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stringlengths 0
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|---|---|
[Effect of space flight on cosmonaut peripheral blood lymphocyte blast transformation].
The postflight investigation of cell mediated immunity of seven cosmonauts showed significant increase in spontaneous activity of lymphocytes of peripheral blood and decrease in stimulation of lymphocytes cultured with PHA at R + O. Variations in these parameters were transient, remaining within physiological limits. Two cosmonauts displayed a stable increase in lymphocyte activity during blast transformation test with Staphylococcus aureus culture filtrate. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Online Trading India
Mutual Funds
Share Market
Credit Card
Forex Reserves Jump $4 Billion To Touch Record Height
Foreign exchange reserves jumped by a massive $4.01 billion to touch a record high of $386.54 billion as on June 30, compared with $382.53 billion in the previous week, the Reserve Bank of India said in its weekly statistical supplement on Friday.
Foreign currency assets (FCAs), the largest component of the foreign exchange reserves, increased to $362.39 billion from $358.66 billion in the previous week. So far in 2017, the foreign exchange reserves have grown 7.3 % and have touched record levels seven times since April, as the RBI aggressively bought dollars to prevent a sudden jump in the rupee.
The central bank has been buying dollars, both in the spot market as well as in the forward market, to limit the appreciation of the local currency, which has been gaining steadily, traders said. The rupee has gained about 5% since the beginning of the year. On Friday, it closed at 64.63 rupees per dollar. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
#include "../../src/sql/drivers/oci/qsql_oci.h"
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Q:
can not wait for some milliseconds in javascript
I want to draw one line then wait for some milliseconds then draw next line again wait for next line and so on, so that its visualize that how line by line it will be drawn(like ECG waveform).
How i can do that in this code?
This is my code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
var ms = 0;
var y=5;
var x=5;
var copyendx=0;
var copyendy=0;
var context;
var temp,total=0;
//var data=new Array(-1,3,-3,-7,5,1,-1,-3,2,5,7,7,7,7,1,3,3,4-,8,5,6,6,7,7);
var data=new Array(-1,3,-3,-7,5,1,-1,-3,2,5,7,7,7,7,4,7,9,2,2,8);
//alert(data);
function init() {
var graphCanvas = document.getElementById('graphSpace');
context =graphCanvas.getContext('2d');
drawgraph();
}
function drawgraph() {
drawLine(context,5,50,5,250);
drawLine(context,5,150,7,150);
// setTimeout(drawgraph(),600);
for (var i=0;i<data.length;i++) {
var startx=5+x;
var starty=150-(data[i]*y);
var endx=(5+x)+1;
var endy=150-(data[i]*y);
if (i==0) {
copyendx=endx;
copyendy=endy;
startx=5+x;
starty=150;
}
//draw line and wait for some milliseconds
setInterval(function () {
drawLine(context,startx,starty,copyendx,copyendy); }, 100);
drawLine(context,startx,starty,copyendx,copyendy);
x=x+5;
// pausecomp(100);
copyendx=endx;
copyendy=endy;
}
}
}
//Draw line function
function drawLine(contextO, startx, starty, endx, endy) {
contextO.beginPath();
contextO.moveTo(startx, starty);
contextO.lineTo(endx, endy);
contextO.closePath();
contextO.stroke();
}
</script>
</head>
<body onload="init()">
<canvas id="graphSpace" width="800" height="400" style="background-color: #ffff00;"></canvas>
</body>
</html>
I have tried with setInterval
setInterval(function () {
drawLine(context,startx,starty,copyendx,copyendy);
}, 100);
but i didn't get desired output.
I want wait for some milliseconds before calling method drawLine(contextO, startx, starty, endx, endy) for each line drawing
I got solution for above problem. i have following problem
If i want to draw more points on canvas if that points not fit on my canvas width i am redrawing the canvas but here is problem that my graph is not looking steady (as like ECG wave form applicaion) during first redraw it looks slower, during second redraw it looking faster than first redraw ,during third redraw it looks faster than second redraw and so on.
How to overcome that? I want steady flow till i draw my last graph point.
A:
The concept of a loop with sleep(100) is something that is not designed to be done in javascript.
get rid of the loop, do something like this:
var x,y,i=0;
setTimeout(function doDraw() {
var startx=5+x;
var starty=150-(data[i]*y);
var endx=(5+x)+1;
var endy=150-(data[i]*y);
drawline(yourargs);
i++;
if (i < data.length) {
setTimeout(doDraw, 100);
}
}, 100);
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Q:
PHP value exists in array
Okay here's the situation:
$x = array('yo'=>12,'go'=>13);
how do i test if a value is in the array or not?
for example:
isThereInArray(12) => True or 1 or whatever
isThereInArray(123) => False or 0 or null or -1 or whatever
A:
in_array() will help you out here.
For more rapid development, consult the PHP documentation like so:
http://au1.php.net/manual-lookup.php?pattern=find+in+array&lang=en&scope=quickref
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Niven Abu Rahmoun
Niven Abu Rahmoun (, ; born 24 November 1981) is an Israeli Arab politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Joint List between 2018 and 2019.
Biography
Abu Rahmoun was born in Reineh in northern Israel. She earned a bachelor's degree in political science and communications, before studying for a master's degree in political science at Bar-Ilan University. She subsequently worked as teacher at the high school in Bu'eine Nujeidat between 2008 and 2018, teaching civics.
A member of Balad since 1998, Abu Rahmoun was placed 19th on the Joint List (an alliance of the four main Arab parties) prior to the 2015 Knesset elections. Although the party won only 13 seats, Abu Rahmoun entered the Knesset on 8 August 2018 as a replacement for Wael Younis as part of a rotation agreement within the alliance. She did not contest the April 2019 elections, and lost her seat.
Married with two children, Abu Rahmoun lives in Bu'eine Nujeidat.
References
External links
Category:1981 births
Category:People from Reineh
Category:Bar-Ilan University alumni
Category:Israeli schoolteachers
Category:Arab politicians in Israel
Category:Members of the 20th Knesset (2015–2019)
Category:Balad (political party) politicians
Category:Joint List politicians
Category:Living people
Category:Women Members of the Knesset | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Conventionally, semiconductor devices having what is called a MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) structure, such as IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) and MOSFET (MOS Field Effect Transistor), have been known. Such MOS-type semiconductor devices use overvoltage protection diodes made up of series-connected Zener diodes as overvoltage protection measures. More specifically, in the overvoltage protection diodes, n-type semiconductor layers and p-type semiconductor layers are alternately arranged adjacent to each other (e.g., see Patent Literature 1). In the case of IGBT, overvoltage protection diodes are provided between a collector terminal and a gate terminal and a gate terminal and an emitter terminal.
As shown in FIG. 8, a p-type semiconductor layer 50b (and n-type semiconductor layer) of an overvoltage protection diode are arranged on an insulating film 140 formed on a semiconductor substrate 120, and is covered with an insulating film 150.
Typically, in an overvoltage protection diode, the p-type impurity concentration in a p-type semiconductor layer is lower than the n-type impurity concentration in an n-type semiconductor layer. Consequently, the breakdown voltage (Zener voltage) of an overvoltage protection diode is determined according to the position of a high concentration region (concentration peak) of p-type impurity concentration. In a conventional overvoltage protection diode, as shown in FIG. 8, the p-type impurity concentration is the maximum in a boundary region F10 between the p-type semiconductor layer 50b and the insulating film 150. That is, the p-type impurity concentration in the boundary region F10 is higher than the p-type impurity concentration in an inner region G10. Consequently, the overvoltage protection diode causes Zener breakdown in the boundary region F10. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
// Copyright (c) 2014 Stanislas Polu. All rights reserved.
// See the LICENSE file.
#ifndef THRUST_SHELL_BROWSER_THRUST_MENU_H_
#define THRUST_SHELL_BROWSER_THRUST_MENU_H_
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include "base/memory/scoped_ptr.h"
#include "ui/base/models/simple_menu_model.h"
namespace thrust_shell {
class ThrustWindow;
class MenuController;
class ThrustMenuBinding;
class ThrustMenu : public ui::SimpleMenuModel::Delegate {
public:
/****************************************************************************/
/* PUBLIC API */
/****************************************************************************/
// ### ThrustMenu
ThrustMenu(ThrustMenuBinding* binding);
// ### ~ThrustMenu
virtual ~ThrustMenu();
void AddItem(int command_id,
const base::string16& label);
void AddSeparator();
void AddCheckItem(int command_id,
const base::string16& label);
void AddRadioItem(int command_id,
const base::string16& label,
int group_id);
void AddSubMenu(int command_id,
const base::string16& label,
ThrustMenu* menu);
void Clear();
void SetChecked(int command_id, bool checked);
void SetEnabled(int command_id, bool enabled);
void SetVisible(int command_id, bool visible);
void SetAccelerator(int command_id, std::string accelerator);
int GetIndexOfCommandId(int command_id);
int GetItemCount() const;
int GetCommandIdAt(int index) const;
base::string16 GetLabelAt(int index) const;
bool IsItemCheckedAt(int index) const;
bool IsEnabledAt(int index) const;
bool IsVisibleAt(int index) const;
virtual void Popup(ThrustWindow* window) {
return PlatformPopup(window);
}
// Set the global menubar (MacOSX, X11/Unity)
static void SetApplicationMenu(ThrustMenu* menu);
static ThrustMenu* GetApplicationMenu();
#if defined(OS_MACOSX)
// Fake sending an action from the application menu.
static void SendActionToFirstResponder(const std::string& action);
#endif
ui::SimpleMenuModel* model() const { return model_.get(); }
protected:
/****************************************************************************/
/* SIMPLEMENUMODEL DELEGATE IMPLEMENTATION */
/****************************************************************************/
virtual bool IsCommandIdChecked(int command_id) const OVERRIDE;
virtual bool IsCommandIdEnabled(int command_id) const OVERRIDE;
virtual bool IsCommandIdVisible(int command_id) const OVERRIDE;
virtual bool GetAcceleratorForCommandId(
int command_id,
ui::Accelerator* accelerator) OVERRIDE;
virtual void ExecuteCommand(int command_id, int event_flags) OVERRIDE;
virtual void MenuWillShow(ui::SimpleMenuModel* source) OVERRIDE;
virtual void MenuClosed(ui::SimpleMenuModel* source) OVERRIDE;
private:
/****************************************************************************/
/* PLATFORM INTERFACE */
/****************************************************************************/
void PlatformPopup(ThrustWindow* window);
void PlatformCleanup();
static void PlatformSetApplicationMenu(ThrustMenu* menu);
ThrustMenuBinding* binding_;
scoped_ptr<ui::SimpleMenuModel> model_;
ThrustMenu* parent_;
std::map<int, bool> checked_;
std::map<int, bool> enabled_;
std::map<int, bool> visible_;
std::map<int, std::string> accelerator_;
static ThrustMenu* application_menu_;
friend class ThrustWindow;
DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ThrustMenu);
};
} // namespace thrust_shell
#endif // THRUST_SHELL_BROWSER_THRUST_MENU_H_
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Q:
I need to pass a String to a fragment in the same Activity, I tried this but it gives an error
I am new to Android Tv development, I need to pass a string to the MainFragment from the same activity of which it is a part.
