyanya yarashize, mbese ubu twarumiwe, nibareke abayobozi bakirire ku bakene n’abakire bajye babisangira nabo”. Guverineri w’Intara y’Amajyaruguru Bosenibamwe Aime mu kiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru, yagize ati:“Ni byo ko mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru harimo bamwe mu bayobozi batari inyangamugayo bahemutse muri gahunda y’ubudehe, Girinka, na VUP. Ibi akaba ari ibintu tugikurikirana gusa abanyamakuru bihangane tuzabatangariza imibare yose mu Ntara mu minsi iri imbere”.
Abagaragayeho uburiganya muri VUP batangiye gutabwa muri yombi
Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/MUHABURA.RW
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| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/rutsiro-farumasi-y-akarere-irishyuza-amavuriro-ideni-rya | Rutsiro: Farumasi y’Akarere irishyuza amavuriro ideni rya miliyoni 142 | Ubuyobozi bwa Farumasi y’Akarere ka Rutsiro, bweruye ko imikorere y’iyi Farumasi ikomeje kubangamirwa bikomeye n’umwenda w’amafaranga miliyoni 142, ibitaro bya Murunda n’ibigo nderabuzima byo muri aka karere byikopeshejemo imiti, ntibyishyure. Ibitaro bya Murunda ubwabyo byihariye umwenda wa miliyoni 54, muri uyu mwenda wa miliyoni 142 Farumasi yishyuza. Umuyobozi w’iyi Farumasi, Shumbusho Eugene, avuga ko mu gihe batarishyurwa aya mafaranga bibagora cyane kurangura indi miti, kandi noneho ngo igiteye impungenge ni uko bamwe mu babarimo umwenda usanga bajya kugura imiti mu tundi turere, bakanga kugurira kuri iyi Farumasi ngo itabishyuza. Yagize ati “Ibigo nderabuzima bimwe bijya kugurira imiti mu tundi turere batinya ko tubishyuza kuko twababwiye ko bazajya bahabwa imiti bamaze kwishyura, hari abagira isoni z’iryo deni bakajya ahandi, bikatwicira igenamigambi, iyo batatwishyuye tubura amafaranga yo kugura indi miti.” Umuyobozi w’Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Kibingo, Dusabinema Consolée, we yemera umwenda ikigo ayobora kibereyemo Farumasi y’Akarere, ndetse agahamya ko abasigaye bajya kugurira imiti ahandi bakora ibidakwiye. Ati “Njyewe ideni ndimo ndaryemera, ariko sindakora ikosa ryo kujya kugura imiti ahandi ntayibuze muri Farumasi y’Akarere.” Ibigo nderabuzima n’ibitaro byemera iyo myenda bivuga ko bazagenda byishyura buhoro buhoro, kuko Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yatangiye kugenda ibaha amafaranga yo kwishyura. Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
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| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/musanze-umusaza-yatamaje-umuyobozi-watumye-agurisha-inka-ya | Musanze:Umusaza yatamaje umuyobozi watumye agurisha inka ya Girinka | Umusaza witwa Dominique Byago w’imyaka 91, utuye mu mudugudu wa Nyamuremure, akagari ka Kigombe, mu murenge wa Muhoza, ababajwe nuko ubuyobozi bw’akagari ngo bwamusabye kugurisha inka yahawe muri gahunda ya Girinka bumwizeza kuzamugurira indi, none ngo amaso yaheze mu kirere. Uyu musaza utishoboye, unafite ubumuga bw’amaguru, aho agendera ku nkoni 2, avuga ko inka ye yari imufatiye runini, ariko ngo mu mezi abiri ashize atayifite no kubona ifumbire ntibimworoheye Yagize ati:“Umukozi w’akagari ushinzwe iterambere yansanze mu rugo anyumvisha uburyo inka nahawe mu budehe itazabyara ko byaba byiza nyigurishije nkitura, hanyuma amafaranga asagutse nkayaguramo indi nka, narabikoze nsagura amafaranga ibihumbi 60. Nyuma y’aho na yo araza arayanyaka nongereyeho andi ibihumbi 60 kuko yambwiye ko ngo agiye kungurira indi ya kizungu yo mu bwoko bwiza, narategereje ndaheba, nifuza ko nibura niba yumva ko hari amafaranga nasaguye kuri Girinka, dore ko nari maze kwitura, ndifuza ko ansubiza ayanjye 60, ubundi agatwara asigaye kuko nta kundi nabigenza”. Umwe mu baturanyi ba Byago witwa Kamuhanda yagize ati:“Ubu kano kagari abayobozi bakagize akarima kabo, baca amafaranga umuturage uko bishakiye,.…na we se uyu musaza baragira ngo abahe iki ko na we mubona atikura aho ari. Dore uyu musaza na we aje ari uwa kabiri mu baturage umukozi ushinzwe iterambere muri kano kagari aririye Girinka.Hari n’umukecuru witwa Nyiragahinda Josephine, aherutse kugurishiriza inka ye amugurira ihene, birababaje”. Uyu musaza akomeza avuga ko umuyobozi wamutwariye amafaranga yamusigiye inyandiko igaragaza ko amutwariye amafaranga, ari nayo aheraho asaba ko ayihabwa vuba. Hategekimana Beatrice, umukozi w’akagari ka Kigombe ushinzwe iterambere ari nawe ushyirwa mu majwi, yabwiye Imvaho Nshya ko amafaranga y’uyu musaza akiyafite, kuko inka yo kumugurira itaraboneka. Yagize ati:“Ni byo koko amafaranga y’uriya musaza Byago arahari ariko ntabwo inka iraboneka, dutegereje gahunda yo ku karere ariko kugeza ubu ngubu amafaranga ye ni njye akibarirwaho, uzumva ayakeneye azaze ayambaze.Uwo rero baguriye ihene ni k’ubushake bwe kuko ntabwo ashoboye inka”. Guverineri w’Intara y’Amajyaruguru Bosenibamwe Aime, yavuze ko kugeza ubu hagikorwa iperereza n’urutonde rwa bamwe mu bayobozi bitwara nabi muri gahunda ya Girinka, kugira ngo bagenerwe ibihano bihwanye n’amakosa yabo. Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/mu-minsi-ibiri-gusa-polisi-y-u-rwanda-yagaruje-miliyoni-78 | Mu minsi ibiri gusa polisi y’u Rwanda yagaruje miliyoni 78 frws za magendu | Polisi y’u Rwanda yagaruje amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni 78 742 841 mu gikorwa cyiswe Usalama III cyahuriwemo n’ibihugu 28 byo muri Afurika y’Uburasirazuba n’iy’Amajyepfo. Usalama III ni igikorwa cya polisi kigamije guhashya ibyaha ndenga mipaka, ibi bikorwa buri gihugu gikurikirana ibyaha bigikorerwamo, kigahereza ibindi amakuru yabifasha.
Usalama III yakozwe ku wa 29 na 30 Kamena 2016 yibanze ku byaha birimo ubucuruzi bw’abantu, ibiyobya bwenge, ibyangiza ibidukikije, ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro butemewe, iterabwoba, ubujura bw’ibinyabiziga, gutunga intwaro mu buryo butemewe ndetse n’ubujura bw’insinga z’amashanyarazi. Umuvugizi wa polisi y’u Rwanda, ACP Twahirwa Celestin, yavuze ko muri Usalama III uretse icyaha cy’iterabwoba , ibindi byose byagaragaye mu Rwanda. Yagize ati “Mu mukwabu w’iminsi ibiri polisi y’u Rwanda yakoze ifatanyije n’abaterankunga batandukanye , abantu bagera kuri 62 bafatiwe mu bucuruzi no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge, 27 bafatanywe insinga z’amashanyarazi bibye, 19 bafatanywe ikiyobya bwenge cya Heroine naho abandi batanu bakurikiranyweho gucuruza abantu” ACP Twahirwa yakomeje ati “ Uyu mukwabu twawukoze twifashishije ikoranabuhanga rya polisi mpuzamahanga (Interpol) rikora amasaha yose y’umunsi ku mipaka iduhuza n’ibindi bihugu ndetse n’abafatanya bikorwa bacu nka REG, MINIRENA ndetse n’urwego rushinzwe ibyinjira n’ibisohoka mu gihugu, ibintu byose byafashwe bifite agaciro k’amafaranga y’u Rwanda 78 742 841.” ACP Tony Kulamba ukuriye Interpol mu Rwanda, yasobanuye ko kuba muri Usalama III harafashwe ibintu byinshi kandi bihenze bitavuga ko polisi idakora ahubwo ko bigaragaza ko abishora mu byaha ari benshi. Yongeyeho ko USALAMA atari cyo gikorwa cyonyine kigamije guhashya ibyaha polisi y’u Rwanda ikoze. Ati “ Ibikorwa bya polisi bihoraho kandi bigamije gukumira ibyaha, abakora ibyaha bamenye ko na nyuma ya USALAMA III ubugenzuzi butahagaze, n’ubu turi gukora hari n’abari gufatirwa mu byaha, abantu bakwiye kumva ko iyo ufatiwe mu bikorwa bya magendu uhanwa kandi n’ayo washoye ukayahomba yose” Polisi ivuga ko ibyaha ndengamipaka mu Rwanda bigenda byiyongera umunsi ku munsi kandi ababyishoramo benshi bagakururwa ahanini n’amafaranga menshi bakuramo, kugeza ubu icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu kiri imbere mu bihangayikishije Isi yose. ACP Twahirwa avuga ko nubwo nta terabwoba ryagaragaye mu Rwanda mu minsi y’umukwabu wa USALAMA III, ibi atari ikimenyetso cy’uko nta terabwoba riri mu gihugu.
ACP Twahirwa Celestin (iburyo) na ACP Kulamba Tony (ibumoso) batangaza umusaruro wa USALAMA III
Yanditswe na Ubwanditswe/Muhabura.rw
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| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/minisitiri-w-intebe-yasabye-abakora-mu-buhinzi-n-ubworozi | Minisitiri w’Intebe yasabye abakora mu buhinzi n’ubworozi guca ukubiri n’ubusambo | Ubwo kuri uyu wa 5 Nyakanga 2016 hasozwaga itorero ry’abakozi bakora mu buhinzi n’ubworozi ryaberaga mu karere ka Huye, Minisitiri w’Intebe Anastase Murekezi yasabye izi ntore kuzarangwa n’umuco w’ubunyangamugayo birinda kurya ibyagenewe abatishoboye. Aba bakozi bagera ku 1001, bibukijwe ko urwego bakoramo ari rwo rusa n’urutunze igihugu bitewe n’uko urwego rw’Ubuhinzi n’ubworozi rutanga 90% rw’ibifungurwa mu Rwanda , ndetse rukaba runagira n’uruhare mu kurwanya ubukene. Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi , Tony Nsanganira yavuze ko iri torero rirangiye ryateguwe mu rwego rwo kunoza imikorere mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi hongerwa umusaruro. Minisitiri w’Intebe Anastase Murekezi yasabye aba bakozi barangije itorero kurushaho gukorana imbaraga batiganda kugira ngo barusheho guhindura imyumvire y’abahinzi n’aborozi hagamijwe guteza imbere igihugu. Yagize ati: “Ndabasaba kuzagira uruhare rugaragara mu guhindura imyumvire y’Abahinzi n’aborozi mu Rwanda, ndabasaba gukora mutiganda no kuba ku isonga ry’impinduramatwara y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi u Rwanda rwiyemeje kwimika.” Minisitiri w’intebe Murekezi kandi yasabye aba barangije itorero kugira umuco wo gufasha abo bashinzwe kuyobora barushaho kubahuza n’abafite inganda z’ibyo bakora kugira ngo babashe kubateza imbere, ndetse banirinda kurya utwabo cyane utuba twaragenewe abatishoboye bahabwa binyuze muri gahunda za Leta zitandukanye. Yagize ati “Muzafashe abahinzi n’aborozi guhura n’abafite inganda zikora ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi. Nsabye nkomeje umuco w’ubupfura ujye ubaranga muri gahunda zigenewe abatishoboye nka Girinka, umuco w’ubusambo ntukabarange.” Minisitiri w’intebe yasabye ibigo bya Leta bitandukanye ndetse na Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi gushyira imbaraga nyinshi mu bushakashatsi bushingiye ku bibazo by’Abahinzi n’Aborozi ndetse no kurushaho kwagura ibitekerezo n’ibikorwa bifasha u Rwanda kohereza hanze ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi. Minisitiri Murekezi yashimiye izi ntore zatojwe n’abazitoje bose, abibutsa ko igihugu kibatezeho umusaruro ugaragara mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi.
Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/ingabo-n-abapolisi-b-u-rwanda-bari-mu-butumwa-bw-amahoro-i | Ingabo n’Abapolisi b’u Rwanda bari mu butumwa bw’Amahoro i Darfur bambitswe imidali | Ku itariki 4 Ukwakira, Abapolisi b’u Rwanda 33 n’Ingabo z’u Rwanda (Rwanbatt 47) bari mu butumwa bw’Amahoro i Darfur (UNAMID) muri Sudani bambitswe imidari y’ishimwe nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko bakora akazi kabo neza ko kugarura no kubungabunga amahoro muri iki guhugu Kwambikwa imidari kwabo byahuriranye no kwizihiza Umunsi wo kwibohora wizihijwe ku nshuro ya 22. Intumwa yihariye y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye muri uyu muhango Martin Ihoeghian Uhomoibhi yavuze ko ‘Guhera ubu, abambitswe imidari bagizwe abahagarariye amahoro ku Isi hose.Umuhati wanyu mu kugarura amahoro muri Darfur uzahora wibukwa.’ Yakomeje avuga ko umutekano abatuye muri Darfur bafite uyu munsi bawukesha ubwitange bw’abambitswe imidari, kandi yongeraho ko baranzwe n’imikorere myiza kuva batangiye izi nshingano. Uhomoibhi yunamiye ababuriye ubuzima mu bikorwa byo kugarura amahoro muri Sudani, ibi akaba yarabikoze mu rwego rwo kubaha icyubahiro. Yashimye imiryango y’abambitswe imidari, ndetse n’u Rwanda muri rusange agira ati “Mwagize uruhare rukomeye mu kugarura amahoro muri Sudani. Umuryango w’Abibumbye uzahora uzirikana ibikorwa byanyu." Na none muri icyo gikorwa, abasirikare b’u Rwanda 47 bari muri ubu butumwa bw’amahoro na bo bambitswe imidari y’ishimwe. Uyu muhango witabiriwe kandi n’Umuyobozi wa UNAMID Lt. Gen Frank Mushyo Kamanzi, Police Commissioner Presilla Makotse, n’abandi banyacyubahiro batandukanye bafite inshingano zinyuranye muri ubu butumwa bw’amahoro
Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/leta-y-u-rwanda-yatangije-ikigega-cy-ubwizigame-gishya | Leta y’u Rwanda yatangije ikigega cy’ubwizigame gishya | Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi, MINECOFIN yatangaje ko Leta y’u Rwanda ibinyujije mu ikigo cy’ishoramari ry’umwuga, RNIT, yashyizeho ikigega gishya cy’ubwizigame kitwa, “Iterambere Fund” cy’ishoramari ry’umwuga kije korohereza gahunda yo gukusanya amafaranga imbere mu gihugu.
Ni nyuma y’uko inama y’abaminisitiri yo ku wa 24 Kamena 2016 yemeje icyo kigega kigamije gufasha mu ishoramari ry’iterambere. Itangazo MINECOFIN yashyize ahagaragara rivuga ko icyo kigega kizatangizwa ku mugaragaro ku wa 29 Kamena mu nama izabera i Kigali. Risobanura ko mu byo icyo kigega gishinzwe harimo ibigega by’imigabane ku ishoramari mu Rwanda. Ni muri urwo rwego Leta y’u Rwanda, ibinyujije muri Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi, yashyizeho ikigo cy’ishoramari ry’umwuga cyitwa Rwanda National Investment Trust Ltd (RNIT Ltd) ari nacyo cyahawe inshingano zo gushinga Iterambere Fund. Icyo kigo gishinzwe guteza imbere no gucunga ibigega (funds), harimo n’ibigega by’imigabane ku ishoramari (unit trusts), hagamijwe kwongera ikusanywa ry’amafaranga y’imbere mu gihugu.
Amwe mu mafaranga ya Iterambere Fund azashorwa mu migabane MINECOFIN ivuga ko Ishyirwaho ry’icyo kigega rijyanye n’intego ya Leta y’u Rwanda yo kwimakaza umuco wo kwizigamira, no gufasha abaturage kugera ku isoko ry’imari n’imigabane mu rwego rw’ishoramari. Iri shyirwaho rya RNIT Ltd kandi rigamije iterambere mu bukungu no kugeza servisi z’imari ku Banyarwanda bose. Ikigega cy’umugabane ku ishoramari (unit trust) n’iki?
Ni kimwe mu bwoko bw’ibigega by’ishoramari ry’abishyize hamwe (collective investment scheme), gikusanya amafaranga aturutse mu bashoramari batandukanye (abaturage uhereye ku bafite ubushobozi bucye, amakoperative, ibigo...). Amafaranga akusanyijwe acungwa n’abanyamwuga mu ishoramari (Professional Fund Manager), bakanayashora mu bicuruzwa bitandukanye byo ku isoko ry’imari n’imigabane. Bimwe muri ibi bicuruzwa twavuga ni nk’impapuro mvunjwafaranga, imigabane n’ibindi bicuruzwa byo mu mabanki.
Abanyamigabane/abanyabicefatizo (Unit holders) ni bo banyir’ ikigega. Ubu ni uburyo bwiza, ku muntu ku giti cye, bwo kwiha intego zifatika zo kwizigamira anashora imari, maze bikamufasha kugera ku bukire, bitewe n’uko amafaranga make make agiye ashorwa mu gihe kirekire abyara inyungu. RNIT Ltd, nk’ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere no gucunga ibigega, igiye gutangiza ikigega cya mbere kitwa RNIT ITERAMBERE FUND, ishingiye ku itegeko No 40/2011 ryo kuwa 20 nzeli 2011. Bimwe mu bizaranga icyo kigega, akaba ari ni ikigega cyemerera ababyifuza bose kugura cyangwa kugurisha imigabane/ibice fatizo igihe cyose babishatse hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’inyandiko igenga imikorere y’ikigega (open-ended fund). Buri gice fatizo (unit) kizagurishwa RWF100 mu gihe cya mbere ariko amafaranga macye umuntu ashobora gushyira mu Kigega ni RWF2,000; ikigega cy’umugabane ku ishoramari ni uburyo bwizewe bubereye abantu ku giti cyabo, baba abatuye mu Rwanda cyangwa abatuye mu mahanga (diaspora), kimwe n’abaturage b’ibihugu bya East African Community cyangwa se ibigo byo mu Rwanda ndetse n’ibyo hanze yarwo (Iby’ubwiteganyirize, ubwishingizi, amasosiyete, ibigo byigenga n’ibya Leta......). Umuntu yemerewe kuba yajya ashyira mu Kigega amafaranga make make igihe cyose abishatse (nibura 2,000 Frw) (Systematic investment Plan/SIP). Urugero: Abakozi bashobora guha uburengenzira abakoresha babo cyangwa banki zicishwamo imishahara yabo, maze amafaranga macye macye akajya akurwa ku mushahara wabo mu rwego rwo kwizigamira no gushora imari mu kigega. Amafaranga azakusanywa azashorwa mu bicuruzwa byo ku isoko ry’imari n’imigabane ndetse no mu mabanki. Uko Imigabane igurwa muri icyo kigega
MINECOFIN ivuga ko Igihe hazaba hatangajwe ko ikigega gitangiye gukora (kuri radio, mu binyamakuru...), abantu ku giti cyabo/koperative/sosiyete bazagura ibice fatizo/imigabane ku giciro cy’igura rya mbere (Initial Public Offer/IPO). Bazajya buzuza inyandiko zabigenewe (forms/formulaires) muri za bank, cyangwa microfinance, cyangwa se ku bahuza bo ku isoko ry’imari n’imigabane (brokers). Icyakora Amafaranga yose akusanywa nta na rimwe yakirwa n’umuntu ku giti cye, ahubwo ashyirwa kuri konti y’ikigega muri banki cyangwa ibigo by’imari (microfinance), hanyuma agahambwa icyemezo cya banki ko iyo banki yakiriye amafaranga ye (bordereau). Abazagura imigabane/ibice fatizo (units) mu gihe cy’igurisha rya kabiri, bazayigurira ku giciro cyizaba cyiriho muri icyo gihe (Net Asset Value).
. Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/ambasade-y-u-buyapani-mu-rwanda-yatangaje-ko-itazigera | Ambasade y’u Buyapani mu Rwanda yatangaje ko itazigera itezuka mu gufasha imishinga y’iterambere | Ambasade y’u Buyapani mu Rwanda yatangaje ko itazigera itezuka mu gukomeza guteza imbere imishinga y’iterambere mu Rwanda hagamijwe kurandura ubukene, Abanyarwanda bagakomeza kuba intangarugero mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari no ku isi muri rusange.
Nyuma yo gutaha iyi nyubako, hafashwe ifoto y’urwibutso Guverinoma y’u Buyapani ifasha u Rwanda ibicishije mu ishami rya Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’amahanga y’iki gihugu (Development Assistance/ODA) ritanga ubufasha bwo kuzamura ubukungu n’iterambere mu bihugu 185 ku isi. Ambasade y’u Buyapani yizera ko iterambere ry’ubukungu mu Rwanda rizatanga umusaruro ufatika mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari ari nay o mpamvu guhera mu mwaka wa 2004 ibihugu byombyi byemeranyije gufatanya muri gahunda zagutse zirimo n’icyiciro cya kabiri cya gahunda y’imbaturabukungu (DPRS II), n’Icyerekezo 2020. Ubwo hatahwaga inzu mberabyombi Umuryango AVEGA Agahozo wubakiwe n’iyi Ambasade mu murenge wa Busanza Akarere ka Kicukiro kuri uyu wa mbere, Umuhuzabikorwa w’Ambasade y’u Buyapani mu Rwanda Sakamoto Tomio yavuze ko u Buyapani kizakomeza guteza imbere imishinga y’iterambere cyibanda mu gufasha abarokotse Jenoside kugira ngo badahera mu bwigunge. Sakamoto Tomio yagize ati “Turanezerewe cyane kuba iki cyumba cyuzuye, ndizera ko kizafasha abagore bafite ubumuga mu mirimo itandukanye bazakoreramo, ibyo bizabafasha kudakomeza guheranwa n’agahinda binabafashe kwiyumva mu muryango nyarwanda. Leta y’u Buyapani izakomeza gutera inkunga imishinga y’iterambere mu Rwanda nk’uburezi, amazi n’isuku ndetse no kurandura ubukene mu banyarwanda.”
Mukabayire Valerie Umuyobozi wa AVEGA Agahozo na Sakamoto Tomio bafungura inzu mberabyombi
Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/muhanga-mutsindashyaka-jean-damascene-afungiwe-kwiyita | Muhanga: Mutsindashyaka Jean Damascene Afungiwe kwiyita umupolisi akambura abantu | Polisi y’u Rwanda mu karere ka Muhanga ifungiye kuri Sitasiyo ya Nyamabuye umugabo witwa Mutsindashyaka Jean Damascene kubera ubwambuzi bushukana bw’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi 80, iki cyaha akaba yaragikoze yiyita Umupolisi w’u Rwanda.
Umuyobozi wa Polisi muri aka karere , Chief Inspector of Police (CIP) John Bosco Karega yavuze ko amakuru y’ubwo bwabuzi bushukana yatanzwe n’uwo yatse ayo mafaranga witwa Ingabire Claudine amubeshya ko azamushakira akazi mu mushinga w’uburobyi bw’amafi (Kivu Fishing Project), uyu mushinga ukaba ari baringa kubera ko utabaho mu karere ka Muhanga. CIP Karega yavuze ko Mutsindashyaka, ufite imyaka 28 y’amavuko, yafatiwe mu kagari ka Gahogo, ho mu murenge wa Nyamabuye ku itariki 25 Kamena ahagana saa tatu za mu gitondo. Asobanura uko yafashwe, CIP Karega yagize ati:"Ku munsi yafashweho, Mutsindashyaka yabwiye Ingabire ko ari umupolisi w’u Rwanda kandi ko aziranye n’abayobozi batandukanye bo mu karere ka Muhanga ku buryo ashobora kumushakira akazi muri uwo mushinga wa baringa. Ingabire yagize amakenga, maze abaza abandi niba koko uwo mushinga ubaho.Yaje kumenya ko utabaho, maze ahita abimenyesha Polisi y’u Rwanda." CIP Karega yongeyeho ko basatse mu nzu ya Mutsindashyaka maze basangamo ibyangombwa by’ibyiganano by’uwo mushinga utabaho, fotokopi esheshatu z’ibyemezo by’amashuri by’abantu batandukanye n’amafoto magufi ane ya bamwe muri bo. Mu butumwa bwe, CIP Karega yagize ati:" Umupolisi w’u Rwanda agira ibimuranga birimo ikarita y’akazi n’impuzankano. Ikindi kandi Polisi y’u Rwanda ntishakira abantu imirimo. Abantu bakwiye kuba maso kuko abatekamutwe nk’aba barahari. Uzababona cyangwa akamenya amakuru y’ibikorwa nk’ibi by’ubwambuzi bushukana azabimenyeshe Polisi y’u Rwanda n’inzego zibishinzwe." Nahamwa n’icyaha, Mutsindashyaka azahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka itatu (3) kugeza ku myaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 318 yo mu gitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda.
Mutsindashyaka Jean Damascene wiyita Umupolisi w’u Rwanda. Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw
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2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/nyagatare-umukozi-wo-mu-kigo-nderabuzima-afunzwe-akekwaho | Nyagatare: Umukozi wo mu kigo nderabuzima afunzwe akekwaho gukoresha amafaranga y’amiganano | Polisi y’u Rwanda ikorera mu karere ka Nyagatare, yafashe umugabo witwa Nsengiyumva Jean Claude w’imyaka 28, akekwaho gukoresha amafaranga y’amakorano. Polisi ikorera muri aka karere ivuga ko uyu Nsengiyumva usanzwe ari umukozi mu isuzumiro ryo mu kigo nderabuzima cya Karangazi yafashwe nyuma y’aho aje kubitsa amafaranga k’umukozi utanga serivisi za Mobile Money ukorera mu kagari ka Rwisirabo, umurenge wa Karangazi. Umuvugizi wa Polisi mu ntara y’intara y’iBurasirazuba Inspector of Police (IP) Emmanuel Kayigi yagize ati:”Uyu Nsengiyumva yaje mu masaha y’ijoro kubitsa amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo itatu by’amafaranga y’u Rwanda( 30.000 Frw) k’umukozi utanga izi serivisi, amaze kuyafata agira amakenga kuko yumvaga ataremereye nk’amafaranga asanzwe, abaza Nsengiyumva ati:”ko numva ataremereye?. Nawe aramusubiza ati:” niko nanjye nayumvise”. Ariko kubera ko hatabonaga neza arayabika nyuma y’akanya gato ajya ku itara arebye neza asanga ni amakorano. Kuko yari azi uwayamuhaye yahise ahamagara Polisi ayibwira ko Nsengiyumva yamuhaye amafaranga y’amakorano, nibwo twahise tujya kumufata.” Ip Kayigi yakomeje avuga ko bageze iwe bamusatse bamusangana andi mafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20,000Frw) nayo y’amakorano. IP Kayigi yagize ati:”Tugeze iwe twarahasatse dusanga andi mafaranga y’amakorano ibihumbi makumyabiri (20,000Frw) nayo y’amakorano munsi y’uburiri aryamaho, atubwira ko ariho asanzwe abika amafaranga ye yose, bigaragara ko yari yagize ubwoba bw’ibyo yari amaze gukora.” Nsengiyumva avuga ko aya mafaranga atari azi ko ari amakorano, kuko ngo nawe ari mugenzi we utuye mu mujyi wa Kigali wari wayamwishyuye kuko yari amubereyemo umwenda w’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi mirongo itanu (50, 000Frw). IP Kayigi yashimiye uyu mukozi utanga izi serivisi z’itumanaho, anagira inama bagenzi be ko buri gihe bajya buzuza imyirondoro y’abaje kuzisaba kugirango mu gihe habaye ibyaha nk’ibi byoroshye ifatwa ry’ababikoze, no kujya bashishoza mu gihe cyo kubikira no kubikuriza umukiriya amafaranga, kandi bakareba umubare w’amafaranga basigaranye kuri konti zabo za Mobile Money n’izindi serivisi nka Money mbere y’uko ahava kugira ngo mu gihe hari ubibye cyangwa ushaka kubikora afatwe atararenga umutaru. Yagize ati:"Bene abo bajura bereka abatanga bene ziriya serivisi ko bihuta kandi ko nibatinda bajya kuyisaba abandi bari hafi yabo, maze kubera kwanga ko uwo mukiriya ajya ahandi bakamuha serivisi vuba vuba batabanje gushishoza, rimwe na rimwe ntibandike imyirondoro yabo, ari nayo ntandaro yo kwibwa". IP Kayigi yavuze ko Nsengiyumva afungiwe kuri sitasiyo ya Polisi y’u Rwanda ya Karangazi mu gihe iperereza rikomeje. Nsengiyumva aramutse ahamwe n’icyaha yahanishwa ingingo ya 604 yo mu gitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda ivuga ko umuntu wese uhimba, ukoresha cyangwa ukwirakwiza mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose ibintu byose byakwitiranywa n’amafaranga cyangwa izindi mpapuro zivunjwamo amafaranga, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka ibiri (2) kugeza ku myaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda yikubye inshuro kuva kuri ebyiri (2) kugeza ku icumi (10) z’agaciro k’amafaranga y’amahimbano.
Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/inama-y-ubucuruzi-ya-afurika-y-uburasirazuba-eabc-yasabye | Inama y’Ubucuruzi ya Afurika y’Uburasirazuba (EABC) yasabye Kenya kwishyura abacuruzi bo mu Rwanda | Inama y’Ubucuruzi ya Afurika y’Uburasirazuba (EABC) yasabye Kenya kwishyura abacuruzi bo mu Rwanda na Uganda bahombye imari y’amadorali asaga miliyoni 47 mu mvururu zakurikiye amatora ya 2008.
Icyo gihe ikamyo zikoreye ibicuruzwa z’abo bacuruzi 16 zangijwe n’insoresore mu muhanda w’Umuhora wa Ruguru (Nairobi-Eldoret-Kampala). Bamaze imyaka umunani bishyuza Leta ya Kenya binyuze muri dipolomasi ari yo isa nk’iyatereye agate mu ryinyo. Ku wa Kabiri, abagize EABC bagiye kureba Perezida Wungirije William Ruto ahitwa Karen mu mujyi wa Nairobi, bamubaza amakuru ku iyishyurwa ry’abo bacuruzi. Umuyobozi wa EABC, Lilian Awinja yabwiye Ruto ati” Dushaka kumenya aho mugeze mwishyura abacuruzi b’Abanyarwanda n’Abanya-Uganda bahombye ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro ka $47, 557 081 mu mvururu zo muri 2007/2008 zakurikiye amatora rusange. Yibukije Leta ya Kenya ko ifite inshingano zo gusigasira amahoro n’umutekano mu mihanda yo mu Muhora wa Ruguru, cyane cyane mu matora yo mu 2017, kuko inyuramo ibicuruzwa bijya mu gihugu bitandukanye birimo Uganda, u Rwanda, RD Congo na Sudani y’Epfo.Ati” Umuhora wa Ruguru ufite akamaro gakomeye mu kwikorera ibicuruzwa biva ku cyambu cya Mombasa bijya i Kigali, Kampala, Sudani y’Epfo na Congo. Mukwiye kuhabungabunga umutekano kuko ari urufunguzo rw’urujya n’uruza rw’abantu n’ibicuruzwa mu karere.” Daily News (Tz) ivuga ko Perezida Wungirije wa Kenya, William Ruto yahise ategeka Umunyamabanga wa Leta Ushinzwe Imari, Henry Rotich, gutumiza inama n’abacuruzi bo mu karere bahuriye muri EABC bagakemura icyo kibazo burundu. Ruto aysabye ko iyo nama izanitabirwa n’Umunyamabanga wa Leta Ushinzwe umutekano w’imbere, Maj. Gen. Joseph Ole Nkaissery, Umukuru w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’abandi bayobozi bakuru bagakemura icyo kibazo kimaze imyaka umunani mu nzira. Yijeje kandi ko Leta ya Kenya izacungira hafi umutekano w’abacuruzi n’ibyabo mu matora ya 2017 na nyuma yaho. Imvururu za Politiki zatangiye muri Kenya ubwo hatangazwaga ko Perezida Kibaki ari we watsinze amatora yo ku wa 27 Ukuboza 2007, icyo gihe uwo bari bahanganye, Raila Odinga yahise atangaza ko habayeho kunyereza amajwi. Hakurikiyeho urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorwaga n’insoresore z’abarwanashyaka bashyigikiye Odinga na Kibaki, bivugwa ko hapfuye abantu basaga 1300 naho ababarirwa mu 600 000 bagahunga.
Umuyobozi wa EABC, Lilian Awinja
Yanditswe na Eddie Mwerekande/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/polisi-y-u-rwanda-yashyikirije-umwongereza-mudasobwa-n | Polisi y’u Rwanda yashyikirije Umwongereza mudasobwa n’ibindi bintu bye byari byibwe | Ku itariki 23 Kamena, Polisi y’u Rwanda yafashe kandi ishyikiriza Simon Yung mudasobwa n’ibindi bintu yari yibwe birimo telefone, Bibiliya,umugozi wifashishwa mu gushyira umuriro muri telefone, n’agatabo kandikwamo ibintu binyuranye (Agenda). Yung ufite ubwenegihugu bw’Ubwongereza yibiwe mu murenge wa Remera, ho mu karere ka Gasabo ku ya 20 Kamena ahagana saa mbiri z’ijoro. Ibyo bintu bye yabishyikirijwe n’Umuyobozi wa Polisi mu Mujyi wa Kigali, Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP) Felly Rutagerura Bahizi, icyo gikorwa kikaba cyarabereye ku cyicaro gikuru cya Polisi y’u Rwanda mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Ubwo Yung umaze ukwezi n’igice mu Rwanda yari amaze gushyikirizwa ibintu bye yagize ati,"Nkimara kwibwa nahise mbimenyesha Polisi. Yanyijeje ko ibintu byanjye izabifata none imvugo ibaye ingiro; yabifashe ndetse irabinshikirije." Yung yakomeje agira ati,"Ndabashimira cyane ku gikorwa mwankoreye.Nashimishijwe n’ukuntu mukurikirana ikibazo mugejejweho kugeza gikemutse. Ibyo byerekana ko mukora kinyamwuga. Imana ikomeze guha umugisha iki gihugu n’abagituye." Asobanura uko Yung yibwe, ACP Bahizi yagize ati," Uwitwa Niyomugabo Simon, ubana n’ubumuga bwo kutagenda neza, yamwisitajeho aho yari yicaye ndetse agusha nkana imbago ye. Ubwo Yung yari yunamye ahugiye mu kuyimutoragurira ndetse anamukomeza nk’umuntu wari ugize ikibazo, abandi bari bafatanyije umugambi wo kumwiba bahise bafata igikapu cye cyarimo mudasobwa na biriya bintu bindi barabijyana." ACP Bahizi yakomeje agira ati,"Akimara kubura ibintu bye, Yung yahise ajya gutanga ikirego kuri sitasiyo ya Polisi y’u Rwanda ya Remera. Iyo mudasobwa yafatanywe umuntu wo mu Mujyi w’akarere ka Rubavu wari wayiguze; naho ibyo bintu bindi bikaba byarafatanywe Niyomugabo." Yongeyeho ko hafashwe kandi abandi bagabo babiri bakekwa kugira uruhare muri ubwo bujura, abo akaba ari:Ruzindana Augustin na Ndababonye Olivier. Aba uko ari batatu bafungiwe kuri sitasiyo ya Polisi y’u Rwanda ya Remera mu gihe iperereza rikomeje. Amaze kumushyikiriza ibintu bye, ACP Bahizi yabwiye Yung ati,"Wakoze neza kumenyesha Polisi y’u Rwanda ukimara kwibwa. Byatumye ibintu byawe bifatwa vuba. Mu Mujyi wa Kigali ndetse no mu Rwanda muri rusange hari umutekano. Aho uri hose ujye wumva ko utekanye." Ingingo ya 300 yo mu gitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda ivuga ko umuntu wese ukora ubujura budakoreshejwe kiboko cyangwa ibikangisho ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi atandatu (6) kugeza ku myaka ibiri (2) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda yikubye inshuro kuva kuri ebyiri (2) kugeza kuri eshanu (5) z’agaciro k’icyibwe cyangwa kimwe gusa muri ibyo bihano. Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw
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2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/nyamasheke-abacuruzi-bamaze-imyaka-ine-mu-gihombo-gikomeye | Nyamasheke: Abacuruzi bamaze imyaka ine mu gihombo gikomeye batewe n’akarere kabo, | Abacuruzi barenga bacururizaga muri santere y’ubucuruzi ya Peru mu murenge wa Macuba na santere z’ubucuruzi za Rurembo, Mizero na Tyazo mu murenge wa Karambi, mu karere ka Nyamasheke baravuga ko bamaze imyaka ine mu gihombo gikomeye batewe n’akarere kabo, kabahagarikiye inzu z’ubucuruzi ntikanabishyure. Iki kibazo, abacuruzi bavuga ko cyatangiye muri 2012, ubwo uwari Minisitiri w’Intebe icyo gihe Dr Pierre Damien Habumuremyi yagendereraga aka karere akavuga ko hari umuhanda ugiye gukorwa. Uwo muhanda wa Hanika- Cyivugiza wagombaga kugera ahari kubakwa uruganda rw’icyayi rwa COTHEGA mu murenge wa Karambi, uciye muri aya masanteri y’ubucuruzi. Wagombaga gukorwa neza ugatsindagirwa kugira ngo uvane abaturage mu bwigunge. Mbere yo gukora uwo muhanda ni bwo hafunzwe igice kimwe cy’inzu z’ubucuruzi zibarizwa mu Isantere ya Peru n’andi yo muri ayo masanteri yandi. Icyo gihe ngo abakoreraga muri izo nzu zose babategetse kuvamo, ariko ba nyirinzu ntibabarirwa ingurane. Mu gukora uyu muhanda, iyi santeri yo barayisimbutse, bakora hirya no hino yayo, ba nyirinzu bakomeza guhera mu gihirahiro, no mu yandi masanteri inzu zirafungwa. Nshimiyimana Jean de Dieu wo mu kagari ka Kabuga, yagize ati “ Kumara imyaka 4 inzu y’ubucuruzi ifunze, izindi zirimo amashanyarazi, izacu ntayarimo, ntibatubarira ngo batwishyure, bamaze kutwirukanira abadukodesherezaga. Iki gihombo kizabazwa nde? None se tuzakomeza kurekera aho duceceke twarashoye amafaranga yacu ko tubaza ubuyobozi bw’imirenge yacu n’ubw’akarere ngo bugikemure bugakomeza kuturerega.” Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’aka karere Habiyaremye Pierre Céléstin avuga ko ntawababujije gukora, ko babaye bahatarutse, nibabona amafaranga bashobora no kuzimura abacuruzi benshi ariko mu gihe batarayabona akaba yumva bari gukomeza gukora.
Bababazwa n’uko izindi nzu zikora, izabo zifunze Yagize ati “Ni uruhe rwego rwababujije gukora? Niba runahari si urw’akarere kuko izo nzu ntabwo ntitwigeze tuzihagarika ngo ntizikorerwemo, ahubwo kuko bazi neza na bo ubwabo ko bakorera mu muhanda bakumva icyaba cyose bakwimurwa ni yo mpamvu bavuga ko babujijwe gukora.” Aba bacuruzi ntibavuga rumwe n’akarere bati “nta muntu wareka gukora ngo ahagarare ntawe umuhagaritse, abure gushyiramo amashanyarazi nta wamubujije.”
Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’aka karere Habiyaremye Pierre Céléstin
Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/abagabo-2-bafunzwe-bakekwaho-ubwambuzi-bushukana-biyita | Abagabo 2 bafunzwe bakekwaho ubwambuzi bushukana biyita abakomisiyoneri ba Polisi | Ngirabakunzi Seleman na Mbarushimana Jean Baptiste ngo bamaze imyaka ibiri bakora akazi k’ubukomisiyoneri, aho begera abafite ibinyabiziga bifite ibyo bisabwa n’ikigo gipima ubuziranenge bw’imodoka (Mechanical Inspection Center) ngo bihabwe ibyangombwa byerekana ko byujuje ubuziranenge, maze bakabaca amafaranga babumvisha ko baziranye n’abapolisi bakora muri iki kigo bityo bari bubasabe bakaborohereza. Ngirabakunzi agira ati:”Mbimazemo imyaka ibiri, hari n’abandi bagabo babiri dukorana, imodoka nto baduha amafranga 20,000 naho ku modoka nini nka fuso bakaduha amafranga 30,000. Maze gushuka abarenga 40 mu myaka ibiri ishize mbikora. nyir’imodoka cyangwa umushoferi amara kuyampa nkihamagaza kuri telefone mubeshya ko mvuganye n’umupolisi ukorera kuri controle technique ko agenda akamufasha.” Yakomeje agira ati:”Iyo uwampaye amafranga agezeyo ntahabwe servisi nari namusezeranyije ahita ampamagara nkanga kumwitaba. Ni muri ubwo buryo abantu bagenda babwirana ko twabatekeye umutwe.” Chief Superintendent of Police (CSP) Emmanuel Karinda uyobora iki kigo cya Polisi kizwi nka Controle Technique, yasabye ba nyir’imodoka gukurikirana ubuziranenge bw’ibinyabiziga byabo kandi byaba byiza biyiziye kubikoresha igenzura kuko bakunze kubeshywa n’abo baba bohereje. Aha CSP Karinda yagize ati:”Dukora kuva kuwa mbere kugeza kuwa gatandatu, duhera saa kumi n’imwe z’igitondo tugafunga saa kumi n’ebyiri z’umugoroba. Gusuzuma imodoka imwe ntibirenza iminota itanu, bityo abantu bakwiye kumenya ko isuzuma ryihuta kandi uhageze wese arabyibonera. Ababeshya ba nyir’imodoka ko bigoye, baba bafite ibindi bagambiriye, ni naho bahera bababwira ko hari amafaranga asabwa ngo boroherezwe.” Yakomeje agira ati:”Turagenda dufata abiyita ba komisiyoneri babeshya ko bahuza ba nyir’imodoka n’abapolisi bakorera hano. Kuva uyu mwaka wa 2016 watangira, tumaze gufata 25 tubifashijwemo n’amakuru duhabwa n’abo bahemukira n’abandi baturage b’inyangamugayo.” Ikigo gipima ubuziranenge bw’imodoka (MIC) , gifite ubushobozi bwo gukora isuzuma ry’imodoka 500 ku munsi , rikorerwa ku mirongo itatu ihari kugeza ubu, ariko mu mpera za Nzeli uyu mwaka, hakazaba hatahwa indi mirongo ibiri mishya, izatuma ikigo kibasha gusuzuma imodoka 700 ku munsi. CSP Karinda yagize ati:”Mu mwaka wa 2015, umubare w’imodoka twasuzumye wiyongereyeho 27% kuko zavuye ku 75,839 umwaka wawubanjirije zigera ku 96,283.
Mu mezi abiri ya mbere ya 2016 hasuzumwe imodoka zigera ku 17094, ku buryo twizera ko umwaka uzarangira dusuzumye imodoka zirenga iz’umwaka ushize cyane ko n’inyubako zo kwagura ikigo zizaba zararangiye .” Abafatiwe mu cyaha cy’ubwambuzi bushukana nibibahama bazahanwa n’ingingo ya 318 y’igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda ivuga ko umuntu wese, abigiriye kwambura ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cy’undi, agatuma bakimuha ari uko akoresheje amayeri y’ubwambuzi, wiyitirira amazina atari yo cyangwa imirimo adafitiye ububasha cyangwa agira ngo yizeze icyiza cyangwa atinyishe ko hari ikizaba kibi maze akambura undi imari ye yose cyangwa igice cyayo, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka itatu (3) kugeza ku myaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000).
Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/ingengo-y-imari-mu-burezi-yongewemo-asaga-milliyoni-6 | Ingengo y’Imari mu burezi yongewemo asaga milliyoni 6 zizajya ku mishahara y’Abarimu | Igenamigambi ku ngengo y’Imari izagenerwa Minisiteri y’Uburezi igaragaza ko amafaranga azashyirwa mu turere twose mu mafaranga y’mishahara y’abarimu ari miliyari 88 avuye kuri miliyari 82 yari yashyizwemo muri 2015-2016, naho azashyirwa muri gahunda yo kugaburira abana ku ishuri yavuye kuri miliyari enye agera kuri miliyari umunani.
Iri genamigambi rigaragaza amafaranga yari yashyizwe mu nzego z’uburezi nka MINEDUC n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo barimo uturere mu mwaka wa 2015-2016 n’azashyirwamo muri 2016-2017. Amafaranga yagenewe imishahara y’abarimu yavuye kuri 82 640 954 481 Frw yari yashyizwemo mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2015-2016 agera kuri 88 948 564 936 Frw mu mwaka wa 2016-2017. Mu minsi ishize hakunze kumvikana ibibazo muri gahunda yo kugaburira abana ku ishuri aho bamwe bavugaga ko bamwe mu banyeshuri babuzwa kwiga kuko batatanze amafaranga y’iri funguro bafatira ku ishuri. Amafaranga yashyizwe muri iyi gahunda yikubye kabiri ugereranyije n’ayari yashyizwemo mu mwaka wa 2015-2016 kuko yari 4 678 612 538 Frw ubu akaba yarabaye 8 111 386 625 Frw. Indi gahunda igaragaramo impinduka, ni ukubaka ibyumba by’amashuri, aho yagabanutseho miliyari zikabakaba eshanu kuko yavuye kuri 9 066 600 000 Frw ubu ikaba yarashyizwemo 4 500 000 000 Frw. Minisiteri y’Uburezi yagaragaje ko umubare w’abantu bakuru bitabira amasomo yo gusoma, kubara no kwandika uri kugenda ugabanuka kuko wavuye kuri 112 656 muri 2014-2015 ukagera kuri 95 829 muri 2015-2016. Iyi gahunda yo kwigisha abakuru gusoma, kubara no kwandika na yo yongerewe umubare w’amafaranga aho yavuye kuri 188 878 032 Frw muri 2015-2016 akaba yarabaye 285 022 529 Frw. Mu ngengo y’imari ya 2015-2016, gahunda yo kubaka ibyumba by’amashuri yari yashyizwemo 9 066 600 000 Frw, mu gihe mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2016-2017 byagenewe 4 500 000 000 Frw. Minisitiri w’Uburezi, Dr Musafili Malimba Papias avuga ko iyi gahunda (yagabanyirijwe amafaranga) iri mu zizibandwaho mu zigomba gushyirwa imbere muri uyu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2016-2017. Dr Papias ati “ Ibizibandwaho ni byinshi amikoro akaba macye ariko bisaba guhitamo, birumvikana kugira ngo dukomeze kuzamura ireme ry’uburezi tugomba gushyiraho ibikorwa remezo, nko kubaka amashuri dusimbura ashaje…” Minisitiri yavuze ko ibikorwa bizibandwaho bizagerwaho hitabajwe abafatanyabikorwa barimo amadini kugira ngo bubake ibyumba by’amashuri nk’uko basanzwe babikora.
Minisitiri w’Uburezi, Dr Musafili Malimba Papias/Photo:Archive Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/u-rwanda-rwungutse-amakamyo-200-rukiyakuriraho-imisoro | U Rwanda rwungutse amakamyo 200 rukiyakuriraho imisoro | Ishyirahamwe ry’abafite amakamyo mu Rwanda ryatangaje ko nyuma yo gukurirwaho imisoro ryahise ritumiza amakamyo 200 yiyongera ku yo bari basanzwe bakoresha. Umuyobozi w’iri shyirahamwe Mazimpaka Muhammad yatangaje ko nyuma y’uko Leta ikuyeho imisoro kugera kuri 0% ku makamyo yikorera hejuru ya Toni 20, bahise batumiza amakamyo 200, ubu ari mu bukiko bw’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga (MAGERWA). Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi yatangaje ko guhera mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2016/17 imodoka zitwara ibisukika zizajya zisoreshwa ku gipimo cya 0% mu gihe zakabaye zisoreshwa ku 10%. Imodoka zikoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu birenze toni 20 zizajya zisoreshwa ku gipimo cya 0% mu gihe zakabaye zisoreshwa kuri 25%. Mazimpaka yagize ati “Koroherezwa ku misoro no kwemererwa na Leta ko amakamyo atwarirwa ibumoso yinjira, kuri twe ni akazi gashya twungutse.” Yakomeje avuga ko bafite icyizere ko umubare w’amakamyo uziyongera mu Rwanda, cyane ko amafaranga bishyuraga yagabanyutse mu buryo bufatika. Yakomeje avuga ko ibi bitanga icyizere ko bagiye guhangana ku isoko rya Afurika y’Uburasirazuba. Ati “Biradusaba nibura kuba dufite ikamyo 3000 kugira ngo tubashe kwinjira ku isoko ry’ipiganwa rya Tanzaniya na Kenya bimazemo iminsi.” Asanga ubwo buryo bwo kuborohereza ari intambwe batejwe mu rwego rw’ubwikorezi, asaba ko Leta yakomeza kuborohereza kuko bagurira Mazutu nyinshi muri Tanzaniya cyane kuruta iyo bagurira mu gihugu. Tuzinde Narcisse Umuyobozi w’ishyirahamwe ry’abashoferi b’amakamyo ACPRIRWA, yavuze ko kuba amakamyo apakira hejuru ya Toni 20 yarakuriweho imisoro babifitemo inyungu. Ati “Ni ibintu bishimishije kuko iyo umukoresha yungutse, abashoferi tubigiramo inyungu kuko tunongezwa umushahara.” Ba nyir’amakamyo ndetse n’abayatwara batangaje ko igikwiye kurebwa ari amagaraje ashoboye kujya akoreshwamo aya makamyo yahawe rugari ku isoko ryo mu Rwanda.
Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/u-rwanda-rwasinyiye-inguzanyo-ya-miliyari-15-izashyirwa-mu | U Rwanda rwasinyiye inguzanyo ya miliyari 15 izashyirwa mu burezi | Banki y’Isi yasinyanye na Leta y’u Rwanda amasezerano y’inguzanyo ya miliyoni 20 z’amadolari ya Amerika angana na miliyari zirenga 15 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, biteganyijwe ko azifashishwa mu kuzamura uburezi bw’u Rwanda. Aya masezerano yasinywe hagati y’Umuyobozi wa Banki y’Isi mu Rwanda Yasser El- Gammal, na Minisitiri w’Imari n’igenamigambi Amb Claver Gatete; aya mafaranga yitezwehoho kongerera ubushobozi ibigo bine by’iyitegererezo mu mashuri makuru na kaminuza mu Rwanda. Minisitiri Gatete yabwiye abanyamakuru ko Leta y’u Rwanda ishimira Banki y’Isi byimazeyo cyane ko isanzwe ari umufatanyabikorwa mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo inganda,imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’izindi. Yakomeje avuga ko iyi nguzanyo izishyurwa mu gihe cy’imyaka 38 igiye guhindura byinshi mu kongerera uvumenyi abana b’u Rwanda, ati “Ni inguzanyo ije kongera ubumenyi abana b’Abnyarwanda binyuze mu kubafasha kubona ubushobozi bwo kurushaho kunoza ubushakashatsi ndetse no guhanga udushya.” Gahunda yo gufasha ibigo by’icyitegereerrzo birimo ibyigisha ikorabuhanga, ingufu, imibare na siyansi ni umushinga uzagera no ku bandi bagenerwabikorwa ba bimwe mu bihugu by’akarere hagamijwe gushyigikira no guteza imbere ubumenyi mu baturage nab o bakongera umusaruro. Yasser Gammar yongeyeho ko atati ubwa mbere Banki y’Isi igurije u Rwanda kandi ko ari umufatanyabikorwa mwiza, anashimangira ko gutera inkunga ubumenyi mu bantu ari umusingi wa byose. Ati “ Ubumenyi abana b’Abanyarwanda bagiye kunguka bazafasha kongera umusaruro ufatika, kuko hari benshi bari basanzwe bajya gushaka ubwo bumenyi hanze y’igihugu.” Iyo nguzanyo u Rwanda rwakiriye ni icyiciro cya miliyoni zisaga 140 Banki y’Isi iherutse kwera gutanga mu burasirazuba n’Amajyepfo ya Afurika guhera ku wa 9 Kamena 2016. Hari n’ibindi bihugu birindwi bizabona kuri ayo mafaranga nka Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzaniya, Uganda na Zambia.
Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw |
5history
| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/kwibuka26-tariki-8-mata-1994-perezida-kagame-yatangije | Kwibuka26 : Tariki 8 Mata 1994, Perezida Kagame yatangije urugamba rwo guhagarika Jenoside | Muri uyu mwaka wa 2020 Abanyarwanda baribuka ku nshuro ya 26 Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Tariki ya 8 Mata 1994, ubwicanyi bwarakomeje mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu, ku rundi ruhande ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi nazo zakomeje urugamba zigamije guhagarika Jenoside . Kuri iyi tariki, Maj. Gen. Paul Kagame Paul wari Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi, yatangaje ko atangije intambara kuri Leta yakoraga Jenoside kuko bitari bigishoboka kubahiriza amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha. Ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi zatangije urugamba mu Mujyi wa Kigali, ziyemeza guhagarika Jenoside mu maguru mashya. Ingabo APR zubuye imirwano mu duce twa Byumba na Ruhengeri kugira ngo zihagarike Jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi. Mu Karere ka Nyaruguru Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Mata barishwe bose. Uwo munsi Abatutsi bageragezaga guhungira mu cyahoze ari Zaïre , Interahamwe zarabatangiraga, zikabakusanyiriza ahitwa Rusura, mu Murenge wa Bugeshi muri Gisenyi, zikabica. Abasirikare b’Abafaransa n’Ababiligi, batangiye igikorwa cyo gucyura abanyaburayi babaga mu Rwanda. Abafaransa bacyita “Opération Amarylis” naho Ababiligi bacyita “Silver Back.” Abatutsi bari bahungiye Mwiri ku musozi wa Nyawera (muri Kayonza) barishwe. Interahamwe n’abasirikare barindaga Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal bishe Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika yitiriwe Mutagatifu Karoli Lwanga no mu Kigo cy’Abafureri b’Abayozefiti i Nyamirambo. Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu Ishuri rya St André i Nyamirambo, barishwe. Kuva ku itariki ya 8, 14, 25 Mata 1994, Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Ruhuha, barishwe. Ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi bwatangiye muri Komini Rutsiro muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye. Ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi zageze i Kigali, Kagame Paul amenyesha MINUAR ko agiye kohereza umutwe w’ingabo gufatanya n’ingabo za Leta mu guhagarika ubwicanyi bwakorwaga n’abasirikare barindaga Perezida Habyarimana. Mu Kinigi, Koloneli Setako Ephrem yategetse Interahamwe kwica Abatutsi baho. Uwo munsi Ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi zarahageze zibasha kurokora bake bari basigaye bataricwa. Abatutsi bagera ku 5000 bari bahungiye ku Rusengero rw’Abadiventisiti rwa Cyambara mu Murenge wa Bigogwe muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rubavu. Hishwe Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu Bitaro bya Shyira muri Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyabihu. Hishwe Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku Rusengero rw’Abadiventisiti rwa Mudende muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rubavu. Hishwe Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku Rusengero rw’Abadiventisiti rwa Bweramana muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rubavu. Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku Rusengero rwa ADEPR Kabumba, Perefegitura ya Gisenyi barishwe. Abatutsi bari bahungiye muri Kaminuza y’Abadiventisiti ya Mudende muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi barishwe, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rubavu. Hishwe Abatutsi ku musozi wa Kesho muri Rubaya (Ngororero); Hishwe Abatutsi i Kavumu no mu nkengero zaho (mu yari Komini Ramba); Hishwe Abatutsi benshi muri Centre ya Gakenke; Hishwe Abatutsi i Bukeri (muri Komini Ndusu) ku mugezi wa Mukungwa ku gice kigana muri Vunga; Hishwe Abatutsi kuri Superefegitura ya Busengo.
