Kaggle competition: PetFinder.my Adoption Prediction
<SOS> metric: QuadraticWeightedKappa Kaggle data source: petfinder.my-adoption-prediction<compute_test_metric>
%matplotlib inline
np.random.seed(seed=1337)
 warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
 split_char = '/'
optR = OptimizedRounder()
coefficients_ = np.mean(results['coefficients'], axis=0)
 print(coefficients_)
<predict_on_test>
train = pd.read_csv('.. /input/petfinder-adoption-prediction/train/train.csv')
 test = pd.read_csv('.. /input/petfinder-adoption-prediction/test/test.csv')
 sample_submission = pd.read_csv('.. /input/petfinder-adoption-prediction/test/sample_submission.csv' )
coefficients_[0] = 1.645
coefficients_[1] = 2.115
coefficients_[3] = 2.84
train_predictions = results['train']
train_predictions = optR.predict(train_predictions, coefficients_ ).astype(int)
 Counter(train_predictions)
 print(quadratic_weighted_kappa(train_predictions,target))<compute_train_metric>
import cv2
import os
from keras.applications.densenet import preprocess_input, DenseNet121
optR = OptimizedRounder()
coefficients_ = np.mean(results['coefficients'], axis=0)
 print(coefficients_)
 coefficients_[0] = 1.645
coefficients_[1] = 2.115
coefficients_[3] = 2.84
test_predictions = results['test']
test_predictions = optR.predict(test_predictions, coefficients_ ).astype(int)
 Counter(test_predictions )<count_values>
img_size = 256
batch_size = 32
print("True Distribution:")
 print(pd.value_counts(target, normalize=True ).sort_index())
 print("Test Predicted Distribution:")
 print(pd.value_counts(test_predictions, normalize=True ).sort_index())
 print("Train Predicted Distribution:")
 print(pd.value_counts(train_predictions, normalize=True ).sort_index() )<create_dataframe>
inp = Input(( 256,256,3))
backbone = DenseNet121(input_tensor = inp,
weights=".. /input/densenet-keras/DenseNet-BC-121-32-no-top.h5",
include_top = False)
 x = backbone.output
x = GlobalAveragePooling2D()(x)
 x = Lambda(lambda x: K.expand_dims(x,axis = -1))(x)
 x = AveragePooling1D(4 )(x)
 out = Lambda(lambda x: x[:,:,0] )(x)
 m = Model(inp,out )
pd.DataFrame(sk_cmatrix(target, train_predictions), index=list(range(5)) , columns=list(range(5)) )<compute_test_metric>
pet_ids = train['PetID'].values
n_batches = len(pet_ids)// batch_size + 1
features = {}
for b in tqdm(range(n_batches)) :
start = b*batch_size
end =(b+1)*batch_size
batch_pets = pet_ids[start:end]
batch_images = np.zeros(( len(batch_pets),img_size,img_size,3))
for i,pet_id in enumerate(batch_pets):
try:
batch_images[i] = load_image(".. /input/petfinder-adoption-prediction/train_images/", pet_id)
 except:
pass
batch_preds = m.predict(batch_images)
 for i,pet_id in enumerate(batch_pets):
features[pet_id] = batch_preds[i]
quadratic_weighted_kappa(target, train_predictions)
 rmse(target, results['train'])
 submission = pd.DataFrame({'PetID': test_id, 'AdoptionSpeed': test_predictions})
 submission.head()<save_to_csv>
train_feats = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(features, orient='index')
 train_feats.columns = [f'pic_{i}' for i in range(train_feats.shape[1])]
submission.to_csv('submission.csv', index=False )<save_to_csv>
pet_ids = test['PetID'].values
n_batches = len(pet_ids)// batch_size + 1
features = {}
for b in tqdm(range(n_batches)) :
start = b*batch_size
end =(b+1)*batch_size
batch_pets = pet_ids[start:end]
batch_images = np.zeros(( len(batch_pets),img_size,img_size,3))
for i,pet_id in enumerate(batch_pets):
try:
batch_images[i] = load_image(".. /input/petfinder-adoption-prediction/test_images/", pet_id)