Here is my code for the MainActivity :
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
EditText search_query;
private static String user_query = "";
Bundle query_data;
ImageView action_search, action_delete;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
Log.d("TAG", "Main-act-created");
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
query_data = new Bundle();
query_data.putString("SEARCHQUERY",user_query);
search_query = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.search_query);
action_search = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.action_search);
action_delete = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.action_delete);
FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
Fragment fragment = new MainFragment();
fragment.setArguments(query_data);
fragmentTransaction.add(fragment,"MainFragment");
fragmentTransaction.commit();
Thread t = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
SharedPreferences getPrefs = PreferenceManager
.getDefaultSharedPreferences(getBaseContext());
boolean isFirstStart = getPrefs.getBoolean("firstStart", true);
if (isFirstStart) {
Intent i = new Intent(MainActivity.this, BoardingActivity.class);
startActivity(i);
SharedPreferences.Editor e = getPrefs.edit();
e.putBoolean("firstStart", false);
e.apply();
}
}
});
// Start the thread
t.start();
action_search.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
respondToSearch();
}
});
action_delete.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
}
});
}
public void respondToSearch(){
user_query = search_query.getText().toString();
//pass the query to MainFragment
query_data.putString("SEARCHQUERY",user_query);
Fragment fragment = new MainFragment();
fragment.setArguments(query_data);
}
}
This is the layout for the activity :
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:id="@+id/main_frame"
android:background="#ffffff"
android:layout_margin="2dp"
android:padding="2dp"
android:orientation="vertical">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="7.5"
android:background="#B71C1C"
android:alpha="0.9"
android:layout_marginBottom="3dp"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<EditText
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:hint="Search"
android:id="@+id/search_query"
android:textSize="25sp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_marginLeft="2dp"
android:layout_marginTop="2dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="2dp"/>
<ImageView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="#B71C1C"
android:src="@drawable/close"
android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="15dp"
android:layout_marginRight="15dp"
android:id="@+id/action_delete"
android:layout_weight="5"/>
<ImageView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:src="@drawable/search"
android:background="#ffffff"
android:id="@+id/action_search"
android:layout_weight="5"/>
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1">
<FrameLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<ImageView
android:layout_width="250dp"
android:layout_height="120dp"
android:src="@drawable/banner"
android:layout_gravity="right"
android:gravity="right"
android:layout_margin="3dp"
android:padding="0dp" />
<fragment xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/main_browse_fragment"
android:name="in.silive.mytvapplication.Fragments.MainFragment"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".Activities.MainActivity"
tools:deviceIds="tv"
tools:ignore="MergeRootFrame" />
</FrameLayout>
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
And here is how I am trying to retrieve the string in MainFragment:
@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate-MainFragment");
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
context = getActivity();
prepareBackgroundManager();
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate-MainFragment_background prepared");
sbundle = getArguments().getBundle("SEARCHQUERY");
if(sbundle!=null){
user_search = this.getArguments().getString("SEARCHQUERY");
Log.d("TAG","user search : "+user_search);
}
setupUIElements();
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate-MainFragment_ui elements placed");
mRowsAdapter = new ArrayObjectAdapter(new ListRowPresenter());
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
if (j == 0) {
sprogressDialog = new ProgressDialog(context);
sprogressDialog.setMessage("Loading");
sprogressDialog.show();
}
final int finalJ = j;
new FetchData(j, context, api_url[j], new OnTaskComplete() {
@Override
public void OnTaskComplete() {
loadRows(i);
if (finalJ == 4 && sprogressDialog.isShowing())
sprogressDialog.dismiss();
}
}).execute();
}
dataLoaded = true;
//loadRows();
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate-MainFragment_row adapter implemented");
setupEventListeners();
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate-MainFragment_event listeners applied");
}
I get this error :
Process: in.silive.mytvapplication, PID: 6417
java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{in.silive.mytvapplication/in.silive.mytvapplication.Activities.MainActivity}: java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'android.os.Bundle android.os.Bundle.getBundle(java.lang.String)' on a null object reference
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2665)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2726)
at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap12(ActivityThread.java)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1477)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6119)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:886)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:776)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'android.os.Bundle android.os.Bundle.getBundle(java.lang.String)' on a null object reference
at in.silive.mytvapplication.Fragments.MainFragment.onActivityCreated(MainFragment.java:99)
at android.app.Fragment.performActivityCreated(Fragment.java:2362)
at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.moveToState(FragmentManager.java:1014)
at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.moveToState(FragmentManager.java:1171)
at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.moveToState(FragmentManager.java:1153)
at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.dispatchActivityCreated(FragmentManager.java:2039)
at android.app.FragmentController.dispatchActivityCreated(FragmentController.java:176)
at android.app.Activity.performCreateCommon(Activity.java:6673)
at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:6681)
at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1118)
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2618)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2726)
at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap12(ActivityThread.java)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1477)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6119)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:886)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:776)
This is line number : 99.(sbundle = getArguments().getBundle("QUERYSEARCH");)
A:
Pass the value using Bundle
public void respondToSearch(){
user_query = search_query.getText().toString();
Fragment fragment = new MainFragment();
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("QUERYSEARCH", user_query);
fragment.setArguments(bundle);
}
and read the value from Bundle
Bundle bundle = getArguments();
String sbundle = bundle.getString("QUERYSEARCH");
In your code, you're sending key value as SEARCHQUERY and reading the value with key QUERYSEARCH.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Q:
Passing a model method's output to its controller
I've defined this method in my Track model
def random_number
max = Article.maximum(:id)
id = rand(1..max)
return id
end
and am trying to pass it to the Tracks controller to render another classes object in the tracks controller's index view like so:
def index
@tracks = Track.all
id = Track.random_number
@random = Article.find_by_id(id)
end
Yet keep getting a NoMethodError "undefined method `random_number' for #".
Any tips on how to render this correctly?
Thanks!!
A:
You are calling it like it were a class method. Add self to the method an you are good to go.
def self.random_number
The way it is now, you can only access the method using an instance of the Track class.
@track = Track.new
@track.random_number
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Women of Power Table Pack Coming to Marvel Pinball
Two new tables are coming to Marvel Pinball next week featuring Marvel’s super heroes and super villains as part of the Marvel Women of Power pack. The two tables include Ms. Marvel, Black Widow, Squirrel Girl, Thor, Captain Marvel, and She-Hulk, just to name a few.
The first table is the A-Force table, featuring a storyline where the Cosmic Cube destruction has created a Soviet-controlled alternate reality. The goal is to keep the Cosmic Cube balls alive in the Wizard’s Mode with Black Widow and Madame Masque. The second table is the Champions table, where players must help Kamala Khan and her friends defeat Bombshell. Squirrel Girl’s squirrel army will hunt down Bombshell, and Spider-Gwen’s webbing will stop her in her tracks.
The Marvel Women of Power pack will be available on September 27, 2016 for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, and Vita. From the Zen Studios blog, this table pack will be available for Zen Pinball 2 and Marvel Pinball. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Hits and Highways Ahead
Hits and Highways Ahead is the first compilation album released by country music artist Lee Roy Parnell. It was released in 1999 by the Arista Nashville label. It peaked at #63 on the Top Country Albums chart.
Track listing
"She Won't Be Lonely Long" (Bob McDill) - 4:01
"Heart's Desire" (Lee Roy Parnell, Cris Moore) – 4:12
"Love Without Mercy" (Don Pfrimmer, Mike Reid) – 4:43
"On the Road" (McDill) - 4:38
"Long Way to Fall" (Gary Nicholson, Parnell) - 4:43
"A Little Bit of You" (Trey Bruce, Craig Wiseman) - 2:41
"I'm Holding My Own" (Tony Arata) - 4:15
"What Kind of Fool Do You Think I Am" (Al Carmichael, Gary Griffin) - 3:36
"When a Woman Loves a Man" (Rafe Van Hoy, Mark Luna) – 3:43
"Tender Moment" (Rory Michael Bourke, Moore, Parnell) – 3:08
"If the House Is Rockin'" (Nicholson, Mike Henderson, Wally Wilson) – 3:28
"John the Revelator" (Traditional) - 5:06
Personnel
Eddie Bayers - drums
Richard Bennett - electric guitar
Dan Dugmore - steel guitar
The Fairfield Four - background vocals
Davey Faragher - bass guitar
Chris Harris - background vocals
Teresa James - background vocals
John Barlow Jarvis - piano
John Jorgenson - electric guitar
Jim Keltner - drums
Kevin McKendree - piano
Terry McMillan - percussion
Steve Mackey - bass guitar
Jonell Mosser - background vocals
Lee Roy Parnell - electric guitar, slide guitar, lead vocals
James Pennebaker - acoustic guitar, electric guitar
Don Potter - acoustic guitar
Michael Rhodes - bass guitar
Joseph Rice - background vocals
Matt Rollings - keyboards
Russell Smith - background vocals
Michael Spriggs - acoustic guitar
Harry Stinson - background vocals
Fred Tackett - acoustic guitar, electric guitar
Scott Thurston - background vocals
Jeffrey "C.J." Vanston - organ
Billy Joe Walker Jr. - acoustic guitar
Lynn Williams - drums
Dennis Wilson - background vocals
Glenn Worf - bass guitar
Bob Wray - bass guitar
Reese Wynans - organ
Trisha Yearwood - background vocals
Curtis Young - background vocals
Chart performance
References
Hits and Highways Ahead at CMT.com
Category:Lee Roy Parnell albums
Category:1999 compilation albums
Category:Albums produced by Barry Beckett
Category:Albums produced by Scott Hendricks
Category:Arista Records compilation albums | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
User Actions
Lo Bok with Sichuan Peppercorns and Fresh Red Chiles
This is a coleslaw-style salad — its sweet, spicy, and crunchy elements make it a terrific accompaniment to anything fried. Sichuan peppercorns, sometimes called fagara, can be found at many Asian markets (though they're technically banned from import because they come from a plant that is susceptible to citrus canker, a disease that devastates citrus orchards). There's no substitute for their flavor, but if you can't find them, the recipe works perfectly well without them.
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Preparation
Cut radish and carrots into fine julienne with mandoline, then toss with 2 tablespoons kosher salt in a bowl and let stand 1 hour. Drain in a colander, then squeeze handfuls in a kitchen towel to remove moisture and transfer to a bowl.
While vegetables are standing, heat vinegars, sugar, and remaining 1/2 teaspoon kosher salt in a small nonreactive saucepan over moderate heat, stirring, until sugar is dissolved.
Meanwhile, heat peanut oil in a small heavy skillet over moderately high heat until hot but not smoking, then sauté dried chiles and Sichuan peppercorns, stirring, until chiles are blackened, 1 to 2 minutes. Remove from heat and stir in ginger and fresh chiles, then stir into vinegar mixture. Cool sauce.
Menus & Tags
Tags:
Recent Reviews
This salad was delicious! I was surprised at the tastiness of this salad. I used agave syrup for the sweetener and only carrots because I couldn't find any daikon. I also didn't put any cilantro in it and added the scallion to the dressing in the saucepan after I had taken it off the heat, just to soften them a little bit. Tasty!
SweetHearth from Vancouver, BC /
Flag if Inappropriate
I made this recipe to accompany Five Spice Roast Chicken and Ma-Po Tofu and it worked together beautifully. The company dinner was a great success. I used the shredding tool of my food processor instead of a mandoline and added a package of Broccoli Slaw--washed and ready to use--that I bought at the market (for a little variety in the salad).
