Kaggle competition: Allstate Claims Severity
display_training_curves(history2.history['loss'], history2.history['val_loss'], 'loss', 211)
 display_training_curves(history2.history['categorical_accuracy'], history2.history['val_categorical_accuracy'], 'accuracy', 212 )<predict_on_test>
%matplotlib inline
plt.style.use('seaborn-whitegrid')
 warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
cmdataset = get_validation_dataset(ordered=True)
 images_ds = cmdataset.map(lambda image, label: image)
 labels_ds = cmdataset.map(lambda image, label: label ).unbatch()
cm_correct_labels = next(iter(labels_ds.batch(NUM_VALIDATION_IMAGES)) ).numpy()
cm_correct_labels = np.argmax(cm_correct_labels, axis=-1)
 cm_probabilities1 = model1.predict(images_ds)
 cm_probabilities2 = model2.predict(images_ds)
 scores = []
for alpha in np.linspace(0,1,100):
cm_probabilities = alpha*cm_probabilities1+(1-alpha)*cm_probabilities2
cm_predictions = np.argmax(cm_probabilities, axis=-1)
 scores.append(accuracy_score(cm_correct_labels, cm_predictions))
best_alpha = np.argmax(scores)/100
plt.title("(alpha)ENET +(1-alpha)DNET; Best alpha = " + str(best_alpha))
plt.ylabel("Accuracy")
 plt.xlabel("alpha")
 plt.plot(scores )<train_model>
train = pd.read_csv(".. /input/allstate-claims-severity/train.csv")
 test = pd.read_csv(".. /input/allstate-claims-severity/test.csv")
 pd.set_option('display.max_rows', None)
 pd.set_option('display.max_columns', None )
cm_probabilities = best_alpha*cm_probabilities1+(1-best_alpha)*cm_probabilities2
cm_predictions = np.argmax(cm_probabilities, axis=-1)
 print("Correct labels: ", cm_correct_labels.shape, cm_correct_labels)
 print("Predicted labels: ", cm_predictions.shape, cm_predictions )<compute_train_metric>
data = train.copy()
valid = test.copy()
del train
del test
cmat = confusion_matrix(cm_correct_labels, cm_predictions, labels=range(len(CLASSES)))
 score = f1_score(cm_correct_labels, cm_predictions, labels=range(len(CLASSES)) , average='macro')
 precision = precision_score(cm_correct_labels, cm_predictions, labels=range(len(CLASSES)) , average='macro')
 recall = recall_score(cm_correct_labels, cm_predictions, labels=range(len(CLASSES)) , average='macro')
 cmat =(cmat.T / cmat.sum(axis=1)).T
display_confusion_matrix(cmat, score, precision, recall)
 print('f1 score: {:.3f}, precision: {:.3f}, recall: {:.3f}'.format(score, precision, recall))<predict_on_test>
s =(data.dtypes == 'object')
 object_cols = list(s[s].index)
 print("Categorical variables:")
 print(len(object_cols))
print(object_cols )
test_ds = get_test_dataset(ordered=True)
 print('Computing predictions...')
 test_images_ds = test_ds.map(lambda image, idnum: image)
 probabilities = best_alpha*model1.predict(test_images_ds)+(1-best_alpha)*model2.predict(test_images_ds)
 predictions = np.argmax(probabilities, axis=-1)
 print(predictions)
 print('Generating submission.csv file...')