Ruhumuriza Richard/MUHABURA.RW |
5history
| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/ese-kuri-ubu-mu-rwanda-haba-hari-abantu-bakiraguza | Ese kuri ubu mu Rwanda haba harabantu bakiraguza ? | Abanyarwanda iyo bajyaga gukora igikorwa icyo aricyo cyose, guhiga, ku rugamba, gukora ubukwe, cyangwa iyo bagiraga ikibazo kibakomereye; bagombaga kubiraguriza ,kugirango bamenye niba bizatungana cyangwa se niba bitazatungana birimo inzitizi, bakabamenyesha icyo bagomba gukora kugirango bizatungane aribyo bitaga guhabwa insinzi. Kuraguza rero byafatwaga mu gihe cya kera nko kubaza, gusesenguza cyangwa guhanuza ku bakurambere, kugirango umenye niba gahunda uteganya gukora nta nzitizi cyangwa se ibihato zizagira ukabasaba kugutsindira abanzi, kugutsindira abagome, kugutsindira abambuzi, no kugutsindire abajura muri izo gahunda zawe zose. Ese uwo muhango wakorwaga ute. Iyo wajyaga kuraguza wagombaga kujya kureba umupfumu wafatwaga nk’umuhanuzi,u kamugezaho gahunda zose uteganya, ubundi akakuragurira akoresheje inzuzi; zakwera ukaba ufite amahirwe muri gahunda zawe, zakwirabura ukaba nta mahirwe ufite muri izo gahunda ukaba wazireka, cyangwa se akagushakira insinzi yo kugirango izo gahunda zawe zizagende nk’uko ubyifuza. Mu Rwanda rero baragurizaga ibintu byinshi, birimo n’iyo bajyaga kugushinga imirimo bagombaga kujya kuguhanuriza (kukubariza), cyangwa se kubaza abakurambere kugirango barebe niba uwo murimo uri bu kwerere (bari busange ugukwiriye koko), cyangwa uri bukwiraburire (bari busange utawukwiye), bakabona kuwugushinga cyangwa bakawukwima kubera ibyo ndagu zabaga yerekanye. Muri byinshi baragurizaga rero harimo no gusaba umugeni. Iyo bajyaga gusaba umugeni; babanzaga kumuraguriza ngo barebe ko adafite amaraso y’indurwe (amaraso asama), bagahanuza ko uwo mugeni atazabazanira ubujyahabi n’ibindi. Mu kuraguriza umugeni; bajyanaga imbuto n’inkoko bakayuhira (Amacandwe y’umuhungu) bakayibwira bati: “Mana y’i Rwanda, ndahaguruka nkajya gusaba Nyiranaka mwene Naka, ntansame, sinzire uruhanga rwe, sinzire ko twararanye, sinyagwe n’amaherere; nusanga ntabizira, were “. Inkoko bakayibaga; iyo yirabuye cyane baramurekaga, n’iyo yeze cyane barayirekaga. Iyo yeze gato, bayikurikiza inzuzi n’ingimbu; byera byose, bakabona kumusaba. Ibi bikaba byerekana ko Abanyarwanda bitwararikaga muri byose, kandi batapfaga kugira icyo bakora batabanje kukiraguriza (Kubaza cyangwa guhanuza) kugirango bamenye ko kiri bugende neza, cyaba gifite inzitizi bakazishakira igisubizo gihamye aricyo bitaga insinzi . Denis Fabrice Nsengumuremyi /MUHABURA.RW |
5history
| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/isano-y-intambara-z-isi-n-inzara-za-rumanura-na-ruzagayura | Isano y’intambara z’Isi n’inzara za Rumanura na Ruzagayura mu Rwanda | Ingaruka z’intambara ya Mbere y’Isi yo mu 1914-1918 n’iya Kabiri yo mu 1939-1945 mu Rwanda ntizirondoreka, kuko uretse kwica abantu no kwangiza ibyabo, zanabasigiye akaga k’inzara nka Rumanura na Ruzagayura zanditse amateka akomeye. Mu Rwanda intambara ya mbere y’Isi yahamaze imyaka ibiri gusa kugeza mu 1916 nyuma y’uko Abadage birukanwe mu gihugu n’Ababiligi, icyo gihe yakurikiwe n’inzara ikomeye cyane yiswe Rumanura cyangwa se Rumanurimbaba yabaye hagati y’i 1916 n’i 1918. Nta gushidikanya ko iyi nzara ifitanye isano n’intambara ya mbere y’Isi kuko agace ka Gisenyi [Ubugoyi] kabereyemo iyi ntambara, ariko kabanje kwibasirwa kuko abaturage birukanwe mu byabo, bakaraswa, imyaka yabo n’intoke bigatemwa n’ibindi. Usibye Ubugoyi, Rumanura yayogoje n’Uburera [mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda], ibice bifatwa kuva kera kose nk’ibigega by’u Rwanda, ibyo byatumye igihugu cyose kibura ibyo kurya, inzara iranuma ari nako yisasira imbaga. Abapadiri bo kuri misiyoni ya Nyundo batangaje ko ku Nyundo honyine hapfiriye abantu barenga 25000, bishwe n’inzara. Hagati y’intambara ya Mbere n’iya Kabiri y’Isi, mu Rwanda hateye inzara nyinshi iyateye ubwoba cyane ni iyiswe Rwakayihura yabaye hagati y’i 1928 n’i 1930. Yatewe n’amapfa, yica abantu barenga 35000. Nyuma y’iyi nzara, ubuyobozi bw’Ababiligi bwatangiye gufata ingamba zo kurwanya inzara. Zimwe muri izo ngamba zirimo nko guhinga ku gahato imyumbati, ibijumba n’ibirayi. Iri hingishwa ku gahato niryo ryiswe “shiku”. Ababiligi bizeye ko izo zari gutuma nta nzara izongera gutera mu Rwanda. Ariko baje gutungurwa cyane ubwo inzara ya Ruzagayura yadukaga mu gihe cy’intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose. Inzara ya Ruzagayura yatangiye ahagana mu Kwakira 1943. Yatewe n’amapfa yamaze imyaka ibiri. Ayo mapfa yatangiye muri Nzeli 1942, yongera kubaho nyuma gato y’itumba ryo mu 1943. Ruzagayura yatewe kandi n’igabanyuka ry’ibiribwa ryaturutse ku ndwara y’ibirayi bita «mildiou/mildew», ndetse no ku ndwara y’ibishyimbo bita «chortophila» no ku ndwara y’ibijumba bita «rhizoctonia/rhizoctonie». Nkuko bigaragara, izo ndwara zibasiye ibiribwa by’ibanze by’Abanyarwanda b’icyo gihe. Yongerewe ubukana n’intambara ya kabiri y’Isi yose ndetse n’uko icyo gihe Abanyarwanda bagombaga guha umusanzu Leta nkoloni y’Ababiligi yari ihanganye n’ingabo za Adolf Hitler. Uwo musanzu wari ugizwe n’ibiribwa n’amatungo. Abanyarwanda batangaga inka, ibishyimbo, amasaka, amashaza byo kugaburira abasilikare b’abanyekongo ndetse n’abakozi bo mu birombe byo muri Congo. Usibye ibiribwa n’amatungo, umusanzu w’Abanyarwanda muri iyo ntambara wari ugizwe n’imirimo y’agahato irimo guharura imihanda, kubumba amatafari, gutwara imizigo y’abakoloni, gukora mu birombe bya zahabu na coltan no guhinga ibireti byakoreshwaga mu gutunganya umuti wica udukoko (insecticide). N’ubwo inzara ya Ruzagayura yamaze umwaka umwe hagati ya 1943-1944, yahitanye abantu benshi cyane. Abamisiyoneri b’abagatolika batangaje muri raporo ngarumwaka yo hagati y’i 1939 n’i 1945, ko u Rwanda rwatakaje abantu bagera ku 300 000, harimo MUHABURA. RW |
5history
| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/tumenye-amateka-y-ahantu-hitwa-mu-miko-y-abakobwa | Tumenye Amateka y’ahantu hitwa « Mu miko y’abakobwa » | Mu miko y’abakobwa » ni ahantu ndangamateka. Ni agace gaherereye mu Kagari ka Mukore mu Murenge wa Kageyo mu Karere ka Ngororero. Ni agace gato gafite ubuso bwa are 20, harangwa n’ibihuru birimo igiti cy’umuko gikikijwe n’ibindi biti bigufi n’ibirebire hamwe n’ibyatsi byurira, bihora byose bitohagiye. Amateka avuga ko umwami Yuhi II Gahima amaze gutanga, abana be Bamara, Cyamatare, Mutezi, Binama na Juru bagiranye amakimbirane ashingiye ku uzasimbura se. Ibi byatumye batandukana, uwitwa Juru afata Uburiza, Cyamatare afata Nduga na Kingogo. Juru wari warasigaranye ubutegetsi bwa se yaje gupfa maze Binama aba ari we ufata ubutegetsi. Intego ye ya mbere yari ukwikiza Ndahiro II Cyamatare. Kugira ngo abigereho yitabaza umwami w’Abanyabungo witwaga Nsibura I Nyebunga. Barwanyije Cyamatare arahunga kugeza bamutsinze ahitwa « Rubi rw’Inyundo », ni mu Murenge wa Muhororo mu Karere ka Ngororero, hari mu mwaka w’1499, Abanyabungo bafata u Rwanda barutegeka imyaka 11. Bamze gufata igihugu, Nsibura Nyebunga na Binama bakoze icyaziraga bafata umugabekazi witwaga Nyirandahiro II Nyirangabo hamwe n’abakobwa b’i bwami babicira aho mu kagari ka mukore ubu. Aho hari igiti cy’umuko kinini hamwe n’iriba ry’amazi ari na ryo baroshywemo, ubu hashize imyaka 517. Naho Ruganzu Ndoli yari yarahungishirijwe kwa nyirasenge Nyabunyana i Karagwe k’Abahinda. Byategereje ko Ruganzu Ndoli aza gutabara u Rwanda mu 1510, ahabwa umugabekazi w’umutsindirano witwaga Nyirarumaga. Ruganzu Ndoli yahise atangiza inzira y’ubwiru bitaga « Inzira ya gicurasi », nko kwiraburira abo bagore n’abakobwa baroshywe mu Miko y’abakobwa nabwo hari muri gicurasi. Gasake Augustin, umwanditsi akaba n’umuhanzi gakondo avuga ko mu gukuraho imiziro kuri aho hantu, haje uwitwaga Kibogo wari murumuna wa Cyamatare, maze aritanga ageze mu miko y’abakobwa (ni igihe Ruganzu yarimo arwanya Abanyabungo, maze ahajojobereza amaraso ye ariko kuheza « kweza », maze bamwubakira inzu i bwami yabayeho kugeza umwami Musinga atanze. Niyomugabo Albert/MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/byinshi-wa-menya-kumyumvire-y-abanyarwanda-ba-kera-ku | Byinshi wa menya kumyumvire y’Abanyarwanda ba kera ku bazimu | Kuva kera Abanyarwanda bemeraga ko umuntu agizwe n’umubiri uboneka n’igicucu kitaboneka, byombi bigateranya ikiremwa gifite ubwenge n’ugushaka. Abanyarwanda bo hambere bavugaga ko iyo umuntu apfuye, umubiri uba umurambo, igicucu kikaba umuzimu utagaragara kandi udafatika. Abanyarwanda ba kera bavuga ko nubwo umuzimu aba ikuzimu, akunda iby’imusozi; akaza gusura abe bakiriho. Abasaba kumwubaha no kumwiyambaza, arabagenzura areba ko badata umuco karande. Ahana abawurenzeho ngo abaterereza Kuva kera Abanyarwanda bemeraga ko umuntu agizwe n’umubiri uboneka n’igicucu kitaboneka, byombi bigateranya ikiremwa gifite ubwenge n’ugushaka. Abanyarwanda bo hambere bavugaga ko iyo umuntu apfuye, umubiri uba umurambo, igicucu kikaba umuzimu utagaragara kandi udafatika. Abanyarwanda ba kera bavuga ko nubwo umuzimu aba ikuzimu, akunda iby’imusozi; akaza gusura abe bakiriho. Abasaba kumwubaha no kumwiyambaza, arabagenzura areba ko badata umuco karande. Ahana abawurenzeho ngo abaterereza indwara cyangwa ibindi byago. Abazima bambaza abazimu babifashijwemo n’abapfumu Hari uburyo bubiri bwo kugusha neza umuzimu wateye; bamwe bamwubakira inzu, abandi bakamugondera indaro. I Bwami ho habaga amazu yihariye yubakiwe abazimu. Inzu yitwaga kwa Cyirima ni yo yari izwi cyane. Amaturo y’ingenzi bashyiraga ku nzu cyangwa mu ziko kugira ngo bagushe neza abazimu (ari byo bitaga kubasetsa) yari amata, inzoga, ibishyimbo n’ibindi bihingwa. Babituraga bamaze kubitera amazi n’ingwa no kubitongera. Umushyikirano n’abazimu binyuze mu kuragura Kuragura ariko gufindura icyo abazimu b’abakurambere bifuza, bifasha umuntu kugena imyitwarire ye ya buri munsi ndetse n’iy’umuryango we. Kugira ngo umupfumu ahuze uraguza n’ikintu baraguriza, akoresha imbuto (amacandwe) y’uraguza. Uraguza atanga imbuto mbere yo kuragura yaba atahibereye akayiha uwo yatumye kumuragurira, ikajyanwa mu kagenzo. Iyo abakurambere baraguzaga bakoreshaga uburyo butandukanye burimo; kuragura urugimbu, kuragura inka cyangwa intama, kuraguza imihundwa, kuragura inkoko kuraguza igikondo, kuragura inzuzi ndetse no kuraguza amavuta. Kuragura urugimbu Babumba imitavu y’urugimbu rw’ikimasa, urw’ihene cyangwa urw’intama bagahondana n’ubujyuri. Umutavu bawuha imbuto, hanyuma bakawushinga mu gicumbi bakawucana bakawushyira mu nkoko ihengetse. Indagu itangwa n’icyerekezo cy’urumuri. Kuragura inkoko Umupfumu asaba uraguza guha inkoko imbuto, akayiciramu kanwa, yaba adahari bagakoresha imbuto yohereje. Iyo umupfumu amaze gutongera inkoko ayitera umuti (kuyica) akoresheje umushyo cyangwa akayirambika ku kirere akayibaga, akayirora ibiranga yitonze. Iyo imana yeze arayibika, akazongera kuyiragura bukeye. Iyo yongeye kwera umupfumu arayihangura (kuyikuramo impigi), akayihereza uwaraguje ikajya imurinda. Iyo inkoko yirabuye, umupfumu araguza izindi. Kuragura inka cyangwa intama Kuragura ikimasa cyangwa isekurume bikorwa kimwe n’uko baragura inkoko. Kuragura ikimasa biyakundaga kugirwa umwami. Kuraguza inzuzi Batera inzuzi ku mbehe bakarora uko zaguye, bakavuga indagu. Inzuzi ziba ari icumi; imba enye arizo ngore, inzovu eshanu zavuye ku kimasa cyamaze urubanza arizo ngabo na karantuku ibaje mu kabaju k’igisabo, mu muko, cyangwa uruyuzi. Bayita umwami. Kuraguza imihundwa Bayiraguza nk’uko baraguza inzuzi ariko bagakoresha ibice by’urwasaya rw’impongo, urw’ikimasa cyangwa urw’intama, bakenera n’izindi nzuzi; igikagiro cyangwa igicumbi (agati gahunzeho udusaro), n’inzuzi ebyiri zikokeyemo ibintu bihatse amabanga y’abapfumu. Ibyo byose umupfumu abitera ku ruhu rushashe hasi. Indagu igaragazwa n’aho biguye n’aho byerekeza. Kuraguza igikondo Umupfumu akoresha akabehe akubaho agasate k’igiti bita igikondo. Avugutiraho umugombe, yakubika igikondo kigafata inzuzi zikaba zeze cyangwa zikirabura. Kuraguza amavuta Basuka amazi yatuye ku ntebe ya kinyarwanda. Uraguza acira ku masoro abiri y’amavuta, umupfumu agashyira ayo masoro muri ya mazi hafi y’urugara rw’intebe ku buryo ategana. Iyo amavuta ashonze ahura aba yeze, yashonga atatana akaba yirabuye; yagira ibara ryera nabwo akaba yeze, yagira iry’umuhond akaba yirabuye. MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/amateka-y-ibwami-uko-umwami-yimaga-ingoma-mu-rwanda | Amateka y’Ibwami : Uko umwami yimaga ingoma mu Rwanda | Amateka y’u Rwanda agaragaza ko abami bose b’u Rwanda bakomokaga mu muryango umwe wo mu bwoko bw’Abanyiginya. Iyo miterere y’inkomoko y’abami ikavuga ko umwami iyo yatangaga yagombaga gusimburwa n’umuhungu we, bityo bityo kugeza ku ndunduro. Ikindi kivugwa k’ubwami ni uko ngo umwana wagombaga gusimbura se ku ngoma yagombaga kuba yaravukanye imbuto nk’uko Abiru(abanyabwenge b’i Bwami) babibwiraga rubanda. Hari abavuga ko bitumvikana neza uko byagendaga kugirango uwo mwana w’umwami avukane imbuto, ariko ibyo byari amabanga y’ubwiru nk’uko iyo nyito yabwo iri. Umwami wimye yagiraga izina ry’ubwami Umwami wimye yagiraga izina ry’ubwami hakiyongeraho n’izina rye bwite yiswe n’ababyeyi be. Umwami yahitagamo izina uko abyumva, akiha amatwara y’imitegekere uko abishaka, agashyiraho abatware b’intara z’igihugu ab’ingabo, ab’ubutaka n’abandi, akabikora uko abyumva ntawe agishije inama. Ahasaga mu mwaka wa 1576 kugeza mu wa 1609, ku ngoma y’umwami w’i Gasabo Kigeli II Nyamuheshera niwe washyizeho umurongo ngenderwaho ntakuka w’ubutegetsi bwa Cyami. Ashyiraho itonde ry’amazina y’ubwami uko azajya akurikirana ku ngoma, n’amatwara y’abo bami ndetse n’igihe izina iri n’iri rizaba rigezweho. Iryo tonde ryabaga riteye ritya: MUTARA, KIGELI, MIBAMBWE, YUHI CYILIMA, KIGELI, MIBAMBWE, YUHI Ni ukuvuga ko buri zina ry’ubwami ryagarukaga buri ngoma eshatu, usibye Mutara na Cyilima zagendaga zisimburana. Ayo mazina yabaga afite icyo asobanura kijyanye n’amatwara n’inshingano umwami uzitwa iryo zina agomba kugenderaho. Ayo mazina yasobanuraga gutya ukurikije amatwara yayo nuko akurikirana. 1.Harebwe uko Kigeli II Nyamuheshera yagiye ayakurikiranya habanzaga MUTARA aribyo bivuga “Umwami w’Amatungo”. Iryo zina yarisimburanagaho na CYILIMA, ariko bose intego n’amatwara yabo ari amwe. Umwami wabaga yimye iryo zina ariryo rigezweho, yagombaga kwita ku bworozi, cyane cyane inka z’Inyambo, dore ko arizo zari zigize ubukungu bw’igihugu mu gihe cyo hambere. Uwo Mwami iyo yaterwaga yaritabaraga, ariko we ntiyateraga. 2. Izina ry’Ubwami ryakurikiragaho ni irya KIGELI. Bikaba bivuga “Umwami w’Inkotanyi”. Iyo iryo zina ryabaga rigezweho, amatwara y’uwo mwami kuva yimye ingoma kugeza atanze, yari ayo kugaba ibitero byo kwagura igihugu no kwihimura ku bami babaga barihaye gusuzugura u Rwanda. Aha nk’uko bigaragara mu mateka, ba Kigeli nibo bami baguye u Rwanda cyane, nka Kigeli IV Rwabugiri wahigitse amahanga kakahava. 3. Izina rya gatatu ryari irya YUHI. Bikaba bisobanura “Umwami w’umuriro”. Impamvu yitwaga Umwami w’umuriro, ni uko ku ngoma ye yagombaga kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu. Akaba umwami w’intagondwa ku buryo ntawabasha kuvogera igihugu cyangwa se abaturage bacyo. Yuhi, yari umwami wagombaga kubungabunga umuco w’igihugu ku buryo urushaho gusakara muri bene wo, icyo gihe hakirindwa ko hagira indi mico y’amahanga yavogera umuco w’i Rwanda. Ababikurikiranye bavuga urugero rwa Yuhi IV Musinga wanze kubatizwa n’abazungu nk’abandi bose. Agasubiza ko aho kwitwa izina ry’abazungu yakwitwa izina rya ba sekuruza be, dore ko nabo bari bafite amazina meza kandi yuje ubutwari. Icyo gihe yanze kwitwa izina ry’Abatagatifu, avuga ko atakwitwa amazina y’abazimu b’abazungu kandi hari ab’i Rwanda bo bazwi ko hari icyo bamariye igihugu, atanga urugero rwa se Rwabugili. Kwemera ubukirisitu kuri we byaragoranye cyane, kuko yavugaga ko Imana azi ari Imana y’i Rwanda naho iy’abazungu ntacyo ayiziho. Ibi bavuga ko biri mu byatumye bamuca ku ngoma ubwo kuwa 05/01/1931 abazungu bamwimuye bakamucira i Kamembe, mbere y’uko ahungira i Moba mu cyahoze ari Zaire, ari naho yaguye. Aha havugwa kandi Umwami w’icyamamare muri ba Yuhi witwaga Yuhi IV Gahindiro wabayeho ahasaga mu 1746. Icyamuteye kwamamara, ngo ni uko yari umwami w’umunyamahoro, bikaba bivugwa ko ku ngoma ye nta muntu n’umwe yigeze yica.Ubwami bwe bwabaga ari ingoma yuje ituze, umutekano n’ubugiraneza bwinshi. Ngo niyo ngoma imwe rukubi yabayemo amahoro n’ubwisanzure bisesuye mu Rwanda. Ibyo ngo bitangirwa ubuhamya n’ibikomangoma Ntamwete na barumuna be bo mu Gisaka yahaye ubuhungiro, ubwo Rugeyo yari yigize igikomangoma Zigama cy’i Burundi agatera i Gisaka. 4. Izina rya kane ryari irya MIBAMBWE. Rikaba rivuga “Umwami w’uburumbuke”. Iyo iri zina ryabaga rigezweho, uwo mwami yagombaga kwita ku burumbuke bw’abantu, imyaka n’amatungo. Igihugu kigahorana ubukungu butajegajega, bityo abaturage bakarindwa indwara z’ibyorezo n’iz’ibiza zazengerezaga amatungo. Uwo mwami nawe yagabaga ibitero, ariko bitari byinshi. Ibitero bye ngo byabaga ari ibyo kunyaga inka zo mu yandi mahanga mu rwego rwo kongera izari mu Rwanda. Yanagabaga ibitero byo kugaruza kandi izabaga zanyazwe n’andi mahanga. Ibitero byo kwagura igihugu byo yabihariraga ba Kigeri. Mu gushyiraho amazina y’abami n’uko azajya akurikirana ngo hari amazina yagiye akurwaho bitewe n’ibikorwa byakozwe ku ngoma zabo cyangwa se kuba nta gikorwa kizwi uwo mwami yakoreye igihugu. Urugero ruvugwa ni urwa Ruganzu Ndoli wakoze ibikorwa byinshi bikomeye, bakagira n’ibindi bamwitirira, ariko ngo kuba nta mwana we n’umwe yabiraze nta n’umwami n’umwe mu bamukurikiye wigeze akora nkawe, byatumye izina rye rikurwa mu mazina y’abami b’u Rwanda. Aha ngo niho bakurije bamwita “Igicucu Ruganzu.” Izina rya Ndahiro naryo ryakuwe mu mihango y’ubwiru bwimitsi ngo bitewe n’uko ku ngoma ye ariho mu mateka u Rwanda rwatewe n’amahanga by’akabura rugero nko ku ngoma ya Ndahiro II Cyamatara, ubwo u Rwanda rwibasirwaga n’igitero cya Nsibura Nyebunga umwami w’i Bunyabungo, wahereye ku mage u Rwanda rwari rurimo y’ibikomangoma byo kwa Yuhi Gahima byarimo kurwanira ingoma. Icyo gihe Nsibura Nyebunga yanesheje Ndahiro Cyamatare, anyaga n’ingabe y’u Rwanda bitaga Rwoga. Iryo zina Ndahiro ryakuwe mu mazina y’ubwami kubera iryo shyano ry’urupfu rwapfakaje u Rwanda rukanyagwa n’ingabe yarwo Rwoga, u Rwanda rukirenza imyaka isaga icumi muri ako kangaratete. Icyo gihe ngo haciwe iteka ko nta mwami uzongera kwitwa izina ry’ubwami rya Ndahiro, aha niho havuye umuhango wo mu bwiru witwa “Gukura Gicurasi”. Ikindi umwami Kigeli II Nyamuheshera yakoze, ni uko yashyizeho gahunda nyayo igenga ubwiru, ashyiraho gahunda y’Abiru b’imihango, ashyiraho n’imitwe y’Abiru n’inshingano zabo. Ni nawe waciye iteka ry’uko Umwiru Mwimitsi agomba kuzajya ava mu biru b’Abatege, naho Abiru bo kwa Rutsobe (ariwe nkomoko y’Abatsobe) nibo bari bafite inshingano yo gutanga abatabazi batabariraga igihugu, bakaba ari nabo bashingwa iby’umuganura. Nyamuheshera agena imikorere y’Abatware b’ubutaka, ab’inyambo n’ab’ingabo. Umwami yagiraga ububasha bw’ikirenga mu gihugu cye. Yaricaga agakiza, akagaba akanyaga. Muri make ubuzima bw’abaturage b’igihugu cyose bwabaga buri mu maboko ye. Ikintu cyose cyabaga ari icy’umwami, inka zari iz’umwami, ubutaka bwabaga ari ubw’umwami, abagore babaga ari ab’umwami, abana babaga ari ab’umwami n’ibindi. Iteka yabaga yaciye ryabaga ari ihame ntakuka,rikubahirizwa kuva ku babyeyi kugeza ku bana, abuzukuru, abuzukuruza n’ubuvivi bakabitozwa. Chief editor\ Muhabura.rw |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/menya-byinshi-bitangaje-ku-ibitero-byo-kwagura-igihugu-cy-u | Menya byinshi bitangaje ku bitero byo kwagura Igihugu cy’u Rwanda | Nk’uko amateka y’u Rwanda abigaragaza,u Rwanda rwabanje kuba isibaniro ry’impugu zisaga kuri 29,buri gihugu kikagira Umwami wacyo n’Ingoma –Ngabe yacyo. Buri gihugu cyagiraga amatwara yacyo ashingiye ku kubumbatira ubusugire bw’igihugu n’abaturage bacyo, bityo ugasanga ibihugu byose bihora birwana ishyaka ryo gutsinda amahanga bihana imbibi.Buri gihugu cyagiraga ikimenyetso ndangamimerere gikesha ukubaho kw’Abaturage bacyo nk’ubukungu bw’igihugu. Ibindi bihugu (bitari u Rwanda rwa Gasabo ),imikorere yabo yari iyo kwagura ibihugu byabo bakoresheje uburyo bwo gukonda amashyamba,hanyuma bakabona aho batura n’aho bahinga.Ni ukuvuga ko Umuryango w’Abakonde aba n’aba iyo wagiraga umwete wo gukonda ishyamba ,nawo wabonaga ubutaka bunini bwo guturamo.Bamara kugwira ,bakarema Igihugu cyabo cy’Ubwoko bwabo n’umuryango wabo bakagira Umwami wabo n’Ingoma –Ngabe yabo. Ingoma –Ngabe y’u Rwanda rugari rwa Gasabo, niyo yadukanye amatwara yo kwigarurira ibindi bihugu, ikoresheje uburyo bwo kurwana .Icyo gihe intwaro bitwazaga zari, amacumu, imiheto, imyambi, inkota, ingabo n’ibindi.Bityo uwo muco ukomeza gukwira no mu bindi bihugu utyo I. Inkomoko y’Izina “RWANDA “ Ijambo “Rwanda” ryaba rituruka ku nshinga ya kera “KWANDA” bivuga gukwira hirya no hino. Izina “Rwanda” riranga ahantu urisanga mu ntara ya Busoga iri mu burasirazuba bwa Uganda, kimwe no muri Ankole. Mu gihugu cyacu rero hakaba Rwanda rwa Binaga ho mu Rweya (Mutara), Rwanda rwa Gasabo (banahita Rwanda rwa Ndanyoye) iri muri Komini Gikomero, hari na Rwanda rwa Kamonyi (Komini Taba), ndetse hari na Rwanda yo mu bya Kalemi (Zayire) mu burengerazuba bw’ikiyaga cya Tanganyika. Havugwa ko Abanyiginya bagitangira kwigarurira ibihugu, umusozi batsinze wose wazaga usanga Rwanda (rwa Gasabo). Aho kuri Rwanda ngo niho babyariye (biciye) imfizi ya Gihanga y’Ubwami Rugira, n’insumba yayo Ingizi. Ngiyo rero “Rwanda rugari rwa Gasabo”, ngo bavuga gutyo umutima w’Umunyiginya ugatengurwa n’ibyishimo. Ndetse bakongeraho ngo “Rwanda rwa Gasabo, urwo mvuga mvumera iwacu”. Mbese ni mu ngobyi y’ubwami bw’Abanyiginya.Kwitwa iryo zina kw’Igihugu cy’I Gasabo,bikaba byaravuye ahanini ku ngufu zakoreshejwe n’Abami b’icyo gihugu mu kucyagura.Aho akaba ari naho havuye inyito yamamaye hose ngo “u Rwanda rugari rwa Gasabo “ Iryo zina ry’u Rwanda ryakomotse kuri RUGANZU I BWIMBA ahasaga mu w’1312 kugeza mu w’1345,ubwo yari atangiye kugaba ibitero byo kwigarurira ibindi bihugu ahereye ku gihugu cy‘ i Gisaka.Umwuzukuru we KIGELI I MUKOBANYA wabayeho ahasaga mu w’1378 kugeza mu w’1411, yagabye igitero mu Bwanacyambwe .Nuko yica Umwami waho witwaga NKUBA YA NYABAKONJO ,niko kuhita KIGALI byo kubereka ko abarushije isumbwe agahita akuraho izina ryabo.Kigali nabyo bivuga “Igihugu cyagutse kikanda impande zose,kikaba kigali” bitewe no kwigarurira ibihugu by’ibituranyi igihugu cy’I Gasabo kikarushaho kwaguka.Kwitwa Kigali ,ntibyakuyeho kuba mu Bwanacyambwe,ariko byakuyeho inyito “Kigali yo mu Bwanacyambwe “ hitwa “Mu Bwanacyambwe bwa Kigali “.Kuva icyo gihe,ndavuga guhera muri icyo kibariro nyine ( ku Ngoma ya Ruganzu Bwimba ) niho havuye inyito yo kuhita« RWANDA RUGARI RWA GASABO ». Icyo twavuga aha, tukiri ku mateka ya Kigeli Mukobanya, nuko ariwe Mwami wa mbere wadukanye amatwara yo gutegeka igihugu wenyine nta bigereka.Aha bikaba bigaragara ko we ntawe bigeze bagabana igihugu nk’abandi Bami b’ibihugu by’abaturanyi by’Abahinza n’Abahima ,aho Umwami yagabanyaga igihugu abana be cyangwa se abo bava inda imwe.Kandi n’abandi Bami bamubanjirije,iyo bamaraga gufata ibihugu ntibicaga cyangwa se ngo bambure ubuyobozi abami bene igihugu.Ahubwo babarekeraga igihugu,ahubwo bakajya bazanira amakoro n’amaturo Abami b’I Gasabo.Ariko we yadukanye amatwara yo kubakuraho no kubica ,ibihugu yigaruriye akoherezayo Umutware wo kumutwarira ako Karere. II. Ibitero byo kwagura Igihugu Umwami wa mbere wimye i Gasabo uzwi mu bitekerezo ni Ruganzu I Bwimba; icyo gihe Gisaka yari ikomeye kurusha u Rwanda wagerageje gutangiza igaba-bitero ryo kwagura igihugu , ni RUGANZU I BWIMBA ahasaga mu w 1312 kugeza mu w’1345 ,igitero cya mbere mu mateka y’ u Rwanda niwe wakigabye ,ubwo yashakaga kwigarurira I Gisaka.Icyo gihe yize ubucakura bwo gushyingira mushiki we ROBWA Umwami KIMENYI MUSAYA wo mu Gisaka,nuko aza kwiyahura kugirango atazabyara Umwami w’I Gisaka akazatsinda u Rwanda.Amaze kwiyahura ,Bwimba nawe ubucakura bwe ntibwamuhira,I Gisaka gitera u Rwanda ,ingabo z’aho ziba zimucuze inkumbi.Uwo akaba ari nawe Mwami wa mbere uzwi mu Mateka y’ u Rwanda kubera ibikorwa nk’ibyo yakoze. Umwami w’i Gisaka yari Kimenyi Musaya warongoye Robwa, mushiki wa Ruganzu wa I Bwimba. Ruganzu I Bwimba yishwe n’ingabo z’i Gisaka. Bavuga ko bimaze kuba ngo uwo Robwa yaba yarisekuye ku nkota kugira ngo umwana atwite atazavamo umwami w’i Gisaka. Uwo Ruganzu I Bwimba na mushiki we Robwa babarirwa mu batabazi bitangiye ingoma nyiginya. U Rwanda rwa Gasabo muri ibyo bihe rwari rukikijwe n’ibihugu bitatu bikomeye : Ingoma y’ I Gisaka, Ingoma y’i Ndorwa n’iy’Ubugesera.Ibindi byari uduhugu tworoshye tudafite amaboko menshi ku buryo bitari ibyo gutinywa, ibyo bihugu ni U Buriza n’ u Bwanacyambwe Uru Rwanda rwatangiriye kwaguka mu Bwanacyambwe, mu Buganza, mu Busarasi, mu Buriza, no mu Busigi. Aho rumariye kwambuka Nyabarongo rugeze mu Nduga, ingoma zo mu Gisaka n’izo mu Ndorwa zitunyaga ibihugu byinshi byo mu Buganza, mu Buriza no mu Bwanacyambwe.Aho rumariye kugwiza amaboko rurwana n’I Gisaka n’I Ndorwa bimara igihe kirekire rushirwa ruhatsinze.Dore uko amateka y’ibitero byo kwagura igihugu akurikirana. Igitero kigaruriye u Buriza Nyuma y’aho Ruganzu I Bwimba abimburiye Abami b’u Rwanda gutera ibitero byo kwagura igihugu, hakurikiyeho CYILIMA I RUGWE ,niwe wateye igitero kibasiye Ingoma y’U Buriza yategekwaga n’Ibikomangoma by’Abongera bo mu bwoko bw’Abasinga.Igihugu bategekaga cyari kigizwe n’intara z’ U BUMBOGO bwahoze bwitwa u BUSARASI (muri Komini Musasa,Rushashi na Tare ho muri Kigali ).Ubu ni mu Karere ka Rulindo.Cyari kigizwe na none n’UBURIZA nyirizina (muri Komini Rutongo ,Mugambazi na Shyorongi ho muri Kigali ).Ubu ni mu Karere ka Rulindo . Umurwa Mukuru w’u Buriza wari Nyamitanga ho kuri Jari Icyo gitero kibasiye cyane Umwami w’U Buriza MUGINA, nuko Rugwe ashirwa amucuze inkumbi. Ingabe yabo BUSHIZIMBEHO Abanyarwanda barayinyaga.Ingoma y’uBuriza izima ityo, abatware n’abaturage b’izo mpugu bayoboka ubami bw’I Gasabo.Icyo gitero kikaba cyaraba ye mu Cyi cyo mu w’1345. Aha akaba ari naho havuye imvugo igira iti :“U BURIZA BWA GASABO “ kuko ariyo mfura mu bihugu Ingoma y’I Gasabo yigaruriye bwa mbere. Igitero kigaruriye u Bwanacyambwe Igitero kibasiye Ingoma y’u Bwanacyambwe cyagabwe na KIGELI I MUKOBANYA ahasaga mu w’ 1378 .Ingoma y’U Bwanacyambwe nayo yategekwaga n’Ibikomangoma by’Abongera kimwe n’iy’Uburiza .Ni ukuvuga ko nacyo cyayoborwaga n’Abasinga.Igihugu bategekaga cyari kigizwe n’intara z’ UBWANACYAMBWE nyirizina (muri Komini Nyarugenge,Rubungo na Kanombe ho muri Kigali ).Ubu ni mu Turere twa Nyarugenge,Gasabo na Kicukiro .Cyari kigizwe na none n’UBUGANZA bw’epfo (muri Komini Murambi ,Muhazi,Mukarange na ,Rutonde ho muri Kibungo na Bicumbi ho muri Kigali ).Ubu ni mu Turere twa Rwamagana,Kayonza na Gatsibo .Icyo gitero cyagabwe na MUKOBANYA cyanesheje umwami w’Ubwanacyambwe NKUBA YA NYABAKONJOahungira I Bugufi amaze kuneshwa.Nyuma Ingoma-Ngabe y’U Bwanacyambwe KAMUHAGAMA nayo yaje kunyagwa na Kigeli Mukobanya.Ingoma y’Abongera yazimye burundu.Muri iyo myaka ninaho habaye igitero cya mbere cy’Abanyoro (Bwari ubwami buherereye mu burengerazuba bw’amajyepfo bwa Uganda ),cyaje gukurikirwa n’igitero cya kabiri cy’Abanyoro ,ari nacyo cyatumye umuhungu we Mibambwe I ahunga. Itsindwa rya Nduga U Rwanda rumaze kwigarurira u Buriza n’u Bwanacyambwe ,bwari busigaranye ibihugu 4 by’ibituranyi bikomeye bihangayikishije Ingoma –Nyiginya y’I Gasabo ,muri ibyo bihugu harimo Ingoma ya Nduga yari iherereye mu burengarazuba bw’Ingoma y’I Gasabo ,wambutse uruzi rwa Nyabarongo . Ubwami bwa Nduga bwari ubw’ Ababanda , niyo mpamvu bakundaga kuhita mu Nduga y’Ababanda.Ingoma –Ngabe yabo yari “NYABIHINDA “.Nduga y’Ababanda nacyo cyari igihugu kinini kandi gikomeye mu bihe byo ha mbere.Nduga ngari yari ibumbye Perefegitura ya GITARAMA yose uko yakabaye(Muhanga,Kamonyi,Ruhango) ukongeraho Komini Nyabisindu,Shyanda ,Ntyazo na Muyira ho muri Butare( mu Karere ka Nyanza n’ agace gato ka Huye ).Kugirango Umwami w’u Rwanda yigarurire igihugu gikomeye gityo habaye ubucakura bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru.Dore uko byagenze MIBAMBWE I SEKARONGORO I MUTABAZI I amaze kwima ingoma ahasaga mu w’1411 kugeza mu w’1444, yihatiye kwigaruria Nduga y’Ababanda iranga imubera ibamba.Bigera naho Nduga igaba ibitero byambuka Nyabarongo .MASHIRA WA NKUBA YA SABUGABO wategekaga Nduga amaze kunanirana ,Mibambwe I yigiriye inama yo kugirana nawe imimaro (amasezerano yo kutarwana ),biremezwa Mashira ahamya ubwami bwa Nduga.Nyuma yaho imishyikirano yarakomeye,haziraho no gushyingirana.Nuko Mashira arongora NYIRANTORWA umukobwa wa Mibambwe I ,naho Mibambwe I arongora BWIZA bwa Mashira budashira irora n’irongorwa (icyo nicyo cyari igisingizo cye ) ndetse na GAHINDIRO ka Mibambwe I arongora NYANKERI ya Mashira (Babaye abasanzire na se ). Nyuma y’ubwo busabane buvanzemo n’amayeri ya Politiki ,niho hadutse igitero cya kabiri cy’Abanyoro.Mibambwe I yagerageje kwitabaza UBugesera Gisaka na Nduga,ibyo bihugu byanga kumutabara.Nuko Mibambwe abonye ko asumbirijwe ,kandi u Rwanda rwe rumaze gusibama ,ahitamo guhunga,ahungana n’ingabo ,abaturage ndetse n’amatungo,berekeza I Bushi (Bukavu y’ubu ).Ubwo Abanyoro bateye n’I Gisaka ,ariko ntibyakomera ,batera u Bugesera ,umwami SANGANO w’u Bugesera arahagwa.Bakurikiranye Mibambwe ,ariko bagenda intage ,udusigisigi twabo dutura mu majyepfo y’I Nduga . Mibambwe I n’Abanyarwanda baza kumva ko CWA I ,umwami w’Abanyoro yapfuye,barahuguka.Mu ihunguka rye Mibambwe yagiye asubira mu maraso ye igihe yahungaga,ajya kwagira Sebukwe akaba n’umukwe we Mashira wari utuye I Nyanza muri icyo gihe.Mashira rero yaje gusanganira Sebukwe ntacyo yikeka,arazimana.Igihe kigeze hagati ,baramufata Mibambwe I aramwica ,afatanyije na MUNYANA wavaga inda imwe na Mashira kwa se wabo,amutsinda aho ngaho I Nyanza.Ibyo kwa Mashira birarimbuka ,Nduga itsindwa itsinzwe noneho. 3.1. Ibyatumye Nduga itsindwa Ukwirara hamwe n’ikizere ngo kiraza amasinde. Mu by’ukuri bivanze n’ubupfayongo. Dore nawe, Mashira ntiyari abuze ingabo zikomeye kandi nyinshi, ariko we yahugiye mu byo kubana neza no gushyingirana, mu gihe Mibambwe I hamwe n’abagaragu be (ngo abenshi bari Abasinga) bo bari bagamije politiki, iyi idatinya kwigarurira ibihugu. Ubugambanyi bwa Munyanya. Munyanya yavaga indimwe na Mashira mwa se wabo; yifatanyije na Mibambwe I mu kwica Mashira. 3.2. Inkurikizi ku itsindwa rya Nduga Inkurikizi z’itsindwa rya Nduga ni intambwe ikomeye cyane mu mateka y’u Rwanda. Ibyo byatumye u Rwanda rubona aho ruhera hagaragara, rutera utundi duhugu. Nduga yari isanganywe ubutegetsi bufututse, bukomeye. Abanyanduga bakomeje gushyamirana n’abanyiginya. Uburangare ntibwabaye ubwa bose. Mu bitongero by’imihango bagerageje kunga Nduga n’abayigaruriye bavuga ngo: "tuza... nk’inono y’Abasindi na Kibanda". Ni ukuvuga ngo: worohe nk’ifu y’inono ihuza Abasindi (ni ukuvuga Abanyiginya) na Kibanda y’Ababanda. Mu by’ukuri ngo no mu by’1930, Ababanda bo mu Nduga bari bagicyurirana n’Abanyiginya. Naho incyuro z’Abanyiginya ari hamwe n’Abasinga zigaragarira mu bisigo byo ku ngoma ya Cyirima II Rujugira bibwirwa Muhabura, umusizi w’umubanda. Hari Ababanda benshi batotejwe, maze bamwe mu batarapfuye barahunga bagana mu Buriza, mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda n’ahandi. Hari abimukanye amazina y’aho baturutse: Marangara (muri Komini Nyamutera) Jenda (muri Komini Nkuri); hari na Jenda bimukanye mu Bunyambiriri (Gikongoro). Nduga yabaye umutima w’u Rwanda rw’Abanyiginya, abami barahikunze baharema imirwa myinshi, nyuma ibitero byinshi byakwiriye impande zose z’u Rwanda rw’icyo gihe, byitwaga ko bigabwe n’Abanyenduga Abanyanduga banze kwibagirwa Mashira wabo, baramuterekereye, bararimba bamushyira mu mubare w’imandwa. Nyamara ngo yaba yari igihangange gishishikajwe no kwagura igihugu no kugitegeka neza. U Bwanacyambwe bwigaruriwe n’Abagesera b’Abazirankende, Mibambwe I amaze guhunga Abanyoro no kwica Mashira yatuye mu Nduga. U Bwanacyambwe bwari bwarometswe ku Gisaka mu gihe cy’abami bane bo mu Rwanda: Yuhi II Gahima, Ndahiro II Cyamatare, Ruganzu II Ndori, Mutara Semugeshi. Icyo gihe cyose, urubibi rw’i Gisaka rwari umugezi wa Nyabugogo n’uruzi rwa Nyabarongo mu majyaruguru y’u Bwanacyambwe. Byageza n’aho umwami w’i Gisaka, Kimenyi II Shumbusho, aza gutura ku murwa wa Kigali. Abami b’u Rwanda babonye ko badafite amaboko yo kurwanya Gisaka, barekera iyo kugeza kuri Kigeri II Nyamuheshera (mu by’1770). 3.3.Inkurikizi, nyuma y’ubutegetsi bwa Mibambwe I Sekarongoro Yuhi II Gahima bakunze kumuranga bamusingiza ngo : “Yuhi ryo mu Karambo ka Rukore” (aho ni mu Busigi, hakurya ya Rulindo). Bavuga ko se Mibambwe I wari utuye i Remera ryo mu Buriza hateganye n’u Busigi ari ho, yari atungiye Shetsa umugore we w’inkundwakazi, yageze aho akajya mu Karambo ka Rukore, akarongora Matama ya Bigega ariko rwihishwa. Nibwo Matama uwo abyaye Gahima wabaye Yuhi II. YUHI II GAHIMA mwene Mibambwe I na MATAMA YA BIGEGA , wategetse ahasaga mu w’1444 kugeza mu w’1477, yatangiye ashimangira ubutegetsi bwa Se mu Nduga yari asize yigaruriye.Hanyuma yatangiye kugaba ibitero byo kunyaga inka n’abagore mu burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda agera I Nzaratsi mu Nyantango na Bwishaza ndetse no mu Rusenyi ho mu Karere ka Karongi.Aho hose ariko bara murwanyije ntiyahamara kabiri .Mu burasirazuba yateye u Buganza bwa Ruguruhafi yo mu Mubari ho mu Ngoma y’I Gisaka ,mu majyepfo atera u Bungwe ,ariko ntibyamuhira. Yuhi II Gahima amaze gutanga ,abana be barwanira ingoma ,banga kuyoboka NDAHIRO II CYAMATARE wari umaze kwima ingoma asimbuye Se ahasaga mu w’1477 kugeza mu w’1510.U Rwanda rucikamo ibice bibiri :Igikomangoma JURU ,yigarurira igice cyi hakuno ya Nyabarongo ( u Buriza ),naho uburengerazuba buyoboka Ndahiro .Juru amaze gupfa ,Igikomangoma BAMARA ashaka gusimbura mukuru we Juru .Kugirango abigereho ,yiyemeza gutatira abavandimwe,yitabaza Nsibura Nyebunga umwami w’Umushi wari umaze kwigarurira Ijwi.Ndahiro Cyamatare ,yagize amakenga akomeye cyane ,ahita afata Igikomangoma NDOLI wagombaga gusimbura se ku ngoma amuhungishiriza kwa Nyirasenge NYABUNYANA wabaga I Karagwe .Kugirango hato umuryango we utazashira ,u Rwanda rukabura Umwami. Nsibura Nyebunga atera uRwanda rwa Ndahiro Cyamatare, urugamba rw’injyanamuntu rwabereye muri Komini Kibilira ( ubu ni mu Karere ka Ngororero ) Ndahiro II Cyamatare arugwamo ahitwa Rugarama ,yambutse umugezi wa Kibilira,Ingoma –Ngabe Rwoga ababisha barayinyaga .Ubwo u Rwanda rwasaga n’urugiye kuzima ,ruzize amacakubiri yo kurwanira Ingoma . Mu gihe u Rwanda rwari rugeze aharindimuka ,uwitwa KAVUNA KARYANKUNA yemeye kwitangira igihugu ,agenda ararika abantu b’ingenzi bari hirya no hino bamufasha kujya gushaka uwakura uRwanda ahabi.Aza kugera iKaragwe ,atekerereza Ndoli aho abundiye (Guhunga k’umwami byitwa kubunda ) uko u Rwanda rwononekaye,amubwira ko hari abiteguye kumwakira.Ubwo Ndoli yarabundutse (guhunguka k’Umwami ) yambuka Akagera,ariko asiga abwiye Abasare ngo ntibambutse Kavuna wari wasigaye inyuma.Ni naho havuye Insigamigani ngo :”Yarushye uwa Kavuna “Kuko yaruhiye igihugu ,ariko Ndoli amuhemukira atyo.Ndoli araza yima ingoma y’ I Rwanda ,afata izina rya Ruganzu II Ndoli. Ibitero bya Ruganzu II Ndoli RUGANZU II NDOLI, abundutse akigera i Rwanda, yahise akomeza ingoma ye y’ubwami.Ku Ngoma ye yihutiye kwihimura ku bihugu byazengereje u Rwanda kugeza ubwo bibundishije umwami warwo.Ndoli yabaye umwami w’ikirangirire mu mateka y’ u Rwanda, akaba ari nawe Mwami wa mbere watangiye kugaba ibitero byinshi byo kwagura igihugu. Ruganzu yari afite ingabo zitwa « IBISUMIZI »Wari umutwe w’ingabo ze, zari intwari zikabije kurwana, ku buryo Ruganzu yigaruriye amahugu abikesha Ibisumizi.Dore Itonde ry’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe Ruganzu Ndoli yigaruriye : 4.1. Igitero cyatsinze u Bunyabungo Igitero cya mbere cya Ndoli yakigabye mu Buyabungo bwa Ntsibura Nyebuga (Bukavu y’ubu) wapfakaje u Rwanda ku ngoma ya Se Ndahiro Cyamatare .Intego ya Ruganzu yari iyo guhashya U Bunyabungo akabugusha ruhabo.Ahera ku mpugu z’umweya w’i Kivu uteganye n’Ijwi nyuma naryo ararinesha.Icyo gihe yica Nsibura Nyebunga umwami w’u Bunyabungo yihimura atyo. 4.2. Igitero cyatsinze u Bugara Ruganzu Ndoli arakomeza atera NZIRA YA MURAMIRA Umwami w’u Bugara wari waratabaye Nsibura atera Ndahiro, nibwo amucuze inkumbi Abasizi bamuririmba bamwita Cyambara-Ntama, cyigaruriye u Bugara. Ingoma ya BUGARA yategekwaga n’Abami b’Abacyaba,Icyo gihe anyaga Ingabe yabo RUGARA Ingoma ya BUGARA yategekwaga n’Abami b’Abacyaba.Icyo gihugu kikabumba ibihugu bikikije ibiyaga bya Burera na Ruhondo (Komini Ruhondo na Cyeru byo mu Ruhengeri ).Ubu ni mu Karere ka Burera.Kigashora muri Mukungwa na Base (muri Komini Kigombe,Nyakinama na Nyamutera ).Ubu ni mu Karere ka Musanze.Kikarenguka mu Ndorwa y’u Bushengero no mu Bufumbira.Muri utwo turere harimo akagiye mu Gihugu cy’Ubugande. 4.3. Igitero cyatsinze u Buhoma Ruganzu Ndoli ntiyigeze agoheka na mba ! yarakomeje atera ibihugu bituranye n’u Bugara yari amaze kwigarurira.Ntiyatingiganyije ahera ku Ngoma y’u Buhoma Abami b’icyo gihugu ni Ababanda b’Abahinza. Babarizwaga muri Komini Nyamutera ho mu Ruhengeri (ubu ni mu Karere ka Gakenke).Ako gahugu ntikanamugoye kuk kari na gato cyane,icyo gihe agahindura umusaka ,anyaga inka ,abagore n’abana. Ingoma –ngabe yabo NKANDAGIYABAGOME ,arayinyaga. Ingoma y’u Buhoma izima ityo 4.4. Igitero cyatsinze u Bukonya Ruganzu Ndoli arakomeza atera n’u Bukonya .Abami b’icyo gihugu ni Ababanda.Babarizwaga muri Komini Gatonde ho mu Ruhengeri (ubu ni mu Karere ka Gakenke) ari naho hari umurwa mukuru wabo.Aho ho hakaba harabaye isibaniro kubera ko Ingabo z’u Buhoma zari zahungiye muri icyo gihugu, zifasha iza Bukonya .Ingabo za Ndoli ziranga zirabahashya, igihugu gihinduka amatongo. Ingoma –ngabe zabo RUBUGA na RUVUGAMAHAME nazo barazinyaga .Ingoma y’u Bukonya izima ityo. 4.5. Indunduro y’ Ingoma ya Kibali Ubusanzwe Ingoma ya Kibali yabarizwaga muri Komini Nyarutovu ho mu Ruhengeri (ubu ni mu Karere ka Gakenke) umurwa mukuru wabo wari I Gihinga cya Nyarutovu .Umwami w’Ingoma ya Kibali, GAKERI ka MUKEMBA amaze kumva ko Ruganzu Ndoli yazengereje ibihugu by’ibituranyi, we yiyemeje kwitanga kuko igihugu cye cyari gito gifite n’amaboko make ku buryo kitari guhangana n’Inkuke nka Ndoli.Ikindi yashakaga kurwanho ni abaturage b’igihugu cye ,kugirango badatwarwaho iminyago ,bakazagirwa abacakara imyaka myinshi,kuko we byagaragaraga ko amaze gusaza. Icyo gihe yize ubucakura bwo gusanganira Ruganzu azanye n’Ingabo ze, ahita amugaragariza ko aje kumufasha gutsinda Ingoma y’u Bukonya.Urugamba rwararemye koko Ingoma y’u Bukonya iratsindwa. Ibyo gutsinda u Bukonya birangiye ,Gakeri ka Mukemba umwami wa Kibali yigira inama y’ingenzi,asaba Ruganzu Ndoli umwami w’u Rwanda ko bagirana imimaro ,icyo gihe Ruganzu ntiyazuyaza arabyemera.Gakeli ka Mukemba agiye gutanga ,yatanze itegeko -hame ko Umuhungu we MUTAJABUKWA wari ugiye kumusimbura ku Ngoma ,agomba kuyoboka Ruganzu ,nta yandi mananiza.Mutajabukwa nawe yumvira inama za se agira amakenga cyane kuko nawe yari mu ngabo zashyize mu bikorwa amayeri ya Se yo kujya gufasha Ruganzu gutsinda Abakonya,nuko ayoboka Ruganzu,nawe amuha Ubutware bwo gutwara Kibari yose ,areka icyubahiro cy’u bwami.Ingoma ya Kibali nayo isenyuka ityo. Inkurikizi yabayeho ,nuko Abanyakibali bose bishimiye ubutegetsi bwa Ruganzu,nabo babuyoboka bivuye inyuma,kuko Umwami wabo yari yabibakanguriye. MUTAJABUKWA nawe acengera ubutegetsi bwa Ruganzu cyane ku buryo yabaye inkoramutima ye yo mu Rwego rwo hejuru.KuNgoma zakurikiyeho Umwuzukuru wa Ruganzu Ndoli ariwe Kigeli II Nyamuheshera, yabagororeye ko Abakobwa babo (ABEGAKAZI ) aribo bagomba kuzajya bavamo Abagabekazi.Iryo tegeko rirahama kugeza ku ndunduro y’I ngoma ya cyami. 4.6. Igitero cyatsinze u Bunyambilili Ruganzu Ndoli ntiyagohetse yigarurira u Bunyambiriri bwa GISURERE cy’i Suti ho muri Komini Musange muri Superefegitura ya Kaduha (mu Karere ka Gisagara) Ingoma y’u Bunyambiriri nayo yari iy’Abarenge bo mu muryango w’Abahima bakomoka kuri Rurenge sekuruza wabo, bakaba bari abo mu bwoko bw’Abasinga. Ubwami bw’u Bunyambiriri bwari buherereye muri Komini Musebeya, Muko na Karambo byo ku Gikongoro (Mu Karere ka Nyamagabe) Ndetse no mu Karere k’Itabire ho ku Kibuye (ubuni mu karere ka Karongi). Amaze gutsinda u Bunyamblili agerekaho n’u Bwanamukari bwo muri Butare ,yica Nyakarashi w’i Zivu ho muri Komini Shyanda( ubu ni mu Karere ka Gisagara ) yica na Mpandahande w’i Ruhande ahubatse Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda,arakomeza atera Nyaruzi Umwami w’i Burwi amutsinda mu Mukindo wa Makwaza ho muri Komini Kibayi (ubu ni mu Karere ka Gisagagara ). Ingoma-Ngabe yabo “NKUNZURWANDA » barayinyaga, Ingoma y’Abarenge izima ityo. 4.7. Igitero cyatsinze u Bugoyi Ruganzu Ndoli ntiyanyurwa, yogoga imanga n’impinga z’u Rutsiro, yigarurira u Bugoyi, Abami b’icyo gihugu bari Ababanda.Babarizwaga muri Komini Kanama na Cyanzarwe ho muri Gisenyi (ubu ni mu Karere ka Rubavu). Icyo NYAMWISHYURA. Icyo gihe anyaga Ingoma-ngabe yabo NYAMWISHYURA. Ingoma y’u Bugoyi nayo izima ityo. 4.8. Igitero cyatsinze u Bwishaza Ruganzu Ndoli agaba igitero simusiga atera Budaha n’u Bwishaza bw’Abahima bakomoka kuri Rurenge sekuruza w’Ingoma yabo .Abami b’icyo gihugu bari Abasinga. Nibo baba baradukanye amasuka n’inyundo .Bari bafite imitarimba bafukuzaga amariba y’inka zabo .Amariba maremare yo mu Rwanda rwo hambere nibo bayafukuye. Bakunze kuvuga ko Ingoma y’Ubudaha n’Ubwishaza yari nini cyane,igizwe na Perefegitura ya Gisenyi na Kibuye (mu Turere twa Nyabihu,Rutsiro,Karongi, na Ngororero) Mu zindi ntara twavuga,izo muri Cyangugu arizo BIRU (Komini Gafunzo na Cyimbogo )mu karere ka Nyamasheke,CYESHA (Komini kirambo ) mu karere ka Karongi.Mu majyaruguru ,hari BWITO,BYAHI ,na KARUMONGI muri KONGO.Icyo gihe Ndoli yica JENI RYA RURENGE Umwami waho ,anyaga ingabe yabo MPATSIBIHUGU. Ntiyatuza, arenga Ibirunga yigarurira u Bufumbira bw’u Bugara. ibyo bikaba ibigwi bya Ruganzu , agatsinda izina niryo muntu ! Igitero kigaruriye u Bungwe Igihugu cy’u Bungwe cyategekwaga n’Abenengwe.U Bungwe cyari igihugu kibumbye u BUSANZA bw’amajyepfo (Komini Maraba,Mbazi ,Ruhashya,Shyanda zo muri Perefegitura ya Butare).ubu akaba ari mu Karere ka Huye.U BUFUNDU (Komini Kinyamakara,Nyamagabe,Mudasomwa na Karama zo muri Perefegitura ya Gikongoro).Ubu akaba ari mu Karere Ka Nyamagabe.Ingoma yabo yageraga n’I NYARUGURU (Komini Runyinya na Gishamvu zo muri Butare naMubuga na Rwamiko zo muri Gikongoro ).ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyaruguru.Yageraga kandi n’aho bitaga BASHUMBA-NYAKARE (Komini Kigembe na Nyakizu byo muri Butare ).Ubu ni mu Karere ka Gisagara.N’intara y’ u BUYENZI (komini Nshiri na Kivu zo muri Gikongoro ).Ubu naho ni mu Karere ka Nyamagabe. Umwami wariho ubwo Ingoma Nyiginya y’ I Gasabo yadukaga yitwaga RWAMBA.Akaba yari atuye muri Nyakizu ni ukuvuga mu Karere ka Gisagara.Undi Mwenengwe wategekaga igihugu cye kugeza gitsindwa n’ingoma Nyiginya ni SAMUKENDE, umugabo wa NYAGAKECURU wo mu Bisi bya Huye Igitero kibasiye Ingoma y’u Bungwe cyagabwe na MUTARA I NSORO II SEMUGESHI I (Muyenzi) wimye I Gasabo ahasaga mu w’1543 kugeza mu w’1576,wari Umwana w’ ikinege wa Ruganzu II Ndoli, nuko yica umwami waho RUBUGA RWA SAMUKENDE, bica na nyina BENGINZAGE ariwe “Nyagakecuru “Banyaga n’Ingabe yabo “NYAMIBANDE”, basanze yararaye bayitera urwuma bakurizaho no kuyita “RWUMA”.Nuko ingoma y’Abenengwe izima ityo. Ibitero bya Kigeli II Nyamuheshera KIGELI II NYAMUHESHERA niwe Mwami wasimbuye se Mutara Semugeshi ku ngoma, akaba yarimye ingoma ahasaga mu w’1576 kugeza mu w’1609.Nyamuheshera azwiho amateka menshi yuko ariwe wasizeho amahame n’umurongo ngenderwaho w’iyimika-Bami n’Abagabekazi babo, anashyiraho n’amahame y’ubiru abandi bami bamubanjirije batigeze bagenderaho.Dore itonde ry’ibihugu Nyamuheshera yigaruriye. 6.1. Igitero cyatsinze u Bukunzi Kigeli II Nyamuheshera amaze kwima ingoma ya se Semugeshi ,yabanje gushimangira ubutegetsi bwe mu bighugu se yigaruriye ,cyane cyane igihugu cy’u Bungwe.Nyuma yaho nibwo afashe icyemezo cyo gutera ibihugu byari ku nkiko z’u Bungwe ,U Bukunzi aba ariwo aheraho.Ubusanzwe Ingoma y’ u Bukunzi nayo yari iy’Abarenge bo mu muryango w’Abahima bakomoka kuri Rurenge sekuruza wabo, bakaba bari abo mu bwoko bw’Abasinga. Ubwami bwa Bukunzi bwari buherereye muri Perefegitura ya CYANGUGU muri Komini ya Karengera na Nyakabuye (mu Karere ka Nyamasheke ).Ingoma –Ngabe yabo yari “NYAMUGANZA “Nyamuheshera amaze gutera igitero cyo kwigarurira u Bukunzi ,yarahatsinse ariko ntiyahatwara burundu ,ahubwo abaha ubwigenge bucagase,ni ukuvuga ko bakomeje kugengwa n’umwami wabo ,ariko igice kimwe cy’amakoro y’ I Bwami kikajya I Rwanda bakomeza kujya bamusororera.Abami b’icyo gihugu bari abavubyi bakavubira imvura u Bukunzi n’ u Rwanda.Abami bakurikiye Nyamuheshera nabo ntibagira icyo babikoraho babirekera uko . Abadage bageze mu Rwanda byarabatangaje, bituma baguyaguya umwami w’u Bukunzi NDAGANO RUHAGATA ngo yegukire umwami w’ u Rwanda burundu agerageze kumugandukira, ariko biranga,kugeza naho boherejeyo abasirikaree birananirana kugeza igihe apfiriye urw’ikirago mu w’1923.Ababirigi nabo basanze aruko bimeze,bo bahisemo kohereza igitero cy’abasirikare mu w’1924 na 1925. NGOGA BIHIGIMONDO, Umwami wa nyuma wa Bukunzi bamushyize muri gereza kuva mu w’1923 kugeza mu w’1925.Muri uwo mwaka nibwo yaguye mu buroko, maze Ababiligi begurira u Bukunzi Abami b’u Rwanda.Nibwo bahagabira uwitwa RWAGATARAKA aba Umutware waho.Ingoma ya Bukunzi izima ityo. 6.2. Igitero cyatsinze u Busozo Ingoma ya Busozo nayo yari iy’Abarenge bo mu muryango w’Abahima bakomoka kuri Rurenge sekuruza wabo, bakaba bari abo mu bwoko bw’Abasinga. Igihugu cya Busozo nacyo cyari muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu muri Komini Nyakabuye (Agace gato ko mu Karere ka Nyamasheke).Nabwo bigaruriwe na Kigeri III Nyamuheshera nabo abaha ubwigenge bucagase nk’uko yabigenje mu bwami bwa Bukunzi.Icyo gihugu nacyo cyari icy’Abavubyi, umwami uherutse w’u Busozo ni RUHINGA II.Yazunguye se NYUNDO watanze mu w’1904. U Busozo nabwo bwaje kwigarurirwa n’Ababiligi bakoresheje imbaraga za gisirikare mu bitero bagabye bikurikiranye n’ibya Bukunzi ,ni ukuvuga mu w’1925 kugeza mu w’1926.Ubwo RUHINGA ntibamwica kuko yitanze mu maboko yabo ,ahubwo bamucira ahandi,ubwami bwa Busozo nabwo babugabira Rwagataraka ngo abe umutware waho.Nguko uko ubwami bwa Busozo bwazimye burundu. 6.3. Igitero cyatsinze u Burera Kigeli II Nyamuheshera yakomeje gukaza umurego agaba n’ ibindi bitero ku nkiko z’u Rwanda .Muri icyo kibariro nibwo yagabye igitero yigarurira Ingoma y’ u Burera.Abami b’icyo gihugu bari Ababanda.Babarizwaga muri Komini Butaro ho mu Ruhengeri na Mutura ho muri Gisenyi (ubu ni mu Karere ka Burera). Ndetse n’igice gito kiri ku butaka bw’U Buganda mu Bufumbira. Ingoma-ngabe yabo BAZARUHABAZE ijyanwaho iminyago.Nyamuheshera niyigeze ashirwa, ahubwo yarakomeje yambuka imipaka agera n’inyuma y’ibirunga.Icyo gihe nibwo yigaruriye igihugu cy’u Bufumbira n’utundi duce turi inyuma y’ibirumnga .Ingoma y’u Burera izima ityo. 6.4. Igitero cyatsinze Rwankeli y’Abaguyane Kigeli II Nyamuheshera amaze gufata Ingoma y’u Burera ,yahise asubyamo atera n’ I ngoma y’ Ababanda bo mu Rwankeli y’Abaguyane. ni Ababanda.Babarizwaga muri Komini Kigombe na Kinigi ho mu Ruhengeri (ubu ni mu Karere ka Musanze).Icyo urugamba rwaho yarurwanya nk’uwitambukira ahatsinda ahatsinze Anyaga Ingoma –ngabe yabo NDAHAZE.Ingoma ya Rwankeli y’Abaguyane izima ityo 6.5. Igitero cyatsinze Rwankeri y’Abalindi Akimara gufata Rwankeli y’Abaguyane, Kigeli II Nyamuheshera yahise akomerezaho yinjira no mu gihugu cya Rwankeli y’Abarindi kuko byari byegeranye, Amateka akaba agaragaza ko kubera kwizihirwa ku rugamba kw’Ingabo za Ruganzu, batamenye igihe bambukiye inkiko z’ibyo bihugu.Gusa ngo icyo babonaga n’ingabo zivumbutse ahantu zifite amarere n’amavamuhira zije kubarwanya, nyuma batsinze urugamba, niho baje gusobanukirwa aho ayo maraso mashya yavaga. Nuko Ruganzu atsinda Ingoma ya Rwankeli y’Abalindi.Ingoma –ngabe yabo yitwaga KABUCE arayinyaga.Ingoma y’Ababanda bo mu Rwankeli nayo izima ityo.. Mu gusoza amateka ya Kigeli Nyamuheshera, twabamenyesha Ko, Abami bamukurikiye aribo: Mibambwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura wabayeho ahasaga mu w’1609 kugeza mu w’ 1642 na Yuhi III Mazimpaka wategetse guhera mu w’1642 kugeza mu w’1675 kimwe na Karemera Rwaka nk’Umwami w’inzibacyuho wategetse nyuma ya Mazimpaka , bose basimburanye ku ngoma ,nta gihugu kizwi bongereye ku Rwanda.Mazimpaka we akaba yarasize amateka yuko yari Umusizi,Umusinzi ,akaba n’Umusazi. Ibitero bya Cyilima II Rujugira CYILIMA II RUJUGIRA wategetse ahasaga mu w ‘1675 kugeza mu w’1708.Ku Ngoma ye yahuye n’urugamba rukomeye, u Burundi, u Bugesera, i Gisaka n’i Ndorwa, byibumbiye hamwe ngo byagirize u Rwanda.Icyo gihe yifashishije Rubanda ,yashoboye kwanamiza urwo rugamba maze ahigika u Burundi , atsinda i Gisaka n’u Bugesera.Kubera icyo gikorwa k’ikirenga yakoze cyo kurwanya Ibihugu bine bikomeye akabitsinda,niho havuye imvugo igira iti « u Rwanda ruratera ntiruterwa ».Dore uko ibitero byo ku Ngoma ye byagenze. 7.1. Igitero cyigaruriye Ingoma y’I Ndorwa Cyilima Rujugira amaze gutsinda intambara y’ urufatanye yari yahuruje, u Burundi, u Bugesera,i Gisaka n’i Ndorwa,agatsinda u Burundi,u Bugesera n’i Gisaka,byamuteye akanyabugabo ko kurushaho kwiha intego yo gutinda i Ngoma y’i Ndorwa. Igihugu cyo mu Ndorwa cyari icy ‘Abashambo bakomokaga kuri Mushambo wa Kanyandorwa I Sabugabo.Babarizwaga muuri Komini Giti, Rutare, Muhura, Muvumba ho muri Byumba.Ni ukuvuga ayo makomini n’uduce tw’Umutara twose turi mu majyaruguru y’ u Rwanda kugeza ku mupaka warwo n’igihugu cy’ Ubugande.(ubu ni mu Turere twa Gatsibo na Nyagatare) Babarizawaga na none muri Komini Kivuye ,Cyumba ,Cyungo ho muri Byumba (Ubu ni mu Karere ka Gicumbi). Kubera urugamba yari amaze gutsinda rukomeye rw’ibyo bihugu, yahise yoherezaga umuhungu we w’Igikomangoma NDABARASA gutera Ndorwa .Ndabarasa ntiyatindiganyije aba acuze inkumbi MUSHAMBO GAHAYA I MUZORA umwami w’ I Ndorwa.Icyo gihe bigarurira ingabe yabo MURORWA.Ubwami bwa Ndorwa butangira kuyoboka u Rwanda n’impugu zayo zirimo Mpororo (ho mu Bugande), Umutara n’Umubari, Abashambo baho baba isanga n’ingoyi n’Abanyiginya b’I Gasabo.Ingoma Ndorwa izima ityo. Ikindi cyabaye ku Ngoma ya Cyilima Rujugira, nuko u Bugesera bwongeye gutera u Rwanda ahasaga mu w’1700, Intambara irarema , urugamba rurakomera .Rujugira Ingabo z’u Bugesera zimukubita umwambi yambuka Kigali ya Bwanacyambwe ,agwa I NTORA( hariya hubatse isoko ry ‘imbaho ku Gisozi ),arimo azamuka ajya mu rugo rwe rwari ruhubatse .Kubera ko Rujugira yatangiye kuri uwo musozi wa NTORA ,byatumye awuvuma awita GISOZI ,byo kuvuga “ Igisozi kibi cyaguyeho Umwami”.Arongera asubyamo awuvuma agira ati “ Gisozi ,Amata make ,amagambo menshi “. Iyo mvugo yo kuhita Gisozi irahama na bugingo n’ubu.Nubwo urwo rugamba rwabaye injyanamuntu rugatuma n’Umwami atanga,Ingabo z’u Rwanda zararutsinze.Icyo gihe ingabo z’u Bugesera barazihashya bazambutsa Nyabarongo.Kuko Ndabarasa Umuhungu wa Rujugira yari amenyereye imirwano byo mu rwego rwo hejuru.Kubera ko Ingabo z’u Rwanda zatsinze urwo rugamba biziruhije cyane,byatumye zidakomeza gukurikirana Ingabo z’u Bugesera zoimaze kwambuka Nyabarongo barazihorera ,muri icyo kibariro ntabwo u Bugesera bwongeye kwigerezaho ngo butere u Rwanda. Ibitero bya Kigeli III Ndabarasa Cyilima Rujugira ,amaze gutanga ,yasimbuwe n’umuhungu we KIGERI III NDABARASA,ni ukuvuga ahasaga mu w’1708 kugeza mu w’1741.Ndabarasa ntabwo gutegeka byamugoye cyane ,kuko yari yarabyitoje cyane ,akimara kugimbuka .Kuko n’ubundi yari azi ko azasimbura se ku Ngoma, nk ‘uko amabanga y’Ubwiru yari ari.Aha twakwibukiranya ko ariwe ,wateye igitero kigaruriye Ndorwa y’Abashambo n’ Ingabe yaho Murorwa.Ndabarasa akimara kwima Ingoma ya se ,yihutiye gushimangira ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda mu Ndorwa, ibisigisigi by’Abashambo bari bigometse igihe bumvaga ko u Bugesera bwongeye gutera u Rwanda ,aragena abikuraho Ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda bushimangirwa butyo mu Ndorwa. 8.1. Igitero cyigaruriye Ingoma y’ u Rweya (Mubali) Muri icyo kibariro, hari akarere kamwe k’I Ndorwa kari karayiyomoyeho karema Ingoma yako ,ako gace niko kitwaga “MUBARI “ ariko kari kagize Ingoma y’ u RWEYA.Icyo gihugu cyategekwaga n’Abami b’Abazigaba baje baturutse mu ntara z’ikiyaga cya Vigitoriya, bityo hakaba hari ahandi hatuye abazigaba benshi nk’I Karagwe muri Tanzaniya.Umwami wategekaga Abazigaba mu mwaduko w’ingoma Nyiginya yari KABEJA, umwami wo mu RWEYA (Mubari: Komini Ngarama).Ubu ni mu Karere ka Gatsibo. Ndabarasa nako yafashe umugambi wo kukigarurira akoresheje amayeri nk’ayo Mibambwe I Sekarongoro yakoresheje atsinda Mashira Umwami w’ iNduga.Yabanje gushyingira Umukobwa we NYABUGONDO,Umwami w’u Mubari ariwe BIYORO .Icyo gihe amutera ari ku manywa y’ihangu ari kumwe n’ingabo ze zikoreye inzoga mu Ntango nyinshi ,n’amaturo atagira ingano ,bitwaje ngo aje gutura umukwe we.Igihe ibirori bya byizihiye ,bigeze I gati , nibwo Ndabarasa yeguye icumu rye aritanganika nk’ugiye kwivuga ,aba aritikuye Biyoro mu Gituza. Ingabo za Ndabarasa nazo zari ku Karubanda zanyoye zahaze zirimo guhiga uko ziri butsinde urugamba,abandi bakagirango nuko zasinze .Icyo gihe hahise humvikana umuborogo ,ibyari ibirori bihinduka induru.Ingabo za Ndabarasa zishokana akavuyo nkizije gutabara ,ziroha mu Batware n’abandi bakomeye bari mu birori zirabica zirabamara.Ndabarasa atahana umukobwa we Nyabugondo amushyingira abandi .Anyaga Ingoma –Ngabe yabo SERA Ingoma y’Abazigaba bo mu Rweya ,izima ityo. Igitero cyigaruriye Ingoma y’u Bugesera Kigeli Ndabarasa amaze gutanga yasimbuwe n’ umuhungu we MIBAMBWE III MUTABAZI II SENTABYO, ni ukuvuga ahasaga mu w’1741 kugeza mu w’1746.Mutabazi Sentabyo yima Ingoma, u Rwanda rwari rusigaranye ibihugu bibiri bikomeye btari biruhangayikishije, ibyo bihugu ni U Bugesera n’i Gisaka cy’ Abazirankende.Akimara kwima Ingoma yihatiye gutera igihugu cy’u Bugesera. U Bugesera bwari igihugu cy’imigina n’ibishanga by’imifunzo n’ibiguhu biciyemo imigende n’ibinamba by’amasanzure y’Akanyaru n’Akagera.Abami btegekaga u Bugesera bari Abagesera. Cyari igihugu kirimo ikiyaga cya Mugesera ari naho iryo zina ryakomotse.Naho imfizi y’I Bwami yitwaga RUSHYA .Kikaba cyaritwaga u Bugesera bw ‘Abahondogo .Igihugu cy’u Bugesera kigizwe na komini Kanzenze, Ngenda na Gashora ho muri Kigali (ubu ni mu Karere ka Bugesera). Nuko Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo yiyemeza gutera Igihugu cy’u Bugesera cyari gituwe n’Abahondogo , icyo gihe yica Umwami waho NSORO IV NYAMUGETA,anyaga n’ Ingabe yaho RUKOMBAMAZI.Kubera ko intambara yo kwigarurira u Bugesera yashojwe na Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo ,yabaye icyorezo cyane hapfuye Abahondogo benshi,Abahondogo nyabo basigaye mu Rwanda ni mbarwa.Icyo twabibutsa aha, nuko mu itsinwa ry’u Bugesera ,hari igice cyagiye ku Burundi.Ingoma y’Abahondogo iganzwa ityo. Ibitero cyo ku Ngoma ya Yuhi IV Gahindiro YUHI IV GAHINDIRO yabaye Umwami w’igitangaza wamamaye cyane mu kwimakaza amahoro n’ubwisanzure ,haba mu Rwanda ,no mu Ku ngoma ya YUHI IV GAHINDIRO ,nta bitero byinshi u Rwanda rwigeze rugaba mu Mahanga,usibye ko barwanyije Abashiru nabwo aruko babendereje ,u Rwanda rugakurizamo no kuhatsinda rukahigarurira.Icyo gihe rufatiraho no gutsinda u Bwami bwa BUGAMBA-KIGAMBA n’Ingoma ya KINGOGO.Ikivugwa ku ngoma ye nuko nta muntu yigeze yica, nkuo ihame rya Cyami ryari iryo kwica no gukiza.Reka turebere hamwe uko ibyo bitero byagenze 10.1. Igitero cyigaruriye Ingoma y’ u Bushiru Ku ngoma ya YUHI IV GAHINDIRO yateye igitero kimwe rukumbi ariko ari icy’ibihugu bitatu byari byifatanyije ngo byagirize u Rwanda.Icyo gitero nicyo kigaruriye Ubwami bw’ u Bushiru bwategekwaga n’Abami b’Abagesera,ingoma-ngabe yabo NKUNDABASHIRU nayo barayitsemba ntiyongera kuvugwa ukundi.Aho bari batuye habarizwa muri komini Karago (Mu Karere ka Nyabihu ).Ubundi amateka akaba agaragaza ko inkomoko yabo ari iyo mu Bagesera b’Abazirakende bo mu Gisaka. Igihugu cy’u Bushiru cyari igihugu gikaze cyane nubwo cyari gito cyarangwaga n’imirwano ikaze y’ibihe byose .Umwami w’ u Rwanda wahigaruriye YUHI IV GAHINDIRO, nta rugo na rumwe yahashyize, n’abo yohereje kumuhagararira nabo nta wigeze ahatura kuko bahatinyaga cyane kubera ubugome bwabo buvanze n’uburozi bukaze. U Rwanda rumaze kwadukwamo n’Abazungu, mu mwaka w’1924, Ababiligi niho bategetse Nyangezi kujya kubatwarira u Bushiru we na Musinga babwomekaho U Bwanamwali.Ingoma –Ngabe RUGORUHINDINGOMA y’u Bwanamwali na NKUNDABASHIRU y’ u Bushiru zizima zityo. 10.2. Igitero cyigaruriye Ingoma ya Bugamba -Kigamba Ubusanzwe Igihugu cya Bugamba -Kigamba cyari icy’ Abagesera b’Abahinza. Babarizwaga muri Komini Kibirira ho muri Gisenyi (ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyabihu).Ingoma –ngabe yabo ikitwa KAYENZI, nyuma yaho yaje kuba IRAVUMERA ku Ngoma ya NKWAKUZI I RUVUGAMAKE ,ari nawe Mwami wa nyuma w’icyo gihugu. Bitewe nuko Ubwami bw’u Bushiru bwari buturanye neza n’ubwa Bugamba-Kigamba, Umwami w’icyo gihugu yagiye gufasha u Bushiru gutera u Rwanda,aha birumvikana ko Gahindiro yagombaga kurwana yatsinda igihugu kimwe n’ikindi kikaba gitsinzwe .Koko rere niko yabigenje.Icyo gihe Umwami w’icyo gihugu Nkwakuzi I Ruvugamake niwe wivuganywe n’Ingabo za Gahindiro rugikubita.Aho Gahindiro amaroye gufata u Bushiru,anyaga IRAVUMERA Ingoma –Ngabe ya Bugamba –Kigamba .Ingoma y’icyo gihugu izima ityo. 10.3. Igitero cyigaruriye Ingoma ya Kingogo Ingoma ya Kingogo yabarizwaga muri komini Satinsyi na Gaseke ho muri Gisenyi (ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyabihu) . Umurwa mukuru wabo wari I Hindiro na Kabuye muri Satinsyi.Abami b’aho bakaba bari Abazigaba b’Abahinza. Igitero cyahashije Ubwami bwa Kingogo ni kimwe n’icyafashe Ingoma y’u Bushiru n’iya Bugamba-Kigamba .Kuko Nkuko twabibonye mu gitero u Bushiru bwagabye mu Rwanda ,bwari bwifatanyije n’Ingabo z’ubwami bwa Kingogo n’ubwa Bugamba- Kigamba .Icyo gihe amaze gufata izo ngoma zombi ,yahise akomerezaho afata n’ubwami bwa Kingogo.Anyaga Ingoma –ngabe yabo SIMUGOMWA.Ingoma ya Kingogo izima ityo. Igitero cyigaruriye Ingoma y’I Gisaka Ubusanzwe I Gisaka cyari icy’Abazirankende cyarimo impugu eshatu: MIGONGO y’iburasirazuba (Komini Rukira na Rusumo ho muri Kibungo) Ubu ni mu Karere ka Kirehe.GIHUNYA rwagati (komini Kigarama, Kabarondo na Birenga ho Muri Kibungo) ubu ni mu Karere ka Kayonza na Ngoma, MIRENGE y’ iburengerazuba (Komini Sake na Mugesera ho muri Kibungo) .ubu ni mu Karere ka Ngoma. Igitero kigaruriye Ingoma y’i Gisaka cyagabwe na MUTARA II RWOGERA, wategetse ahasaga mu w’1830 kugeza mu w’1853. Abami b’icyo gihugu bari Abagesera. Umwami uzwi cyane mu mateka y’I Gisaka n’uwitwa RUGEYO ZIGAMA.Ariko amaze gutanga abahungu be MUSHONGORE NA NTAMWETE basubiranyemo barwanira ingoma.Mushongore yitabaza umwami w’u Rwanda Mutara II Rwogera,Ntamwete Rwogera amucura inkumbi aramwica yigarurira atyo I Gisaka.Yigarurira n’ Ingoma –Ngabe yaho RUKURURA.U Rwanda ruba rutsinze igitego cyo kwigarurira ibihugu bikomeye byari bituranye narwo aribyo :u Bugesera,Nduga,Ndorwa n’I Gisaka.Icyo gitero cyabaye mu Ndunduro y’Ingoma ya Rwogera ahasaga mu w’1850 ,icyo yanongeyeho ku Rwanda igice gito cy’ubataka bwa Kalagwe. Ingoma y’Abazirankende yari yarazengereje u Rwanda imyaka myinshi izima ityo. Rwogera kandi yabashije gukumira igitero u Burundi bwari bwagabye mu mvejuru,mu gitero bise “Igitero cya Rwategana “.Ibyo akaba aribyo bigwi by’Umwami Mutara III Rwogera wajengereje I Gisaka ,kugeza ubwo akigaruriye. Ingoma ya Kigeli IV Rwabugili Mutara Rwogera yasimbuwe ku Ngoma n’Umuhungu we KIGELI IV RWABUGILI, amateka akaba agaragza ko Rwogera yari yaramubyaranye n’umugore wa mukuru we Nkoronko. Uwo mwami yimye akiri muto (hagati y’imyaka irindwi n’icumi) ni yo mpamvu ibitero by’ibanze ari nyina Nyirakigeri Murorunkwere wabiyoboraga. Ku ngoma ye habaye ibitero byinshi, ahanini byari bigamije guhamya ubutegetsi ahari haraguwe vuba, dore ingero : Ijwi, Ndorwa, Gisaka. Ikindi ibyo bitero byari bigamije ni ukwagura u Rwanda no kunyaga inka n’abaja. Bimwe mu by’ingenzi biranga ingoma ye ni ibi : gukaza intambara zo kurengera no kwagura u Rwanda (yakundaga intambara, ku buryo mu bisingizo bye harimo icy’”Inkotanyi cyane” na “Rukayababisha”, gutunganya ubutegetsi bw’igihugu : imirwa hirya no hino, kudatinya kwica abakomeye kabone n’aho baba ari ibikomangoma nka Nkoronko, kwegera rubanda akabatoramo abatware b’abatoni no kugabira intwari iminyago). Ku Ngoma ya Kigeli Rwabugili ,ari nawe basingizaga ‘’INKOTANYI CYANE na ‘’ RUKAYABABISHA”,habaye ibitero byinshi bigamije ahanini guhamya ubutegetsi ahari higaruriwe vuba.Twavuga nko ku Ijwi,Ndorwa na Gisaka.Ntiyatinyaga kwica n’abakomeye ,kabone naho baba ari ibikomangoma nka se wabo Nkoronko.Ingoma ye yaranzwe no kwegera rubandaakabatoramo abatware n’abatoni ,akanagabira Intwari iminyago. Rwabugili yagerageje gutera ibihugu byo hakurya y’I Kivu no ku kirwa cy’Ijwi.Aha tukaba tugiye kurebera hamwe uko Uwo mwami w’Igihangange yazengereje amahanga n’imikorere ye mu igaba-bitero. 12.1. Ibitero Kigeli Rwabugili yagabye mu mahanga Rwabugili amaze gushyira umurwa we Sakara ho mu Gisaka, « Rukurura » Ingabe y’ i Gisaka niho yanyazwe igambaniwe n’umutware Kabaka ka Kayagiro .Ubwo rero i Gisaka cyegukira u Rwanda burundu. 12.1.1. Igitero cy’amazi Cyari kigamije gukangara i Ndorwa yari imaze kunyaga ubushyo bw’inka z’u Rwanda, muri zo zitwaga « Umuhozi ».Cyiswe igitero cy’amazi, ku mpamvu y’imvura y’urushyana yujuje imigezi igakuka ingabo zikabura aho zimenera. 