 except:
pass
batch_preds = m.predict(batch_images)
 for i,pet_id in enumerate(batch_pets):
features[pet_id] = batch_preds[i]
submission.to_csv('submission.csv', index=False )<set_options>
test_feats = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(features, orient='index')
 test_feats.columns = [f'pic_{i}' for i in range(test_feats.shape[1])]
%load_ext autoreload
%autoreload 2
%matplotlib inline
seed = 93<set_options>
train_feats = train_feats.reset_index()
train_feats.rename({'index': 'PetID'}, axis='columns', inplace=True)
 test_feats = test_feats.reset_index()
test_feats.rename({'index': 'PetID'}, axis='columns', inplace=True )
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
 plt.style.use('ggplot')
<define_variables>
all_ids = pd.concat([train, test], axis=0, ignore_index=True, sort=False)[['PetID']]
all_ids.shape
PATH = '.. /input/'<load_from_csv>
n_components = 32
svd_ = TruncatedSVD(n_components=n_components, random_state=1337)
 features_df = pd.concat([train_feats, test_feats], axis=0)
 features = features_df[[f'pic_{i}' for i in range(256)]].values
svd_col = svd_.fit_transform(features)
 svd_col = pd.DataFrame(svd_col)
 svd_col = svd_col.add_prefix('IMG_SVD_')
 img_features = pd.concat([all_ids, svd_col], axis=1 )
train_raw = pd.read_csv(f'{PATH}/train/train.csv', low_memory=False)
 test_raw = pd.read_csv(f'{PATH}/test/test.csv', low_memory=False )<count_missing_values>
labels_breed = pd.read_csv('.. /input/petfinder-adoption-prediction/breed_labels.csv')
 labels_state = pd.read_csv('.. /input/petfinder-adoption-prediction/color_labels.csv')
 labels_color = pd.read_csv('.. /input/petfinder-adoption-prediction/state_labels.csv' )
train_raw.isnull().sum(axis=0 )<sort_values>
train_image_files = sorted(glob.glob('.. /input/petfinder-adoption-prediction/train_images/*.jpg'))
train_metadata_files = sorted(glob.glob('.. /input/petfinder-adoption-prediction/train_metadata/*.json'))
train_sentiment_files = sorted(glob.glob('.. /input/petfinder-adoption-prediction/train_sentiment/*.json'))
print(f'num of train images files: {len(train_image_files)}')
 print(f'num of train metadata files: {len(train_metadata_files)}')
 print(f'num of train sentiment files: {len(train_sentiment_files)}')
 test_image_files = sorted(glob.glob('.. /input/petfinder-adoption-prediction/test_images/*.jpg'))
test_metadata_files = sorted(glob.glob('.. /input/petfinder-adoption-prediction/test_metadata/*.json'))
test_sentiment_files = sorted(glob.glob('.. /input/petfinder-adoption-prediction/test_sentiment/*.json'))
print(f'num of test images files: {len(test_image_files)}')
 print(f'num of test metadata files: {len(test_metadata_files)}')
 print(f'num of test sentiment files: {len(test_sentiment_files)}' )
train_raw.isnull().sum(axis=1 ).sort_values(ascending=False ).head(10 )<concatenate>
class PetFinderParser(object):
def __init__(self, debug=False):
self.debug = debug
self.sentence_sep = ' '
self.extract_sentiment_text = False
def open_json_file(self, filename):
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8')as f:
json_file = json.load(f)
 return json_file
def parse_sentiment_file(self, file):

 file_sentiment = file['documentSentiment']
file_entities = [x['name'] for x in file['entities']]
file_entities = self.sentence_sep.join(file_entities)
 file_sentences_sentiment = [x['sentiment'] for x in file['sentences']]
file_sentences_sentiment = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(
 file_sentences_sentiment, orient='columns')
 file_sentences_sentiment_df = pd.DataFrame(