 test_ids_ds = test_ds.map(lambda image, idnum: idnum ).unbatch()
test_ids = next(iter(test_ids_ds.batch(NUM_TEST_IMAGES)) ).numpy().astype('U')
 np.savetxt('submission.csv', np.rec.fromarrays([test_ids, predictions]), fmt=['%s', '%d'], delimiter=',', header='id,label', comments='')
 print("submission.csv is saved")
<install_modules>
mergedata = data.append(valid )
!pip install -q tensorflow_addons
!pip install -q efficientnet<set_options>
mergedata = mergedata.drop(setOfDroppedFeatures, axis=1 )
print("Tensorflow version " + tf.__version__)
 AUTO = tf.data.experimental.AUTOTUNE 
<init_hyperparams>
s =(data.dtypes != 'object')
 non_object_cols = list(s[s].index)
 non_object_cols = [ col for col in non_object_cols if col not in setOfDroppedFeatures ]
print(len(non_object_cols))
COMP_ENV_UNKNOWN = 0
COMP_ENV_CPU = 1
COMP_ENV_GPU = 2
COMP_ENV_TPU = 3
def get_computation_environment(verbose=1):

 calculator = COMP_ENV_UNKNOWN
try:
tpu = tf.distribute.cluster_resolver.TPUClusterResolver()
except ValueError:
tpu = None
gpus = tf.config.experimental.list_logical_devices("GPU")
 if tpu:
calculator = COMP_ENV_TPU
tf.config.experimental_connect_to_cluster(tpu)
 tf.tpu.experimental.initialize_tpu_system(tpu)
 strategy = tf.distribute.experimental.TPUStrategy(tpu)
 elif len(gpus)> 0:
calculator = COMP_ENV_GPU
strategy = tf.distribute.MirroredStrategy(gpus)
 else:
calculator = COMP_ENV_CPU
strategy = tf.distribute.get_strategy()
if verbose == 1 or verbose == 2:
if calculator == COMP_ENV_TPU:
print('Running on TPU ', tpu.master())
 elif calculator == COMP_ENV_GPU:
print('Running on ', len(gpus), ' GPU(s)')
 elif calculator == COMP_ENV_CPU:
print('Running on CPU')
 else:
print("Running on unknown environment")
 print("Number of accelerators: ", strategy.num_replicas_in_sync)
 return calculator, strategy<define_variables>
mergedata = mergedata.drop(nonCorrelatedWithOutput, axis=1 )
GCS_DS_PATH = KaggleDatasets().get_gcs_path()<define_variables>
unbalanced_cols = ['cat15','cat18','cat20','cat21','cat22','cat33','cat35','cat48','cat56','cat58',
'cat59','cat60','cat62','cat63','cat64','cat67','cat68','cat69','cat70','cat77']
SKIP_VALIDATION = False
use_half_splitted_dataset = False
GLOBAL_VERBOSE = 2
img_size = 512
lr_epochs_profile = {'RAMPUP':3, 'SUSTAIN':2, 'DECAY':35}
IMAGE_SIZE = [img_size, img_size]
EPOCHS = lr_epochs_profile['RAMPUP'] + lr_epochs_profile['SUSTAIN'] + lr_epochs_profile['DECAY']
BATCH_SIZE = 16 * strategy.num_replicas_in_sync
GCS_PATH_SELECT = {
192: GCS_DS_PATH + '/tfrecords-jpeg-192x192',
224: GCS_DS_PATH + '/tfrecords-jpeg-224x224',
331: GCS_DS_PATH + '/tfrecords-jpeg-331x331',
512: GCS_DS_PATH + '/tfrecords-jpeg-512x512'
}
GCS_PATH = GCS_PATH_SELECT[IMAGE_SIZE[0]]
TRAINING_FILENAMES = tf.io.gfile.glob(GCS_PATH + '/train/*.tfrec')
 VALIDATION_FILENAMES = tf.io.gfile.glob(GCS_PATH + '/val/*.tfrec')
 TEST_FILENAMES = tf.io.gfile.glob(GCS_PATH + '/test/*.tfrec')
 CLASSES = ['pink primrose', 'hard-leaved pocket orchid', 'canterbury bells', 'sweet pea', 'wild geranium', 'tiger lily', 'moon orchid', 'bird of paradise', 'monkshood', 'globe thistle',
'snapdragon', "colt's foot", 'king protea', 'spear thistle', 'yellow iris', 'globe-flower', 'purple coneflower', 'peruvian lily', 'balloon flower', 'giant white arum lily',
