Kaggle competition: House Prices - Advanced Regression Techniques
<SOS> metric: rmsle Kaggle data source: house-prices-advanced-regression-techniques<statistical_test>
%matplotlib inline
color = sns.color_palette()
sns.set_style('darkgrid')
 def ignore_warn(*args, **kwargs):
pass
warnings.warn = ignore_warn
pd.set_option('display.float_format', lambda x: '{:.3f}'.format(x))
print(check_output(["ls", ".. /input"] ).decode("utf8"))
for dirname, _, filenames in os.walk('/kaggle/input'):
for filename in filenames:
print(os.path.join(dirname, filename))
def load_glove(word_index):
EMBEDDING_FILE = '.. /input/embeddings/glove.840B.300d/glove.840B.300d.txt'
def get_coefs(word,*arr): return word, np.asarray(arr, dtype='float32')
 embeddings_index = dict(get_coefs(*o.split(" ")) for o in open(EMBEDDING_FILE))
all_embs = np.stack(embeddings_index.values())
 emb_mean,emb_std = -0.005838499,0.48782197
embed_size = all_embs.shape[1]
nb_words = min(max_features, len(word_index))
embedding_matrix = np.random.normal(emb_mean, emb_std,(nb_words, embed_size))
for word, i in word_index.items() :
if i >= max_features: continue
embedding_vector = embeddings_index.get(word)
 if embedding_vector is not None: embedding_matrix[i] = embedding_vector
return embedding_matrix
def load_fasttext(word_index):
EMBEDDING_FILE = '.. /input/embeddings/wiki-news-300d-1M/wiki-news-300d-1M.vec'
def get_coefs(word,*arr): return word, np.asarray(arr, dtype='float32')
 embeddings_index = dict(get_coefs(*o.split(" ")) for o in open(EMBEDDING_FILE)if len(o)>100)
 all_embs = np.stack(embeddings_index.values())
 emb_mean,emb_std = all_embs.mean() , all_embs.std()
embed_size = all_embs.shape[1]
nb_words = min(max_features, len(word_index))
embedding_matrix = np.random.normal(emb_mean, emb_std,(nb_words, embed_size))
for word, i in word_index.items() :
if i >= max_features: continue
embedding_vector = embeddings_index.get(word)
 if embedding_vector is not None: embedding_matrix[i] = embedding_vector
return embedding_matrix
def load_para(word_index):
EMBEDDING_FILE = '.. /input/embeddings/paragram_300_sl999/paragram_300_sl999.txt'
def get_coefs(word,*arr): return word, np.asarray(arr, dtype='float32')
 embeddings_index = dict(get_coefs(*o.split(" ")) for o in open(EMBEDDING_FILE, encoding="utf8", errors='ignore')if len(o)>100)
 all_embs = np.stack(embeddings_index.values())
 emb_mean,emb_std = -0.0053247833,0.49346462
embed_size = all_embs.shape[1]
print(emb_mean,emb_std,"para")
 nb_words = min(max_features, len(word_index))
embedding_matrix = np.random.normal(emb_mean, emb_std,(nb_words, embed_size))
for word, i in word_index.items() :
if i >= max_features: continue
embedding_vector = embeddings_index.get(word)
 if embedding_vector is not None: embedding_matrix[i] = embedding_vector
return embedding_matrix<choose_model_class>
train = pd.read_csv('/kaggle/input/house-prices-advanced-regression-techniques/train.csv')
 test = pd.read_csv('/kaggle/input/house-prices-advanced-regression-techniques/test.csv' )
def model_cnn(embedding_matrix):
filter_sizes = [1,2,3,5]
num_filters = 36
inp = Input(shape=(maxlen,))
x = Embedding(max_features, embed_size, weights=[embedding_matrix] )(inp)
 x = Reshape(( maxlen, embed_size, 1))(x)
 maxpool_pool = []
for i in range(len(filter_sizes)) :
conv = Conv2D(num_filters, kernel_size=(filter_sizes[i], embed_size),
kernel_initializer='he_normal', activation='elu' )(x)
 maxpool_pool.append(MaxPool2D(pool_size=(maxlen - filter_sizes[i] + 1, 1))(conv))
z = Concatenate(axis=1 )(maxpool_pool)
 z = Flatten()(z)
 z = Dropout(0.1 )(z)
 outp = Dense(1, activation="sigmoid" )(z)
 model = Model(inputs=inp, outputs=outp)
 model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy', optimizer='adam', metrics=['accuracy'])