AudreEngleman from The World /
Flag if Inappropriate
Very good, but be careful about salting the carrots & daikon. They are very salty afterwards; you should wash it under water briefly, then squeeze it to remove all water. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
package com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Areas;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.core.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.core.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.core.collections.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Abilities.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Areas.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Areas.interfaces.Area.CompleteRoomEnumerator;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Areas.interfaces.Area.RoomIDEnumerator;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Behaviors.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.CharClasses.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Commands.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Common.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Exits.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Items.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Locales.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Libraries.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.MOBS.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Races.interfaces.*;
import java.util.*;
/*
Copyright 2006-2020 Bo Zimmerman
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
public class StdThinArea extends StdArea
{
@Override
public String ID()
{
return "StdThinArea";
}
@Override
public long flags()
{
return Area.FLAG_THIN;
}
@Override
public void addProperRoom(final Room R)
{
if(R!=null)
R.setExpirationDate(System.currentTimeMillis() + WorldMap.ROOM_EXPIRATION_MILLIS);
super.addProperRoom(R);
}
public Room getProperRoom(final String roomID)
{
if(!isRoom(roomID))
return null;
final Room R=super.getRoom(roomID);
if(((R==null)||(R.amDestroyed()))&&(roomID!=null))
return null;
return R;
}
@Override
public int getPercentRoomsCached()
{
final double totalRooms=getProperRoomnumbers().roomCountAllAreas();
if(totalRooms==0.0)
return 100;
final double currentRooms=getCachedRoomnumbers().roomCountAllAreas();
return (int)Math.round((currentRooms/totalRooms)*100.0);
}
@Override
public int[] getAreaIStats()
{
if(!CMProps.getBoolVar(CMProps.Bool.MUDSTARTED))
return emptyStats;
final int totalRooms=getProperRoomnumbers().roomCountAllAreas();
final int percent=getPercentRoomsCached();
if((totalRooms>15)&&(percent<90))
return emptyStats;
if((totalRooms>5)&&(percent<50))
return emptyStats;
if(percent<10)
return emptyStats;
return super.getAreaIStats();
}
@Override
public Room getRoom(String roomID)
{
if(!isRoom(roomID))
return null;
Room R=super.getRoom(roomID);
if(((R==null)||(R.amDestroyed()))&&(roomID!=null))
{
if(roomID.toUpperCase().startsWith(Name().toUpperCase()+"#"))
roomID=Name()+roomID.substring(Name().length()); // for case sensitive situations
R=CMLib.database().DBReadRoomObject(roomID,false);
if(R!=null)
{
R.setArea(this);
addProperRoom(R);
CMLib.database().DBReadRoomExits(roomID,R,false);
CMLib.database().DBReadContent(roomID,R,true);
fillInAreaRoom(R);
R.setExpirationDate(System.currentTimeMillis()+WorldMap.ROOM_EXPIRATION_MILLIS);
}
}
return R;
}
@Override
public Enumeration<Room> getProperMap()
{
return new IteratorEnumeration<Room>(properRooms.values().iterator());
}
public boolean isRoom(final String roomID)
{
return getProperRoomnumbers().contains(roomID);
}
@Override
public boolean isRoom(final Room R)
{
if(R==null)
return false;
if(R.roomID().length()==0)
return super.isRoom(R);
return isRoom(R.roomID());
}
@Override
public Enumeration<Room> getCompleteMap()
{
return new CompleteRoomEnumerator(new RoomIDEnumerator(this));
}
@Override
public Enumeration<Room> getMetroMap()
{
final int minimum=getProperRoomnumbers().roomCountAllAreas()/10;
if(getCachedRoomnumbers().roomCountAllAreas()<minimum)
{
for(int r=0;r<minimum;r++)
getRandomProperRoom();
}
final MultiEnumeration<Room> multiEnumerator = new MultiEnumeration<Room>(new RoomIDEnumerator(this));
for(final Iterator<Area> a=getChildrenReverseIterator();a.hasNext();)
multiEnumerator.addEnumeration(a.next().getMetroMap());
return new CompleteRoomEnumerator(multiEnumerator);
}
}
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
85 F.3d 494
132 Lab.Cas. P 33,403, 3 Wage & Hour Cas.2d(BNA) 577
Kenneth HAMILTON, on behalf of himself and all otheremployees of the Tulsa County Public FacilitiesAuthority similarly situated, Plaintiff-Appellant,v.TULSA COUNTY PUBLIC FACILITIES AUTHORITY, Defendant-Appellee.
No. 95-5247.
United States Court of Appeals,Tenth Circuit.
June 6, 1996.
Michael T. Keester (Steven A. Broussard with him, on the brief) of Hall, Estill, Hardick, Gable, Golden & Nelson, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for appellee.
Eric B. Bolusky of Lester & Bryant, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for appellant.
Before ANDERSON, BARRETT, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.
BARRETT, Senior Circuit Judge.
1
After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this panel has determined unanimously to honor the parties' request for a decision on the briefs without oral argument. See Fed.R.App.P. 34(f); 10th Cir.R. 34.1.9. The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
2
Kenneth Hamilton, George Bradley, Eddie Ray Tearel, and Rosalee Wood (collectively "Appellants") appeal from the district court's Order granting Tulsa County Public Facilities Authority's (TCPFA) Motion for Summary Judgment and denying Appellants' Motion for Summary Judgment.
3
Appellants are former employees of TCPFA. Hamilton, Bradley, and Tearel performed maintenance work for TCPFA. Wood was a security guard.1 During their employment with TCPFA, Appellants were compensated at their regular rate of pay for hours worked in excess of forty hours per week.
4
TCPFA is a public trust which manages the Tulsa County Fairgrounds. Tulsa County is the beneficiary. By its Charter, TCPFA's primary purpose is to "establish, provide, maintain and promote recreational centers, agricultural and industrial expositions, fairs, trade shows and other recreational facilities and activities." It is undisputed that more than 50% of TCPFA's income is derived from recreational or amusement activities, including the Tulsa State Fair, horse racing, amusement and water parks, and baseball.
5
Appellants filed this action to collect unpaid overtime compensation for hours worked in excess of forty hours per week pursuant to the Fair Labor Standards Act (the FLSA), 29 U.S.C. § 207(a).2 TCPFA defended on the basis that it was not required to pay Appellants overtime under § 207(a), because it was statutorily exempt pursuant to the amusement or recreational establishment exemption to the FLSA, 29 U.S.C. § 213(a)(3).
6
On October 12, 1995, the district court granted TCPFA's Motion for Summary Judgment finding/concluding that TCPFA was an amusement or recreational establishment and that the exemption found in 29 U.S.C. § 213(a)(3) applied.
7
On appeal, Appellants contend that the district court erred in granting TCPFA's Motion for Summary Judgment because: (1) they were not covered by the exemption, inasmuch as they were not serving in traditional recreational or amusement activities; and (2) TCPFA does not meet the criteria of a single establishment under the recreational and amusement exemption, inasmuch as the various businesses on the fair grounds constitute separate establishments.
8
We review a district court's grant or denial of summary judgment de novo, applying the same legal standard used by the district court. Wolf v. Prudential Ins. Co. of Am., 50 F.3d 793, 796 (10th Cir.1995) (citations omitted). Summary judgment is appropriate if there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id.
9
Generally, the FLSA requires employers to pay employees at least one and one-half times their regular rate of pay for all hours worked in excess of forty hours per week as "overtime compensation." 29 U.S.C. § 207(a). However, the FLSA specifically exempts "any employee employed by an establishment which is an amusement or recreational establishment...." 29 U.S.C. § 213(a)(3). " 'Amusement or recreational establishments' as used in [ § 213(a)(3) ] are establishments frequented by the public for its amusement or recreation." 29 C.F.R. § 779.385. An amusement or recreational establishment employer qualifies for the exemption if "(A) it does not operate for more than seven months in any calendar year, or (B) during the preceding calendar year, its average receipts for any six months of such year were not more than 33 1/3 per centum of its average receipts for the other six months of such year...." 29 U.S.C. § 213(a)(3).
10
a.
11
It is undisputed that TCPFA's average receipts for any six months are not more than 33 1/3% of its average receipts for the other six months of the year. Therefore, TCPFA qualifies as an amusement or recreational establishment under § 213(a)(3)(B). However, Appellants argue that TCPFA is not entitled to the exemption under § 213(a)(3), because the type of work they performed was not traditional amusement or recreational activities.
12
By its own terms, § 213(a)(3) of the FLSA exempts employees employed by amusement or recreational establishments; it does not exempt employees on the basis of the work performed at an amusement or recreational establishment. It is the character of the revenue producing activity which affords the employer the protection of the exemption. 29 C.F.R. § 779.302. See Hays v. City of Pauls Valley, 74 F.3d 1002, 1006 (10th Cir.1996); Jeffery v. Sarasota White Sox, Inc., 64 F.3d 590, 596 (11th Cir.1995); Marshall v. New Hampshire Jockey Club, Inc., 562 F.2d 1323, 1331 n. 4 (1st Cir.1977); Brennan v. Southern Productions, Inc., 513 F.2d 740, 746-47 (6th Cir.1975).3 Since TCPFA is in the business of providing "amusement and recreation" to the public and it has satisfied the requirements of § 213(a)(3)(B), its employees are exempt from the requirement of the overtime provisions of the FLSA, 29 U.S.C. § 207(a).
13
b.
14
Appellants contend that because the various businesses located on the fairgrounds constitute separate establishments, TCPFA does not meet the requirement of a single establishment under § 213(a)(3) in relation to Hamilton, Bradley and Tearel since they were central maintenance employees who served more than one "establishment" on the fairgrounds.
15
Appellants rely on Brennan v. Yellowstone Park Lines, Inc., 478 F.2d 285 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 909, 94 S.Ct. 228, 38 L.Ed.2d 147 (1973), in which we held that the various facilities in Yellowstone National Park were separate and distinct establishments and not a single integrated establishment and that, based on the agreements of the parties, the central employees who worked for several or all of the facilities were not exempt. Appellants reliance is misplaced. Before we reach the issue in Yellowstone Park of whether an employer's individual operations are a single integrated establishment or separate and distinct establishments, there must be a common owner and/or operator.4
16
Unlike the employers in Yellowstone Park who owned and operated all of the individual facilities in Yellowstone National Park, TCPFA does not own or operate the other businesses located on the fairgrounds; it simply leases the property to them. Therefore, the issue is solely whether TCPFA is an amusement or recreational establishment in and of itself. Whether the other businesses located on the fairground may or may not be amusement or recreational establishments entitled to the exemption under § 213(a)(3) is irrelevant.
17
After reviewing the record, we conclude that TCPFA satisfies the requirements of the amusement or recreational establishment exemption. First, TCPFA manages the fairgrounds as a distinct physical place of business. Second, it is undisputed that TCPFA's primary purpose is to establish, provide, maintain, and promote recreational centers, agricultural and industrial expositions, fairs, trade shows, and other recreational facilities and activities. Therefore, TCPFA is an amusement or recreational establishment within the meaning of § 213(a)(3) and its employees are exempt from the FLSA.
18
AFFIRMED.
1
Prior to this action, Wood filed a claim for overtime pay under § 207(a) of the FLSA with the Department of Labor. Her claim was denied on the grounds that TCPFA was exempt as an amusement or recreational establishment
2
On December 16, 1994, Hamilton filed his complaint. Bradley and Tearel filed Consents of Individuals to Become Party Plaintiff in Collective Action under § 16(b) of the Fair Labor Standards Act on December 29, 1994. Wood filed her consent to join on February 17, 1995
3
In Brennan v. Six Flags Over Georgia, Ltd., 474 F.2d 18, 19 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 827, 94 S.Ct. 47, 38 L.Ed.2d 61 (1973), the Fifth Circuit concluded that "[t]he nature of the work is what gives rise to the need for an exemption; the exemption is not a subsidy accorded to an employer because of his principal activities." We do not agree with this broad statement and decline to follow this view, especially in light of the Fifth Circuit's failure to do so in Brennan v. Texas City Dike & Marina, Inc., 492 F.2d 1115, 1119 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 896, 95 S.Ct. 175, 42 L.Ed.2d 140 (1974), wherein the court concluded that "its principal activity should be determinative of the marina's eligibility for an exemption."
4
29 C.F.R. § 779.303 provides us with illustrative examples of common ownership or operation
| {
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
} |
Witterda
Witterda is a municipality in the Sömmerda district of Thuringia, Germany.
References
Category:Sömmerda (district)
Category:Bezirk Erfurt | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Filed 6/10/16 P. v. Frias CA6
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE, H040691
(Monterey County
Plaintiff and Respondent, Super. Ct. No. SS13051284)
v.
GREGORIO RICO FRIAS,
Defendant and Appellant.