'fire lily', 'pincushion flower', 'fritillary', 'red ginger', 'grape hyacinth', 'corn poppy', 'prince of wales feathers', 'stemless gentian', 'artichoke', 'sweet william',
'carnation', 'garden phlox', 'love in the mist', 'cosmos', 'alpine sea holly', 'ruby-lipped cattleya', 'cape flower', 'great masterwort', 'siam tulip', 'lenten rose',
'barberton daisy', 'daffodil', 'sword lily', 'poinsettia', 'bolero deep blue', 'wallflower', 'marigold', 'buttercup', 'daisy', 'common dandelion',
'petunia', 'wild pansy', 'primula', 'sunflower', 'lilac hibiscus', 'bishop of llandaff', 'gaura', 'geranium', 'orange dahlia', 'pink-yellow dahlia',
'cautleya spicata', 'japanese anemone', 'black-eyed susan', 'silverbush', 'californian poppy', 'osteospermum', 'spring crocus', 'iris', 'windflower', 'tree poppy',
'gazania', 'azalea', 'water lily', 'rose', 'thorn apple', 'morning glory', 'passion flower', 'lotus', 'toad lily', 'anthurium',
'frangipani', 'clematis', 'hibiscus', 'columbine', 'desert-rose', 'tree mallow', 'magnolia', 'cyclamen ', 'watercress', 'canna lily',
'hippeastrum ', 'bee balm', 'pink quill', 'foxglove', 'bougainvillea', 'camellia', 'mallow', 'mexican petunia', 'bromelia', 'blanket flower',
'trumpet creeper', 'blackberry lily', 'common tulip', 'wild rose']
NUM_OF_CLASSES = len(CLASSES)
 if calculator == COMP_ENV_TPU:
LR_MAX = 0.00005 * strategy.num_replicas_in_sync
else:
LR_MAX = 0.00005
LR_MIN = LR_MAX / 10.0
LR_START = LR_MAX / 3.0
LR_START_AMPLITUDE = LR_MAX / 4.0
LR_RAMPUP_EPOCHS = lr_epochs_profile['RAMPUP']
LR_SUSTAIN_EPOCHS = lr_epochs_profile['SUSTAIN']
LR_EXP_DECAY =.8
@tf.function
def lrfn(epoch):
if epoch < LR_RAMPUP_EPOCHS:
lr =(LR_MAX - LR_START)/ LR_RAMPUP_EPOCHS * epoch + LR_START
elif epoch < LR_RAMPUP_EPOCHS + LR_SUSTAIN_EPOCHS:
lr = LR_MAX
else:
lr =(LR_MAX - LR_MIN)* LR_EXP_DECAY**(epoch - LR_RAMPUP_EPOCHS - LR_SUSTAIN_EPOCHS)+ LR_MIN
return lr
lr_callback = tf.keras.callbacks.LearningRateScheduler(lrfn, verbose=True)
 rng = [i for i in range(EPOCHS)]
y = [lrfn(x)for x in rng]
plt.plot(rng, y)
 print("Learning rate schedule: {:.3g} to {:.3g} to {:.3g}".format(y[0], max(y), y[-1]))
early_stop_callback = keras.callbacks.EarlyStopping(
 monitor='val_loss',
min_delta=0,
patience=8,
verbose=1,
mode='auto',
restore_best_weights=True )<categorify>
mergedata_ohe = pd.get_dummies(mergedata)
 mergedata_ohe.shape
np.set_printoptions(threshold=15, linewidth=80)
 def batch_to_numpy_images_and_labels(data):
images, labels = data
numpy_images = images.numpy()
numpy_labels = labels.numpy()
if numpy_labels.dtype == object:
numpy_labels = [None for _ in enumerate(numpy_images)]
return numpy_images, numpy_labels
def title_from_label_and_target(label, correct_label):
if correct_label is None:
return CLASSES[label], True
correct =(label == correct_label)
 return "{} [{}{}{}]".format(CLASSES[label], 'OK' if correct else 'NO', u"\u2192" if not correct else '',
CLASSES[correct_label] if not correct else ''), correct
def display_one_flower(image, title, subplot, red=False, titlesize=16):
plt.subplot(*subplot)
 plt.axis('off')
 plt.imshow(image)
 if len(title)> 0:
plt.title(title, fontsize=int(titlesize)if not red else int(titlesize/1.2), color='red' if red else 'black', fontdict={'verticalalignment':'center'}, pad=int(titlesize/1.5))