 return model<choose_model_class>
train["SalePrice"] = np.log1p(train["SalePrice"] )
class Attention(Layer):
def __init__(self, step_dim,
W_regularizer=None, b_regularizer=None,
W_constraint=None, b_constraint=None,
bias=True, **kwargs):
self.supports_masking = True
self.init = initializers.get('glorot_uniform')
 self.W_regularizer = regularizers.get(W_regularizer)
 self.b_regularizer = regularizers.get(b_regularizer)
 self.W_constraint = constraints.get(W_constraint)
 self.b_constraint = constraints.get(b_constraint)
 self.bias = bias
self.step_dim = step_dim
self.features_dim = 0
super(Attention, self ).__init__(**kwargs)
 def build(self, input_shape):
assert len(input_shape)== 3
self.W = self.add_weight(( input_shape[-1],),
initializer=self.init,
name='{}_W'.format(self.name),
regularizer=self.W_regularizer,
constraint=self.W_constraint)
 self.features_dim = input_shape[-1]
if self.bias:
self.b = self.add_weight(( input_shape[1],),
initializer='zero',
name='{}_b'.format(self.name),
regularizer=self.b_regularizer,
constraint=self.b_constraint)
 else:
self.b = None
self.built = True
def compute_mask(self, input, input_mask=None):
return None
def call(self, x, mask=None):
features_dim = self.features_dim
step_dim = self.step_dim
eij = K.reshape(K.dot(K.reshape(x,(-1, features_dim)) ,
K.reshape(self.W,(features_dim, 1))),(-1, step_dim))
if self.bias:
eij += self.b
eij = K.tanh(eij)
 a = K.exp(eij)
 if mask is not None:
a *= K.cast(mask, K.floatx())
 a /= K.cast(K.sum(a, axis=1, keepdims=True)+ K.epsilon() , K.floatx())
 a = K.expand_dims(a)
 weighted_input = x * a
return K.sum(weighted_input, axis=1)
 def compute_output_shape(self, input_shape):
return input_shape[0], self.features_dim<choose_model_class>
ntrain = train.shape[0]
ntest = test.shape[0]
y_train = train.SalePrice.values
all_data = pd.concat(( train, test)).reset_index(drop=True)
 all_data.drop(['SalePrice'], axis=1, inplace=True)
 print("all_data size is : {}".format(all_data.shape))
def model_lstm_atten(embedding_matrix):
inp = Input(shape=(maxlen,))
x = Embedding(max_features, embed_size, weights=[embedding_matrix], trainable=False )(inp)
 x = Bidirectional(CuDNNLSTM(128, return_sequences=True))(x)
 x = Bidirectional(CuDNNLSTM(64, return_sequences=True))(x)
 x = Attention(maxlen )(x)
 x = Dense(64, activation="relu" )(x)
 x = Dense(1, activation="sigmoid" )(x)
 model = Model(inputs=inp, outputs=x)
 model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy', optimizer='adam', metrics=['accuracy'])
 return model<choose_model_class>
all_data_na =(all_data.isnull().sum() / len(all_data)) * 100
all_data_na = all_data_na.drop(all_data_na[all_data_na == 0].index ).sort_values(ascending=False)[:30]
missing_data = pd.DataFrame({'Missing Ratio' :all_data_na})
 missing_data.head(20 )
def model_gru_srk_atten(embedding_matrix):
inp = Input(shape=(maxlen,))
x = Embedding(max_features, embed_size, weights=[embedding_matrix] )(inp)
 x = Bidirectional(CuDNNGRU(64, return_sequences=True))(x)
 x = Attention(maxlen )(x)
 x = Dense(16, activation="relu" )(x)
 x = Dropout(0.1 )(x)
 x = Dense(1, activation="sigmoid" )(x)
 model = Model(inputs=inp, outputs=x)
 model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy', optimizer='adam', metrics=['accuracy'])
 return model 
<choose_model_class>
all_data["PoolQC"] = all_data["PoolQC"].fillna("None")
 all_data["MiscFeature"] = all_data["MiscFeature"].fillna("None")
 all_data["Alley"] = all_data["Alley"].fillna("None")
 all_data["Fence"] = all_data["Fence"].fillna("None")
 all_data["FireplaceQu"] = all_data["FireplaceQu"].fillna("None")
 for col in('GarageType', 'GarageFinish', 'GarageQual', 'GarageCond'):