 {
'magnitude_sum': file_sentences_sentiment['magnitude'].sum(axis=0),
'score_sum': file_sentences_sentiment['score'].sum(axis=0),
'magnitude_mean': file_sentences_sentiment['magnitude'].mean(axis=0),
'score_mean': file_sentences_sentiment['score'].mean(axis=0),
'magnitude_var': file_sentences_sentiment['magnitude'].var(axis=0),
'score_var': file_sentences_sentiment['score'].var(axis=0),
}, index=[0] 
)
 df_sentiment = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(file_sentiment, orient='index' ).T
df_sentiment = pd.concat([df_sentiment, file_sentences_sentiment_df], axis=1)
 df_sentiment['entities'] = file_entities
df_sentiment = df_sentiment.add_prefix('sentiment_')
 return df_sentiment
def parse_metadata_file(self, file):

 file_keys = list(file.keys())
 if 'labelAnnotations' in file_keys:
file_annots = file['labelAnnotations']
file_top_score = np.asarray([x['score'] for x in file_annots] ).mean()
file_top_desc = [x['description'] for x in file_annots]
else:
file_top_score = np.nan
file_top_desc = ['']
file_colors = file['imagePropertiesAnnotation']['dominantColors']['colors']
file_crops = file['cropHintsAnnotation']['cropHints']
file_color_score = np.asarray([x['score'] for x in file_colors] ).mean()
file_color_pixelfrac = np.asarray([x['pixelFraction'] for x in file_colors] ).mean()
file_crop_conf = np.asarray([x['confidence'] for x in file_crops] ).mean()
if 'importanceFraction' in file_crops[0].keys() :
file_crop_importance = np.asarray([x['importanceFraction'] for x in file_crops] ).mean()
else:
file_crop_importance = np.nan
df_metadata = {
'annots_score': file_top_score,
'color_score': file_color_score,
'color_pixelfrac': file_color_pixelfrac,
'crop_conf': file_crop_conf,
'crop_importance': file_crop_importance,
'annots_top_desc': self.sentence_sep.join(file_top_desc)
 }
df_metadata = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(df_metadata, orient='index' ).T
df_metadata = df_metadata.add_prefix('metadata_')
 return df_metadata
def extract_additional_features(pet_id, mode='train'):
sentiment_filename = f'.. /input/petfinder-adoption-prediction/{mode}_sentiment/{pet_id}.json'
try:
sentiment_file = pet_parser.open_json_file(sentiment_filename)
 df_sentiment = pet_parser.parse_sentiment_file(sentiment_file)
 df_sentiment['PetID'] = pet_id
except FileNotFoundError:
df_sentiment = []
dfs_metadata = []
metadata_filenames = sorted(glob.glob(f'.. /input/petfinder-adoption-prediction/{mode}_metadata/{pet_id}*.json'))
if len(metadata_filenames)> 0:
for f in metadata_filenames:
metadata_file = pet_parser.open_json_file(f)
 df_metadata = pet_parser.parse_metadata_file(metadata_file)
 df_metadata['PetID'] = pet_id
dfs_metadata.append(df_metadata)
 dfs_metadata = pd.concat(dfs_metadata, ignore_index=True, sort=False)
 dfs = [df_sentiment, dfs_metadata]
return dfs
pet_parser = PetFinderParser()
train_raw['from_dataset'] = 'train'
test_raw['from_dataset'] = 'test'
alldata = pd.concat([train_raw, test_raw], axis = 0 )<count_unique_values>
aggregates = ['sum', 'mean', 'var']
sent_agg = ['sum']
train_metadata_desc = train_dfs_metadata.groupby(['PetID'])['metadata_annots_top_desc'].unique()
train_metadata_desc = train_metadata_desc.reset_index()
train_metadata_desc[
'metadata_annots_top_desc'] = train_metadata_desc[
'metadata_annots_top_desc'].apply(lambda x: ' '.join(x))
prefix = 'metadata'
train_metadata_gr = train_dfs_metadata.drop(['metadata_annots_top_desc'], axis=1)
 for i in train_metadata_gr.columns:
if 'PetID' not in i:
train_metadata_gr[i] = train_metadata_gr[i].astype(float)