12.1.2. Igitero cy’i Bumpaka Hafi ya Rwicanzige, Icyo gitero cyari kibasiye gucogoza ubukubaganyi bw’Igikomangoma cyo mu Ndorwa, cyiyitaga Rugaju, cyahigiraga kuyogoza u Rwanda .Ubwo icyo gitero gitsemba Ndorwa kirayihashya mpaka Rwicanzige. 12.1.3. Igitero cyo muri Lito Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zibasiye igikomangoma NKORONKO, zishinga ibirindiro ku nkiko y’u Burundi, zitera RUGIGANA umutware wo mu-Lito rya Ngaragu h’i Bururndi, byo kurengagiza. 12.1.4. Igitero cyo mu Butembo Iki gitero cyari icyo « Kumvisha » MUVUNYI wa Kalinda, Umwami w’u Buhunde wanyaze « Imisagara »yagishiye i Kamuronsi. 12.1.5. Igitero cyo ku Ijwi Ibitero byo ku Ijwi, byagabwaga mu mato y’indere aturira abantu 10, n’ay’inkuge aturira abarenze 20, « Icumbi » ikaba imisego begamira, cyangwa se intebe z’abasare bavugama .Iki gitero cyari kibasiye KABEGO Umwami wo ku Ijwi wishwe na Rwanyonga rwa Mugabwambere. 12.1.6. Igitero cya Gikore Ho mu Kigezi hafi ya Kabare (hagengwa n’ U Buganda ).Iki gitero cyahurujwe na NYIRIMIGABO ,kugirango yongere igihugu cy’Abagina .Ni nacyo cyazanye ubwoko bw’ibijumba biri mu Rwanda mbere yaho hari « Gafuma » gusa. 12.1.7. Igitero cyo ku Buntubuzindu Cyari kigamije kurwanya BYATERANA Umwami w’u Bunyabungo wari utuye ku Buntubuzindu.Ubwo Abashi banesha igitero cy’Abanyarwanda cyari kigizwe n’imitwe ibiri gusa.Abacitse ku icumu bagobokwa n’umurishyo w’ingoma zasukiye ku Nteko zigakanga Abanyabungo bagasubira bakavunura. 12.1.8. Igitero cyo ku Kanywiriri Hafi ya Muzimu hari igishanga cy’urufunzo cyari inkambi y’ingabo z’Abanyabungo.Icyo gitero cyari kigamije kwihimura .Abanyarwanda barwana inkundura, batwika urugerero rw’Abanyabungo, ariko isayo ntiyatuma bafata Kanywiriri .Kigeli ategeka guhagarika imirwano, ingabo zunamura icumu. 12.1. 9. Igitero cya 2 cyo ku Ijwi Kigeli yari yarigaruriye Ijwi ryaramuyobotse, Nkundiye waryo aza kurigandisha .Iki gitero cya Kabiri cyari kibasiye icyo kigande .NKUNDIYE amaze gushoberwa ingabo zimusatiriye aho yahungiye mu kirwa cy’i Shovu, yiroha mu Kivu Ijwi rirayoboka. 12.1.10. Igitero cy’i Bushubi Kibogora Umwami w’i Bushubi amaze gutanga, yasimbuwe na Nsoro.Rwabigimba umwe mu bavandimwe be atangiye kumurwanya, Nsoro yitabaza Kigeli Rwabugili.Kigeli aratabara, RWABIGIMBA araneshwa ahungira mu Bugufi bwari ubw’i Burundi muri ibyo bihe. 12.1.11. Igitero cyo ku Kidogoro Iki gitero cyagabwe na ahantu ho mu majyaruguru ya Bukavu ,ahagana mu bya Karehe.Ubwo Byaterana yari amaze gutanga ,asimbuwe na Rutaganda wari ukiri muto.Umugabekazi Mugeni Gahwijima ariwe ugenga igihugu .Ubwo igitero cy’Abanyarwanda cyasaga n’igisonga U Bunyabungo bwari bumaze kuzahazwa n’amapfa.Muri icyo « Kibariro » mu Rwanda hatera Muryamo ,Ubushita n’Imvunja. 12.1.12. Igitero cyo ku Rusozi Icyo gitero cyo ku Rusozi ariyo Bukavu y’ubu, cyari kigamije gufata mpiri Rutaganda n’Umugabekazi Mugeni Gahwijima, kikanyaga Ingabe y’UBunyabungo Karya-Mahugu, kugirango u Rwanda rwigarurire by’imvaho u Bunyabungo.Rutaganda na Nyina bari bahungiye ahantu ho muri Bishugi mu majyepfo y’UBunyabungo, kwa Katabirurwa.Igitero cyica Katabirurwa, gifata mpiri Umugabekazi, Rutaganda abagaragu be baramucikana. 12.1. 13. Igitero cy’Imigogo Imigogogo zari Ingabo za Ankole,rimwe baza guhengera Rwabugili Umwami w’u Rwanda yateye i kivu nawe atera u Rwanda anyaga Inyambo,Rwabugili abimenye nawe agabayo igitero. Icyo gitero cyari kibasiye Ntare IV Rwamigereka Umwami w’i Nkole wari wanyaze Inyambo z’i Rwanda, agatwika ingoro y’i Rutaraka hafi ya Nyagatare.Kigeli Rwabugili yari i Bunyabungo n’ingabo ze, nibwo avunuye atera i Nkole, yigarurira umurwa Mbarara, Rwamigereka yari yahunze, amenesha Imigogo y’Abanyankole, agarika Ingogo, imbunda zabo zahindutse ibifuma. 12.2. Amato ya Rwabugili n’ibitero byo ku Ijwi Kigeli Rwabugili, akimara kwima Ingoma, ntiyazuyaje, yatangiye kwambuka n’Inyanja ajya gutera ibihugu biri hakurya yayo , aho yahereye bwa mbere ni ku kirwa cy’’Ijwi . I Kivu ni inyanja ngari, Ijwi rikaba Ikirwa kirumbaraye mu Kivu rwagati,ku buryo umutembo ataturirira I Kivu I Nyamasheke ngo yomokere ku Ijwi atararohama.Ahangaha rero havuka amatsiko yo kumenya uko Rwabugili yateraga mu Bunyabungo yambukiranyije I Kivu n’Ingabo ze. ! Rwabugili yari yarakoranyije amato y’intambara yagombaga guhashya ibirwa byo mu Kivu no kwiganzura u Bunyabungo bwo hakurya y’iyo Nyanja.Amato y’intambara y’u Rwanda, yari agabwemo imitwe ine; itatu ya mbere igizwe n’ingabo zo ku Ijwi: Abajegezi batwarwaga na Mugenza Inkeramihigo zatwarwaga na Mbwana Ibidakurwa byatwarwaga na Gikerakenja Undi mutwe wari uremwe n’ingabo z’Abanyakinyaga: Abahurambuga batwaraga na Nyankiko Buri mutwe w’ingabo wabaga ufite amato y’intambara agera kuri Magana atatu (300).Hari n’amato y’Umwami n’ay’Abagaba yahoraga atsitse mu nsiko y’amashinji y’I Kinyaga .Mu bitero byo hakurya y’I Kivu,Umwami yarayahuruzaga akarema umutwe wa gatanu.Ayo mato y’indoha yari afite amazina yayo,tumenyeshwa na Musenyeri Alexis Kagame. 1. Nyirakabuga: “Inkundwakazi “Umusare wabwo yari Bigwira; bwaramvuwe na Mugenza mu Ryarusiga, ahantu hitwa mu Kigende ho mu Budaha; nibwo Rwabugili yagenderagamo .Bwari nk’inyumba ishakaje imihemba. 2.Igitsirombo :”Ubutoni “Bwavuye muri Cumbi,hejuru ya Mabanza ho mu Bwishaza,buramvuwe na Ruhangamugabo,umunyejwi wo kwa Tabaro ,wari utuye kuri Bizu. 3. Umuhozi:”Ubuhora “, bwaturutse mu Kanage buramvuwe na Ruhangamugabo. 4. Umudaheranwa:”Ubutaganzwa “Bwaramvuwe mu Kigamba ho mu Budaha 5. Umucyurabuhoro:”Ubutanga ishya n’ihirwe “, bwo kuri Cumbi, bwaramvuwe na Gikerakenja, wo mu Marambo. 6. Ndushabandi:”Ubwingenzi “, bwaturutse mu Cyiya ho mu ishyamba rya Rugege, buramvuwe na Bigwirabagabo wo ku Ishara. 7. Ngarukiyibirwa:”Ubuhoraburangamiye Ibirwa “, bwaramvuwe na Mugenza kuri Cumbi 8. Nyabiyonga:”Ubufubikwa impuzu y’ubutumba “,bwo ku Rwerere rw’I Bugoyi ,bwaramvuwe na Mpamira wo mu Nkaranka. 9. Intahakure:”Ubutebuka “,bwo ku Rwerere ,bwaramvuwe na Mpamira ,umusare wabwo yari Rubago. 10. Inyimura –Bahinza:”Ubutsema Abahinza “bwo mu Kigamba cy’ I Budaha, bwaramvuwe na Mugenza 11. Inyagirabahunde:”Ubuterabahunde “, bwo mu Kigamba, bwaramvuwe na Mugenza 12. Nyabihunika:”Ikigega nyamunini “bwari ubwa Nkundiye ya Kabego, bwo muri Nyamushishi, bwaramvuwe na Mugenza. 13. Kamarashavu:”Ubumaragahinda “, bwari ubwa Kabego. 14. Gisumbamagoyi: “Uburuta amagoyi “ , bwo muri Nyamushishi,bwaramvuwe na Gikerekenja. 15. Umudaharingoma:”Ubudahemukira ingoma:”bwo mu Kigamba, bwaramvuwe na Kamegeri wo kwa Bisangwa 16. Intaganzwa:”Ubudatsindwa ‘, bwa Magaja ya Murinzi wo mu Kinyaga, bwaturirwaga umutwe w’Intaganzwa za Nyirimigabo. 17. Ishyaka;”Ubuhorana ubutwari” bwo mu Kigamba, bwa Cyigenza cya Rwakagara .nibwo bwaturiraga Ingoma za Rwabugili. 18. Ntsinzishyaka:” Ubutsindabahizi “bwaramvuwe na Mpamira mu Bugoyi, nibwo Rwabugili yagendagamo n’umutoni we Bisangwa. 19. Imbabazi “Impuhwe “bwaramvuwe mu Budaha, bwari ubwa Kabare ka Rwakagara, bwaramvuywe na Ruhangamugabo. 20. Ijuru:”Ikirere “bwari ubwa Rwabilinda rwa Rwogera, bwaramvuwe na Bigwirabagabo mu Cyiya ( mu ishyamba rya Rugege ). 21. Umuhirika:”Ubunesha “bwo mu Cyiya, ubwa Rwatangabo rwa Nzigiye . 22. Imirishyo:”Ubuhimbaza nk’ingoma zisutse “bwaramvuwe mu Cyiya na Mukenga wa Sebuhura, bukaba ubwa Rutikanga rwa Nkuriyingoma umwiru mukuru w’umwimika 23. Umuhurambuga:’Ubuteramacumu “bwaramvuwe na Mukenga mu Cyiya, bwari ubwa Nyamugabo wa Kanywabahizi, Umutware w’Abakemba bo mu Kinyaga 24. Ngaruyamahugu:’Ubwigarurira impugu “, bwaramvuwe na Buhake bwa Ngizumuhe, buva I Gikundamvura ho mu Bukunzi, bukaba ubwa Rubuga rwa Senyamisange, Umugaba w’Abiru bo mu Kinyaga. 25. Inkongi:”Ikibatsi cy’umuriro “bwari ubwa Bayibayi ba Buki bwaramvuwe na Munyuzangabo, I Gikundamvura ho mu Bukunzi. 26. Inkotanyi:”Indwanyi “ bwari ubwa Mugugu wa Shumbusho, bwaramvuwe na Munyuzangabo I Gikundamvura . 27. Nsinzurugomo:”Ubuhashya ibigande “bwa Kamaka ka Gasindikira, bwaramvuwe na Gikerakenja , muri Nyamushishi ho ku Ijwi 28. Indimanyi: “Ubwasagura bugatsemba ‘ bwa Nyamugusha wa Rwata , bwaramvuwe I Gikundamvura. 29. Inyamamare :”Ubwogeye “ bwa Rutishereka rwa Sentama ,bwaramvuwe na Ntabwoba I Gikundamvura 30. Ngumira;’Ubusatira ababisha “ bwa Ntamati ya Gashagaza bwaramvuwe na Gikerakenja kuri Cumbi bo mu Budaha 31. Rutangira:”Ubudatsimburwa “ bwa Kanyonyomba ka Ndarwubatse bwaramvuwe na Rurangamugabo kuri Cumbi 32. Igikwiye:”Ubutinywa” bwa Rubanza rwa Yoboka bwaramvuwe na Ruhangamugabo kuri Cumbi. 34. Ishema:”Ubutazarira “bwa Rukaburacumu rwa Bitebuka , Inteba ya Nshozamihigo ya Rwabugili ,bwaramvuwe na Gikerakenja mu Kanage ,nobwo bwaturiraga Abashozamihigo (Ingabo za Nshozamihigo ) 35. Imaragishyika:”Ubutemba ubwuzu “bwa Baryinyonza ba Rwabugili , bwaramvuwe na Ruhangamugabo kuri Cumbi 36. Sindushwa:” Ubuganza “ bwa Sehene rya Rugombituri (Murumuna wa Bisangwa ) bwaramvuwe na Burunga mu Rwerere rw’I Bugoyi 37. Itanganika:”Amazi magari “ bwa Shankumba ya Nyamurwana ,bwaturutse ku Itambi butuwe na Kalimumvumba. 38. Inyanja: “Umuhengeli w’amazi magari ‘bwa Bisangwa bya Rugombituri, bwaravuwe na Burunga ku Rwerere .nibwo bwaturiraga inzoga za Rwabugili 39. Inyimbuzi |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/abanyeshuli-bacyera-bari-bazi-ibintu-twibukiranye-joriji | Abanyeshuli bacyera bari bazi ibintu kweli : Twibukiranye Joriji Baneti igice cya mbere ni cyakabili | Kera hariho umwana w’ikizeze, akitwa Joriji Baneti. Umunsi umwe, nyina amwohereza kumugurira inshinge ku isoko. Umwana aragenda, amaze kuzigura, agaruka azipfumbase mu gipfunsi. Ageze mu nzira, abona inyoni yafashwe n’umushibuka iruhande rw’ikirundo cy’ibyatsi byumye. Ariyamirira ati «yoo! Mbega inyoni nziza! Kereka nyifashe»! Agira za nshinge azishinga muri bya byatsi, yanga ko zimubuza gukoresha amaboko yombi. Amaze gufata ya nyoni agaruka gushaka inshinge muri bya byatsi. Atazibuze ga! Arashaka, arashakaaa… Aho mugabo abona rumwe, izindi arazibura! Bigeze aho, nk’aho yagatashye, aribwira ati «Mama ndamuzi, arantonganya ndetse arankubita. Reka nshire ubute nzishake, sinamukira!» Dore rero na we ngo yungutse ubwenge, ashinga ku byatsi abiha inkongi ngo aze gushakira inshinge mu ivu. Mbese ubwo yari kuzibona? Erega ntiyari ikizeze, yari akabije! Nuko amaze guheba, ataha yifashe mapfubyi. Nyina yumvise uko byagenze, ararakara, niko kumubwira ati «wa cyontazi we, imifungo ibiri y’ishinge ni yo wagombye gushinga mu kirundo cy’ibyatsi? . Wabaye wazitungaga ku kuboko kw’ishati ? Pu ! ! Dore enda jya gutyarisha iyi suka, cyangwa na yo uyite!» |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/perezida-kagame-yunamiye-intwari-z-igihugu | Perezida Kagame yunamiye intwari z’Igihugu | Kuri uyu munsi w’intwari z’u Rwanda, Perezida wa Repubulika Paul Kagame yunamiye intwari z’u Rwanda, ndetse ashyira indabo ku kimenyetso cy’ubutwari. Umukuru w’Igihugu Paul Kagame yageze ku gicumbi cy’intwari z’u Rwanda giherereye i Remera mu Mujyi wa Kigali ari kumwe n’abandi bayobozi mu nzego nkuru z’igihugu, habanza kuririmbwa indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu. Perezida wa Repubulika yunamiye intwari z’u Rwanda, anashyira indabo ku kimenyetso cy’ubutwari. Ukuriye abahagarariye ibihugu byabo mu Rwanda, akaba na Ambasaderi wa Repubulika ya Congo mu Rwanda, Guy Nestor Itoua nawe yunamiye intwari z’u Rwanda anashyira indabo ku kimenyetso cy’ubutwari mu izina rye n’abahagarariye ibihugu byabo mu Rwanda bose. Nyuma yo gushyira indabo ku kimenyetso cy’ubutwari hafashwe umunota wo kuzirikana intwari z’igihugu. Ku gicumbi cy’intwari kandi, imiryango y’izi ntwari z’u Rwanda nayo yazihaye icyubahiro. Indabo zabanje gushyirwa ku gicumbi cy’intwari ziri mu cyiciro cy’Imanzi ari zo Umusirikare utazwi izina, uyu ahagarariye abasirikare bose baguye ku rugamba barwanira ineza y’u Rwanda ndetse n’abazarugwaho. Muri iki kiciro harimo na Maj Gen Fred Gisa Rwigema. Indabo zanashyizwe ku gicumbi cy’intwari ziri mu cyiciro cy’Imena aha harimo Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, Rwagasana Michel, Uwilingiyimana Agathe, Niyitegeka Felicite n’Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange banze kwitandukanya ubwo baterwaga n’abacengezi mu 1997. Uwimbabazi Rose ni umukobwa wa Rwagasana Michel. We kimwe na bamwe mu bana b’i Nyange banze kwitandukanya bagaharanira ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda, bavuga ko kwibuka izi ntwari ari ikimeyetso n’isomo ku bakiri bato. Ati’’Aha tuba twazanye n’abana tugira ngo abadukomokaho bazabifate nk’ikimenyetso bakure bazi akamaro ko kuba intwari ko gukorera igihugu utizigamye ukaba wanagipfira, kandi tubona bitanga urugero rwiza mu babyiruka.’’ Sindayiheba Fanuel umwe mu ntwari z’i Nyange ati ’’Hari byinshi byakozwe yaba ari abariho ndetse n’abatabarutse rurasabwa kubirinda, icya kabiri urubyiruko rukwiye gukunda umurimo kubera ko niyo soko y’iterambere, ikindi nakwingingira urubyiruko kwirinda inzira z’ubusamo kuko iterambere, ubutwari buraharanirwa abantu biyuha akuya.’’ Umuyobozi w’urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe intwari z’igihugu, imidari n’impeta z’ishimwe Dr. Habumuremyi Pierre Damien asanga izi ntwari zibukwa hari icyo abanyarwanda bazigiraho. Ati ’’Abanyarwanda bose urubyiruko turamutse duteye ikirenge mu cy’izo ntwari, turizera ko twagera kuri byinshi twubaka u Rwanda rwiza, rukomeye uyu munsi ndetse n’ejo hazaza. ubutumwa ni ubwo iyo twibuka intwari z’igihugu kuba ari ukugira ngo abanyarwanda umuco w’ubutwari tuwishyiremo, tuwusakaze mu rubyiruko.’’ Umunsi w’intwari wizihizwa buri mwaka tariki ya 1 y’ukwezi kwa kabiri kuva mu 1999 kuko mbere yaho mu 1994 kugeza mu 1998 wizihizwaga tariki ya 1 y’ukwezi kwa 10 ugahuzwa n’umunsi wo gukunda igihugu.
MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/kigali-habereye-umuhango-wo-kwibuka-ku-nshuro-ya-75 | Kigali: Habereye umuhango wo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 75 jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi[ REBA AMAFOTO] | Ku rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali ruri ku Gisozi kuri uyu mugoroba habereye umuhango wo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 75 Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi yahitanye abasaga miliyoni 6 mu myaka isaga 4 ikozwe n’Abanazi ku isonga uwari Perezida w’Ubudage Adolf Hitler. Abayahudi aho bari bari mu bihugu bisaga 10 byo ku mugabane w’Uburayi barishwe bamwe ndetse banicishwa aside nyuma yo guhurizwa hamwe mu nkambi zitandukanye harimo ni inkambi ya Auschwitz mu Budage ahaguye abayahudi barenga miliyoni. Umwe mu baharokokeye umusaza David Frankel wimyaka 83 watanze ubuhamya, yagaragaje uburyo mu ntambara y’isi ya 2 ubwo iyo Jenoside yakorwaga abayahudi birukanywe hose mu kazi bakoraga, mu mashuri barimo batangira kwitwa isazi mu rwego rwo kubatesha agaciro mbere yuko batangira kwicwa. Ikibazo abayirokotse bemeza bafite ni ihakana n’ipfobya rya Jenoside ndetse ni uburyo abayirokotse bagifitiwe urwango ndetse rugaragara henshi ku isi. Ambasaderi wa Israel mu Rwanda Dr. Ron Adam avuga ko nyuma y’imyaka 50 Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi ibaye ntawatekerezaga ko ku isi hakongera kuba indi Jenoside nyamara agatangazwa nuko mu 1994 Mata mu Rwanda habaye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Kuri we asanga iyo amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi iza kwigishwa yenda Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ntiyari kuba. Minisitiri w’Urubyiruko n’Umuco mu Rwanda, Rosemary Mbabazi avuga ko u Rwanda na Israel bizakomeza gufatanya muri byose nk’ibihugu byanyuze mu bihe bikomeye bya Jenoside. Mu gihe hibutswe ku nshuro ya 75 Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi, mu Rwanda na ho hasigaye amezi 2 ngo hibukwe ku nshuro ya 26 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Abari bahagarariye u Rwanda ndetse na Israel bombi bemeza ko hazakomeza gukorwa ibishoboka ngo Jenoside itazongera kubaho ukundi.
Chief editor \Muhabura.rw |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/niyihe-mpamvu-yatumye-amoko-y-abanyarwanda-yacyera-azima | Niyihe mpamvu yatumye amoko y’Abanyarwanda yacyera azima ? | Kuva hambere mu Rwanda habagaho amoko yaba y’umuryango mugari w’abantu cyangwa amoko y’inzu akomoka ku bantu babaye ibyamamare mu mateka y’u Rwanda ndetse n’ashingiye ku miterere y’imiryango mu bijyanye n’ubutunzi. Amoko akomoka ku muryango mugari w’abantu yari 19. Andi moko yabonekaga mu Rwanda yari ay’inzu aho umuntu yabyaraga, abamukomokaho bakamwitirirwa kugeza ku buzukuruza,ubuvivi n’ubuvivure, aho twavuga nk’Abahindiro bakomoka kuri Gahindiro. Hari kandi n’ayakomokaga ku mibereho n’imiterere y’umuryango uyu n’uyu.Umuryango wiganjemo abantu b’abatunzi,bakawuha izina iri n’iri rizatinda rikavamo ubwoko(Abatutsi).Umuryango ukennye,cyangwa se wifashije gahoro,na wo bakawuha izina iri n’iri naryo rizatinda rikabyara ubwoko(Abahutu), bityo bityo, nk’uko umwanditsi yabyanditse mu gitabo yitwa ’Imizi y’u Rwanda’. Amoko yariho mu Rwanda rwo hambere uko yari 19 1. Abanyiginya
2. Abega
3. Abatsobe
4. Abashambo
5. Abagesera b’Abazirankende
6. Abazigaba
7. Abasinga
8. Abacyaba
9. Abakono
10. Abaha
11. Abagesera b’Abahondogo
12. Ababanda
13. Abasyete
14. Abashingo
15. Abongera
16. Abatsibura
17. Abungura
18. Abashi
19. Abashigatwa Uko Abakoloni baciyemo Abanyarwanda ibice bakabaha andi moko Abakoloni bagera mu Rwanda basanze ayo moko uko ari 19 ariho, abana kandi ategeka nta kibazo gihari kijyanye no kwihishana. Kugira ngo babashe kuyobora bifashishije politiki yo gucamo Abanyarwanda bice bahereye ku kuba ayo moko yari menshi ku buryo kuyacunga bigoranye, biga ubucakura bwo kurema andi make. Bahise bafata ya moko yarangaga imiterere y’imiryango mu by’imibereho yabo ya buri munsi n’imiterere y’ubutunzi (Abahutu byavugaga abagaragu, Abatwa byavugaga insuzugurwa n’Abatutsi byavugaga Abatunzi barambanye ubupfura)noneho babihindura ubwoko busimbura bwa bundi 19. Abari batunze inka nyinshi kandi bakomeye mu butegetsi, banafite igihagararo nk’icya gitegetsi, bafite n’amazuru maremare(barayapimaga) bagahita bafata ubwoko bw’ubututsi (bona n’ubwo izo nka yaba yarazihakiwe akiri umuhutu cyangwa se ari muremure), noneho abafite inka nkeya, cyangwa se bakiri mu bagaragu bataragira ubutunzi, mbese bacyiyubaka, baringaniye mu gihagararo (batari bagufi cyangwa se barebare), babaha ubwoko bw’ubuhutu (bona n’ubwo yabaga akomoka mu miryango ikomeye), abasigaye inyuma batazi iyo igihugu kiva n’iyo kigana; ba ntibindeba, abarenzamase bose n’abandi b’insuzugurwa babaha ubwoko bw’Ubutwa nk’uko na mbere mu bijyanye n’imibereho bitwaga. Kugira ngo ibi byose bibe ihame abazungu bifashishije inyandiko nk’ihame ryo gutuma ikintu runaka kiramba ndetse kikamamara maze mu mwaka wa 1932 bashyiraho icyo bise ‘Ibuku’, izina ryari rifite inkomoko y’Icyongereza ‘Book’ bivuga ‘Igitabo’ bandikamo ayo moko atatu bari bamaze guhanga ku buryo buri muntu wese yakigendanaga ikaba yari Indangamuntu y’icyo gihe. Ni uko amoko Abanyarwanda 19 bakomora ku Bakurambere yatangiye kuzima, ayahanzwe n’Abakoroni ajyanye n’ibyifuzo byabo byo kubafasha kuyobora u Rwanda aba ariyo yimakazwa. Hari bamwe mu Bayobozi bo ku bwa Rudahigwa bagerageje kubirwanya, ariko Ababiligi babamerera nabi ngo baragandisha abaturage. Ubwo Nturo wategekaga mu Kabagali, yashakaga kubyamagana, Rudahigwa yamuhaye impanuro agira ati “Nudatanga iyo buku ngo ukurikize n’amabwiriza yayo, abazungu bazagushahura. Kurikiza amabwiriza baguhaye ibyo urimo guharanira abana bacu nib o bazabigeraho.” Chief editor\ Muhabura.rw |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/sobanukirwa-imiryango-migari-n-inzu-zabyaye-abami-b-ingoma | Sobanukirwa Imiryango migari n’inzu zabyaye abami b’ingoma z’u Rwanda | U Rwanda rwagize amoko y’imiryango migari agera kuri 19, yose afite inkomoko ku Basinga b’abasangwabutaka, Abazigaba b’abasangwabutaka n’Abanyiginya ariko na yo akagira amoko y’inzu atabarika na n’ubu akiyongera. Ibisobanuro byimbitse ku nkomoko y’inyito yakunze kutamenywa na benshi ku nzu zagiye zikomokamo abami b’ingoma z’u Rwanda, bikubiye mu gitabo cyanditswe na Nsanzabera Jean de Dieu, inzobere mu Busizi, umuco n’amateka y’u Rwanda. Inzu abami b’ingoma z’u Rwanda bakomokagamo zarimo Abami b’Abanyiginya, Abami b’Abasindi, Abami b’Abahindiro n’Abami b’Abaganzu. Muri ayo moko y’inzu by’umwihariko zo mu Banyiginya kuko ari bo bagengaga ingoma y’i Gasabo yaje kubyara u Rwanda, hagiye habonekamo ay’ibihangange kuruta ayandi, aba ariyo ahererekanya intebe y’ubwami kugeza ku ndunduro y’ingoma ya cyami. Ni yo yabaye ababyarabami b’ingoma y’u Rwanda kuva mu ntango yayo kugera ku ndengo yayo. Uko inzu Abami bakomotsemo zagiye zikurikirana Intebe y’ubwami ya mbere: Yashyikirijwe abami b’Abanyagihanga (Abanyiginya) bafite inkomoko kuri Gihanga Ngomijana. Ubwami bwabo babuhererekanyije ingoma eshatu, kuko bahera kuri Gihanga Ngomijana, bagaherukira kuri Yuhi Musindi. Ni yo ibonekamo abami nka Gihanga i Ngomijana, Kanyarwanda I Gahima na Yuhi I Musindi. Intebe y’ubwami ya kabiri: Yihariwe n’abami b’Abasindi, bafite inkomoko kuri Yuhi Musindi. Ubwami bwabo babumazeho igihe kirekire kuruta abandi, kuko bikurikiranyije ingoma 11 zose nta w’undi ubari hagati. Bahera kuri Ndahiro Ruyange, bagaherukira kuri Ruganzu Ndoli. Ni yo ibonekamo abami nka Ndahiro I Ruyange, Ndoba, Samembe, Nsoro I Samukondo, Ruganzu I Bwimba, Cyilima I Rugwe, Kigeli I Mukobanya, Mibambwe I Sekarongoro, Yuhi II Gahima, Ndahiro II Cyamatara na Ruganzi II Ndoli. Intebe y’ubwami ya gatatu: Yazunguwe n’abami b’Abaganzu, bafite inkomoko kuri Ruganzu Ndoli. Ubwami bwabo babuhererekanyije ingoma umunani nta we ubari hagati. Abaganzu bahera ku muryango wa Mutara Semugeshi, bakagera kuri Yuhi Gahindiro. Ikizwi mu mateka y’u Rwanda, ni uko iyi nzu y’Abami b’Abaganzu, ari yo yabonetsemo ibihangange karundura mu mushinga wo kubaka u Rwanda, barakuturanyije mu koromya amahanga kugira ngo igihugu kigire ubusugire n’igitinyiro mu mahanga akizengurutse. Nibo batekereza bakomeye, bahanze ibishya byinshi birimo n’imiyoborere y’igihugu, Ubwiru, ubwirinzi n’ibindi. Abahererekenyije intebe y’ubwami mu Baganzu, barimo Mutara I Semugeshi, Kigeli II Nyamuheshera, Mibambwe II Gisanura, Yuhi III Mazimpaka, Cyilima II Rujugira, Kigeli III Ndabarasa, Mibambwe III Sentabyo na Yuhi IV Gahindiro. Intebe y’Ubwami ya Kane: Yazunguwe n’abami b’Abahindiro, bafite inkomoko kwa Yuhi Gahindiro. Ubwami bwabo babuhererekanyije ingoma esheshatu nta we ubari hagati. Abahindiro bahera kuri Mutara Rwogera, bagaherukira kuri Kigeli Ndahindurwa. Abami b’Abahindiro, nibo babonekamo nka Mutara II Rwogera, Kigeli IV Rwabugili, Mibambwe IV Rutalindwa, Yuhi V Musinga, Mutara II Rudahigwa na Kigeli V Ndahindurwa. Muri ibyo byiciro by’abami ukurikije inzu zabo bakomokamo, ni nabo basa nk’aho bagiye bigabanya ibihe u Rwanda rugomba kubonamo Abatabazi b’Abacunguzi mu bagera kuri bane babayeho batabaye igihugu bakagikura ahabi kigeze kure, bakagisubiza ku murongo. Uko izo nzu zagiye zigabanya Abatabazi - Umutabazi w’Umucunguzi w’Imbanza: Yakomotse mu muryango w’Abanyiginya. Ni Gihanga Ngomijana, watekereje umushinga wo kubaka u Rwanda, agakora n’ibikorwa by’ikubitiro byo guhanga igihugu, agatabara bene wabo b’Abanyiginya abakura mu busembere mu ngoma y’Abazigaba bo mu Rweya (Mubali) bari bamazemo imyaka isaga 300 (700-1091), Nyuma ya Kirisitu. Umutabazi w’Umucunguzi w’Inkurikira: Yakomotse mu muryango w’Abasindi. Ni Ruganzu Ndoli, wakuye u Rwanda mu gisuzuguriro igihugu cyari kirimo, cyari cyakuruwe n’irwanira ry’ingoma rya bene Yuhi Gahima barimo Ndahiro Cyamatara na bene se Juru na Bamara, Abanyabungo n’Abagara bakanyaga ingabe y’u Rwanda Rwoga, bagapfakaza n’u Rwanda rwamaze imyaka 11, rurara nze. Umutabazi w’Umucunguzi w’Isonga: Yakomotse mu muryango w’Abahindiro. Ni Kigeli Rwabugili, wategetse mu gihe gikomeye, ibihugu byari byarigaruriwe na ba Sekuruza, bitangiye kugamika kugira ngo byigaranzure u Rwanda, arabyoromya bishyira kera. Yashimangiye ubusugire bw’igihugu asoza n’ibitero byo kucyagura byari bimaze imyaka 583. Ubutaka bwari isibaniro ry’ibihugu 29, buhinduka igihugu kimwe. Umutabazi w’Umucunguzi w’Imbonekeragihe: Akomoka mu muryango w’Abega basangiraga ingoma n’Abanyiginya, ariko wo ukavamo Abagabekazi. Uwo Mutabazi ni Perezida Kagame Paul, ukomoka mu Bega bo kwa Rwakagara. Impamvu Perezida Kagame Paul aboneka mu miryango y’Abatabazi kandi atari mu miryango yarazwe ingoma cyangwa se mu nzu zabyaraga abami b’u Rwanda, ni uko yayoboye mu gihe cya Repubulika, ingoma ya Cyami yarasheshwe. Ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri Demokarasi ya Repubulika, bwamuhaye uburenganzira bwo kuyobora u Rwanda, budashingiye ku kuba akomoka mu barazwe Ingoma aba n’aba, ahubwo bishingiye ku kuba afite ubushobozi bwo kugeza igihugu aheza hifuzwa nk’Umutabazi koko, kandi hagakurikizwa ihame rya Demokarasi, aho abantu basangira ubutegetsi nta kigendeweho usibye ubushobozi n’ubunararibonye mu kukigeza aheza, bugaragazwa n’ihiganwa rikoresheje amatora. MUHABURA |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/sobanukirwa-uburyo-abasirikare-b-amerika-bakuwemo-ubumuntu | Sobanukirwa uburyo abasirikare b’amerika bakuwemo ubumuntu bagirwa abicanyi ruharwa | Ku itariki nk’iyi ya 1 Nzeri mu mwaka wa 1939, imyaka 80 irashize, Umudage Adolf Hitler yateye Pologne mu burengerazuba, hashize iminsi ibiri Ubufaransa n’Ubwongereza bitangaza intambara ku Budage, intambara ya kabiri y’isi iba irambikanye. Ubushakashatsi butavugwaho rumwe bwatangajwe nyuma yaho iyi ntambara irangiriye mu 1945, bwahinduye imyitozo ya gisirikare muri Amerika no ku isi. Nyuma y’iyo ntambara ya kabiri y’isi, yahitanye abantu benshi mu mateka (abarenga miliyoni 70), igisirikare cy’Amerika cyageze ku mwanzuro utangaje: ntabwo bishe bihagije, cyangwa se, bivuzwe neza: abasirikare benshi b’Amerika ntabwo bakoze ubwicanyi. Mu itsinda ry’abasirikare 10, ikigereranyo kiri munsi ya batatu ngo ntibigeze barasa imbunda zabo. Na rimwe. Kabone n’ubwo babaga basumbirijwe n’umwanzi n’ubuzima bwabo buri mu kaga. Ibi ni ibyo umwe mu nzobere n’umunyamateka wo mu basirikare b’Amerika Brigadier General Samuel Lyman Atwood Marshall uzwi cyane ku kazi ka ’Slam’ yagezeho mu bushakashatsi butavugwaho rumwe yanditsemo igitabo yise "Men against Fire". Ibyo yanditse byaranenzwe cyane - bamwe bamushinja kubeshya - nyamara ibyo yanditse byazanye impinduramatwa mu myitozo y’ingabo z’Amerika. Uwo musirikare yaranditse ati: "Uyoboye abarwanira ku butaka yamenya ko mu gihe ahanganye n’umwanzi abatarenze 1/4 cy’abasirikare be ari bo barasa umwambi nyawo". We avuga ko 75% batarasaga ndetse batashoboye guhangana n’umwanzi n’ibikorwa bye. Akavuga ko aba bose babaga bari mu kaga ariko nyamara ntibarwane. Marshall nyuma iyi mibare yaje kuyizamura ayigeza ahubwo kuri 85%. Kuki ingabo z’Amerika zari ku rugamba mu Burayi no mu bice by’inyanja ya Pasifika zitarasaga cyane nubwo zabaga zugarijwe? Marshall avuga ko hari impamvu ebyiri - Ko abenshi babaga bashaka ko akazi kose gakorwa na bamwe, kandi ko amajyambere yatumye Abanyamerika "batinya gusagarira abantu" ibyo bigatuma abasirikare benshi baririndaga kurasa. Yanditse ko abasirikare bari bakeneye gutozwa kurasa mu ntambara, badatekereza cyangwa ngo bihe umwanya wo kuganzwa n’amarangamutima. Umwanzuro we wari uko Umunyamerika ari "umunyamahoro", watumye hashyirwaho tekiniki nshya zitoza abasirikare kwica no kubavanamo ubumuntu ku rugamba. Umunyamateka w’umwongereza Dr John Keegan avuga ko intego y’ukuri y’inyandiko za Marshall zitari ubushakashatsi…ahubwo yari agamije kwereka Amerika ko irwana intambara zayo mu buryo bwa ntabwo. Agita ati: "Ingingo ze zari zikomeye, yari afite ubuhanga budasanzwe nk’umunyamateka mu kumvikanisha no gutuma abantu bemera ibitekerezo bye bakanabishyira mu ngiro". Marshall na we ubwe yavuze ko ubushakashatsi bwe bwatumye "ikigero cyo kurashisha imbunda |
5history
| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/Igice-Cya-6-Ibintu-Wamenya-Kuri-Leta-z-Abasoviyeti-zibarutse-Igihugu-Cy-igihangange-Nk-Uburusiya | Igice Cya 6: Ibintu Wamenya Kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse Igihugu Cy’igihangange Nk’Uburusiya | Ubumwe bwa repubulika za gisosiyalisiti z’Abasoviyeti (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR cg Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques, URSS) zari ihuriro rya Repubulika 15 zunze ubumwe, zihuje ku mugaragaro. Ubushize twasubikiyeaho Gorbachev yari atangiye kugaragara ko nta mbaraga agifite,biba ngombwa ko ahita yegura ku mwanya nk’umunyamabanga mukuru w’ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti mu mpera z’ukwa munani 1991 ndetse bisa nk’aho n’ibikorwa by’ishyaka bihagaze burundu bivuze ko ubutegetsi bwari bugeze ku umusozo, yari Asigaranye Uburusiya avukamo kandi na bwo bwari bufite Yeltsin, wari waratowe nka Perezida mu kwa Karindwi, 1991. Dukomereje ku maherezo y’ubumwe bw’abasoviyeti Hari hakiri Leta 12 zakomeje guhanyanyaza zivuga ko zakongera kwihuza zigasigasira amahame y’Abasoviyeti ba Kera yaremberaga. Gusa zose byageze mu kwa 12 zose zatangaje ubwigenge. Ibyari iby’abasoviyeti I Moscow bikoreshwa nk’iby’Uburusiya. Nta yandi mahitamo yari ahari. Ibintu byaje guhumira ku mirarai ubwo tariki ya Mbere Ukuboza, 1991 igihugu cya Ukraine cyazaga ku mwanya wa kabiri mu kugira ijambo inyuma y’Uburusiya na cyo cyatangaje ubwigenge; amahirwe yo kwihuza yari ageze ku musozo.Tariki 8 Ukuboza, 1991 Abaperezida b’Uburusiya, Ukraine na Belarus basinye amasezerano ya Belavezha, yemezaga isenyuka burundu ry’Ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti. Hakajyaho (Commonwealth of Independent States, (CIS); Leta zigenga zizajya zihuzwa n’iby’ubuhahirane, mbese nk’iyi miryango tubona ubu ariko nta bumwe buhari bahujwe n’inyungu gusa.Biga uko uyu muryango wayoborwa, tariki 21 Ukuboza 1991 abahagarariye Leta Zose ukuyemo Georgia ititabiriye, basinye amasezerano Alma-Ata Protocol bemeza ko buri gihugu kizajya kigira ugihagararira. Kuri Noheri yo mu 1991, nk’indunduro, Gorbachev yeguye ku mwanya wa Perezida w’Ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti muri rusange avuga ko uwo mwanya uvuyeho burundu. Iryo joro ibendera ry’abasoviyeti rirurutswa hazamurwa iry’amabara atatu ry’abarusiya mu mwanya waryo mu Murwa mukuru Moscow. Ku munsi wakurikiyeho, ni ukuvuga tariki 26, Ukuboza guverinoma y’ubumwe bw’abasoviyeti n’ubumwe bw’abasoviyeti hatowe ko bitakiriho, ko bigiye mu ruzinduko n’ubu ntibiragaruka. Byarashojwe mu yandi magambo, abagize amahirwe bahawe imyanya mu bihugu bari bahagarariye abandi bihangira imirimo. Abasirikare basubiye mu bihugu bakomokamo, inzego nyinshi zakoreraga Moscow ziba iz’Abarusiya, izo badafashe zirasenyuka. Tariki 26 Ukuboza 1991, igihugu cy’Uburusiya cyatangiwe kwemerwa ku Isi yose ndetse cyemera no kwishyura imyenda myinshi yari ifitwe n’abasoviyeti ndetse n’imitungo myinshi y’abasoviyeti mu mahanga iba iy’Uburusiya. Ndetse mu masezerano yo 1992 yiswe Lisbon Protocol, yemeje bidasubirwaho ko intwaro kirimbuzi z’abasoviyeti ziba iz’Uburusiya kuko bwemeye kuriha imyenda yose y’Abasoviyeti n’ubwo Ukraine itabyemeraga kubera ko yashakaga imitungo yayo yabaga mu mahanga. Yumvaga na yo yabonaho. Ingaruka ku isenyuka ry’ubumwe Byateje ikibazo gikomeye kubona abari bamwe batana.Habaye izahara ry’ubukungu mu ma Leta menshi yari mu bumwe bw’Abasoviyeti.Ubukene bwaravugirije, ibyaha biriyongera ahatandukanye kandi mu buryo butandukanye kuko inzego nyinshi zari zitarahama mu bihugu byasaga n’ibivutse, ruswa yashinze imizi ahenshi, Ubishomeri buvuza ubuhuha kuri bamwe, abenshi baba inzererezi, indwara z’ibyorezo zirabata, habaho guhanama gukomeye hagati y’umukene n’umukire, abantu batangira kwikunda bwa buzima bwo gukomatanya buhinduka inzozi. Ikizere cyo kubaho kiragabanuka, ubujiji burazamuka kuri bamwe. Abapfa babaye benshi, imibereho yari yahindutse, habibwaga umutima w’ubwikunde no guharanira utwawe kurusha utw’abandi. Capitalisme yari iri kwigarurira imitima ya benshi. Mu Burusiya, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania na Estonia ubushomeri bwikubye gatatu ndetse inzara no kwiheba bihitana benshi biganjemo abagabo. Uburusiya uwavuga ko bwungukiye mu gusenyuka kwa Leta zunze ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti, hari uburyo runaka ataba abeshye. Ambasade z’abasoviyeti bwarazigumanye, kuba Ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti bwaragiraga ikicaro gihoraho mu kanama ka ONU byasigaranywe n’Abarusiya, n’ibindi. Dore ibihugu byari bigize ubumwe bw’abasoviyeti:Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan na Georgia. Tuzakomeza ntuzacikwe ibikurikiraho..................... Ibice byabaje:<Igice cya3 :Ibintu wamenya kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse igihugu cy’igihangange nk’Uburusiya
<Igice cya 2:Ibintu wamenya kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse igihugu cy’igihangange nk’Uburusiya
< Ibintu wamenya kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse igihugu cy’igihangange nk’Uburusiya[Igice cya Mbere] Richard Ruhumuriza/MUHABURA.RW |
5history
| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/gen-mudacumura-rwatewe-n-umwiryane-muri-fdlr | Igice Cya 5 :Ibintu Wamenya Kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse Igihugu Cy’igihangange Nk’Uburusiya | Ubumwe bwa repubulika za gisosiyalisiti z’Abasoviyeti (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR cg Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques, URSS) zari ihuriro rya Repubulika 15 zunze ubumwe, zihuje ku mugaragaro. Ubushize twasubikiye aho Nikita Khrushchev yemeranije na USA gukura muri Cuba za missile yari yashyizeyo zo kurimbura USA,ubwo Abanyamerika na bo bagakura izo bari bafite muri Turkiya n’Ubutaliyani. Gusa uyu mwumvikano na Amerika wamugabanirije ikizere n’ubukaka bwe, abayobozi bakuru mu ishyaka batangira kumunenga ndetse baza no kumukura ku butegetsi asa n’ugambaniwe n’abo mu nkoramutima ze hari tariki 14 Ukwakira 1964. Dukomeje:Ukudindira gukomeye kw’Abasoviyeti Nyuma y’uko Khrushchev yirukanywe nta mpamba igihugu cyagize ukudindira gukomeye mu bukungu n’imibanire y’abishyize hamwe bakarema Leta Zunze ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti. Muri icyo gihe hayoboye Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov na Konstantin Chernenko. Nikita akimara kwirukanwa hagarutse bwa buyobozi bukomatanije Leonid Brezhnev akayobora nk’umunyamabanga mukuru, Alexei Kosygin nka Minisitiri w’intebe naho Nikolai Podgorny akaba nk’umukuru w’inama nyobozi gusa bigeze mu 1970, Brezhnev yigira umuyobozi w’ikirenga w’Abasoviyeti. Mu 1968, Abasoviyeti bateye Czechoslovakia bashaka kuburizamo impinduramatwara yari yiswe (Le Printemps de Prague cg Prague Spring) yari igamije guha rubanda uburenganzira bwo kugira ubushabitsi runaka bakora byose ntibibe ibya Leta. Alexander Dubček wari watangije impinduramatwara muri Czechoslovakia yahaye abaturage ubwigenge n’uburenganzira mu guhitamo ibibakorerwa mu buhinzi, mu bukungu, mu kugira ijambo n’ibindi birimo gutangiza itangazamakuru ritari irya Leta, guha abaturage uburenganzira mu gutanga ibitekero n’andi mahame ya Demokarasi. Ndetse yari yanemeje ko niba abaturage bumva bakwiye bakihitiramo hakabaho ibihugu bitatu hashingiwe ku byo bahuje n’ibibatandukanya ariko bakagira ubuyobozi bwo hejuru bumwe. Ibyo byababaje cyane Leonid Brezhnev agabayo ibitero hapfa benshi abandi barahunga ariko n’ubundi byaje kurangira igihugu kivutsemo ibihugu bibiri mu mahoro Czech Republic na Slovakia hari tariki 1 Mutarama, 1993; Leta zunze ubumwe z’abasoviyeti zari zarasenyutse. Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev yapfuye tariki 10 Ukwakira 1982, asigira abandi. Leonid Brezhnev amaze gupfa ababiri bamusimbuye Yuri Andropov w’imyaka 68 yapfuye bidateye kabiri asimburwa na Konstantin Chernenko wari ufite imyaka 72 nawe nta myaka ibiri yamaze ku butegetsi, igihugu gikomeza kudindira haza n’impuha ko hari leta zimwe zashakaga kwiyomora kuko ngo zabonaga ahazaza h’abasoviyeti hakomeje kubudika umwijima cyane ko n’umwimerere batangiranye wari warafunguwe. Bahisemo Mikhail Gorbachev, wakoze impinduka nyinshi mu bukungu, no mu buyobozi bw’ishyaka muri politiki ye yise glasnost aho yahaga rugari abantu bakagera ku makuru nyuma y’imyaka mirongo bibujijwe na Leta. Gorbachev yasaga n’ugeza ku musozo intambara y’ubutita. Mu 1988 yahise yanzura kureka intambara yari imaze imyaka 9 muri Afghanistan, ndetse ategeka ko ingabo zigaruka iwabo. Ikindi ni uko yanze gukomeza kohereza ingabo mu duce tw’inshuti twabaga tugiye mu rugamba ndetse biharurira inzira impinduramatwara n’imyigaragambyo yo mu 1989, urukuta rwa Berlin ruteshwa agaciro, Ubudage bw’Uburasirazuba n’Uburengerazuba biba igihugu kimwe, icyari cyariswe (Iron Curtain cg rideau de fer) gikurwaho; wari umupaka wahabanyaga Ibihugu bicuditse n’Abasoviyeti ndetse n’ibipfukamira Amerika. Umupaka wari ugizwe n’ubutaka butagira nyirabwo (Nomman’s Land) habaga harinzwe cyane hateze za mine hakikijwen’abafite intwaro ziremereye. Icyo gihe Leta zitari nke zatangiye gushaka kwiyomora kuko n’ubundi ingingo ya 72 y’itegekonshinga ry’Abasoviyeti ryarabyemeraga icyo gihe. Gusa bavuga ko igihugu runaka kizajya cyiyomora ari uko abaturage ge bacyo 2/3 batoye yego muri kamarampaka. Mu 1989 Uburusiya nka Leta yarutaga izindi zose bunafite hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’abaturage bose bwatoye Boris Yeltsin nk’ubuhagarariye mu Basoviyeti bishyize hamwe. Ndetse tariki 12 Kamena, 1990 Congres yabwo ivuga ko uburusiya bwigenga ku butaka bwabwo kurusha uko bwategekwa n’ubumwe bw’abasoviyeti. Tariki 17 Werurwe, 1991 hakozwe kamarampaka y’imbaturamugabo yagombaga kwemeza isenyuka cg se igumaho rya Leta zunze ubumwe z’abasoviyeti muri Leta icyenda gusa, ahandi bari banze kugira kuyitabira. Gusa na bwo Gorbachev ntibyamuhiriye mu bihugu byinshi hari ikibazo bamaze kwinjirwano no kwigenga n’ubwo abaturage bari batoye ko Ubumwe bugumaho. Gusa bigeze mu mpeshyi ya 1991, byasaga n’aho ibihugu 8 gusa ari byo bishyigikiye Ubumwe ibindi binyotewe no kwigenga gusa nyine nta kundi amasezerano yo kuvugurura ubumwe yagombaga gusinywa mu kwa Munani mu 1991. Ese yarasinywe? Ntibahiriwe n’isinywa ryayo. Urwego rw’ubutasi KGB n’abayobozi muri guverinoma bari batsimbaraye ku mahame ya kera y’Abasoviyeti, bateguye uburyo bahirika ubutegetsi Gorbachev. Ntibari banyuzwe n’amasezerano yendaga gusinywa kandi bananengaga politiki ya Gorbachev. Ihirika ku ubutegetsi ryarapfubye ndetse nyuma y’iminsi ibiri Gorbachev agaruka ku ubutegetsi, ahenshi amaraso yamenetse cyane, gusa byateje akaduruvayo cyane ubumwe bwajegeye ndetse iyo Coup d’etat yapfubye ifatwa nk’imbarutso yo gusenyuka kwa burundu kw’Abasoviyeti ndetse n’igisa n’ikinegu ku ishyaka CPSU (Communist party of Soviet Union). Byagaragaraga ko Gorbachev nta mbaraga agifite, ahubwo zari zisigaye mu bahagarariye Leta runaka mu ubumwe. Ndetse mu kwa munani amasezerano ntiyasinywa, Leta za Latvia na Estonia zitangaza ubwigenge busesuye kuko Lithuania ni yo yari yabikoze mbere mu 1990. Gorbachev yahise yegura ku mwanya nk’umunyamabanga mukuru w’ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti mu mpera z’ukwa munani 1991 ndetse bisa nk’aho n’ibikorwa by’ishyaka bihagaze burundu bivuze ko ubutegetsi bwari bugeze ku umusozo, yari Asigaranye Uburusiya avukamo kandi na bwo bwari bufite Yeltsin, wari waratowe nka Perezida mu kwa Karindwi, 1991. Tuzakomeza ntuzacikwe ibikurikiraho..................... Ibice byabaje:<Igice cya3 :Ibintu wamenya kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse igihugu cy’igihangange nk’Uburusiya
<Igice cya 2:Ibintu wamenya kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse igihugu cy’igihangange nk’Uburusiya
< Ibintu wamenya kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse igihugu cy’igihangange nk’Uburusiya[Igice cya Mbere] Murakoze. Richard Ruhumuriza/MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/inkomoko-y-inka-zo-mu-rwanda-ivugwaho-byinshi-abantu-benshi | Inkomoko y’inka zo mu Rwanda ivugwaho byinshi abantu benshi batamenye | Benshi bakunda gusoma ibijyanye n’inkomoko y’ u Rwanda bakunda guhura n’igitekerezo cy’ibimanuka ahavugwamo ko byageze mu Rwanda biturutse mu ijuru. Mu gitabo Inganji Kalinga cyanditswe na Kagame Alex, havugwamo uburyo ibimanuka byaje n’inkomoko y’iryo zina. Musenyeri Alexis Kagame avuga ko ibimanuka byageze mu Mubari wo kwa Kabeja (mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba ubu) bayobowe n’uwitwa Kigwa ari we bita Sabizeze. Icyo gihe ngo Sabizeze yari amaze kumenya ko yavuye mu mutima w’imfizi barashyize mu gicuba cy’amata kuko nyina Gasani yari amaze igihe ari ingumba. Musenyeri Kagame avuga ko mu kumanuka Sabizeze yafashe amatungo n’inyamaswa byari mu ijuru azana ikigore n’ikigabo ari ho yafashemo n’imfizi n’insumba yayo abimanukana ku isi. Dore uko igitabo Inganji Kalinga kibivuga Ajya mu biraro by’inka, ayobora imfizi Rugira, n’insumba yayo Ingizi. Ajyana n’imfizi y’intama Mudende, n’iyayo Nyabuhoro. Ajyana n’isekurume y’ihene Rugeyo, n’isake Mugambira, n’inyange. Amaze gukoranya ibyo byose, akora ku muvandimwe we. Ugeze aha ubona ko inka zaturutse mu ijuru ukurikije igitekerezo cy’ibimanuka (ni igitekerezo ). Byakumvikanisha ko n’andi matungo yaba yaraturutse mu ijuru kuko bavugamo intama n’andi matungo Sabizeze yamanukanye ku isi. Nyamara iyo ukomeje n’igitekerezo kivugwa mu nganji kalinga hari ahi usanga bavuga ko inka zaba zaraturukaga mu iriba rya Gipfuna riherereye mu Ntara y’amajyaruguru. Bongera kuvuga ibijyanye n’inka iyo bageze kuri Gihanga , ukurikije iki gitekerezo Gihanga ari mu gisekuru cya 11 uvuye kuri Sabizeze bita Kigwa. Gusa hari igiselkuru kivugwa ariko ntubone inkomoko yabo mu bindi byanditswe. Bamwe mu bacurabwenge bagenekerezaga batya:"Gihanga wa Kazi, ka Kizira, cya Gisa, cya Randa, wa Merano, wa Koobo, wa Kimanuka, umuhungu wa Kijuru, cya Muntu, wa Kigwa, wa Nkuba, wa Shyerezo". Ku bijyanye n’ inka zivugwa ku gihe cya gihanga bituruka ku icibwa ry’umukobwa we Nyirarucyaba ngo waba yarageze mu ishyamba aho yaciriwe akahasanga igisimba(inka) kikamiraga amata hasi. Dore uko umwanditsi Pierre Smith mu gitabo yise Le récit populaire au Rwanda, cyasohokeye i Parism u 1975 abivuga ku rupapuro rwa 284-8 :
« mu gitondo, agiye gutegura inyamaswa, asanga inka yavuye mu ngeri, yabyariye mu gasozi. Iri mu kibaya .Imukubise amaso iraroha. Iravumera.Kazigaba ati:"Ndwanye nabi inyamaswa iranyishe." Aragenda abitekerereza Nyirarucyaba. Nyirarucyaba ati:" jya kunyereka iyo nyamaswa." Ahageze, Nyirarucyaba inyana arayiterura, inka iramukurikira. Ayigejeje imuhira, aza guca ibinogo inka izajya yikamiramwo. Hanyuma bukeye, Nyirarucyaba ni we wazanye kubumba.Abumba utweso azajya aterekamo amata.Utweso rero tumaze kuma,ashyizemo amata, turashwanyuka. Ati:"ndwanye nabi", aragenda yahira ibyatsi inzeso arazitwika. Zirashya. Ashyiramo amata abona abaye mazima.Inka igakamwa birenze» Iyo ugeze aha usanga ko inka zaturutse mu ngeri « rwagati mu kiyaga». Mu gitekerezo cy’aho inka zakomotse bavuga ko iyo nka yaba yaraturutse mu iriba rya Gipfuna. Iri riba abanyarwanda bemeraga cyane ko ari ho haturutse inka ndetse rikaba ryaranakorerwagaho imihango gakondo. Iyo bavuga kandi ibijyanye na Gihanga bagira bati « Gihanga cyahanze inka n’ingoma » aha ukaba utakwemeza ko Gihanga ari we wahanze inka kuko n’iki gitekerezo kivuga ko inka yavumbuwe na Kazigaba wahuriye na Nyirarucyaba mu ishyamba aho yari yaraciriwe. Ikindi ni uko amata bavuga ko Nyirarucyaba yaramije se yasanze agiye gupfa bivuga ko se nta cyo azi kuri iyo nka n’amata yayo. Ikindi ukurikije ibyanditswe n’abashakashatsi ni uko nta nkuru y’iyororoka ry’inka zazanywe n’ibimanuka kugeza icyo gihe. Kugeza ubu nta bashakashatsi baragaragaza aho inka yaba yarakomotse. Cyakora abashakashatsi bakoze ubushakashatsi ku nkomoko y’inka bagaragaza ko yaba yarakomotse ku gisimba bita aurochs. Bagenekereza ko haba hashize imyaka irenga ibihumbi icumi kibayeho. Abashakashatsi mu binyabuzima , Ruth Bollongino, Joachim Burger, Adam Powell, Marjan Mashkour, Jean-Denis Vigne na Mark G. Thomas bo muri Kaminuza ya Oxford bagaragaje ko ibimenyetso bya ADN bigaragaza ko inka zikomoka kuri ibyo bisimba. Gusa bakavuga ko byari bigoye kubyororera mu ngo. Ntawababasha kugaragaza uburyo ikiremwa muntu cy’ icyo gihe cyabashije guhindura kamere y’ibyo bisimba byaje kuvamo inka. Amateka y’u Rwanda agaragaza ko hari inka zaba zaranyagwaga mu bihugu bituranye aha bikaba byanatuma wibaza aho ibyo bihugu byazivanye. Amateka ibihugu bisangiye agaragaza ko buri gihugu kigendera ku bitekerezo bigaragaza aho cyakomotse n’abagituye mu Rwanda ni cyo bita ubucurabwenge bwerekana inkomoko y’abami ari ho bavugamo n’inka zazanywe ka Kigwa Muhabura.rw |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/Igice-Cya-4-Ibintu-Wamenya-Kuri-Leta-z-Abasoviyeti-zibarutse-Igihugu-Cy-igihangange-Nk-Uburusiya | Igice Cya 4 :Ibintu Wamenya Kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse Igihugu Cy’igihangange Nk’Uburusiya | Ubumwe bwa repubulika za gisosiyalisiti z’Abasoviyeti (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR cg Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques, URSS) zari ihuriro rya Repubulika 15 zunze ubumwe, zihuje ku mugaragaro. Ubushize twasubikiye ahavuga ko;mu bindi Abasoviyeti bazamukiyemo cyane ari ubushakashatsi mu by’ikoranabuhanga, ubumenyi bw’ikirere n’isanzure muri rusange ndetse no gukora intwaro. Dukomeje:Nyuma y’intambara ya kabiri y’isi yahaye Abasoviyeti izina binyuze mu ntambara ndetse Abanyamerika bagakura ubuhangange mu bucuruzi mu ntambara, hagombaga kubaho guhigana ubutwari, abari ku ruhande rumwe bagahinduka abakeba ku mugaragaro. Ibindi bihugu nk’ Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa n’ubudage nta jambo rikomeye kuko byari byaratakarije cyane mu ntambara. Byagombaga gutakambira Amerika yari ikungahaye cyane ngo ibagurize. Stalin yapfuye tariki 5 Gicurasi 1953 azize Stroke. Abasoviyeti nta muntu bari barateguye wasimbura Stalin bityo banzura kongera kuyoborwa na rya tsinda ry’abayobozi mu nzego zitandukanye troika. Ntibyatinze Nikita Khrushchev aza kugaragaza imbaraga nyinshi n’ubushobozi ndetse aza anenga cyane politiki za Stalin avuga ko yakoreshaga igitugu gikomeye avuga ko hakwiye politiki iha bose amahirwe angana; iyo Politiki ya Khrushchev ihabwa izina rya de-Stalinization kuko yari igamije guca icyo bitaga igitugu cya Stalin; Politiki ye yagombaga kurandurwa. Nikita Khrushchev nyuma y’intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi yasaga n’umuntu utarajwe ishinga no gukaza amahame y’ishyaka rya Gikomunisiti, ahubwo yasaga n’urajwe ishinga no kwigarurira ibihugu by’uburayi kuko na we yari afite ijambo nk’umuntu uyoboye igihugu cyitwaye neza mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi. Ikindi kandi mu 1956, Igisirikare cy’abasoviyeti cyakoreshejwe mu guhosha imirwano mu kuburizamo imyigaragambyo y’abamaganaga amahame ya Gicoviyeti muri Hungary na Poland. Mu myaka y’1950 kandi, Ubushinwa bwa Mao Zedong bwabonaga Nikita Khrushchev nk’umuntu usa n’uri kwisubiraho kuko ngo hari amahame ya Karl Marx yasaga n’uri kwirengagiza. Ndetse ngo yasaga n’uwirengagiza ko igihugu ayoboye ari kimwe bisaba gukomeza guhuza ubumwe bwa byose we akibera mu gushaka kwigarurira abandi nyamara n’abo asanganywe atizeye ko bashwana bagatandukana. Ibi byatumye ibihugu byari bibategeye amaboko nka Albania, Cambodia na Somalia bihitamo kwikoranira n’Ubushinwa aho kwiyunga ku Basoviyeti. Abasoviyeti bakomeje gukaza iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga, inganda, ubucuruzi n’ibindi batibagiwe ubumenyi bw’ikirere kuko ari bo mu mateka ya muntu babaye aba mbere mu kugeza icyogajuru cya mbere mu isanzure, Sputnik 1, hari tariki 4 Ukwakira, 1957 bizamura uguhangana gukomeye mu bya Politiki, ikoranabuhanga, igisirikare n’ibindi na USA. Habaye guhigana ubutwari gukomeye ndetse nyuma y’iminsi itanu, uwari Perezida wa USA Eisenhower avuga ijambo abwira rubanda ko rutagomba gucika intege cg ngo rugire ubwoba kuko USA na bo bari biteguye bihagije ku bijyanye n’ubumenyi bw’isanzure. Abasoviyeti bakomeje ubushakashatsi bwabo noneho bohereza Sputnik 2 mu Ugushyingo, tariki 3, 1957. Muri iki cyogajuru bwo bashyizemo ikiremwa, Imbwa yahawe izina rya Laika bareba niba koko ikinyabuzima cyakogoga hanze y’iyi Si kikagumana ubuzima, gusa nyuma y’amasaha make gihagurutse Laika yashizemo umwuka kubera ubushyuhe bukabije. Abasoviyeti bakomeza kuzamura ubushakashatsi noneho mu 1961 bakora agashya bazamura ikiremwamuntu hanze y’Isi. Umugabo Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin mu cyogajuru Vostok 1 yageze hanze y’iki kirere cyacu bikomeza guha ishema Abasoviyeti. Hari tariki 12 Mata, 1961. Ntibarekeye aho kuko banabaye aba mbere mu kugeza umugore wa mbere mu kirere cyo hanze y’Isi Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova, yari mu cyogajuru Vostok 6 hari tariki 16 Kamena, 1963. Yamaze iminsi itatu hanze y’isi. Banabaye aba Mbere kugera mu kirere cyo hafi cyane y’ukwezi mu byogajuru Luna 9 mu 1966 na Lunokhod 1 ndetse Lunokhod 2. Khrushchev yazanye Politiki ye yise Thaw yari ikubiyemo imirongo migari y’ubutegetsi bwe, yari igamije kuzimya burundu iya Stalin wamubanjirije. Icyagaruye kumwenyura kuri benshi ni uko yahagaritse imirimo y’uburetwa ya Gulag yari yashyizweho na Stalin kuva mu myaka 1930. Thaw yari politiki ngari yo gufungura no kuvugurura umwimerere wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti. Ku bwa Khrushchev, iyi politiki yabaye nk’iyambika Abasoviyeti indi sura mu bubanye n’amahanga. Habaye mavugurura akomeye mu bukungu n’ubuhahairane mpuzamahanga, uburezi n’umuco n’ibindi bihugu, amaserukiramuco mpuzamahanga batangira kuyitabira, basoma ibitabo byo mu bindi bihugu, kureba filimi z’abanyamahanga, amamurika y’iby’ubugeni ku rwego mpuzamahanga, imbyino, imideri no kwitabira amarushanwa atandukanye mpuzamahanga, ibintu Stalin atahaga agaciro na mba. N’ubwo yahuye n’imbogamizi z’abategetsi benshi bari bashyigikiye Stalin na Politiki ye yari mu marembera, ishyaka rye, Soviet Communist Party ntiryigeze ricika intege. Yakomeje impinduka mu buhinzi n’imiyoborere gusa bigeze mu 1962, ni bwo hazamutse ikibazo gikaze cy’ibisasu kirimbuzi yari yemeye ko bijya gushyirwa muri Cuba byitegeye Washington bikaza kubonwa n’abatasi ba USA bigateza ubwoba n’impuha zikomeye. Nikita yemeranije na USA gukurayo izo missile Abanyamerika na bo bakura izo bari bafite muri Turkiya n’Ubutaliyani. Gusa uyu mwumvikano na Amerika wamugabanirije ikizere n’ubukaka bwe, abayobozi bakuru mu ishyaka batangira kumunenga ndetse baza no kumukura ku butegetsi asa n’ugambaniwe n’abo mu nkoramutima ze hari tariki 14 Ukwakira 1964. Tuzakomeza ntuzacikwe ibikurikiraho..................... Ibice byabaje:<Igice cya3 :Ibintu wamenya kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse igihugu cy’igihangange nk’Uburusiya
<Igice cya 2:Ibintu wamenya kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse igihugu cy’igihangange nk’Uburusiya
< Ibintu wamenya kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse igihugu cy’igihangange nk’Uburusiya[Igice cya Mbere] AMATORA: Muraho neza bavandi! Ni mwinjire kuri iyi Link http://dja2019.rgb.rw nimwagera aho babaza ikinyamakuru mukunda gusoma mwandike Muhabura.rw ubwo muraba mugihaye amahirwe yo kwitwara neza mu marushanwa. Murakoze. |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/ibyo-utamenye-ku-munsi-mukuru-w-asomusiyo-assomption | Igice cya3 :Ibintu wamenya kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse igihugu cy’igihangange nk’Uburusiya | Ubumwe bwa repubulika za gisosiyalisiti z’Abasoviyeti (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR cg Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques, URSS) zari ihuriro rya Repubulika 15 zunze ubumwe, zihuje ku mugaragaro. Muri iki gice harimo umwihariko kuko turaza no kuvuga ku ntambara ya kabiri y’isi ahagaragayemo ku ruhare runi umugabo wamenywe n’isi yose nanubu atazibagirana mu mitwe y’abantu Hitler. Ubushize twasubikiye ahavuga ko,mu Ukuboza 1936, Stalin yatoresheje itegekonshinga rishya ariko aza gutinywa n’abandi bayobozi bituma yitwa intiti ariko abanyamategeko abaje gusesenguye inyandiko bavuze ko iryo tegekonshinga nta cyo ryari rivuze ku baturage kuko ryari rikubiyemo amategeko y’icengezamatwara ye. Abasomye igitabo Animal Farm cya George Orwell, izina ry’Ubwanditsi (Amazina nyakuri, Eric Arthur Blair) kigaragaza neza mu buryo bw’amarenga ko hakoreshwa inyamaswa nyamara bavuga abantu. Dukomeje:Noneho mu mategeko arindwi yagenganga inyamaswa muri icyo gitabo harimo rimwe ryagiraga riti: Inyamaswa zose zirangana (All Animals are equal) nk’uko nyine byari biri ibihugu bikishyira hamwe. Gusa nyuma zimwe zimaze gusaza haje inyamaswa ebyiri z’ingurube, Iyitwa Napoleon n’iyitwa Snowball ziba inyobozi. Napoleon ari Stalin, Snowball ari Leon Trotsky waje guhambirizwa. Napoleon isigara iyoboye igategeka imbwa zabwaguye utanga ibibwana bigatozwa ubugome bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru, byakura bikaba ari byo bizajya birinda Napoleon. Nyuma rya tegeko ryaje guhinduka inyamaswa ntiziba zigihwanye, ryahindutse ko: Inyamaswa zose zingana ariko zimwe zikangana kurusha izindi; (All animals are equal, but some of them are more equal than others.) Uko ni ko Staline yashyizeho itegekonshinga rye muri rusange agahindura icyari inzozi za benshi mu Basoviyeti bari bazi ko bazahora ku ndeshyo imwe nta wurusha undi, nta wukandamiza undi. Abenshi batangiye kwicuza kuguma muri wa muryango wabo wa Repubulika zunze ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti. Mu mpera z’1930, ni ukuvuga ubwo intambara ya kabiri y’isi yasaga n’ikomanga, Joseph Stalin yigiriye ku ruhande rwa Axis Powers, ni ukuvuga uruhande rw’ibihugu nk’Ubudage, Ubuyapani n’ubutaliyani bari bahanganye na Allied Powers, yarimo ibihugu nk’Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, n’Ubushinwa. Icyo gihe Stalin yatangiye kugirana ibiganiro by’ubufatanye mu bya Gisirikare ndetse tariki 23 Kanama 1939, basinyana amasezerano yiswe Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact yitiriwe ba Ministre b’ububanye n’amahanga bayasinye Joachim von Ribbentrop na Vyacheslav Molotov. Ni amasezerano ya kuba nta gihugu cyashoza imirwano ku kindi, mbese ni amasezerano yo kudahemukirana. Intambara ya kabiri y’isi Ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti bwari bufite imbaraga zigaragarira benshi gusa bavuga ko nta ntambara Abasoviyeti bashobora gushoza ku Ubudage kuko bari barasinyanye amasezerano yo kudashozanyaho intambara. Gusa byaje kurangira ahubwo ubudage ari bwo butangije intambara ku Basoviyeti hari tariki 22 Kamena 1941; ubudage bwabonaga niburamuka bwikijije Abasoviyeti buri bube bwamaze gufata mu Ntoki Uburayi bwose na Aziya. Abasoviyeti bise urugamba rw’ibanze n’abadage "Great Patriotic War", cg se Intambara ikomeye igaragaza gukunda igihugu. Ingabo zitukura, ni ko igisirikare cy’abasoviyeti kitwaga, zarahiriwe zifashijwe n’itumba rikomeye, Ingabo za Hitler zitsindwa urugamba rwa Moscow rwari rukomeye cyane kuko Abadage bari bakomeye cyane, bakomwe mu nkokora n’itumba rikomeye, Inzara, ibikoresho birashira, byari bikomeye cyane. Urugamba rwa Stalingrad, rwabaye ikotaniro kuko rwatangiye kuva tariki 22 Kamena 1941 kugeza Tariki 9 Gicurasi 1945. Abadage bakoresheje imbaraga nyinshi muri uru rugamba runafatwa nka rumwe mu ngamba zikomeye zabayeho ku Isi cyane ko amateka anarugaragaza nk’urwa mbere rwarwanywe n’abantu benshi ku Isi. Kuko Bakomanda bakuru bari bahanganye bombi bari bafite ingabo zibarirwa mu Ma miliyoni. Urugamba rutangira mu 1941, Joseph Stalin yari afite ingabo 2,680,000 mu gihe uwo bari bahanganye Adolph Hitler, yari afite 3,767,000. Gusa urugamba rwagiye kurangira mu 1945, Stalin yaragiye yigarurira ingabo nyinshi mu bihugu byo mu burasirazuba bw’Uburayi byari byarigaruriwe n’Ubudage kuva mu 1939. Stalin yasoje afite ingabo 6,410,000, ku ruhande rw’Ubudagi hasigaye 1,960,000. Ubundi Abasoviyeti bababazwa no kuba ari bo bapfukamishije Ubudage bakinjira mu Murwa mukuru Berlin baririmba instinzi ariko bakabona USA ari igihugu cy’igihangange kubarusha. Ikindi gihugu cyari gikomeye ni ubuyapani. Abasoviyeti bahise bashoza urugamba kuri Manchukuo n’ahandi hose hagenzurwaga n’Ubuyapani tariki 9 Kanama, 1945. Nyuma Ubuyapani na bwo bwaje kumanika amaboko binaganisha ku musozo intambara ya Kabiri y’isi. Abasoviyeti ku rundi ruhande batakaje abantu benshi mu ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi, kuko babarirwa muri miliyoni 27. USA baza mu ntambara nyuma yo kwenderezwa n’Ubuyapani mu cyiswe attack on Pearl Harbor tariki 7 Ukuboza 1941, zaje zijya ku uruhande rw’Abasoviyeti. Ibihugu bikaze bine byari bigiye ku ruhande rumwe; Ubwongereza, USA, Ubushinwa n’Abasoviyeti; bahawe icyo gihe izina rya Big Four. Leta zunze ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti zari zimaze kubaka Izina ndetse zinjira mu bihugu bikomeye mu 1945 cyashyizwe mu bihugu 5 bihoraho bifite ijambo mu kanama ka ONU gashinzwe umutekano. Ndetse nyuma yo gukomeza kuzamura ubukungu, igisirikare, ikoranabuhanga, inkunga ku bihugu bizamuka mu iterambere n’indi mirongo migari ya Politiki byazamuye izina, igihugu kihinduka icya kabiri mu buhanganye inyuma ya USA zari zarungukiye bikomeye mu ntambara ya kabiri y’isi. Mu bindi Abasoviyeti bazamukiyemo cyane ni ubushakashatsi mu by’ikoranabuhanga, ubumenyi bw’ikirere n’isanzure muri rusange ndetse no gukora intwaro. Tuzakomeza ntuzacikwe ibikurikiraho..................... Richard Salongo/MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/abantu-barenga-10-bacukura-zahabu-bitabye | Igice cya 2:Ibintu wamenya kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse igihugu cy’igihangange nk’Uburusiya | Ubumwe bwa repubulika za gisosiyalisiti z’Abasoviyeti (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR cg Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques, URSS) zari ihuriro rya Repubulika 15 zunze ubumwe, zihuje ku mugaragaro. Ubushize twari twasubikiye aha,’Tariki 3 Mata, 1922, "troika" yarateranye yemeza Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin nk’umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyaka rya Gikomunisiti ry’Abasoviyeti, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union’. Dukomeje:Mbere y‘uko Lenin Apfa yari yaragize Joseph Stalin umukuru w’istinda ryitaga ku bakozi n’abaciye bugufi, ikintu cyamuhaye imbaraga cyane bigatuma agirirwa n’ikizere cyo kumusimbura. Gusa nyuma byaje gukomera kuko Joseph Stalin ngo yabonaga igihugu nta muvuduko kiriho kuko cyasaga n’ikigendera ku mabwiriza ya benshi, atangiza ubutegetsi bw’igitugu butajenjeka. Ibu byatumye ndetse akoresha imbaraga mu Kuboza 1927, yirukana Grigory Zinoviev na Leon Trotsky bari mu nama nkuru y’ishyaka ndetse bahise bahunga igihugu. Ibi byatunguye benshi kuko bari bazi ko nta muntu umwe ku giti washoboraga gufata umwanzuro nk’uwo. Mu 1928, Stalin yatangije gahunda y’imyaka itanu ya mbere ku ngoma ye, avuga ko agiye kubaka ubukungu bwa Gisosiyalisti. Yategetse ko ibintu byose bibyara inyungu byose biba ku ruhande rw’igihugu, bikagengwa na Leta. Yategetse guhuza ubutaka mu gihugu hose ubuhinzi bugakorwa ku mabwiriza ya Leta Atari bya bindi by’umuntu guhinga ibyo yishakiye. Politiki za Stalin zaje gusa n’izitsindwa mu mirongo imwe n’imwe ndetse mu gihugu haduka amapfa yari akomeye cyane, hapfa ababarirwa mu mamiliyoni, abasigaye bahahuriye n’uruva gusenya kuko bategekwaga gukora imirimo ivunanye ku ngufu. Imyigaragambyo ikomeye mu gihugu yarakomeje. Stalin mu myaka y’1936-1938, yagize ubwoba bwinshi ko yakorerwa Coup d’etat agahirikwa ku butegetsi. Atera ubwoba bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru afunga ndetse yica bamwe muri babandi bashinze ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti. Stalin yakoze ibitazibagirana mu mateka yica benshi kuko aza no muri batanu bambere mu bamennye amaraso menshi ku Isi. Mu makuru akomye yaje kuvumburwa nyuma agaragaza ko Stalin yafunze abarenga miliyoni n’igice, muri bo 681,692 bishwe barashwe. Umunyamateka Geoffrey Alan Hosking, Umwongereza w’imyaka 74 kuri ubu, yavuze ko myaka 10 kuva mu 1930 kuzamura, Stalin yamariye ku icumu abatavuga rumwe na we babarirwa hagati ya Miliyoni 10 na 11. Mu buzima bwe bivugwa ko yaba yarahitanye abantu miliyoni 23 mu buzima bwe. Muri iyo myaka kandi, Stalin yagiranye umubano na USA ku buryo mu 1932 n’1934, ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti bwitabiraga inama ku kugabanya intwaro ku bihugu runaka byabaga bitemerewe kugira intwaro runaka. Umubano wa USA n’Abasoviyeti wagize imbaraga mu 1933 ubwo mu Ugushyingo, hatorwaga Franklin D. Roosevelt wa munyamerika wayoboye manda nyinshi kuruta abandi, kuko yaguye mu ya kane; yahisemo na we kwemeza ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti ndetse bemeranya mu iby’ubuhahirane. Muri Nzeri 1934, Abasoviyeti binjiye muri League of Nations, wa muryango wasimbuwe na UN, Umuryango w’abibumbye. Mu Ukuboza 1936, Stalin yatoresheje itegekonshinga rishya noneho akomeza gutinywa na benshi ndetse ahabwa izina rya Pravda cg se igihangange, umuhanga n’intiti y’isi nshya, cg se inararibonye isumba izindi ku Isi, Umuyobozi w’ikirenga wa Politiki Nkomunisiti. Nyamara abanyamateka basesenguye inyandiko bavuze ko iryo tegekonshinga nta cyo ryari rivuze ku baturage kuko ryari rikubiyemo amategeko y’icengezamatwara ye. Abasomye igitabo Animal Farm cya George Orwell, izina ry’Ubwanditsi (Amazina nyakuri, Eric Arthur Blair) kigaragaza neza mu buryo bw’amarenga kuko hakoreshwa inyamaswa nyamara bavuga abantu. Tuzakomeza ntuzacikwe ibikurikiraho.....................