In advance of trial, defendant Gregorio Rico Frias entered a no contest plea to a
misdemeanor charge of misappropriating lost property. (Pen. Code, § 485, count 3.)1
1
Unspecified section references are to the Penal Code.
Defendant was originally charged in three counts with commercial burglary
(§ 459, count 1), petty theft of meat from a market with five priors (§§ 666, 484,
subd. (a), count 2), and misappropriation of lost property (§ 485, count 3). Count 3
pertained to defendant’s possession of other people’s personal property when he was
arrested following the meat theft.
The complaint also alleged various prior convictions and prison terms: one
serious felony conviction in 2001 for criminal threats (§ 1170.12, subd. (c)(1)); five theft-
related imprisonments after a 1987 conviction of possession of stolen property (§ 496,
subd. (a)), 1993 and 1994 convictions of petty thefts with a prior (§§ 666, 484, subd. (a)),
a 1995 conviction of second degree burglary (§§ 459-460) , and a 2011 conviction of
vehicle theft (Veh. Code, § 10851); and service of five separate prison terms (§ 667.5,
subd. (b)) following the 1987 possession conviction and also a 1988 conviction of escape
while charged with a felony, the 1995 burglary conviction, a 1997 conviction of
(Continued)
After a jury trial, defendant was convicted of petty theft for his role in stealing about $70
worth of meat from a Salinas market. (§ 484, subd. (a), count 2). When the jury was
unable to agree on a charge of commercial burglary after further deliberations (§ 459,
count 1), the court declared a mistrial as to that charge.
In bifurcated proceedings, the court found defendant to have a 2001 serious felony
conviction for criminal threats (§ 1170.12, subd. (c)(1)) and to have served five separate
prison terms (§ 667.5, subd. (b)) following a 1987 conviction of possession of stolen
property and a 1988 conviction of escape while charged with a felony, a 1995 conviction
of second degree burglary, a 1997 conviction of possession of a controlled substance,
2001 convictions of criminal threats and attempted burglary, and a 2004 conviction in
Nevada of possession of methamphetamine for sale. The court also found that defendant
had three theft-related imprisonments (§ 666), first following the 1987 conviction, second
following a 1994 conviction of misdemeanor petty theft with a prior, and third following
a 2011 misdemeanor vehicle theft conviction. Two other theft-related convictions were
alleged but not proved.
At sentencing, the trial court denied defendant’s requests to strike his strike
conviction and to reduce his conviction of petty theft with a prior to a misdemeanor.
Then the court imposed a prison sentence of nine years, consisting of the middle term of
two years for petty theft with a prior (count 2), doubled due to defendant’s prior strike,
and a total of five consecutive one-year terms for each of defendant’s five prior prison
terms. The court imposed no additional time for count 3. “In regards to fines, there is a
$2,700 restitution fine. An additional $2,700 fine is imposed but suspended pending
successful completion of parole.” The court imposed other fees.
possession of a controlled substance, 2001 convictions of criminal threats and attempted
burglary, and a 2004 conviction in Nevada of possession of methamphetamine for sale.
2
On appeal, defendant faults his trial counsel for failing to object three times, (1) to
testimony about a warrant for defendant, (2) to part of the prosecutor’s closing argument,
and (3) to imposition of a restitution fine arguably based on an inapplicable $300
minimum fine. Defendant also asserts that the pattern instruction describing liability for
aiding and abetting is flawed in lowering the threshold for conviction. The facts relevant
to these contentions will be summarized in our analysis. For the reasons stated below, we
will order the restitution fine recalculated to a total of $2,520 based on a minimum fine of
$280 and will affirm the judgment as so modified.
I. TRIAL EVIDENCE
The Santa Fe Market (Market) in Salinas is a Hispanic specialty store. The
Market has two entrances and many surveillance cameras that are constantly recording
only video, not audio, on a hard drive. Three recordings made on May 27, 2013 were
introduced in evidence at trial. Defendant did not testify.
The first video clip showed defendant entering the store.2 A woman dressed in
white and carrying an oversized brown purse or bag came through the same entrance
right behind defendant.
In order to buy meat at the Market’s meat and deli counter, a customer has to place
an order describing the kind and amount of meat. On May 27, defendant ordered about
10 pounds of flat, regular meat and three pounds of seasoned meat from Ruth Perea, a
Market clerk. She recalled that he kept looking nervously from side to side while placing
his order. His order totaled about $70 worth of meat.
2
We need not view the videos to decide the issues raised in this appeal. For
example, we need not determine whether defendant was “pushing a shopping cart” as he
entered the store, as stated by the Attorney General. We will rely on the prosecutor’s
characterizations of the video clips during jury argument to the extent they went
uncontradicted by the defense argument.
3
The second video clip showed defendant with the packaged meat in his cart meet
up in an aisle of the store with the woman in white, who was also pushing a cart. The
woman took the meat from defendant’s cart and put it into her large purse, while
defendant transferred some items from his cart into hers. During the process the woman
looked over her shoulder. When the woman was finished loading the meat into her purse,
she and defendant separated.
The third video clip showed the woman in white leaving the Market carrying her
bag. She walked out without paying for the meat.
As the woman left with a large bag, the store manager suspected a theft from the
store. He and a cashier tried to stop her, but she screamed for help and ran away. The
store manager then informed the store’s owner, Enrique Mendoza, about his suspicions.
Mendoza immediately checked the surveillance videos to see what the woman had done
inside the store and observed her interaction with defendant.
Defendant walked up to a cashier with a cart and asked her to hold his items. He
said he was going out to retrieve his Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) card, which he
had forgotten. He left the store.
The store owner and manager went looking for defendant and found him, looking
somewhat lost, standing outside the store. They detained him and called the police.
Salinas Police Officer Gavin McVeigh and his partner responded to the call from
the Market a little after 4 p.m. on May 27. McVeigh spoke with the owner in an
employee break room where defendant was detained by a couple of store employees.
While the officer was talking with the owner, defendant volunteered that: he was not
involved in the theft; he did not know the woman who took items out of his cart; he tried
to stop her from taking his meat order.
McVeigh viewed some of the surveillance videos in the store. From the hours of
videos recorded from many surveillance cameras, the store owner selected what he
considered the best evidence of what occurred and gave them to the officer.
4
Officer McVeigh took defendant into custody. A search of defendant revealed he
had no means to pay for any items.
The woman was not arrested and the meat was not recovered.
II. JURY INSTRUCTIONS AND DELIBERATION
The court gave the jury the following instructions, among others. Prior to
testimony, the jury was instructed in terms of CALCRIM No. 100, “After the People
present their evidence, the defense may also present evidence, but is not required to do
so. Because he is presumed innocent, the defendant does not have to prove that he is not
guilty.” The jury was also instructed before testimony about the presumption of
innocence and the requirement that the prosecution prove guilt beyond a reasonable
doubt. (CALCRIM No. 220.)
After trial, the jury was instructed that defendant was charged with burglary in
count 1 and petty theft in count 2. Specific intent is an element of each crime.
(CALCRIM No. 251.) The jury was instructed about the elements of burglary in terms of
CALCRIM No. 1700 and about the elements of petty theft by larceny in terms of
CALCRIM No. 1800.
The jury was instructed about proving intent by circumstantial evidence in terms
of CALCRIM No. 225. “An intent may be proved by circumstantial evidence. Before
you may rely on circumstantial evidence to conclude that a fact necessary to find the
defendant guilty has been proved, you must be convinced that the People have proved
each fact essential to that conclusion beyond a reasonable doubt.
“Also, before you may rely on circumstantial evidence to conclude that the
defendant had the required intent, you must be convinced that the only reasonable
conclusion supported by the circumstantial evidence is that the defendant had the
required intent.
“If you can draw two or more reasonable conclusions from the circumstantial
evidence, and one of those reasonable conclusions supports a finding that the defendant
5
did have the required intent and another reasonable conclusion supports a finding that the
defendant did not, you must conclude that the required intent was not proved by the
circumstantial evidence. [¶] However, when considering circumstantial evidence, you
must accept only reasonable conclusions and reject any that are unreasonable.”
The jury was again given the standard instruction about the presumption of
innocence and the requirement that the prosecution prove guilt beyond a reasonable
doubt. (CALCRIM No. 220.) We quote the aiding and abetting instructions below
where relevant (in Part III.B).
“You must follow the law as I explain it to you, even if you disagree with it. If
you believe that the attorneys’ comments on the law conflict with my instructions, you
must follow my instructions.” (CALCRIM No. 200.)
The jury retired to deliberate at 4:34 p.m. on October 15, 2013 after trial testimony
was presented the same day. The jury returned to the courtroom after selecting a
foreperson and decided to resume deliberations the next morning at 8:30 a.m. The next
day, the jury took a one-hour lunch break and returned with a verdict on the petty theft
charge only shortly after 2 p.m.
The court asked if the jurors could arrive at a verdict on the burglary charge with
continued deliberations and instructed them to try in terms of CALCRIM No. 3551.
During further deliberation on the burglary charge, the jurors sent two notes to the court
regarding when the intent to aid and abet burglary must be formed. The court answered
the notes in writing. At 4:38 p.m., the court polled the jurors individually to confirm they
were hopelessly deadlocked on count 1. The court declared a mistrial as to count 1 only
and accepted the verdict of guilt on count 2.
III. ANALYSIS
A. INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF TRIAL COUNSEL
On appeal defendant contends that his trial counsel’s failure to object on three
occasions amounted to unconstitutional ineffectiveness. First, defense counsel should
6
have objected to trial testimony about a warrant for defendant. Second, counsel should
have objected to part of the prosecutor’s closing argument. Third, counsel should have
objected to the amount of the restitution fine imposed at sentencing.
The ingredients of establishing that criminal trial counsel was constitutionally
deficient are well known. First, counsel’s conduct must fall outside the wide range of
reasonable professional assistance. Second, the defendant must establish prejudice
resulting from counsel’s errors or omissions, namely, that there is a reasonable
probability of a more favorable outcome in the absence of counsel’s errors. A probability
is reasonable when it is sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome. (Strickland v.
Washington (1984) 466 U.S. 668, 694; People v. Bolin (1998) 18 Cal.4th 297, 333;
People v. Vines (2011) 51 Cal.4th 830, 875.)
1. Testimony about a Warrant for Defendant
Defendant asserts on appeal that he was prejudiced because Officer McVeigh
stated that he arrested defendant in the Market on May 27, 2013 pursuant to a warrant.
Specifically, on direct examination, the prosecutor asked, “You arrested him for
what?” and McVeigh answered, “He had a warrant at that time.”
Without objection, McVeigh’s direct examination continued. “Well, did you
process his arrest for a theft-related offense?” “I did.” “For his activity in that store that
day?” “Correct.” “And that was based on the information you obtained from the
personnel at the store?” “Correct. Mr. Mendoza[, the store owner,] wished he be
arrested for the theft.”
On appeal defendant contends that the warrant reference violated the court’s in
limine ruling granting defendant’s written motion to “exclude evidence of prior bad acts
or prior convictions.” (Capitalization omitted.) Because there was no objection to this
testimony at trial, defendant portrays his appointed counsel as constitutionally ineffective.
“ ‘[D]eciding whether to object is inherently tactical, and the failure to object will
rarely establish ineffective assistance.’ ” (People v. Lopez (2008) 42 Cal.4th 960, 972,
7
quoting People v. Hillhouse (2002) 27 Cal.4th 469, 502.) On the other hand, “One of the
principal tasks of a defense attorney is to attempt to protect his or her client from the
admission of evidence that is more prejudicial than probative, and that obligation clearly
applies to efforts made by the prosecution to introduce evidence of prior crimes or acts of
violence alleged to have been committed by a defendant, when such crimes are unrelated
to the charged offense.” (In re Jones (1996) 13 Cal.4th 552, 581-582.)