 train_metadata_gr = train_metadata_gr.groupby(['PetID'] ).agg(aggregates)
 train_metadata_gr.columns = pd.Index([f'{c[0]}_{c[1].upper() }' for c in train_metadata_gr.columns.tolist() ])
 train_metadata_gr = train_metadata_gr.reset_index()
train_sentiment_desc = train_dfs_sentiment.groupby(['PetID'])['sentiment_entities'].unique()
train_sentiment_desc = train_sentiment_desc.reset_index()
train_sentiment_desc[
'sentiment_entities'] = train_sentiment_desc[
'sentiment_entities'].apply(lambda x: ' '.join(x))
prefix = 'sentiment'
train_sentiment_gr = train_dfs_sentiment.drop(['sentiment_entities'], axis=1)
 for i in train_sentiment_gr.columns:
if 'PetID' not in i:
train_sentiment_gr[i] = train_sentiment_gr[i].astype(float)
 train_sentiment_gr = train_sentiment_gr.groupby(['PetID'] ).agg(sent_agg)
 train_sentiment_gr.columns = pd.Index([f'{c[0]}' for c in train_sentiment_gr.columns.tolist() ])
 train_sentiment_gr = train_sentiment_gr.reset_index()
test_metadata_desc = test_dfs_metadata.groupby(['PetID'])['metadata_annots_top_desc'].unique()
test_metadata_desc = test_metadata_desc.reset_index()
test_metadata_desc[
'metadata_annots_top_desc'] = test_metadata_desc[
'metadata_annots_top_desc'].apply(lambda x: ' '.join(x))
prefix = 'metadata'
test_metadata_gr = test_dfs_metadata.drop(['metadata_annots_top_desc'], axis=1)
 for i in test_metadata_gr.columns:
if 'PetID' not in i:
test_metadata_gr[i] = test_metadata_gr[i].astype(float)
 test_metadata_gr = test_metadata_gr.groupby(['PetID'] ).agg(aggregates)
 test_metadata_gr.columns = pd.Index([f'{c[0]}_{c[1].upper() }' for c in test_metadata_gr.columns.tolist() ])
 test_metadata_gr = test_metadata_gr.reset_index()
test_sentiment_desc = test_dfs_sentiment.groupby(['PetID'])['sentiment_entities'].unique()
test_sentiment_desc = test_sentiment_desc.reset_index()
test_sentiment_desc[
'sentiment_entities'] = test_sentiment_desc[
'sentiment_entities'].apply(lambda x: ' '.join(x))
prefix = 'sentiment'
test_sentiment_gr = test_dfs_sentiment.drop(['sentiment_entities'], axis=1)
 for i in test_sentiment_gr.columns:
if 'PetID' not in i:
test_sentiment_gr[i] = test_sentiment_gr[i].astype(float)
 test_sentiment_gr = test_sentiment_gr.groupby(['PetID'] ).agg(sent_agg)
 test_sentiment_gr.columns = pd.Index([f'{c[0]}' for c in test_sentiment_gr.columns.tolist() ])
 test_sentiment_gr = test_sentiment_gr.reset_index()
feats_counts = alldata.nunique(dropna = False )<sort_values>
train_proc = train.copy()
train_proc = train_proc.merge(
 train_sentiment_gr, how='left', on='PetID')
 train_proc = train_proc.merge(
 train_metadata_gr, how='left', on='PetID')
 train_proc = train_proc.merge(
 train_metadata_desc, how='left', on='PetID')
 train_proc = train_proc.merge(
 train_sentiment_desc, how='left', on='PetID')
 test_proc = test.copy()
test_proc = test_proc.merge(
 test_sentiment_gr, how='left', on='PetID')
 test_proc = test_proc.merge(
 test_metadata_gr, how='left', on='PetID')
 test_proc = test_proc.merge(
 test_metadata_desc, how='left', on='PetID')
 test_proc = test_proc.merge(
 test_sentiment_desc, how='left', on='PetID')
 print(train_proc.shape, test_proc.shape)
 assert train_proc.shape[0] == train.shape[0]
assert test_proc.shape[0] == test.shape[0]
feats_counts.sort_values() [:10]<correct_missing_values>
train_breed_main = train_proc[['Breed1']].merge(
 labels_breed, how='left',
left_on='Breed1', right_on='BreedID',
suffixes=('', '_main_breed'))
train_breed_main = train_breed_main.iloc[:, 2:]
train_breed_main = train_breed_main.add_prefix('main_breed_')