Chief Editor/MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/ibintu-byinshi-utigeze-umenya-kuri-leta-zunze-ubumwe-z | Ibintu wamenya kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse igihugu cy’igihangange nk’Uburusiya[Igice cya Mbere] | Ubumwe bwa repubulika za gisosiyalisiti z’Abasoviyeti (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR cg Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques, URSS) zari ihuriro rya Repubulika 15 zunze ubumwe, zihuje ku mugaragaro. Hari tariki 30 Ukuboza 1922 ubwo ibihugu byasinyaga amasezerano yo kwihuza. Bayasinyiye I Moscow mu Burusiya. Ubumwe bwaje guhinduka ubutane tariki 26 Ukuboza, 1991. Izi repubulika zunze ubumwe zaje gusenyuka mu 1991 aho zari ziyobowe na Mikhail Gorbachev ziri ku buso bwa 22,402,200 km² zituwe n’abaturage 293,047,571. Izina “Soviet” rikomoka mu kirusiya rikaba risobanura, Inama nkuru, Inama rusange, Ubumwe, amasezerano, n’andi asa n’ayo. Amateka y’inkomoko y’igihugu cy’Uburusiya Kuva mu 1721 hari ubwami bw’amarusiya bwayoborwaga n’umwami w’abami wahabwaga izina rya Tsar. Ubu bwami bwaje guhirikwa mu kwezi kwa Kabiri 1917. Tsar wa nyuma Nicholas II, yarahiritswe hashingiwe ku kuba abantu barasaba impinduka mu gihugu. Ubwo hahise hajyaho Guverinoma y’inzibacyuho na yo yaje nyuma guhirikwa n’abo mu ishyaka ry’Aba Bolshevik ryari riyobowe na Vladimir Lenin. Ryari ishyaka rikomeye kandi ririmo abanyagihugu benshi cyane kuri icyo gihe bari mu ishyaka rya Gisosiyalisiti Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). Guhirika Tsar Nicholas II byaroroshye cyane kuko n’isi ubwayo yatigiswaga n’intambara ya mbere y’isi yaganaga ku umusozo mu 1917, kuko intambara yo yatangiye tariki 28 Nyakanga 1914 amasezerano yo kuyihagarika asinywa tariki 11 Ugushyingo 1918. Mu gihugu habaye intambara zikomeye, amaraso ameneka ari menshi birangira Tsar Nicholas II ahiritswe ndetse we n’umuryango we ni ukuvuga umugore we Tsarina Alexandra n’abana be batanu ndetse n’abari babaherekeje bahunga biciwe mu mujyi wa Yekaterinburg hari tariki 17 ukwa karindwi 1918. Tariki 28 Ukuboza 1922, ibihugu byari mu bwami bw’Uburusiya n’ibituranyi byabyo byagenderaga ku mahame ya Gisosiyalisti byanzuye kwishyira hamwe bikayoborwa mu uburyo bumwe. Ibihugu by’Uburusiya, Transcaucase, Ukraine, Byelorussia bifata iyambere mu gushyiraho Repubulika zunze ubumwe bwabo nk’abasoviyeti kuko bari bafite amahame asa. Tariki ya Mbere Gashyantare, 1924, ubumwe bwabo bwemerwa n’Ubwami bw’Abongereza ndetse hemezwa n’itegekonshinga ryabo rya mbere. Icyo gihe urugamba rwari urwo gukaza ivugurura mu bukungu, inganda, na Politiki. Icyo gihe ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti bwayoborwaga n’inama nkuru zitandukanye ku kintu runaka, izo nama zikemeza ibintu bigashyirwaho umukono na Vladimir Lenin. Izo nama zaje kwemeza ikintu cyakunzwe cyen n’abaturage ubwo hashyirwagaho umugambi GOELRO plan, wari ugamije kugeza amashanyarazi mu gice cyose gisinye kuba mu bumwe bw’abasoviyeti. Ibi byari muri gahunda z’imyaka itanu itanu bagenderagaho biza kurangira mu 1931, amashanyarazi yarageze mu gihugu hose. Kuva Repubulika z’Abasoviyeti zakiyemeza kwishyira hamwe, zanzuye ko habaho ishyaka rimwe rukumbi, rya Gikomunisiti gusa nyuma haba ikiswe "War communism" byari nk’ubwumvikane buke mu bukungu, hanzuwe ko hagira abantu bake bagira inganda z’abikorera na zo zigakorana na Leta yo iba igomba kugira ibintu byose mu nganda, ubukungu n’ibindi. Ibyo kugira ishyaka rimwe, Abasoviyeti bavugaga ko ari muri gahunda yo kugendera ku murongo umwe ngo batazigera bacwa urwaho n’abakapitalisiti bakababibamo politiki y’ubwikunde. Upfuye ari umukuru w’inama nkuru yagombaga gusimburwa byemejwe na "troika" cyangwa se Abakuru b’inama zitandukanye bahuriye hamwe. Ni na ko byagenze mu 1924 ubwo Vladimir Lenin yatabarukaga. Tariki 3 Mata, 1922, "troika" yarateranye yemeza Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin nk’umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyaka rya Gikomunisiti ry’Abasoviyeti, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Tuzakomeza............... Chief Editor/MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/umugore-w-intwari-amateka-akomeye-yifuzwaga-na-benshi-y | Umugore w’intwari : Amateka akomeye yifuzwaga na benshi y’umusirikare w’umugore w’inkotanyi wafotowe ateruye umwana mu rugamba rwo guhagarika ... | Amateka akomeye y’umusirikare w’umugore wafotowe ateruye umwana mu kubohora igihugu yifuzwaga na benshi mu gihe tukiri mu minsi 100 yo kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kunshuro ya 26 ubu ugaragara mungoro y’amateka igaragaza amateka yo guhagarika Jenoside no ku bohora Igihugu Rtd captain Daphrosa Intaramirwa yasize umuryango we aza ku rugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, nyuma arera abana b’imfubyi barokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Gusiga abana be batanu n’umugabo muri Uganda akaza ku rugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda ntibyashimishije benshi. Ariko we yirengagije abamushinjaga kutita ku muryango, akurikiza icyo umutima we wamubwiraga ko cyari gikwiye. Mu Ukuboza 2017, u Rwanda rwungutse ingoro nshya ikubiyemo amateka y’urugendo rw’ingabo zari iza APR zahagaritse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ikaba imwe mu zicungwa n’Ikigo cy’Ingoro z’Umurage w’u Rwanda. Ubwo yafunguraga ku mugaragaro iyi ngoro yuzuyemo amateka y’uko urugamba rwagenze kugeza ubwo tariki ya 7 Nyakanga igihugu kibohowe. Ubwo iyi ngoro yatahwaga Perezida Paul Kagame yitegereje ifoto y’umugore wambaye imyenda ya gisirikare y’ingabo za RPA ateruye umwana. Uretse Perezida Kagame wafotowe yitegereza iyi foto, n’abandi bantu basanzwe bagiye basura iyi Ngoro Ndangamateka y’Urugamba rwo guhagarika Jenoside iherereye mu nyubako y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda, bagiye bagaragaza ko iri mu byabashimishije ndetse bakabisangiza abandi ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Ibinyamakuru bya tangiye gushakisha uriya musirikare ndetse n’umwana yari ateruye, ibintu bitari byoroshye kuko nubwo ababanye nawe mu gihe cy’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu bamuvugaga ibigwi, batagaragaza uko bamubona ndetse bamwe bakavuga ko ashobora kuba yaritabye Imana. Nyuma yo gushakisha ibinyamakuru byaje kubwirwa n’umwe mu bakozi bacyo ko amuzi, kuko avuga ko we n’abavandimwe be barokowe n’Inkotanyi bajyanwa ahitwa Urumuri. Nubwo yavuze ko izina rye ari Intaramirwa Daphrose ndetse azi neza ko akiriho, hari hashize nk’umwaka atazi amakuru y’aho aherereye. Ku bw’amahirwe ariko baje kumenyako Rtd Capt Intaramirwa atuye mu karere ka Nyagatare, aho umwe mu bakozi b’iki kinyamakuru yagiye kumusura, amusaba ko baganira. Mu kiganiro bagiranye yavuze ko atibuka igihe iriya foto yafatiwe. Ati “Ntabwo nibuka umunsi yafotoreweho ariko ndibuka ko hari umunyamakuru wavugaga Igiswahili wagendaga afata amafoto. Hari byinshi byo gukora, twari dufite igihugu tugomba kugaruramo amahoro, hari imfubyi nyinshi. Hari abasivili benshi bashonje kandi bakomeretse bazaga aho twari turi. Ibintu byari bimeze nabi, gufata amafoto ntabwo byari mu bintu byihutirwa.” Yakomeje avuga ko Interahamwe zahigaga ndetse zikica inzirakarengane, mu gihe Inkotanyi zo zarwanaga zishaka gutabara Abanyarwanda benshi bashoboka. Mu barokowe hakaba harimo abana barimo n’abafite ukwezi kumwe aho bajyanwaga ku Kigo cyari cyariswe Urumuri ndetse n’ahandi hakoraga nkacyo. Ubwo Jenoside yatangiraga ku ya 7 Mata 1994, Perefegitura ya Byumba kuri ubu isigaye ariko akarere ka Gicumbi ari naho FPR yari ifite ibirindiro yari yarabohowe, abantu benshi bakaba barahahungiraga kuko babaga bizeye gukira. Iriya foto ya Intaramirwa ateruye umwana yafatiwe mu Urumuri, aho ariwe wari uyoboye itsinda ryitaga ku mfubyi zari zihari. Ajya ku rugamba ntawari uzi ko yabyaye Intaramirwa w’imyaka iri hafi 70 wari waravukiye i Gahini mu Burasirazuba bw’u Rwanda, yavuye mu Rwanda ahungira muri Uganda ubwo Abatutsi batangiraga kwicwa. Ubwo urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu rwatangiraga mu Ukwakira 1990, yari atuye mu cyaro cya Bulemezi akaba yari yarashakanye n’Umunya- Uganda. Nubwo cyari icyemezo kitoroshye, uyu mubyeyi wari ufite abana batandatu yafashe umwanzuro wo gusanga abandi ku rugamba, ndetse umugabo we aramushyigikira. Intaramirwa kuri ubu ufite abana bane n’abuzukuru, aho umwe yapfuye mbere y’urugamba, mu gihe undi yapfuye adahari. Avuga ko bagenzi be bamenye ko yabyaye ubwo umwe mu bana be nawe yazaga mu ntambara yo kubohora igihugu. Ati “Birambabaza cyane kuba ntarabashije gushyingura umwana wanjye ariko nzi neza ko ubu aruhukiye mu mahoro kuko urugamba twariho rwari rukwiye.” Amashereka ye yahembuye benshi Mu masaha agera ku munani abanyamakuru bamaranye na Intaramirwa, bamusabye kubashushanyiriza uko ubuzima bwari bwifashe na bariya bana, ikibazo yagerageje gusubiza nubwo hari aho yageraga agafatwa n’ikiniga. Ati“Ubuzima bwari bubi. Yego hari ibyo kurya nk’amata na celerac. Nagombaga konsa abari abana, rimwe na rimwe iyo nariraga nabo barariraga. Ariko baje kurokoka, ubu ni ababyeyi b’abagore n’abagabo. Ibi nibyo bituma nsabwa n’ibyiyumviro, iyo mpuye nabo turarira kubera ibyabaye ariko nkababwira ko dufite igihugu cyiza kizabitaho.” Hari amakuru avuga ko mu Urumuri aho uyu mubyeyi yabaga habaga imfubyi zigera ku 100, ubwo Jenoside yahagarikwaga muri Nyakanga, bamwe bakaba barajyanywe mu bigo by’imfubyi, abandi bagafashwa n’imiryango itegamiye kuri leta yari yaratangiye gukorera mu gihugu. Hari n’abanze gutandukana nawe ariko aza kubana nabo mu Mujyi wa Kigali, abandi bahujwe n’imiryango yabo. Ese umwana agaragara ateruye ni inde? Intaramirwa avuga ko uriya mwana yari ateruye yazanywe mu Urumuri na se wari ugiye ku rugamba. Ubwo FPR yamaraga gufata igihugu muri Nyakana 1994, uyu mugabo ngo yagarutse gufata umwana we. Ati “Nyuma ariko y’imyaka itari mike naje kumenya ko umwana yapfuye azize indwara. Icy’ingenzi ariko ni uko uriya mwana yarokotse kwicwa n’Interahamwe.” Uyu mubyeyi uganira n’abana yitayeho kuri ubu bakuze binyuze mu matsinda ya WhatsApp yitwa Family Masaka” na “Family Urumuri”, aho atuye ni umuyobozi w’umudugudu, umwanya ahora atorerwa kandi abasha kwitwaramo neza by’umwihariko abifashijwemo n’indangagaciro za gisirikare zikimuri mu maraso. Ahamya ko ubwo umwana w’umukobwa n’umuhungu bose bashoboye ndetse kuba yararwaniraga ibintu bifatika bikaba biri mu byatumye adacika intege. Yafashe umwanzuro wo gusezera mu ngabo mu 1997 kuko yumvaga ko umusanzu we yawutanze, bityo akwiye kureka abakiri bato bagakomereza aho yari agejeje. Avuga ko iriya foto igaragaza Kagame amwitegereza yagiye ayohererezwa kenshi nyuma gato y’uko iriya ngoro itashywe. Akaba avuga ko yakwishima kurushaho agize amahirwe yo kwifotozanya na Perezida we. Ati “Ntewe ishema n’aho igihugu kigeze uyu munsi. Ni umugabo udapfa kubona umwanya kugira ngo tugere aha hari ibitambo byinshi byagombaga gutangwa. Birumvikana ko nari kwishima kurushaho iyo ngira amahirwe yo kuba muri iriya foto na perezida wanjye, ariko nzi neza ko hari igihe kizagera nkabasha gufata ikiganza cye.” Salongo Richard/MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/tariki-6-kamena-1994-uko-guverinoma-y-abicanyi-yagendaga | Tariki 6 Kamena 1994 : Uko Guverinoma y’abicanyi yagendaga itsindwa urugamba rwa gisilikare yarwanaga na FPR-INKOTANYI - Dr BIZIMANA Jean ... | Uko Guverinoma y’abicanyi yagendaga itsindwa urugamba rwa gisilikare yarwanaga na FPR-INKOTANYI, ni nako yageragezaga gushakisha uburyo bwose bushoboka ngo idatsindwa urugamba harimo kugura intwaro mu mahanga irenze ku mwanzuro w’Inama y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ishinzwe Amahoro yabuzaga ibihugu byose kugurisha u Rwanda intwaro. Ni nako kandi yakomeje gushishikariza abaturage kwica Abatutsi bari bataricwa no kubaha uburyo bwose bwo gusoza Jenoside mu bihe bya vuba. 1) GUVERINOMA YA KAMBANDA YAKORESHEJE UBURYO BWA DIPLOMASI ISHAKA GUHISHA ISURA Y’UBWICANYI YAKORERAGA ABATUTSI Ku itariki 6 Kamena 1994, I Tunis mu gihugu cya Tuniziya hatangiya inama y’abaminisitiri b’ububanyi n’amahanga b’Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Afurika (OUA), yari igamije gutegura iy’abakuru b’ibihugu bigize uwo Muryango yagomga guterana ku matariki ya 13-15 Kamena 1994. Mu nama zitandukanye za Guverinoma ya KAMBANDA zabaye muri Gicurasi na Kamena 1994, hagiye hemezwa ko Guverinoma igomba gushyira imbaraga mu gushaka intwaro no kugarura isura nziza yayo ikoresheje ububanyi n’amahanga (diplomasi) ikagaragaza ko nta bwicanyi ikorera abaturage, ahubwo ibyaha byose ikabigereka kuri FPR-INKOTANYI. Iyi ni nayo nama Ubufransa bwari bwaragiriye Guverinoma ya KAMBANDA mu bihe bitandukanye. Twibutse ko mu rwego rwa politiki na diplomasi, ku wa 24 Mata 1994, Guverinoma ya KAMBANDA yohereje intumwa mu Bufransa zigizwe na Jerome BICAMUMPAKA wari Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga na Jean Bosco BARAYAGWIZA wari umuyobozi mukuru muri Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ushinzwe politiki na diplomasi. Izi ntumwa z’u Rwanda zakiriwe muri Perezidansi ya Repuburika y’Ubufransa na Bruno DELAYE wari Umujyanama wihariye wa Perezida MITTERRAND ushinzwe Afurika; zakirwa kandi na Edouard BALLADUR wari Minisitiri w’Intebe ndetse na Alain JUPPE wari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’amahanga. Mu rwego rwa gisilikare, ku matariki ya 9-13 Gicurasi 1994, Ubufransa bwakiriye intumwa z’u Rwanda zari ziyobowe na Liyetona Koloneli Ephrem RWABARINDA; zikaba zari zirimo Colonel Sebastien NTAHOBARI wari uhagarariye u Rwanda mu butwererane bwa gisilikare muri Ambasade y’u Rwanda mu Bufransa (Attache militaire) na Liyetona Koloneli Cyprien KAYUMBA wari ushinzwe imari muri Minisiteri y’ingabo y’u Rwanda; mu gihe cya Jenoside KAYUMBA yamaze iminsi 27 mu Bufransa muri gahunda yo gushakisha intwaro. Mu bayobozi b’Ubufransa bakiriye izo ntumwa za gisilikare z’u Rwanda, harimo Jenerali Jean-Pierre HUCHON wari Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ubutwererane mu bya gisilikare muri Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’Ubufransa. Raporo y’ubutumwa yakozwe na Liyetona Koloneli RWABARINDA ijyanye n’ibyavugiwe muri ubwo butumwa, igaragaza ko Ubufransa bwemeye guha u Rwanda ubufasha mu bya gisilikare kandi butanga inama ko Guverinoma igomba gukora ibishoboka ikanoza isura yayo mu mahanga. Ni nayo mpamvu ku itariki 22 Gicurasi 1994, Perezida Tewodori SINDIKUBWABO yandikiye ibaruwa Perezida Francois MITTERRAND w’Ubufransa amushimira ku nkunga yose Ubufransa bwahaye u Rwanda kuva muri 1990, anamwinginga ko iyo nkunga iwkiye kwiyongera cyane cyane ko kuri uwo munsi Ingabo za FPR-INKOTANYI zari zamaze gufata ikibuga mpuzamahanga cy’indege cya Kigali I Kanombe. Hashingiwe kuri icyo cyizere Guverinoma ya KAMBANDA yemeje ko intumwa zayo zigomba guhaguruka zikazenguruka amahanga zigerageza guhisha ko iyo Guverinoma iriho ikora Jenoside. Ni muri urwo rwego intumwa zayo zitabiriye inama ya OUA yo mu rwego rwa ba Minisitiri ndetse na Perezida SINDIKUBWABO akayitabira nk’Umukuru w’Igihugu ku wa 13-15 Gicurasi 1994. Amagambo yahavugiye yaranzwe no guhakana ko Guverinoma ye yari iriho ikora Jenoside, atangaza ko ikibazo cyari mu Rwanda ari intambara NGO U Rwanda rwashowemo na FPR-INKOTANYI. Ayo magambo yamaganywe na benshi mu bari muri iyo nama y’I Tunis bagaragaza ko ari ikinyoma. Intumwa z’u Rwanda zagaragarijwe muri iyo nama ko byamaze kugaragara ko Guverinoma n’abasilikare bayo iriho yica abaturage b’abasivile b’Abatutsi aho kujya ku rugamba rwa gisilikare ngo barwane na FPR-INKOTANYI mu rwego rwa gisilikare. 2) UMUBARE MUNINI W’INKOMERE Z’ABASILIKARE BA LETA N’UW’ABAGUYE KU RUGAMBA WAGARAGAJWE NK’IKIBAZO CY’INGUTU KIBANGAMIYE IKORWA RYA JENOSIDE Mu nama yo ku wa 06 Kamena 1994, Minisitiri w’Intebe yasobanuye mu ncamake ibyo yaganiriye mu nama yagiranye n’abakuru b’ingabo na jandarumori ku wa 05 Kamena 1994. Kimwe mu bibazo basuzumye ni ikijyanye n’umubare munini w’inkomere mu basilikare bayo bavuga ko inkomere bari bafite zirenga ibihumbi bitanu (5000), naho abaguye ku rugamba kuva muri mata 1994 bakaba bagera ku gihumbi (1000). 3) NYIRAMASUHUKO, NGIRABATWARE NA KAREMERA BAGARAGARIJE INAMA YA GUVERINOMA UBURYO “AUTO-DEFENSE CIVILE” IKORWA MU BICE BAGENZURA Inama ya Guverinoma yo ku wa 6 Kamena 1994 yasuzumye kandi uburyo abaturage barimo bashyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza ya “auto-defense civile” nkuko yashyizwe ahagaragara na Minisitiri w’Intebe Jean KAMBANDA. UMWANZURO Kigali, 06 Kamena 2020 Dr BIZIMANA Jean Damascène Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside, CNLG |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/4-kamena-1994-guverinoma-y-abatabazi-yababajwe-n-uko | 4 Kamena 1994: Guverinoma y’Abatabazi yababajwe n’uko yatangiye gutakaza igice kinini yari yarimukiyemo | Ku itariki 4 Kamena 1994, Guverinoma ya KAMBANDA (yiyise Guverinoma y’Abatabazi) yagaragaje mu nama ya Guverinoma ko ingabo zayo zari hafi gutakaza Umujyi wa Gitarama nyuma y’ifatwa rya Kabgayi. Mu nama y’Abaminisitiri be yabaye uwo munsi ndetse n’izakurikiyeho hemejwe ibikorwa byo kongera intwaro mu nterahamwe, gukaza ubugenzuzi bw’uburyo amabwiriza ya auto-défense civile akorwa no gukomeza gushakisha intwaro hirya no hino mu mahanga zo kwihutisha Jenoside. Hashoboye kuboneka Agenda za KAMBANDA na bamwe mu ba Minisitiri be zanakoreshejwe nk’ibimenyetso bishinja mu manza zabo zabereye mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda. Izi Agenda zerekana uburyo umugambi wa Jenoside wakomeje gukazwa mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Gicurasi n’intangiriro za Kamena 1994. Inama nyinshi za Guverinoma zabaye muri iyo minsi suzumye uburyo bwo gushaka imbunda, amasasu n’ibindi bikoresho byo guhangana na FPR-INKOTANYI no gusoza Jenoside. Guverinoma ya Kambanda yiyemeje gukomeza kwica Abatutsi ibishyiramo imbaraga zidasanzwe mu Nama z’Abaminisitiri NYIRAMASUHUKO yanditse muri Agenda ye ko inama ya Guverinoma yo ku wa 01 Kamena 1994 yemeje ko ba Minisitiri bakomeza gukurikirana ikorwa rya Jenoside muri gahunda bise “auto-défense civile” muri za Perefegitura. Gitarama igakomeza gukurikiranwa na Minisitiri Callixte NZABONIMANA. Gisenyi igakurikiranwa na ba Minisitiri Augustin NGIRABATWARE na Jean de Dieu HABINEZA n’ahandi gahunda igakomeza gukurikiranwa na ba Minisitiri bahashinzwe. Mu rwego rwo kwihutisha « auto-défense civile », NYIRAMASUHUKO yari ashinzwe kuyikurikirana muri Perefegitura ya Butare. Ku itariki 31 Gicurasi 1994, NYIRAMASUHUKO yanditse muri Agenda ye ko yakoresheje inama muri Komini za Muyaga, Rusatira, Ruhashya na Nyabisindu. Ntiyavuze abo yayikoranye nabo, ariko yagaragaje ko havuzwe ku kibazo kirebana n’urugamba yandika ko « kugemurira abari ku rugamba bidashoboka ‘donc’ bagomba kurya ibyo basanze ». NYIRAMASUHUKO yakomeje yandika uburyo Jenoside igomba gukomeza gukorwa akabivuga muri aya magambo : « gusaka hose mu ngo, kuvanaho ibihuru aho biri hose, gutema amashyamba, kugurira abaturage ibikoti by’imbeho, gushaka imipanga, gukaza uburinzi kandi hagashakwa urubyiruko rugera ku bihumbi bibiri (2000) bizewe mu gihe kitarenze iminsi ibiri no kwambara ibirere nk’ikimenyetso kiranga abahuje umugambi. » NYIRAMASUHUKO yanagaragaje amazina y’abategetsi bagomba kuyobora icyo gikorwa cyo gushaka urubyiruko muri Butare rwiyongera ku rukora Jenoside muri za Komini no kubaha ibikoresho byavuzwe: Komini Maraba : gushaka abasore 30 bishingwa uwari diregiteri wa Gereza ya Butare witwa MUNYERAGWE ; Komini Ruhashya : abasore 30 bikayoborwa na porokireri wa Repuburika i Butare, Mathias BUSHISHI; Komini Rusatira: abasore 60 bikayoborwa na Sylvain HARINDINTWALI wari umukuru wa serivisi y’iperereza muri Butare; Komini Mugusa: abasore 60 bikayoborwa na Perefe (Colonel Alphonse Nteziryayo); Komini Runyina na Gishamvu: ntihagaragajwe umubare w’abakenewe ariko NYIRAMASUHUKO yanditse ko icyo gikorwa kizayoborwa na superefe Assiel SIMBALIKURE. Uwo mugambi wo kongera umubare w’interahamwe mu gihugu hose warakwiriye kuko muri Agenda ya Jean KAMBANDA yo ku wa 04 Kamena 1994, KAMBANDA yanditsemo ko kugira ngo batsinde umwanzi hagomba gushakwa abasore 30 muri buri Komini; ni ukuvuga abasore 30×145 = 4350; iki gikorwa gishingwa Minisitiri NYIRAMASUHUKO. Icyo gihe hanavuzwe ko intwaro zari zaratumijwe muri Afurika y’Epfo zari kugera mu Rwanda ku wa mbere tariki ya 7 Kamena 1994 mbere ya saa sita. Muri Agenda ya NYIRAMASUHUKO yanditse kandi ko muri Komini Ngoma (Butare) hagomba kwitabwaho kurusha ahandi, hagashakwa abantu bihishe mu mashyamba kuko ¾ by’ubutaka bwa Komini bugizwe n’amashyamba. Akomeza avuga ko buri wese agomba kugira icyo ashinzwe kandi muri buri Selire hagashyirwa ba resiponsabule byibura batanu (5), akanamenyesha ko Kmainuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda yifuza guhabwa imbunda mu rwego rwa “auto-défense civile” kandi ko Kaminuza yiteguye kuzatanga amafranga y’izo mbunda. Iyi gahunda yo kwihutisha Jenoside batsemba Abatutsi bari bataricwa kuri aya matariki inagaragara muri Agenda za Jean KAMBANDA wari Minisitiri w’Intebe, Augustin NGIRABATWARE wari Minisitiri w’igenamigambi na Edouard KAREMERA wari Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu. KAMBANDA na KAREMERA bakatiwe igihano cya cy’igifungo cya burundu n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda naho NGIRABATWARE akatirwa igifungo cy’imyaka mirongo itatu n’itanu. Inama za ba Minisitiri zakajije ingamba zo gushakisha ku buryo bwose intwaro n’amasasu mu mahanga byo guhangana na FPR-INKOTANYI no gusoza Jenoside Ku itariki ya 01 Kamena 1994, NYIRAMASUHUKO yanditse ko habaye inama ya Guverinoma yaganiriye ku migendekere y’intambara ikamenyeshwa ko ingabo za Guverinoma zari muri batayo ya 96 yabarizwaga i Muvumba zagiye zitsindwa mu birindiro byazo zigahungira i Byumba, zikomereza i Rwamagana, Kibungo, Bugesera, Nyanza na Rukondo. NYIRAMASUHUKO yagaragaje ko inama ya Guverinoma yasanze abasilikare bakeneye ibikoresho, ngo bakaba bafite ikibazo cy’ibyitso ngo biri mu basilikare, ngo hakaba kandi habura gushyira hamwe guhagije hagati y’abasilikare na Guverinoma ngo kuko hari bamwe muri bo bifuza kugirana imishyikirano n’umwanzi bonyine. NYIRAMASUHUKO yanditse ko muri iyo nama ya ba Minisitiri yo ku wa 01 Kamena 1994, haganiriwe kandi ku bijyanye no kugura imbunda, amasasu n’ibindi bikoresho bya gisirikare. NYIRAMASUHUKO yanditse ko Guverinoma yatanze amafranga angana na miliyoni icyenda z’amadolari y’Amerika (9.000.000$) zo kugura intwaro mu Misiri. Hakaba n’andi mafranga miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi magana abiri y’amadolari y’Amerika (4.200.000$) yo kugura intwaro babinyujije ku witwa Dominique Lemonnier w’Umufaransa bigakurikiranwa na Colonel BAGOSORA na Lt Colonel Jean Bosco Ingenieur RUHORAHOZA. NYIRAMASUHUKO kandi yanditse ko hari andi mafranga miliyoni ebyiri n’ibihumbi magana abiri y’amadolari y’Amerika (2.200.000$) yari amaze amezi arindwi yaratanzwe mu kugura intwaro, hakaba hari icyuzere ko izo ntwaro zari kugera mu Rwanda (garantie de livraison). NYIRAMASUHUKO yanagaragaje ko KARAMIRA yari mu butumwa mu mahanga bwo kugura intwaro ariko ko yari ataragaruka. Muri Agenda ya Jean KAMBANDA bigaragara ko muri iyo nama yo ku wa 01 Kamena 1994, Guverinoma yemeje ko Banki ya Kigali igomba guhatirwa gutanga amafranga y’amadevize kugira ngo izo ntwaro zishobore kugurwa. Iki kibazo cy’ahantu Guverinoma izakura amafranga cyananditswe na NGIRABATWARE muri Agenda ye agaragaza ko mu nama yo ku wa 06 Kamena 1994, Guverinoma yemeje ko amadevize ari muri SONARWA agomba kuvanwayo agakoreshwa. Muri Agenda ya KAMBANDA irebana n’inama y’Abaminisitiri yabaye ku wa 4 Kamena 1994 handitse ko Inama yanaganiriye kuri gahunda yo gushaka abacanshuro bunganira ingabo za Leta bagera ku gihumbi na magana atanu (1500). Mu nama KAMBANDA yakoranye n’abakuru b’ingabo na Jandarumori ku wa 05 Kamena 1994, nkuko bigaragara muri Agenda ye, hemejwe ko abo bacanshuro bazashakwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika no mu Bubiligi. Inama yo ku wa 4 Kamena 1994 kandi yemeje ko Umujyi wa Gitarama wigaruriwe n’Ingabo za FPR-INKOTANYI ariyo mpamvu muri iyo nama hashyizweho Perefe w’umusilikare, major UKURIKIYEYEZU Jean-Damascène asimbuye Fidele UWIZEYE. Mu nama ya Guverinoma yabaye ku wa 06 Kamena 1994, Agenda ya Jean KAMBANDA igaragaza ko hasohowe andi mafranga menshi yavanywemo kontaro ebyiri zo gutumiza intwaro mu Bushinwa. Kontaro ya mbere yari igizwe na miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atandatu y’amadolari (1.600.000 $) n’indi ya miliyoni ebyiri n’ibihumbi magana abiri y’amadolari (2.200.000$). Iyi nama yanagaragaje ko hari kontaro Guverinoma ya Jean KAMBANDA yari yasinyanye n’Umufransa batavuze izina. Uyu yaramenyekanye nyuma ya Jenoside, ni uwitwa Dominique Yves Lemonnier wari ufite sosiyete y’ubucuruzi yitwaga DYL INVEST yari ifite icyicaro ahitwa Annecy mu Bufaransa. Inama za ba Minisitiri zemeje kurushaho kwishyira hamwe mu gukora Jenoside no kunoza isura ya Guverinoma y’abicanyi Muri Agenda ya KAMBANDA ivuga ku byaganiriweho mu nama ya ba Minisitiri be yo ku wa 04 Kamena 1994, yanditse ko isura ya Guverinoma ye ari mbi cyane mu mahanga, hakaba hagomba gukora ibishoboka ngo bayikosore. KAMBANDA ntiyavuze ko icyateraga kwangirika kw’iyo sura ari ubwicanyi yakoraga na Guverinoma ye, ariko niyo mpamvu nta yindi. KAMBANDA akavuga ko Ubufransa bwiteguye kubafasha ariko ko bwasabye ko KAMBANDA na Guverinoma ye bakwihutira gushaka ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Uganda iha ubufasha FPR-INKOTANYI, bityo Ubufransa bukabigira impamvu zo gusobanura ubufasha nabwo bwiteguye guha Guverinoma ya KAMBANDA. Ingamba z’icyo gikorwa cy’itumanaho zigaragara neza muri Agenda ya NGIRABATWARE aho yanditse ko inama ya Guverinoma yo ku wa 06 Kamena 1994 yemeje isinywa ry’amasezerano ya sosiyete eshatu zizobereye mu itumanaho (communication) zo mu Bufransa no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zizabafasha guhisha ikorwa rya Jenoside, banemeza ko Perezida wa Repuburika na Minisitiri w’Intebe bagomba gukora ingendo zisobanura urugamba barimo, ni ukuvuga Jenoside. Ni na bwo hemejwe ko Perezida Tewodori SINDIKUBWABO agomba gukorera urugendo Addis Abeba mu Muryango w’Ibihugu by’Afurika gukora icyiswe “lobbying” (ubuvugizi) mu bihugu by’Afurika, kandi hagakorwa intambara yifashishije itangazamakuru (guerre mediatique). NGIRABATWARE yananditse ko Inama y’abaminisitiri yasanze mu Nterahamwe no mu basilikare harimo abafashwe neza kurusha abandi, bikaba biteza ibibazo by’ubwumvikane buke kandi bakeneye gushyira hamwe mu guhashya umwanzi. Iyi nama yo ku wa 6 Kamena 1994 yanavuze ko mu ngabo z’Igihugu harimo ibyitso, bamwe muri ibyo byitso ngo bakaba ari Abatutsi, ariko ngo no mu Banyanduga harimo Ibyitso kubera ikibazo cy’amacakubiri ashingiye ku Turere (regionalisme). Iki kibazo cyananditswe na KAMBANDA muri Agenda ye aho avuga ko amacakubiri ahari mu ngabo, ariko akongeraho ko “ikibazo cy’ibyitso muri jandarumori ntawe ukwiye kugikabiriza.” Nyamara nubwo KAMBANDA asa nk’utesha agaciro iki kibazo cy’amacakubiri muri Jandarumori ni ukubeshya. Mu nama zitandukanye zabanjirije iyi ngiyi, nk’iyabaye ku wa 4 Kamena 1994, amacakubiri muri jandarumori yaganiriweho cyane. Muri Agenda ya KAMBANDA hagaragara ko muri iyi nama banatekereje gusimbuza Jenerali NDINDIRIYIMANA Augustin ku buyobozi bwa Jandarumori bakanasuzumwa lisiti y’abakandida bashobora kumusimbura ariko ntihagira uwo bahurizaho. Mu bakandida baganiriweho harimo: Colonel NYIRIMANZI, Colonel RUTAYISIRE, Colonel NTIWIRAGABO na Colonel RWARAKABIJE. NGIRABATWARE we yanditse ko iyo nama yo ku wa 06 Kamena 1994 yanemeje gukaza imikorere ya “auto-defense civile” Guverinoma igaha abaturage uburyo bwo kuyikora kandi igashishikariza abavuye mu byabo kubisubiramo. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, NGIRABATWARE yanditse ko Guverinoma yemeje hagomba gushyirwaho imikorere ya “auto-defense civile” muri buri Komini na buri segiteri, kandi ba Minisitiri bakamanuka bakegera abaturage, bakajya gukurikirana umunsi ku munsi imigendekere y’iyi gahunda, aho gukora inama za ba Minisitiri buri munsi mu biro. Ukwezi kwa Kamena 1994 kwageze Jenoside imaze guhitana Abatutsi benshi cyane muri perefegitura zose z’igihugu. Nkuko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko z’inama za Guverinoma y’abicanyi zabonywe muri Agenda ya Minisitiri w’Intebe Jean KAMBANDA, na bamwe muri ba Minisitiri, zikaba zarifashishijwe mu manza zabo muri TPIR, bakaba baratsinzwe bagahamwa n’ibyaha by’ubwicanyi bwa Jenoside, Guverinoma ya KAMBANDA niyo yashyize mu bikorwa umugambi wo gutsemba Abatutsi. Uyu mugambi wari warateguwe na mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida HABYARIMANA kandi HABYARIMANA n’agatsiko ke nibo bawuteguye. Dr BIZIMANA Jean Damascène, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside, CNLG |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/amatariki-y-ingenzi-yaranze-ikorwa-rya-jenoside-i-kabgayi-n | Amatariki y’ingenzi yaranze ikorwa rya Jenoside i Kabgayi n’uburyo INKOTANYI zarokoye Abatutsi | Mu gihe Jenoside yakorwaga mu ntangiriro z’ukwezi kwa kane 1994, Abatutsi batangiye guhunga berekeza i Kabgayi bavuye mu bice bitandukanye kuva ku itariki 12 Mata 1994. Kugeza ku itariki ya 20 Mata 1994 i Kabgayi hari hamaze kugera impunzi nyinshi z’Abatutsi maze zishyirwa ahantu hatandukanye mu mazu ari I Kabgayi. Kuva Abatutsi bahagera, interahamwe n’abasirikare bazaga kurobanuramo bamwe bakicirwa imbere mu bigo by’ayo mazu, hanze yabyo, ndetse no mu ishyamba rya Kabgayi. Ku wa 31 Gicurasi 1994, MINUAR yatangaje ko abagera kuri magana atanu (500) bishwe inoherezayo inzobere zemeje ko ubwo bwicanyi koko bwakozwe. Abarokotse ubwo bwicanyi bwose nibo Ingabo za FPR-INKOTANYI zarokoye ku wa 02 Kamena 1994. Imiterere y’Inkambi ya Kabgayi Impunzi z’i Kabgayi zari mu mazu atandukanye ya Kiliziya gatorika akurikira: Mu kigo cy’amashuri abanza cya Kabgayi A, mu kigo cy’amashuri abanza cya Kabgayi B, mu kigo cy’amashuri yisumbuye cya Mutagatifu Yozefu, mu Iseminari Nto yitiriwe mutagatifu Leon, mu Iseminari Nkuru ya Kabgayi (Philosophicum), mu kigo cya Mutagatifu Kagwa ahahoze TRAFIPRO (ahazwi ku izina rya CND), mu mashuri y’abigiraga gatigisimu, aho bitaga mu Gishumba no mu bitaro bya Kabgayi. Muri ibi bigo, uretse kwa Kagwa (CND), ahandi impunzi z’Abatutsi zabaga ziri kumwe n’impunzi z’Abahutu ziganjemo izari zaraturutse i Nyacyonga. Muri Eveché kwa Musenyeri habagamo n’abasirikare. Abatutsi bari bakambitse muri Katedrali ya Kabgayi basohowemo ku mabwiriza ya Musenyeri Tadeyo Nsengiyumva wayoboraga Diyosezi ya Kabgayi, ngo kugira ngo itazasenywa. Musenyeri Tadeyo Nsengiyumva kandi yasabye ko abo Batutsi batahicirwa ngo batazateza umwanda, bikaba byaratumye abagendaga bicwa benshi barabajyanaga kubicira hanze ya Kabgayi. Iyi Katedrali kandi yasomerwagamo Misa buri munsi, ndetse abicanyi bakabanza mu Misa mu gitondo mbere yo kujya gushaka Abatutsi bo kwica. Ku muhanda uva Gitarama winjira muri Kabgayi, hari za bariyeri nyinshi ku buryo Abatutsi benshi bahahungiraga batabashije no kwinjira muri ibyo bigo. Bariyeri zari aha hakurikira: muri Rugeramigozi ku muhanda ugana i Mbare, munsi y’irimbi ry’abapadiri ry’i Kabgayi, ku marembo ya ESI-Kabgayi (Ecole des Sciences Infirmières), imbere ya Imprimerie de Kabgayi, ku irembo ry’ibitaro bya Kabgayi no ku muhanda ugana ku Iseminari Nkuru ya Kabgayi. Amatariki y’ingenzi yaranze ikorwa rya Jenoside i Kabgayi Hari amatariki amwe azwi yaranzwe n’ubwicanyi bukomeye: Mu ntangiriro z’ukwezi kwa Mata 1994, kuri Ecole des Sciences Infirmières, igitero kigizwe n’abasirikare cyarahateye babaririza UMURUNGI Chantal wari Animatrice muri icyo kigo. Uwari umuyobozi w’icyo kigo wari umuhutukazi witwa MUKANDANGA Dorothée yarwanye kuri uwo mukobwa, yanga ko bamujyana ndetse ananga ko basambanya abandi bakobwa bari bahari, bahita bamurasira hamwe na UMURUNGI Chantal ndetse na musaza we MUGUNGA Narcisse wari waje kumusura. Bombi bari abana ba MUBERUKA Jean Baptiste w’i Nyanza. Tariki ya 15/4/1994 mu ishuri rya Saint Joseph haje igitero cyamaze amasaha atanu kirobanura. Icyo gihe cyatwaye benshi barimo umudamu wa Rudahunga Louis, umwalimu witwa Justin wigishaga muri ETEKA n’abandi. Muri iri shuri, ku itariki 08/5/1994, nabwo abasirikare bagiyeyo bafite urutonde rw’abatutsi bagomba gutwara. Kuri uwo munsi, batwaye abatutsi 27 mu gitondo, babajyana mu kigo cya gisirikare i Gitarama, birirwa bakubitwa. Ku mugoroba, babagabanyijemo amakipe atatu, bamwe babajyana i Murambi ya Gitarama, abandi mu Byimana, abandi kuri Nyabarongo barahabicira. Muri aba bose uko ari 27 harokotse umwe. Bamwe mu bashoboye kumenyekana batwawe uwo munsi ni RWICANINYONI Emmanuel wakoraga muri MINEDUC muri bureau pédagogique ishami ry’amateka, GATSINZI Gervais wigishaga muri ACEJ Karama, NIYOYITA André, NTIBYIRAGWA Jean Marie Vianney bitaga Maso, HODARI na NYAKARASHI Ignace. Bose bari abarimu muri Collège Saint-Joseph ya Kabgayi, n’abandi batamenyekanye. Tariki 24/5/1994, Abatutsi bakuwe mu Iseminari Nkuru ya Kabgayi bajya kwicirwa mu Byimana. Abayobozi ba kiriziya gaturika i Kabgayi bari baragennye ko abihayimana bagomba guhungira mu Iseminari Nkuru, ariko hakaba hari n’Abatutsi basanzwe bahari; habaga n’izindi mpunzi z’abahutu zari zaraturutse i Kigali n’ahandi. Bamwe mu bari bagize Guverinoma y’Abatabazi bari bahafite ibyumba, akenshi bakahajya nijoro barimo KAMBANDA na SINDIKUBWABO. Buri gice cyahererezwaga mu ruhande rwacyo uretse abihayimana bo babanaga batarobanuye. Kuri iyo tariki ya 24/05/1994, Seminari Nkuru ya Kabgayi yazengurutswe n’abicanyi b’abasivili n’abasirikare baje mu masaha ya saa yine, basohora impunzi, bazicaza mu kibuga. Hari umufaratiri w’umuhutu witwaga Adalbert wajyaga kuzana urutonde ruriho amazina y’Abatutsi bakabahamagara bakabatwara, bakajya kubica. Mu bihayimana batwaye, harimo abafurere b’abayozefiti MUREKEZI Fidèle, MUGABO Emmanuel, MUNYANSHONGORE Martin na RUSEZERANGABO Théophile. Harimo kandi Abafurere b’abamarisiti barimo GATARI Gaspard, NYIRINKINDI Canisius na BISENGIMANA Fabien. Batwaye kandi Umwenebikira witwaga Bénigne NAKANA, Abapadiri NIWENSHUTI Célestin, MUSONERA Callixte na NYIRIBAKWE Vedaste wigishaga mu Iseminari Nkuru. Batwaye kandi Karinda Viateur wari umunyamakuru wa Radio-Rwanda. Aba bose bahamagawe hari na Musenyeri Thadeyo NSENGIYUMVA, wari waje gukoresha inama impunzi, abonye abicanyi bagose yurira imodoka asubira mu icumbi rye. Ku itariki ya 29/5/1994, nanone ku ishuri rya Saint Joseph hagiyeyo ikindi gitero. Abicanyi bari bafite bus bapakiramo Abatutsi bajya kwicirwa kuri Nyabarongo. Mu batwawe harimo RURANGWA Alexis wari umucamanza, RWAGAKIGA Prudence wacuruzaga mu Ngororero, umudamu witwa MUKOBWAJANA Eugenie, GASASIRA Vital, MUKANGAMIJE Beline yari umukozi mu ishuri rya Saint Joseph, UTAZIRUBANDA Leonard, MUCYURABUHORO mwene GATABAZI, MUNYESHURI Jean Marie Vianney wari agronome, HABIMANA Deogratias wari umwarimu n’abandi. Mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1994, ku itariki itibukwa neza, ahahoze TRAFIPRO (bitaga CND) haje abasirikare batwara Abatutsi barimo Isidore mwene Ruyenzi, KAJANGWE Célestin, NIZEYIMANA Jean Bosco n’abandi bajya kubica. Muri uko kwezi nanone, igitero cyagabwe mu ishuri ribanza rya Kabgayi A n’abicanyi b’i Mushubati bari bariyise “Abazulu”. Bazaga inshuro nyinshi bateye i Kabgayi mu nkambi zaho. Mu bitero bitandukanye bagiye bagaba i Kabgayi harimo icyo bishemo abantu batandatu babiciye mu ishyamba riri munsi y’ikigo cy’abana babana n’ubumuga. Mu Iseminari ntoya Saint-Léon ya Kabgayi, hagabwe ibitero bibiri bikomeye hagati ya Gicurasi na Kamena 1994. Kimwe cyagabwe mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Gicurasi 1994, icyo gitero cyatwaye Abatutsi benshi bajonjowe mu isaka ryakozwe muri icyo kigo. Biciwe mu ishyamba rya Byimana n’ahandi. Igitero cya kabiri cyari icy’Interahamwe zitwaga Abazulu b’i Mushubati, nacyo cyatwaye Abatutsi b’i Mushubati bari bahungiye i Kabgayi bajyanwa kwicwa. Igitero cyo ku wa 30/05/1994 cyanyuze aho Abatutsi bari bihishe hose muri Kabgayi kigenda gitoranya abajya kwicwa, batwawe muri za bus bajya kwicirwa kuri mu Ngororero. Iki gitero cyari kiyobowe n’abicanyi bavuye mu Ngororero bavugaga ko babaruye imirambo y’Abatutsi bahiciwe bagira iyo babura bajya kureba ko bahungiye i Kabgayi ; ni yo mpamvu bagiye kwicirwa mu Ngororero ariko mu bo batwaye harimo n’abari batuye ahandi. Jenoside Y’i Kabgayi yakozwe mu buryo butandukanye n’ahandi Kubera ko I Kabgayi hahungiye Abatutsi baturutse mu mpande nyinshi z’Igihugu, byatumye abategetsi ba Komini n’abicanyi baturutse mu zindi Perefegitura bajyayo bitwaje amalisiti y’Abatutsi bahungiye i Kabgayi bavuye mu makomini yabo, abicanyi bakabatwara bakajya kubicira ahandi. Bivuze ko rimwe na rimwe Abatutsi batangwaga n’impunzi z’abahutu zabaga ziri kumwe nabo, zarahabasanze, ziva mu bice FPR-INKOTANYI yabaga imaze kubohora. Ubwicanyi bw’i Kabgayi bwakozwe n’abantu baturukaga mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu aho buri Komini yajyaga gushaka Abatutsi bayikomokamo. Hari abajandarume, abasirikare bo mu mutwe warindaga uwari umukuru w’igihugu, abasirikare basanzwe barindaga abihayimana n’abagize guverinoma y’abatabazi. Uretse kwica Abatutsi, hakozwe n’ibikorwa bibi byo gufata abagore n’abakobwa ku ngufu, hari ubwo babatwaraga bakaza kubagarura cyangwa bagahita babica. Hari ubwo bateraga ibisasu cyane ahitwa muri CND bigahitana abantu. Ikindi kiri mu byishe Abatutsi bari bahungiye i Kabgayi ni inzara n’indwara yaterwaga n’umwanda kuko nta mazi bagiraga. Nyuma imirambo yaje kuba myinshi n’umwuka mubi uba mwinshi, abicanyi bafata icyemezo cy’uko batazongera kwicira abantu aho ngaho, nibwo bigiriye inama yo kujya bazana imodoka bagapakira Abatutsi bahereye ku bize cyangwa bifashije kuko bari barabaruwe, bagatwara cyane cyane abasore n’abagabo, bakajya kubicira ahandi. Buri munsi hicwaga Abatutsi ku buryo imibare itapfaga kumenyekana. Bamwe mu bagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwakorewe i Kabgayi ni: Superefe Rutegesha Misago Antoine urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Gitarama rwamukatiye gufungwa burundu ;
Superefe Gatera Gaspard urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Gitarama rwamukatiye gufungwa burundu ;
Gahutu Emmanuel Demarere wari maneko urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Gihuma B rwamukatiye gufungwa imyaka 30 ;
Sagahutu Thomas wakoraga mu Kigo cy’abinjira n’abasohoka mu Gihugu ;
Gilbert wari uhagarariye ishyaka rya C.D.R mu mujyi wa Gitarama ;
Sergent-Major witwa Karata ;
Faratiri Adalbert watanze abihayimana b’Abatutsi baricwa. Bivugwa ko yaba yarabaye padiri akaba aba muri Zambiya ;
Uwitwaga Gasirikare wari impunzi y’umuhutu yavuye i Nyacyonga yiyoberanyije abana n’Abatutsi babaga kuri TRAFIPRO akaba ari na we watangaga Abatutsi baho ;
Sous-Lieutenant Musabyimana ;
Philippe mwene Théopiste ;
Major Nyirahakizimana Anne-Marie yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu arafunze ;
Hakizimana Papias yakatiwe imyaka 15 ;
Tuyisenge Narcisse yakatiwe gufungwa imyaka15 ;
Nigena Protogene yakatiwe imyaka 30. Bose bakatiwe n’urukiko gacaca rwa Gatikabisi.