The Attorney General speculates that defense counsel made a knowing “tactical”
decision to not object to the “passing reference” to defendant’s warrant. “Any objection
to the testimony would have drawn the jury’s attention to it. By letting the prosecution’s
questioning continue without interruption, the jury’s attention was kept on the
prosecution’s line of questions, which immediately returned to the facts of the case at
hand.” Defendant responds, as “counsel had already vigorously fought to exclude that
very same evidence during the motions in limine and obtained the ruling to keep the
evidence out; there could be no tactical explanation for changing his mind about putting it
in front of the jury midway through the trial.”
Appellate courts have occasionally justified a defense omission to object to certain
evidence as based on the tactic of avoiding focusing the jury’s attention on the
unfavorable evidence. (E.g., People v. Harris (2008) 43 Cal.4th 1269, 1290.) However,
we need not speculate further about defense counsel’s unexpressed thoughts.
“[W]hen considering a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, ‘a court need not
determine whether counsel’s performance was deficient before examining the prejudice
suffered by the defendant as a result of the alleged deficiencies. . . . If it is easier to
dispose of an ineffectiveness claim on the ground of lack of sufficient prejudice, which
we expect will often be so, that course should be followed.’ (Strickland v. Washington
[, supra,] 466 U.S. 668, 697.) A defendant must prove prejudice that is a ‘ “demonstrable
reality,” not simply speculation.’ [Citations.]” (People v. Fairbank (1997) 16 Cal.4th
1223, 1241.)
8
Cases have considered the prejudicial impact of evidence of a defendant’s
unrelated arrests. In People v. Anderson (1978) 20 Cal.3d 647, after being charged with
murder, codefendants were convicted of voluntary manslaughter. (Id. at pp. 649-650.)
During cross-examination of one of the two codefendants, the prosecutor elicited that the
codefendants had been arrested together twice before on unspecified charges. (Id. at
p. 650.) The issue on appeal was not ineffective assistance, because defense counsel had
objected to the evidence of the accused’s prior arrests. (Ibid.) The Supreme Court
pointed out that evidence of prior arrests can easily be prejudicial in showing a
defendant’s bad character. (Id. at p. 651.) In that case, the arrest evidence was deemed
prejudicial because “[t]he jury took several days of deliberation to reach its verdict,” and
“the record reveals a close and difficult credibility determination for the jury which had
to weigh divergent and conflicting factual recitations describing the fight.” (Ibid.)
People v. Parsons (1984) 156 Cal.App.3d 1165 explained that the likely impact of
objectionable evidence depends on the state of the unobjectionable evidence. In that
case, a police officer testified that the defendant had been “arrested for auto burglary in
addition to the grand theft auto charge. The trial court had already ruled that such
evidence was inadmissible as irrelevant.” (Id. at p. 1169.) There was a defense objection
to the arrest testimony and the jury was admonished to disregard the evidence. (Ibid.)
In determining whether the prosecutorial misconduct was prejudicial, the court
stated: “ ‘Improper evidence of prior offense results in reversal only where the appellate
court’s review of the trial record reveals a closely balanced state of the evidence.
[Citations.] The same error, viewed in the light of a record which points convincingly to
guilt, is consistently regarded as nonprejudicial . . . .’ [Citation.]” (People v. Parsons,
supra, 156 Cal.App.3d at p. 1171.) In light of “convincing evidence of guilt,” the
appellate court concluded that “the prosecutor’s misconduct was harmless.” (Id. at
p. 1172.) Having reached that conclusion, it was easy for the appellate court to further
conclude, “Given the clear weight of evidence in favor of appellant’s guilt, there is no
9
indication that a determination more favorable to the appellant would have resulted had
the [public defender] zealously objected to evidence implicating the appellant in crimes
not charged in the information.” (Id. at p. 1173.)
Defendant claims he was prejudiced by trial counsel’s failure to object to Officer
McVeigh’s vague reference to an outstanding warrant. Though the Attorney General
does not respond to this argument, we are not convinced by it. Defendant contends that
“[t]he jury’s decision ultimately was based on which version of the facts it believed,” and
the deliberations established that “the case was close” as “[t]he jury twice sent notes to
the court asking to clarify instructions, and ultimately could not reach a verdict on the
count one commercial burglary charge, indicating that jurors did not find the
prosecution’s evidence to be overwhelming.”
However, in evidence was a videotape of defendant’s coordinated actions with the
woman who left the store with the meat he had ordered despite having no means of
paying for it. The two were proximate in location and time in entering the store and they
met up in the store after defendant had put a meat order in his shopping cart. The woman
proceeded to take the meat from defendant’s cart and place it in her purse or bag without
his protest or call for assistance. Defendant did not attempt to replace his meat order at
the meat counter, instead leaving the store shortly after the woman did without making a
purchase. From the jury’s notes during deliberations, they were unsure about the
burglary charge, not the petty theft charge. The notes, which were not sent until the jury
had reached a verdict on the petty theft charge, asked for clarification of when the intent
to aid and abet burglary must be formed. The jurors ultimately were unable to agree on
that charge.
Without defense counsel’s objection to this testimony, the prosecutor quickly
steered Officer McVeigh back to testifying that defendant was arrested for his activity in
the store that day. There was no reference to a warrant in counsel’s jury arguments.
They both focused on what the videotapes showed. If the isolated and vague testimonial
10
reference to a warrant was so prejudicial, it would seem the jury would have convicted
defendant of the burglary charge as well as petty theft. We conclude that there is no
reasonable probability that defendant would have obtained a more favorable verdict had
trial counsel objected to this testimony.
2. Prosecutor’s Argument about Reasonable Inferences
On appeal defendant contends that trial counsel should have objected to the
following italicized portion of the prosecutor’s closing argument.
In opening argument to the jury, the prosecutor acknowledged that “[e]ach
[element of a crime] must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt.”
Defense counsel’s jury argument began: “The People have to prove this case
beyond a reasonable doubt. That means that their explanation for what happened has to
be the only reasonable explanation for what happened. I think if we look at the evidence,
I think that there is other reasonable explanations for what happened here [sic]. [¶] The
main item of evidence is, of course, the video. I encourage you to look at the video.”
After reviewing the video, defense counsel reiterated, “based upon the evidence
presented, I think the People have failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that their
explanation is the only explanation that makes reasonable sense.”
The prosecutor’s closing argument began as follows. “Counsel has made one
argument and that’s on his idea of reasonable doubt. The burden is not proof beyond all
possible doubt. Anything dependent upon human affairs is open to some possible or
imaginary doubt. That’s not the People’s burden. [¶] But what I ask you to do is make
the reasonable inference from all the evidence you’ve received. And if you do that and if
you listen as I just did following the defendant’s—defense counsel’s arguments, you’ll
find that the set of facts don’t come up with a reasonable inference of innocence if you go
through this.” (Italics added.)
Without objection, the prosecutor proceeded in argument to review the video
evidence, contending that defense counsel had proposed the following series of chance
11
occurrences. Defendant entered the store in close proximity to the woman in white. She
later removed the meat from his cart. Her cart was empty. He did not have his electronic
benefits card at the time. The prosecutor concluded argument by saying, “So look at all
the evidence and the circumstances and draw the reasonable inference. If you do that,
you’ll find only one reasonable inference and that points to his acting in [concert] with
this woman in white with a clear intent to steal and that’s what they did.”
The California Supreme Court has reiterated: “Advocates are given significant
leeway in discussing the legal and factual merits of a case during argument. [Citation.]
However, ‘it is improper for the prosecutor to misstate the law generally [citation], and
particularly to attempt to absolve the prosecution from its . . . obligation to overcome
reasonable doubt on all elements [citation].’ ” (People v. Centeno (2014) 60 Cal.4th 659,
666 (Centeno), quoting People v. Marshall (1996) 13 Cal.4th 799, 831, and citing People
v. Hill (1998) 17 Cal.4th 800, 829 (Hill).) “It is . . . error to state that ‘a defendant has a
duty or burden to produce evidence, or a duty or burden to prove his or her innocence.’
[Citations.] It is, and remains, the prosecutor’s burden to prove the case. If the defense
chooses to produce evidence, the jury must, of course, consider it as part of the complete
record before it. To that end, the prosecution can surely point out that interpretations
proffered by the defense are neither reasonable nor credible.” (Centeno, supra, at
p. 673.)
In Hill, supra, 17 Cal.4th 800, on which defendant relies, in rebuttal argument, the
prosecutor asserted about reasonable doubt, “ ‘it must be reasonable. It’s not all possible
doubt. Actually, very simply, it means, you know, you have to have a reason for this
doubt. There has to be some evidence on which to base a doubt.’ ” (Id. at p. 831.) The
Supreme Court concluded that the prosecutor had misstated the law. “Although the
question arguably is close, we conclude it is reasonably likely Morton's comments, taken
in context, were understood by the jury to mean defendant had the burden of producing
evidence to demonstrate a reasonable doubt of his guilt.” (Id. at p. 832.) In Hill, the
12
Supreme Court identified many instances of prosecutorial misconduct during the guilt
phase of the trial in addition to this closing argument. (Id. at pp. 835-836.)
We do not understand the comment challenged by defendant here as of the same
nature as the statement in Hill. In Centeno, the court acknowledged that “[i]t is
permissible to argue that the jury may reject impossible or unreasonable interpretations of
the evidence and to so characterize a defense theory.” (Centeno, supra, 60 Cal.4th at
p. 672.) That is all that occurred in this case.
Defendant did not testify and the defense did not call any witnesses. The defense
strategy was to rely on defendant’s statement to the police and to raise questions about
the prosecution’s evidence. In argument, defense counsel invited the jury to view the
video-recordings of defendant in the market and offered what he called “other reasonable
explanations for what happened here.”
Specifically, when defendant met the woman in the aisle, “If you look at it, there’s
nothing to contradict Mr. Frias’s statement to the police that he did not know this woman,
she took the item from his cart and put it in hers. That’s exactly what happened. There
was no act of coordination if you look at the video. [¶] After she takes the items, there’s
no indication that he knew that she was going to steal the item. As far as he knew, she
was probably going to buy it as far as he knew. There’s no evidence to show that he
didn’t know that.” After reviewing the evidence, defense counsel asserted that “the
People have failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that their explanation is the only
explanation that makes reasonable sense.”
The prosecutor’s response in closing argument, though awkwardly phrased, was
essentially that the only reasonable interpretation of the video-recordings was that
defendant aided and abetted the woman in stealing the meat from the market. Going
through defense counsel’s arguments about the evidence, “you’ll find that the set of facts
don’t come up with a reasonable inference of innocence . . . .” In other words, defense
counsel’s implication that defendant’s conduct in the store was innocent found no support
13
in reasonable inferences from the evidence. It is not misconduct for a prosecutor to argue
that the inferences proposed by a defense argument are unreasonable. “The prosecution
has broad discretion to state its views as to what reasonable inferences may and may not
be drawn from the evidence.” (People v. Mitcham (1992) 1 Cal.4th 1027, 1047.)
“When attacking the prosecutor’s remarks to the jury, the defendant must show
that, ‘[i]n the context of the whole argument and the instructions’ [citation], there was ‘a
reasonable likelihood the jury understood or applied the complained-of comments in an
improper or erroneous manner. [Citations.] In conducting this inquiry, we “do not
lightly infer” that the jury drew the most damaging rather than the least damaging
meaning from the prosecutor’s statements. [Citation.]’ ” (Centeno, 60 Cal.4th at p. 667.)