 train_breed_second = train_proc[['Breed2']].merge(
 labels_breed, how='left',
left_on='Breed2', right_on='BreedID',
suffixes=('', '_second_breed'))
train_breed_second = train_breed_second.iloc[:, 2:]
train_breed_second = train_breed_second.add_prefix('second_breed_')
 train_proc = pd.concat(
 [train_proc, train_breed_main, train_breed_second], axis=1)
 test_breed_main = test_proc[['Breed1']].merge(
 labels_breed, how='left',
left_on='Breed1', right_on='BreedID',
suffixes=('', '_main_breed'))
test_breed_main = test_breed_main.iloc[:, 2:]
test_breed_main = test_breed_main.add_prefix('main_breed_')
 test_breed_second = test_proc[['Breed2']].merge(
 labels_breed, how='left',
left_on='Breed2', right_on='BreedID',
suffixes=('', '_second_breed'))
test_breed_second = test_breed_second.iloc[:, 2:]
test_breed_second = test_breed_second.add_prefix('second_breed_')
 test_proc = pd.concat(
 [test_proc, test_breed_main, test_breed_second], axis=1)
 print(train_proc.shape, test_proc.shape )
alldata.fillna('NaN', inplace=True )<count_values>
X = pd.concat([train_proc, test_proc], ignore_index=True, sort=False )
alldata['Age'].value_counts().head(20 )<feature_engineering>
X_temp = X.copy()
text_columns = ['Description', 'metadata_annots_top_desc', 'sentiment_entities']
categorical_columns = ['main_breed_BreedName', 'second_breed_BreedName']
to_drop_columns = ['PetID', 'Name', 'RescuerID']
alldata['age_mod_12'] = alldata['Age'].apply(lambda x: True if(x%12)==0 else False )<filter>
rescuer_count = X.groupby(['RescuerID'])['PetID'].count().reset_index()
rescuer_count.columns = ['RescuerID', 'RescuerID_COUNT']
X_temp = X_temp.merge(rescuer_count, how='left', on='RescuerID' )
dogs = alldata.loc[alldata['Type'] == 1]
cats = alldata.loc[alldata['Type'] == 2]<count_values>
for i in categorical_columns:
X_temp.loc[:, i] = pd.factorize(X_temp.loc[:, i])[0]
dogs['Name'].value_counts().head(20 )<count_values>
X_text = X_temp[text_columns]
for i in X_text.columns:
X_text.loc[:, i] = X_text.loc[:, i].fillna('none' )
cats['Name'].value_counts().head(20 )<feature_engineering>
X_temp['Length_Description'] = X_text['Description'].map(len)
 X_temp['Length_metadata_annots_top_desc'] = X_text['metadata_annots_top_desc'].map(len)
 X_temp['Lengths_sentiment_entities'] = X_text['sentiment_entities'].map(len )
alldata['NaN_name'] = alldata['Name'].apply(lambda x: True if str(x)== 'NaN' else False )<count_values>
n_components = 16
text_features = []
for i in X_text.columns:
print(f'generating features from: {i}')
 tfv = TfidfVectorizer(min_df=2, max_features=None,
strip_accents='unicode', analyzer='word', token_pattern=r'(?u)\b\w+\b',
ngram_range=(1, 3), use_idf=1, smooth_idf=1, sublinear_tf=1)
 svd_ = TruncatedSVD(
 n_components=n_components, random_state=1337)
 tfidf_col = tfv.fit_transform(X_text.loc[:, i].values)
 svd_col = svd_.fit_transform(tfidf_col)
 svd_col = pd.DataFrame(svd_col)
 svd_col = svd_col.add_prefix('TFIDF_{}_'.format(i))
text_features.append(svd_col)
 text_features = pd.concat(text_features, axis=1)
 X_temp = pd.concat([X_temp, text_features], axis=1)
 for i in X_text.columns:
X_temp = X_temp.drop(i, axis=1 )
alldata['NaN_name'].value_counts()<feature_engineering>
X_temp = X_temp.merge(img_features, how='left', on='PetID' )
alldata['name_len_one_or_two'] = alldata['Name'].apply(lambda x: True if len(str(x)) < 3 else False )<count_values>
train_df_ids = train[['PetID']]
test_df_ids = test[['PetID']]
train_df_imgs = pd.DataFrame(train_image_files)
 train_df_imgs.columns = ['image_filename']