return(subplot[0], subplot[1], subplot[2]+1)
 def display_batch_of_images(databatch, predictions=None):

 images, labels = batch_to_numpy_images_and_labels(databatch)
 if labels is None:
labels = [None for _ in enumerate(images)]
rows = int(math.sqrt(len(images)))
 cols = len(images)//rows
FIGSIZE = 13.0
SPACING = 0.1
subplot=(rows,cols,1)
 if rows < cols:
plt.figure(figsize=(FIGSIZE,FIGSIZE/cols*rows))
else:
plt.figure(figsize=(FIGSIZE/rows*cols,FIGSIZE))
for i,(image, label)in enumerate(zip(images[:rows*cols], labels[:rows*cols])) :
title = '' if label is None else CLASSES[np.argmax(label)]
correct = True
if predictions is not None:
title, correct = title_from_label_and_target(predictions[i], label)
 dynamic_titlesize = FIGSIZE*SPACING/max(rows,cols)*40+3
subplot = display_one_flower(image, title, subplot, not correct, titlesize=dynamic_titlesize)
 plt.tight_layout()
if label is None and predictions is None:
plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0, hspace=0)
 else:
plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=SPACING, hspace=SPACING)
 plt.show()
def display_confusion_matrix(cmat, score, precision, recall):
plt.figure(figsize=(15,15))
ax = plt.gca()
ax.matshow(cmat, cmap='Reds')
 ax.set_xticks(range(len(CLASSES)))
 ax.set_xticklabels(CLASSES, fontdict={'fontsize': 7})
 plt.setp(ax.get_xticklabels() , rotation=45, ha="left", rotation_mode="anchor")
 ax.set_yticks(range(len(CLASSES)))
 ax.set_yticklabels(CLASSES, fontdict={'fontsize': 7})
 plt.setp(ax.get_yticklabels() , rotation=45, ha="right", rotation_mode="anchor")
 titlestring = ""
if score is not None:
titlestring += 'f1 = {:.3f} '.format(score)
 if precision is not None:
titlestring += '
precision = {:.3f} '.format(precision)
 if recall is not None:
titlestring += '
recall = {:.3f} '.format(recall)
 if len(titlestring)> 0:
ax.text(101, 1, titlestring, fontdict={'fontsize': 18, 'horizontalalignment':'right', 'verticalalignment':'top', 'color':'
plt.show()
def display_training_curves(training, validation, title, subplot):
if subplot%10==1:
plt.subplots(figsize=(10,10), facecolor='
plt.tight_layout()
ax = plt.subplot(subplot)
 ax.set_facecolor('
ax.plot(training)
 ax.plot(validation)
 ax.set_title('model '+ title)
 ax.set_ylabel(title)
 ax.set_xlabel('epoch')
 ax.legend(['train', 'valid.'] )<categorify>
print(test_ohe.loss.isnull().sum())
 test_ohe = test_ohe.drop("loss", axis = 1 )
def show_training_curves(training_history):
display_training_curves(training_history.history['loss'], training_history.history['val_loss'], 'loss', 211)
 display_training_curves(training_history.history['sparse_categorical_accuracy'], training_history.history['sparse_categorical_accuracy'], 'accuracy', 212)
 def get_cmat_score_precision_recall__one_hot(models, num_of_classes, cmdataset, num_of_images):
images_ds = cmdataset.map(lambda image, label: image)
 labels_ds = cmdataset.map(lambda image, label: label ).unbatch()
cm_correct_labels = np.array(list(map(np.argmax, next(iter(labels_ds.batch(num_of_images)) ).numpy())))
 cm_probabilities = np.zeros(num_of_classes, dtype=float)
 for model in models:
probabilities = model.predict(images_ds)
 cm_probabilities = cm_probabilities + probabilities