In determining how the jury might have interpreted the prosecutor’s comment, we
take into consideration instructions the jury had received. At the outset of trial the jury
was instructed that because of the presumption of innocence, defendant was not required
to prove he was not guilty. It was the prosecution’s burden to prove guilt beyond a
reasonable doubt. After trial, the jury was instructed to ignore any comments by the
attorneys about the law that conflicted with the court’s instructions and was again
instructed about the prosecution’s burden of proof. In argument, both counsel
acknowledged the prosecution’s burden of proof. With these instructions in mind, we see
no reasonable likelihood that the jury understood the prosecutor’s challenged comment as
implying that defendant had any burden to prove his innocence. Defense counsel was not
required to assert a meritless objection to the prosecutor’s closing argument. For the
same reasons we conclude that it is unlikely that a juror misunderstood the prosecutor’s
comment, we would conclude that defendant was not prejudiced by the lack of an
objection. Prejudice is a component of establishing defense counsel’s ineffectiveness.
An objection would have led to instructions like those already given by the court, which
ameliorated the impact of the prosecutor’s statement.
14
3. Restitution Fine
The probation report recommended imposing a restitution fine pursuant to the
statutory formula in section 1202.4, subdivision (b)(2), namely the amount of $280 times
the number of felony counts times the number of years in prison.3 The report did not
recommended any particular sentence. As noted in the introduction, after imposing a
nine-year prison sentence, the court imposed a restitution fine of $2,700. As defendant
points out, a total of $2,700 would result from multiplying one felony count times nine
years times $300. At the time of defendant’s crime, May 27, 2013, the minimum
restitution fine was $280, not $300.
The minimum restitution fine had been $200 since 19924 until Assembly Bill
No. 898, enacted in 2011 (Stats. 2011, ch. 358, § 1), scheduled three prospective annual
increases. The legislation amended section 1202.4, subdivision (b)(1) to provide that the
restitution fine for a felony conviction “shall not be less than two hundred forty dollars
($240) starting on January 1, 2012, two hundred eighty dollars ($280) starting on
January 1, 2013, and three hundred dollars ($300) starting on January 1, 2014 . . . ,”
retaining the same $10,000 upper limit.
This court confronted a similar situation in People v. Martinez (2014) 226
Cal.App.4th 1169 (Martinez).5 In that case, the trial court calculated a total restitution
fine of $12,300 using the statutory formula and a $280 base fine, as recommended in the
3
“In setting a felony restitution fine, the court may determine the amount of the
fine as the product of the minimum fine pursuant to paragraph (1) multiplied by the
number of years of imprisonment the defendant is ordered to serve, multiplied by the
number of felony counts of which the defendant is convicted.” (§ 1202.4, subd. (b)(2).)
4
Former Gov. Code, § 13967, subd. (a); Stats. 1992, ch. 682, § 4, p. 2922.
5
Neither side has cited Martinez, though it was decided five weeks before the
opening brief was filed.
15
probation report, though the minimum fine at the time of the defendant’s crimes was
$200. (Id. at p. 1188.) We noted that “[t]he prohibition against ex post facto laws applies
to restitution fines.” (Id. at p. 1189.)
We reasoned: “trial counsel failed to object to the trial court’s mistaken use of the
minimum statutory fine that was in effect at sentencing to calculate appellant’s restitution
fund fine. We cannot conceive of any tactical reason for counsel’s failure to object. On
the record before us, given the court’s commitment to use the statutory formula . . . , it
appears more than likely that the court would have imposed the restitution fund fine using
the $200 minimum that was in effect when appellant committed his crimes had counsel
raised an objection at the sentencing hearing. Accordingly, we conclude that trial
counsel’s performance was deficient.” (Martinez, supra, 226 Cal.App.4th at p. 1190.)
On appeal here, defendant contends that “[t]he court apparently intended to use the
statutory minimum as the multiplier, which was $300 in 2014.” The Attorney General
responds, “The record does not support [defendant]’s claim as the court did not explain
how it arrived at the $2,700 restitution fine” and the court made no reference to the
statutory formula. The Attorney General offers no explanation for how else the court
arrived at that fine amount.
The Attorney General is asking us to conclude that it is sheer coincidence that the
$2,700 restitution total imposed by the trial court would result from applying the statutory
formula in this case to a $300 minimum fine. This reminds us of defendant’s
unsuccessful trial argument that he just happened to enter the store when the woman in
white did and she just happened to put meat he ordered in her purse. While the trial court
did not expressly state an intent to use the minimum fine or the statutory formula, that is
the most reasonable interpretation of how the court arrived at the total fine imposed. We
adhere to the reasoning in Martinez, where we recalculated the total restitution fine based
on the applicable minimum fine. (Martinez, supra, 226 Cal.App.4th at p. 1190.) $280
for each of nine years is $2,520.
16
B. AIDING AND ABETTING INSTRUCTION
The jury was instructed about liability for aiding and abetting in terms of
CALCRIM Nos. 400 and 401 as follows. “A person may be guilty of a crime in two
ways. One, he or she may have directly committed the crime. I will call that person the
perpetrator. Two, he or she may have aided and abetted a perpetrator, who directly
committed the crime. [¶] A person is guilty of a crime whether he or she committed it
personally or aided and abetted the perpetrator.” (See CALRIM No. 400.)
“To prove that the defendant is guilty of a crime based on aiding and abetting that
crime, the People must prove that: [¶] One, the perpetrator committed the crime;
[¶] Two, the defendant knew that the perpetrator intended to committed the crime;
[¶] Three, before or during the commission of the crime the defendant intended to aid
and abet the perpetrator in committing the crime; [¶] And four, the defendant’s words or
conduct did, in fact, aid and abet the perpetrator’s commission of the crime.
[¶] Someone aids and abets a crime if he or she knows of the perpetrator’s unlawful
purpose and he or she specifically intends to and does, in fact, aid, facilitate, promote,
encourage or instigate the perpetrator’s commission of that crime.
“If all of these requirements are proved, the defendant does not have to—the
defendant does not need to actually have been present when the crime was committed to
be guilty as an aider and abettor.
“If you conclude that the defendant was present at the scene of the crime or failed
to prevent the crime, you may consider that fact in determining whether the defendant
was an aider and abettor. However, the fact that a person is present at the scene of a
crime or fails to prevent the crime, does not, by itself, make him or her an aider and
abettor.” (See CALCRIM No. 401.)
Defendant did not object to these instructions in the trial court. On appeal,
however, he contends that “CALCRIM No. 401 impermissibly suggested that two factors
in combination, presence and failing to intervene, are sufficient evidence of aiding and
17
abetting.” Defendant apparently interprets CALCRIM No. 401 as effectively stating,
“While neither fact—defendant’s presence at the scene of the crime or his failure to
prevent the crime—by itself makes him an aider and abettor, both facts together are
sufficient to do so.”
The Attorney General asserts that defendant is procedurally barred from
challenging this instruction for the first time on appeal. Section 1259 states in part, “The
appellate court may also review any instruction given, refused or modified, even though
no objection was made thereto in the lower court, if the substantial rights of the defendant
were affected thereby.” Only if the given instruction did not affect defendant’s
substantial rights may we conclude that defendant’s objection was forfeited, so we reach
the merits of his argument without considering whether trial counsel was ineffective for
failing to object to this instruction. (Cf. People v. Johnson (2015) 60 Cal.4th 966, 993.)
The Attorney General contends that People v. Stallworth (2008) 164 Cal.App.4th
1079 rejected a “similar challenge.” In that case the defendant argued the CALCRIM
No. 401 was “constitutionally deficient because ‘it does not explicitly state that mere
presence or mere knowledge is insufficient to establish aiding and abetting.’ ” (Id. at
p. 1103.) The court rejected the “mere knowledge” argument because CALCRIM
No. 401 describes the specific intent required for liability as an aider and abettor. (Ibid.)
The court also rejected an argument that the instruction should have restated or
referenced the prosecution’s burden of proof, because the topic was covered by another
instruction. (Id. at p. 1104.) As defendant asserts, “Stallworth did not address whether
the instruction could be interpreted to allow the improper aggregation of factors.”
Nevertheless, we reject defendant’s strained construction of CALCRIM No. 401.
In logical form, the current instruction states that neither X nor Y equals Z. That
statement is not the logical equivalent of X plus Y equals Z.
CALCRIM No. 401 identifies four abstract elements of establishing liability as an
aider and abettor and then cautions a jury not to rely exclusively on two facts commonly
18
involved in an aiding and abetting situation. Contrary to defendant’s characterization,
this cautionary statement does not purport to be a definition of the fourth element, which
is, “the defendant’s words or conduct did, in fact, aid and abet the perpetrator’s
commission of the crime.” This part of the instruction was instead intended to restate the
law. “[W]hile mere presence alone at the scene of the crime is not sufficient to make the
accused a participant, and while he is not necessarily guilty if he does not attempt to
prevent the crime through fear, such factors may be circumstances that can be considered
by the jury with the other evidence in passing on his guilt or innocence.” (People v. Villa
(1957) 156 Cal.App.2d 128, 134; People v. Durham (1969) 70 Cal.2d 171, 181; cf.
People v. Nguyen (2015) 61 Cal.4th 1015, 1093.)
Defendant contends “[t]he instruction failed to properly communicate to the jury
that it needed more evidence than these two combined factors to find that [defendant]
aided and abetted the woman in white.” “By focusing the jury on these factors, the
instruction improperly suggests to a jury it can substitute those factors for the elements of
the offense.” Contrary to defendant’s claim, the Attorney General does not acknowledge
this is a correct interpretation of the instruction’s final sentence.
We reject defendant’s interpretation, while acknowledging the instruction could be
improved.6 The instruction in its entirety adequately informed the jury that they could
not convict defendant basely solely on his passivity in the presence of a crime, that aiding
and abetting requires more active involvement, including advance knowledge of the
6
The last paragraph of CALCRIM No. 401 could be clarified as follows. “If you
conclude either that the defendant was present at the scene of the crime or failed to
prevent the crime, you may consider either that fact in determining whether the defendant
was an aider and abettor. However, neither fact individually nor both collectively are
enough without more to make the defendant the fact that a person is present at the scene
of a crime or fails to prevent the crime, does not, by itself, make him or her an aider and
abettor.” The slight lack of clarity does not rise to the level of a constitutional defect.
19
crime and words or conduct that instigates, encourages, promotes, or facilitates the
perpetrator’s commission of the crime accompanied by the specific intent to do so. We
do not believe that CALCRIM No. 401 is reasonably subject to the misinterpretation
proposed by defendant.7
IV. DISPOSITION
The restitution fine imposed pursuant to section 1202.4 must be reduced to $2,520,
as must the suspended parole revocation fine imposed pursuant to section 1202.45. The
trial court must prepare an amended abstract of judgment and forward it to the
Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. As so modified, the judgment is affirmed.
7
Because we find no error in the instruction, we need not consider whether
defendant was prejudiced by the prosecutor exploiting the error. Nevertheless, we note
that defendant emphasizes that the prosecutor asserted in opening argument, “He did
nothing to stop this woman.” Defendant overlooks that this assertion was in response to
defendant’s statement to the police “that he attempted to tell the woman to leave his stuff
alone.”
20
______________________________________
RUSHING, P.J.
WE CONCUR:
____________________________________
PREMO, J.
____________________________________
MÁRQUEZ, J.
21
| {
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
} |
Q:
EDIT: Can Ghostscript give me the binary data rather than output to a directory?
I currently have a Python script that runs a Ghostscript command to convert a PDF's first page to a PNG. However, right now the image just goes into one of my directories. Is it possible to have the Ghostscript output binary data so I can save that save to a database?
args = [
"pdf2img", # actual value doesn't matter
"-sOutputFile=testing.png",
"-dNOPAUSE",
"-dBATCH",
"-sDEVICE=png256",
"-sPAPERSIZE=a1",
"-dPDFFitPage=true",
"-dFirstPage=1",
"-dLastPage=1",
"testPDF.pdf"
]
ghostscript.Ghostscript(*args)
A:
You can have Ghostscript pipe the output to stdout by saying -sOutputFile=%stdout. Other than that I can't think what you mean by 'give you the binary data'.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Klamath River (Hydroelectric Project)
The Klamath river begins below Upper Klamath Lake in Southern Oregon and flows about 300 miles through Northern California until draining into the Pacific ocean. Upper Klamath Lake is the largest freshwater lake in Oregon and was established by the late Pliocene period. The lake fills a graben that is thousands of meters deep. The Klamath Basin lies on the edge of the Basin and Range province and is adjacent to the High Cascades of Southern Oregon.