train_imgs_pets = train_df_imgs['image_filename'].apply(lambda x: x.split(split_char)[-1].split('-')[0])
 test_df_imgs = pd.DataFrame(test_image_files)
 test_df_imgs.columns = ['image_filename']
test_imgs_pets = test_df_imgs['image_filename'].apply(lambda x: x.split(split_char)[-1].split('-')[0])
 train_df_imgs = train_df_imgs.assign(PetID=train_imgs_pets)
 test_df_imgs = test_df_imgs.assign(PetID=test_imgs_pets)
 def getSize(filename):
st = os.stat(filename)
 return st.st_size
def getDimensions(filename):
img_size = Image.open(filename ).size
return img_size
train_df_imgs['image_size'] = train_df_imgs['image_filename'].apply(getSize)
 train_df_imgs['temp_size'] = train_df_imgs['image_filename'].apply(getDimensions)
 train_df_imgs['width'] = train_df_imgs['temp_size'].apply(lambda x : x[0])
 train_df_imgs['height'] = train_df_imgs['temp_size'].apply(lambda x : x[1])
 train_df_imgs = train_df_imgs.drop(['temp_size'], axis=1)
 test_df_imgs['image_size'] = test_df_imgs['image_filename'].apply(getSize)
 test_df_imgs['temp_size'] = test_df_imgs['image_filename'].apply(getDimensions)
 test_df_imgs['width'] = test_df_imgs['temp_size'].apply(lambda x : x[0])
 test_df_imgs['height'] = test_df_imgs['temp_size'].apply(lambda x : x[1])
 test_df_imgs = test_df_imgs.drop(['temp_size'], axis=1)
 aggs = {
'image_size': ['sum', 'mean', 'var'],
'width': ['sum', 'mean', 'var'],
'height': ['sum', 'mean', 'var'],
}
agg_train_imgs = train_df_imgs.groupby('PetID' ).agg(aggs)
 new_columns = [
k + '_' + agg for k in aggs.keys() for agg in aggs[k]
]
agg_train_imgs.columns = new_columns
agg_train_imgs = agg_train_imgs.reset_index()
agg_test_imgs = test_df_imgs.groupby('PetID' ).agg(aggs)
 new_columns = [
k + '_' + agg for k in aggs.keys() for agg in aggs[k]
]
agg_test_imgs.columns = new_columns
agg_test_imgs = agg_test_imgs.reset_index()
agg_imgs = pd.concat([agg_train_imgs, agg_test_imgs], axis=0 ).reset_index(drop=True )
alldata['name_len_one_or_two'].value_counts()<count_values>
X_temp = X_temp.merge(agg_imgs, how='left', on='PetID' )
train_raw['RescuerID'].value_counts().head(15 )<count_values>
X_temp = X_temp.drop(to_drop_columns, axis=1 )
test_raw['RescuerID'].value_counts().head(15 )<count_values>
X_train_non_null = X_train.fillna(-1)
 X_test_non_null = X_test.fillna(-1 )
top_20_rescuers = list(train_raw['RescuerID'].value_counts() [:20].index)
 top_20_data = train_raw.loc[train_raw['RescuerID'].isin(top_20_rescuers)]<merge>
X_train_non_null.isnull().any().any() , X_test_non_null.isnull().any().any()
def desc_len_feature(df):
descs = np.stack([item for item in df.Description])
 desc_len = [len(item)for item in descs]
df['desc_length'] = desc_len
def rescue_count_feature(df):
rescuers_df = pd.DataFrame(df.RescuerID)
 rescuer_counts = rescuers_df.apply(pd.value_counts)
 rescuer_counts.columns = ['rescue_count']
rescuer_counts['RescuerID'] = rescuer_counts.index
df = df.merge(rescuer_counts, how='left', on='RescuerID')
 return df
def name_len_feature(df):
names = np.stack([item for item in df.Name])
 name_len = [len(item)for item in names]
df['name_length'] = name_len
return df 
<feature_engineering>
def confusion_matrix(rater_a, rater_b, min_rating=None, max_rating=None):

 assert(len(rater_a)== len(rater_b))
if min_rating is None:
min_rating = min(rater_a + rater_b)
 if max_rating is None:
max_rating = max(rater_a + rater_b)
 num_ratings = int(max_rating - min_rating + 1)
 conf_mat = [[0 for i in range(num_ratings)]
for j in range(num_ratings)]
for a, b in zip(rater_a, rater_b):
conf_mat[a - min_rating][b - min_rating] += 1
return conf_mat