Mu bicanyi baturukaga i Mushubati biyitaga Abazulu harimo Sadam, Mitterand, Basesekaza, Twagirimana Clément, Protogène, Evode mwene Révocat, Mutabaruka Hassan, Abasirikare babiri Rachidi na Semanyenzi Jean Claude, Mugemana, Kimonyo Tharcisse wari umushoferi, abasirikare bari bazwi ku mazina y’amahimabano nka Shitani na Kajisho babaga mu kigo cya Gitarama babaga bari kumwe n’umusivire witwa Gikeri, Nsanzineza Vincent n’abandi. Inkambi ya Kabgayi niyo Ingabo za FPR-INKOTANYI zashoboye kurokoramo Abatutsi benshi. Ahandi zahageraga zisanga abicanyi babarangije hasigaye mbarwa. I Kabgayi, INKOTANYI zaguye abicanyi gitumo bariho bashaka uburyo babarimbura mbere yuko INKOTANYI ZIHAGERA. Kwibuka aya mateka bizahoraho. Abashaka kuyagoreka bazahora batsindwa. Dr BIZIMANA Jean Damascène, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside, CNLG |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/ifatwa-ry-ikibuga-k-indege-cya-kanombe-n-ikigo-cya | Ifatwa ry’ikibuga k’indege cya Kanombe n’ikigo cya gisirikari yari intambwe ikomeye mu gutsinda abicanyi | Ku munsi nk’uyu w’itariki ya 22 Gicurasi 1994, Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kanombe cyakuwe mu maboko y’abicanyi, iyo tariki ikaba ari imwe mu matariki akomeye mu guhagarika Jenoside. Mu bindi bice by’Igihugu twari tuitarabohorwa n’Inkotanyi, ahari hasigaye Abatutsi bakihishahishe, Leta y’abicanyi yari ikomeje kubica. Ifatwa ry’ikibuga k’indege cya Kanombe n’ikigo cya gisirikari cya Kanombe intambwe ikomeye mu gutsinda abicanyi bakoraga Jenoside Tariki ya 21/5/1994, radiyo RTLM yavuze ko Jenerali Dallaire agomba kwicwa, ndetse abasirikari ba Leta y’Abatabazi barashe ku cyicaro cya MINUAR, ariko amahanga arabyamagana bituma badakomeza iyo gahunda. Tariki ya 22/5/1994, ikibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe cyarafashwe, Inkotanyi zigikura mu maboko y’abicanyi. Icyo gikorwa gikomeye cyabaye kuri iyi tariki ya 22/5/1994 kikaba ari kimwe mu bikorwa bikomeye mu kurwanya Leta yakoraga Jenoside byagezweho na FPR Inkotanyi kuva yatangiza urugamba rwo guhagarika Jenoside tariki ya 8 mata 1994. Uwo munsi, uwari perezida wa Leta yiyise iy’Abatabazi, Theodore Sindikubwabo, yandikiye Perezida w’u Bufaransa François Mitterrand, amubwira ko ingabo ze zahunze kubera ko zabuze amasasu, kandi ko agomba kumutabara vuba, anamuhamagara kuri telefoni amushimira inkunga yakomeje kumutera. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku bitaro bya Kigeme, Nyamagabe Ibitaro bya Kigeme bibarizwa mu Karere ka Nyamagabe, Umurenge wa Gasaka mu Kagari ka Kigeme. Ku itariki ya 07 Mata 1994 abicanyi batangiye kwica Abatutsi muri Komini ya Mudasomwa ibyo bitaro bya Kigeme byatangiye kwakira inkomere umunani (8) z’abakozi bakoreraga EMUJECO muri Mudasomwa, hagenda haza n’izindi nkomere ziturutse ku Kitabi mu ruganda rw’icyayi rwaho. Ku wa 13 Mata 1994, nabwo haje inkomere nyinshi ziturutse muri Komini Rukondo aho Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri ADEPR Maheresho, bari batangiye kwicwa. Abakomeretse babaye benshi bituma ibitaro byitabaza abaganga bari muri Konji ndetse n’abanyeshuri bigaga mu rwunge rw’amashuri rwa Kigeme bigagamo ubuforomo bari muri stage kugira ngo babashe gufasha abari bakomeretse. Muri iyo minsi n’ubwo abazaga bakomeretse bafashwaga ariko hari abamaraga gukira bakajyanwa rwihishwa bakicwa. Muri iyo minsi kandi hazaga imodoka nijoro igatwara Abatutsi babaga bahazanywe kuvurwa bakabeshya ko babajyanye i Murambi kubacungira umutekano babageza kuri bariyeri y’ahitwa Mwumba bakabica. Ku wa 22 Gicurasi 1994, ku munsi wa Pentekoti, mu masaha ya saa kumi n’ebyiri za mu gitondo, haje ibitero by’interahamwe biturutse muri Mudasomwa, muri santeri y’ubucuruzi ya Kigeme, Gatyazo n’ahandi bitwara Abatutsi bari bakiri bazima hamwe n’abarwaza ndetse na bamwe mu baganga b’Abatutsi bahakoraga babajyana kubicira hepfo y’ibitaro hafi y’ibikoni batekeramo. Abasigaye bihishe mu mfuruka no munsi y’ibitanda cyane cyane mu byumba byihariye by’abarwayi (Chambres privées) kuko ho ibitero bitinjiyemo. Nyuma y’uko bicwa, haje perefe Bucyibaruta Laurent ari kumwe na Burugumesitiri Semakwavu na Capitaine Sebuhura Fausti, abarokotse icyo gitero babatwara mu modoka bajyanwa i Murambi ahari hariciwe Abatutsi benshi kandi mu bajyanyweyo harimo inkomere zidafite uzazivura ndetse nta n’ibyo kurya bari kubona. Kugeza ubu abamenyekanye biciwe muri ibi bitaro kandi hakaba hari n’imyirondoro yabo bagera kuri 29, ariko umubare w’abahiciwe ni mu nini kuko inkomere zahazanwaga ntabwo imyirondoro yamenyekanye. Abagize uruhare mu bwicanyi harimo: Dr Twagiramungu Edson wari umuyobozi w’ibitaro; Filipo wari umucuruzi muri centre ya Kigeme; Uwitwa Zimbabwe wari umushoferi wa Musenyeri w’abanglikani Kayumba Normand; Gasana Venuste wari umucuruzi; Abitwa: Kamugi Christophe, Mukono mwene Karamage, Kibuye, Munyentwari Rodrigue, Mutiganda Evariste, Ngoga wo mu Gasarenda, Mbiligi, Munyenkware wakatiwe na Gacaca agwa muri Gereza, Minani, Nyiraneza, bamwe mu bazamu bahakoraga barimo Karuranga David, n’izindi interahamwe n’abaturage b’abahutu benshi. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatitsi i Nyamirembe, aho bitaga CND, Kamonyi Mu ntangiriro z’ukwezi kwa gatanu, abicanyi baje guhimba umugambi wo kugirango babone abantu bari basigaye bataricwa, nibwo bavuze ko hatanzwe ihumure ntakongera kwica abagore n’abakobwa ngo kuko nta bwoko bafite. Icyo gihe abatutsi benshi biganjemo abagore n’abana basohotse mu bwihisho, abari mu ngo no mu bihuru bavamo. Kuburyo icyo gihe abagore n’abakobwa bamaze nk’ibyumweru nka bibiri batihishe cyane, bamwe banakora imirimo mu ngo z’abari babacumbikiye, abandi bajya mu nzu yitwa ikibeho yo ku kiriziya i Kayenzi. Umunsi rero waje kugera, abicanyi babakusanyiriza aho ku kibuga bise kuri CND nko mu ma saa kumi z’umugoroba. Babanje kubasambanya babakuranwaho, hanyuma bacana igishyito, hanyuma kugitekerezo cyatanzwe n’umusore witwa KANUSU n’umuvandimwe we, bakaba ari bene KARAGIZO, bakaba aba bombi barigaga muri kaminuza y’I Butare, bavuze ko hari uburyo bwiza bakoresheje bwiza bwo kubabaza, muri kaminuza bwo gukoresha ipasi. Icyo gihe rero bafashe amapasi y’amakara, uwitwa LINI arayashyushya, batangira kuyabakozaho ku myanya isanzwe ari iy’ibanga, ku mabere, ku bibero no ku gitsina. Muri uko kubatwika, babashinjaga ko bafite imbunda, radiyo bavuganiraho n’inkotanyi, ko ababyeyi babo bajyaga i Kinihira n’ibindi. Kubera ububabare bamwe muri abo bakobwa n’abagore nk’uwitwa MUKAMANZI Eularia na Atharia mwene MUNYANKINDI, bemeye ko ibyo byose babifite, icyo gitero kibanza kubajyana iwabo wa Eularia, bacukura mu ndabo imbunda barazibura, babakomezanya iwabo w’Atharia ahitwa i Gaji, bagezeyo baracukura naho baraheba. Ubwo batemberanaga abo bakobwa muri iryo joro nta kenda, ibikomere by’amapasi umubiri wose. Icyo gihe rero bamaze kubura izo mbunda iwabo w’Anatharie nibwo bahise bafata umwanzuro wo kubicira aho mu rugo kwa Munyankindi. Ikizwi ni uko babashyize mu musarane wo muri urwo rugo; urupfu bishwe ntiruramenyekana. Bamwe mu biciwe aho hantu babashije kumenyekana harimo MUKAMANZI Eularie, Atharia, KANAKUZE, MUKANYONGA na Rosette n’abandi kuri uwo munsi hishwe benshi ariko aba baramenyekanye kubera urwo rupfu rwabo. Ababigizemo uruhare harimo KANUSU n’umuvandimwe we n’uwitwa LINI cyari igitero kinini ariko abo nibo bavugwa cyane. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yarateguwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa na Leta. Uwo mugambi niwo wakomeje gushyirwa mu bikorwa ahari hakiri mu maboka ya Leta y‘abicanyi. Dr Bizimana Jean Damascene, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside, CNLG |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/tariki-ya-18-gicurasi-1994-radiyo-muhabura-yabwiye-abari | Tariki ya 18 Gicurasi 1994 Radiyo Muhabura yabwiye abari bihishe guhungira aho FPR yagenzuraga | Tariki n’iyi,umunsi nk’uyu Ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi zakomeje urugamba, zikomeza kurokora abatutsi bicwaga; ku rundi ruhande imwe mu miryango mpuzamahanga yatangaje ko ibibera mu Rwanda ari jenoside. Kuri iyi tariki kandi ni bwo FPR yakoresheje Radio Muhabura ibwira abari bihishe ahantu hatandukanye mu Mujyi wa Kigali ko bajya mu duce tugenzurwa na yo. Icyo gihe kandi, Abagaga batagira umupaka bacishije mu kinyamakuru Le Monde ibaruwa ifunguye bari bandikiye Perezida w’u Bufaransa imusobanurira ko ibyaberaga mu Rwanda atari ugusubiranamo kw’amoko, ahubwo ari ubwicanyi bwateguwe neza. Iyo baruwa yagirga iti “Ntabwo ari intambara hagati y’amoko, ahubwo ni itsembatsemba ryateguwe neza ry’abatavuga rumwe n’agatsiko gashyigikiwe kandi kakanahabwa intwaro n’u Bufaransa; k’uwari umunyagitugu Juvenal Habyarimana kandi abasirikare bo mu mutwe ushinzwe kurinda Umukuru w’Igihugu nibo bari ku isonga muri ubwo bwicanyi […] Ntawakwiyumvisha ukuntu u Bufaransa bwaba budafite uburyo bwo kubuza izo nkoramutima zabwo guhagarika ubwicanyi”. Si ubwa mbere aba baganga bari bagaragaje ko ibyaberaga mu Rwanda ari ubwicanyi bw’indengakamere bwateguwe, aho tariki ya 24 Mata 1994, batangaje ko biboneye abasirikare barindaga Perezida Habyarimana, bica abarwayi bagera ku 170 mu bitaro bikuru bya Butare. Niyomugabo Albert /MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/tariki-ya-6-gicurasi-1994-intumwa-za-gisilikare-z-u-rwanda | Tariki ya 6 Gicurasi 1994: Intumwa za gisilikare z’u Rwanda zakiriwe n’abayobozi bakuru mu ngabo z’u Bufaransa | Inkunga ya gisirikari u Bufaransa bwahaga Leta ya Sindikubwabo na Kambanda yakoreshwaga mu kurimbura Abatutsi yarakomeje, Akanama gashinzwe amahoro ku isi kihunza inshingano zako zo gutabara mu Rwanda, ariko Umuryango utabara imbabare ku isi ugaragariza amahanga uruhare rwayo mu gutererana u Rwanda no gukwirakwiza ibinyoma kuri Jenoside. Intumwa za gisilikare z’u Rwanda zakiriwe n’abayobozi bakuru mu ngabo z’u Bufaransa bagirana ibiganiro birebana no guhabwa intwaro Uwari uhagarariye inyungu za gisirikari muri ambasade y’u Rwanda mu Bufaransa i Paris, Colonel Sébastien Ntahobari, yakiriwe kenshi i Paris na Jenerali Jean Pierre Huchon wari ushinzwe ubutwererane mu bya gisirikari hamwe na Colonel Dominique Delort, bagirana ibiganiro ku bijyanye n’ubufasha mu bya gisilikare. Lt Colonel Cyprien Kayumba, wari ushinzwe ibikoresho bya gisirikari muri minisiteri y’ingabo z’u Rwanda nawe yagiye i Paris inshuro ebyiri, mu mpera za Mata 1994, na nyuma yaho aje gukurikirana intwaro u Bufaransa bwari bwemereye guha u Rwanda. Ibyo byose byabaga hirengagijwe ko mu bwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi guhera tariki ya 7 Mata 1994, abasirikari ba Leta y’u Rwanda ari bo babimburiraga Interahamwe mu bitero byagabwaga aho Abatutsi babaga bahungiye mu mashuri, ibitaro, kiliziya no mu zindi nyubako za Leta. Abasirikari bakoreshaga grenades, n’imbunda n’amasasu, nyuma Interahamwe zikaza gusoza ubwo bwicanyi zikoresheje intwaro gakondo harimo impiri n’imipanga. Minisiteri y’Ubutwererane y’u Bufaransa yayoborwaga na Michel Roussin niyo yari ishinzwe gushaka no gushyikiriza inkunga Leta y’abicanyi. Jenerali Huchon na Jenerali Quesnot nibo bakurikiraniraga hafi inkunga ya gisirikari yahabwaga u Rwanda, byose bigakorwa ku cyemezo cya perezida Mitterrand. Bamwe mu bategetsi b’u Bufaransa bavuze ko ngo “Batari bazi ko ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi butari Jenoside”. Aha ni ukubeshya kuko Abafaransa bari bazi kuva tariki ya 7 Mata 1994 ko mu Rwanda hakorwaga Jenoside ariko bakayihakana. Ibi General Christian Quesnot yabyemereye imbere ya komisiyo y’inteko y’Abafaransa, (Mission d’information parlementaire), avuga ko “Guhera taraiki ya 6 Mata 1994, nyuma y’urupfu rwa Habyarimana, ikibazo cy’Urwanda cyakurikiriwe hafi n’abashinzwe igisirikari na politiki mu Bufaransa kandi ko byagaragraga ko ubwicanyi bwakorwaga ntaho bwari buhuriye n’ubundi bwakozwe mbere”. Biragaragara ko Jenerali Quesnot yari azi neza ko ubwicanyi bwakorwaga bwari Jenoside. Mitterrand, Hubert Vedrine na Alain Juppe bavugaga ko ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi mu Rwanda ari intambara y’amoko, ko amoko yombi yicanaga. Ibi byavuzwe na Alain Juppe, tariki ya 28 Mata 1994, agira ati “Intambara n’ubwicanyi birakomeje muri icyo gihugu cyajahajwe n’intambara y’amoko”. Inshuro nyinshi perezida Mitterrand yanze kwamagana Jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi avuga ko mu Rwanda buri wese yicaga (« tout le monde tue tout le monde »). Uretse inkunga yahabwaga Leta y’abicanyi, u Bufaransa bwakomeje guha inkunga umuryango wa Habyarimana, harimo umugore we Agathe Kanziga wari mu bateguye akanayishyira mu bikorwa. Leta y’abicanyi yakomeje kwica no gukangurira Interahamwe kwihutisha ubwicanyi Minisitiri w’intebe Jean Kambanda yavugiye kuri Radio Rwanda ashishikariza Interahamwe kwica cyane. “Dufite abagabo, amasasu, Leta ishyize hamwe, ingabo zishyize hamwe kandi tugomba gutsinda. Buri wese agomba gufata intwaro kandi kugira intwaro zihagije ni kimwe mu byo Leta ishyizeho umutima kabone n’iyo ibindi byose bituruka mu mahanga byahagarara”. Kuri iyi tariki, Radio Rwanda yashyizemo ijambo ryose Kambanda yari yavugiye ku Kibuye tariki 3 Gicurasi 1994 asaba ko Jenoside yihutishwa hose mu gihugu no ku Kibuye by’umwihariko. Iryo jambo ryongeye kunyuzwa kuri Radio Rwanda ku wa 09 Gicurasi 1994, bikaba byerekana uburemere bw’ubutumwa bwari bukubiyemo mu kwihutisha Jenoside. Akanama gashinzwe amahoro ku isi kiyambuye inshingano zako zo kubungabunga amahoro ku isi no gutabara igihe Leta y’abicanyi yakoraga Jenoside Tariki ya 6/5/1994 ibihugu bidafite icyicaro gihoraho, Espagne, New Zeland, Argentina, Czech Republic, batanze umushinga wo guha ingufu za gisirikari mu Rwanda. Bimwe mu bihugu bifite icyicaro gihoraho mu Kanama gashinzwe amahoro ku isi byarabyanze ahubwo hatangwa igitekerezo ko ibibazo by’u Rwanda bigomba gusuzumwa n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Afurika (OUA). Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, Boutros-Boutros Ghali yandikiye Perezida wa Misiri, Hosni Mubarak wagombaga kuba perezida w’uwo muryango. Mubarak yandikiye Umunyamabanga mukuru wa OUA, Salim Salim amusaba ko ibihugu byo ku mugabane w’Afurika byashaka ingabo zakoherezwa mu Rwanda. Salim Salim yasubije Perezida Mubarak ko Afurika itashobora guhangana n’icyo kibazo kubera ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga mu Rwanda, ko Umuryango w’Abibumbye ariwo ufite ububasha bwo gukoresha ingufu za politiki no gushaka inkunga ikenewe kugira ngo hagire igikorwa mu Rwanda. Yongeraho ko igihe cyose ibibazo nk’ibi byabayeho ari bwo buryo bwakoreshejwe mu kubikemura. Umuryango utabara imbabare ku isi (CICR) wanenze imyitwarire y’amahanga yatereranye u Rwanda, ifata icyemezo cyo kugoboka impunzi aho byari bigishoboka Mu cyumweru cya mbere cy’ukwezi kwa gatanu, abakozi b’Umuryango utabara imbabare bari mu duce twa Kigali, Byumba, Gisenyi, Kabgayi na Kibungo bagerageje kwita ku nkomere n’abarwayi bari bugarijwe n’Interahamwe n’abasirikari. Uwayoboraga uwo muryango Cornelio Sommaruga yavuganye na Philippe Gaillard wari uwuhagarariye mu Rwanda. Yasohoye inyandiko muri International Herald Tribune yamagana ibinyamakuru na Leta zitavugaga ku bwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi, ko ibihugu byose byari bibifitemo uruhare. Gaillard yohereje inkunga yagombaga guhabwa impunzi zigera kuri 30,000 zari zarahunze ubwicanyi muri Gitarama, bakaba bari bakikijwe n’Interahamwe zashakaga kubica. Impunzi zahawe ubufasha bw’ibanze. Interahamwe zakomeje gufata bamwe mu mpunzi zikabica, zigafata n’abagore ku ngufu. Umusozo Mu ntangiriro z‘ukwezi kwa Gatanu 1994, Abatutsi bakomeje kwicwa, mu duce twari tukiri mu maboko y’ingabo z’abicanyi. Izo ngabo zakomeje guterwa inkunga na Leta y’u Bufaransa, kandi yari izi neza ko mu Rwanda hakorwaga Jenoside. Iyo nkunga yahabwaga igisirikari cy’abicanyi yihutishije Jenoside, bituma hamwe na hamwe hicwa n’abari kurokoka.
Dr Bizimana Jean Damascene Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside, CNLG |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/tariki-4-gicurasi-u-bufaransa-bwakomeje-gushyigikira-leta-y | Tariki 4 Gicurasi: U Bufaransa bwakomeje gushyigikira Leta y’ u Rwanda yakoraga Jenoside iyobowe na Sindikubwabo | U Bufaransa bwakomeje gushyigikira Leta y’ u Rwanda yakoraga Jenoside iyobowe na Sindikubwabo, igisirikari cyayo na dipolomasi y’u Rwanda mu mahanga kugira ngo ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi bwoye kumenyekana.
Iyo nkunga ni yo yahaye ingufu abicanyi, bakomeza kwica, nyamara iyo Ubufaransa bubishaka hari hamwe na hamwe mu Rwanda Abatutsi bari bashoboye kwirwanaho, bashoboraga kurokoka nko mu Bisesero. 1) Jenerali Quesnot yasabye ko u Rwanda rukomeza guterwa inkunga muri Jenoside Ku itariki 4 gicurasi 1994, Perezida Tewodori Sindikubwabo yagiranye ikiganiro kirekire kuri telefoni na Jenerali Christian Quesnot wari Umujyanama wihariye mu bya gisilikare wa Perezida w’Ubufransa, Francois Mitterrand, kuva mu 1991 kugeza mu 1995. Icyo kiganiro kibanze mu kugaragaza imiterere y’intambara hagati y’ingabo za FPR-INKOTANYI n’izahoze ari iza Leta y’u Rwanda (ex-FAR). Nta kirebana na Jenoside cyavuzwemo. Christian Quesnot ni umwe mu bashyigikiye bivuye inyuma ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana. Ni we wamenyeshaga ubuyobozi bw’ingabo ibikorwa bya gisirikare by’ingabo z’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda, byaba ibyakorwaga k’uburyo buzwi cyangwa bwihishe. Mu nyandiko zose yagejeje kuri perezida Mitterand, Christian Quesnot yasabiraga ubufasha bukomeye ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana n’ ingabo zabwo. Nkuko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko yo ku wa 06 gicurasi 1994, Jenerali Christian Quesnot yakoreye Perezida Mitterrand ku byavugiwe muri icyo kiganiro, Jenerali Quesnot yasobanuye ko Tewodori Sindikubwabo yashimiye cyane Perezida w’Ubufransa kubera inkunga mu bya gisilikare, politiki, amafranga na diplomasi Ubufransa bwari bukomeje guha Guverinoma y’u Rwanda. By’umwihariko, Tewodori Sindikubwabo yashimiye Ubufransa kuba bwarakiriye intumwa za Guverinoma y’Abatabazi zakoreye uruzinduko mu Bufransa muri mata 1994. Izo ntumwa zari ziyobowe na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’amahanga n’ubutwererane Jerome Bicamumpaka na Jean Bosco Barayagwiza wari umwe mu bayobozi bakuru b’ishyaka ry’abahenzanguni b’Abahutu, CDR, akaba yari n’umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe politiki n’amategeko muri Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’u Rwanda. Barayagwiza yagize uruhare runini mu gushinga RTLM no gukwiza urwango n’ubukangurambaga bwa Jenoside cyane cyane hagati ya 1992 na 1994. Muri urwo ruzinduko itsinda rya Bicamumpaka na Barayagwiza bakoreye mu Bufransa, bakiriwe n’abategetsi bakomeye b’inkoramutima za Perezida Mitterrand muri Perezidansi ya Repuburika, aho bakiriwe na Bruno Delaye wari Umujyanama wa Perezida Mitterrand ushinzwe Afurika, babonana ari kumwe na Jenerali Christian Quesnot. Babonanye kandi na Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga Alain Juppe. Muri ibyo biganiro, ntabwo Jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi yigeze yamaganwa n’abayobozi b’Ubufransa babonanye n’izo ntumwa za Leta y’abicanyi. Nyamara ibihugu by’Ububiligi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika byo byanze kwakira izo ntumwa. Uwo mugambi wa Jenerali Quesnot wo kubogamira kuri Leta y’abajenosideri yari awusanganywe. Tariki 29 Mata 1994, nyuma y’ibyumweru bitatu, jenoside itangiye, Christian Quesnot yanditse amagambo asebya FPR agira ati: "FPR ni ishyaka ry’ aba "fachistes" ntari nabona ahandi. Umuntu yarigereranya na ba "Khmers noirs’’. Bafitanye akagambane n’ababiligi". Na none tariki 6 Gicurasi 1994, Christian Quesnot yatanze inama yo gushyigikira abasirikare ba FAR kandi bariho bakora jenoside. Icyo Jenerali Quesnot yashyiraga imbere atabariza Leta y’abicanyi ngo ni uko yatinyaga ko iyo Leta yatakaza ubutegetsi iramutse itsinzwe intambara, ngo hakajyaho agace yitaga “Tutsiland”. Uru rwari urwitwazo rwo kugira ngo abone uko atera inkunga ya gisirikari Sindikubwabo na Leta ye. Iyo mvugo yarakoreshejwe cyane ishyigikirwa na perezida Mitterrand n’umugabo w’ingabo wihariye “l’amiral Lanxade ». 2) Jenerali Quesnot na Bruno Delaye bashyigikiye muri byose Leta y’abicanyi Jenerali Christian Quesnot na Bruno Delaye mu mikoranire yabo na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda bagaragaje buri gihe kubogamira bikomeye kuri Perezida Habyarimana na Leta ye bagira inama Perezida Mitterrand ko agomba guha u Rwanda ubufasha buhoraho kandi bukomeye mu bya gisilikare, politiki na diplomasi mu rugamba Leta ya Habyarimana yarwanaga na FPR Inkotanyi. Twibutse ko ku itariki ya 12/2/1993, perezida w’Ubufaransa Francois Mitterrand yohereje mu Rwanda intumwa ze zihariye ebyiri, Bwana Bruno Delaye na Jean-Marie Rochereau de la Sabliere. Icyagenzaga izo ntumwa za Mitterrand ngo kwari uguhuza perezida Juvenal Habyarimana na Minisitiri w’Intebe Disimasi Nsengiyaremye batavugaga rumwe ku bijyanye no guhagarika intambara n’ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi byakorwaga n’abasirikari ba Leta n’abayoboke ba MRND. Perezida Mitterrand n’abajyanama be kandi bumvishaga Habyarimana ko Ubufaransa bushyigikiye Leta ye, ko butazayitererana mu rwego rwo kugumana ijambo mu Karere. Asubiye mu Bufransa, tariki 15 Gashyantare 1993, Bruno Delaye yanditse inyandiko igenewe Perezida Mitterrand, avuga ko ahangayikishijwe n’uko FPR « ishobora gufata Kigali » kubera ko yari ishyigikiwe na bimwe mu bihugu bivuga icyongereza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Delaye yavugaga ko uburyo bwo gushyigikira Habyarimana bwagombaga guhinduka, Ubufaransa bukerura bukarwana, hagatangwa imbunda n’ibindi bikoresho by’intambara. Izo nyandiko zose z’ibinyoma zashakaga gusobanura impamvu Ubufaransa bwagombaga kwinjira mu ntambara ku buryo butaziguye no gukomeza guha intwaro n’ibikoresho ingabo za Habyarimana. Jenerali Christian Quesnot nawe yandikiye perezida Mitterrand avuga ko asanga intambara itari hagati ya FPR Inkotanyi n’ingabo z’U Rwanda, ahubwo ko ari Ubugande bwateye U Rwanda. Bishatse kuvuga ko ari igihugu cyateye ikindi, ko rero Ubufransa bukwiye gutabara Leta y’U Rwanda mu rugamba yarwanaga na FPR-Inkotanyi. No muri Jenoside hagati, muri gicurasi 1994, Jenerali Quesnot yari agikomeye kuri uro murongo wo guha inkunga Leta yakoraga Jenoside, irimbura abaturage bayo b’Abatutsi. 3) Jenerali Quesnot na Dominique Pin bemeje kurwanya FPR bivuye inyuma Na none ku itariki 19 Gashyantare 1994, jenerali Christian Quesnot hamwe na Dominique Pin, wari wungirije umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe Afurika mu biro bya Perezida w’Ubufaransa, bashyikirije perezida Mitterrand ibitekerezo bibiri by’ingenzi ku birebana n’u Rwanda: Igitekerezo cya mbere cyari ugucyura abaturage b’Abafaransa, gucyura abasirikare bari mu Rwanda muri operasiyo Noroît, ariko Quesnot na Pin bagasobanura ko icyo gitekerezo batagishyigikiye, bakagira inama perezida Mitterrand ko nawe adakwiye gufata icyemezo nk’icyo. Babyanditse muri aya magambo: « Kwaba ari ugutsindwa muri politiki yacu ku Rwanda. No gutakaza icyizere dufitiwe ku mugabanae w’Afurika». « C’est l’échec de notre présence et de notre politique au Rwanda. Notre crédibilité sur le continent en souffrirait ». Igitekerezo cya kabiri ni ikirebana n’icyo Ubufransa bwagombaga gukora igihe FPR yaramuka ifashe Kigali. Quesnot na Pin bavugaga ko FPR ifashe Kigali ubwicanyi bushingiye ku moko bwakaza umurego, bityo Ubufaransa bukaba bukwiye kongera imbaraga kurusha ibindi bihe byose mu gufasha ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana kugira ngo FPR idafata Kigali. Ibi ni ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Ubufaransa bwari buzi neza ko ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwateguraga jenoside, ariko bugatsimbarara ku bushake bwabwo bwo kubufasha ntacyo bwitayeho. Biranerekana ko Leta y’u Rwanda yari ifite umugambi wo kurimbura Abatutsi yishingikirije inkunga ya gisirikari yahabwaga n’Abafaransa. Gushyigikira Leta y’U Rwanda byayihaye umwanya wo gukomeza ubwicanyi bwibasiraga abasiviri b’Abatutsi no kunonosora umugambi wo kubatsemba. Dr Bizimana Jean Damascene Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside, CNLG |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/itariki-21-mata-1994-niwo-munsi-wishweho-abatutsi-benshi | Itariki 21 mata 1994 niwo munsi wishweho Abatutsi benshi icyarimwe mu gihugu | Itariki 21 mata 1994 niwo munsi wishweho Abatutsi benshi icyarimwe mu gihugu. Iyi nyandiko iragaragaza hamwe mu hantu hashoboye kumenyekana hiciwe Abatutsi barenza ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu umunsi umwe. 1. Inama y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ishinzwe Amahoro ku isi yatse inshingano MINUAR igabanya umubare w’abasilikare bayo mu Rwanda Tariki ya 21/4/1994, Akanama ka Loni gashinzwe amahoro ku isi kafashe umwanzuro 912 uhindura inshingano za MINUAR, iyisiga ku izina gusa, ifite abasirikari 250 gusa. Nyamara, buri munsi Jenerali Dallaire wayoboraga MINUAR yohererezaga raporo Umuryango w’abibumbye avuga uko ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi mu Rwanda. Dallaire yavugaga ko umutwe w’abasirikari barindaga Habyarimana n’interahamwe zari zimeze nka « virus » imeze nka nkongwa itakigira gitangira. Ayo makuru, Umuryango w’abibumbye ntiwayahaye agaciro, wafashe icyemezo cyo gutererana Urwanda, abicwa baricwa ku manywa y’ihangu. 2. Abatutsi biciwe i Murambi, Gikongoro, Nyamagabe Ubwo Jenoside yatangiranga mu duce dukikije I Murambi, abatutsi baho batangiye kuhahungira bavuye Mudasomwa, Kinyamakara, Musebeya, Muko no mu yandi ma komini. Abazaga i Murambi abategetsi babo bababwiraga ko ariho bazabasha kubarindira umutekano bari hamwe nyamara byari ukubabeshya kuko ubwo uwari perezida wa Leta yiyise iy’abatabazi SINDIKUBWABO Theodore ari kumwe na Minisitiri w’intebe w’iyo Leta Jean KAMBANDA baje ku Gikongoro batanga amabwiriza yo gutangiza Jenoside. Nyuma y’iyo nama nibwo abategetsi bashishikarije abatutsi kuza I Murambi bababeshya ko bazacungirwa umutekano. Abari bahungiye ahantu hatandukanye ku biro by’amakomini na za Kiliziya n’insengero hamwe n’abari bahishwe n’abahutu bajyanywe I Murambi hakoreshejwe imodoka abandi bakizana. Aho bacaga hose bajya I Murambi baterwaga amabuye n’interahamwe. Bageze I Murambi, Interahamwe, zatangiye guca amatiyo yahazanaga amazi kugira ngo bicwe n’umwuma bazaze kubica nta mbaraga bagifite. Babonye ko bagiye kwicwa n’inzara nibwo bigiriye inama yo kubaga inka nkeya muzo bari bahunganye kugira ngo babone icyo barya. Ubwo abajandarume barababwiye ngo nibabanze bibare bamenye umubare wabo kugira ngo babakire ubufasha ariko n’ubwo baje kubaha umuceri waje kuba mucye bitewe n’ukuntu bari benshi kuko bageraga ku bihumbi mirongo itanu (50.000). Muri iyo minsi, hazaga ibitero by’interahamwe bakarwana nabyo bakoresheje amabuye bigasubirayo. Mu rucyerera rwo kuwa 20 rushyira 21/4/1994 nka saa cyenda nibwo abajandarume babanje gutera grenade no kurasa amasasu mu mpunzi z’abatutsi, maze Interahamwe, aba CDR n’abaturage bitwaje impiri, imipanga, amacumu n’udushoka bakagenda bahorahoza abatishwe n’amasasu ndetse n’abari babaye inkomere. Abantu bagize uruhare mu kwica abatutsi bari bahungiye I Murambi basaga ibihumbi 50,000 ni uwari Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Gikongoro BUCYIBARUTA Laurent (uba mu Bufaransa), SEMAKWAVU Felicien wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyamagabe, Captaine Faustin SEBUHURA wayobora Jandarumori ya Gikongoro, Colonel SIMBA Aloys, Justin AYURUGARI wayoboraga Electrogaz Gikongoro, Venuste NYOMBAYIRE wayoboraga ikigo cy’abana cya SOS Gikongoro, David KARANGWA wari grefiye mu rukiko rwa kanto ya Gikongoro, Celse SEMIGABO wari prokireri ku Gikongoro, Alufonsi NSENGUMUKUZA wakoraga muri Electrogaz, abajandarume n’interahamwe zirimo, Munyangoga wakoraga muri Electrogaz, Musekura Aloys, Ngirumpatse Venuste n’abandi. I Murambi niho hanabaye inkambi y’ingabo z’abafaransa muri Zone turquoise aho bavugaga ko baje gucungira umutekano abatutsi bicwaga ariko siko byagenze kuko abatutsi bake bari bararokotse bagiye I Murambi ariko bagashimutwa, bakicwa n’interahamwe kandi abafaransa ntacyo babikoragaho. Bamwe mu bafaransa basambanyije abakobwa n’abagore b’abatutsi ku ngufu, banakora ibindi byaha bitandukanye nkuko byagaragajwe na raporo ya Kimisiyo Mucyo. Ubwo izo Ngabo zasozaga ubutumwa bwazizanye zasabye abantu bari aho mu nkambi I Murambi kwambuka bakajya muri Kongo bizezwa kuzabafasha kugaruka mu Rwanda. Abari bamaze gukora Jenoside barabaherekeje babajyana Kongo hamwe n’izindi mpunzi nyinshi kuko bazibwiraga ko Inkotanyi zizabica ariko byari ukugira ngo zibone abo abicanyi bazagira ingwate ubwo bazaba bageze mu mashyamba ya Kongo. I Murambi mu rwibutso hakaba hashyinguye imibiri y’abazize Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi basaga ibihumbi 50,000 bahiciwe ndetse n’abimuwe mu rwibutso rwa Gasaka. 3. Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi kuri paruwasi Gatorika ya Cyanika, Nyamagabe Kuri iyi Paruwasi hafite amateka yihariye cyane ku batutsi kuko mu 1963 habaye ubwicanyi bukomeye bwibasiye Abatutsi bari bahatuye bikanandikwa muri za raporo mpuzamahanga no mu itangazamakuru ko ari jenoside. Abanyarwanda bose bayise noheri y’amaraso. Kuva 1990-1994 abatutsi batuye mu Cyanika bongeye gutotezwa cyane biyobowe na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karama Desire NGEZAHAYO, bitwa ibyitso by’inkotanyi nkuko babikorewe 1963 babita ibyitso by’inyenzi abandi barafungwa. Ku wa 08/4/1994 impunzi zatangiye kuba nyinshi kuri paruwasi ziturutse muri Komini Karama, Kinyamakara, Nyamagabe, Rukondo, Karambo n’ahandi bakakirwa na padiri Yozefu NIYOMUGABO. Impamvu abenshi bahahungiye nuko Burugumesitiri NGEZAHAYO n’abakonseye bazengurutse Komini bagasaba abihishe bakoresheje indangururamajwi guhungira kuri paruwasi bababeshya ko ariho bazabarindira umutekano. Kuwa 11/4/1994 Superefe wa superefegitura ya Karaba Yozefu NTEGEYINTWARI yakoresheje inama n’ababurugumesitiri ba Komini Rukondo, Karama na Kinyamakara ku kibuga cy’umupira cya Cyanika ahitwa i Murizo, banoza umugambi wo kwica abatutsi. Hari kandi umutwe w’ibyihebe wari wariyise minwari (MINUAR) wari uyobowe n’abitwaga NTAGANIRA Emmanuel bitaga Muturage na Rubera bagahabwa intwaro na Col Simba bahuriraga kubiro byabo byari kuri komini Karama nabo bakazishyikiriza abaturage. Uyu mutwe niwo wari ushinzwe kwica abatutsi no gutabara aho byananiranye kuko na mbere yuko bicwa bari babanje kubateramo grenade bikozwe n’uwitwa Kazungu wari interahamwe. Mu rucyerera rwo kuwa 20-21/4/1994 nibwo abatutsi bari bahungiye i Murambi bishwe maze abicanyi barangije bajya mu Cyanika kuwa 21/4/1994 nka saa yine za mu gitondo, maze interahamwe zifatanyije n’abajandarume zitera amagerenade mu mpunzi zari zahungiye kuri paruwasi, abandi bakoresha intwaro gakondo mu kwica abatutsi. Icyo gihe hishwe abatutsi basaga ibihumbi 35,000 bakaba bashyinguye mu rwibutso rwa Cyanika. Abategetsi bagize uruhare mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa byo kwica abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri paruwasi gatolika ya Cyanika barangajwe imbere n’uwari perefe wa perefegitura ya Gikongoro Laurent BUCYIBARUTA, Col SIMBA Aloys, Superefe Yozefu NTEGEYINTWARI, Burugumesitiri NGEZAHAYO Desire, Depite HANYURWIMFURA Marc, MUNYANDINDA Joel umugenzuzi w’amashuri abanza ya Komini Rukondo, NKURIKIYIMANA Jean Bosco wari umuyobozi wa Centre de Sante ya Cyanika, Charles UGIRINDEGE wari assistant bourgmestre wa Rukondo, muramu we SEBAKIGA Jean Bosco alias Kinigamazi wari veterinaire wa Komini Karama, MUNYANEZA Jean Bosco wari IPJ kuri Komini Karama, MPAKANIYE Froduald wari encadreur wa Komini Karama, Jean Baptiste KAYIGAMBA wakoraga kuri Centre de Sante ya Cyanika, GAHAMANYI Callixte wari umucuruzi, abakonseye barimo MUNYANKINDI Callixte, BASHIMUBWABO Jean Baptiste, MURINDABABISHA wari Diregiteri wa G.S Cyanika, HISHAMUNDA Charles wari encadreur w’urubyiruko ku Gikongoro, GATARI Jean Damascene wari agronome, GASHARA Alphonse umwarimu i Mbazi, NZUNGIZE Azaria wari sekreteri kuri superefegitura ya Karaba, KAREKEZI Kizito umunyeshuri muri Kaminuza akaba yari n’umukinnyi wa Mukura, MAGEZA Onesphore umupolisi wa Rukondo, MUDENGE Yuvenali (reserviste), abapolisi HABIMANA na MUNYANEZA Sipiriyane na bamwe mu ba resiponsabure ba za selire za segiteri Cyanika, Kibingo, Gitega, Ngoma, Muganza, Kiraro, Kiyumba na Nyanzoga. Interahamwe zagize uruhare runini mu kwica Abatutsi mu Cyanika ni : DEMOKARASI Joseph alias Rubera, ULINZWENIMANA Etienne alias Kazungu, NTAGANIRA Emmanuel alias Muturage, NKURIZA Anastase alias Serufirira, KABERA Vianney na mukuru we GASURIRA, NIZEYIMANA Athanase alias Musebeya, MUSONI Anselme, MUGAMBIRA Apollinaire, BIZIMANA alias Munyu, KARAMIRA Maurice, KAYIHURA Joseph, MUGENGA Joseph, MUBIRIGI Zakariya, RWAMAKUZA Cyriaque, RUDAHANWA Telesifore, BUKEYE Alfonsi, MUTAJUGIRE Francois alias Rupajyama, MIYERI, NAMBAJE Alfonsi, Aloyizi SEKAGANDA mwene Ntwarabashi, RUTEBUKA Martin, RWAGASANA Venant, BIZIMANA alias Nderema, MUHAYA Mwene Mishogoro, Dominiko mwene Busizori, RUKARA Mariko, SENYANA mwene Butuyu, n’abandi. 4. Abatutsi biciwe kuri Paruwasi gaturika ya Kaduha, Nyamagabe Paruwasi ya Kaduha iri mu cyahoze ari Komini Karambo, Superefegitura ya Kaduha, perefegitura ya Gikongoro. Abatutsi bari bahahungiye bahateze amakiriro bari baturutse mu makomini atandukanye ariyo Komini Muko, Musange, Karambo na Musebeya. Abatutsi batangiye kuhagera ku itariki ya 8/4/1994. Bigeze ku itariki ya 17/4/1994 umujandarume wari uhari yabatse intwaro gakondo zose bari bafite ababwira ko babarinda. Mbere y’iyo tariki basangiraga ibyo bahunganye ariko umubikira w’umudagekazi wayoboraga Centre de Santé witwaga MILGHITA agatekera abana igikoma. Abapadiri bari bafite umuceri ariko babicisha inzara kuko umupadiri w’umurundi wahabaga witwaga Nyandwi Athanase Robert yari mu bategura umugambi wo kubica. Ku itariki ya 20/4/1994 uwo mupadiri yabasabye kugura uwo muceri, ikilo bakakigura amafaranga 5 kandi azi ko bagiye kubica. Amafaranga bari bafite bahise bayakoresha bawugura barayamara. Ku itariki ya 21/04/1994 haje igitero kinini cyane kirimo abajandarume, abavuye mu gisirikare n’abicanyi bavuye mu makomini ya Muko, Karambo, Musange, Musebeya bafite intwaro zitandukanye kandi nyinshi bagota aho impunzi ziri. Abatutsi bagera ku 45,000 biciwe i Kaduha kuri paruwasi gaturika uwo munsi harokoka bacye cyane. Ubwicanyi bwashishikajwe kandi buyoborwa n’abantu b’injijuke barimo Padiri Nyandwi Robert, superefe Joachim Hategekimana, umukozi w’umushinga PDAG bahimbaga Katasi wabaye ikirangirire mu kwica i Kaduha, Ngezahayo Straton wahoze ari umusirikare mu ngabo zatsinzwe, Karangwa François umukozi w’urukiko, uwahoze ari umusirikare witwa Gerivasi, Kayihura Albert wari Burugumestri wa komini Muko, Interahamwe yitwaga Rukokoma, Ntawera, Matabaro,.. bafatanyije n’izindi nterahamwe kimwe n’abanyeshuri bo mu Ruhengeri bari barahahungiye ubwo urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu rwarimo rukomeza. Abo bose bari bayobowe n’abajandurume bavuye ku Gikongoro ku itariki 8/4/1994 bahabwa amabwiriza na Colonel SIMBA Aloys wari ushinzwe ikiswe defence civile muri Gikongoro na Butare. Kugeza ubu umubare w’abashyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kaduha umaze kugera ku 47.311. Muri aka gace bakomeje kwica abari bararokotse kuko Kaduha yari mu gace kagenzuwe n’ingabo z’Abafaransa mu kiswe Zone Turquoise bituma ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zitahagera. 5. Abatutsi biciwe ahantu hatandukanye muri Komini Ntongwe, Ruhango a) Mu misozi yo muri Ntongwe Tariki 18-19 kugeza kuri 20/04/1994 hari Abatutsi bagiye ku misozi bagerageza kwirwanaho. Aho twavuga ku musozi wa Nyiranduga, ahahuriye Abatutsi benshi baturukaga Gisali na Kibanda, Mbuye, Ndetse na Mukinga mu yahoze ari Komini Mugina, aho birwanyeho bakamara iminsi ine (4) barwanya ibitero byabateraga bakabinesha nyuma hakaza Burugumesitiri Kagabo Charles wari uwa Komini Ntongwe n’uwari superefe wa Superefegitura ya Ruhango witwaga Placide Koroni ndetse n’Abajandarume, babwira Abatutsi ko bajya kuri Komini bakabona uko babarinda neza naho wari umugambi wo kubona uko babicira hamwe. Akandi gasozi Abatutsi birwanyeho ni agasozi ka Gacuriro ya Nyakabungo, ariko bahavanwa na Burugumesitiri Kagabo ababwiye ko bajya kubarindira kuri Komini, ariko ari amayeri yo kugira ngo babice. Hari ku italiki ya 19/4/1994. Ahandi ni Ntungamo ya Kayenzi muri Nyabitare. Barwanye n’interahamwe bakoresha amacumu, imiheto cyane cyane amabuye, nyuma haza ibitero by’izindi nterahamwe zivuye Nyakabungo no muri segiteri ya Ntongwe zibakwiza imishwaro, bamwe bakomeza Tambwe na Ruhango abandi zigenda zibica umugenda. b) Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ahahoze ibiro bya Komini Ntongwe Abatutsi batangiye kuhahungira kuva ku italiki ya 10/4/1994 kuko Abahutu bari batangiye kubatwikira, kubica no kurya inka zabo. Ku dusozi tumwe Abatutsi batangiye kwirwanaho ariko uwari burugumesitiri wa Komini Ntongwe Kagabo Charles na superefe Placide Koloni bifashishije aba konseye b’amasegiteri babohereza kuri Komini bababeshya ko babarindirayo. Abatutsi ba nyuma bageze kuri Komini tariki ya 19 na 20/4/1994, n’abari bihishe ahandi, bagiye kuri Komini bagendeye ku karimi keza ka burugumesitiri Charles Kagabo na superefe Placide Koloni batazi ko ari umugambi wo kubarimburira hamwe wateguwe kare. Kuva tariki 17-18 na 19/04/1994 Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Komini babanje kwirwanaho uko bashoboye bakoresha amabuye bagasubizayo ibitero byabateraga kugeza ku itariki 20/04/1994. Burugumesitri Kagabo Charles na superefe Kolini Placide, uko bakusanyirizaga Abatutsi kuri Komini Ntongwe ni ko bakusanyaga n’abicanyi: interehamwe zambutse Bugesera, abarundi bava mu nkambi i Nyagahama ndetse n’abaturage n’abajandarume Kagabo yari yagiye gusaba i Nyanza. Bose bahuriye kuri Komini Ntongwe mu ijoro ryo ku wa 20/4/1994 rishyira 21/04/1994 bagaba igitero ku Batutsi barabarimbura. Iki gitero cyateguriwe mu nama zabereye i Mutima hagati y’italiki 17 na 19/4/1994 zari ziyobowe n’abajandarume, harimo na burugumesitiri Kagabo n’abarundi b’impunzi. Bashatse ahantu banyura hihishe kugira ngo bikubite ku Batutsi bari kuri komini batababonye. Baciye Gako ako kunyura Nyakabungo kugira ngo Abatutsi batumva urusaku rw’imodoka bagahunga, bageze Mutima, bahagaritse imodoka bagenda n’amaguru bayobowe na Kagabo. Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 20/4/1994 ibitero byose byahuriye kuri komini nijoro kugeza kuri 21/04/1994 Abasirikare n’abapolisi barashe mu kivunge amasasu menshi batera na grenades, abageragezaga guhunga bagasanga abari bahagaze n’imihoro n’izindi ntwaro gakondo bakabica ku buryo bigaragara ko ubwicanyi bwari bwateguwe neza muri ya nama ya Mutima. c) Ubwicanyi bwabereye mu kibaya cya Nyamakumba Ubwicanyi bwakozwe ku itariki ya 21/04/1994. I Nyamukumba mu birometero 2 uvuye ahari ibiro bya Komini Ntongwe ugana mu Ruhango. Ni ahantu hari ikibaya kinini cyane. Bahitiriye imperuka y’abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Komini Ntongwe kubera ubwicanyi n’umubare w’Abatutsi bahaguye, bari bashoboye gucika grenades, amasasu, imihoro byo mu gitero cyo kuri Komini, bamwe bakomeretse cyane. Mu buryo bw’ubugome, abasirikare bashyize imbunda ku misozi ikikije Nyamukumba, ku buryo aho wahungira hose baza kuba bakureba kuko ari ikibaya kinini, ubundi abari baticiwe kuri Komini babahindira muri icyo kibaya, izindi nzira zihunga barazifunga. Kinazi ku maduka hagiye interehamwe ziganjemo abarundi, I Nyagahama hari naho abarundi, interahamwe za Bugesera n’abasirikare n’abajandarume babarasa umugenda kandi babahindira Nyamukumba. Bose bageze Nyamukumba, abari ku misozi bari biteguye kubarasa bose n’imbunda barasiye rimwe, interahamwe zifite imihoro, impiri amacumu, zikagenda zirangiza abataranogoka. Hacuze imiborogo, hagwa abantu benshi. Aho hantu hahawe izina ry’imperuka ya Nyamukumba. d) Ubwicanyi bwakorewe aho bitaga kuri CND ku Rutabo Icyo cyobo bise CND ni kinini cyane cyacukuwe mu mwaka wa 1992 kikaba cyari inyuma y’amashuri abanza yo ku Rutabo A. Hiciwe Abatutsi benshi cyane ku buryo bw’indengakamere ndetse bajugunyamo n’abo biciye ahandi. CND yiswe iri zina kubera kuri CND i Kigali, aho ingabo za FPR zaje kurinda abayobozi ba FPR bagombaga kwinjizwa muri guverinoma yaguye y’inzibacyuho zabaga. Mu yandi magambo, kujyanayo Abatutsi kubicirayo kwari ukubasangisha abo bitaga bene wabo muri CND Kigali. Igitero cyari kuri icyo cyobo cyari gikuriwe na NSABIMANA Jacques wayoboraga CDR muri Ntongwe wari uzwi ku izina rya Pilato kuko uwajyaga kwicirwa kuri icyo cyobo cya CND yabanzaga gushinyagurirwa n’uwo Nsabimana Jacques. Amwe mu mazina ya ba ruharwa bagaragaye cyane muri ubwo bwicanyi ni Kagabo Charles wari burugumesitiri wa Komini Ntongwe, Placide Koroni wari superefe wa Superefegitura ya Ruhango, Abakonseye bayoboraga segiteri zose uko ari 13 zari zigize Komini Ntongwe, Abasirikare nka Hitabatuma, Rucyeragabiro w’i Nyabusinzu kwa Kamugunga, Visenti wo kwa Birara Vianney nawe w’i Nyabusinzu,… Umuturage witwa Ntintanguranwa watwitse umwana w’uruhinja ku mbabura i Gishari ya Kareba, Konseye wa Kareba Kanyandekwe Zefaniya na resiponsabure Kageruka Aristarque, Mwalimu Nsabimana Jacques (Wari wariyise Pilato), Umucuruzi w’i Kareba witwaga Simoni Munyentama hamwe na mukuru we, Nahayo Florent, Abarundi batazwi amazina yabo bari batuye mu nkambi i Nyagahama bishe Abatutsi bamara kubica bakabakuramo imitima bakayotsa ku mbabura barangiza bakayirya. 6. Abatutsi biciwe kuri paruwasi gaturika ya Karama, Runyinya, Huye Ku wa 08/04/1994, impunzi z’Abatutsi zatangiye kugera I Karama. Zaturukaga ahitwa mu I Ramba no muri perefegitura ya Gikongoro bakaza kuri paruwasi ya Karama. Bazaga babaye, bananiwe, bashonje kandi harimo n’abakomeretse. Tariki ya 10/04/1994, HATEGEKIMANA Deogratias wari Burugumesitiri yatumije abakonseye b’abahutu bose, abaserire b’abahutu bose ndetse n’abandi bakomeye barimo Diregiteri w’ikigo cy’ishuri ryisubuye rya APAREC n’abacuruzi mu nama yo gutegura Jenoside. Nta mututsi wemerewe kujyayo kuko inama yakozwe hashyizweho bariyeri ebyiri, imwe ku kibuga cya komini, indi aho centre itangirira zose zirinzwe n’abapolisi bakinjiza uwo bazi. SERUTWA Damien wari Resiponsabure wa serire Umuyange yangiwe kwinjira kuko yari Umututsi. Tarki 11/04/1994, Burugumesitiri Hategekimana Deogratias yajyanye umupolisi witwa GATITIBA Thomas kuri moto ya Komini bajya mu I Ramba bategeka impunzi z’abatutsi kwerekeza I Karama. Uwo munsi haje impunzi nyinshi zirimo inkomere nyinshi. Padiri Ngomirakiza Francois afata abakomeretse cyane abageza ku bitaro bya Kaminuza I Butare, ari nako ashakisha imfashanyo zo gutunga impunzi zari zimaze kuba nyinshi I Karama. Tariki 14-16/04/1994 amazu y’Abatutsi yaratwitswe ku misozi yose ikikije Karama kandi bitangirira umunsi umwe: Nyarusange- Mukongoro-Kibingo-Buhoro-Bunazi-Uwarugondo…Impunzi zose zakusanyirijwe I Karama ku Kiriziya, mu mashuri, ku isoko zari zaturutse mu Makomini ya Gikongoro na Butare: Runyinya, Rwamiko, Mubuga, Kinyamakara, Huye (Muyogoro), Maraba, Mudasomwa, Nyakizu (Rusenge), Kivu. Zose zarabaruwe zishyirwa mu mashuri hakurikijwe Segiteri baturutsemo. Ku wa 16/04/1994 nibwo bishe umututsi wa mbere I Karama witwa Myandagara bamwicira ku kabari I Kibingo. Ku wa 18/04/1994 Burugumesitiri n’abapolisi batwaye umubitsi wa koperative yitwaga KOPIARU ngo abereke imfunguzo za coffre fort bahita banamwica. Abicanyi baciye umuyoboro w’amazi, umugezi w’Agatenga bawusukamo kirorini kugirango impunzi zicwe n’umwuma. Burugumesitiri Hategekimana Deo yaje kujya gushaka abajandarume bavuka I Karama barimo uwitwa Twagirumukiza Charles bazana amasasu n’imbunda, ababagira ikimasa, hanyuma abeshya Abatutsi ko baje kubarinda. Tariki 20/04/1994 abajandarume bayobowe n’uwitwa RWASAMANZI na KIMASA bakoraga muri APAREC, bagiye I Bunazi naho hari hahungiye Abatutsi barabarasa babatera n’amagrenades. Abacitse ku icumu baje basanga abandi batutsi I Karama. Muri iryo joro padiri Ngomirakiza yabwiye impunzi ko nta buhungiro, abagerageje guhunga babagarurira kuwa Rugondo kuri bariyeri babatera amabuye. Tariki 21/04/1994, Abahutu benshi cyane bitwaje ibihiri n’imipanga binjiye mu mpunzi babanza kuzigendamo bazitegereza, bigeze saa tatu za mu gitondo haza ibitero by’interahamwe nyinshi zambaye ibirere baturuka impande zose bagota aho impunzi zari ziri barazica. Nyuma bafashe abana bari barokotse ubwo bwicanyi babakusanyiriza hamwe, babatekera igikoma bashyiramo acide ubundi barabaha barakinywa barashira. Imibiri y’Abatutsi bagera ku bihumbi 70 nibo bashyinguye mu Rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Karama. 7. Abatutsi biciwe ku musozi wa Gashinge, Kamonyi Gashinge ni agasozi gaherereye mu Mudugudu wa Gasharu, Akagari ka Nyamirenbe, Umurenge wa Karama, Akarere ka Kamonyi ariko kera hakaba hari muri Komini Kayenzi yayoborwaga na MBARUBUKEYE Yohani. Tariki 19 Mata 1994, nibwo Abatutsi bahungiye kuri ako gasozi, haza abavuye muri Komini Nyabikenke, Rutobwe, abaturutse i Musasa, Taba n’ahandi. Batangiye kubagabaho ibitero, kuva tariki ya 19 Mata 1994 bigizwe n’abahutu baturutse mu ma Komini yari afite Abatutsi bahungiye kuri ako gasozi. Abatutsi birwanaho bakoresheje amabuye barabanesha, hanyuma ibitero bifata umugambi wo gutema intoki n’ishyamba rya Leta ryari rihari. Ku itariki ya 21/04/1994, haje igitero gikomeye cyari kirimo abasirikare, abapolisi, n’abaturage benshi, kiyobowe n’uwitwa Buyumbu wanayoboye ibitero by’ahitwa Bibare. Kugirango batsembe Abatutsi hakoreshejwe grenade, imbunda, noneho interahamwe zibona kwirara mu Batutsi zirabatema zikoresheje intwaro zirimo imihoro, udufuni, amashoka, ibisongo n’ibindi. Ubwicanyi bwatangiye mu masaha ya mu gitondo burangira nyuma ya saa sita. Ababashije gucika bahungiye ku musozi wa Bibare, bicirwayo tariki ya 22/04/1994. Abandi babashije kurokoka kuri uwo musozi, ndetse n’abandi bakuraga mu ngo, mu minsi ya mbere babakoreshaga ibirometero n’ibirometero bakajya kubaroha muri Nyabarongo. Abandi barabakusanije babicira ku kibuga cyo kuri Segiteri ya Nyamirembe bitaga CND. 8. Abatutsi biciwe mu Cyakabiri i Rutobwe, Gitarama, Muhanga Cyakabiri iherereye mu kagari ka Kigarama umurenge wa Cyeza akarere ka Muhanga. Aha ni ahantu hazwi cyane muri aka gace kubera bariyeri yari ikomeye cyane yaguyeho abatutsi hafi ijana, kuberako aha hantu hari murugabano rwa Kayumbu na Cyeza, hashyizwe bariyeri ikumira kandi ikicirwagaho abatutsi bahungaga berekeza I Kabgayi, baturutse muri komine Rutobwe, Nyabikenke, Kayenzi na Rukoma. Iyi bariyeri yashyizweho mu matariki 14/04/1994, kuko ubwicanyi muri Rutobwe bwatangiye mu matariki 13 z’uko kwezi, ariko abantu benshi bayiciweho cyane tariki 21/04/1994 n’ubwo mbere y’iyo tariki na nyuma hicirwagaho abatutsi kugeza FPR ihagaritse ubwicanyi muri ako gace. Abicwaga bashyirwaga mu cyobo cyari hafi aho bitaga CND, kandi bicwaga mu buryo bubi, babanje gushinyagurirwa, bicishwa intwaro gakondo, zirimo impiri zikwikiyemo imisumari bitaga nta mpongano y’umwanzi, inkoni, ibisongo, imihoro n’ibindi. Muri rusange muri ako gace abatutsi barashinyaguriwe kuko babakataga ibice bimwe by’umubiri nk’amatwi, ibitsi nyuma bakagaruka kubica buhoro buhoro. Undi mwihariko muri ako gace ni uko abatutsi bicishijwe uburozi, abicanyi bafataga umuti witwa Kiyoda usanzwe wica udukoko, bakawushyira mu macupa, bakawunywesha abatutsi ku ngufu ngo ayo ni amata kandi barayakunda. Abagize uruhare muri ubu bwicanyi ni uwari Minisitiri w’urubyiruko n’amashyirahamwe NZABONIMANA Callixte wari ku isonga mu bashishikarizaga abaturage ba Rutobwe ubwicanyi. Yakoreshaga imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa kombe yabaga yashyizemo indangururamajwi akanyura muri Rutobwe ajya iwabo mucyari komine Nyakabanda, agenda ashishikariza abahutu ko ngo umwanzi wabo ari umututsi. NZABONIMANA yanazanye imihoro myinshi muri iyo modoka, agenda ayiha abaturage ku muhanda. Uretse imihoro kandi yabaga afite na gerenade ariko zo zikaba zarafashwe na bake kuko benshi batari basobanukiwe n’imikoreshereze yazo. Hari n’abandi nka SEROMBA Barthazar wari secretaire wa MDR muri Komini, MUVUZAMPAMA wari visi perezida wa MDR, MPARABANYI, AYIDINI, DUSABE, KAMPAYANA, HARINDIKIJE n’abandi. Nyuma ya jenoside imirambo yakuwe mu Cyakabiri ishyingurwa mu rwibutso rwa Kayumbu, rushyinguyemo imibiri 428 yakuwe muri Rutobwe. Uru rwibutso rwubatse mu murenge wa Kayumbu mu Karere ka Kamonyi. 9. Abatutsi biciwe mu Murenge wa Tumba (Mpare na Musange), Huye Mpare ubu iherereye mu Murenge wa Tumba, ikaba yarabarizwaga mu cyahoze ari Komini Huye. Jenoside igitangira muri aka gace, abaturage bose bashyize hamwe bagiye mu Muyogoro gukumira abicanyi baturukaga muri Nyaruguru. Ku itariki 20/04/2019 Burugumesitiri Ruremesha Jonathan wategekaga Komini Huye, wavukaga I Mpare, yakoresheje inama abaturage b’abahutu gusa, abatutsi yabirukanye. Bwakeye kuri 21/04/2019 Abahutu bose bashyize ibirere ku nzu zabo, bahita batangira kwica abatutsi, kubasahura, kubasenyera no kubatwikira. Abasirikare, abajandarume n’abaturage bafatanyije gutsemba abatutsi. Abasirikare n’abajandarume bagiye ahirengeye ku kigega (aho bita ku Nganzagihendo) bakajya barasa abatutsi bari bahakusanyijirijwe. Abatutsi bahiciwe ni abaturutse I Musange, Mpare, Vumbi, Gishamvu, na Nyaruguru. Hiciwe abarenga 11,000. Abari ku isonga mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside ni Burugumesitiri RUREMESHA Jonathan na Depute BANYANGIRIKI Zacharie yavukaga I Mpare. Yakoresheje inama ahitwa mu Kabuga ishishikariza abahutu kwica abatutsi, aho yavuze yeruye ati: “umwanzi turwana ni Umututsi iyo ava akagera”. Abicanyi babigizemo uruhare ni abitwa HARINDINTWARI Theogene yagiye mu mujyi I Butare kwa Ntahobari Maurice kuzana Essence yo gutwikira Abatutsi. BUYENGE Charles wari Konseye wa Segiteri Musange, Nzabahimana Vianney wari Konseye wa Segiteri Mpare, Hangimana Chrisostome yahungiye Zambia, Bungurubwenge Augustin yacitse gereza ahungira muri Afurika y’Epfo, Mondi Mazuru yari umushoferi muri DGB yahungiye muri Malawi n’abandi. 10. Abatutsi biciwe Gishubi, Gisagara Segiteri Gishubi mu gihe cya Jenoside yari iyobowe na Konseye Ugirashebija Francois ari nawe wayoboye ubwicanyi afatanyije na mugenzi we Ndayishimiye Augustin wari Konseye wa Segiteri Nyaranzi byahanaga imbibi. Inama zitegura Jenoside zakorerwaga mu I Gabiro kwa Mukurarinda Innocent. Uyu Mukurarinda yari kontabure muri komini Kibayi. Abamamaye mu kwica Abatutsi ni: Ugirashebuja Francois wari Konseye wa Segiteri Gishubi, Mukurarinda Innocent yahungiye Uganda, Umupolisi witwa Ubarijoro Gaspard yarashe abatutsi benshi akoresheje imbunda, Nkurikiyinka Viateur bahimbaga MDR, Ntahobavukira Jerome, Matene ya Rubayi, Yoboka Anasthase, Munyagandwi Anasthase, Ndekezi Augustin, Nyandwi Francois, Rwamakuba, Bugirimfura Visenti, Semicaca, Kabandana Jean Bosco, Nyirishema Saveri, Ugaragaye Emmanuel, Shyirambere Francois bitaga Nyabarongo, Mwumvaneza Alexandre wari umwarimu, Ngwenyerezi Vianey, Rukundo mwene Njogori yayogoje Akarere, Niyongira Bonaventure wari umupolisi, Mbanzwirikeba Cassien waeri umusilikare, Ruzindana mwene Nzirumbanje yahungiye muri Afurika y’Epfo, Rugira Emmanuel yari yarakatiwe burundu aza gutoroka gereza ajya I Burayi, Havugimana Anatole yigaga muri kaminuza (yarapfuye), Rutebuka Alexandre yari encadreur wa Komini Muganza, Munyagandwi Venuste yarireze yemera icyaha agabanyirizwa ibihano atanga n’amakuru menshi kuri Jenoside, abarundi bo mu muryango wa Mushatsi barashe abatutsi benshi bakoresheje imiheto. Barimo uwitwa Karuhije, Macumi, Sekimonyo, Muhitira, Ndururutse (basubiye i Burundi). Ku wa 20/04/1994 baraye batwika amazu y’Abatutsi, batangira kubica ku wa 21/04/1994. Abatutsi biciwe i Gishubi ni abari bahatuye n’abaturutse hirya no hino bashakisha uko bahunga, barimo abaturutse I Ndora, Musha, Gikongoro… Bishwe ari benshi cyane kuwa kane tariki 21/04/1994, babarangiza kuwa gatanu tariki 22/04/1994 bahita bakomeza bajya kwica Abatutsi bari I Musha, kuwa gatandatu tariki 23/04/1994 bakomereza I Kabuye. Kuri Segiteri Gishubi no mu nkengero zayo haguye Abatutsi barenga ibihumbi bibiri. Muri buri huriro ry’imihanda hari hashinze bariyeri: ku biro bya Segiteri, kuri centre yo mu I Gabiro hari ebyiri, muri Busave, ku Gafita, mu Gatare, kuri Muswa, i Zanwe ku muhanda ujya I Kigozi, kuri Mbonwa no mu Bitare. Gishubi ifite umwihariko kuko nta mututsi numwe wayirokokeyemo ahari. Umututsi waho babuze mu mirambo bajyaga kumuhiga muri za Segiteri bahana imbibi bamubona bakamwica bakagaruka. Uwarokotse ni uwashoboye gusohoka muri iyo Segiteri agahungira ahandi. 11. Abatutsi biciwe Musha, Komini Mugusa, Gisagara Inama zitegura Jenoside zakorerwaga mu nyubako ya IGA, zayoborwaga na Perezida wa MRND witwa Muramba Augustin. Zitabirwaga na Kanyabikari Telesphore, Ngango Viateur, Mukasangwa Alice, Sekamana Jean Marie Vianney, Muzigirwa Francois, Muhozi Bernard… Ahiciwe abatutsi benshi ni kuri centre y’ubucuruzi ya Musha, kuri Segiteri ya Cyayi no ku Murama no mu kigo nderabuzima cya Musha. Abari ku isonga mu bwica ni Kabayiza wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Mugusa, Ngango Viateur yari Konseye wa Segiteri Musha, Muramba Augustin yari inspecteur w’amashuri abanza, Kanyabikari Telesphore yari Directeur yari diregiteri w’amashuri abanza. Hari n’abapolisi barimo uwitwa Gasasira, Panueri na Emmanuel Nsanzimana. Hari kandi Sibomana Ignace wayoboraga ibitero na Habyarimana Stanislas wayoboraga bariyeri yo muri centre ya Musha. 12. Abatutsi biciwe ahantu hatandukanye mu Mujyi wa Butare, Huye Ku itariki 19/04/1994, Sindikubwabo Théodore wari Perezida wa Guverinoma yiyise iyabatabazi yakoresheje inama mu Ngoro ya Muvoma (inzu Mberabyombi ya Perefegitura ya Butare). Iyo nama yatumiwemo Abategetsi bose bo ku nzego zose za Perefegitura, bahabwa amabwiriza ajyanye no gutangira gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside. Ayo mabwiriza yategekaga kwica abatutsi bose nta numwe usigaye, kandi uwanze kubica n’ugerageje kubarengera akicwa. Inama yabanjirijwe no gutangaza ikurwaho rya Perefe wa Butare Dr Jean Baptiste Habyarimana wari umututsi aza kwicwa hamwe n’umuryango we. Yasimbujwe Nsabimana Sylvain, wahise akoresha inama ku wa 20/04/1994, aha gahunda ya jenoside ba burugumesitiri bose. Abakonseye nabo baraye bakoresheje inama abaserire bose, kandi izi nama nta mututsi wemererwaga kuzijyamo niyo yaba ari umutegetsi wo ku rwego rwatumiwe. Mu mujyi wa Butare Abatutsi benshi biciwe kuri Perefegitura ya Butare, ku Bitaro bya Kaminuza (CHUB), mu ishuri ry’abasilikare rya ESSO, mu ishyamba rya Arboretum, muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda, muri SORWAL (uruganda rw’ibibiriti), muri EAV Kabutare, muri Groupe Scolaire Officiel ya Butare, Mu ishyamba ryo kuri Caraès Butare, mu ishyamba ryo kuri Musée, Kuri paruwasi ya Ngoma, ku kigo nderabuzima cya Matyazo, I Cyarwa ku Gateme no ku mabariyeri yari hirya no hino harimo iyo kuri Faucon, kuri Kaminuza no ku Mukoni imbere yo kwa Ntahobari Maurice na Nyiramasuhuko Paulina, imbere yo kwa Bihira Juvenal, haruguru ya Musee, mu Rwabuye n’ahandi… Abatutsi bari bahungiye muri groupe scolaire officiel de Butare batangiye kwicwa kuri 21//04/1994. Bishwe n`interahamwe nyinshi zivanze n’abasirikare. Uwo munsi kandi nibwo bishe Abatutsi muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’ u Rwanda. Benshi mu barimu b’abahutu bo muri Kaminuza barangaga abarimu n’abakozi b’abatutsi bagenzi babo. Benshi mu barimu n’abakozi n’abanyeshuri ba kaminuza b’abahutu bajyaga kuri bariyeri yo ku Mukoni n’iyo kwa Sebukangaga. Abarokokaga ubwicanyi bahoraga bazengurutswa ku biro bya Perefegitura, kuri Eglise Anglicane no ku bitaro bya kaminuza (CHUB). Aho mu bitaro bari barabashingiye ihema imbere ya service ya dermatologie no kuri pediatrie, bakarara babica, mu gitondo saa tatu imodoka ikaza gupakira imirambo ijya kuyimena. Abatutsi bageze kuri perefegitura ya Butare guhera kuri 19/04/1994 baricwaga n’abagore bagakorerwa ibya mfura mbi buri munsi. Buri joro imodoka yazaga gutunda abajya kwicwa, ihagarikiwe na Arsene Shalom Ntahobari, Nyiramasuhuko Paulina, Joseph Kanyabashi, uwitwa Jumapili na Nsengiyumva. Ubwicanyi bwabaga buyobowe na Perefe Nsabimana, Abajandarume n’abasirikare. Nyiramasuhuko yagiye kuri EAR ategeka ko impuzi zose zihava kuko ngo zari ziteye umwanda mu mujyi. Yavugiye muri micro ahamagarira abaturage b’abahutu gutema ibihuru no gukura umwanda mu mujyi. Impunzi z’abatutsi zari zihari zahise zijya kuri perefegitura zirahahangayikira bikomeye. Nyuma, abategetsi bazanye amabisi menshi atarimo intebe, barabapakira ku itegeko rya Kanyabashi, babajyana ahitwa I Nyange ariko abicanyi bagenda baherekeje ayo ma bisi n’intwaro bajya kubicira I Kibirizi. Abarokotse ubwo bwicanyi bagarutse babacuje barongera bajya kuri perefegitura ariko ari mbarwa. Nyuma bagarutse gusukura umujyi babajyana mu I Rango barahaba mu buzima bubi ari naho inkotanyi zabasanze abagihumeka zirabarokora. Ku itariki ya 30/04/1994 hishwe abatutsi bari barahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Ngoma. Bamwe mu bari ku isonga mu bwicanyi bwakozwe mu Mujyi wa Butare ni Burugumesitiri Kanyabashi Joseph, Munyagasheke Isaac n’umuhungu we Désiré Munyaneza, Ntahobari Arsene Shalom, Nyiramasuhuko Pauline, Ntiruhanwe Jean, Kayibanda Jules Nkiko, Amandin Rugira Pacifique, Karabaranga Isaie, Murangwa Innocent, Emmanuel Setakwe, Jacques Habimana wari Konseye wa Segiteri Ngoma n’abandi. Hari kandi n’abasirikare bamugariye ku rugamba n’impunzi z’abarundi. Ahiciwe Abatutsi benshi mu Mujyi wa Butare ku wa 21 mata 1994 ni aha hakurikira: Kuri Perefegitura ya Butare: Hakusanyirijwe abantu benshi baturutse impande zitandukanye (Kigali, Nyaruguru, Gikongoro, Butare, Karama…). Kuri perefegitura Abatutsi barahahangayikiye bicwa n’inzara n’inyota, abagore bafatwa ku ngufu, ari nako buri mwanya imodoka iza igapakira abo kujyana kwicwa, bivugwa ko bicirwaga mu ishyamba ryo ku Kabutare no ku Mukoni. Nyuma bazanye amabisi menshi bakuyemo intebe bapakira abatutsi babajyana kubicira hanze y’umujyi. Abenshi biciwe I Nyange ya Kibirizi n’I Cyarwa ku Gateme. Mu Bitaro bya Kaminuza(CHUB): habereye Jenoside y’indengakamere, uretse abarwayi, abarwaza, abaganga b’abatutsi bahakoraga, hahungiye n’abandi batutsi benshi barimo n’inkomere zari zikeneye kudodwa. Abo b’impunzi ubuyobozi bw’ibitaro bwaje kububakira shitingi (tente) bayibakusanyirizamo. Abandi bari muri service ya dermatologie, muri chirurgie n’imbere ya morgue. Buri gitondo saa tatu, imodoka ya Daihatsu y’ubururu yazaga gupakira imirambo y’abatutsi bishwe ikajya kuyimena. Inkomere zarahaboreraga ntawe uzitaho ngo abadode cyangwa abapfuke. Abenshi bajyanwaga muri ESSO no mu ishyamba rya IRST. Abandi ubutegetsi bwabajyanye kuri perefegitire ya Butare. Bicwaga n’abasirikare, impunzi z’abarundi n’interahamwe zo mu mujyi wa Butare. Kuri EAR Butare: abatutsi bahiciwe n’inzara n’inyota. Nta muntu washoboraga kugira icyo abahereza. Nyiramasuhuko yaraje ahagarara haruguru avugira muri micro ahamagarira abicanyi gukura umwanda kuri EAR. Bahabakuye bagenda babakubita babajyana kuri Perefegitura, bahita bapanga kubapakira amamodoka bakajya kubicira kure. Babajyanye I Nyange ya Kibirizi interahamwe zibashoreye zihita zibica nyuma yo kubacuza. Mu ishyamba rya Arboretum no muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda : habereye Jenoside yindenga kamere. Kaminuza yari izengurutswe na bariyeri zikomeye. Imwe yari kwa Sebukangaga ku irembo rinini, indi yari ku Mukoni. Abatutsi benshi biciwe muri Kaminuza, mu ishyamba rya Arborethum no ku mabariyeri yavuzwe haruguru. Hiciwe bamwe mu banyeshuri, abarimu bahigishaga, abakozi ba Kaminuza b’abatutsi n’abandi batutsi bahahungiye. Hakozwe umukwabu wihariye wo guhiga Abatutsi bihishe mu ishyamba rya Arborethum aho bakoze umurongo bagenda ikirenge ku kindi ari benshi cyane bararirangiza abihishemo barabavumbura barabica. Muri EAV Kabutare: habereye Jenoside y’indengakamere, hiciwe abana b’ababanyeshuri bahigaga, abenshi bakaba bari barakuwe muri Groupe Scolaire de la Salle i Byumba, bavanywe muri zone y’intambara bicishwa na diregiteri w’iryo shuri akaba yari umuhungu wa Gitera Joseph Habyarimana washinze Ishyaka rya APROSOMA, ari nawe watangaje amategeko 10 y’abahutu muri 1959. Muri iki kigo hari urwibutso rushyinguyemo abana n’abarimu babo b’Abatutsi babashije kuboneka. Muri IPRC (ESSO) : Mu gihe cya Jenoside hazanywe abasirikare bari bamaze gukomerekera ku rugamba, bahasanga abandi bari bahari. Muri ESSO, bahazanaga abatutsi bakahabicira, hafatirwaga abagore n’abakobwa nyuma bakabica. 13. Abatutsi biciwe kuri Paruwasi gaturika ya Rugango, Huye I Rugango Abatutsi batangiye kuhahungira ku cyumweru taliki ya 17/4/1994 nyuma ya saa sita. Bari baturutse muri Komini Maraba. Bukeye kuwa mbere n’abatuye ku misozi ikikije Paruwasi Rugango batangiye kuhahungira, bakambika muri atelier no mu mashuri. Abandi benshi bari bahungiye muri Monastère ya Gihindamuyaga, bakambitse aho bitaga muri “camp des jeunes”, abandi barahungiye I Sovu ku kigo nderabuzima no mu kigo cy’Ababikira b’ababenedigitine. Abatutsi bari bahungiye i Rugango bishwe ku itariki ya 21/4/1994 mu gitondo, guhera nka saa mbiri. Abicanyi bari bayobowe na Rekeraho Emmanuel wayoboye n’ibindi bitero byishe Abatutsi bo mu makomini ya Maraba, Mbazi, Huye ndetse na Ruhashya. 14. Abatutsi biciwe i Kibirizi, Gisagara Abatutsi benshi mu yahoze ari Komini Nyaruhengeri bahungiye kuri komini babitegetswe na burugumesitiri Kabeza Charles, baza kwicwa kuva mu ijoro ryo ku wa 21/04/1994. Habayeho ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo byo gufata abagore n’abakobwa ku ngufu nyuma baza kubica, kwica abatutsi babanje kwicukurira umwobo babajugunyamo, kubajugunya mu misarane irimo umwanda ari bazima n’ibindi. Abakonseye b’amasegiteri bafashe indanguramajwi batangaza ko ihumure ryatanzwe, nuko abatutsi bari bihishe bajya ahabona bahita bicwa. Hakoreshejwe imbwa mu guhiga no kuvumbura abatutsi bihishe mu bihuru. Ahari bariyeri ni: Ku Giti cy’umukiza hari bariyeri iyobowe n’umugore witwa Jacquerine mushiki wa Gapiri. Mu Bashingwa hari bariyeri yabagaho abakobwa barimo Mukamuganga, Musanganire, Furaha, Dusabe… Mu Mbeho hari bariyeri yayoborwaga na Karambizi Alphonse Kuri Segiteri Nyaruhengeri hari bariyeri yayoborwaga na Rucyahana Nikodemu. Abari ku isonga mu bwicanyi : Kabeza Charles yari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyaruhengeri Mujyarugamba Pascal yari Burugadiye Ruberabahizi Venuste yari agronome wa komini Nyaruhengeri Nsabumukunzi Faustin yari konseye wa segiteri Kibirizi Hakizayezu Augustin Sematama Gaspard yaturutse i Kansi aza kwica i Kibirizi Kavamahanga Charles Musonera Barthazar Habyarimana Noheri Munyashyaka Francois Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yarateguwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa na Leta. Kubona guhera tariki ya 7 mata 1994 mu gitondo, abatutsi bicwa icyarimwe ahantu hantandukanye mu gihugu hose byerekana ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko ari umugambi wari warateguwe na Leta.