Human Settlement
The Klamath River is the home of the Klamath Tribes, the Karuk Tribe, the Yurok Tribe, and Hoopa Tribe. The tribes use the Klamath river for fishing, basket weaving materials, and cultural purposes. Native Americans have lived along the Klamath river for over 10,000 years. The first Europeans arrived in the area in 1826. The first settlers arrived in 1859 and Fort Klamath was built in 1863. The railroad arrived in 1909 causing an economic boom. In 1850-1851 miners arrived during the gold rush and would dam and divert the Klamath river causing major distribution to the Native American tribes. Damming and diverting the water caused difficulty in salmon moving up the Klamath river to spawn, thus affecting the fish populations. Then in 1864 a treaty was signed for the Klamath Indian Reservation.
Fisheries
The Klamath River is the third largest salmon and steelhead producing river on the West Coast. The river once produced about one million salmon. Populations have declined and are at levels that in some years do not support commercial harvest. The salmon in the Klamath river are used to regulate commercial salmon fishing in the Pacific ocean. If numbers are too low, commercial salmon fishing season is either delayed or closed. Salmon are a critical food source for the tribes along the river. The reasoning for these anadromous species suffering is due to dams blocking access to historic spawning areas and natural river flows being changed. Fish can access about 300–700 miles of spawning habitat upstream of Iron Gate Dam. Low flows released from the Bureau of Reclamation from Upper Klamath Lake impact water quality and result in high water temperature. Operation of the Klamath Hydroelectric Project also alters water quality in the lower Klamath river. In 2002 low flows in the lower Klamath river resulted in the death of an estimated 30,000- 60,000 adult salmon, making it the largest salmon kill in the history of the Western United States. Fall and spring Chinook salmon populations have decreased dramatically since the early 1900’s. The Coho salmon were also important to the Klamath river, especially for the tribes, and have since experience a 96% decline in population. Steelhead population have also decreased dramatically.
Both the Lost River and shortnose suckers live in Upper Klamath Lake, Lower Klamath Lake, and the Lost River. Both the Lost River suckers and the shortnose suckers were listed as endangered on the Federal Endangered Species Act.
Water Quality
Water quality in the Klamath River is considered to be impaired. The Klamath River is on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Clean Water Act 303(d) list of impaired water bodies, as are Upper Klamath Lake, the Lost River, and Iron Gate and Copco Reservoirs. Bodies of water that do not meet the water quality standards are put onto the 303(d) list and are declared water quality impaired. When water is released from the dams on the Klamath during the fall the water is typically warmer that it was before the dams were built. This causes problems downstream for anadromous fish, especially salmon. The reservoirs also release water low in dissolved oxygen which harms the fish downstream. Dams release water from the low level outlet at the bottom of the reservoir which is low in oxygen. Releasing this deoxygenated water causes environmental issues downstream. Extremely high levels of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) have been found in Iron Gate and Copco Reservoirs. This algae produces toxins harmful to fish, livestock, and humans. Large algae growth in Keno Reservoir during summer can cause the dissolved oxygen levels to from to very low levels causing large fish kills.
Water Supply
The Klamath Project provides water to irrigate 200,000 acres in southern Oregon and northern California. The Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) began building the irrigation project in 1905. Water rights have been fought over in the basin for over the last 100 years. The BOR controls the operations of Link River Dam as well as Upper Klamath Lake. BOR balances water for species in the reservoirs, downstream of the reservoirs, wildlife refuges, and irrigation. In 2001 the BOR announces that there was not enough water for the Klamath Project due to the severity of the drought. Water was needed to protect these species along the Klamath Project. This causes the water to be shut off during the irrigation season causing hundreds of farmers to be out of water during the peak of irrigation.
Klamath Hydroelectric Project Relicensing
In 2002, Pacificorp, filed a Notice of Intent (NOI) with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to relicense the Klamath Hydroelectric Project (Project). Hydroelectric Projects are required to be relicensed every 30–50 years through the Federal Power Act. FERC has the authority over all non-federal hydroelectric dams. The Klamath Hydroelectric project being one of them. When a dam is up for relicensing it gives an opportunity to evaluate both environmental and public benefits of the hydroelectric project. Between 1903 and 1962, PacifiCorp built seven hydroelectric dams and one non-generating dam.
The hydroelectric releasing process requires an environmental review of the Project with input from state and federal agencies, tribes, non-governmental organizations and the local community interests. When relicensing a hydroelectric process one must determine how to balance the generation of an electric project while still being environmentally friendly.
When PacifiCorp began the relicensing process it was known that the Project had impacts on fisheries and water quality. State and Federal agencies, tribes, and non-governmental organizations requested multiple studies to evaluate the impact of the Project on fish, water quality, and other environmental and cultural issues. Section 18 of the Federal Power Act says that FERC may require construction, maintenance, and operation by a licensee of fishways required by the National Marine Fisheries Service, which oversees the health of migrating fish such as salmon. The National Marine Fisheries Service requested the dams needed fish ladders. The California State Water Resources Control Board had authority under Section 401 of the Clean Water Act to issue conditions needed for the Project to meet water quality standards. As multiple agencies were requiring more work to be done to have the Project “environmentally friendly” PacifiCorp learned the cost would be $400 million. PacifiCorp did not believe meeting the Clean Water Act and Endangered Species Act at such price was cost effective. At this time the Klamath Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement (KHSA) was negotiated between 23 different parties to remove four dams on the Klamath River. These four dams include JC Boyle, Copco 1, Copco 2, and Iron Gate. As agreed to in the KHSA the non-profit Klamath River Renewal Corporation with representatives from California, Oregon, Tribes, and NGO’s is removing the dams. It is expected that the dams begin to be removed in 2020. Funding for dam removal will come from California Bonds and money collected from ratepayers in Oregon. This will result in the largest dam removal ever attempted in the United States!
References
Pacificorp.com. (2017). Klamath River. [online] Available at: https://www.pacificorp.com/es/ hydro/hl/kr.html [Accessed 23 Mar. 2019].
Ferc.gov. (2017). FERC: Hydropower - Relicensing of the Klamath Hydroelectric Project FEIS. [online] Available at: https://www.ferc.gov/industries/hydropower/enviro/eis/ 2007/11-16-07.asp [Accessed 17 Mar. 2019].
Waterboards.ca.gov. (2017). State Water Resources Control Board. [online] Available at: https:// www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/water_quality_cert/ klamath_ferc2082.shtml [Accessed 19 Mar. 2019].
Removal, A. and Agreement, K. (2017). Klamath Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement. [online] Klamathrestoration.org. Available at: http://www.klamathrestoration.org/index.php/ klamath-hydroelectric-settlement-agreement [Accessed 21 Mar. 2019].
Www3.epa.gov. (2017). Watershed Priorities: Klamath | Region 9: Water | US EPA. [online] Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20171208005252/https://www3.epa.gov/region9/water/watershed/klamath.html [Accessed 20 Mar. 2019]
A River Never the Same A History of Water in the Klamath Basin. (1999). Klamath Falls, OR: Shaw Historical Library.
Category:Klamath River | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Q:
Using Date as Constant in expressions
I'm having trouble calling a date within an if statement. My date is, for example, "2001-08-05". I am trying to subset my data based on the date. So this is my code:
If ID = "Yes" and Date > 2001-08-05 then delete;
But this just doesn't do what I'm asking. I don't get an error, but it doesn't perform what I ask. I tried "2001-08-05"d. as well but this produced an error. Is there a certain way to read this format?
A:
The proper format for a date constant in SAS is 'ddmmmyyyy'd, so:
if ID = 'Yes' and Date > '05Aug2001'd
You can use either single or double quotes to delimit the constant. The month name in the constant is case insensitive.
On a side-note, if you need to do a date-time constant in SAS, the format is 'ddmmmyyyy:hh:mm:ss'dt. Notice the suffix becomes dt rather than just d and there is a semi-colon between the date and time.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Dysplasia of oral mucosa: a unified approach to proper evaluation.
The histologic features of fully developed epithelial dysplasia of oral mucosa are readily recognized. Early dysplastic change, however, may present a diagnostic challenge since its frequently subtle features may, on occasion, cause it to be overlooked and thus undercalled. The problem of underdiagnosis is further compounded in many instances by the markedly diverse manner in which altered surface epithelium is described, interpreted, and reported. In an effort to establish a more unified manner of histopathologic interpretation of oral epithelial tissue, we propose clear definitions for the terms atypia, dyskeratosis, dysplasia, and lichenoid, underscoring topographic as well as morphological criteria for each. Significant alterations in rete ridge architecture and maturation disturbance are identified as subtle yet important markers of dysplastic potential, even in the absence of atypical cytomorphology. Correlation of clinical and historical data with microscopic findings is also stressed as an important adjunct to the arousal of diagnostic suspicion. Interpretative rationale and an illustrative case are offered in support of points raised. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
const apply = require('../call')
describe('function/call', () => {
const increase = num => num + 1
test('sync', () => {
const expected = 888
const actual = apply(increase)(887)
expect(actual).toBe(expected)
})
test('async', () => {
const expected = 888
const actual = apply(increase)(Promise.resolve(887))
expect(actual).resolves.toBe(expected)
})
})
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
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We apologize for any inconvenience. The Santa Fe Reporter has recently redone its website to be more powerful, more user-friendly and more interactive. Occasionally, however, there's a ghost in the machine. Please use the search function to find the content you're looking for. If you have any questions or concerns, please don't hesitate to contact our web editor. | {
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Chromatography in analytical toxicology--state of the art and future perspectives.
The aims of systematic toxicological analysis are considered with respect to the principal techniques available for quantitative and qualitative purposes. The use of thin-layer (TLC), gas-liquid (GLC), capillary GLC and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is discussed, with special reference to the need for standardized systems for toxicological analysis. The selectivity of correlations presented as mean list length values, derived from archives of Kováts retention indices in GLC and of Rf-values in up to eight TLC systems, is illustrated by some typical examples. The dependence of Kováts retention indices on column packing materials and on load capacity in CGLC is discussed and the particular difficulties of comparable standard systems in HPLC are considered. Conclusions are drawn concerning the established 'workhorse' techniques, such as TLC and GLC. The need to adapt and standardize other powerful analytical methods, such as HPLC, MS and GLC-MS, is examined with regard to the requirements of toxicological analysis. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Q:
Codeigniter Multi-level Inheritance
I am having problem in using multilevel inheritance as follows.
I have a top level controller that extends CI_Controller class
class Application extends CI_Controller
{
}
A controller named 'Site' and 'Admin' extends the Application controller as
class Site extends Application
{
}
class Admin extends Application
{
}
And finally class 'User' and 'Guest' extends 'Site' controller
class User extends Site
{
}
Class Guest extends Site
{
}
The problem is, in User and Guest controller I am not able to load core libraries such as pagination, form_validation etc. using
$this->load->library('pagination);
But it works when I load the library in Site controller or Application contoller ie. controller that extends the core CI_Controller and it's child controller. When I try to load in grand child it doesn't work.
Can somebody clarify why this is happening? Thanks...
A:
Checkout CodeIgniter Base Controllers, explanation included.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Dithiaporphyrin derivatives as photosensitizers in membranes and cells.