cm_predictions = np.argmax(cm_probabilities, axis=-1)
 cmat = confusion_matrix(cm_correct_labels, cm_predictions, labels=range(num_of_classes))
score = f1_score(cm_correct_labels, cm_predictions, labels=range(num_of_classes), average='macro')
 precision = precision_score(cm_correct_labels, cm_predictions, labels=range(num_of_classes), average='macro')
 recall = recall_score(cm_correct_labels, cm_predictions, labels=range(num_of_classes), average='macro')
 cmat =(cmat.T / cmat.sum(axis=1)).T
return cmat, score, precision, recall
def get_cmat_score_precision_recall(models, alphas, num_of_classes, cmdataset, num_of_images, verbose=0):
images_ds = cmdataset.map(lambda image, label: image)
 labels_ds = cmdataset.map(lambda image, label: label ).unbatch()
cm_correct_labels = next(iter(labels_ds.batch(num_of_images)) ).numpy()
cm_probabilities = np.zeros(num_of_classes, dtype=float)
 for i in range(len(models)) :
model = models[i]
alpha = alphas[i]
probabilities = alpha * model.predict(images_ds)
 cm_probabilities = cm_probabilities + probabilities
cm_predictions = np.argmax(cm_probabilities, axis=-1)
 cmat = confusion_matrix(cm_correct_labels, cm_predictions, labels=range(num_of_classes))
score = f1_score(cm_correct_labels, cm_predictions, labels=range(num_of_classes), average='macro')
 precision = precision_score(cm_correct_labels, cm_predictions, labels=range(num_of_classes), average='macro')
 recall = recall_score(cm_correct_labels, cm_predictions, labels=range(num_of_classes), average='macro')
 cmat =(cmat.T / cmat.sum(axis=1)).T
return cmat, score, precision, recall
def show_confusion_matrix(models, num_of_classes, cmdataset, num_of_images, verbose=0):
cmat, score, precision, recall = get_cmat_score_precision_recall(models)
 print('f1 score: {:.3f}, precision: {:.3f}, recall: {:.3f}'.format(score, precision, recall))
display_confusion_matrix(cmat, score, precision, recall )<categorify>
lasso = make_pipeline(RobustScaler() , Lasso(alpha =0.0007, random_state=1))
ridge = make_pipeline(RobustScaler() , Ridge(alpha =20, random_state=42))
def count_data_items(filenames):
n = [int(re.compile(r"-([0-9]*)\." ).search(filename ).group(1)) for filename in filenames]
return np.sum(n)
 def decode_image(image_data):
image = tf.image.decode_jpeg(image_data, channels=3)
 image = tf.cast(image, tf.float32)/ 255.0
image = tf.reshape(image, [*IMAGE_SIZE, 3])
 return image
def read_labeled_tfrecord(example, one_hot=False):
LABELED_TFREC_FORMAT = {
"image": tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.string),
"class": tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.int64),
}
example = tf.io.parse_single_example(example, LABELED_TFREC_FORMAT)
 image = decode_image(example['image'])
 label = tf.cast(example['class'], tf.int32)
 if one_hot:
label = tf.one_hot(label, depth=len(CLASSES))
return image, label
def read_unlabeled_tfrecord(example):
UNLABELED_TFREC_FORMAT = {
"image": tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.string),
"id": tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.string),
}
example = tf.io.parse_single_example(example, UNLABELED_TFREC_FORMAT)
 image = decode_image(example['image'])
 idnum = example['id']
return image, idnum
def force_image_sizes(dataset, image_size):