Dr Bizimana Jean Damascene Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside, CNLG |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/17-mata-1994-hashyizweho-ba-perefe-bashya-bagombaga | 17 Mata 1994: Hashyizweho ba perefe bashya bagombaga kwihutisha Jenoside | Ku munsi nk’uyu w’itariki ya 17 Mata mu 1994, Leta y’abicanyi yari ikomeje umugambi wayo mubisha wo gutsemba Abatutsi hirya no hino mu gihugu. Iyi nyandiko iragaragaza hamwe mu hantu hiciwe Abatutsi tariki ya 17 Mata mu 1994. 1. Leta y’abicanyi yashyizeho ba perefe bashya bagombaga kwihutisha Jenoside muri za Perefegitura Tariki ya 17/4/1994, Leta y’abicanyi yakoze inama ifata icyemezo cyo gukuraho bamwe mu baperefe ishyiraho ba ruharwa bagombaga kwihutisha Jenoside mu duce bayobora. Niyo mpamvu perefe Jean-Baptiste Habyalimana wari perefe wa Butare, na Godefroid Ruzindana wa Kibungo bakuweho, nyuma baza no kwicwa n’imiryango yabo. Hashyizweho ba perefe bashya, basanzwe bazwiho ubuhenzanguni, babarizwaga muri Hutu-Powerm aribo François Karera muri Kigali Ngari, Sylvain Nsabimana i Butare, Anaclet Rudakubana i Kibungo, Elie Nyirimbibi i Byumba, Basile Nsabumugisha mu Ruhengeri na Dr Charles Zirimwabagabo ku Gisenyi. François Karera yahamijwe icyaha cya Jenoside n’Urukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho Urwanda ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, Sylvain Nsabimana nawe uru rukiko rwamuhamije icyaha cya Jenoside ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 18, Dr Charles Zirimwabagabo yahamijwe icyaha cya Jenoside n’inkiko z’U Rwanda ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. 2. Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ku cyobo ku Muhima hafi y’Akagari ka Rugenge (CND) no mu murenge wa Kigali ahitwa muri « Centre » ya Kitabi Ku cyobo kiri ku Muhima hafi y’akagari ka Rugenge hiciwe Abatutsi benshi. Icyo cyobo bakitiriye CND kubera ko inkotanyi zari muri CND. Iki cyobo rero bakaba barakimanuragaho abakiri bazima baturutse Kimihurura na Kimicanga bakabafatanya nabo ku Muhima batabashije kuzamuka bajya ku Kiliziya ya Ste Famille na Saint Paul. Imirambo y’abiciwe muri Centre pastoral Saint Paul no muri JOC (Jeunesse Ouvriere catholique) nayo bayijyanaga muri urwo rwobo. Hagati ya 15 mata na 17 mata 1994, mu murenge wa Kigali ahitwa muri Centre ya Kitabi, hejuru ya Nyamirambo iruhande rwa Mont Kigali munsi y’ikigo cya Gisirikare, hari bariyeri yayoborwaga n’interahamwe yari ikomeye yitwaga RUBAYIZA HASSANI na KIBUYE KARUNGU. Rubayiza niwe wari chef w’iyi bariyeri. Abatutsi bahungaga baturuka Mwendo muri Kigali, Kabusunzu na za Nyamirambo hejuru n’abari batuye aho, bakicirwa aho, nyuma bakabasuka mu byobo byari byaracukuwemo amabuye y’agaciro. Interahamwe zunganirwaga n’abasirikari, bi byatumye abahageze bose ntawarokotse. 3. Abatutsi biciwe mu Babikira b’Abakarikuta munsi ya Ste Famille Abatutsi benshi bahungiye mu Babikira b’abakarikuta munsi ya Kiliziya Ste Famille. Interahamwe zabakuyeyo zibamanura ku rwobo bise CND, abana n’abagore bo zabiciye mu babikira. Ubu bwicanyi bwakozwe n’ibitero by’interahamwe byari biyobowe na NYIRABAGENZI Odette wari konseye wa Segiteri Rugenge na Angeline MUKANDUTIYE wari Insipegiteri w’amashuri muri Nyarugenge akaba yaratangaga n’imbunda aziha interahamwe, ari nayo mpamvu iwe bari barahise muri “etat major”. Angeline Mukandutiye nyuma ya Jenoside yahungiye muri Zayire, akaba yaratahutse mu mpera za 2019 muri gahunda yo kurandura imitwe yitwaje intwaro muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, ashyikirizwa gereza ya Mageragere kugira ngo arangize igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu yakatiwe n’Inkiko Gacaca adahari. Uru rwobo rwataburuwemo imibiri yose ishyingurwa mu cyubahiro ku Rwibutso rwa Gisozi. Zimwe mu nterahamwe zabicaga narimo NKESHIMANA alias GIKONGORO, GATARI Fidele, BUGONDO, RWAGATERA Faustin wajyanaga abantu kubata muri CND. 4. Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi mu bitaro bya CHUK Tariki ya 17/4/1994, mu bitaro bya CHUK hiciwe Abatutsi benshi barimo abarwayi bari baharwariye, abari babarwaje n’abahahungiraga. Ibi bitaro byarangwagamo ingengabitekerezo mbi cyane, abaganga bahawe imbunda mu mpera za 1993 babeshya ko ari izo kwirindira umutekano. Uwari umuyobozi w’ibitaro Dr KANYANGABO Faustin yemeye ko mu bitaro hazamo abasirikare bo kuhakorera mu rwego bitaga urwo kurinda umutekano, nyamara ari ukujijisha. Muri mata 1994, abo basirikari bari bayobowe na Ndagijimana Frederic alias Kamashini babanje kubarura Abatutsi kugirango hatabaho kwibeshya bakica abahutu. Hafi y’ibitaro hari interahamwe zari zirekereje, abo basohoye b’Abatutsi zigahita zibica. Uwitwa NTEZIRYAYO Benoit, Edithe MUKAKABERA wari umuforomokazi n’uwari Responsable wa Maternity bafatanyaga n’uwo musirikare KAMASHINI Pierre kurara bagenda mu bitaro baka abarwayi indangamuntu ngo barebe ubwoko bwabo. Abatari abatutsi bakazibasubiza. Abatutsi, Edithe niwe wazibikaga akabasezerera mw’ijoro ngo nibatahe basanze ntacyo barwaye. Hafi y’ibitaro hari interahamwe zibiziranyeho nawe ntizijye kure zigahita zibica. Abo zitishe bicwaga n’abandi. Abenshi bishwe ku itariki ya 17/04/1994. Abaganga, abaforomo n’abakozi b’ibitaro bya CHUK bagize uruhare mu kwica Abatutsi muri ibyo bitari harimo : Dr Ntezayabo Benoit wahamijwe jenoside n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyarugenge rumukatira adahari igifungo cy’imyaka mirongo itatu (30) ; Dr Habyarimana Theoneste wakatiwe adahari n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rugenge, igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko rumuhamije ibyaha bya jenoside bigizwe no gusambanya ku gahato Marie Jeanne Mukarango yarangiza akamwica, urupfu rwa Murwanyashyaka Antoine rwabaye ku wa 12/05/1994 no kuba yarayoboraga amarondo na bariyeri. Dr Augustin Cyimana: yakoze jenoside muri CHUK, akomereza iwabo muri Komini Ntongwe afatanya na burugumesitiri wa Mugina Martin Ndamage. Nyuma ya jenoside yahungiye muri Zambia, aba n’umwe mu bashinze FDLR muri icyo gihugu, anayibera umuyobozi. Ageze muri Zambiya yakoze mu bitaro bya Lusaka. Hari kandi ba Dr Ernest Muvunandinda, Dr Laurent Ruboneza na Dr Buvenge Gerard nabo bavuzwe gukora jenoside. Mu baforomo harimo : Ndayambaje Stefaniya wavukiye I Gihinga mu Karere ka Rutsiro, yari umuforomokazi akaba n’umuyobozi w’Ishami ry’abakozi ba CHUK (Chef du personnel). Yagize uruhare mu iyicwa rya bagenzi be b’abakozi b’abatutsi n’abarimu bo mu Ishuri rya Lycee Notre Dame des Citeaux I Kigali. Yakoranaga n’abasilikare barindaga CHUK akabaha lisiti z’abatutsi nyuma bakicwa. Ibyaha yamahijwe na Gacaca ni ibi: ubufatanyacyaha mu gukora lisiti z’abatutsi bazicwa, gushinyagurira abatutsi abizi neza ko bahigwaga, kujya mu bitero byahigaga Abatutsi muri CHUK, kwicisha umukobwa wari wasizwe muri CHUK n’ababikira. Ku wa 21/06/2008, Urukiko rw’Akagari ka Kiyovu, Umurenge wa Nyarugenge, rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka mirongo itatu (30). Bananeza Marie Josee: Akomoka muri Komini Bulinga (Gitarama). Yicishije abatutsi b’abarwayi, abakozi ba CHUK n’abahahungiye. Edith Mukakabera, Philomene Mukandamage ukomoka i Byumba na Marie Josee Bananeza bari bagize itsinda ryazengurukaga ibitanda byose by’abarwayi bababaza indangamuntu bityo bagakora lisiti bashyikirizaga abasilikare bari bayobowe n’uwari ubakuriye “Kamashini” wari umwicanyi ruharwa. Josephine Mukaruhungo: Akomoka Kibilira. Yamaze abantu ku Kivugiza. Mu bantu yishe harimo umwarimukazi witwaga Edith n’abana be ndetse n’abana b’uwitwa Kamatari. Yitabiriye kandi inama zitegura Jenoside zabereye ku mwicanyi ruharwa wa Kivugiza witwaga Gaspard Nsengiyumva. Muri 1990 yagize uruhare mu gufungisha bagenzi be b’abatutsikazi ababeshyera kuba ibyitso by’Inkotanyi. 5. Iyicwa ry’abatutsi muri CARAES Ndera/Gasabo Mu 1994 mu Murenge wa Ndera mu kigo cya CARAES hahungiye Abatutsi benshi baturukaga ku musozi wa Ndera, Rubungo, Jurwe, Murindi, Gasogi, Kanombe na Remera bizeye kuhakirira kuko hari mu kigo cy’abihaye Imana. Bahahungiye kuva ku itariki ya 8 -10/04/1994, bigeze ku itariki ya 10 mata interahamawe zitangira kubatera ariko ziri inyuma y’igipangu ntizibashe kwica benshi kuko nabo birwanagaho. Ikindi uko mubari bahahungye harimo abari bahunganye intwaro zabo za gakondo bituma bakomeza kwirwanaho bakoresha izo ntwaro zabo. Tariki ya 11 mata 1994, abasirikare b’ababirigi baje gutwara abafureri n’abarwayi b’ababiligi bari baharwariye n’imbwa zabo. Interahamwe zimaze kubona ko abazungu bagiye, zakomeje kugabayo ibitero abandi bakomeza kwirwanaho. Interahamwe zimaze kunanirwa zahuruje abarikare I Kanombe bahagera tariki 17/4 ikigo baragisenya batangira kubateramo amagerenade babasohora hanze. Bamaze kubona ko bishe benshi, baragiye interahamwe zisigara zica abasigaye batapfuye. Byageze aho bajya no mu barwayi, uwo babonye asa n’umututsi wese bakamwica. Abatutsi biciwe muri CARAES bagera ku bihumbi 3500. Kuri uyu musozi kandi hari hatuye bamwe mu basirikare ba Habyarimana bakomeye ari nabo, mbere ya Jenoside, bagize uruhare hamwe n’imiryango yabo, mu gukangurira abaturage baho gukora Jenoside. Hari hatuye n’abayobozi bakuru nka Mbonampeka Stanislas wari Minisitiri w’ubucamanza, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Rubungo Rurenganganizi Valens, Padiri Gakuba Déo wari umukuru wa Paruwasi ya Ndera n’abandi. Aba bose bakaba ari nabo bagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu iseminari nto ya Ndera. 6. Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ku Munini muri Nyaruguru Ubwicanyi bwakorewe muri superefegitura yose ya Munini yari igizwe na Komini Mubuga, Rwamiko, Kivu na Nshili bwayobowe Superefe Damiyani Biniga. Tariki ya 11/4/1994, ku Munini mu gasantere k’ubucuruzi haberaga isoko buri wa mbere w’icyumweru, Superefe BINIGA afatanyije na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Mubuga, NYIRIDANDI Charles bakoresheje inama abari baje mu isoko bababwira ko bagomba gufata imihoro bakica abatutsi ndetse bakanabatwikira. Uwo munsi Abatutsi batangiye guhungira kuri Superefegitura ya Munini babishishikarijwe n’abakonseye ba Segiteri Kibirizi, Gisizi na Gasave bababwiraga ko ariho bari bubashe kubarindira umutekano. Abagerageje guhungira i Burundi bakumiriwe na Konseye wa Kibirizi bakajyanwa kuri superefegitura. Uretse izo Segiteri, abandi bahahungiye babaga baturutse muri Komini Rwamiko na Kivu zari zituranye na Mubuga. Kuwa 12-13/4/1994 abajandarume boherejwe mu ngo z’abatutsi kureba abatari bahungiye kuri Superefegitura, abo bafataga ntabwo babicaga ahubwo bajyanwaga aho ku Munini. Nyuma yo kuhagera babayeho mu buzima bubi kuko bicishijwe inyota bitewe n’uko amatiyo yajyanagayo amazi bayaciye. Superefe Biniga yajyaga aza akabareba ubundi akongera akagenda. Abatutsi bashatse guhungira i Burundi bagiye kugera ku mupaka, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nshili, Kadogi yohereza Interahamwe zirabagarura, babajyana ahitwa ku giti cy’urubanza babashyira mu muhanda rwagati maze Interahamwe zirabagota zifite intwaro gakondo, zibicisha gerenade n’imipanga. Tariki ya 16-17/4/1994, abahutu bari batuye ku Munini bafashijwe n’interahamwe zaho ndetse na bamwe bishe I Kibeho na Cyahinda bishe Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Superefegitura ya Munini. Ubwicanyi bwo ku Munini bwakozwe na BINIGA wari Superefe wa Munini, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Mubuga Charles NYIRIDANDI, Abakonseye ba Segiteri Kibirizi Ndahayo Athanase, Ntidendereza wa Gisizi ndetse n’uwa Gasave, n’abandi. 7. Abatutsi biciwe muri Komini ya Rwamatamu, Nyamasheke Komini ya Rwamatamu, nimwe muri komine za Kibuye zari zituwe n’Abatutsi benshi. Kuva 07/04/1994 nibwo ibitero by’Interahamwe byatangiye gutera Abatutsi mungo zabo. Tariki 17/04/1994 haje igitero kuri Komini Rwamatamu kirica, gitsemba Abatutsi bari bahahungiye. Rwamatamu, hakozwe ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo birimo kwica abana, gufata abakobwa ku ngufu, nyuma bakabajomba ibisongo mu maguru. Ubwicanyi bwakozwe n’abasirikari n’interahamwe zari ziyobowe na Obed Ruzindana wahamijwe icyaha cya Jenoside n’urukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho Urwanda, ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). 8. Abatutsi biciwe mu Bweyeye, Rusizi Bweyeye ni agace gakikijwe n’ishyamba rya Nyungwe, kakaba kegereye Igihugu cy’Uburundi bigatandukanywa n’Umugezi wa Ruhwa. Muri Bweyeye ahaguye Abatutsi benshi ni muri ADEPR-Kiyabo hiciwe abagera kuri 28. Kuva tariki ya 08/04/1994 Abatutsi batangiye gutotezwa babwirwa ko bishe Umubyeyi w’igihugu, nibwo batangiye kuhahungira bakarara basenga, bakirirwa basenga. Kuwa 12/04/2019 ni njoro batewe n’interahamwe zije kubica barataka cyane umujandarume ahita arasa mu kirere interahamwe zisubira inyuma, ariko zisiga zimaze kwica Abatutsi 2: NYIRINKINDI Augustin na MUKAKARERA Petronile bafashe bakamujyana hepfo y’urusengero bakamusambanya ari benshi barangiza bakamutema ariko ntiyahise apfa ako kanya yajyanywe kwa muganga, nyuma aza kwicwa. Kuwa 17/04/1994 saa 09h za mu gitondo batewe n’igitero gifite imbaraga kirabica bose. Mbere y’uko bicwa hari habanje kuba inama itegura kwica Abatutsi baho, ikaba yarabereye mu kabari ka Responsible wa Kiyabo NTAWUTAZAMUTORA Philippe afatanya kuyiyobora na MAJYAMBERE Juvenal wari umusirikare akaba yaravukaga i Bweyeye yari yaje muri Conge y’igihe gito. Bucyeye bwaho haje igitero cy’interahamwe za Bweyeye zari ziyobowe n’AYOBAHORANA Jonas alias GISANGANI wari umucuruzi w’imyenda ya caguwa, akaba yari yaranatojwe igisirikare. Barabatemaguye barabamara kandi na ba bajandarume bari aho. 9. Abatutsi biciwe i Kayonza, Umurenge wa Nyamirama no ku cyuzi cya Ruramira na Kabazeyi muri Rwamagana Hagati y’Umurenge wa Nyamirama na Ruramira hari barrage yajugunywemo Abatutsi benshi babarirwa hagati ya 2500 na 3000. Bagiye babarohamo hagati y’amatariki ya ya 9 - 17/04 bakaba ari abari batuye Nyamirama, Ruramira n’abaturutse Nyarusange ya Rwamagana. Buri serire yabaga ihagarariwe kuri iyo barrage n’abicanyi bahaturuka, ab’i Rwamagana barohwaga n’interahamwe za Rwamagana baturanye muri serire, uvuye Nkamba/Ruramira akarohwa n’interahamwe z’iwabo, n’uturutse Gikaya ya Nyamirama akicwa n’interahamwe zo muri serire ye. Mu murenge wa Munyaga ahiciwe Abatutsi benshi ni Kabazeyi hari ishyamba rya Leta. Mu matariki 12-13/04/1994 bari batangiye kwicwa. Bahakusanirije Abatutsi barenga 50 barahabicira biyobowe na Diregiteri wa Ecole Primaire ya Rweru, Rusine Jean Bosco. Kuri Segiteri Kaduha ku wa 17/04/1994 naho hiciwe Abatutsi bari hagati 300-400. Aba bose bicishijwe cyane imiheto n’imyambi, imihoro, impiri ziteyemo imisumari,.. Ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi bwarakomeje hirya no hino mu gihugu, bukorwa kimwe, ni ukuvuga ko uwitwa Umututsi wese yishwe, abenshi bishwe bahunga. Kuri iyi tariki abenshi biciwe mu nyubako z’ubuyobozi, Komini, no mu nsengero kuko abantu bibeshyaga ko bashobora kuharokokera.
Dr Bizimana Jean Damascene Umunyamabanga Nshiingwabikorwa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside, CNLG |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/tariki-15-mata-1994-abatutsi-biciwe-kuri-cour-d-appel-ya | Tariki 15 Mata 1994: Abatutsi biciwe kuri Cour d’appel ya Ruhengeri, Musanze | Ku munsi nk’uyu w’itariki ya 15 Mata mu 1994, Leta y’abicanyi yari ikomeje umugambi wayo mubisha wo gutsemba Abatutsi hirya no hino mu gihugu. Iyi nyandiko iragaragaza hamwe mu hantu hashoboye kumenyekana hiciwe Abatutsi kuri iyi tariki mu 1994. 1. Abatutsi biciwe kuri Cour d’appel ya Ruhengeri, Musanze Inyubako y’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, yahoze yitwa Cour d’Appel yahungiyemo Abatutsi barenga 400 bari baturutse mu bice bitandukanye by’iyahoze ari perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, ariko abenshi muri bo bakaba bari baturutse mu yahoze ari Superefegitura ya Busengo (ubu ni mu Karere ka Gakenke) bakaba bari bahungiye muri Superefegitura baturutse hirya no hino mu ngo bumvise ko hari ubuhungiro. Uwari Superefe wa Busengo NZANANA Dismas abamuhungiragaho yaberekaga ko nta kibazo akababwira ko bahamuga ntacyo bari bube ariko anavugana n’uwari Perefe wa Ruhengeri ZIGIRANYIRAZO Protais agira ngo abamwoherereze bicirwe mu mujyi wa Ruhengeri. NZANANA yahise ababwira ko agiye kubaha imodoka zikabahungishiriza muri Zayire, bahise bazana amabisi (bus) zirabajyana babashyira mu nyubako y’icyahoze ari “Cour d’Appel”. Ku itariki ya 15/04/2019 nibwo interahamwe ziturutse hirya no hino harimo n’umutwe witwaga “Amahindure” wari umaze kwica Abatutsi mu cyahoze ari Komine Mukingo waje gufasha izo interahamwe bica Abatutsi bose bari muri iyo nyubako. Ababashije kuvamo baje kwicirwa kuri Mukungwa bavanywe ku bitaro bya Ruhengeri. Babanje guteramo amagerenade nyuma bagasubiramo guhorahoza abasigaye badapfuye ari nako bafataga impinja bakazikubita ku nkuta. 2. Abatutsi biciwe I Nyange muri Komini Kivumu Amateka y’i Nyange haba ku kiriziya ndetse no mu nkengero zaho, ni mu cyari Komini Kivumu, muri Superefegitura Birambo yari igizwe n’amakomini atatu: Bwakira, Kivumu na Mwendo, Perefegitura Kibuye. Amateka agaragaza inzira ndende Abatutsi banyuzemo bahungira muri Kiriziya ya Nyange, bizeye umutekano ariko ku cyemezo cya Padiri SEROMBA Athanase wari padiri mukuru, hakoreshejwe imashini ikora imihanda “Caterpillar” Kiriziya yarasenywe abari bayihungiyemo bose baricwa. Nyuma y’urupfu rwa Perezida w’u Rwanda Habyarimana Juvenal ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, hatangiye kugabwa ibitero ku Batutsi muri Komini ya Kivumu bihitana abasiviri barimo Grégoire Ndakubana, Martin Karekezi na Thomas Mwendezi. Kubera ibyo bitero, Abatutsi bo mu masegiteri anyuranye ya Komini ya Kivumu bavuye mu ngo zabo bahungira mu mazu y’ubutegetsi no muri za kiriziya zirimo n’iya Nyange. Burugumesitiri wa komini Kivumu n’abaporisi bayo bakusanyije impunzi zivuye mu masegiteri ayigize babajyana kuri Paruwasi ya Nyange, bagezeyo Padiri Athanase Seromba yababajije amakuru yerekeranye n’impunzi zitari zahagera, maze yandika amazina y’impunzi zaburaga, lisiti yazo ayishyikiriza Burugumesitiri Grégoire Ndahimana kugira ngo zishakishwe zizanwe kuri Paruwasi, zimaze kuba nyinshi hategurwa umugambi wo kubicira mu kiriziya. Bimwe mu bitero byakozwe n’abantu batandukanye ariko abazwi cyane ni umucuruzi witwa Gaspard Kanyarukiga, umwarimu witwa Télesphore Ndungutse, Anastase Nkinamubanzi wakoreraga isosiyete yitwa Astaldi yari ishinzwe kubaka umuhanda uhuza Rubengera na Gisenyi, ni nawe watwaye tingatinga yasenye kiriziya y’i Nyange, Padiri Athanase Seromba yumvikanye na Grégoire Ndahimana wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini ya Kivumu, Fulgence Kayishema wari umugenzacyaha muri Komini ya Kivumu, Télesphore Ndungutse, Gaspard Kanyarukiga n’abandi bantu batandukanye, ngo bice Abatutsi. 3. Abatutsi barishwe mu rusengero rwa E.E.R Ruhanga Ku musozi wa Ruhanga mu 1994 hari hatuye Abatutsi benshi ndetse no ku yindi misozi yahanaga imbibi naho yo mu cyahoze ari Komine Gikoro. Jenoside itangiye bamwe mu Batutsi baho bafashe imiheto n’amacumu byabo bahungira ku musozi wa Ruhanga. Interahamwe zitangiye kubarwanya bafata abana, abagore, abasaza n’abakecuru babajyana mu rusengero rwa E.E.R, bo bahangana n’interahamwe bakoresha intwaro zabo za Gakondo bari bahungaye ndetse n’amabuye. Interahamwe zimaze kubona ko bikomeye zahururuje Jendarmerie i Rwamagana bazana indege ya kajugujugu irabarasa abasigaye interahamwe zirabatemagura. Bamaze kubica bahise bajya kwica abari mu rusengero babatwikisha essence harokokamo bake cyane. Uru rusengero rwaguyemo n’uwari Pasteur warwo w’umuhutu wari wiyemeje kurengera Abatutsi bahahungiye nk’umushumba w’itorero apfana n’umuryango we wose kandi atari Umututsi. Uru rusengero rukaba rwabaye Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rutanzwe na E.E.R. 4. Iyicwa ry’abatutsi kuri Kiriziya ya Ntarama Jenoside igitangira abatutsi bo mu gace ka Ntarama bagerageje kwirwanaho. Babonye basumbirijwe kubera ko interahamwe zafashwaga n’abasirikare batangiye guhungira kuri kiliziya ya Centrale ya Ntarama. Kubera ko ubwicanyi bwari bwakomeje umurego hirya no hino mu Bugesera, hari abandi batutsi baturutse Kanzenze, Kayumba na Nyamata nabo bari bahungiye Ntarama. Tariki ya 15/4/ 1994, haje bus zirimo abasirikare n’interahamwe ziturutse ahandi hamwe n’abicanyi ba Ntarama bica impunzi zari ku kiliziya zigera ku 3000. Babicishe imbunda na grenades ndetse n’intwaro gakondo. Tariki ya 15/04/1994 ku mashuri ya Cyugaro hiciwe Abatutsi benshi, barimo abari bahahungiye bahaturiye, bavanze n’abari bamaze kuva mu mirambo ku kiriziya ya Ntarama nabo bagahita basanga abataricwa ku mashuri. Abarokotse ubwicanyi bwabereye kuri ayo mashuri bahungiye mu rufunzo rwiswe CND mu gihe cya Jenoside, bakajya bazamuka mu gicuku gushakisha ibyo kurya bagira icyo babona bagatekera aho ku mashuri, nyuma bagasubira mu rufunzo butaracya. 5. Abatutsi biciwe kuri paruwasi Cyahinda, Nyaruguru Hagati y’itariki ya 14-15/04/1994, Interahamwe zishe Abatutsi bose bari bahungiye ku Kiliziya ya Cyahinda babarirwa mu bihumbi 32. Abiciwe muri iyi paruwase babaga baturutse muri Komini Nyakizu n’izo byari byegeranye nka Komini Mubuga, Kivu na Nshili. Ababigizemo uruhare ni Ntaganda Ladislas wari Burugumestiri wa Komini Nyakizu, Superefe Assiel Simbalikure wayoboraga superefegitura ya Busoro, Festus Nyamukaza wakoranye bya hafi na Ntaganzwa, le Pasteur Francois Bazaramba de l’Union des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda (UEBR Nyantanga), Celestin Batakanwa, Geofrey Dusabe, Celestin Rucyahana (un ancient militaire) n’abandi. Kugira ngo Abatutsi bakusanyirizwe I Cyahinda, burugumesitiri Ntaganzwa n’izindi nterahamwe babanje gufunga amayira abuza guhungira I Burundi bakajya bashishikariza abatutsi kujya I Cyahinda bababeshya ko ari ukubarindira umutekano. Bamaze kubakusanya, Ntaganzwa yasabye abajandarume baturuka I Butare boherejwe na Major Cyriaque Habyarabatuma barimbura Abatutsi bari kuri paruwasi ya Cyahinda. Ikindi cyaranze Jenoside I Cyahinda ni ukurokoka kwa Padiri Charles Nshogoza wari padiri mukuru wa Cyahinda washoboye kwihisha ubwicanyi bwabereye kuri paruwasi, ahungira ku mukozi wakoreraga paruwasi witwaga Alexis. Burugumesitiri Ntaganzwa yaramuhize afatanyije na sergent jandarume witwaga Corneille Ndindayino kugeza bamuvumbuye, bamuzana kuri paruwasi Cyahinda bamushinyagurira, hanyuma baramwica. Hari mu kwezi kwa gicurasi 1994. 6. Abatutsi biciwe mu Kiryamocyinzovu, Kamonyi Mu Kiryamocyinzovu ni imbere y’ahahoze ibiro bya Komine Taba yari iyobowe na burugumesitiri Jean Paul AKAYESU. Ubwicanyi muri komine Taba bwatangiye gukomera kuva tariki ya 8/04/1994. Hashyizweho bariyeri ahantu hatandukaye hari bariyeri ahitwa Rwabashyashya, I Buguri, I Gishyeshye no hafi y’ibitaro bya Remera Rukoma. Kuva ku itariki ya 13/04 byarakomeye, abatutsi batangira guhungira kuri komine Taba ari benshi. KUBWIMANA Silas wari umuyobozi wa MRND muri Komine Taba yaje gukoresha inama mu Kiryamocyinzovu, avuga ko umwanzi ari umututsi ko bagomba kumutanga kuko yacukuye ibyobo byo kuzashyiramo abahutu. Nibwo buhoro buhoro batangiye kujyenda bajyana abatutsi aho mu Kiryamocyinzovu bari barise CND kuva tariki 8 kugeza kuri 15/04 nibwo bishwe cyane. Ubwo bwicanyi uwabugizemo uruhare cyane ni KUBWIMANA niwe watangaga itegeko ati: uriya mumwice, uriya mumureke nzamwiyicira. Abicanyi bahoraga aho kuri komine bategereje Kubwimana kugira ngo ababwire gahunda. Tariki ya 14 mata 1994, abatutsi baje ari benshi kuri komine Taba, basanga interahamwe zibategereje, kandi hatanzwe amabwiriza ko uza bahita bamujyana mu Kiryamocyinzovu akicwa. Habaga hari abashinzwe kubica, abandi bafite akazi ko kubarimiraho ibisinde, hari n’umuringoti muremure bagatondekamo imirambo. Intwaro zakoreshejwe mu kubica ni impiri, udufuni n’imbunda. 7. Abatutsi barishwe mu Gasetsa, ahahoze ari Komini Kigarama, Kibungo Mu Murenge wa Remera hishwe Abatutsi basaga ibihumbi birindwi, iyicwa ryabo ryatangiye kuva tariki ya 8 Mata 1994 rurangiza iba ku matariki ya 14-15 Mata 1994. Amateka y’itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri uyu Murenge wa Remera by’umwihariko muri Centre ya Gasetsa ashingiye ku bikorwa by’abari abategetsi bakomeye bahakomoka ari nabo bari ku isonga mu itegurwa no mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside. Abo ni: Col RWAGAFIRITA Pierre Célèstin, Col RENZAHO Tharcisse, MUGIRANEZA Prosper, KABAGEMA Ferdinand, MUGIRANEZA Emmanuel, MULINDA na MURWANASHYAKA wari mu nterahamwe zayoboraga ibitero, bakica cyangwa bakicisha Abatutsi bakoresheje intwaro zinyuranye (impiri, inyundo, inkota, imipanga, amacumu, imiheto, imbunda, grenades,…). 8. Abatutsi barishwe I Gihara muri Kamonyi Paruwasi ya Gihara, iherereye mu murenge wa Runda, akarere ka Kamonyi. Jenoside imaze gukomera abatutsi batangiye guhunga berekeza kuri Paruwasi ya Gihara. Bahageze 10/04/1994 padiri w’umwesipanyole witwa SINAWOLA Leonard arabakira ndetse akora ibyo ashoboye ngo abagaburire ariko abakozi be ntibabyishimire kugeza ubwo yabahaga amafaranga ngo bahahire impunzi ntibabikore. Hari umutwe w’abicanyi wari wariyise abajepe wari muri Runda, wari uyobowe n’uwitwa NYECUMI, KANANI na Eugene batangiye gutera kuri paruwasi icyo gihe bazaga mu modoka ya KAMANA Claver ariko ikaza itwawe na murumuna we KAYITANI. Icyo bakoraga ni ugutema abagabo n’abasore ntibabice ngo bahwane ahubwo iyo bamaraga kubazambya babapakiraga imodoka, bakajya kubajugunya mu kizenga cya Cyoganyoni giherereye mu gishanga cya Bishenyi. Iyo batajyanwaga Cyoganyoni babajyanaga muri Nyabarongo ari nayo yaroshwemo benshi. Hagati muri ubwo bicanyi padiri yasubiye iwabo, ubwicanyi burakomeza, abagabo bamaze gushira kuri paruwasi, bakurikijeho abagore nabo bapakirwa ya modoka bajyanwa muri Nyabarongo ari bazima, iyo bagezwaga kuri Nyabarongo, bamwe bahitaga bajugunywamo ari bazima, abandi mbere yo kujugunywamo bakabanza kubashyira mu kazu kari kubatse kuri Nyabarongo, ahazwi ku kiraro cyo kuri Ruriba, bagafatwa ku ngufu byarangira nabo bakajugunywa muri Nyabarongo. Tariki ya 15/04/1994 niyo yabaye iya nyuma ku batutsi bari bahungiye kuri iyo paruwasi n’abandi benshi muri Runda bishwe kuri iyo tariki. 9. Abatutsi barishwe I Nyabikenke, Muhanga Kuri komine Nyabikenke jenoside igitangira kuva mu matariki 10 mata 1994, abatutsi bahungiye kuri komine Nyabikenke. Abicanyi batangiye kubatera kuva tariki 14 ariko tariki 15 nibwo baje kwicwa bamwe bicirwa aho ngaho abandi bashoboye gucika bicirwa mu mayira berekeza I Kabgayi. Haje kubakwa urwibutso rwa Kiyumba rushyinguyemo imibiri 717 y’abaguye aho no hafi yaho; abenshi barabashoreraga bakabajyana muri Nyabarongo ahitwa Budende.Abagize uruhare runini mu iyicwa ry’abatutsi muri komine Nyabikenke ni Minisitiri w’urubyiruko NZABONIMANA Callixte, Burugumesitiri wa komine Nyabikenke KARUGANDA Anatole, NGARAMBE Vincent, KAMARI Isaac wakoraga muri Minitrape n’abandi. 10. Abatutsi barishwe mu murenge wa Muyongwe, hahoze Komini Tare, Gakenke Abatutsi baho abenshi bishwe urw’agashinyaguro n’interahamwe. Abatutsi bishwe n’ibitero byabaga biturutse ku Rushashi ahitwa mu Kinyari, nyuma y’imyitozo zahabwaga kuri superefegitura ya Kigali ngari. Mu ihunga ry’Abatutsi abenshi bishwe urw’agashinyaguro. Inama zitegura kwica zayobowe n’abayobozi bayoboraga superefegitura ya Rushashi n’ab’amakomini yari ayigize, na za segiteri Shyombwe na Joma. I shyombwe ndetse no mu gace k’ubucuruzi ka Kinyari hiswe CND. 11. Abatutsi biciwe kuri Komini Muhazi, Gishari Rwamagana Ku matariki ya 12-14/04/1994 Abatutsi bagiye bahungira muri Komini Muhazi. Ku wa 15-16/04/1994 barishwe babonye bikomeye bagoswe n’interahamwe, uwari warabaye mu gisikare cyo kwa Habyarimana witwaga KANAMUGIRE wari Umututsi yamennye inzu yo kuri komini akuramo imbunda imwe ayiha Come NDAYAMBAJE, indi ayiha GATETE Anaclet barasa mu nterahamwe zikwira imishwaro. Bamwe mu bari bari muri Komini babona uko bavamo bagana ku kiyaga cya Muhazi bahasanga ajida MUTABARUKA na KANANURA wari umusilikare bararwana bagana mu kiyaga ngo bafate amato ariko basanga amato bayacubije andi bayamennye kuko bashakaga kwambuka ngo basange inkotanyi zari zageze hakurya i Murambi. Amasasu arabashirana ariko baza kubona ubwato buto cyane babasha kugira abo bambutsa kugera i Murambi kuko Inkotanyi zari zahageze. Intehamwe zarabakurikiye kuva kuri Komini kugera ku mwaro wa Kavumu ahari Abatutsi benshi bari bahahungiye bizeye kwambuka, bakajya hakurya y’uruzi rwa Muhazi banahasanga abari baturutse muri Komini Muhazi nabo bagana mu kiyaga babarohamo. Abenshi bicirwa aho abandi babashije kujya mu bwato interahamwe zigenda zoga zinabatemera muri bwa bwato bari bahungiyemo. Aba bose ari abari bavuye kuri Komini, no mu nkengero ni nabo biciwe aho ku mwaro wa Kavumu ka Gishali ku wa 16/04/1994. 12. Abatutsi biciwe mu Murenge wa Kigali, muri Centre ya Kitabi, Nyarugenge Mu murenge wa Kigali ahitwa muri Centre ya Kitabi hejuru ya Nyamirambo, iruhande rwa Mont Kigali munsi y’ikigo cya Gisirikare, hari bariyeri yayoborwaga n’interahamwe yitwa RUBAYIZA HASSANI na KIBUYE KARUNGU. Uyu Rubayiza niwe wari chef w’iyi bariyeri aho abatutsi bahungaga baturuka Mwendo muri Kigali, Kabusunzu na za Nyamirambo hejuru n’abari batuye aho babarundaga mw’ihema bari barahubatse kugira ngo be kunyagirwa akazana interahamwe zo kumufasha kubatemagura no kubarunda mu byobo byari byaracukuwemo amabuye y’agaciro. Kuri iyi bariyeri ngo hiciwe abatutsi benshi ku buryo abageragezaga kurwana nabo Rubayiza yahitaga ahuruza abasirikare kugira ngo babahe ubufasha. Ibi byatumye abahageze bose ntawarokotse. Aba bantu bahiciwe kuva tariki ya 15 kugeza ku ya 17/04/1994. Uyu RUBAYIZA Inkiko Gacaca zamuhamije icyaha cya Jenoside akatirwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko ubu afungiye muri gereza ya Mageragere. 13. Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi gatolika ya Nyarubuye Kuva tariki ya 10 Mata 1994, Paruwasi ya Nyarubuye yakiriye impunzi nyinshi cyane z’Abatutsi zivuye muri Komini Rukira, Rusumo, Mugesera na Birenga ; izo mpunzi zari zigizwe n’abarokotse ubwicanyi bwayogoje tariki 12 na 13 Mata 1994 umujyi wa Kibungo na Paruwasi gatolika ya Zaza.Ubwobwicanyi bwabaye nyuma y’inama yabereye mu kigo cya gisirikare cye Huye triki ya 12 Mata 1994. Yari iyobowe na ba colonel Pierre Celestin Rwagafirita na Anselme Nkuliyekubona, kandi hari na ba burugumesitiri ba Birenga, Melchiade Tahimana, Rusumo, Sylvestre Gacumbitsi, Kigarama, Mugiraneza Emmanuel, Mugesera, Gakware Léopold, Sake, Sylvain Mutabaruka n’abandi, bfatiramo icyemezo cyo gukaza Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Tariki ya 14 Mata 1994, hongeye kuba indi nama mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Huye, ihuriramo na none abari bahahuriye tariki ya 12 Mata, yagombaga kurebera hamwe aho ubwicanyi bugeze no kwigirwamo uko Jenoside yakazwa cyane cyane aho yari itararangira nka Nyarubuye. Kuva mu gitondo cyo kw’itariki ya 14 Mata 1994, Interahamwe zagabye ibitero kuri Nyarubuye ariko bagenda baneshwa n’Abatutsi bari barahungiye. Interahamwe zagiye gutabaza ku kigo cya jandarumori cya Nasho. Abasirikare, abajandarume n’Interahamwe baje guteranira kuri sentere y’ubucuruzi y’i Nyarutunga, bayobowe na Burugumesitiri Sylvestre Gacumbitsi n’abandi bayobozi ba Hutu power, bategura igitero cyagombaga kugabwa kuri Nyarubuye. Tariki ya 15 Mata 1994, nyuma ya saa sita, igitero cya Nyarubuye cyaratangiye, Burugumesitiri Gacumbitsi akigiramo uruhare yiyicira ubwe akoresheje umuhoro umusaza witwa Murefu wari wubashywe cyane. Mu bayobozi b’Abahutu ba Nyarubuye bagize uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi harimo Evariste Rubanguka, umucamanza mu rukiko rwa kanto rwa Rusumo, Karamage Isaïe, Konseye muri Segiteri Nyarubuye, Rugayumukama Daniel, umuyobozi w’Interahamwe, Edmond Bugingo, umwarimu, Ntezimana Léonidas, Hakizamungu Antoine, Gisagara François, Ryamugwiza Déogratias, Ngendahimana Jean alias Misumari, n’abandi. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Prof Paul Rutayisire na Privat Rutazibwa muri 2007 yagaragaje amazina y’abicanyi 742 bagize uruhare muri Jenoside i Nyarubuye. 14. Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi gatolika ya Muganza, Nyaruguru Abatutsi b’iyahoze ari Komini Kivu, ahari Paruwasi ya Muganza, batangiye guhuhgira kuri iyi paruwasi kuva tariki ya 7 Mata 1994, bahunga ubwicanyi bwari bubugarije. Inzu z’Abatutsi zari zatangiye gutwikwa biyobowe na Burugumesitiri Muhitira na padiri Yozefu Sagahutu. Superefe Biniga yari yariyiziye mu gihe Jenoside yatangiraga, akorana inama na Muhitira na padiri Sagahutu bafata icyemezo cyo guhiga no kwica Abatutsi. Tariki ya 11 Mata 1994, kuri paruwasi mu gitondo habaruwe impunzi z’Abatutsi 8,600, kandi umubare wazo wakomezaga kwiyongera ku buryo ku mugoroba uwo munsi bari bageze kuri 11,000. Uwo munsi nibwo bagabweho igitero cya mbere, ariko birwanaho bagisubiza inyuma. Tariki ya 12 Mata 1994, habaye ikindi gitero gikomeye kiyobowe na Burugumesitiri Muhitira na Superefe Biniga, ariko nacyo cyasubijwe inyuma, bitewe n’uko hari ikindi gitero cyari cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Kibeho byari byegeranye kandi naho Abatutsi barimo kwirwanaho. Byatumye Muhitira na Muhitira bafata icyemezo cyo gushyira ingufu zose mu gutera Kibeho, bakazagaruka Muganza ari uko barangije kwica i Kibeho. Tariki ya 15 Mata !994, Abatutsi bari i Kibeho bamaze gutsembwa, abicanyi bafatanyije n’abasirikare bagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi Muganza bica Abatutsi bose bari barahahungiye. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yarateguwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa na Leta. Kubona guhera tariki ya 7 mata 1994 mu gitondo, abatutsi bicwa icyarimwe ahantu hantandukanye mu gihugu hose byerekana ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko ari umugambi wari warateguwe na Leta.
Dr Bizimana Jean Damascene Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/abazi-amateka-y-u-rwanda-bemeza-ko-ingengabitekerezo-y | Abazi amateka y’u Rwanda bemeza ko ingengabitekerezo y’urwango yigishijwe kuva ku bw’abakoloni | Abazi amateka y’u Rwanda bemeza ko ingengabitekerezo y’urwango yigishijwe kuva ku bw’abakoloni ari yo yatumye jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 ishoboka ikanagira ubukana bukabije.Bagaragaza ko jenoside yaje ari indunduro y’umugambi w’igihe kirekire wo kurimbura abatutsi. Gufatanya,gusangira n’indi migenzo myiza myinshi ni bimwe mu byarangaga abanyarwanda kuva cyera. Umusaza Isidore Kayumba w’imyaka 85 y’amavuko ko imibanire y’Abanyarwanda mbere y’abakoloni yari nta makemwa.Ibni kandi abihuriraho n’Umubyeyi Clotilde umutoza w’umuco n’amateka. Kayumba yagize ati "Babanaga neza. Ubuvandimwe bwari muri byinshi. Hari ugushyingirana,gutabarana ibyo byose byagaragazaga imibanire myiza kandi rero n’abayobozi babo barabibatozaga no guhana inka no guhana abageni byose byatumaga basabana bakabana." Na ho Umubyeyi Clotilde ati "Ntabwo bahirikanaga ngo ubone ko bapfa ibintu. Cyane abantu bakunze gupfa imitungo,ariko bo bari bakwiranye kandi bafashanya udafite ikintu akagishaka ku wundi. Icya kabiri cyatumaga binashoboka ni ubuyobozi bwiza. Icya gatatu rero ni ubuyobozi bwiza." Aho abakoloni bagereye mu Rwanda ariko ibintu byarahindutse gutoza abantu imigenzo myiza bisimburwa no kubigisha urwango. Kayumba ati "Imibanire yatangiye kuzamo agatotsi mu gihe cy’ubukoloni. Ubukoloni buriya bwateye imizi myinshi yatumye abantu badakomeza imibanire yabo. Bajyanye Musinga birahera,bica Rudahigwa birahera,birukana Kigeli birahera. Haje n’amashyaka ya politiki hagira atinyuka gutukana. Nka za APROSOMA za ba Gitera zitangira gutuka umwami ugasanga abazungu ntacyo babikozeho kandi ugasanga ari bo babyenyegeza." Kuva mu 1959 abatutsi batangiye kwibasirwa, baricwa abandi bameneshwa mu gihugu cyabo kandi abategetsi b’abakoloni ntibagire icyo babikoraho.Umusaza Kayumba akemeza ko iyo yabaye intangiriro y’umugambi wa jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Ati "Noneho batangiza intambara muri 1959, abantu baragendaga bagatinya kwica ariko abandi bakabibatinyura bajyaga no kubayobora aho batera. Havuye umuzi wa jenoside wo gutinyuka kwica. Ubusanzwe umuntu yapfa arwaye cyangwa agize impanuka ariko kwica umuntu ntago byari bimenyerewe ariko byaje gutinyukwa." Ibyatangijwe n’abakoloni ngo byarakomeje na nyuma y’aho u Rwanda ruboneye ubwigenge kuri za Repubulika yambere n’iya kabiri. Dr Vincent Ntaganira nk’umushakashatsi kuri jenoside abisobanura. Ati "Iyo ufashe imyaka ukayitera ukayuhira ukayifumbira irakura.Kayibanda rero yaraje arayuhira. Afata ibya PARMEHUTU abishyira mu nyandiko,mu mvugo mbese igihugu ngo cyari icya gahutu,gatutsi yari impunzi mu gihugu cye,gatwa we ntabwo avugwa. Habyarimana rero araza ahirika ubutegetsi ku ya 5/7/1973, we aza avuga ko azanye ubumwe, amahoro n’amajyambere azaniye Abanyarwanda ku buryo n’Abanyrwanda bamwe bari barahunze bagarutse mu Rwanda bizeye amahoro ariko Habyarimana aba mubi kurusha Kayibanda. Bya bindi byo kwa Kayibanda yarabinogeje abishyira mu mibare,abatutsi bazaba bangahe mu ishuri,mu kazi,ibintu biba bityo biragenda biba bibi." Nubwo jenoside yahitanye abasaga miliyoni ikanasiga igihugu gihindutse umuyonga Abanyarwanda banze guheranwa n’amateka. Nyuma y’urugamba rwo guhagarika jenoside hashyizwe ingufu mu kunga Abanyarwanda biba umusingi wo kubaka u Rwanda rushya.
MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/tariki-14-mata-1994-abatutsi-barenga-ibihumbi-25-biciwe-i | Tariki 14 Mata 1994: Abatutsi barenga ibihumbi 25 biciwe i Kibeho | Tariki ya 14 Mata mu 1994, Leta y’abicanyi yari ikomeje umugambi wayo mubisha wo gutsemba Abatutsi hirya no hino mu gihugu. Iyi nyandiko iragaragaza hamwe mu hantu hashoboye kumenyekana hiciwe Abatutsi kuri iyi tariki mu 1994. Iyicwa ry’abatutsi ku Muhima/Nyarugenge Tariki ya 14/04/1994 mu gitondo abantu b’igice kimwe cya Muhima munsi y’ahahoze gereza ya Nyarugenge bitaga 1930, ahitwa mu Mudugudu w’Umwezi mu cyahoze ari Selire Ruhurura, hari interahamwe n’abasirikare bakusanyaga abatutsi muri icyo gice bakabamanura babajyana ahiswe kuri Escariye bakazibamanuraho babatemagura babahonda imitwe mu muhanda wa kaburimbo uri munsi y’aho hantu, abandi bakabarasa. Aho hantu hiciwe abatutsi benshi, kuri uwo muhanda bari bahashyize na bariyeri itega abanyura muri kaburimbo, basanga ari Abatutsi nabo bakahicirwa, imirambo bakayirunda mu muhanda. Kugeza ubu ikibabaza abafitanye isano n’abiciwe aha hantu ni uko iyo mirambo batazi aho yajyanywe ngo bayishyingure mu cyubahiro. Zimwe mu nterahamwe zagize uruhare mu kwica aba bantu zabashije kumenyekana: NDEMEYE Nicodem wari Chef wazo, GASHAYIJA Etienne, uwitwaga Charles, RURANGIRWA J. Paul wakatiwe burundu akaba afungiye muri gereza ya Mageragere. Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi bari bahungiye muri Deutsche Welle Kinyinya, Gasabo/Kigali Tariki ya 14/04/1994 mu Murenge wa Kinyinya Abatutsi bagera kuri 200 bari bahungiye mu kigo cy’Abadage (Deutsche Welle) cyakoreraga i Kinyinya kubera ko bari bahizeye amakiriro. Abasirikare bari mu kigo cya Kami babatumaho ko bamenye ko bahishe Abatutsi, ko babasaba kubasohora mu kigo cyabo. Abadage batinye kubasohora bafata ibyabo baragenda, bahasigira umukozi witwa UWIMFURA Callixtte. Uwo mukozi abonye ko bamaze kurira indege yahise ahuruza izindi nterahamwe zari i Kinyinya ziza kumufasha kwica Abatutsi bari buzuye muri icyo kigo. Barabishe harokokamo abatutsi 3 gusa. Kuri uyu musozi wa Kinyinya hari interahamwe 2 za kabuhariwe mbere y’uko Jenoside nyir’izina itangira tariki 7 mata 1994 arizo: UWIMFURA Callixte na Adjudant Chef ZIRIMWABAGABO wari umutoza w’interahamwe. ZIRIMWABAGABO yajyaga ku kabari akagura inzoga akabanza akayisomyaho imbwa ye, yarangiza agaha Umututsi. Iyo Umututsi yabyangaga baramukubitaga bakamumena imbavu agahinduka ikimuga. Abatutsi bashoboye kumenyekana biciwe muri Deutsche Welle bagera kuri 441. Iyicwa ry’abatutsi kuri ADEPR Maheresho, Nyamagabe Guhera tariki ya 9 mata 1994, Abatutsi bo muri Komini Rukondo, batangiye guhungira kuri za Kiliziya n’insengero harimo Cyanika, Kirambi na Maheresho. Ubwicanyi bwatangiriye I Maheresho ku rusengero rwa ADEPR I Maheresho tariki 13 busozwa tariki 14/041994 barangije Abatutsi bari bahahungiye, babanza kwica Pasitoro Evariste Rwabihinda wari wakiriye izo mpunzi, bikaba byaranagizwemo uruhare na mugenzi we witwaga Pasitoro Hakizimana Emmanuel. Abo Batutsi bishwe n’interahamwe n’abajandarume bari bayobowe na Liyetona Senyoni na sous lieutenant Nyabyenda, bahamagajwe na burugumesitiri HATEGEKIMANA Didasi. Uwo munsi, mu rugo rw’ababyeyi b’uwari Minisitiri w’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, Nzamurambaho Frederic wari mu bayobozi b’Ishyaka rya PSD, hiciwe Abatutsi bari bahahungiye bahizeye imbaraga kubera ko bumvaga ntawuzabasangayo. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi I Maheresho bwayobowe na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Hategekimana Didace, Munyambuga Jean Baptiste wari perezida wa MDR muri Komini Rukondo, umuhungu we Twagiramungu Jean wari ukuriye interahamwe, Kagimbura Martin wari umwarimu akaba na visi perezida wa MDR, mubyara we witwaga Rushugunda, Munyandinda Joel wari umugenzuzi w’amashuri, Rufangura, Bikorimana Gaspard wari umwarimu, Hakizayezu Jean, Gashugi Damien, Hitimana Venuste, Bukeye Alphonse, Ntahompagaze Marcel, Nteziryayo Antoine, Bareruye, Safari Gabriel, Mageza Onesphore, Nyagatare Cyprien wari umwarimu, n’abandi. Iyicwa ry’abatutsi bari bahungiye k’uruganda rw’icyayi rwa Mata, Nyamagabe Tariki ya 14/4/1994, Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Mata n’abandi bari bahaturiye batangiye kwicwa. Abamenyekanye banashyinguye ku rwibutso rw’urwo ruganda ni abantu bagera kuri 380. Ababigizemo uruhare ni superefe wa Munini Biniga Damien, Ndabarinze Juvenal wari umuyobozi w’uruganda rwa Mata, Mugirangabo Silas wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Rwamiko, Hakizimana Ildephonse wari perezida wa MDR Power muri Komini Rwamiko, Surwumwe Sylvestre wari perezida wa MRND, Muriro wari Perezida wa CDR, Museruka wari OPJ wa Komini Rwamiko n’izindi nterahamwe. Iyicwa ry’abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Secteur Gati, Rwamagana Tariki 14/04/1994, Abatutsi biciwe muri Murenge wa Gati mu Karere ka Rwamagana. Ubwicanyi bwari buyobowe na RUTAGENGWA Jean Marie Vianney wari umukuru wa MRND. Niwe wakanguriye kwica muri Gati. Interahamwe yari ayoboye zamusabye gusatura Umutsikazi Consesa MUKANDORI ngo barebe uko ubwonko bw’Abatutsi bumeze arabyemera bahita bamuca umutwe barawusatura ndetse n’umugabo we witwaga RWABUKAME bahita bamutsinda aho. Bari bafatanije ubwicanyi na Yosuwa BIGABIRO, KAGUBARI, NIBIVUGIRE n’uwahoze ari Diregiteri w’amashuri ya Gati. Iyicwa ry’abatutsi mu Birambo, Karongi Kuwa 14/04/1994, Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu kigo cy’ishuri cy’ababikira mu Birambo bagabweho ibitero byari bigizwe n’interahamwe, abasirikare, abajandarume bari bayobowe na Burugumetiri wa Komini Bwakira KABASHA Tharcisse. Bicishijwe imbunda, imipanga, amacumu, gerenade n’ibindi. Hiciwe Abatutsi barenga 5,000. Ikindi ni uko abicanyi batwitse imirambo myinshi bakoresheje essence ndetse baje kuzana n’imashini zo gucukura ibyobo byo kujugunyamo imirambo hafi y’ikigo cy’ishuri. Nyuma y‘uko imirambo ibaye myinshi cyane bacukuye ikindi cyobo hafi y’ishuri ry’URUMURI, imodoka z’abacuruzi nizo zatwaraga imirambo zijya kuyijugunya muri ibyo byobo. Iyicwa ry’abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatulika ya Kibeho, Nyaruguru Tariki ya 14/04/1994, kuri kiriziya ya Kibeho, Interahamwe zifatanyije n’abategetsi zarimbuye Abatutsi barenga 25.000 bari bahungiye ku Kiliziya no mu mazu ya paruwasi gaturika ya Kibeho. Abatutsi babanje kwirwanaho bifashishije ibikoresho bari bafite. Abatutsi bashoboye guhangana n’igitero cyo ku wa 12/4/1994 barakinesha. Interahamwe za Kibeho zagiye gushaka abandi bicanyi bazifasha zibigeraho ku bufatanye n’abategetsi bakuru bo muri superefegitura ya Munini bazanye abajandarume n’interahamwe zivuye I Mata, Ruramba, Mudasomwa n’ahandi bakoresheje amasasu na za grenades. Igitero cyatangiye saa saba z’amanywa kugeza nimugoroba. Padiri Pierre Ngoga yasabye abatutsi bake cyane bari barokotse ubwo bwicanyi kureba uko bahungira I Burundi, nawe afata abo yari ashoboye mu modoka ye abajyana I Butare, aza kwicirwayo n’abasilikare atanzwe na mugenzi we w’Umuhutu Padiri Anaclet Sebahinde nawe uvuka I Kibeho. Mu bicanyi ruharwa bayogoje Kibeho harimo: Superefe Damiyani Biniga, burugumesitiri wa Mubuga Charles Nyiridandi, uwa Rwamiko Silas Mugerangabo, Juvenal Ndabarinze wari Umuyobozi mukuru w’uruganda rw’icyayi rwa Mata, agronome Bakundukize Innocent, Padiri Emmanuel Uwayezu wayoboraga urwunge rw’amashuri Marie Merci rwa Kibeho, umuporisi witwaga Athanase Saba. Iyicwa ry’abatutsi bo mu murenge wa Munyiginya/Rwamagana Mu murenge wa Munyiginya ahitwa kuri SAYI ni ahantu hari ihuriro ry’insinga z’amashanyarazi agaburira Akarere ka Rwamagana. Mu 1994, habaga uburinzi bukomeye bukorwa n’abajandarume. Jenoside itangiye Abatutsi bari batuye aho I Munyiginya bahungiye kuri icyo kigega cy’amashanyarazi bahizeye umutekano kuko bari bazi ko abaharinda nabo babarindira umutekano. Mu matariki ya 10- 12/04/1994 hari hamaze guhungira Abatutsi benshi barimo abana, abagore n’abagabo hiciwe abari hejuru ya 100. Mu joro ryo ku wa 14/04/1994 Abatutsi bari bahahungiye bishwe n’interahamwe n’abasirikare bari bahari barabafasha. Iyicwa ry’abatutsi bo mu murenge wa Kibungo, Ngoma |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/tariki-ya-14-mata-1994-ingabo-za-loni-zatereranye-abatutsi | Tariki ya 14 Mata 1994: Ingabo za Loni zatereranye Abatutsi bari bahungiye muri ETO Kicukiro zisubirira iwabo | Nyuma y’icyumweru Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi itangiye, mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu benshi bari bamaze kwicwa. Ku rundi ruhande ingabo za Loni aho kurinda umutekano zihitamo gufata indege zirataha. Ingabo zirenga 450 z’Ababiligi zari mu Rwanda mu butumwa bw’amahoro ni bwo zuriye indege zisubira mu gihugu cyabo. Interahamwe n’abasirikare ba Leta biciye Abatutsi basaga 10,000 muri Kiliziya ya Nyamata, mu kibuga cya kiliziya ndetse no mu zindi nyubako zihegereye. Kugeza ubu abagera ku 45,000 bakaba bashyinguye mu Rwibutso rwa Nyamata. Abatutsi biciwe mu Rugarama ahahoze Electrogaz no ku ishuri rya APACE ku Kabusunzu hose hari muri Nyakabanda. Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku Kiliziya Gatolika ya Kibagabaga ubu ni mu Murenge wa Kimironko barishwe. Abatutsi bagera kuri 95 bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi Kirambi ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nyagisozi mu Karere ka Nyanza barahiciwe. Kuva ku itariki ya 14-15 Mata 1994, Abatutsi bo mu yahoze ari Komini Taba biciwe ahitwa mu Kiryamo cy’Inzovu. Ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi zageze Kiziguro, zibasha kurokora Abatutsi 11 bari batawe mu cyobo ariko batarapfa. Kuva ku itariki ya 14-15 Mata 1994, Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Komini Rukondo (Mbazi), ubu habarizwa mu Karere ka Nyamagabe, bose barishwe Interahamwe z’i Shyorongi, ahitwa Bugaragara (mu Karere ka Rulindo), zabanzaga gukusanyiriza Abatutsi mu nzu ya Nyiramana Agnes wari utuye i Kanyinya, bamaze kuba benshi zikabica zikabajugunya muri Nyabarongo. Interahamwe zateye kandi zica Abatutsi bagera ku 30,000 bari bahungiye ku Kiliziya ya Kibeho, abagera ku 2000 gusa ni bo barokotse uwo munsi. Ku mugoroba w’uwo munsi Padiri Ngoga wari wakiriye izo mpunzi ni bwo yakoreshaga inama abarokotse ababwira ko bagomba guhunga berekeza i Butare cyangwa i Burundi kuko yakekaga ko ho nta bwicanyi buhari. Bamwe bagerageje guhungira i Burundi bararokoka na ho Padiri Ngoga yiciwe i Butare. Ibyo bitero by’abishe Abatutsi mu Kiliziya ya Kibeho byari biyobowe na Silas Mugirangabo, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Rwamiko, Charles Nyiridandi, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Mubuga, Damien Biniga, Superefe wa Munini, Juvénal Ndabalinze, Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Uruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Mata, Innocent Bakundukize, Agoronome wa Komini Mubuga na Padiri Emmanuel Uwayezu, Umuyobozi w’Urwunge rw’amashuri Marie Merci rwa Kibeho n’Umupolisi witwa Athanase Saba. Kuri iyi tariki kandi abajandarume boherejwe gucunga impunzi z’Abatutsi zari zahungiye mu Kiliziya ya Nyange, bategeka ko nihagira uwongera kuzigemurira ibyo kurya na we yicwa. Ayo yari amayeri yo kugira ngo Abatutsi bahungiye mu kiliziya bicwe n’inzara, ntibabashe kubona imbaraga zo kwirwanaho Interahamwe nizibatera. Hagati y’itariki ya 14-15 Mata 1994, Interahamwe zishe Abatutsi bose bari bahungiye ku Kiliziya ya Cyahinda, ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyaruguru. I Kamembe hishwe Abatutsi bo muri Kadasomwa bicirwa kuri Paruwasi Katedarali ya Cyangugu. Hishwe Abatutsi bo ku Mubuga muri Gihombo bicirwa ahitwa ku Muhombori
Chief editor /MUHABURA. RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/fridouald-karamira-na-mdr-power-bahamagariye-abahezamguni-b | #Kwibuka 26 : Muri Mata Fridouald Karamira na MDR-Power bahamagariye Abahezamguni b’Abahutu kwica Abatutsi | Muri Mata mu 1994, Leta y’abicanyi yari ikomeje umugambi wayo mubisha wo gutsemba Abatutsi hirya no hino mu gihugu. Iyi nyandiko iragaragaza hamwe mu hantu hashoboye kumenyekana hiciwe Abatutsi kuri iyi tariki mu 1994. 1. Fridouald Karamira na MDR-Power bahamagariye Abahezamguni b’Abahutu kwica Abatutsi Tariki ya 12/4/2020, Karemera Frodouald wa MDR-Power yavugiye kuri Radio Rwanda ko intambara ireba buri wese, ibi akaba yarabisubiyemo inshuro nyinshi mu byumweru byakurikiye. Yasabye abahutu kudasubiranamo ubwabo, ahubwo ko bagomba gufatanya n’ingabo mu kurangiza “akazi”. Ayo yari ambwiriza yarebaga cyane cyane abayoboke ba MDR-Power abasaba kwibagirwa amacakubiri yari hagati yabo na MRND na CDR, ahubwo bagafatanya nabo mu guhiga Abatutsi. Uwo munsi, Radio Rwanda yasohoye itangazo riturutse muri minisiteri y’ingabo. Iryo tangazo ryavugaga ko “nta macakaburi yari mu ngabo no mu Bahutu muri rusange. Rikomeza rivuga ko abasirikari, abajandarume, n’Abanyarwanda bose bafashe icyemezo cyo kurwanya umwanzi wabo, kandi ngo bose baramuzi. Ngo umwanzi aracyari wa wundi, umwe washatse kugarura ingoma ya Cyami, watsinzwe”. Iyo minisiteri yasabye abasirikari, abajandarume, abaturage gukorera hamwe, gukora amarondo no kurwanya umwanzi. Uwo munsi guverinoma y’abicanyi yavuye i Kigali ijya gukorera i Gitarama, ihuza ibikorwa inashishikariza kurimbura Abatutsi muri perefegitura zose z’igihugu. 2. Muri Kigali, intumbi z’abishwe muri jenoside zakusanyirizwaga muri za kamyo, zikajugunywa mu byobo byari byacukuwe n’ibimashini Tariki ya 12/4/1994 ingabo za MINUAR zamenyesheje Jenerali Romeo Dallaire ko Abatutsi bari barimo kwicwa muri Gisenyi na Kibungo. Ubwe yivugiye uwo munsi ko muri Kigali intumbi nyinshi zapakirwaga n’abanyururu mu bimodoka bisanzwe bikoreshwa ku mihanda, zikabajugunywa mu bisimu byari byacukuwe na za kateripurari. Ibi bimodoka n’ibi bimashini byari ibya serivisi ya Minisiteri y’imirimo ya Leta bitaga “ponts et chaussée” yayoborwaga na Ntirivamunda Alphonse umukwe wa perezida Habyarimana Juvenal. Ntilivamunda yahungiye mu Bufransa. 3. Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abaibumye, Boutros-Ghali yavuze ko MINUAR igomba kuva mu Rwanda muri jenoside Igihe Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’Ububirigi W. Claes yari i Bonn mu Budage, yabwiye Boutros Boutros-Ghali ko “MINUAR ntacyo ikimaze mu Rwanda. [...] ko MINUAR yari mu kaga. [...] ko mu Rwanda Ababirigi bafitiwe urwango». Atanga igitekerezo ko MINUAR yavanwa mu Rwanda.» Boutros-Ghali amusubiza ko “nawe ashyigikiye icyo gitekerezo». Kugeza uwo nunsi Umuryango w’Abibumye wari waranze kongerera ububasha MINUAR n’ubwo Dallaire atahwemye kubisaba. Igihe cya jenoside, Boutros-Boutros Ghali yari mu ngendo i Burayi, arazikomeza atitaye ku ntabaza za MUNUAR zavugaga ko mu Rwanda abantu batagira ingano bishwe guhera tariki ya 7/4/1994. 4. Abatutsi barishwe I Nyawera na Mukarange muri Kayonza I Nyawera, mu Murenge wa Mukarange, mu Karere ka Kayonza, mu matariki ya 11-12/04/1994 habaye igikorwa cy’ubwicanyi burimo ubugome bukomeye. Interahamwe zishe umubyeyi witwaga Murebwayire wari utwite, zimubagisha umuhoro, zimukuramo uruhinja zihita zinamutwika n’uruhinja rwe. Kuri Paruwasi Gaturika ya Mukarange, tariki 07- 09/04/1994 Abatutsi bahahungiye ari benshi. Kuwa 10-11/04/1994, batangiye kwicwa, birwanaho bakoresha amabuye n’amatafari ariko interahamwe zunganirwa n’abajandarume n’abasirikare. Kuwa 12/04/1994, hazanywe urutonde rw’abagomba kwicwa, bategeka abatarapfa gusohoka mu kiriziya babizeza ko ntacyo bakibaye. Bageraga imbere ya paruwasi, Interahamwe zigahita zibatema. Padiri mukuru, Joseph Gatare, wanayoboraga ishuri ryisumbuye rya Mukarange yari Umututsi, yarishwe. Uwari umwungirije, Padiri Munyaneza Jean Bosco w’Umuhutu yaritambitse, yanga ko abatutsi bari bamuhungiyeho bicwa, Interahamwe zihita zimwica. Interahamwe zishe Abatutsi I Mukarange zari zigizwe n’ibyiciro byose birimo abategetsi, abakozi ba Leta n’abacuruzi ba Kayonza : Senkware Célestin (burugumesitiri), Kanyangoga Thomas (umucuruzi), Ngabonzima Augustin (diplomate wari mu kiruhuho cy’izabukuru wari warakomotse I Kinyamakara ku Gikongoro) n’umuhungu we Ngabonzima Jean Claude wari umwarimu, Lieutenant gendarme Twahirwa, Sgt Nsengiyumva Edouard, Kayisabe Côme (wahoze ari umugenzurzi w’amashuri abanza), Nsabimana alias Kiyoni (umugenzuzi w’amashuri abanza), Simparikubwabo alias Simba (wigeze nawe kuba umugenzuzi w’amashuri), Mutaganzwa (umucuruzi), Gashumba Samson (conseiller Mukarange), Kanyogote Nsabimana (conseiller Nyagatovu), Rudasingwa (umuyobozi wa CERAI Mukarange), Tuyishime Joseph (umwarimu muri CERAI Mukarange), Mugenzi ( wayoboye CERAI Mukarange), Gahigi Samuel (umwarimu), Gafaranga (umwarimu), Kanyanzira (umucuruzi), Rwabagabo (burigadiye wa komini), Rwayihuku (wahoze ari umusilikare), Ndakaza Ignace, Migabo (umwarimu), etc. 5. Ubwicanyi bwahitanye Abatutsi benshi bari bahungiye mu Murenge wa Nyabitekeri ahahoze hubatse Segiteri ya Mukoma, Nyamasheke Mu Murenge wa Nyabitekeri ahaguye Abatutsi benshi ni ahahoze hubatse Segiteri ya Mukoma (Mariba). Abatutsi baho bakaba barishwe kuwa 12/04/1994 babakuye mu ngo iwabo babatumiye mu nama yiswe iy’umutekano yari itumiwemo abagabo bose. Abagabo barahagurutse mu gitondo nka 8h00’ basaba abagore n’Abana ko baba bagiye ku rusengero rw’Abadiventiste b’Umunsi wa Karindwi. Aho niho guhera tariki ya 10/04/1994 buri joro niho imiryango yose yahuriraga kugira ngo icungirwe umutekano. Abagabo bakarara bicaye bareba ko hari igitero cyaza bagahangana nacyo. Bageze aho bari batumiwe mu nama basanze nta nama ihari ahubwo hari Interahamwe zifite intwaro gakondo ziteguye kubica. Konseye witwaga KANYARUREMBO Joseph yahise abasaba kujya mu nzu ya Segiteri yari ishaje babafungiranamo, hanyuma bamenamo essence yanga kwaka. Konseye KANYARUREMBO yasabye uwitwa TORERO Theodore wabaye umusirikari gufata grenade agateramo. Yateyemo grenade 2, ushatse gusohoka bakamwica. Uwo munsi abatutsi batagira ingano biciwe kwa KAREMERA Karaveri, i Mukoma muri Nyabitekeri, Nyamasheke. Aho mu rugo rwa KAREMERA Karaveri ni mu Murenge wa Nyabitekeri mu Karere ka Nyamasheke ahahoze ari muri Serire Mukoma. Muri urwo rugo hahungiye Abatutsi benshi, bishwe n’igitero cya PIMA kuwa 12/04/1994 gihita gikomeza kijya kwica ku Badivantisite. 6. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Ngoma mu Murenge wa Bushekeri, Nyamasheke ku mabwiriza ya perefe Bagambiki Ni ku muhanda munini uva ahitwa ku Kinini ugana ku kigo cy’amashuri abanza ya Ngoma mu Murenge wa Bushekeri, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. Muri Jenoside yose hari bariyeri n’ikirombe kirekire gifite hejuru ya metero 15. Abatutsi bo muri iyi Segiteri, ubu ni mu Kagari ka Nyarusange, bose barakusanywaga bakajyanwa kwicirwa ku Mugina nyuma y’uko Perefe BAGAMBIKI Emmanuel azengurutse Cyangugu asaba Abahutu gutangira kwica. Kuva tariki 12/04/1994 kugeza tariki 18/04/1994 nibwo bishwe. Abatutsi bahiciwe ni abo muri Segiteri ya Ngoma cyane cyane muri Serire ya Keshero kuko ariyo yari ituwe n’Abatutsi benshi. Baragoswe barabazamura ugeze kuri bariyeri wese yahitaga yicwa. Interahamwe zabishe zarimo abitwa Mazera, Ndayishimiye Emmanuel, Bazambanza n’abandi. Abatutsi bishwe urw’agashinyaguro kuko abagabo benshi babanje kubakata ubugabo, kubatema amaboko, ndetse bamwe muri bo babanje kubakuramo amaso, abagore bakabanza kubasambanya, abana b’impinja babamburaga ba nyina bakabajugunya muri cya kirombe ari bazima, ku buryo amanywa n’ijoro habaga ari imiborogo n’amarira y’abana bajugunywaga muri cya cyobo ari bazima. 7. Burugumesitiri Furere Abel yarimbuye Abatutsi bo muri Komini ya Rwamatamu, Umurenge wa Gihombo, Kibuye Mu 1994, Komini Rwamatamu yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri FURERE Abel. Kuwa 12/04/1994 habaye inama kuri Komini ya Rwamatamu yatangiye nka saa ine z’amanywa (10h ) isozwa nka 13h20 ikaba yari yitabiriwe na ba Konseye, Abakozi ba Komine ariko b’Abahutu, abacuruzi bari bakomeye b’Abahutu, ndetse n’Interahamwe. Irangiye nibwo ba Konseye baciye mu mpunzi bababwira ko amahoro yagarutse Abatutsi bakisubirira mu ngo zabo. Ariko nyuma yaho gato Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Kibingo batangiye kwicwa ndetse hari n’imodoka yuzuye Abasirikare yaje irimo n’Interahamwe, zahise ziza kuri Komini zari ziyobowe na RUZINDANA Obed wari umucuruzi ukomeye ku Mugonero wabanje guca urusinga rwa Telephone yabaga kuri Komine ya Rwamatamu ngo Abatutsi batabasha gutabaza bene wabo bakabatabara cyangwa bakabibwira Abanyamahanga bikamenyekana. Nibwo hatangiye kumvikana amasasu menshi. Kuri uyu wa 12/04/1994, hishwe abana benshi ndetse n’abagore bari bahungiye mu rusengero barakomeza baza no kuri Komine. Uwo munsi hishwe Abatutsi barenga 250. Ruzindana Obed yahamwe n’icyaha cya jenoside akatirwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Kuva ku italiki ya 07/04/1994 kugeza kuwa 12/04/1994 ibitero byicaga Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Komini ya Rwamatamu byabaga biyobowe na: KAYISHEMA Andre wari mwarimu, NTAGAZWA Charles, RUHUMURIZA Celestin wahoze ari umusirikare, RUZINDANA Obed, GIKERI wahoze ari umusirikare, MUREGO wari Interahamwe ikomeye na MURWANASHYAKA. Ariko kuwa 12/04/1994 hiyongereyeho izindi Nterahamwe zari zikomeye cyane zirimo: KIBATI, Jean Paul, NSONERA Christophe wari warahoze ari umusirikare na BIMENYIMANA Aloys hamwe n’abandi benshi. Ubwicanyi bwarakomeje, igitero simusiga cyabaye tariki 17 Mata. 8. Abatutsi barishwe mu Buharabuge, Rugarika mu Karere ka Kamonyi Biharabuge, mu Mudugudu wa Kigarama, Akagari ka Sheri, Umurenge wa Rugarika, Akarere ka Kamonyi, hiciwe Abatutsi bari bahatuye n’abari bahahungiye guhera tariki 07 Mata 1994 baturutse i Kigese bahungiye mu miryango no mu nshuti zabo i Sheri. Habaye inama kuri Komini Runda ikoreshejwe na Burugumesitiri Ndayambaje Sixbert, yatumiyemo ba Resiponsabure bose ba selire na ba konseye abategeka kumenyesha Abatutsi ko aribo bahigwa, no kubwira Abahutu ko batagomba kongera gufasha Abatutsi. Abatutsi bakusanyirijwe muri Centre ya Biharabuge, Interahamwe zigenda zicamo abo zishaka. Interahamwe zarabashoreye zibakikije ngo hatagira uwiruka, uwo bashatse gutema bagatema, abo bafata ku ngufu, n’ibindi. Izo nterahamwe zunganiwe n’izivuye mu Gatsata zari zifite bariyeri mu Rwabashyashya zayobarwaga koranaga na SHARANGABO w’ i Rugarika wari ufite imodoka yatwaraga interahamwe aho zajyaga kwica. Barabatwaye babageza mu Biharabuge, babicaza mu ishyamba bitaga Cyingumba, barabaryamisha, batangira kubakubita impiri, imihoro, amasuka n’ibindi. Bari Abatutsi babarirwa mu 1,000. Ubwicanyi bwatangiye ahagana saa saba kugeza nka saa moya z’ijoro. Nyuma yo kwica bacuje imirambo, mu gitondo haje imodoka ipakira imirambo ndetse n’abatari bapfuye neza bayijyana kuyijugunya mu cyuzi bashoragamo inka cyitwa Cyabariza. Ubwicanyi bwabereye muri Komini Runda bwagizwemo uruhare cyane na Burugumesitiri Ndayambaje Sixbert, Assistant Burugumesitiri Habyarimana Vivien, umwarimu Uwimana Pelage, Joseph Setiba n’izindi nterahamwe. 9. Ijugunywa ry’Abatutsi ba Runda muri Nyabarongo Utugari dukora kuri Nyabarongo mu Karere ka Kamonyi, twari dufite sites nyinshi zanyurwagamo n’interahamwe n’abaturage bajya kujugunya Abatutsi muri Nyabarongo. Hari site izwi cyane y’ahitwa mu Ruramba. Kuroha Abatutsi muri Nyabarongo byakozwe cyane kuva tariki ya 12 Mata 1994 kugeza mu mpera za Kamena 1994. Tariki 12 Mata 1994 Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku Kigo Nderabuzima cya Kigese barabashoreye babajyana kubaroha muri Nyabarongo uwo munsi niho Abatutsi bashorewe ari benshi ariko na nyuma yaho byarakomeje. Uko bavumbuye Abatutsi bakabashorera bakabajyana kuri Nyabarongo, ndetse bakabakoresha urugendo rurerure rugera nko ku masaha atatu, bagenda bakubitwa kandi bashorewe n’imbaga y’abantu bagenda bavugirizwa n’induru. Bamwe muribo barababohaga bakabaroha muri Nyabarongo ari bazima, bakabatereramo amabuye, abandi bakabatema bagatabwa muri Nyabarongo. 10. Iyicwa ry’abatutsi bo mu Kabuga, Umurenge wa Bumbogo, Gasabo Kuva tariki 10-11 mata 1994, Abatutsi batuye mu bice bitandukanye bo mu murenge wa Bumbogo ahitwa mu Kabuga ka Nyabikenke, ahahoze ibiro bya Secteur Karama hiciwe Abatutsi benshi bagera ku bihumbi bine magana atanu (4500). Abahiciwe ni abari baturutse ahantu hatandukanye nka Bumbogo, Kanombe, Musave, Kimironko na Ndera bahahungiye kuko bari bababwiye ko abaho babahaye ubuhungiro kuri Secteur Karama. Batangiye kuhagera kuva kuwa 10 – 11/04/1994. Bigeze kuwa 12 Mata 1994, haza abaturutse I Gishaka n’abandi ba Nkuzuzu; bigeze nijoro umujandarume witwaga Emmanuel azana za grenade azihetse kuri moto, haza n’imodoka y’uwitwaga Tadeyo wari interahamwe kabuhariwe izanye imihoro bari bamaze kwicisha abari bahungiye mu kiriziya I Gishaka ayizanamo Interahamwe z’impunzi zari zaravuye I Kivuye muri Byumba hamwe n’abitwaga abakonya bari baravuye Ruhengeri batuye I Rubungo n’izivuka Bumbogo zarimo abitwa: Mutaganira, Muyoboke Augustin, Karangwa Theophile na Rwabutogo. Nibo bishe abo batutsi guhera k’umugoroba wo kuwa 12 bageza mugitondo cyo kuwa 13 babarangije. 11. Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi I Musenyi mu Bugesera na Muhura muri Gatsibo I Musenyi mu Bugesera, Perezida Habyarimana akimara gupfa, Abatutsi batangiye gusenyerwa. Uwari responsabure wa serile Kagusa witwaga Karangwa yabwiye abatutsi ko umututsi utari buhungire iwe bakamwica ntawe umumubaza. Mu rugo rwe haje abatutsi barenga 500. Karangwa yapanze gahunda y’uko bagomba kwica abatutsi bari bahungiye iwe, atumaho igitero kirabica. Abatutsi bake bari basigaye I Kagusa batangiye guhungira I Nyamata ariko abenshi bicirwa mu nzira batahageze. Ubu, muri uru rugo rwa Karangwa hashyizwe ikimenyetso cya Jenoside. Mu murenge wa Remera, Akagari ka Rwarenga ahari muri Komine Muhura yayoborwaga n’uwitwa Ndayishimiye, kuva kuwa 07/04/1994 kugera kuwa 12/04/1994 hiciwe Abatutsi bamenyekanye 252 bakaba bashyinguye mu rwibutso ruhari. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yarateguwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa na Leta. Kubona guhera tariki ya 7 mata 1994 mu gitondo, abatutsi bicwa icyarimwe ahantu hantandukanye mu gihugu hose byerekana ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko ari umugambi wari warateguwe na Leta.