all_data[col] = all_data[col].fillna('None' )
def model_lstm_du(embedding_matrix):
inp = Input(shape=(maxlen,))
x = Embedding(max_features, embed_size, weights=[embedding_matrix] )(inp)
 x = Bidirectional(CuDNNGRU(64, return_sequences=True))(x)
 avg_pool = GlobalAveragePooling1D()(x)
 max_pool = GlobalMaxPooling1D()(x)
 conc = concatenate([avg_pool, max_pool])
 conc = Dense(64, activation="relu" )(conc)
 conc = Dropout(0.1 )(conc)
 outp = Dense(1, activation="sigmoid" )(conc)
 model = Model(inputs=inp, outputs=outp)
 model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy', optimizer='adam', metrics=['accuracy'])
 return model<choose_model_class>
all_data["LotFrontage"] = all_data.groupby("Neighborhood")["LotFrontage"].transform(
 lambda x: x.fillna(x.median()))
def model_gru_atten_3(embedding_matrix):
inp = Input(shape=(maxlen,))
x = Embedding(max_features, embed_size, weights=[embedding_matrix], trainable=False )(inp)
 x = Bidirectional(CuDNNGRU(128, return_sequences=True))(x)
 x = Bidirectional(CuDNNGRU(100, return_sequences=True))(x)
 x = Bidirectional(CuDNNGRU(64, return_sequences=True))(x)
 x = Attention(maxlen )(x)
 x = Dense(1, activation="sigmoid" )(x)
 model = Model(inputs=inp, outputs=x)
 model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy', optimizer='adam', metrics=['accuracy'])
 return model<predict_on_test>
for col in('GarageYrBlt', 'GarageArea', 'GarageCars'):
all_data[col] = all_data[col].fillna(0)
 for col in('BsmtFinSF1', 'BsmtFinSF2', 'BsmtUnfSF','TotalBsmtSF', 'BsmtFullBath', 'BsmtHalfBath'):
all_data[col] = all_data[col].fillna(0)
 for col in('BsmtQual', 'BsmtCond', 'BsmtExposure', 'BsmtFinType1', 'BsmtFinType2'):
all_data[col] = all_data[col].fillna('None')
 all_data["MasVnrType"] = all_data["MasVnrType"].fillna("None")
 all_data["MasVnrArea"] = all_data["MasVnrArea"].fillna(0)
 all_data['MSZoning'] = all_data['MSZoning'].fillna(all_data['MSZoning'].mode() [0] )
def train_pred(model, epochs=2):
for e in range(epochs):
model.fit(train_X, train_y, batch_size=512, epochs=1, validation_data=(val_X, val_y))
pred_val_y = model.predict([val_X], batch_size=1024, verbose=0)
 pred_test_y = model.predict([test_X], batch_size=1024, verbose=0)
 return pred_val_y, pred_test_y<load_pretrained>
all_data['Utilities'].value_counts()
train_X, val_X, test_X, train_y, val_y, word_index = load_and_prec()
vocab = []
for w,k in word_index.items() :
vocab.append(w)
 if k >= max_features:
break
embedding_matrix_1 = load_glove(word_index)
 embedding_matrix_3 = load_para(word_index )<define_variables>
all_data = all_data.drop(['Utilities'], axis=1 )
outputs = []<predict_on_test>
all_data["Functional"] = all_data["Functional"].fillna("Typ")
 all_data['Electrical'] = all_data['Electrical'].fillna(all_data['Electrical'].mode() [0])
 all_data['KitchenQual'] = all_data['KitchenQual'].fillna(all_data['KitchenQual'].mode() [0])
 all_data['Exterior1st'] = all_data['Exterior1st'].fillna(all_data['Exterior1st'].mode() [0])
 all_data['Exterior2nd'] = all_data['Exterior2nd'].fillna(all_data['Exterior2nd'].mode() [0])
 all_data['SaleType'] = all_data['SaleType'].fillna(all_data['SaleType'].mode() [0] )
pred_val_y, pred_test_y = train_pred(model_gru_atten_3(embedding_matrix), epochs = 3)
 outputs.append([pred_val_y, pred_test_y, '3 GRU w/ atten'] )<predict_on_test>
all_data['MSSubClass'] = all_data['MSSubClass'].fillna("None" )
pred_val_y, pred_test_y = train_pred(model_gru_srk_atten(embedding_matrix), epochs = 2)
 outputs.append([pred_val_y, pred_test_y, 'gru atten srk'] )<predict_on_test>
all_data_na =(all_data.isnull().sum() / len(all_data)) * 100
all_data_na = all_data_na.drop(all_data_na[all_data_na == 0].index ).sort_values(ascending=False)