reshape_images = lambda image, label:(tf.reshape(image, [*image_size, 3]), label)
 dataset = dataset.map(reshape_images, num_parallel_calls=AUTO)
 return dataset
def load_dataset(filenames, labeled=True, ordered=False):
ignore_order = tf.data.Options()
if not ordered:
ignore_order.experimental_deterministic = False
dataset = tf.data.TFRecordDataset(filenames, num_parallel_reads=AUTO)
 dataset = dataset.with_options(ignore_order)
 dataset = dataset.map(read_labeled_tfrecord if labeled else read_unlabeled_tfrecord, num_parallel_calls=AUTO)
 return dataset
def data_augment(image, one_hot_class):
image = tf.image.random_flip_left_right(image)
 image = tf.image.random_saturation(image, 0.8, 1)
 image = tf.image.random_brightness(image, 0.1)
 image = tf.image.random_contrast(image, 0.8, 1)
 return image, one_hot_class
def tf_tut_augment(image, label):
image = tf.image.random_flip_left_right(image)
 image = tf.image.random_flip_up_down(image)
 image = tf.image.random_saturation(image, 0.8, 1)
 image = tf.image.random_brightness(image, max_delta=0.3)
 image = tf.image.random_contrast(image, 0.8, 1)
 resize_factor =(img_size // 5)* 6
image = tf.image.resize_with_crop_or_pad(image, resize_factor, resize_factor)
 image = tf.image.random_crop(image, size=[*IMAGE_SIZE, 3])
 tf.image.random_jpeg_quality(image, 20, 100)
 return image,label
def get_training_dataset(dataset):
dataset = dataset.map(data_augment, num_parallel_calls=AUTO)
 dataset = dataset.repeat()
dataset = dataset.shuffle(2048)
 dataset = dataset.batch(BATCH_SIZE)
 dataset = dataset.prefetch(AUTO)
 return dataset
def get_validation_dataset(ordered=False):
dataset = load_dataset(VALIDATION_FILENAMES, labeled=True, ordered=ordered)
 dataset = dataset.batch(BATCH_SIZE)
 dataset = dataset.cache()
dataset = dataset.prefetch(AUTO)
 return dataset
def get_test_dataset(ordered=False):
dataset = load_dataset(TEST_FILENAMES, labeled=False, ordered=ordered)
 dataset = dataset.batch(BATCH_SIZE)
 dataset = dataset.prefetch(AUTO)
 return dataset
def calc_datasets_parameters(training_filenames, validation_filenames, test_filenames, batch_size):
NUM_TRAINING_IMAGES = count_data_items(training_filenames)
 NUM_VALIDATION_IMAGES = count_data_items(validation_filenames)
 NUM_TEST_IMAGES = count_data_items(test_filenames)
 STEPS_PER_EPOCH = NUM_TRAINING_IMAGES // batch_size
print('BASE Dataset: {} training images, {} validation images, {} unlabeled test images'.format(NUM_TRAINING_IMAGES, NUM_VALIDATION_IMAGES, NUM_TEST_IMAGES))
return NUM_TRAINING_IMAGES, NUM_VALIDATION_IMAGES, NUM_TEST_IMAGES, STEPS_PER_EPOCH
def get_raw_half_splitted_training_datasets(training_filenames):
half_of_images = count_data_items(training_filenames)// 2
dataset = load_dataset(training_filenames, labeled=True)
 dataset.shuffle(2048)
 ds_1 = dataset.take(half_of_images)
 ds_2 = dataset.skip(half_of_images)
 print("Splitted on 2 datasets with {} images".format(half_of_images))
return ds_1, ds_2
def prepare_weights(trainingdataset, num_of_classes, calculator, one_hot=False, verbose=0):
counters = np.zeros(num_of_classes, dtype=float)
 total_samples = 0.0
for batch_data in trainingdataset:
_, labels = batch_data
if one_hot:
np.add(counters, labels.numpy() , out=counters)
 else:
counters[labels.numpy() ] += 1
total_samples += 1
weights = total_samples /(num_of_classes * counters)
 weights = weights / weights.min()
if calculator == COMP_ENV_TPU:
classweights = weights.tolist()
else:
classweights = dict(enumerate(weights))
if verbose == 1 or verbose ==2:
print("Weihgting.Counters, min : {}, max : {}".format(counters.min() ,counters.max()))
if verbose ==2:
print('Ordered counts:')
 print(np.sort(counters))
print('Weights:')
 print(classweights)
 return classweights<choose_model_class>
X_train = train_ohe.drop("loss", axis = 1)
 Y_train = train_ohe["loss"]
print(X_train.shape)
 print(Y_train.shape)
 del train_ohe
def get_model_EfficientNetB7() :
return efn.EfficientNetB7(weights='noisy-student', include_top=False, input_shape=[*IMAGE_SIZE, 3])
 def get_model_DenseNet201() :
return keras.applications.DenseNet201(weights='imagenet', include_top=False, input_shape=[*IMAGE_SIZE, 3])
 def get_model_Xception() :
return keras.applications.Xception(weights='imagenet', include_top=False, input_shape=[*IMAGE_SIZE, 3])
 def get_model_ResNet50V2() :
return keras.applications.ResNet50V2(weights='imagenet', include_top=False, input_shape=[*IMAGE_SIZE, 3] )<choose_model_class>
x_train, x_valid, y_train, y_valid = train_test_split(X_train, Y_train, train_size=.90,random_state=2016)
 RANDOM_STATE = 2016
params = {
'min_child_weight': 1,
'eta': 0.03,
'colsample_bytree': 0.5,
'max_depth': 12,
'subsample': 0.8,
'alpha': 1,
'seed': RANDOM_STATE,
'gamma': 1.5,
'silent': 1,
'verbose_eval': True,
'nthread':7,
'base_score':7.76
}
xgtrain = xgb.DMatrix(x_train, label=y_train)
 xgval = xgb.DMatrix(x_valid, label=y_valid)
 watchlist = [(xgtrain,'train'),(xgval,'eval')]
model = xgb.train(params, xgtrain,300, watchlist,verbose_eval=True)
 del xgtrain
del xgval
xgtest = xgb.DMatrix(test_ohe)
 test_y_log = model.predict(xgtest)
 test_y = np.exp(1)**test_y_log
def create_model(pretrained_model, num_of_classes):
pretrained_model.trainable = True
model = tf.keras.Sequential([
pretrained_model,
keras.layers.GlobalAveragePooling2D() ,
keras.layers.Dense(NUM_OF_CLASSES, activation=None, name='Output_features'),
keras.layers.Softmax()
])
 return model
def create_Ranger_optimizer(lr, min_lr, total_steps):
radam = tfa.optimizers.RectifiedAdam(
 lr=lr,
total_steps=total_steps,
warmup_proportion=0.1,
min_lr=min_lr, 
)
 ranger = tfa.optimizers.Lookahead(radam, sync_period=6, slow_step_size=0.5)
 return ranger
def create_model_1(num_of_classes):
model = create_model(get_model_EfficientNetB7() , num_of_classes)
 model.compile(
 optimizer = keras.optimizers.Adam() ,
loss = keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=False),
metrics=['sparse_categorical_accuracy'] 
)
 return model
def create_model_2(num_of_classes):
model = create_model(get_model_DenseNet201() , num_of_classes)
 model.compile(
 optimizer = keras.optimizers.Adam() ,
loss = keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=False),
metrics=['sparse_categorical_accuracy'] 
)
 return model 
<define_search_space>
del X_train
del y_train
<load_pretrained><EOS> 
submission = pd.DataFrame()
submission["id"] = test_id
print(test_y.shape)
 print(test_id.shape)
 submission["loss"] = test_y
submission.to_csv("submission_svm_l.csv", index=False )