Dr Bizimana Jean Damascene Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside, CNLG |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/kwibuka26-itangazamakuru-umuyoboro-wifashishijwe-na-leta | Kwibuka26: Itangazamakuru, umuyoboro wifashishijwe na Leta muri Jenoside | Bamwe mu bakoraga itangazamakuru mbere no mu bihe bya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi bemeranywa na bamwe mu baturage bakurikiraga itangazamakuru icyo gihe ko iyo abanyamakuru b’icyo gihe baza gukora kinyamwuga,bamwe muri bo batari gutiza umurindi leta yariho icyo gihe mu kubiba urwango mu banyarwanda. Ku myaka 72 y’amavuko,umusaza Karera Joseph avuga ko yakurikira ibyaberaga mu itangazamakuru mbere ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi ndetse no mu bihe byayo. Ati "Hari ubwo bavugaga bati abahutu muri mu biki. Nka Kantano ati abahutu kuki mwisuzugura muri mu biki? Muraseka mu bikomeye. Uri ku ruhande amushyigikiye akumva aravuga neza.Yashakaga kuvuga ko bagomba kurwanya umuntu witwa umututsi. Nari ndi ku Kimisagara hari umugabo witwa Jean Pierre yayoboraga Kimisagara, yari umututsi bakavuga ngo na Jean Pierre yihishe hafi aho murebe aho yihishe. Kwari ugushumuriza urabyumva." Bamwe mu bari abanyamakuru icyo gihe bavuga ko byari bigoye gukorera mu mwuka wariho icyo igihe cyose mu gihe wabaga utari mu mugambi mubi wa leta. Mbonimana Silas yakoreraga Radiyo Rwanda avuga ko icyo gihe leta yivanze cyane mu mikorere y’itangazamakuru ku buryo ari yo yagenaga ibyo radiyo itambutsa kandi biri mu bihembera ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside Ati "Urumva nakoraga mu bintu byo gushyushya,mu ndirimbo zasabwe,gusobanura ibintu.Byageze muri 88 batubuza guhitisha indirimbo zimwe na zimwe bavuga ngo ni indirimbo ntutsi. Radiyo Rwanda yakoreragamo abantu ba maneko muri Perezidansi, bategeka Mpfizi (wayoboraga ORINFOR) ngo areke kujya ahitisha indirimbo za Rugamba iza Kayirebwa n’iza Sebanani ." Yunzemo ati "Leta yatangiye kubwira abanyamakuru ko igihugu cyatewe n’umwanzi ,igihe Habyarimana yapfaga,bati umwanzi yafashe igihugu none namwe mugomba gukora ku buryo mugira uruhare mu kurwana nk’itangazamakuru kandi umwanzi muramuzi umwanzi ni umututsi." Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru, Peacemaker Mbungiramihigo umwe mu bakoraga mu mwuga w’itangazamakuru icyo gihe avuga ko bamwe mu banyamakuru nyuma yo kubona uwo murongo wa leta bafashe ingamba. Akemeza ko umunyamakuru afite uko agomba kwitwara. Ati "Umunyamakuru agomba kwitandukanya n’amacakubiri ayo ari yo yose.Agaharanira gusa kuba umunyamwuga akagira umutimanama uharanira icyiza mu byo avuga,icyo gihe ntaho ubogamira. Ni intwaro ikomeye cyane ni cyo cyadufashije kwirinda kuba igikoresho cy’abashaka inyungu zabo bwite aho kuba igikoresho cy’abayobozi." Kugeza ubu Inama nkuru y’itangazamakuru mu Rwanda itangaza ko hamaze kumenyekana abanyamakuru 60 bazize jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Ku rundi ruhande,abariho muri ibyo bihe ntibazibagirwa ibinyamakuru nka Kangura na RTLM ndetse na bamwe mu banyamakuru nka Ferdinand Nahimana ndetse na Habimana Kantano bagize uruhare rukomeye mu gukangurura abandi gukora jenoside. Denis Fabrice Nsengumuremyi/ MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/urwibutso-rwa-ntarama-isura-nyakuri-igaragaza-uburyo | Urwibutso rwa Ntarama, isura nyakuri igaragaza uburyo Umututsi yishwe mu buryo bw’indengakamere | Abatutsi b’ I Ntarama barishwe kuva ku ruhinja kugera ku mukecuru; -Impinja zakubitwaga ku nkuta za Kiliziya; -Interahamwe n’abasirikare banze gukoresha amasasu bahitamo gutwikisha matela abari bahungiye aho; -Ku wa 14 Mata 1994 bamwe mu Batutsi bagiye i Kigali kubaza icyo bazira; -Haguye Abatutsi basaga 5000 Urwibutso rwa Ntarama, ruherereye mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, Akarere ka Bugesera, Umurenge wa Ntarama, Akagari ka Cyugaro, Umudugudu wa Rugarama. Mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 Ntarama yari mu cyahoze ari Komine Kanzenze, Superefegitura ya Kanazi, Perefegitura ya Kigali-Ngari. Mbere ya Jenoside Akarere ka Bugesera mbere ya 1959 karangwaga n’ishyamba ryinshi, abaturage bari bake cyane. Mu mwaka w’1959 Umwami Mutara Rudahigwa V amaze gutanga, Abatutsi bari batuye mu gihugu abenshi baratwikiwe, baricwa ndetse baranyagwa abandi bahungira muri za Misiyoni(Paroisse) hahita himikwa Umwami Kigeli Ndahindurwa.
Iyimikwa ry’uyu mwami rikaba ryarateje imvururu kuko Abahutu batamushakaga bashaka Repubulika. Muri icyo gihe Abatutsi benshi bimurirwaga ku ngufu mu Bugesera baturutse za Ruhengeri, Gisenyi ndetse na Gitarama, ariko abandi bahungira mu bihugu byari bituranye n’u Rwanda, nka Congo, Uganda, Tanzaniya ndetse na Burundi. Kugirango bimurirwe za Bugesera mu by’ukuri ntabwo babifurizaga ubuzima bwiza bwari uburyo bwo kubaroha kuko hari ishyamba ryinshi ndetse muri iryo shyamba harimo n’isazi yitwa tsetse. Bumvaga ko bazaribwa n’inyamaswa zitandukanye zabaga mu ishyamba ndetse bakaribwa n’isazi ya tsetse hakiyongeraho n’inzara yari yarayogoye ako karere. Ariko Abatutsi bamaze kugera mu Bugesera bagerageje kwirwanaho, bagerageza kugonda utuzu two kubamo, bagerageza gutema ishyamba aho bishoboka. Ariko hariho abatarashoboye gukomeza kubaho kubera inzara ndetse n’ubuzima bubi. Uko imyaka yakomeje kugenda, Abatutsi bagiye batotezwa bamwe bagafungwa, bakicwa ndetse bagenda bavanwa no ku kazi. Ibyo byose bikaba byaraterwaga n’ubuyobozi bubi bwariho. Muri 1973 abana b’Abatutsi b’Abanyeshuri birukanwa mu mashuri ababishoboye bahungira mu mahanga bakomeza kwiga kuko ubuyobozi bwariho ntabwo bwifuzaga ko hari icyiza Umututsi yageraho. Mu gace ka Bugesera, icyahoze ari Komine Kanzenze, Abatutsi bakomeje gutotezwa ndetse bamwe na bamwe bakicwa bavuga ko ari ibyitso by’inkotanyi bikomeza bityo. Mu mwaka w’1992 mu mpande zose Abatutsi barishwe mu Bugesera/Ntarama ndetse baratwikirwa bagerageza guhungira muri za kiriziya. Muri icyo gihe abahungiye muri za kiliziya ntabwo bahiciwe, ariko inzara n’inyota bibiciramo kubera ko batabonaga uko bajya gushaka icyo kurya cyangwa icyo kunywa. Kiliziya ya Ntarama yahungiyemo Abatutsi, ariko cyane cyane abenshi bahungiye muri kiliziya ya Nyamata. Umuzungukazi witwaga Antoinette Locatelli wari Umuyobozi wa “Familiale” abonye iyicwa ry’Abatutsi abimenyesha amahanga. Uwari Musenyeri Nsengiyumva amubuza gutangaza ayo makuru y’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi, amubwira ko nabikomeza azabizira ariko ntibyamukundira akomeza kubitangaza nyuma aza kwicwa arashwe n’umwe mu bakuru b’abasirikare bo kuri superefegitura. Abatutsi bakomeza gutotezwa uko imyaka yagiye igenda. Kubera iyimurwa ry’Abatutsi bazanwaga mu gace ka Bugesera, Segiteri ya Ntarama yaje guturwa n’Abatutsi benshi. Mu gihe cya Jenoside Jenoside itangiye ku wa 7 Mata 1994 Abatutsi barimo kwicwa ariko kubera ko bari benshi bagerageje kwirwanaho ariko biba iby’ubusa abicanyi bari batuye Ntarama bitabaje Interahamwe zivuye mu bindi bice by’igihugu cyane cyane abari begereye agace ka Bugesera. Ubwo Abatutsi batangiye guhungira muri Kiliziya ya Ntarama guhera mu matariki 10,11,12,13,14 kuko bari bamaze kunanirwa n’inzara ibamereye nabi, ariko kubera ko bagendeye ku by’abababanjirije ko abahungiraga muri za Kiliziya baticwaga nabo bari bizeye ko bari buhakirire kandi bumvaga ko Interahamwe zidashobora kwinjira muri kiliziya y’Imana ngo ziciremo abantu, ikaba ariyo mpamvu Abatutsi bahungiye muri za kiriziya cyane.
Bagiye kubaza icyo bazira barohwa mu ruzi Kuwa 13 Mata 1994 ku kiriziya haje abasirikare n’Interahamwe benshi bayobowe na Karera, bakora ibarura ry’Abatutsi bari bahari basanga ari bake bababwira ko bagiye kubazanira Abasirikare babarinda ko bagomba kubwira n’Abatutsi bari ahandi bakaza kuri kiriziya. Ibyo byari uburyo bwo kubegeranya kugira ngo bazabicire hamwe. Ku wa 14 Mata 1994 bamwe mu Batutsi bagiye i Kigali kubaza icyo bazira kuko ariho hari ubuyobozi bukuru bageze ku Kagera, Interahamwe zibarohamo hafi ya bose barahashirira barokokamo bake. Ku wa 15 Mata 1994 Abasirikare n’Interahamwe benshi baje Ntarama basanga Abatutsi babaye benshi maze babiraramo barabica. Kuri kiriziya ya Ntarama hari umuborogo mwinshi kubera abari bishwe batahwanye. Abatutsi bishwe impfu z’agashinyaguro kandi zitandukanye. Abari mu cyahoze ari kiriziya ubu yabaye urwibutso rwa Jenoside bararashwe nyuma baratemagurwa hakoreshejwe intwaro za Kinyarwanda (imihoro, imipanja, ibyuma, impiri n’ibindi). Ababyeyi bari batwite basatuwe amada ngo barebe uko abana b’Abatutsi baba bameze mu nda. Hari n’utuzu twari dukikije icyahoze ari kiliziya. Naho hiciwemo abatutsi imwe yiciwemo abana babakubita ku rukuta ubu hakaba hakiriho ikizinga cy’amaraso y’abo bana.
Indi yari igikoni yatwikiwemo Abatutsi bari bahahungiye,bakoresheje matola bari bahunganye. Ariko interahamwe ziza kubona ko bidahagije kuko bari benshi bagerekeranye bababirindururiraho urukuta rw’ako kazu. Ku rwibutso rwa Jenoside ya Ntarama hiciwe Abatutsi barenga ibihumbi bitanu ( 5.000). Guhera ku wa 19 Mata 1994 Abatutsi bakomeje guhigwa no kwicwa, ni nabwo haje igitero cya “bus” 3 z’Intarama kiyobowe na Nyiramasuhuko Pauline (wari Minisitiri) bagenda bica, abana n’abagore b’Interahamwe bakagenda basonga Abatahanye. Ku wa 30 Mata 1994, icyo gitero cyateye ku rufunzo ahari harahungiye Abatutsi benshi maze barabica.Ababashije kurokoka bo muri Ntarama barokokeye muri urwo rufunzo rwitwaga CND. Ku wa 14 Gicurasi 1994 Ingabo za FPR inkotanyi zageze muri Ntarama zibasha kurokora abari muri urwo rufunzo bajyanywa i Nyamata. Nyuma ya Jenoside Icyahoze ari Kiriziya ya Ntarama cyahinduwe urwibutso rwa Jenoside kubera Abatutsi benshi bahaguye barenga ibihumbi bitanu(5.000).
Chief editor/ MUHABURA. RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/amateka-y-urwobo-rwa-kiziguro-rwatawemo-abatutsi-barenga | Gatsibo : Tariki 11 Mata 1994 ni itariki itazibagira mu mitwe ya benshi by’umwihariko abari batuye muri Komine ... | Gatete Jean Baptiste wari Burugumesitiri wa Komine Murambi mu yahoze ari Byumba, yategetse interahamwe kwica abatutsi babaga muri iyo komine ku buryo nta n’umwe usigara. Tariki 11 Mata 1994 ni itariki itazibagira mu mitwe ya benshi by’umwihariko abari batuye muri Murambi kuko aribwo abatutsi ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Kiziguro, bishwe bigizwemo uruhare na Gatete. Umurenge wa kiziguro ni umwe mu Mirenge 14 igize Akarere ka Gatsibo, ahahoze ari komini Murambi. Aka karere kazwiho kuba karabereyemo ubwicanyi bukaze mu gihe cya Jenoside, Abatutsi benshi batawe mu rwobo rwa Kizuguro, abenshi biciwe muri Kiliziya yaho. Abashyirwa mu majwi mu gukora aya mahano ni uwari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Murambi, Gatete Jean Baptiste. Ku itariki ya 11 Mata 1994 ubwo Abatutsi barenga ibihumbi bitatu bari baturutse mu duce dutandukanye tw’iyi Komini bose bari bahungiye kuri Kiliziya ya Kiziguro bishwe ku itegeko rya Gatete. Umupadiri witwa Rutinduka Laurent wagerageje gukora ubucukumbuzi bwimbitse ku mateka y’uru rwobo rwa Kiziguro avuga ko ibyahabereye biteye ubwoba ndetse ya navuze amateka yicyobo cyajugunywe mo Abatutsi . Padiri Rutinduka avuga ko kubera ko agace k’Iburasirazuba kazwiho kutagira amazi, no mu cyari Komini Murambi bikaba byari uko, ibi ngo nibyo byatumye mu mwaka wa 1972 Umupadiri witwa Melchior Fuyana ukomoka mu gihugu cya Esipanye akaba yarayoboraga Kiliziya ya Kiziguro, yafashe umugambi wo guha abatuye aka gace amazi meza abanje gukora igikorwa cyo gucukura aha hantu, kuko ngo yari yahapimye abona ko hashobora kuboneka amazi. Padiri Fuyana ngo mu gihugu yakomokamo mu bice by’igiturage ngo habaga amariba afasha abaturage kubona amazi meza, ibi ngo nibyo byatumye muri uwo mwaka acukuza uyu mwobo ashaka guha amazi abaturage ba kiziguro, ariko bigeze muri Metero 28 yaje kugira ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhura n’urutare mu kuzimu, bituma asubika gato iki gikorwa. Nyuma Padiri Melchor yaje kwitabaza uwitwaga Muramutsa Joachim (uyu yaje kwicwa na Gatete muri Jenoside) wayoboraga ibirombe by’amabuye y’agaciro by’ahitwa Bugarura muri Komini Muhura, amusaba ko yamuha urutambi rwo kumena uru rutare, kugirango akomeza umushinga wo gushakira abaturage amazi, agera kuri metero 30 z’ubujyakuzimu, ariko amazi arayabura kandi mbere yari yarapimye agasanga arimo. Ngo yifuzaga ko azajya ashyiramo imashini ikogota amazi Abanyakiziguro bakavoma. Nyuma Padiri Melchor yaje guhindurirwa imirimo avanwa i Kiziguro hazanwa abandi bapadiri, cya cyobo nticyasibwa gikomeza cyasamye umushinga wibagirana gutyo. Nyuma y’imyaka irenga 22 yose icyo cyobo cyamaze cyidasibwe, mu mwaka wa 1994 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi itangiye, guhera tariki ya 9 Mata 1994, abantu bamwe bageragezaga guhungira kuri Kiliziya ya Kiziguro bagiye bicirwa mu nzira bugufi ya Kiliziya, abicanyi barimo Gatete batangira kwibaza aho bashyira imibiri y’abo bantu bari bamaze kwicwa. Tariki ya 11 Mata 1994, abari bahungiye kuri Kiliziya ya Kiziguro bagabweho igitero simusiga kigizwe n’abasirikare n’Interahamwe, bafashijwe na Gatete n’uwitwa Rwabukombe wayoboraga Komini Muvumba, abarenga ibihumbi bitatu bari aho bose barishwe, ikibazo gikomeza kuba icyo kumenya aho gushyira iyi mibiri. Kubera ko iki cyobo cyari cyizwi n’abari batuye hafi aho, haje kuba inama ikomeye ngo hamenyekane aho iyi mibiri ishyirwa, nibwo baje kwibuka ko uru rwobo ruhari, batangira kujyanayo iyi mibiri n’abakiri bazima bakajugunywamo bagihumeka. Kugeza ubu imibiri irenga ibihumbi 11 nibo bashyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kiziguro mu karere ka Gatsibo. Padiri Rutinduka kandi avuga ko ubwo ingabo za FPR zateraga tariki ya 01 Ukwakira 1990 aribwo Gatete yifashishije iki kinyamakuru bagatangaza amazina ya bamwe mu batutsi bari injijuke icyo gihe bakabashinja kuba ibyitso by’Inkotanyi ubundi tariki 08 Ukwakira bakajya kwicirwa i Byumba. Kugeza ubu Gatete yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka 40 n’urukiko mpuzamahanga rwari rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, ni umwe mu bahembereye amacakubiri mu yahoze ari Komine Murambi yabereye umuyobozi kuva 1981 kugera 1993.
Ruhumuriza Richard /MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/ku-wa-10-mata-1994-abatutsi-bagera-ku-10-000-biciwe-kuri | Ku wa 10 Mata 1994 : Abatutsi bagera ku 10,000 biciwe kuri Kiriziya ya Ruhuha | Kwibuka ku nshuro ya 26 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Iyi Jenoside yabaye mu gihe cy’amezi atatu gusa, ihitana abarenga miriyoni. Umunsi ku wundi, hari ibikorwa by’ubuginzi bwa nabi byabaga, ari yo mpamvu hari n’ibyabaye by’ubugome ku wa 10 Mata 1994, imyaka 26 irashize. Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside, CNLG, igaragaraza ibikorwa by’ubugome byakozwe mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ku wa 10 Mata 1994. Kuri uwo munsi, imibiri ivangavanze n’inkomere, bagera ku 10,000 batoraguwe mu mihanda ya Kigali maze bajyanwa mu bitaro binyuranye. Kuri uyu munsi kandi, CNLG ivuga ko Abatutsi bagera ku 10,000 biciwe kuri Kiriziya ya Ruhuha no mu nkengero zayo, hari muri komini Ngenda, muri Bugesera. Ku wa 10 Mata 1994 kandi, Interahamwe zo muri Komini Ngororero na Giciye ku Gisenyi, zishe Abatutsi barenga 14,500 bari bahungiye ku Ngoro ya Muvoma (MRND Palace). Harokotse abantu babiri gusa. Na none kandi Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku Bitaro bya Kiziguro mu Karere ka Gatsibo barishwe kuri uwo munsi. Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside, inavuga ko kuri uyu munsi abasirikare barindaga Perezida Habyarimana, barashe ibisasu bikomeye ku Bitaro Byitiriwe Umwami Fayisali i Kigali bica abarwayi 29, abandi bagera kuri 70 barakomereka. Hishwe kandi Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku biro bya Komine Gashora no muri ISAR Karama. Ikindi ni uko ku wa 10 Mata 1994 Abatutsi barenga 7,564 biciwe kuri Kiriziya Gatolika i Gahanga, muri Komini Kanombe, abarenga 2,522 bicirwa i Karembure, muri Gahanga. Ibitero byabishe byabaga biyobowe na Asisita Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kanombe n’abapolisi ba Komini, ndetse n’uwari Konseye wa Segiteri Gahanga wari waravuye mu gisirikare, hamwe n’abasirikare bari barinze ikiraro cya Kanzenze n’abari ku musozi wa Rebero barindaga RADAR. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda yibukwa uyu munsi, yabaye amahanga arebera, mu gihe Isi yose yari yaravuze ngo “Ntibizabaho Ukundi/Never Again” ishaka kuvuga ko nta Jenoside izongera kubaho. Nyuma y’iyi Jenoside, n’ubwo benshi muri aba yabaye barebera, bumvaga ko u Rwanda rutazongera kubaho, ariko ruriho, rwariyubatse kandi rurakomeje. Insanganyamatsiko yo kwibuka Jenoside uyu mwaka, igira iti: “Kwibuka Twiyubaka”.
MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/kwibuka-26-tariki-9-mata-1994-abasirikare-ba-leta-ya | #KWIBUKA 26 : Tariki 9 Mata 1994 Abasirikare ba Leta ya Habyarimana batwitse Abatutsi mu Nyakabanda | Uyu munsi ni tariki 9 Mata 2020 , hashize imyaka 26 ahantu hatandukanye mu Rwanda habereye ubwicanyi bukomeye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Gusa kuri iyi tariki ya 09 Mata 1994 ingabo za RPA inkotanyi zari zatangiye kurokora Abatutsi. Ni ibyaranze iyi tariki muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Nibwo hatangiye Operation Amaryllis, iyobowe na Generali Henri Poncet mu rwitwazo rwo guhungisha abanyaburayi bagera ku 1400 babaga mu Rwanda. Interahamwe n’abasirikare barindaga Habyarimana, bishe abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri paruwasi gatulika yitiriwe Mutagatifu Vicenti wa Paloti i Gikondo bagera kuri 500. Kuri uwo munsi, Ingabo za Loni ziboneye ubwicanyi bwakorewe abatutsi biganjemo abana muri kiliziya i Gikondo. Abasirikare ba Leta ya Habyarimana batwitse abatutsi bari bahungiye Nyakabanda II munsi ya BAOBA Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku misozi ya Murama, Murundi, Nyamirama na Kabare (mu karere ka Kayonza) barishwe. Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri paruwasi gatolika ya Kabuye, ubu ni mu murenge wa Jabana, bose barishwe. Hagati y’itariki ya 9-10-11/04/1994, abatutsi bari bahungiye i Kiramuruzi (ubu ni mu Karere ka Gatsibo), barishwe. Nk’ uko byatangajwe ku rubuga rwa CNLG dukesha iyi nkuru ngo tariki 9 Mata nibwo Interahamwe zishe abatutsi muri Nyagatare I (ubu ni mu karere ka Nyagatare). Habaye ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri paruwasi ya Zaza muri Kibungo, guhera tariki ya 09 kugeza tariki ya 12 Mata, Abatutsi babarirwa hagati ya 500 na 800 barishwe. Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku musozi wa Nyamagumba (Mabanza) muri perefegitura ya Kibuye bagabweho igitero, babanje kwihagararaho mu gihe kingana n’iminsi itanu guhera tariki ya 09 kugeza tariki ya 14 Mata biba iby’ubusa n’ubundi ababarirwa mu 12000 baricwa. Abatutsi bari bahungiye Nyabikenke, ku biro byahoze ari iby’umurenge wa Karama muri Bumbogo, barishwe. Hishwe Abatutsi i Nyarushishi (Nkungu) • Hishwe Abatutsi b’i Cyabingo • Hishwe Abatutsi mu Mataba (Gakenke) • Hishwe Abatutsi muri centre ya Kararama (Gakenke) • Hishwe Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku Rusengero rw’Aba Baptiste rwa Rusiza muri
Kabumba, Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rubavu. • Hishwe Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu Kiliziya ya Nyundo no mu nkengero zayo, muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rubavu. • Hishwe Abatutsi bari bahungiye muri Maternite ya Nyundo muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rubavu.
Richard Ruhumuriza/MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/kimwe-mu-bintu-intambara-ya-mbere-y-isi-yose-irusha-izindi | Kimwe mu bintu intambara ya mbere y’isi yose irusha izindi zose zabayeho | Mu kinyejana gishize, abasore babarirwa muri za miriyoni bavuye iwabo aho bari bamerewe neza, bajya ku rugamba. Bagiye bafite ishyaka ryo kurwanirira ibihugu byabo. Mu mwaka wa 1914, hari umusirikare w’Umunyamerika wavuze ati “mfite ibyishimo byinshi, kandi iyo ntekereje ukuntu mu minsi iri imbere ibintu bizaba ari byiza cyane, numva bindenze.” Icyakora bidatinze, ibyari ibyishimo byaje kuvamo amarira. Nta n’umwe wari warigeze atekereza ko abo basirikare batagira ingano, bari kuzamara imyaka runaka barwanira mu Bubiligi no mu Bufaransa. Iyo ntambara yiswe “Intambara iruta izindi.” Ariko muri iki gihe yitwa intambara ya mbere y’isi yose. Kimwe mu bintu intambara ya mbere y’isi yose irusha izindi, ni umubare munini w’abo yahitanye cyangwa abayikomerekeyemo. Hari abavuga ko yahitanye abantu bagera kuri miriyoni 10, ikamugaza abagera kuri miriyoni 20. Ariko nanone, ibyo byose byatewe n’uburangare. Abakuru b’ibihugu by’i Burayi bananiwe guhagarika ubwumvikane buke bwari hagati y’ibihugu byabo kugira ngo budafata indi ntera bugateza amakimbirane ku isi hose. Ariko ikintu gikomeye kurushaho, ni uko iyo ntambara yasigiye abatuye isi ibikomere, kuko yahinduye isi ku buryo ingaruka zayo zikitugeraho na n’ubu. AMAKOSA YATUMYE ABANTU BATAKARIZWA ICYIZERE Intambara ya mbere y’isi yose yatewe no kubara nabi. Hari igitabo cyavuze ko abayobozi b’u Burayi babaye “nk’impumyi zagendaga muri icyo gihe cy’amahoro cyo mu mpeshyi yo mu wa 1914, maze zigasitara kuri kabutindi zitabizi.”—The Fall of the Dynasties—The Collapse of the Old Order 1905-1922. Mu gihe cy’ibyumweru bike, iyicwa ry’igikomangoma cyo muri Otirishiya ryatumye ibihugu by’u Burayi bikomeye byose byinjira mu ntambara bitifuzaga. Nyuma y’iminsi mike iyo ntambara itangiye, umutegetsi w’u Budage twagereranya na Minisitiri w’Intebe wariho icyo gihe, baramubajije bati “ibi byose byatangiye bite?” Yabashubije ababaye agira ati “yewe, iyo nibura hagira umenya uko byari kuzagenda!” Abayobozi bafashe imyanzuro iteje akaga yatumye iyo ntambara irota, ntibari bazi ko yari kuzateza ingaruka nk’izo yateje. Ariko mu gihe gito abasirikare bari mu myobo bahuye n’uruva gusenya. Baje gutahura ko burya abanyapolitiki babatengushye, abayobozi b’amadini bakababeshya naho abakuru b’ingabo bakabagambanira. Mu buhe buryo? Abanyapolitiki baratengushye, abayobozi b’amadini barababeshya naho abakuru b’ingabo barabagambanira Abanyapolitiki babasezeranyije ko iyo ntambara yari kubugururira inzira igana mu isi nshya kandi nziza kurushaho. Wa mutegetsi wo mu Budage wavuzwe haruguru, yagize ati “turimo turarwanirira imbuto z’amahoro, duharanira umurage wacu ukomeye wo mu gihe cyahise n’uwo mu gihe kizaza.” Woodrow Wilson wari perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, yagize uruhare mu guhimba intero ihumuriza yaje kogera hirya no hino ivuga ko iyo ntambara yari “kuzubaka isi ibereye demokarasi.” Naho mu Bwongereza, abaturage bibwiraga ko iyo ari yo “ntambara yari kuzarangiza intambara zose.” Ariko bose baribeshyaga. Abayobozi b’amadini bashyigikiye intambara byimazeyo. Hari igitabo cyagize kiti “abarindaga ijambo ry’Imana bayoboye abaririmbyi baririmbaga indirimbo zishishikariza abantu kurwana. Intambara bose bishoyemo yatumye bose bangana urunuka” (The Columbia History of the World). Aho kugira ngo abo bayobozi b’amadini barandure urwango, bararukongeje. Hari igitabo cyagize kiti “uretse kuba abayobozi b’amadini barananiwe gushyira imbere ukwizera kwa gikristo ahubwo bagashyira imbere ibihugu byabo, nta n’ubushake bwo kubikora bari bafite. Abenshi muri bo banze kwigora, bumvikanisha ko kuba Umukristo bijyana no gukunda igihugu. Abasirikare bo mu madini yose yiyita aya gikristo batewe inkunga yo kwicana mu izina ry’Umukiza wabo.”—A History of Christianity. Abasirikare bakuru basezeranyije abandi basirikare ko bari bizeye intsinzi mu gihe gito kandi ko urugamba rutari rugoye, ariko si ko byagenze. Nyuma y’igihe gito impande zari zihanganye ku rugamba zararwanye rubura gica. Nyuma yaho abasirikare babarirwa muri za miriyoni bahuye n’icyo umuhanga mu by’amateka yise “ibihe bikomeye kurusha ibindi kandi birangwa n’ubugome abantu bahuye na byo bikabatera ibikomere ku mubiri no mu bwenge.” Nubwo abasirikare bapfaga ari benshi, abakuru babo bakomeje kubahatira kwiroha ku birindiro bizitiwe na senyenge no mu rufaya rw’amasasu. Ntibitangaje rero kuba abasirikare bo hirya no hino ku si barageze aho bakabigomekaho. Ni izihe ngaruka intambara ya mbere y’isi yose yagize ku bantu muri rusange? Hari igitabo cyavuze iby’umusirikare wavuye ku rugerero, wagize ati “iyo ntambara . . . yangije imitekerereze n’imyitwarire y’abantu b’icyo gihe.” Kandi koko, yatumye ubwami butari buke buhirima burundu. Ni yo yabimburiye ikinyejana cyamenetsemo amaraso menshi kurusha ibindi byose mu mateka y’abantu. Kuva icyo gihe, abantu babona ko impinduramatwara n’imyigaragambyo ari ibintu bisanzwe. Salongo Richard Muhabura.rw |
5history
| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/ahantu-buri-munyarwanda-yakwiye-gusura-nibura-rimwe-mu | Ahantu heza buri Munyarwanda yari akwiye gusura ni bura rimwe mu buzima bwose | U Rwanda rumaze kwigaragaza mu ruhando rw’amahanga nk’igihugu cy’ubwiza n’uburanga kamere, gitatswe n’imisozi miremire n’ahantu nyaburanga higanjemo ibibaya n’imisozi myiza, inzuzi, imigezi, ibiyaga, amashyamba n’ibindi byizanyaburanga bitandukanye. Abanyarwanda ubwabo ndetse n’abagenderera u Rwanda hari ahantu nyaburanga bakwiye gusura kugira ngo barusheho kumenya no gucengerwa n’ibyiza bituma iki gihugu gikomeza kuba imparirwa kurusha. Bimwe muri ibi byiza kandi, bigaragaza ko iki gihugu cyihariye. Nyamara ariko, umubare munini w’abasura ibyiza nyaburanga bitatse u Rwanda ni abava hanze y’igihugu ndetse ni nabo bagaragaza ko bafite inyota nyinshi yo kumenya no gushaka kuvumbura ibihishe mu misozi y’iki gihugu U Rwanda rufite uruvangitirane rw’ibinyabuzima n’inyamanswa utapfa gusanga mu bindi bihugu ku buryo Umunyarwanda utarasura cyangwa ngo acume akarenge arebe hirya y’aho atuye ibyiza bihari aba anyazwe bidasubirwaho. Henshi muri aha hantu nyaburanga tugiye kubabwira, kuhasura nta kiguzi bisaba na gitoya ariko usanga Abanyarwanda bahidagadurira ari mbarwa. 1.Ikiraro cyo mu bushorishori bw’ishyamba rya Nyungwe Nyungwe ifite imisozi miremire irimo uwa Bigugu ufite uburebure bwa metero 2950. hari inyoni z’amoko 310 harimo amoko 26 asanzwe amenyerewe. Muri iyi pariki hari urusobe rw’ibindi binyabuzima rw’ingeri zose, inyamanswa ndetse n’ibimera. Muri iyi pariki kandi niho hubatswe ikiraro cyo mu bushorishori kizwi ku izina rya "Canopy Walkway" nacyo kiri mu bikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi mu Rwanda. Iyo ugiye gusura iyi parike kandi, ubasha kubona igihingwa cy’icyayi, kimwe mu bintu bihingwa byiza bigaragaza ubwiza bw’u Rwanda.
2.Kibeho Gusura Kibeho iri ku musozi wa Nyarushishi mu Karere ka Nyaruguru ho Ntara y’Amajyepfo y’u Rwanda byaba kimwe mu bitekerezo byiza byo kurushaho kumenya neza ibijyanye n’amabonekerwa yahabereye mu 1981. Wamenya neza uko Bikiramariya yagiye aganira mu bihe binyuranye n’abakobwa batatu; Alphonsine Mumureke, Natalie Mukamazimpaka na Marie Claire Mukangango bo mu ishuri ryisumbuye ry’ i Kibeho riyoborwa n’ababikira bo mu Muryango wa Benebikira Kibeho ni umujyi muto ariko watoranyijwe ku mugabane wose wa Afurika, ukaba ari wo ushyirwaho ishusho ya Yezu Nyir’Impuhwe ifite uburebure bwa metero esheshatu (6), igapima ibiro magana cyenda na mirongo itanu (950 kg), ubusanzwe igaragara kuri buri mugabane mu yigize isi, muri Afurika ikaba iri i Kibeho. Ni heza, hari amahoteli n’ibindi bikorwa byorohereza ba mukerarugendo kandi hagufasha kugira byinshi wiyungura n’ibyo uhindura mu kwemera kwawe urushaho kwegera Imana mu masengesho. Igihe cyose wahasura ariko bikaba byiza kuhajya kuwa 15 Kanama kuko ari wo munsi mukuru hizihirizwa ijyanwa mu ijuru rya Bikira Mariya hakoraniye imbaga nini y’abantu baba baturutse imihanda yose.
3.Ingoro Ndangamurage ya Nyanza- mu Rukari Ni mu birometero 88 uvuye mu murwa mukuru wa Kigali. Ni mu Mujyi wa Nyanza, aho bakunze kwita mu Rukari; niho hari amateka y’abami, aho utambagizwa ingoro Mutara II Rudahigwa yatuyemo kandi yubatswe mu buryo bwo hambere. Ni ingoro ishamaje yubakishijwe ibikoresho bya Kinyarwanda nk’uko yari imeze mu kinyejana cya 19. Uzashimishwa no kuhasanga inka zifite amahembe maremare z’inyarwanda zizwi ku izina ry’Inyambo, kimwe mu by’ingenzi bigize umuco nyarwanda. Ni ku gasozi gaturanye na Rukari kitwa Mwima, hari umusezero w’Umwami Mutara III n’imva y’umugore we, umwamikazi Rosalie Gicanda.
4.Ibiyaga by’impanga Burera na Ruhondo Ni ibiyaga bihuje amateka n’inkomoko kuko byombi byavutse kubera ibirunga biri mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda. Ibiyaga bya Burera na Ruhondo biherereye mu turere twa Burera na Musanze. Mu ngengero z’ibi biyaga hari amafu adasanzwe y’umuyaga n’ ubuhehera bituruka muri ibi biyaga. Iyo uhagaze kun kike z’ibi biyaga uba witegeye uruhererekane rw’ibirunga bya Muhabura, Bisoke na Gahinga . Utereye amaso hirya ya Burera, ubona imwe mu misozi yo muri Uganda mu bice bya Kisoro ukaba usuye iki gihugu wihagarariye mu misozi y’i Burera. Aka ni agace kadasanzwe k’ubukerarugendo. Ku Munyarwanda kuhasura ntacyo bisaba uretse guhaguruka gusa. 5.Ibere rya Bigogwe Umuntu wese unyuze ku muhanda munini uva Musanze werekeza Rubavu iyo ageze mu Murenge wa Kanzenze ahari uyu musozi muremure witwa "Ibere rya Bigogwe" atangazwa n’uko ari muremure cyane. Uhaciye wese ahavana amakuru avuga ko abasirikare bo hambere bajyaga bahakorera imyitozo yo ku rwego rw’ubuparakomando bawuzamukaho ku migozi. Gusa uhasuye wabiteguye nibwo warushaho kumenya amateka nyayo y’uko uyu musozi uri mu Kagari ka Nyamirango, wiswe gutya mu rwego rwo kuzirikana umukobwa witwaga Nyirabigogwe wahabaye wari ufite amabere ateze nk’uyu musozi. Aha wahasanga bamwe mu bakambwe bari bawuturiye kuva mu 1926, bashobora kukwibwirira imbonankubone uko uyu Nyamirango yakundaga kuharagirira inyana n’uko yaje kuwitirirwa. Uyu musozi w’urutare rurerure ruteye koko nk’ibere, ni kimwe mu byiza nyaburanga utembereye muri aka gace wasura ukazahorana urwo rugendo nk’urwibutso ku mutima.
6.Umusozi wa Makwaza Umusozi wa Makwaza kwa Nyaruzi uherereye mu Karere ka Gisagara mu Murenge wa Mukindo, Kuri ubu uyu musozi wa Makwaza ibyarangaga amateka yaho byose byarasenyutse, ikihasigaye gusa n’inzu ya Kinyarwanda yasenyutse bivugwa ko ariyo yari ingoro y’umwami.
7.Mu “Bisenga bya Nyemana”, habaga ishuri ryigisha abakobwa kwita ku bagabo Isenga rya Nyemana riri mu kagari ka Gihara, mu Murenge wa Runda, ho mu karere ka Kamonyi; niho abakobwa bo muri aka gace bajyaga kwigira kuboha, ndetse abakuze bagahabwa inama zo kwita ku rugo Aha hantu kuri ubu hasibamye kuko nta kihakorerwa, hagaragaramo imbuga zimeze nk’ibyumba, abatuye yafi aho bakaba bavuga ko ariho hari “Urubohero” rw’abakobwa. Ngo barahahuriraga bakiga kuboha imisambi n’ibyibo bakanaganira ku myitwarire izabafasha kwita ku bagabo mu gihe bazaba bashinze ingo za bo.
8.Agace gashyinguwemo abami b’u Rwanda hafi ya bose Mu mateka y’u Rwanda abami bagiraga aho bashyingurwa; hamwe muri ho ni mu Murenge wa Rutare, akagari ka Kigabiro mu Mudugudu wa Nyakavunga hari imva ya Rwabugiri n’umugore we Kanjogera waje kuba umugabekazi ku Ngoma ya Yuhi IV Musinga nyamara usanga nta cyakozwe ngo aho hantu hagirwe ahantu nyaburanga. Bivugwa ko muri aka gace hashyinguye umubare munini w’abami n’abagabekazi b’u Rwanda nubwo nta bimenyetso waheraho ubyemeza uretse ibigabiro bikigaragara muri ako gace. Imva imwe igaragara yubatse neza ni iy’Umwami Kigeli IV Rwabugili nk’uko twabibwiwe na Mukantaganda Mariya umwe mu batuye muri aka gace.
9.Pariki y’Ibirunga Ibi birunga byirengeye mu misozi miremire itatse uturere twa Musanze na Rubavu, hamwe mu hantu hakunda gutemberwa na ba mukerarugendo banyuranye. Ibi birunga by’u Rwanda bihana imbibi n’ibirunga birimo ibyazimye byo muri Congo nka Mikeno, Bisoke na Nyiragongo. Iyi pariki irimo kandi amashyamba y’amoko menshi y’ibihingwa n’ibiti birebire bigize ubwiza n’uburanga bukurura abantu. Muri iyi parike harimo kandi n’ibiyaga birimo icya Burera n’icya Ruhondo hamwe n’indi migezi iteye amabengeza kuyitegera uyireba.
10.Amashyuza Amashyuza ni amazi agaragara mu nkengero z’ikiyaga cya Kivu mu Karere ka Rubavu asohoka mu butaka ashyushye, rimwe na rimwe atogota nk’inkono imaze gufata umuriro. Aya mazi afatwa nka bimwe mu byiza nyaburanga bitatse Akarere ka Rubavu ndetse n’abaturage bakayakoresha nk’ikinyobwa kidasanzwe kuko bemeza ko abavura indwara zinyuranye zirimo n’inzoka zo mu nda kandi ngo amashyuza abavura amavunane, rubagimpande n’izindi ndwara, akaba ari yo mpamvu usanga abantu b’ingeri zose bayidumbaguzamo, abandi nabo bayavoma bayajyana mu rugo. Bamwe mu babasha kuyasura usanga bayotsamo ibiribwa nk’ibijumba, imyumbati, ibitoki byashya bakabisomeza ayo mazi ashyushye.
11.Kwa Gihanga Ngomijana Gihanga Ngomijana wategetse u Rwanda hagati y’1091-1124 hari amazi yakoreshwaga mu kwimika abami b’u Rwanda. U Rwanda rwagiye rutegekwa n’abami batandukanye kuva rwabaho kugeza ubwo abanyamateka babagabanyamo ibyiciro bitatu bakurikije ibihe: Abami b’ibimanuka, abami b’umushumi n’abami b’ibitekerezo. Abami b’Ibimanuka ni abakomoka kuri Shyerezo, Abami b’umushumi ni abatazwi igihe bategekeye n’ibyabaye ku goma zabo, naho Abami b’Ibitekerezo ni Abami bazwi neza igihe bategekeye n’ibyabaye ku ngoma zabo. Abami b’Ibimanuka bahera kuri Shyerezo bakagera kuri Kazi. Naho Abami b’umushumi bahera kuri Gihanga cyahanze Inka n’Ingoma bakagera kuri Cyilima I Rugwe. Abami b’Ibitekerezo ari nabo ba nyuma bahera kuri Kigeli I Mukobanya bakageza ku Mwami wa nyuma w’u Rwanda
12.Ibisi bya Huye Ku ngoma y’umwami Ruganzu II Ndoli, Ibisi bya Huye byari bituwe na Nyagacecuru ntihari mu Rwanda, bituma uyu mwami ajya kuhabohoza akoresheje ingabo ze zitwaga Ibisumizi . Kuva Nyagakecuru yaterwa akanicwa n’ingabo z’Ibisumizi, nta wundi muntu uratura mu bisi bya Huye gusa abafite inyota yo kumenya amateka y’aha hantu barahasura nubwo umuvuduko uri hasi cyane.
13.Ikibuga umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yakiniragaho umupira Iki kibuga umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yakiniragaho umupira w’amaguru kiri mu Murenge wa Rwinkwavu mu Karere ka Kayonza. Benshi mu bagituriye bagifata nk’ameteka akomeye ndetse bake mu Banyarwanda bahazi bahata inzira ibirenge bakajya kuhasura, abazi guconga ruhago bakahaterera umupira.
14.Ikibuye cya Shali Iki kibuye giherereye mu Kagari ka Nyanza mu Murenge wa Ngera, aho bakunda kwita ku “Kibuye cya Shali” bahafata nka hantu nya buranga Icyakora na none, aho ibi bibuye byombi biri ni mu ishyamba ryuzuyemo andi mabuye ariko yo akaba ari mato ugereranije n’uko ibi bibuye bindi bingana.
15.Urutare rwa Kamegeri Uru rutare ruri mu Karere ka Ruhango rufite amateka akomeye; aha niho umutware Kamegeri yatwikiwe ku ngoma y’umwami Mibambwe Sekarongoro Mutabazi nyuma y’aho asabiye iki gihano abanyabyaha. Uru rutare kuva icyo gihe rwahise rumwitirirwa, kandi bivugwa ko kuva icyo gihe rwakomeje gutukura. Binavugwa kandi ko uru rutare rwabagaho nta zina rugira ariko kuva aho rutwikiweho Kamegeri rwakomeje kujya rumwitirirwa mu kwibuka uko yari umutware w’umugome cyane wafataga ibyemezo bikarishye kugeza ubwo urwo yaciriye uwari wagomeye umwami ari we ruhitanye atwikirwa ku rutare.
U Rwanda rufite ahantu nyaburanga henshi Umunyarwanda yasura akihera ijisho ibyiza biri mu rw’imisozi igihumbi . Salongo Richard/MUHABURA.RW |
5history
| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/sobanukirwa-akamaro-ka-bagabekazi-mu-mabanga-y-ibwami | Sobanukirwa akamaro ka bagabekazi mu mabanga y’Ibwami | Amatwara y’ Ingoma-Ngabe aboneka mu bwiru, yavugaga ko iyo Umwami yimaga ,yimanaga na Nyina, Umwana akaba Umwami w’igihugu, undi akaba Umugabekazi wacyo.Umugabekazi yanganyaga ububasha n’Umwami . Ibyemezo byose biyobora igihugu bakabifatira hamwe.Ariko na none nubwo amahame ya Cyami yavugaga ko abagore bose babaga ari ab’umwami ,ntibishaka kuvuga ko umugore w’umwami wese yashoboraga kuba umugabekazi.Umwami yagiraga Umwamikazi umwe ,abandi bakaba inshoreke. Bityo rero Umwamikazi yagiraga aho akomoka akaba ari nawe uzaba umugabekazi ,agategekana n’umuhungu we igihe umwami yabaga yatanze. Amateka agaragaza ko kuva Gihanga yahanga ingoma Nyiginya y’I Gasabo, aha ndavuga ahasaga mu w’1090 kugeza mu w’1124, Abamikazi ari nabo bavagamo Abagabekazi, bagiraga imiryango n’ubwoko bakomokamo.Umuryango bakomokagamo witwaga IBIBANDA .Ibibanda bwari ubwoko bubyara Abagabekazi. Ibibanda biba bine: abo tuvuze batatu bakomoka ku Bimanuka – Abega, Abaha n’Abakono – ubwoko bwa kane bukaba ubwo mu Basangwabutaka aribo Basinga. Abagabekazi ba mbere bavukaga mu miryango y’Abasangwabutaka, b’Abazigaba n’abandi Basinga. Ku Ngoma ya RUGANZU I BWIMBA ahasaga mu w’1312 kugeza mu w’1345, niho habayeho amahinduka.Inzu yose y’abasangwabutaka (Abazigaba n’abasinga bose ) bacibwa ku ngoma ku bera ubugome bagize kuri iyo Ngoma,ntibongera kuvamo Abagabekazi.Icyo gihe Abaha nabo babigenderamo nabo birukanwa gutyo . Ingoma y’Ubugabekazi isigarana Abega n’Abakono bonyine .Kuva icyo gihe Abega barica barakiza, kubera ko ahanini aribo bari igishyitsi gisengasiye Ingoma Nyiginya.Kuko usibye Umwami wenyine wavaga mu Banyiginya, indi mirimo ikomeye yose yagengwaga n’Abega bitewe no kugiramo Umugabekazi,nawe akarwana ishyaka ryo kuzamura bene wabo bityo bagashyigikira ingoma y’umuhungu wabo.Icyo twakongeraho ,nuko Umwami yashoboraga gushaka no mu bundi bwoko ,ariko uwo ashatse yitwaga umugore w’Umwami gusa nta kindi yamaraga ku Ngoma. Iyo Umwami yimaga Ingoma Nyina atakiriho ngo amubere Umugabekazi,Ubwiru bavugaga ko ,bamushakira umugore umwe muri bene wabo wa nyina akamubera Umugabekazi.Icyo gihe bagombaga guhera mu rugo rw’I Bwami bakareba niba mu bagore b’Umwami nta wundi ukomokamo ufitanye isano na nyina.Iyo bamubonagamo niwe bagiraga Umugabekazi,ariko icyo gihe akaba ataragombaga kuba ahetse undi mwana w’umuhungu ukomoka ku Mwami watanze.Iyo ntawe babonaga mu rugo rw’I bwami bajyaga gushaka mu bandi basangiye ubwoko n’umuryango na nyina ariko nabwo buramukiwe no gutanga Abagabekazi Nyuma yaho gato ku Ngoma ya Ruganzu II Ndoli ahasaga mu w’1510, niho yahinduye gahunda y’ubwiru ho gatoya, ashaka Umugabekazi wo mu Basinga, kuko nyina NYABACUZI yari yarapuye.Impamvu yabiteye Bavuga ko ari we wihitiyemo nyina, kandi atari no mu bwoko buramukiwe, kuko yari Umusingakazi, kandi icyo gihe ingoma yari iy’Abakono. Yihitiramo Nyirarumaga, umukobwa w’Abasinga, kandi bari baraciwe ku ngoma na Ruganzu wa mbere Bwimba. Ruganzu Ndoli ibyo ntiyabikurikiza, ahitamo uwo Musingakazi Nyirarumaga, kubera akamaro yari yamugiriye, amuhisha abanzi, akanamucisha muri wa Mwobo w’Inyaga, akazatunguka iRwanda . Icyo gihe afata izina ry ‘Ubugabekazi rya Nyirarumaga Nyiraruganzu. Ibyo ari byo byose, uwo Mugabekazi yagize akamaro cyane, aba Umubyeyi w’U Rwanda, aba n’Umwigisa mukuru warwo. Tukaba twababwira ko Nyirarumaga ariwe watangije inganzo y’Ubusizi mu Rwanda rwacu, atangira ahanga Ibisigo bigufi bitaga “IBINYETO “Nyuma yaho haziraho Ibisigo by’Impakanizi, iby’Ibyanzu, n’iby’Ikobyo. Nyirarumaga ni we wabaye wa nyuma ukomoka mu Basinga kuva kuri Ruganzu Ndoli, Abasinga ntibongeye gusubira ku ngoma. Basimbujwe Abega. MUHABURA .RW |
5history
| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/amateka-ya-rayon-sports | Inkomoko y’ikipe ya Rayon Sports n’inzira z’inzitane zuje amateka ababaje iyi kipe yanyuzemo kuva mu 1960 | Ikipe ya Rayon Sports yatekerejweho mu myaka ya 1990s iza gushingwa mu 1964 ishingirwa mu cyahoze ari Komini Nyabisindu muri Perefegitura ya Butare,ubu ni mu Murenge wa Busasamana,akarere ka Nyanza, mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo. Umupira w’amaguru cyangwa se ruhago mu Rwanda,watangijwe ahahinga mu 1930 utangizwa n’umwami w’ u Rwanda Mutara III Rudahigwa ku bufatanye n’abapadri. Muri icyo gihe habaga amakipe atandukanye ashingiye ku mitwe y’ingabo no kuri zasheferi arimo iyitwaga Amaregure y’ i Nyanza iyi yanakinwagamo n’Umwami Rudahigwa ndetse n’ Amagaju yo mu Bufundu ku mutware Rutaremara. Inkomoko y’izina ’’RAYON SPORTS’’ mu 1995 Nyuma y’ itanga rya Rudahigwa, amenshi muri ayo makipe yarasenyutse,nyuma y’impinduramatwara (revolution) yo muri 1961 yemeje ko ubwami buvuyeho hakaza Repubulika,icyo gihe hatangiye kubaho amakipe ashingiye kuri za komine nka rumwe mu nzego zavutse u Rwanda rukimara kugirwa Republika kuya 25 Nzeri 1961. Icyo gihe umurwa mukuru w’ u Rwanda waje kuva i Nyanza uzanwa i Kigali, ari nako amakipe mashya yakomeje kuvuka agasimbura aya cyera yarashamikiye ku ngoma ya cyami.Bijya gutangira havutse ikipe ya Komine Kiyovu muri Kigali, ikipe ya Komine Nyabisindu muri Nyanza,ikipe ya Komine Mukura ya Astrida (Butare), ndetse hashinzwe n’izinde kipe ariko zitari zikomeye cyane.
Aba ni abasore bakiniraga Rayon Sports yo mu 1992
Ikipe ya Komini Nyabisindu ntabwo yigeze yibonwamo n’abatuye ako gace nk’uko bibonaga mu ikipe y’amaregure,bizagutuma muri 1964 uwari Perezida w’urukiko rw’ikirenga rwa Repubulika y’u Rwanda rwakoreraga i Nyanza, Murego Donati,ashinga ikipe nshya idashingiye ku buyobozi bwa komini, ayita Imirasire. Bigeze mu 1965 Padiri w’umubiligi witwaga Arnot Channoine wayoboraga College Christu umwami ya Nyanza, ikipe Imirasire yahise izina rya “RAYON SPORTS” ryaje kwamamara rikarenga Nyanza, rigakwira ibice byose by’ igihugu, ndetse rikambuka n’imipaka y’ igihugu. Rayon Sports yaje kubona ubuzima gatozi tariki 25 Gicurasi 1968 bityo iba ikipe ya mbere yemewe n’amategeko ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda kuko status yayo yajyanwe kwa noteri wa leta. FERWAFA kwemerwa na FIFA intangiriro y’ibikombe kuri Rayon Sports Uko iminsi yigiraga imbere, Rayon Sports yagendaga irushaho gukundwa cyane n’abanyarwanda batandukanye kuko yari ikipe idashingiye kuri za komini nkuko Kiyovu Sports na Mukura Victory Sports byari bimeze. Ibi ariko byatumaga ifatwa nk’ikipe y’ibwami kuko itajyaga ishyigikira ibyatanya abanyarwanda,ahubwo yo ikareba icyabunga. Ibintu byaje gukomera kuri iyi kipe, ubwo Murego Donati washinze Rayon Sports yari uwa kabiri mu byubahiro nyuma ya Perezida wa Repubulika yaje gufungwa kubera impamvu za politike kuko bivugwa ko atari ashyigikiye Perezida Kayibanda kuri politike ye yahezaga bamwe mu banyarwnda, ibi ngo byatumye Rayon Sports isa nk’iyibuze ukuboko kw’ iburyo kwayo kuko yatangiye guhura n’ibibazo bitandukanye. Gusa ngo uku gufungwa kw’uyu mugabo wayishinze akanayikinira kwanatumye iyi kipe isa niyihuye n’ibyo bibazo,yakomeje gufashwa n’abacuruzi b’ i Nyanza bakoreragayo ndetse nabari baraje muri Kigali ku mpamvu z’ubucuruzi. Ibi byaje gutuma Rayon Sports itwara champiyona ya mbere yemewe na FIFA na CAF muri 1975 kuko nibwo FERWAFA yemewe na FIFA,ku ikubitiro bituma ariyo ihabwa igikombe maze hahita haba ibirori by’agatangaza byo kukishimira ku bakunzi bayo no kuba nye-Nyanza by’ umwihariko bihebeye iyi kipe yabaga i Nyanza muri icyo gihe.Urugendo rw’ ubushongore n’ ubukaka mu kibuga rwatangiriye aho muri 1975 kugeza na nubu doreko ifite ibigwi n’ ibirindiro buri kipe yakwifuza.