def histogram(ratings, min_rating=None, max_rating=None):

 if min_rating is None:
min_rating = min(ratings)
 if max_rating is None:
max_rating = max(ratings)
 num_ratings = int(max_rating - min_rating + 1)
 hist_ratings = [0 for x in range(num_ratings)]
for r in ratings:
hist_ratings[r - min_rating] += 1
return hist_ratings
def quadratic_weighted_kappa(y, y_pred):

 rater_a = y
rater_b = y_pred
min_rating=None
max_rating=None
rater_a = np.array(rater_a, dtype=int)
 rater_b = np.array(rater_b, dtype=int)
 assert(len(rater_a)== len(rater_b))
if min_rating is None:
min_rating = min(min(rater_a), min(rater_b))
if max_rating is None:
max_rating = max(max(rater_a), max(rater_b))
conf_mat = confusion_matrix(rater_a, rater_b,
min_rating, max_rating)
 num_ratings = len(conf_mat)
 num_scored_items = float(len(rater_a))
hist_rater_a = histogram(rater_a, min_rating, max_rating)
 hist_rater_b = histogram(rater_b, min_rating, max_rating)
 numerator = 0.0
denominator = 0.0
for i in range(num_ratings):
for j in range(num_ratings):
expected_count =(hist_rater_a[i] * hist_rater_b[j]
/ num_scored_items)
 d = pow(i - j, 2.0)/ pow(num_ratings - 1, 2.0)
 numerator += d * conf_mat[i][j] / num_scored_items
denominator += d * expected_count / num_scored_items
return(1.0 - numerator / denominator )
alldata['RescuerID'] = alldata.RescuerID.astype('category')
 alldata['RescuerID'] = alldata.RescuerID.cat.codes
desc_len_feature(alldata)
 name_len_feature(alldata)
 alldata = rescue_count_feature(alldata )<feature_engineering>
class OptimizedRounder(object):
def __init__(self):
self.coef_ = 0
def _kappa_loss(self, coef, X, y):
preds = pd.cut(X, [-np.inf] + list(np.sort(coef)) + [np.inf], labels = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
 return -cohen_kappa_score(y, preds, weights='quadratic')
 def fit(self, X, y):
loss_partial = partial(self._kappa_loss, X = X, y = y)
 initial_coef = [0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5]
self.coef_ = sp.optimize.minimize(loss_partial, initial_coef, method='nelder-mead')
 def predict(self, X, coef):
preds = pd.cut(X, [-np.inf] + list(np.sort(coef)) + [np.inf], labels = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
 return preds
def coefficients(self):
return self.coef_['x']
def parse_sentiment_files(datatype):
sentiments = {}
for filename in os.listdir('.. /input/' + datatype + '_sentiment'):
with open('.. /input/' + datatype + '_sentiment/' + filename, 'r')as f:
sentiment = json.load(f)
 pet_id = filename.split('.')[0]
sentiments[pet_id] = {}
sentiments[pet_id]['magnitude'] = sentiment['documentSentiment']['magnitude']
sentiments[pet_id]['score'] = sentiment['documentSentiment']['score']
sentiments[pet_id]['language'] = sentiment['language']
return sentiments
def sentiment_features(df, sentiments):
df['lang'] = df['PetID'].apply(lambda x: sentiments[x]['language']
if x in sentiments else 'no')
 df['magnitude'] = df['PetID'].apply(lambda x: sentiments[x]['magnitude']
if x in sentiments else 0)
 df['score'] = df['PetID'].apply(lambda x: sentiments[x]['magnitude']
if x in sentiments else 0)
 return df<feature_engineering>
xgb_params = {
'eval_metric': 'rmse',
'seed': 1337,
'eta': 0.0123,
'subsample': 0.8,
'colsample_bytree': 0.85,
'tree_method': 'gpu_hist',
'device': 'gpu',
'silent': 1,
}
train_sentiment = parse_sentiment_files('train')
 test_sentiment = parse_sentiment_files('test')
 sentiment_features(alldata, train_sentiment);
sentiment_features(alldata, test_sentiment);<count_values>
def run_xgb(params, X_train, X_test):
n_splits = 5
verbose_eval = 1000