 missing_data = pd.DataFrame({'Missing Ratio' :all_data_na})
 missing_data.head()
pred_val_y, pred_test_y = train_pred(model_cnn(embedding_matrix_1), epochs = 2)
 outputs.append([pred_val_y, pred_test_y, '2d CNN GloVe'] )<predict_on_test>
all_data['MSSubClass'] = all_data['MSSubClass'].apply(str)
 all_data['OverallCond'] = all_data['OverallCond'].astype(str)
 all_data['YrSold'] = all_data['YrSold'].astype(str)
 all_data['MoSold'] = all_data['MoSold'].astype(str )
pred_val_y, pred_test_y = train_pred(model_lstm_du(embedding_matrix), epochs = 2)
 outputs.append([pred_val_y, pred_test_y, 'LSTM DU'] )<predict_on_test>
cols =('FireplaceQu', 'BsmtQual', 'BsmtCond', 'GarageQual', 'GarageCond',
'ExterQual', 'ExterCond','HeatingQC', 'PoolQC', 'KitchenQual', 'BsmtFinType1',
'BsmtFinType2', 'Functional', 'Fence', 'BsmtExposure', 'GarageFinish', 'LandSlope',
'LotShape', 'PavedDrive', 'Street', 'Alley', 'CentralAir', 'MSSubClass', 'OverallCond',
'YrSold', 'MoSold')
 for c in cols:
lbl = LabelEncoder()
lbl.fit(list(all_data[c].values))
all_data[c] = lbl.transform(list(all_data[c].values))
print('Shape all_data: {}'.format(all_data.shape))
pred_val_y, pred_test_y = train_pred(model_lstm_atten(embedding_matrix), epochs = 3)
 outputs.append([pred_val_y, pred_test_y, '2 LSTM w/ attention'] )<predict_on_test>
all_data['TotalSF'] = all_data['TotalBsmtSF'] + all_data['1stFlrSF'] + all_data['2ndFlrSF']
pred_val_y, pred_test_y = train_pred(model_lstm_atten(embedding_matrix_1), epochs = 3)
 outputs.append([pred_val_y, pred_test_y, '2 LSTM w/ attention GloVe'] )<predict_on_test>
numeric_feats = all_data.dtypes[all_data.dtypes != "object"].index
skewed_feats = all_data[numeric_feats].apply(lambda x: skew(x.dropna())).sort_values(ascending=False )
pred_val_y, pred_test_y = train_pred(model_lstm_atten(embedding_matrix_3), epochs = 3)
 outputs.append([pred_val_y, pred_test_y, '2 LSTM w/ attention Para'] )<load_from_csv>
skewed_features = skewness.index
coefs = [0.20076554,0.07993707,0.11611663,0.14885248,0.15734404,0.17454667,0.14288361]
pred_test_y = np.sum([outputs[i][1]*coefs[i] for i in range(len(coefs)) ], axis = 0)
 pred_test_y =(pred_test_y > 0.34 ).astype(int)
 test_df = pd.read_csv(".. /input/test.csv", usecols=["qid"])
 out_df = pd.DataFrame({"qid":test_df["qid"].values})
 out_df['prediction'] = pred_test_y
out_df.to_csv("submission.csv", index=False )<define_variables>
lam = 0.15
for feat in skewed_features:
all_data[feat] = boxcox1p(all_data[feat], lam )
embed_size = 300
max_features = 95000
maxlen = 70<import_modules>
all_data = pd.get_dummies(all_data)
 print(all_data.shape )
import os
import time
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from tqdm import tqdm
import math
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn import metrics
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV, StratifiedKFold
from sklearn.metrics import f1_score, roc_auc_score
from keras.preprocessing.text import Tokenizer
from keras.preprocessing.sequence import pad_sequences
from keras.layers import Dense, Input, CuDNNLSTM, Embedding, Dropout, Activation, CuDNNGRU, Conv1D
from keras.layers import Bidirectional, GlobalMaxPool1D, GlobalMaxPooling1D, GlobalAveragePooling1D
from keras.layers import Input, Embedding, Dense, Conv2D, MaxPool2D, concatenate
from keras.layers import Reshape, Flatten, Concatenate, Dropout, SpatialDropout1D
from keras.optimizers import Adam
from keras.models import Model
from keras import backend as K
from keras.engine.topology import Layer
from keras import initializers, regularizers, constraints, optimizers, layers
from keras.layers import concatenate
from keras.callbacks import *<load_from_csv>
train = all_data[:ntrain]
test = all_data[ntrain:]
def load_and_prec() :