Aha Abakinnyi ba Rayon Sports bari mu mwiherero i Kavumu i Nyanza
Rayon Sports yakomeje gutwara ibindi bikombe birimo igikombe cy’ igihugu cyari cyaritiriwe uwari Perezida wa repubulika, Habyarimana Juvenal,Trophe President Habyarimana cyangwa bakakita Coupe du 5 Juillet nk’itariki Habyarimana yari yarafatiyeho ubutegetsi.umukino wa nyuma w’icyo gikombe wabaga tariki 5 Nyakanga buri mwaka.Rayon Sports akaba ariyo kipe yatwaye ibyo bikombe kurusha izindi zari zihanganye muri ibyo bihe. Rayon Sports kandi yongeye gutwara igikombe cya championa muri 1981 ubwo batwaraga igikombe badatsinzwe umukino n’umwe. Umwaka wakurikiyeho wa 1982,Rayon Sports yaje kuba ikipe ya mbere yasohokeye igihugu mu irushanwa ry’amakipe yabaye aya mbere iwayo (League des Champions de la CAF) kuko yari yatwaye champiyona mu 1981. Icyo gihe kandi Mukura VS niyo yari yasohotse mu irushanwa ry’amakipe yatwaye ibikombe iwayo (Coupe de la CAF des Vainqueurs des Coupes) aho yari yatwaye igikombe cy’ igihugu cyo kuwa 5 Nyakanga 1981.Bityo Rayon Sports na Mukura nizo kipe za mbere zasohokeye igihugu mu marushanwa ya CAF. Ukwimuka i Nyanza ijya i Kigali aho yabatirijwe ’’Gasenyi’’ Nyuma yo gutwara igikombe cya Champiyona ya 1981,Rayon Sports yaje kwimukira i Kigali bitewe n’ikibazo cy’amikoro cyari gikomeje gukomera, bityo abacuruzi bavuka i Nyanza bifuza ko ikipe yazanwa muri Kigali bakayitaho bayibona hafi yabo.Gusa aho muri Kigali, Rayon Sports yahagiriye ubuzima buvanze burimo ubwiza n’ububi aho yaje ihasanga abakeba nka Kiyovu Sports yaje kwita Rayon Sports,Gasenyi kubera ko muri za 1980s yatewe inkunga na RWANDEX yatunganyaga ikawa,bityo ibisigazwa byayo byitwa Gasenyi nibyo bitiriye iyi kipe yambara ubururu n’umweru. Icyo gihe kandi undi mukeba wa Rayon Sports yari Panthere noire ikipe ya FAR (abahoze ari abasirikare b’igihugu cy’u Rwanda), iyi kipe yabaga muri camo kigali yo yagiye idacana uwaka n’abafana ba Rayon Sports aho babakubitaga muri Camp Kigali binatuma hava indirimbo yitwa “MURERA” ubwo babaga baburira abafana ko ibikurikira ari bibi. Rayon Sports yo muri 1980s kugeza 1994 yabayeho nabi inanizwa cyane dore ko Panthere Noire na Kiyovu Sports zari ku ibere muri iyo myaka. Ukuza kwa Raul Shungu intangiriro y’ubushongore n’ubukaka kuri Gikundiro Mbere ya 1994 Rayon Sports yakoze amateka akomeye cyane aho yaje kuba ikipe ya mbere ikuye igikombe hanze y’igihugu,urugero nko muri 1989 yatwaye igikombe cya BRARUDI mu rwego rwo kwizihiza yubile ya Vital’O y’ imyaka 25. Iryo rushanwa ryarimo amakipe nka Vital’O na Inter Stars z’ i Burundi ndetse na Rayon Sports na Kiyovu Sports zo mu Rwanda. Iryo rushanwa ryarangiye ku mukino wa nyuma Rayon Sports itsinze kiyovu Sports 1-0 kinjijwe na Sembagare Jean Chrysostome bakundaga kwita Semba Semba wa Semba.Uyu Sembagare yaje gutwara Ballon d’ Or yo muri 1990 ariyo rukumbi yatanzwe mu Rwanda. Iryo rushanwa ryabaye intangiro yo kubaka ikipe ikomeye yatozwaga n’umukongomani Raul Shungu Jean Pierre wari umaze kuva muri Espoir y’ i Cyangugu muri 1989. Iyo kipe ya Raul Shungu yagiye ayizanamo abanyamahanga barimo abakongomani yavanaga muri Espoir no mu yandi makipe yo muri Congo, ndetse azana n’abanyarwanda bazi umupira nka Gasangwa Celestin bitaga Tigana wavuye muri Mukura Victory Sports. Rayon Sports yakomeje kujya itwara ibikombe by’ iguhugu bituma isohokera igihugu,aho muri 1994 yaje kugera muri 1/8 cya Coupe de la CAF des Vainqueurs des Coupes cyaje kuba CAF Confederation Cup, aho tariki ya 6 Werurwe 1994 yaje gutsinda Al Hilal yo muri Sudan ibitego 4-1,bihita ibitego 5-3 mu mikino yombi. Iyo nsinzi yabonetse imbere y’ abafana barenga ibihumbi 35 aho kugeza ubu ariwo mukino warebwe n’abantu benshi mu mateka mu Rwanda kuko bari buzuye Stade Amahoro barinda no kwicara naho haruzura. Nyuma y’umukino mu minsi yakurikiye Rayon Sports yiteguruga gukina na Kenya Breweries,iyi kipe yaje kwakirwa na Perezida Habyarimana kuri Hotel ye ku Irebero basangira ibinyobwa n’ inyama bishimira ko Rayon Sports yatsinze Al Hilal yo muri Sudani. Muri uwo muhango wo kwakira Rayon Sports, Perezida Habyarimana yatangije ubukangurambaga bwo kugurira Rayon Sports imodoka ya Munibus ya miliyoni 5 aho abayobozi b’ igihugu n’abaherwe bicyo gihe bitanze. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 1994 yasenye Rayon Sports Ibyo bateganyaga gukora birimo no kugurirwa iyo modoka ntibyagezweho kuko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 1994 yaje gutangira birangira hangiritse byinshi aho ubuzima bw’ igihugu bwasubiye hasi tubura abantu n’ ibintu. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 1994 yagize ingaruka zikomeye kuri Rayon Sports zirimo kubura abafana benshi, abayobozi, abakinnyi ndetse no kuva mu marushanwa nyafurika yahabwaga amahirwe yo kugera kure nyuma yo gutsinda Al hilal yari igihangange muri Afurika. Amateka avuga ko kuba Rayon Sports yaritwaga ikipe y’ Abatutsi cyangwa ikipe y’Abanyenduga byayigizeho ingaruka muri Repubulika ya 2 yaje gutegura ikanakora Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Nyuma ya 1994 iyi kipe yaje guhabwa agatazirano ka Gikundiro kubera abafana benshi bayikunda, yaje gutangira mu buzima bugoye aho abakinnyi bamwe bari barajyanye na Shungu muri Inter Stars y’ i Burundi, gusa abakinnyi basigaye barihuje batangiza Rayon Sports ya nyuma ya 1994 aho batangiye gukina imikino ya gishuti n’amarushanwa. Rayon Sports yabonye umukeba anatuma Shampiyona y’u Rwanda iryoha Nyuma ya Jenoside, Rayon Sports yakomeje kugenda itera imbere itwara ibikombe aho yaje kugira ikipe bihanganiye igikombe ariyo APR FC (Ikipe y’ingabo z’u Rwanda zabohoye igihugu),binatuma shampiyona y’u Rwanda igira akanovera mu bayikurikirana hakiyongeraho na Kiyovu Sports ykomeje kuba umukeba wa Rayon Sports kugeza muri 2004.
Rayon Sports yo muri iyi minsi ikipe ikundwa n’abantu batandukanye haba mu Rwanda no hanze yarwo
Rayon Sports na APR FC zihariye ibigwi nyuma ya 1994 aho aya makipe akunda guhuzwa na FERWAFA cyagwa agahurira mu irushanwa ryateguwe na Leta, iyo ahuye abafana ku mpande zombi baba bakubita agatoki ku kandi ngo ni nde utsinda undi bigatuma uba umukino usiga ibyishimo kuri bamwe ukanatuma shampiyona iryoha. Mu kwezi kw’Ukuboza 1997 yaje gutwara igikombe cya CECAFA iba ikipe ya mbere yo mu Rwanda igitwaye byakurusho igikura hanze nyuma yo gutsinda Murandenge ya Zanzibar ibitego 2- 1 bya Gatete Jimmy na Billy.Rayon Sports kandi muri 1996 yaje kwakira APR FC iyitsinda 5-2, yongera kubisubiramo muri 1997. Amateka yayo yakomeje kugenda yiyongera aho muri 2018 yabaye ikipe ya mbere ikomoka muri East Africa yageze muri ¼ cy’amarushanwa nyafurika inakomeza gutwara ibikombe bya champiyona ndetse n’iby’Amahoro. Abakinnyi b’ ingenzi batazibagirana mu mitima y’abakunzi ba Rayon Sports harimo:Murego Donati, Fatikaramu, Tigana, Sembagare, Munyurangabo, Aimme Dollar, Misili, Lisala Tanganyika, Djuma Pala, Murangwa, Kanyandekwe, Murenzi Kassim, Kayiranga, Mbusaa kombi, Habimana Chrysostome, Gatete, Milenda, Kawembe, Cedrick, Bitana, Witakenge, Mudeyi Nazaire, Bokota, Kasirye, Sina, Mackenzie, Kanombe, Katawuti, Kalisa Claude, Kalisa Kase, Sumayile Musa, Mbanze Jonathan, Muyambo Cacala, Abubaba, Pierrot, Diarra, Muhamud Mosse, n’ abandi. Ibikombe bya Champiyona yatwaye ndetse n’imyaka yabitwayemo ni icyenda (9):1975, 1981, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2004, 2012/2013, 2016/2017, 2018/2019 Yatwaye kandi ibikombe by’ igihugu icyenda (9) :1976, 1979, 1982, 1989, 1993, 1995, 1998, 2005, 2016 inatwara igikombe kimwe gihuza ikipe yatwaye Shampiyona n’ikipe yatwaye icy’igihugu cyangwa icy’amahoro (Super Cup y’u Rwanda ) mu 2017
ndetse na CECAFA imwe (1) mu 1998. Ibi bikombe kandi byiyongeraho ibindi yagiye itwara mu marushanwa atandukanye abera hano mu gihugu nk’igikombe cyo kwizihiza imyaka 100 umujyi wa Kigali wari umaze ubayeho(Kigali 100 Jubilee Cup), igikombe cy’Agaciro, icy’Intwali,icya PRIMUS, BRARUDI, fezabet, icyo kurwanya ruswa ndetse n’ibindi. Chief Editor/MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/inkomoko-y-amwe-mu-mazina-nka-biryogo-na-mugandamure-yagiye | Inkomoko y’amazina nka Biryogo na Mugandamure yahawe insisiro zituwemo n’abayisiramu,urwango rw’abakoloni | Abenshi bavutse basanga ahantu hatandukanye mu gihugu hari insisiro usanga ziganjemo abayisilamu ndetse zikaba zitwa n’amazina runaka nka Biryogo,Mugandamure,Buswahilini,Majengungu ndetse n’ahandi umuntu akaba yakibaza aho yakomotse kugira ngo yitwe gutyo.Ariko amateka agaragaza ko ayo mazina yabayeho kubera akato abakoloni b’ababiligi bari barahaye idini ya Islamu mu Rwanda. Mu mateka Umuyobozi w’umuryango w’abayisilamu mu Rwanda (RMC) Mufuti w’u Rwanda Sheikh Hitimana Salimu yasangije abantu bari bitabiriye igikorwa cy’amarushanwa yo gusoma igitabo gitagatifu Koro’an,cyabaye mu kwezi gushize kwa Kanama aho yagaragaje amavu n’amavuko y’amwe mu mazina y’insisiro usanga zituwemo n’abayisilamu benshi. Ayo mazina burya ngo ntabwo yabayeho ku bw’ineza cyangwa ubushake bw’abayisilamu bo muri ibyo bihe ahubwo yagiyeho mu rwego rwo kubaheza mu muryango mugari w’abenegihugu mu gihe cy’abakoloni b’ababiligi. Sheikh Hitimana yagaragaje ko Islamu imaze imyaka 125 kuko yageze mu Rwanda mu 1895 gusa yashinze imizi mu 1913 ubwo hari hamaze kubakwa umusigiti wa mbere mu mujyi wa Kigali umusigiti wa Madina ahitwaga ku matongo. Isilamu yemewe n’amategeko mu 1964 ubwo hashingwaga umuryango w’abayisilamu mu Rwanda bawita AMUR mu magambo ahinye uhabwa ubuzimagatozi n’iteka rya Minisitiri ryo kuwa 13 Gicurasi 1964. Uyu muyobozi yavuze ko abayisilamu babangamiwe cyane mu gihe cy’abakoloni b’ababirigi kugeza n’ubwo abo bakoroni baciye iteka 1920 ryo gushyira abayisilamu ahantu hamwe mu nkambi cyangwa se kaswahili bishatse kuvuga inkambi zituyemo abantu biganjemo abayisilamu. Sheikh Hitimana akomeza agira ati ”Nibwo abayisilamu bashyirwaga mu nsisiro dusanga hirya no hino mu gihugu nka Biryogo,Nyanza (Mugandamure),Rwamagana (Buswahilina),I Ngoma,Gatsibo (Kiramuruzi) n’ahandi . Hagamijwe kubaheza no kubavangura n’abandi banyarwanda.iryo teka ryabuzaga abayisilamu gutemberera mu gituragi ndetse rikanabuza abacuruzi kujya gucururiza mu masoko yo mugituragi” |
5history
| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/inkuru-y-urukundo-ibabaje-iri-mu-mateka-y-u-rwanda | Inkuru y’urukundo ibabaje iri mu mateka y’u Rwanda wagereranya nizo wabonye muri za Filimi z’urukundo | Mu buvanganzo bwo mu indimi zitandukanye zo mu bihugu bigize isi, hibandamo by’umwihariko inkuru z’urukundo hagati y’abagabo n’abagore. Hari ibintu bibiri izi nkuru z’urukundo, akenshi ziba ari impimbano, ziba zihuriyeho. bitewe n’icyo umuntu yakwita intsinzi y’urukundo igerwaho n’abakundana (uw’igitsinagabo n’igitsinagore) nyuma y’urugendo rurerure rw’urukundo rwuje ibigeragezo aba bombi bombi bacamo bakabirenga bakanambanaho ntihagire uhemukira undi kabone n’ubwo rimwe na rimwe baba bashobora no kuhasiga ubuzima. inkuru y’urukundo itari impimbano, iri mu mateka y’u Rwanda, wagereranya na zimwe mu zo ushobora kuba warasomye, warumvise, wahagazeho, warabariwe cyangwa ukaba warayibonye muri filimi. Iyi yasize umugani uzwi cyane mu Rwanda, ivugwamo umwana w’umwami Rujugira wakunze umukobwa wo muri rubanda rugufi Kalira wari umaze igihe gito ashyingiwe, akamurongora maze yamugeza mu rugo ise Yuhi II Mazimpaka na we akamukunda, akamumwambura akamurongora gusa abakuru bakaza kumvisha Mazimpaka ko akwiye kurekera umuhungu we Rujugira maze akabyemera agononwa. Icyo navuga iyi nkuru ihuriyeho ko n’izindi nyinshi z’urukundo ni uko na yo irangira ibabaje ukurikije uburyo Rujugira yakunze Kalira akiri umuntu usanzwe nyamara yamara kuba umwami, ntibabashe gukomeza kubana ngo akomeze akundane yibanire mu munyenga w’urukundo n’umugore yari yarakundwakaje umwe ari umwami undi ari umugabekazi byari no gutuma wenda nyuma y’aho Kalira yari kuzavamo umugabekazi. Mbere y’uko nkugezaho iyi nkuru ariko, ndagira ngo mbanze nkubwire abantu batatu b’ingenzi b’ingenzi bayivugwamo abo bari bo. Uwa mbere ni Rujugira. Uyu yari igikomangoma ariko cyaje kuba umwami nyuma ahabwa izina rya Cyilima ryahabwaga `Abami b’inka’. Nkuko urutonde rw’abami bategetse u Rwanda rwashyizwe ahagaragara na Musenyeli Alegisi Kagame mu gitabo cye yise `Un abrege de l’Ethno Histoire du Rwanda’ rubigaragaza, Cyilima II Rujugira ni umwami wategetse u Rwanda kuva mu mwaka wa 1675 kugeza mu wa 1708 akaba ari umwami wa 19 kuri uru rutonde, ubariyemo n’abami b’imishumi. Cyilima II Rujugira azwiho kuba yarategetse u Rwanda mu gihe rwari rwugarijwe cyane n’ibihugu byari birukikije birimo by’umwihariko u Burundi, u Bugesera bwari butaraba ubw’u Rwanda, i Ndorwa n’ibindi bitewe n’uko byari byarishyize hamwe ngo bimurwanye . Cyilima Rujugira azwiho kuba ari we wavuze ijambo rikomeye riha Abanyarwanda akanyabugabo, rigira riti “ U Rwanda ruratera ntiruterwa”. Undi uvugwa muri iyi nkuru, ni Kalira. Nkuko Mulihano Benedigito abivuga, mu gitabo yise `Ibirari by’Insigamigani’ cya mbere, Kalira yari umukobwa wo muri rubanda rugufi gusa ngo yarushaga uburanga abakobwa bose bari mu Rwanda mu gihe ibivugwa muri iyi nkuru byabaga. Kalira azahora yibukwa mu mateka y’u Rwanda kubera uburyo yabengutswe ndetse akarongorwa n’abami babiri byanatumye ahabwa izina rya ``Rwabami’’. Uyu kandi aba bami bamurongoye bamwatse undi mugabo bari bamaze igihe gito bashyingiwe bataranabyarana. Uwa gatatu w’ingenzi uvugwa muri iyi nkuru, ni Yuhi III Mazimpaka. Mazimpaka uyu ni umwami watwaye u Rwanda kuva mu mwaka wa 1642 kugeza mu wa 1675 nkuko igitabo cya Alexis Kagame cyavuzwe haruguru kibigaragaza. Yuhi Mazimpaka azwiho kuba ari umwami wari ufite uburanga buhebuje gusa na none akaba azwi nk’umwami wagiraga amakaburo uburwayi bwo mu mutwe bw’umwami , bwanatumye yica umuhungu we , Musigwa, yakundaga cyane ku manywa y’ihangu amwikanzemo umujura, byanatumye asiga igisigo cyamamaye cyane cyitwa `Singikunda ukundi’ dore ko uyu mwami yari n’umusizi w’umuhanga cyane . Iyi nkuru ivugwamo urukundo rwa Rujugira n’umugore witwaga Kalira ariko rutarambye. Uwo mugore Kalira ngo yari mwiza cyane, kuruta abagore n’abakobwa bariho icyo gihe; ariko akaba uwo muri rubanda rugufi. Se yari umwega w’umuhenda, akitwa Banyaga ba Gahenda, ari mu rwego rw’abakene. Kalira rero amaze kuba inkumi arasabwa na none muri rubanda rugufi. Hashize iminsi arashyingirwa, umuhungu wamurongoye yari yarapfushije nyina, amaze kurongora na se arapfa, asigarana n’umugore we na murumuna we bakurikirana. Nuko Kalira arakundwakara cyane. Bukeye umugabo we abwira murumuna we ati: Ndagira ngo ngusabire nawe urongore, ejo tutazamara inka ntaragushyingira nkaba ngize nabi ari jye wasigaye mu mwanya w’ababyeyi bacu. Murumuna we aramuhakanira; ati: Dufite inka nkeya cyane, kandi dufite umugore utadukwiye, nimara kurongora tuzagabana turiya duka, mukeba we tumukamire izo Kalira yari yihariye bazikamane bizatume anywa umujago ananuke, maze abantu bajye baducaho umugani, ngo twabonye umugore tunanirwa kumutunga, ndetse nibirimba bamudutware, kuko tumukenesheje; ati: "Ku bwanjye reka dutunge Kalira tumukamire inka zacu zose, nizimara kugwira uzabone kunshakira tubone no kugabana’’. Bemeranywa batyo. Nuko bibaho, hashize igihe gito, Rujugira ajya guhiga, ahigukana mu karere Kalira yashyingiwemo. Ageze hafi y’urugo rwabo aruhukira mu biti by’ iminyinya byari inyuma y’umuharuro. Ubwo umugabo wa Kalira n’umugabo wabo bari bashokeye inka zabo. Rujugira ahagera amaze gusonza; impamba ye yari yashize. Abwira umusore umutwaje itabi ngo ajye kumutekerera. Uwo muhungu ageze mu rugo Kalira arimo asanga inyana zavuye mu biraro zikina mu rugo; yagerageza uko yazisubizamo bikamunanira kuko yafataga imwe akayishyira mu kiraro agakinga; yongera gushukashuka indi ayisangisha iya mbere: yakingura iyabanje mu kiraro ikisohokera. Zikomeza kumurushya zityo, uwo mugaragu wa Rujugira abibonye aramufasha bazishyira mu biraro. Bazipfundikira ubwatsi, barangije, Kalira amubaza aho aturutse. Undi amubwira ko ari kumwe n’umwana w’umwami Rujugira, akaba aje kumutekerera itabi. Kalira ati: Ngwino mbanze nguhembe kuko wamfashije umurimo wari wananiye. Amujyana mu nzu amuha amata, amaze kunywa ashyira Rujugira itabi. Amubajije icyamutindije undi ati: Icyantindije iyo aba ari wowe wakibonye nk’uko nakibonye ntiwagisigaga! Rujugira ati: “Ese wabonye kintu ki?“ Amutekerereza ukuntu yabonye umukobwa mwiza cyane, kandi w’umunyangeso nziza. Mbese aramumuratira binonosoye. Rujugira amatsiko amutera koroherwa. Asubizayo uwo muhungu ngo ajye kumuvunyishiriza. Aragenda abwira Kalira ati: "Rujugira ngo aragusaba aho yugama izuba." Undi ati: Genda umubwire aze aryugame. Rujugira aragenda, Kalira amubonye ati: Ngo wugame. Arahaguruka bararamukanya. Asubira inyuma y’inzugi aho bari bashyize intebe aricara. Kalira na we yicara imbere y’inzugi mu kirambi. Baganira batarebana. Rujugira yicwa n’amatsiko yo kumureba neza, Kalira na we agatinya kumubwira ngo amuhe amata, kandi abona ashonje. Yibwiraga ati “naturuka he kubwira umwana w’umwami ngo Ngwino nguhe amata, kandi ntari umuntu uzwi! Uko Rujugira yifuza kubona Kalira ni na ko Kalira yifuzaga gufungurira Rujugira, kuko yabonaga ko akeneye kubona icyo yanywa. Nuko bikomeza bityo, bose bagisha imitima inama y’icyo bashobora gukora kugira ngo bombi bagere ku cyo bifuza. Bitinze Rujugira aramubwira ati: Ndashaka kugusezeraho, kandi nagushimiye cyane kuko wanyakiriye neza ukanganiriza singire irungu, ati: Ariko kandi niyemeje kuguha ibihembo bikomeye; maze rero nkaba ngusabye ko wanyiyereka nkakureba kandi ukambwira n’izina ryawe n’iry’umugabo wawe, nkagenda menye uwangiriye neza uwo ari we; ati: Kandi n’uwo nzaguhera ibihembo nkazamubwira uwo abinshyikiririza. Kalira aramusubiza ati: Ibyo unsabye byose ndabigukorera, ariko nanjye icyo ngusaba unyemerere ukimpe. Rujugira arabyemera. Kalira akenyera uruhu rwe neza, arakondora amusanga mu muryango. Undi arahaguruka bararamukanya. Rujugira aramukomeza, Kalira yashaka kwiyunyugushura ngo yisubirire mu kirambi, undi akanga; ati: Guma aha tuganire turebana, kandi niwanga ukajya mu kirambi turahajyana. Kalira bimushobeye aremera aguma mu mulyango, noneho Rujugira arakunda amwitegereza neza; aramubenguka. Kalira abonye ko umwana w’umwami yamukunze, aramubwira, ati: Dore ibyo wantegetse nabyemeye; none na we ndagusaba unyemerere nguhe amata kuko nta nzoga mfite. Nusanga ari mabi uyareke, kandi ninyaguhera mu kitoze na bwo ntuyanywe! Rujugira kuko yari yamukunze birengutse, aramwemerera. Nuko Kalira aragenda asuka amata aramuhamagara, undi amusanga mu kirambi arayakira. Kugira ngo yereke Kalira ko yamukunze cyane, aramubwira ati : Ngwino dusangire nkwereke ko ari nta gasuzuguro ngufitiye. Kalira aramwemerera barasangira. Barangije kunywa, Rujugira arasohoka, ahamagara abagaragu be batatu, abatuma ku batware batatu begeranye n’aho Kalira ari, ngo bamwoherereze ingobyi n’abahetsi bo kumuheka kuko arwariye mu nzira. Abantu baragenda bavuga ubutumwa. Abahetsi barashakwa baraboneka. Babohereza n’ingobyi. Bakiri mu nzira, abagabo ba Kalira bakukira inka. Bageze hafi y’iwabo babona agaharuro kabo kuzuyeho abantu; baza bikandagira, bibaza icyahabaye. Bahageze bababwira ko bari kumwe na Rujugira. Bajya mu rugo batura amazi bakukanye imbere y’umuryango. Binjira mu nzu baramukanya na Rujugira. Baratambuka basuhuza Kalira. Ubwo abahetsi baba basesekaye mu rugo n’ingobyi. Rujugira arababwira ati: "Nimukure imijishi mu ngobyi muyitambukane, mushyiremo umuntu musanga mu kirambi mumuheke tugende izuba rimaze guhumba." Kalira n’umugabo we n’umugabo wabo babyumvise barikanga bagwa mu kantu. Ubwo abahetsi batambukana ingobyi, banaguriramo Kalira. Abagabo be bagize ngo baratera amahane barabafata. Kalira baramuheka ariko afite agahinda n’amarira menshi; ababajwe n’uko ataye abagabo be mu rujijo. Rujugira abonye ingobyi ya Kalira imaze kurenga abwira ba bagabo be, ati: “Ndabaha inka iminani ibiri n’umusozi maze muwutureho, mwishakire abandi bagore, na ho uriya we ndamubatwaye!” Abahungu baranga, bihuta bajya ku Ijuru rya Komonyi, kuregera Mazimpaka. Nuko Rujugira ajyana Kalira, amugejeje iwe atumira bene se n’inshuti ze, ngo bamutahire ubukwe, ngo bamuzanire n’inzoga zo kumutwerera. Abantu benshi barashika: abagore, abakobwa n’ abasore n’abana. Byose bimaze kwegerana, Rujugira ababwira icyo yabatumiriye ati: Uyu munsi nabonye umugeni unteye ubwuzu mu mutima, none nabatumiriye kumbera abakwe ngo twishimane. Abatekerereza uko yamwambuye umugabo we, kandi ariko akaba yagiye ibwami kurega. Igitaramo kiratangira, abagore n’abakobwa basanga Kalira, abagabo bato n’abakuru bateranira ikambere hamwe na Rujugira; ijoro bararikesha barabyukurutsa, ibirori birangiye abataha barataha. Rujugira asigarana n’umugore we Kalira. Ubukwe butaha butyo. Bimaze iminsi haza intumwa yo kwa Mazimpaka, ngo Rujugira naze yitabe ibwami. Arahaguruka ajya kwitaba se. Agezeyo aramutonganya; kuko yagize urugomo akambura umuntu umugore we. Rujugira abaza se ati: "Mbese ni cyo mwantumiriraga?" Undi ati: "Nta kindi, subiza umunyarwanda umugore we." Rujugira aratakamba ati: "Aho kumurekura ahubwo mumushyingire umugeni mwari mwarangeneye, ariko mundekere uwo musumbakazi; ati: Kandi namuhaye inka cumi n’esheshatu zo kumuriha izo yakoye arazanga." Mazimpaka abaza uwo muhungu ati: Ntiwakwemera ko ngushyingira undi mugeni wishakiye mu bari mu rugo rwanjye cyangwa ahandi waba umuzi, nkaguha n’inka n’imisozi, bikaba ingurane z’uwo mugore wawe Rujugira yatwaye ? Umuhungu ati: Nyagasani ibyo byose mubireke ariko munsubize umugore wanjye. Mazimpaka atangira kwibaza uko uwo mugore wabaye ikotaniro asa. Aramutumiza, Rujugira aramurimbisha aramuribagiza; baramuheka ajya ibwami. Mazimpaka amubonye asanga ni mwiza wese; na we aramubenguka cyane ati: “Uyu mugeni akwiye umwami; mwese ndamubatse!” Umugabo wa mbere wa Kalira abwira Mazimpaka ati: Umugeni ndamutanze arko nimuntegeke uko mbaye. Mazimpaka ati: N’ubundi nari nakubwiye ko nguha inka n’imisozi nkagushyingira aba ari wowe wanga. Undi ati: ”Noneho ndabyemeye.” Bamuha ibyo bamusezeranije areguka. Ariko na Rujugira ntiyatahana Kalira, asigaranwa na Mazimpaka. Umuhungu we abibonye atyo kuva ubwo yanga kurya yanga kunywa; ananirwa gusinzira kubera kwibuka Kalira bamwambuye amanzaganya. Abantu bakuru babibonye barikora bajya ibwami. Babaza Mazimpaka icyamuteye kwambura umwana kizira; bati: Kuki uwo mugore utamushubije uwamurongoye, kandi ntumurekere Rujugira wamwishumbakarije, ahubwo ukamwitwarira, none umuhungu wawe akaba agiye kwicwa n’agahinda! Mazimpaka ati: Nanze kubatera ishyari mubanyaga bombi Bati: ”None se ko umwe wamuhaye umusozi, ukamuha inka n’umugeni bikaba indishyi undi we abaye ate?” Bati: “Wihemukira umwana musubize umugore yironkeye.” Nuko Mazimpaka abuze uko abigira, aremera yohereza Kalira kwa Rujugira ndetse n’abakwe n’ibishyingiranwa byinshi. Ariko akajya amara iminsi akajya guhakwa na sebukwe kuko yari yarabitegetse Rujugira; gusa yagenda ntaze ubusa, akazana inka nyinshi; ndetse bituma Rujugira atona kuri se cyane, aragwa Kalinga, ngo azabe ari we uba umwami w’u Rwanda. Ubwo Kalira bamwita Rwabami, kuko yashatswe na Mazimpaka ari umwami, kandi n’umugabo we Rujugira akaragwa ubwami. Ubwo rero yabaye umugore w’abami babiri. Yarakundwakaye cyane birengutse, aruta bakeba be bose, abyarana na Rujugira umuhungu witwaga Sharangabo (sekuruza w’Abasharangabo) n’umukobwa witwaga Mulikanwa. Tubibutse ko Sharangabo uyu ari we wabyaye Bajeyi na we waje gusiga umugani. Aho rero Rujugira amariye kumukukana no kuragwa ubwami, ifuha rya se Mazimpaka rituma acika mu Rwanda atarima ingoma. Yamuhunze amaze kumwicira imfizi, atinya ko yamukurikiza undi muhungu we witwaga Musigwa; uwo yakurijeho igisigo cyitwa. Singikunda ukundi: Nkunda ibyo nkuze ntibinkundire; aho kunkunda birankuka bikajya i Kamagoma gukungika iyo kure; Gukunda ikitagukunda ni imvura igwa mu ishyamba. Ubwo ngo muri iyo minsi Rujugira yatirimukiye mu rugo rwa se asohotse imfizi ya Mazimpaka yarubagamo ihagarara ku ruhamo rw’umuryango imubuza kugenda. Abuze uko abigenza ayitera icumu, kugira ngo imubise agende, hato Mazimpaka atamusanga aho akamugira nk’uw’ejo. Amaze kuyigusha ajya kubwira Kalira ibyago agize; ati: None ibyiza ni ugucika. Nuko Kalira akora ku mwana wabo Sharangabo na gashiki ke Mulikanwa ashaka inzoga mu gacuma, itabi, urushingo, inkono idakwikiye n’umuheha udasohoye, ashyira mu gaseke, akorera umugaragu wabo Ndabaramiye wari utuye i Gihinga na Ruzege, bashyira nzira. Bageze mu Bihembe bya Rugalika, Rujugira ati: Mfite inyota. Umugore aramuseka, ati: Ko tutazi aho amazi ari muri iri shyamba ubona byagenda bite? Avana inzoga mu gaseke aramuha. Rujugira arasoma ariruhutsa, ati: Uwampa n’agatabi. Kalira akora mu gaseke azana itabi aramuha. Rujugira ati: “Ko nta nkono y’itabi mfite?” Kalira azana ya yindi idakwikiye n’umuheha udasohoye. Rujugira ati: Uyu muheha udasohoye twawunywesha dute? Kalira azana icyuma gica inzara barawubaza, bakaraga urushingo baracana. Bamaze kuruhuka bakomeza urugendo berekeza iy’i Bugesera n’i Gisaka. Bishyize kera iby’imihango y’ibwami byo kwimika uzasimbura Mazimpaka birabyuka; Bimika Karemera Rwaka. (Iryo zina rya Karemera, si ryo mu mazina ya cyami y’i Rwanda; ni Ruganzu Ndoli warivanye i Karagwe k’Abahinda, ku ngoma y’umwami wabo Karemera Ndagara ya Ruhinda, amushimira ko yamuhishe akamurera akamukuza; undi amusezeranya ko azamushimira iyo neza ashyira izina rye mu y’ubwami bw’i Rwanda). Karemera Rwaka amaze kugera ku ngoma arahuma. Rubanda bati “Ni ingoma imurashe kuko atari we wayirazwe”. Basubira mu bwiru, bemeza ko Rujugira agomba kugarukira ingoma. Bohereza abantu bo kumurarura. Bamukozeho araricurika ati: “Mazimpaka yishe Musigwa azize ko aganiriye n’umugore we none jye wamwiciye imfizi namuhonoka nte?” Bajya inama yo kwiba Kalira kugira ngo nibamugeza i Rwanda azabe ari we ugarura umugabo we. Baragenda baramurebura n’umwana we Sharangabo n’umugaragu wabo Ndabaramiye; babagarura mu Rwanda, Rujugira asigara ishyanga wenyine. Kalira ageze ku Kamonyi arwara ibinyoro, bamwubakira urugo ku Kivumu cya Mpushi aba ari rwo abirwariramo (ubwo hitwa i Mpushi kubera ibihushi by’ibinyoro). Abikirutse agaruka ku Kamonyi. Bamubwira kosa imibavu myiza akayoherereza Rujugira amutashya. Abigira atyo, Ndabaramiye abisubiranayo. Mu iramukanya Ndabaramiye anukiriza Rujugira ya mibavu; Rujugira ati: «Iyi nyoso ni iya Kalira si iy’ undi!»
Ndabaramiye ati “Enda twigire hirya nkubwire ubutumwa bwe.” Rujugira akaba yabuguzaga, ahagurukana ubusoro mu ntoki Ndabaramiye akagenda amushukashuka, barinda bagera ku cyambu cya Busoro (ni ko hiswe kuva ubwo), munsi ya Mugina wa Jenda na Kabugondo. Bahagera Rujugira amaze gukenga ibyo Ndabaramiye amushakira; yiyumvira amarenga y’umugore we, ubusoro abujugunya mu ruzi agaruka i Rwanda rwa Kamonyi, yima ingoma ya se na sekuru; yitwa Cyilima. Ubwo ariko akijya kwima ingoma, umugore we Kalira abiru baramunywesheje ( bamuha uburozi arapfa ); kuko atashoboraga gusubirana n’umugabo we kandi baracikanye. Mu Rwanda byari umuziro w’uko umugore bahunganye bahungukana; bamutaga mu mugezi cyangwa se agahama iyo ishyanga. Rujugira rero yumvise ako kageni Kalira yapfuye ni ko kuvuga ijambo ry’umubabaro, ati: «Nta byera ngo de; iyo nima Kalinga ndi kumwe na Kalira!» Yashakaga kuvuga ko abonye ikuzo ry’u Rwanda, ariko ibizazane bikamwinjira, ntabyishimanemo na Kalira yari yariziritseho bakanaruhanira ishyanga. Ubwo rero ntiyagize amahirwe y’uruhehemure, kuko yavanze impundu n’amarira. Nicyo cyatumye avuga ngo: ”Ntabyera ngo de!” (Ntawe utunganirwa na byose). Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yari umwami w’inka kimwe na Cyilima II Rujugira ndetse akaba ari na we wamuhambishije kuko ubwiru bwategekaga ko umwami witwa Cyilima ahambisha uwitwa Mutara, uwitwa Mutara na we agahambisha uwitwa Cyilima gusa bikaba bitarashobotse ko Mutara II Rwogera ahambisha Cyilima Rujugira kuko yatanze atarabikora bikaba ngombwa ko hategerezwa undi witwa Mutara; uwo rero akaba ari Rudahigwa. MUHABURA .RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/teganya-wanze-kugaruka-mu-rwanda-agahungira-muri-amerika | Umunyarwanda wanze kugaruka mu Rwanda agahungira muri Amerika yakatiwe imyaka 8 azira kubeshya uruhare yagize muri ... | Umunyarwanda Teganya Jean Léonard yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka umunani ahamijwe icyaha cyo kubeshya inzego za Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ku ruhare rwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Ku wa Mbere ni bwo umucamanza Dennis Saylor wo mu rukiko rwa Boston, yasomye urubanza rwa Teganya. Ubushinjacyaha bwari bwamusabiye igifungo cy’imyaka 20, kubera guhisha uruhare yagize mu kwica nibura abantu barindwi no gufata ku ngufu abandi batanu muri Jenoside. Mu itangazo rya Minisiteri y’Ubutabera, Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta muri Amerika, Andrew E Lelling, yatangaje ko Teganya w’imyaka 47 “yahamijwe ndetse akatirwa ku byaha bikomeye byo kubeshya asaba ubuhungiro muri Amerika, ahisha uruhare yagize muri Jenoside.’’ Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ashinjwa kugiramo uruhare yahitanye abasaga miliyoni mu mezi atatu. Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko Teganya yabeshye ku birebana n’amateka ye ubwo yasabaga ubuhungiro muri iki gihugu, ahisha ko yabaye mu ishyaka rya MRND ryacuze rikanashyira mu bikorwa umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Itangazo rya Amerika rikomeza rivuga ko muri Jenoside Teganya wimenyerezaga umwuga mu Bitaro bya Kaminuza i Butare aho yigaga mu Ishami ry’Ubuvuzi; yashinjwe uruhare mu gufasha Interahamwe kwica Abatutsi bari barwaye. Riti “Iyo Abatutsi bafatwaga barajyanwaga bakicirwa nyuma y’aho ababyeyi babyabarira.’’ Teganya yahungiye muri Canada nyuma ya Jenoside, ahasanga umugore we n’abana babo babiri. Babanye imyaka 15 mbere yo gukomereza ubuzima muri Leta ya Maine. Mu mvugo ze ngo yumvikanishaga ko Se yari umwe mu bayobozi bakomeye mu nzego z’ibanze akomoka mu Ishyaka MRND, ariko ntiyavuga ko na we yari umurwanashyaka waryo. Yanze koherezwa mu Rwanda ahubwo yerekeza muri Amerika aho yaje gufatirwa. Mu 2014 nibwo Teganya yambutse umupaka yinjira muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika anyuze ahitwa Houston muri Leta ya Maine, aho yasanze inzego zishinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka no gucunga imipaka, agasaba ubuhungiro ariko abayobozi bakamushwishuriza kubera uruhare ashinjwa muri Jenoside. Teganya yasabye Canada ubuhungiro inshuro ebyiri ariko abwimwa ku mpamvu z’uko ubuyobozi bw’icyo gihugu bwamushinjaga ko yagize uruhare muri Jenoside ku bitaro yakoragaho i Butare byaguyemo Abatutsi basaga 200. Reuters yatangaje ko Teganya azajuririra igifungo yahawe. Umunyamategeko we Scott Lauer yavuze ko uyu mugabo yahunze igihugu kuko yatinyaga ko gushinjwa uruhare muri Jenoside. Yari yamusabiye ko yafungwa amezi 63, avuga ko nta gushidikanya azoherezwa mu Rwanda aho azaregwa ibindi byaha ndetse akanafungwa imyaka 20 cyangwa kurenga. Yanasabye kandi ko yafungirwa muri Gereza ya FCI-Berlin muri New Hampshire, aho ashobora gusurwa n’umugore n’abana be babiri b’abahungu bose bafite ubwenegihugu bwa Canada ndetse baba i Québec. Nu bundi ubwo azaba asoje igifungo yahawe, Teganya ashobora koherezwa mu Rwanda agakurikiranwaho ibyaha bya Jenoside ashinjwa kugiramo uruhare. MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/umunyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-wa-komisiyo | Biragoye ko abonse amashereka ya Jenoside bakosoka-Dr.Bizimana | Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside, Dr Jean Damascene Bizimana avuga ko hari abagifite ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside cyane cyane abo mu gisekuru cya Parmehutu badashobora gukosoka. Ibi yabigarutseho ku Cyumweru tariki 30 Kamena 2019 mu muhango wo kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Murenge wa Muyira mu Karere ka Nyanza mu ntara y’Amajyepfo. Dr Bizimana yavuze ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yagenze mu Majyepfo itinze bitewe n’uko abenshi mu bari bahatuye bari mu mashyaka nka PL na PSD ariko bakoshywa nabo mu Majyaruguru. Ati"Jenoside mu Majyepfo yatinze gutangira kandi nibyo kuko abenshi bari muri PL na PSD. Abahutu bo mu Majyaruguru bandikiye abo mu Majyepfo bavuga ko abatutsi babamaze binyuze mu Nkotanyi ndetse babasaba kutaba ba barihima kuko nabo abatutsi batazabarebera izuba". Yavuze kandi ko hari abagifite ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu mitima yabo cyane cyane abo mu gisekuruza cya Parmehutu bitewe n’uko bonse amashereka ya Jenoside bityo ngo gukosoka ntibyapfa gukunda. Ati"Imyaka 25 irashije ariko iyo urebye abagifite ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside ni abo mu gisekuruza cya Parmehutu bakuranye ibitekerezo by’urwango. Biragoye ko abonse amashereka ya jenoside bakosoka. Amateka ntitwayasubiza inyuma ariko ntibizongera". Dr.Bizimana yavuze ko Kayibanda Grégoire na Habyarimana Juvenal bayoboye u Rwanda, ku butegetsi bwabo bagiye bafata abatutsi nk’abanyamahanga kandi amateka yerekana ko ahubwo abo bombi ari bo batari Abanyarwanda Kuri Kayibanda ngo Se yitwaga Nkangura yavukiye i Bushi hafi ya Bukavu aza mu Rwanda ahagana mu 1915, aje kwishakira imibereho yakirirwa i Kabgayi n’abapadiri bamuha akazi muri diyosezi. Avuga ko Kayibanda yaje kuvukira mu Rwanda atyo nta gisekuru ahafitekuko yavutse tariki ya 1 Gicurasi 1924 avukira i Tare mu Marangara mu Karere ka Muhanga aho Se yari yarahawe isambu maze aba Umunyarwanda atyo. Naho Habyarimana we,Dr.Bizimana avuga ko amateka ye afitanye isano n’aya Kayibanda mu buryo bwa hafi kuko igisekuru cye nawe kiba i Bugande. Se yitwaga Jean Baptiste Ntibazirikana Nyina akitwa Suzana Nyirazuba. Habyarimana yavutse tariki 8 Werurwe 1937, avukira mu Gasiza i Rambura (ahahoze ari muri Komine Karago ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyabihu) aho yavukiye.Ngo aha Se yahahawe n’abapadiri bityo ahinduka umunya Karago ariko igisekuru ngo ntikiri mu Rwanda, ahubwo ni Uganda. Bityo ngo yaba Kayibanda cyangwa Habyarimana bazwiho ko ku butegetsi bwabo baranzwe n’amacakubiri akomeye, aho bwabibye urwango rwari rugamije kurimbura Abatutsi. Iyi ngengabitekerezo kirimbuzi kandi ni yo yagejeje u Rwanda kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Yanditswe na Habarurema Djamali |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/menya-uko-umwami-yimaga-ingoma-mu-rwanda | Menya uko Umwami yimaga ingoma mu Rwanda | Amateka y’u Rwanda agaragaza ko abami bose b’u Rwanda bakomokaga mu muryango umwe wo mu bwoko bw’Abanyiginya. Iyo miterere y’inkomoko y’abami ikavuga ko umwami iyo yatangaga yagombaga gusimburwa n’umuhungu we, bityo bityo kugeza ku ndunduro. Ikindi kivugwa k’ubwami ni uko ngo umwana wagombaga gusimbura se ku ngoma yagombaga kuba yaravukanye imbuto nk’uko Abiru(abanyabwenge b’i Bwami) babibwiraga rubanda. Hari abavuga ko bitumvikana neza uko byagendaga kugirango uwo mwana w’umwami avukane imbuto, ariko ibyo byari amabanga y’ubwiru nk’uko iyo nyito yabwo iri. Umwami wimye yagiraga izina ry’ubwami Umwami wimye yagiraga izina ry’ubwami hakiyongeraho n’izina rye bwite yiswe n’ababyeyi be. Umwami yahitagamo izina uko abyumva, akiha amatwara y’imitegekere uko abishaka, agashyiraho abatware b’intara z’igihugu ab’ingabo, ab’ubutaka n’abandi, akabikora uko abyumva ntawe agishije inama. Ahasaga mu mwaka wa 1576 kugeza mu wa 1609, ku ngoma y’umwami w’i Gasabo Kigeli II Nyamuheshera niwe washyizeho umurongo ngenderwaho ntakuka w’ubutegetsi bwa Cyami. Ashyiraho itonde ry’amazina y’ubwami uko azajya akurikirana ku ngoma, n’amatwara y’abo bami ndetse n’igihe izina iri n’iri rizaba rigezweho. Iryo tonde ryabaga riteye ritya: MUTARA, KIGELI, MIBAMBWE, YUHI CYILIMA, KIGELI, MIBAMBWE, YUHI Ni ukuvuga ko buri zina ry’ubwami ryagarukaga buri ngoma eshatu, usibye Mutara na Cyilima zagendaga zisimburana. Ayo mazina yabaga afite icyo asobanura kijyanye n’amatwara n’inshingano umwami uzitwa iryo zina agomba kugenderaho. Ayo mazina yasobanuraga gutya ukurikije amatwara yayo nuko akurikirana. 1.Harebwe uko Kigeli II Nyamuheshera yagiye ayakurikiranya habanzaga MUTARA aribyo bivuga “Umwami w’Amatungo”. Iryo zina yarisimburanagaho na CYILIMA, ariko bose intego n’amatwara yabo ari amwe. Umwami wabaga yimye iryo zina ariryo rigezweho, yagombaga kwita ku bworozi, cyane cyane inka z’Inyambo, dore ko arizo zari zigize ubukungu bw’igihugu mu gihe cyo hambere. Uwo Mwami iyo yaterwaga yaritabaraga, ariko we ntiyateraga. 2. Izina ry’Ubwami ryakurikiragaho ni irya KIGELI. Bikaba bivuga “Umwami w’Inkotanyi”. Iyo iryo zina ryabaga rigezweho, amatwara y’uwo mwami kuva yimye ingoma kugeza atanze, yari ayo kugaba ibitero byo kwagura igihugu no kwihimura ku bami babaga barihaye gusuzugura u Rwanda. Aha nk’uko bigaragara mu mateka, ba Kigeli nibo bami baguye u Rwanda cyane, nka Kigeli IV Rwabugiri wahigitse amahanga kakahava. 3. Izina rya gatatu ryari irya YUHI. Bikaba bisobanura “Umwami w’umuriro”. Impamvu yitwaga Umwami w’umuriro, ni uko ku ngoma ye yagombaga kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu. Akaba umwami w’intagondwa ku buryo ntawabasha kuvogera igihugu cyangwa se abaturage bacyo. Yuhi, yari umwami wagombaga kubungabunga umuco w’igihugu ku buryo urushaho gusakara muri bene wo, icyo gihe hakirindwa ko hagira indi mico y’amahanga yavogera umuco w’i Rwanda. Ababikurikiranye bavuga urugero rwa Yuhi IV Musinga wanze kubatizwa n’abazungu nk’abandi bose. Agasubiza ko aho kwitwa izina ry’abazungu yakwitwa izina rya ba sekuruza be, dore ko nabo bari bafite amazina meza kandi yuje ubutwari. Icyo gihe yanze kwitwa izina ry’Abatagatifu, avuga ko atakwitwa amazina y’abazimu b’abazungu kandi hari ab’i Rwanda bo bazwi ko hari icyo bamariye igihugu, atanga urugero rwa se Rwabugili. Kwemera ubukirisitu kuri we byaragoranye cyane, kuko yavugaga ko Imana azi ari Imana y’i Rwanda naho iy’abazungu ntacyo ayiziho. Ibi bavuga ko biri mu byatumye bamuca ku ngoma ubwo kuwa 05/01/1931 abazungu bamwimuye bakamucira i Kamembe, mbere y’uko ahungira i Moba mu cyahoze ari Zaire, ari naho yaguye. Aha havugwa kandi Umwami w’icyamamare muri ba Yuhi witwaga Yuhi IV Gahindiro wabayeho ahasaga mu 1746. Icyamuteye kwamamara, ngo ni uko yari umwami w’umunyamahoro, bikaba bivugwa ko ku ngoma ye nta muntu n’umwe yigeze yica.Ubwami bwe bwabaga ari ingoma yuje ituze, umutekano n’ubugiraneza bwinshi. Ngo niyo ngoma imwe rukubi yabayemo amahoro n’ubwisanzure bisesuye mu Rwanda. Ibyo ngo bitangirwa ubuhamya n’ibikomangoma Ntamwete na barumuna be bo mu Gisaka yahaye ubuhungiro, ubwo Rugeyo yari yigize igikomangoma Zigama cy’i Burundi agatera i Gisaka. 4. Izina rya kane ryari irya MIBAMBWE. Rikaba rivuga “Umwami w’uburumbuke”. Iyo iri zina ryabaga rigezweho, uwo mwami yagombaga kwita ku burumbuke bw’abantu, imyaka n’amatungo. Igihugu kigahorana ubukungu butajegajega, bityo abaturage bakarindwa indwara z’ibyorezo n’iz’ibiza zazengerezaga amatungo. Uwo mwami nawe yagabaga ibitero, ariko bitari byinshi. Ibitero bye ngo byabaga ari ibyo kunyaga inka zo mu yandi mahanga mu rwego rwo kongera izari mu Rwanda. Yanagabaga ibitero byo kugaruza kandi izabaga zanyazwe n’andi mahanga. Ibitero byo kwagura igihugu byo yabihariraga ba Kigeri. Mu gushyiraho amazina y’abami n’uko azajya akurikirana ngo hari amazina yagiye akurwaho bitewe n’ibikorwa byakozwe ku ngoma zabo cyangwa se kuba nta gikorwa kizwi uwo mwami yakoreye igihugu. Urugero ruvugwa ni urwa Ruganzu Ndoli wakoze ibikorwa byinshi bikomeye, bakagira n’ibindi bamwitirira, ariko ngo kuba nta mwana we n’umwe yabiraze nta n’umwami n’umwe mu bamukurikiye wigeze akora nkawe, byatumye izina rye rikurwa mu mazina y’abami b’u Rwanda. Aha ngo niho bakurije bamwita “Igicucu Ruganzu.” Izina rya Ndahiro naryo ryakuwe mu mihango y’ubwiru bwimitsi ngo bitewe n’uko ku ngoma ye ariho mu mateka u Rwanda rwatewe n’amahanga by’akabura rugero nko ku ngoma ya Ndahiro II Cyamatara, ubwo u Rwanda rwibasirwaga n’igitero cya Nsibura Nyebunga umwami w’i Bunyabungo, wahereye ku mage u Rwanda rwari rurimo y’ibikomangoma byo kwa Yuhi Gahima byarimo kurwanira ingoma. Icyo gihe Nsibura Nyebunga yanesheje Ndahiro Cyamatare, anyaga n’ingabe y’u Rwanda bitaga Rwoga. Iryo zina Ndahiro ryakuwe mu mazina y’ubwami kubera iryo shyano ry’urupfu rwapfakaje u Rwanda rukanyagwa n’ingabe yarwo Rwoga, u Rwanda rukirenza imyaka isaga icumi muri ako kangaratete. Icyo gihe ngo haciwe iteka ko nta mwami uzongera kwitwa izina ry’ubwami rya Ndahiro, aha niho havuye umuhango wo mu bwiru witwa “Gukura Gicurasi”. Ikindi umwami Kigeli II Nyamuheshera yakoze, ni uko yashyizeho gahunda nyayo igenga ubwiru, ashyiraho gahunda y’Abiru b’imihango, ashyiraho n’imitwe y’Abiru n’inshingano zabo. Ni nawe waciye iteka ry’uko Umwiru Mwimitsi agomba kuzajya ava mu biru b’Abatege, naho Abiru bo kwa Rutsobe (ariwe nkomoko y’Abatsobe) nibo bari bafite inshingano yo gutanga abatabazi batabariraga igihugu, bakaba ari nabo bashingwa iby’umuganura. Nyamuheshera agena imikorere y’Abatware b’ubutaka, ab’inyambo n’ab’ingabo. Umwami yagiraga ububasha bw’ikirenga mu gihugu cye. Yaricaga agakiza, akagaba akanyaga. Muri make ubuzima bw’abaturage b’igihugu cyose bwabaga buri mu maboko ye. Ikintu cyose cyabaga ari icy’umwami, inka zari iz’umwami, ubutaka bwabaga ari ubw’umwami, abagore babaga ari ab’umwami, abana babaga ari ab’umwami n’ibindi. Iteka yabaga yaciye ryabaga ari ihame ntakuka,rikubahirizwa kuva ku babyeyi kugeza ku bana, abuzukuru, abuzukuruza n’ubuvivi bakabitozwa. Chief editor /MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/kubwira-umugore-ibanga-byatumye-asezera-amaso-isi-bwa-nyuma | Kubwira umugore ibanga byatumye asezera isi bwa nyuma | Mu muryango w’abadani mu rugo rw’uwitwa Manowa n’umugore we wabanje kuba ingumba,niho Imana yakoreye igitangaza babyara umusore waranzwe n’amateka adasanzwe ariwe Samusoni bisobanura umunyembaraga cyangwa umugabo w’izuba. Nk’uko bivugwa n’abahanga batandukanye mu by’amateka harimo nka Ginger Garrett, urubuga rwa wikipedia.org/wiki/Samson na Bibiriya Yera, byemeza ko uyu Samusoni yavukanye imbaraga zidasanzwe bivugwa ko yazikuraga ku uwiteka Imana yo mu ijuru ngo ikaba ari nayo yari yarohereje .
Mu muryango w’abadani mu rugo rw’uwitwa Manowa n’umugore we wabanje kuba ingumba,niho Imana yakoreye igitangaza babyara umusore waranzwe n’amateka adasanzwe ariwe Samusoni bisobanura umunyembaraga cyangwa umugabo w’izuba. Nk’uko bivugwa n’abahanga batandukanye mu by’amateka harimo nka Ginger Garrett, urubuga rwa wikipedia.org/wiki/Samson na Bibiriya Yera, byemeza ko uyu Samusoni yavukanye imbaraga zidasanzwe bivugwa ko yazikuraga ku uwiteka Imana yo mu ijuru ngo ikaba ari nayo yari yarohereje malayika wayo mbere y’uko uyu Samusoni avuka ngo abwire nyina ko n’ubwo ari ingumba ariko agiye gusama inda akaba ategetswe kutanywa igisindisha icyo aricyo cyose cyangwa kurya igihumanya cyose, ndetse yihanangirizwa ko uyu mwana atazigera yogoshwa umusatsi we(abacamanza 13:13). Ibi byose rero bikomeza bisobanurwa ko aba babyeyi babyubahirije nyamara nyuma yo kuvuka no kugimbuka kw’uyu Samusoni akaba yaraje kwadukana ingeso yo kujya mu bagore ari naho yaje kubenguka umugore wo mu gikombe cyitwa Doreka witwa Delilah, ari nawe waje kuba imbarutso y’ibibazo byabaye kuri Samusoni byose harimo n’urupfu rwe. N’ubwo bivugwa ko Samusoni Imana yamukoreshe byinshi cyane akamamara , ntaho bigaragara ko kuba icyamamare byamuheshaga uburenganzira bwo kugomera Imana, n’ubwo bigaragara ko Samusoni yahoreye Uwiteka akicamo benshi mu bafilisitiya bari abanzi b’Imana, ariko na none binaboneka ko bivuye mu kurundurira umutima we mu bagore harimo na Delilah, byatumye acumura ku mana maze amena ibanga avuga aho imbaraga ze ziva agira ati: "Nta cyuma cyogosha kigeze kunyura ku mutwe wanjye,kuko nabaye umunaziri w’Imana uhereye nkiva munda ya mama. Nakogoshwa imbaraga zanjye zanshiramo, ngacogora nkamera nk’abandi". Nk’uko wari umutego kuri we kugira ngo bamufate koko bamwigirije ho nkana ndetse binagaragara ko bamwishe bamunoboyemo amaso. Aya makosa ya Samusoni rero akwiye kubera benshi muri twe nk’isomo rikomeye; ba bandi usanga Imana igirira neza igaha cyangwa igakoresha ibikomeye bitari bimwe nyamara bo bakabona ko ari wo mwanya wo gukoresha icyo cyubahiro cyangwa igikundiro mu mafuti atandukakanye harimo kwikubira imitungo ya rubanda cyangwa kwigarurira ingo z’abandi, Guteka imitwe cyangwa uburaya muru rusange, muramenye, mumenye ko hari isezerano mwasezeranye n’Imana ryo kuzayubahisha kugeza kugeza gupfa, bitari ibyo ruriye Samusoni rutabibagiye. Gusa na none umuntu yakongera ho ko Samusoni umuntu yanamwigiraho ko Imana igira imbabazi ko naho umuntu yaba yarakoze ibyaha byinshi cyane Imana imubabarira, ititaye ku buhemu bwe ahubwo yo yita ku tukundo rwayo ruhoraho iteka ryose kuko Samusoni nawe bigaragara ko nyuma y’ibi byose yatakambiye Imana maze iramwumvira imuha imbaraga, nawe tumbira Imana uyereke aho wacumuye uyibwire uti Data ndakwinginze ndengera, irakurengera. Niyomugabo Albert /MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/madame-denise-tshisekedi-kwakira-ibyabaye-mu-gihe-cya | Madame Denise Tshisekedi kwakira ibyabaye mu gihe cya Jenoside byamugoye agahinda karamusaga[REBA AMAFOTO] | Madame Denise Nyakeru Tshisekedi, umufasha wa Perezida Felix Tshisekedi wa RDC, yasuye urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kigali ariko kwakira ibyabaye muri Jenoside byamugoye aboneraho gusabira abazize uko Imana yabaremye. Mu ruzinduko rw’iminsi ibiri yagiriraga mu Rwanda, ku gicamunsi cyo kuri uyu wa mbere tariki ya 10 Kamena 2019, Aha ku rwibutso, Madame Denise Tshisekedi yakiriwe na Minisitiri w’umuco na siporo Esperance Nyirasafari, ndetse n’umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa wa komisiyo y’igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG), Dr. Bizimana Jean Damascene. Nyuma yo gushyira indabo ku mva zishyinguyemo Abatutsi, Denise Tshisekedi yeretswe ibice bitandukanye by’urwibutso rwa Kigali, anasobanurirwa amateka ya Jenoside. Muri uko gutemeberezwa, byagaragaraga ko Denise Tshisekedi yagowe no kwakira amateka ya Jenoside, kuburyo wabonaga ko afite intege nke.Cyane cyane byagaragaye ko byamugoye ageze mu cyumba kirimo amashusho y’abana bazize Jenoside aranabunamira. Nyuma yo gutemberezwa no gusura urwibutso,Madamu Denise Tshisekedi yatanze ubutumwa bwanditse, agaragaza ko bigoye gusobanura ubwicanyi ndengakamere bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Jenoside. Yagize ati “Nta gisobanuro na kimwe cyaboneka ku bwicanyi nk’ubu uko byagenda kose. Nifatanyije mu kababaro na buri wese wabuze abe muri kiriya gihe gikomeye mu mateka y’u Rwanda. Ndatekereza cyane ku bagore, abakobwa n’ababyeyi bahuye n’ihohoterwa iryo ariryo ryose. Amahoro y’Imana abane nabo”.
Madame Denise Tshisekedi yageze mu Rwanda mu gitondo cyo ku cyumweru, yinjiriye ku mupaka munini uhuza u Rwanda na Kongo Kinshasa mu karere ka Rubavu. Naho ku mugoroba yahise yakirwa ku meza na mugenzi we w’u Rwanda Madame Jeannette Kagame, aho yanamusezeranije kumushyigikira mu mushinga we yise ‘Plus Fortes’, ugamije kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore n’abakobwa muri Kongo Kinshasa. Mbere kandi yo kujya gusura urwibutso,Madame Denise Tshisekedi na Madame Jeannette Kagame , bahuriye mu cyumba kimwe bareba ikinamico mbarankuru ivuga ku buzima bw’umubyeyi n’uwamwiciye umwana we muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, bwibanda ku rugendo rwo gusabana imbabazi, rukarangira uwo mubyeyi amufashe nk’umwana we kuko bari bamaze kwiyunga n’ubwo yamwiciye umwana muri Jenoside.
Chief Editor/MUHABURA.RW |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/mboneyeho-no-kwibutsa-abanyarwanda-ko-ubuzima-bw-aba | Mboneyeho no kwibutsa Abanyarwanda ko ubuzima bw’aba babyeyi butureba twese-Jeannette Kagame | Jeannette Kagame avuga ko ubuzima bw’abakecuru n’abasaza barokotse Jenoside ariko ikabatwarira ababo bose, bureba buri Munyarwanda. Yabivugiye mu muhango wo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 25 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, umuhango wabereye mu rugo rw’Impinganzima rwa Huye kuri uyu wa 8 Kamena 2019, ahatujwe abo basaza n’abakecuru bitwa “Intwaza”. Urwo rugo ruherereye mu Murenge wa Mukura, mu Kagari ka Bukomeye mu Mudugudu wa Taba muri Huye. Ni umuhango witabiriwe n’abandi bayobozi bakuru b’igihugu, ndetse n’imiryango yita ku mibereho y’abarokotse Jenoside, ukaba warateguwe n’umuryango wita ku bapfakazi ba Jenoside (AVEGA Agahozo). Madame Jeannette Kagame yashimiye abagize uruhare kugira ngo abo babyeyi batuzwe neza, ndetse avuga ko ubuzima bwabo bureba buri wese. Yagize ati "Ndashimira abafatanyabikorwa badufashije kandi bakidufasha ngo aba babyeyi bacu basubizwe agaciro n’icyubahiro kugira ngo ubuzima bwabo bukomeze kuba bwiza, tubatuza neza". Arongera ati "Mboneyeho no kwibutsa Abanyarwanda ko ubuzima bw’aba babyeyi butureba twese. Ndasaba buri wese kubabera ijisho, urumuri n’akabando kazabasindagiza".
Yakomeje avuga ko Unity Club Intwararumuri abereye umuyobozi mukuru, bazakomeza kubaba hafi babakorera ubuvugizi kugira ngo babone ibyangombwa bakenera Umwe muri izo Ntwaza ukomoka mu Karere ka Ruhango witwa Azela Nyirangirumwami, yavuze ko muri urwo rugo rwabo bafashwe neza kuko bafite ababitaho, bikabibagiza ibyababayeho. Ati “Muyobozi wacu mukuru, abakobwa waduhaye ngo batwiteho badufashe neza, bazindukira hano buri munsi mu gitondo batubaza uko twaramutse, bakatuganiriza tugaseka bigatuma bya bindi twanyuzemo tuba tubyibagiwe. Dufite ndetse n’abaganga baza kureba uko tumeze, haba hari urwaye bagahita bamuvura”. Akomeza avuga ko ubu babonye abana bataratekerezaga ko hari abo bazongera kubona none ngo baratese. Ati “Mu myaka yashize ntitwavugaga, none ubu Intwaza twahawe ijambo, ni yo mpamvu tugomba kwishima. Aha haza abana ndetse n’abo tubana bakadukinira, bakatubyinira, bakatuganirira tukishima, mbese twabonye abana n’abuzukuru mu gihe twari tuzi ko tutazongera kubona abana mu maso yacu”. Umuyobozi wa IBUKA, Prof. Jean Pierre Dusingizemungu, avuga ko Intwaza ari urugero rwiza rugaragaza ko abicanyi batageze ku cyo bashakaga. Ati “Abakoze Jenoside n’inshuti zabo bakomeje kudutega iminsi bagira bati ‘bariya tutabashije kwica bazahitanwa n’agahinda, ihungabana rizabarangiza cyangwa ngo bazafatwa n’ibisazi bagende bapfa uruhongohongo’. Si ko byagenze rero kuko twarabahinyuje, nk’uko izi Ntwaza zibitwereka buri munsi nubwo hakiri ibibazo”. Dusingizemungu Yongeyeho ko kwita kuri izo Ntwaza ari ingenzi kuko bizikomeza zikongera iminsi yo kubaho, cyane ko ngo zabonye ababyeyi bazikunda. Izo ntwaza zatujwe mu nzu z’icyerekezo zirimo ibyangobwa byose, bakaba bose hamwe ari 100 barimo abakecuru 92 n’abasaza umunani, bagizwe n’Intwaza zo mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo n’izo mu turere twa Nyamasheke na Rusizi. Chief editor Muhabura.rw |
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| amateka | history | http://muhabura.rw/amakuru/amateka/article/dr-bizimana-yatanze-urugero-kuri-ingabire-victoire-nk | Dr Bizimana yatanze urugero kuri Ingabire Victoire nk’uwigishijwe ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n’ababyeyi be akiri ... | Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa komisiyo y’igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) Dr Jean Damascene Bizimana aranenga abana bavuka mu miryango y’abari abayobozi ku Ngoma ya Habyarimana kuba badashaka guhinduka atanga urugero kuri Ingabire Victoire wigeze kuvugira ku Gisozi amagambo yuzuye ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Ibi Dr. Bizimana yabigarutseho kuri iki Cyumweru tariki ya 1 Kamena 2019 ubwo yari i Kabgayi mu Karere ka Muhanga mu muhango wo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 25 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi by’umwihariko abari bahungiye kuri Diyosezi ya Kabgayi. Dr Bizimana avuga ko abana bavutse ku babyeyi bagize uruhare muri Jenoside baza ku isonga muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bashinze imiryango ikomeje kubiba urwango no guhembera ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Ibyo ngo byatewe n’uko abo bana bakomeje kubana n’ababyeyi babo mu buhungiro kandi bagakomeza kwigishwa ivangura n’urwango kandi bivuze ko n’abazabakomokaho ariko bazaba bameze. Agira ati“Reba nk’amagambo Ingabire Victoire yavugiye ku Rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali ubwo yatahukaga, akavuga ko urwo Rwibutso rugaragaza igihande kimwe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi atabona aho Abahutu bo baherereye kandi na bo barapfuye”. Yungamo ati“Iyo Jenoside yakorewe Abahutu yateguwe na nde? Yakozwe nande? Yahagaritswe nande? ibyo ni ibyo Ingabire yatojwe na Nyina ubu yakatiwe n’inkiko kuko yakoze Jenoside”. Dr.Bizimana agaragaza ko ikibazo cy’abana atari bo bakiteye kuko bakirazwe n’ababyeyi babo bagakura batozwa urwango n’ubu bakaba badashaka kurwigobotora. Agira ati “Hari kandi abana bashinze umuryango witwa JAMBO barimo Abuzukuru ba Mbonyumutwa wigeze kuba Perezida wa Repuburika, n’umukobwa wa Colonel Bahufite Juvenal wayoboye ubwicanyi mu cyari Gisenyi 1990-1993.Ndetse n’umwana wa Dominique Ntawukuriryayo wari Superefe wa Superefegitura ya Gisagara na we ashyigikiye izo ngengabitekerezo za ba Se” Agendeye kuri ibi,yasabye ababyeyi b’iki gihe bashaka kubaka igihugu mu mahoro, kurerera abana mu muco wo kurwanya urwango n’amacakubiri kuko ingaruka zigera kuri bo zigasenya aho kubaka. Agira ati “Amasomo dukuramo uyu munsi twibuka aba twagize amahirwe yo kubona, ni ugushyigikira ubuyobozi bwiza dufite burangajwe imbere na Perezida Paul Kagame kuko iyo Inkotanyi zitaza kari kuba karabaye”. Akomeza agira “Icya kabiri babyeyi ndabasabye murabyara twese turabyara, murere abana banyu mubarinda urwango, kuko ni bo rwokama rukabagwa nabi”. Dr Uwera Claudine,Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi avuga ko kuba Jenoside yarahagaritswe kandi igihugu kikaba gikomeje kwiyubaka ari urugero rw’icyizere cy’ejo hazaza h’abana b’u Rwanda.Ikindi ngo urugamba rwo gukomeza guhangana n’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside rwo ntirukwiye guhagarara. Mu mateka iyi tariki ya 02 kamena 1994 ni bwo izahoze ari ingabo za RPA Inkotanyi zatabaye Abatutsi bagera ku bihumbi 15 bari barahungiye i Kabgayi baturutse mu mpande zitandukanye z’igihugu.
Niyomugabo Albert/MUHABURA.RW |