num_rounds = 30000
early_stop = 500
kf = StratifiedKFold(n_splits=n_splits, shuffle=True, random_state=1337)
 oof_train = np.zeros(( X_train.shape[0]))
oof_test = np.zeros(( X_test.shape[0], n_splits))
i = 0
for train_idx, valid_idx in kf.split(X_train, X_train['AdoptionSpeed'].values):
X_tr = X_train.iloc[train_idx, :]
X_val = X_train.iloc[valid_idx, :]
y_tr = X_tr['AdoptionSpeed'].values
X_tr = X_tr.drop(['AdoptionSpeed'], axis=1)
 y_val = X_val['AdoptionSpeed'].values
X_val = X_val.drop(['AdoptionSpeed'], axis=1)
 d_train = xgb.DMatrix(data=X_tr, label=y_tr, feature_names=X_tr.columns)
 d_valid = xgb.DMatrix(data=X_val, label=y_val, feature_names=X_val.columns)
 watchlist = [(d_train, 'train'),(d_valid, 'valid')]
model = xgb.train(dtrain=d_train, num_boost_round=num_rounds, evals=watchlist,
early_stopping_rounds=early_stop, verbose_eval=verbose_eval, params=params)
 valid_pred = model.predict(xgb.DMatrix(X_val, feature_names=X_val.columns), ntree_limit=model.best_ntree_limit)
 test_pred = model.predict(xgb.DMatrix(X_test, feature_names=X_test.columns), ntree_limit=model.best_ntree_limit)
 oof_train[valid_idx] = valid_pred
oof_test[:, i] = test_pred
i += 1
return model, oof_train, oof_test
cols = ['Breed1']
for col in cols:
frequencies = dict(alldata[col].value_counts() /alldata[col].shape[0])
 alldata[col + '_frequency'] = alldata[col].apply(lambda x: frequencies[x] )<define_variables>
model, oof_train, oof_test = run_xgb(xgb_params, X_train_non_null, X_test_non_null )
headlines = ["President trump won the election", "The world was shocked",
"Barcelona won the champions league"]<categorify>
optR = OptimizedRounder()
optR.fit(oof_train, X_train['AdoptionSpeed'].values)
 coefficients = optR.coefficients()
valid_pred = optR.predict(oof_train, coefficients)
 qwk = quadratic_weighted_kappa(X_train['AdoptionSpeed'].values, valid_pred)
 print("QWK = ", qwk )
vectorizer = CountVectorizer(analyzer='word')
 X = vectorizer.fit_transform(headlines)
 columns = [x for x in vectorizer.get_feature_names() ]
pd.DataFrame(X.todense() , columns=columns )<categorify>
coefficients_ = coefficients.copy()
coefficients_[0] = 1.65
coefficients_[1] = 2.12
coefficients_[3] = 2.84
train_predictions = optR.predict(oof_train, coefficients_ ).astype(np.int8)
 print(f'train pred distribution: {Counter(train_predictions)}')
 test_predictions = optR.predict(oof_test.mean(axis=1), coefficients_ ).astype(np.int8)
 print(f'test pred distribution: {Counter(test_predictions)}' )
count_matrix = pd.DataFrame(X.todense() , columns=columns)
 tfidf = TfidfTransformer()
inverse_frequencies = tfidf.fit_transform(count_matrix)
 pd.DataFrame(inverse_frequencies.todense() , columns=columns )<feature_engineering>
Counter(train_predictions )
def tfidf_features(corpus):
tfv = TfidfVectorizer(min_df=2, max_features=None,
strip_accents='unicode', analyzer='word', token_pattern=r'(?u)\b\w+\b',
ngram_range=(1, 3), use_idf=1, smooth_idf=1, sublinear_tf=1,)
 tfv.fit(list(corpus))
X = tfv.transform(corpus)
 return X
def svd_features(df, freq_matrix, n_comps=1):
svd = TruncatedSVD(n_components=n_comps)
 svd.fit(freq_matrix)
 freq_matrix = svd.transform(freq_matrix)
 freq_matrix = pd.DataFrame(freq_matrix, columns=['svd_{}'.format(i)for i in range(n_comps)])
 df = pd.concat(( df, freq_matrix), axis=1)
 return df<feature_engineering>
Counter(test_predictions )
<feature_engineering><EOS> 
submission = pd.DataFrame({'PetID': test['PetID'].values, 'AdoptionSpeed': test_predictions})
 submission.to_csv('submission.csv', index=False)
 submission.head()