train_df = pd.read_csv(".. /input/train.csv")
 test_df = pd.read_csv(".. /input/test.csv")
 print("Train shape : ",train_df.shape)
 print("Test shape : ",test_df.shape)
 train_X = train_df["question_text"].fillna("_
test_X = test_df["question_text"].fillna("_
tokenizer = Tokenizer(num_words=max_features)
 tokenizer.fit_on_texts(list(train_X))
train_X = tokenizer.texts_to_sequences(train_X)
 test_X = tokenizer.texts_to_sequences(test_X)
 train_X = pad_sequences(train_X, maxlen=maxlen)
 test_X = pad_sequences(test_X, maxlen=maxlen)
 train_y = train_df['target'].values
np.random.seed(2018)
 trn_idx = np.random.permutation(len(train_X))
train_X = train_X[trn_idx]
train_y = train_y[trn_idx]
return train_X, test_X, train_y, tokenizer.word_index<statistical_test>
from sklearn.linear_model import ElasticNet, Lasso, BayesianRidge, LassoLarsIC
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor, GradientBoostingRegressor
from sklearn.kernel_ridge import KernelRidge
from sklearn.pipeline import make_pipeline
from sklearn.preprocessing import RobustScaler
from sklearn.base import BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin, RegressorMixin, clone
from sklearn.model_selection import KFold, cross_val_score, train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error
import xgboost as xgb
import lightgbm as lgb
def load_glove(word_index):
EMBEDDING_FILE = '.. /input/embeddings/glove.840B.300d/glove.840B.300d.txt'
def get_coefs(word,*arr): return word, np.asarray(arr, dtype='float32')
 embeddings_index = dict(get_coefs(*o.split(" ")) for o in open(EMBEDDING_FILE))
all_embs = np.stack(embeddings_index.values())
 emb_mean,emb_std = all_embs.mean() , all_embs.std()
embed_size = all_embs.shape[1]
nb_words = min(max_features, len(word_index))
embedding_matrix = np.random.normal(emb_mean, emb_std,(nb_words, embed_size))
for word, i in word_index.items() :
if i >= max_features: continue
embedding_vector = embeddings_index.get(word)
 if embedding_vector is not None: embedding_matrix[i] = embedding_vector
return embedding_matrix
def load_fasttext(word_index):
EMBEDDING_FILE = '.. /input/embeddings/wiki-news-300d-1M/wiki-news-300d-1M.vec'
def get_coefs(word,*arr): return word, np.asarray(arr, dtype='float32')
 embeddings_index = dict(get_coefs(*o.split(" ")) for o in open(EMBEDDING_FILE)if len(o)>100)
 all_embs = np.stack(embeddings_index.values())
 emb_mean,emb_std = all_embs.mean() , all_embs.std()
embed_size = all_embs.shape[1]
nb_words = min(max_features, len(word_index))
embedding_matrix = np.random.normal(emb_mean, emb_std,(nb_words, embed_size))
for word, i in word_index.items() :
if i >= max_features: continue
embedding_vector = embeddings_index.get(word)
 if embedding_vector is not None: embedding_matrix[i] = embedding_vector
return embedding_matrix
def load_para(word_index):
EMBEDDING_FILE = '.. /input/embeddings/paragram_300_sl999/paragram_300_sl999.txt'
def get_coefs(word,*arr): return word, np.asarray(arr, dtype='float32')
 embeddings_index = dict(get_coefs(*o.split(" ")) for o in open(EMBEDDING_FILE, encoding="utf8", errors='ignore')if len(o)>100)
 all_embs = np.stack(embeddings_index.values())
 emb_mean,emb_std = all_embs.mean() , all_embs.std()
embed_size = all_embs.shape[1]
nb_words = min(max_features, len(word_index))
embedding_matrix = np.random.normal(emb_mean, emb_std,(nb_words, embed_size))
for word, i in word_index.items() :
if i >= max_features: continue
embedding_vector = embeddings_index.get(word)
 if embedding_vector is not None: embedding_matrix[i] = embedding_vector
return embedding_matrix<choose_model_class>
n_folds = 5
def rmsle_cv(model):
kf = KFold(n_folds, shuffle=True, random_state=42 ).get_n_splits(train.values)
 rmse= np.sqrt(-cross_val_score(model, train.values, y_train, scoring="neg_mean_squared_error", cv = kf))
return(rmse )
class Attention(Layer):
def __init__(self, step_dim,
W_regularizer=None, b_regularizer=None,
W_constraint=None, b_constraint=None,
bias=True, **kwargs):
self.supports_masking = True
self.init = initializers.get('glorot_uniform')
 self.W_regularizer = regularizers.get(W_regularizer)
 self.b_regularizer = regularizers.get(b_regularizer)
 self.W_constraint = constraints.get(W_constraint)
 self.b_constraint = constraints.get(b_constraint)
 self.bias = bias
self.step_dim = step_dim
self.features_dim = 0
super(Attention, self ).__init__(**kwargs)
 def build(self, input_shape):
assert len(input_shape)== 3
self.W = self.add_weight(( input_shape[-1],),
initializer=self.init,
name='{}_W'.format(self.name),
regularizer=self.W_regularizer,
constraint=self.W_constraint)
 self.features_dim = input_shape[-1]
if self.bias:
self.b = self.add_weight(( input_shape[1],),
initializer='zero',
name='{}_b'.format(self.name),
regularizer=self.b_regularizer,
constraint=self.b_constraint)
 else:
self.b = None
self.built = True
def compute_mask(self, input, input_mask=None):
return None
def call(self, x, mask=None):
features_dim = self.features_dim
step_dim = self.step_dim
eij = K.reshape(K.dot(K.reshape(x,(-1, features_dim)) ,
K.reshape(self.W,(features_dim, 1))),(-1, step_dim))
if self.bias:
eij += self.b
eij = K.tanh(eij)
 a = K.exp(eij)
 if mask is not None:
a *= K.cast(mask, K.floatx())
 a /= K.cast(K.sum(a, axis=1, keepdims=True)+ K.epsilon() , K.floatx())
 a = K.expand_dims(a)
 weighted_input = x * a
return K.sum(weighted_input, axis=1)
 def compute_output_shape(self, input_shape):
return input_shape[0], self.features_dim<train_model>
lasso = make_pipeline(RobustScaler() , Lasso(alpha =0.0005, random_state=1))
ENet = make_pipeline(RobustScaler() , ElasticNet(alpha=0.0005, l1_ratio=.9, random_state=3))
KRR = KernelRidge(alpha=0.6, kernel='polynomial', degree=2, coef0=2.5)
 GBoost = GradientBoostingRegressor(n_estimators=3000, learning_rate=0.05,
max_depth=4, max_features='sqrt',
min_samples_leaf=15, min_samples_split=10,
loss='huber', random_state =5)
 model_xgb = xgb.XGBRegressor(colsample_bytree=0.4603, gamma=0.0468,
learning_rate=0.05, max_depth=3,
min_child_weight=1.7817, n_estimators=2200,
reg_alpha=0.4640, reg_lambda=0.8571,
subsample=0.5213, silent=1,
random_state =7, nthread = -1)
 model_lgb = lgb.LGBMRegressor(objective='regression',num_leaves=5,
learning_rate=0.05, n_estimators=720,
max_bin = 55, bagging_fraction = 0.8,
bagging_freq = 5, feature_fraction = 0.2319,
feature_fraction_seed=9, bagging_seed=9,
min_data_in_leaf =6, min_sum_hessian_in_leaf = 11 )
class CyclicLR(Callback):

 def __init__(self, base_lr=0.001, max_lr=0.006, step_size=2000., mode='triangular',
gamma=1., scale_fn=None, scale_mode='cycle'):
super(CyclicLR, self ).__init__()
self.base_lr = base_lr
self.max_lr = max_lr
self.step_size = step_size
self.mode = mode
self.gamma = gamma
if scale_fn == None:
if self.mode == 'triangular':
self.scale_fn = lambda x: 1.
 self.scale_mode = 'cycle'
elif self.mode == 'triangular2':
self.scale_fn = lambda x: 1/(2.**(x-1))
self.scale_mode = 'cycle'
elif self.mode == 'exp_range':
self.scale_fn = lambda x: gamma**(x)
 self.scale_mode = 'iterations'
else:
self.scale_fn = scale_fn
self.scale_mode = scale_mode
self.clr_iterations = 0.
 self.trn_iterations = 0.
 self.history = {}
self._reset()
def _reset(self, new_base_lr=None, new_max_lr=None,
new_step_size=None):

 if new_base_lr != None:
self.base_lr = new_base_lr
if new_max_lr != None:
self.max_lr = new_max_lr
if new_step_size != None:
self.step_size = new_step_size
self.clr_iterations = 0.
 def clr(self):
cycle = np.floor(1+self.clr_iterations/(2*self.step_size))
x = np.abs(self.clr_iterations/self.step_size - 2*cycle + 1)
 if self.scale_mode == 'cycle':
return self.base_lr +(self.max_lr-self.base_lr)*np.maximum(0,(1-x)) *self.scale_fn(cycle)
 else:
return self.base_lr +(self.max_lr-self.base_lr)*np.maximum(0,(1-x)) *self.scale_fn(self.clr_iterations)
 def on_train_begin(self, logs={}):
logs = logs or {}
if self.clr_iterations == 0:
K.set_value(self.model.optimizer.lr, self.base_lr)
 else:
K.set_value(self.model.optimizer.lr, self.clr())
 def on_batch_end(self, epoch, logs=None):
logs = logs or {}
self.trn_iterations += 1
self.clr_iterations += 1
self.history.setdefault('lr', [] ).append(K.get_value(self.model.optimizer.lr))
self.history.setdefault('iterations', [] ).append(self.trn_iterations)
 for k, v in logs.items() :
self.history.setdefault(k, [] ).append(v)
 K.set_value(self.model.optimizer.lr, self.clr())
 def f1(y_true, y_pred):

 def recall(y_true, y_pred):

 true_positives = K.sum(K.round(K.clip(y_true * y_pred, 0, 1)))
 possible_positives = K.sum(K.round(K.clip(y_true, 0, 1)))
 recall = true_positives /(possible_positives + K.epsilon())
 return recall
def precision(y_true, y_pred):

 true_positives = K.sum(K.round(K.clip(y_true * y_pred, 0, 1)))
 predicted_positives = K.sum(K.round(K.clip(y_pred, 0, 1)))
 precision = true_positives /(predicted_positives + K.epsilon())
 return precision
precision = precision(y_true, y_pred)
 recall = recall(y_true, y_pred)
 return 2*(( precision*recall)/(precision+recall+K.epsilon())) 
<define_search_model>
score = rmsle_cv(lasso)
 print("
Lasso score: {:.4f}({:.4f})
 ".format(score.mean() , score.std()))
score = rmsle_cv(ENet)
 print("ElasticNet score: {:.4f}({:.4f})
 ".format(score.mean() , score.std()))
score = rmsle_cv(KRR)
 print("Kernel Ridge score: {:.4f}({:.4f})
 ".format(score.mean() , score.std()))
score = rmsle_cv(GBoost)
 print("Gradient Boosting score: {:.4f}({:.4f})
 ".format(score.mean() , score.std()))
score = rmsle_cv(model_xgb)
 print("Xgboost score: {:.4f}({:.4f})
 ".format(score.mean() , score.std()))
score = rmsle_cv(model_lgb)
 print("LGBM score: {:.4f}({:.4f})
 ".format(score.mean() , score.std()))
def model_lstm_atten(embedding_matrix):
inp = Input(shape=(maxlen,))
x = Embedding(max_features, embed_size, weights=[embedding_matrix], trainable=False )(inp)
 x = SpatialDropout1D(0.1 )(x)
 x = Bidirectional(CuDNNLSTM(40, return_sequences=True))(x)
 y = Bidirectional(CuDNNGRU(40, return_sequences=True))(x)
 atten_1 = Attention(maxlen )(x)
 atten_2 = Attention(maxlen )(y)
 avg_pool = GlobalAveragePooling1D()(y)
 max_pool = GlobalMaxPooling1D()(y)
 conc = concatenate([atten_1, atten_2, avg_pool, max_pool])
 conc = Dense(16, activation="relu" )(conc)
 conc = Dropout(0.1 )(conc)
 outp = Dense(1, activation="sigmoid" )(conc)
 model = Model(inputs=inp, outputs=outp)
 model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy', optimizer='adam', metrics=[f1])
 return model<predict_on_test>
class AveragingModels(BaseEstimator, RegressorMixin, TransformerMixin):
def __init__(self, models):
self.models = models
def fit(self, X, y):
self.models_ = [clone(x)for x in self.models]
for model in self.models_:
model.fit(X, y)
 return self
def predict(self, X):
predictions = np.column_stack([
model.predict(X)for model in self.models_
])
 return np.mean(predictions, axis=1 )
def train_pred(model, train_X, train_y, val_X, val_y, epochs=2, callback=None):
for e in range(epochs):
model.fit(train_X, train_y, batch_size=512, epochs=1, validation_data=(val_X, val_y), callbacks = callback, verbose=0)
 pred_val_y = model.predict([val_X], batch_size=1024, verbose=0)
 best_score = metrics.f1_score(val_y,(pred_val_y > 0.33 ).astype(int))
print("Epoch: ", e, "- Val F1 Score: {:.4f}".format(best_score))
pred_test_y = model.predict([test_X], batch_size=1024, verbose=0)
 print('=' * 60)
 return pred_val_y, pred_test_y, best_score<split>
averaged_models = AveragingModels(models =(ENet, GBoost, KRR, lasso))
score = rmsle_cv(averaged_models)
 print(" Averaged base models score: {:.4f}({:.4f})
 ".format(score.mean() , score.std()))
train_X, test_X, train_y, word_index = load_and_prec()
embedding_matrix_1 = load_glove(word_index)
 embedding_matrix_3 = load_para(word_index )<normalization>
def rmsle(y, y_pred):
return np.sqrt(mean_squared_error(y, y_pred))
embedding_matrix = np.mean([embedding_matrix_1, embedding_matrix_3], axis = 0)
 np.shape(embedding_matrix )<compute_train_metric>
averaged_models.fit(train.values, y_train)
 stacked_train_pred = averaged_models.predict(train.values)
 print(rmsle(y_train, stacked_train_pred))
def threshold_search(y_true, y_proba):
best_threshold = 0
best_score = 0
for threshold in [i * 0.01 for i in range(100)]:
score = f1_score(y_true=y_true, y_pred=y_proba > threshold)
 if score > best_score:
best_threshold = threshold
best_score = score
search_result = {'threshold': best_threshold, 'f1': best_score}
return search_result<split>
stacked_pred = averaged_models.predict(test)
 stacked_pred = np.expm1(stacked_pred )
DATA_SPLIT_SEED = 2018
clr = CyclicLR(base_lr=0.001, max_lr=0.002,
step_size=300., mode='exp_range',
gamma=0.99994)
 train_meta = np.zeros(train_y.shape)
 test_meta = np.zeros(test_X.shape[0])
 splits = list(StratifiedKFold(n_splits=4, shuffle=True, random_state=DATA_SPLIT_SEED ).split(train_X, train_y))
for idx,(train_idx, valid_idx)in enumerate(splits):
X_train = train_X[train_idx]
y_train = train_y[train_idx]
X_val = train_X[valid_idx]
y_val = train_y[valid_idx]
model = model_lstm_atten(embedding_matrix)
 pred_val_y, pred_test_y, best_score = train_pred(model, X_train, y_train, X_val, y_val, epochs = 8, callback = [clr,])
 train_meta[valid_idx] = pred_val_y.reshape(-1)
 test_meta += pred_test_y.reshape(-1)/ len(splits )<save_to_csv>
model_xgb.fit(train, y_train)
 xgb_train_pred = model_xgb.predict(train)
 xgb_pred = np.expm1(model_xgb.predict(test))
print(rmsle(y_train, xgb_train_pred))
sub = pd.read_csv('.. /input/sample_submission.csv')
 sub.prediction = test_meta > 0.33
sub.to_csv("submission.csv", index=False )<compute_test_metric>
model_lgb.fit(train, y_train)
 lgb_train_pred = model_lgb.predict(train)
 lgb_pred = np.expm1(model_lgb.predict(test.values))
print(rmsle(y_train, lgb_train_pred))
f1_score(y_true=train_y, y_pred=train_meta > 0.33 )<import_modules>

 print('RMSLE score on train data:')
 print(rmsle(y_train,stacked_train_pred*0.70 +
xgb_train_pred*0.15 + lgb_train_pred*0.15))
from tensorflow.keras.layers import *
from tensorflow.keras.models import *
from tensorflow.keras.optimizers import *
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.text import Tokenizer
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.sequence import pad_sequences
from tensorflow.keras.callbacks import EarlyStopping, ModelCheckpoint, ReduceLROnPlateau
from tensorflow.keras import backend as K
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Layer
from tensorflow.keras import initializers, regularizers, constraints, optimizers, layers
import gc, re
from sklearn import metrics
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV, StratifiedKFold
from sklearn.metrics import f1_score, roc_auc_score 
<categorify>
ensemble = stacked_pred*0.70 + xgb_pred*0.15 + lgb_pred*0.15
def clean_text(x):
x = str(x)
 for punct in "/-'":
x = x.replace(punct, ' ')
 for punct in '&':
x = x.replace(punct, f' {punct} ')
 for punct in '?!.,"
x = x.replace(punct, '')
 return x
def clean_numbers(x):
x = re.sub('[0-9]{5,}', '
x = re.sub('[0-9]{4}', '
x = re.sub('[0-9]{3}', '
x = re.sub('[0-9]{2}', '
return x
def _get_mispell(mispell_dict):
mispell_re = re.compile('(%s)' % '|'.join(mispell_dict.keys()))
return mispell_dict, mispell_re
mispell_dict = {'colour':'color',
'centre':'center',
'didnt':'did not',
'doesnt':'does not',
'isnt':'is not',
'shouldnt':'should not',
'favourite':'favorite',
'travelling':'traveling',
'counselling':'counseling',
'theatre':'theater',
'cancelled':'canceled',
'labour':'labor',
'organisation':'organization',
'wwii':'world war 2',
'citicise':'criticize',
'instagram': 'social medium',
'whatsapp': 'social medium',
'snapchat': 'social medium'
}
mispellings, mispellings_re = _get_mispell(mispell_dict)
 def replace_typical_misspell(text):
def replace(match):
return mispellings[match.group(0)]
return mispellings_re.sub(replace, text )<load_from_csv>
sub = pd.DataFrame()
sub['Id'] = test_ID
sub['SalePrice'] = ensemble
sub.to_csv('submission.csv',index=False )