We synthesized a series of analogues of 5,20-diphenyl-10,15-bis(4-carboxylatomethoxy)phenyl-21,23-dithiaporphyrin (I) as potential photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The photosensitizers differ in the length of the side chains that bind the carboxyl to the phenol at positions 10 and 15 of the thiaporphyrin. The spectroscopic, photophysical, and biophysical properties of these photosensitizers are reported. The structural changes have almost no effect on the excitation/emission spectra with respect to I's spectra or on singlet oxygen generation in MeOH. All of the photosensitizers have a very high, close to 1.00, singlet oxygen quantum yield in MeOH. On the contrary, singlet oxygen generation in liposomes was considerably affected by the structural change in the photosensitizers. The photosensitizers possessing short side chains (one and three carbons) showed high quantum yields of around 0.7, whereas the photosensitizers possessing longer side chains showed smaller quantum yield, down to 0.14 for compound X (possessing side-chain length of 10 carbons), all at 1 microM. Moreover a self-quenching process of singlet oxygen was observed, and the quantum yield decreased as the photosensitizer's concentration increased. We measured the binding constant of I to liposomes and found Kb = 23.3 +/- 1.6 (mg/mL)-1. All the other photosensitizers with longer side chains exhibited very slow binding to liposomes, which prevented us from assessing their Kb's. We carried out fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements to determine the relative depth in which each photosensitizer is intercalated in the liposome bilayer. We found that the longer the side chain the deeper the photosensitizer core is embedded in the bilayer. This finding suggests that the photosensitizers are bound to the bilayer with their acid ends close to the aqueous medium interface and their core inside the bilayer. We performed PDT with the dithiaporphyrins on U937 cells and R3230AC cells. We found that the dark toxicity of the photosensitizers with the longer side chain (X, VI, V) is significantly higher than the dark toxicity of sensitizers with shorter side chains (I, III, IV). Phototoxicity measurements showed the opposite direction; the photosensitizers with shorter side chains were found to be more phototoxic than those with longer side chains. These differences are attributed to the relationship between diffusion and endocytosis in each photosensitizer, which determines the location of the photosensitizer in the cell and hence its phototoxicity. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Q:
Add to List value on HashMap
I'm populating a hashmap to have my objects grouped by one of their attributes.
I find it “ugly” to check whether the list (the value) exists before adding my object to it.
An example will be more explicit:
// Need a map to group Person by age.
// Person = {age: int}
Map<Integer, List<Person>> myHashMap = new HashMap();
for (Person person : persons) {
int age = person.getAge();
List<Person> personsOfSameAge = myHashMap.get(age);
if (personsOfSameAge != null) {
personsOfSameAge.add(person);
} else {
personsOfSameAge = new ArrayList();
personsOfSameAge.add(person);
myHashMap.put(age, personsOfSameAge);
}
}
Is there a better way to code this?
myHashMap.addToValueListOrCreateValueList(myObject);
A:
In Java 8, your whole code could be written like that (as other fine answers proposed):
Map<Integer, List<Person>> myHashMap = new HashMap();
for (Person person : persons) {
myHashMap.computeIfAbsent(age,age->new ArrayList<Person>()).add(person);
}
But you could be even shorter by using a stream that collects into a Map with Collectors.groupingBy() :
Map<Integer, List<Person>> myMap = persons.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Person:getAge));
As a side note, your actual Java 7 code could also be improved.
Of course, not as much as with Java 8 but if you cannot use Java 8, this may be interesting.
In your actual code, this is duplicated :
personsOfSameAge.add(person);
And you use two conditional statements (if and else) while only if would be enough if you handle first the special case : no value in the Map .
Here is a modified version :
Map<Integer, List<Person>> myHashMap = new HashMap<>();
for (Person person : persons) {
int age = person.getAge();
List<Person> personsOfSameAge = myHashMap.get(age);
if (personsOfSameAge == null) {
personsOfSameAge = new ArrayList();
myHashMap.put(age, personsOfSameAge);
}
personsOfSameAge.add(person);
}
A:
Yes, there is in Java 8:
List<Person> personsOfSameAge = myHashMap.computeIfAbsent(age,age->new ArrayList<Person>());
personsOfSameAge.add(person);
Or just
myHashMap.computeIfAbsent(age,age->new ArrayList<Person>()).add(person);
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Green Luminous Tour
A great combination tour will lead you into Balinese Temple, the Green Beautiful Rice field in Bali, jump into the Waterfall and enjoy the taste of Coffee Luwak. Bound to Ubud to get a good understanding of the local arts and crafts, which is blended with the culture of Bali. The highlight of this tour:
BATUAN TEMPLE
This temple is a local Balinese Hindu temple looked after by the local resident of Batuan countryside. The temple is designed very beautiful with full of Balinese ornaments and the roof temple building is made from the fiber of chromatic black palm tree.
TEGENUNGAN WATERFALL
Tegenungan is one of the few waterfalls in Bali that isn’t situated in the highlands or mountains. It is not really that tall, only approximately 15 meters high, so you can actually jump right into the waterfall (only after you pay your insurance). Tegenungan waterfall is unique for its lush green surroundings and heavy water flow, perfect for swimming and enjoying the fresh water.
BEAUTIFUL RICE FIELDS
Rice Field in Ubud at Tegalalang is famous for its beautiful scenes of rice paddies involving the subak (traditional Balinese cooperative irrigation system), which according to history, was passed down by a revered holy man named Rsi Markandeya in the eighth century. This view alone has an outlook that spreads down before you and away to the rice terraces on the slopes across the valley. The high roadside location is cool and breezy and it is a well-known spot for tourists to stop and take photos.
COFFEE LUWAK MAKING PROCESSIt is a coffee, cocoa and tea plantation in Ubud – Bali. The island is apparently famous for its excellent coffee especially Coffee Luwak which is mainly produced in the Indonesian Archipelago.This coffee is made from the beans of coffee berries which have been eaten by Luwak the Asian Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) and other related civets, then passed through its digestive tract. Then in their digestive tracts, fermentation occurs. The coffee beans finish the journey by passing through civets’ intestines and defecate. After that, farmers will collect the still-intact beans from the forest floor followed by cleaning, roasting and grounding process just like any other coffee. You will be showed the process of making of at there.Tasting for all coffee, tea and cocoa drinks are including, except for Coffee Luwak which costs Rp.50,000, equivalent to USD 3.75 for a small little cup.
ART VILLAGES
You will get a chance to learn about the fine arts and painting. Balinese art and paintings have been classified into several groups and styles in Ubud village. Mas Village is located in Ubud sub district and Gianyar Regency, east part of Bali. Mas Village is one of villages in Bali fundamentally identified as an artistic countryside by focusing in artistic of wood carving, here you will see how creative people making wood carving. Celuk village, the place to see patient Balinese artists make silver jewellery. This village is also renowned for its Silver Filigree and gold jewellery with special design and great quality. Tohpati village is known as the center of Batik weaving, here you will observe people make Batik painting. | {
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Glycosaminoglycans alter the conformation of interferon-gamma.
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a potent immunomodulatory cytokine whose physiological roles are modulated by the extracellular matrix. Here, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques are used to demonstrate that low molecular weight heparin and chondroitin sulfate cause significant changes in secondary and tertiary structure of IFN-gamma. The results suggest that heparin and chondroitin sulfate modulate IFN-gamma activity by causing structural changes in the IFN-gamma dimer. | {
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EU privacy rules no obstacle to coronavirus fight; smartphone tracking a no-no - thg
https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-privacy-explainer/eu-privacy-rules-no-obstacle-to-coronavirus-fight-smartphone-tracking-a-no-no-idUKKBN20X1LA
======
savolai
Fun dark pattern on site : declining consent for tracking causes consent
dialog to reappear infinitely on scroll. On top of a gdpr article. Oh the
irony.
[https://twitter.com/jpegautorotate/status/123776747110658048...](https://twitter.com/jpegautorotate/status/1237767471106580485?s=21)
------
jpxw
International law etc goes totally out of the window in a crisis like this.
Look at Austria shutting the border to Italy, technically contravening the
Schengen Agreement.
~~~
cyphar
The Schengen Agreement allows for temporary border controls in certain
circumstances. That's why (for better or worse) several EU states were
permitted to set up temporary border controls in response to the migrant
crisis a few years ago.
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---
author:
- 'H. Jönsson'
- 'N. Ryde'
- 'M. Schultheis'
- 'M. Zoccali'
bibliography:
- '/Users/henrik/Documents/Bibliografi/papers.bib'
- '/Users/henrik/Documents/Bibliografi/kurucz.bib'
- '/Users/henrik/Documents/Bibliografi/sulphur.bib'
- '/Users/henrik/Documents/Bibliografi/GESreferencesv5all.bib'
date: 'Submitted 2016; accepted 2016'
subtitle: 'II. O, Mg, Ca, and Ti in the bulge sample'
title: 'Abundances of disk and bulge giants from hi-res optical spectra[^1]'
---
Introduction {#sec:introduction}
============
The Galactic bulge holds a significant part of the stars of our Galaxy, but its history and evolution is still unknown. From cosmological $\Lambda$CDM-models it is expected that the bulge was formed via mergers of smaller dwarf galaxies, but recently it has been repeatedly shown that a major part of the bulge is dynamically formed from the inner disk, for example the fact that it shows cylindrical rotation [@2007ApJ...658L..29R; @2012AJ....143...57K], and that it has two red clumps [@2010ApJ...724.1491M]. On the other hand, the two red clumps might not be visible for lower-metallicity stars [@2012ApJ...756...22N; @2013MNRAS.432.2092N], and old RR Lyrae stars trace a component that is less elongated and is rotating slower [@2013ApJ...776L..19D; @2016ApJ...821L..25K], suggesting that there possibly is an old spheroid-bulge co-existing with the dynamically formed bar.
@2012MNRAS.421..333S predict that a classical merger-formed spheroidal bulge, if present, would have been spun up to bar-kinematics and therefore impossible/hard to find using kinematics alone, but the possible two stellar populations need to be distinguished by chemical differences. This is something that has been attempted several times during recent years: for example measured O, Na, Mg, and Al in 53 bulge giants, 35 of which overlap with our sample. determined O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, and Ti in 25 bulge giants and when comparing to 55 similarly analyzed local giants (thin disk, thick disk, and halo), they find that the bulge has had a chemical evolution similar to the local thick disk. More recently used micro-lensing to observe 58 bulge dwarf and sub-giant stars, finding a wide age distribution with several young stars, a broad MDF, possibly including several components, and, when comparing to a similar sample of Solar neighborhood stars, they conclude that the ‘knee’ in the \[alpha/Fe\] vs. \[Fe/H\] plots is shifted to $\sim0.1$ dex higher metallicities in the bulge, suggesting a faster chemical enrichment. Even more recently, analyzed slightly lower resolution spectra (the high-resolution GIBS-sample using FLAMES GIRAFFE with $R\sim 22500$) of 400 bulge giants in four bulge fields, finding a knee in their \[Mg/Fe\] vs \[Fe/H\] plot around \[Fe/H\]$\simeq-0.44$ dex, approximately 0.1 dex lower than . However, they lack a large enough, similarly observed and analyzed, solar neighborhood sample of giants to compare their bulge results to. They are therefore not able to conclude whether the difference in their sample compared to that of the microlensed dwarfs is due to systematic differences between the studies, or due to the very differently sized samples. @2014AJ....148...67J determine O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu in 156 giants, using FLAMES GIRAFFE $R\sim22500$ spectra, in two bulge fields in common with ours (B3 and BL), finding a higher knee for the bulge giants as compared to literature samples of local dwarf stars . The fact that they are using two different types of stars, giants in the bulge and dwarfs in the local disk, analyzed differently, might introduce systematic differences that could account for the different position of the knee. In spite of the efforts put into these and many more works, still no consensus on the absolute abundance trends of the bulge and its evolution is reached. This is mainly because observing stars in the bulge is hard: it is situated relatively far away and covered behind dust in the disk. To handle these problems, one could do one or more of the following: go down in spectral resolution, thereby sacrificing abundance precision, possibly only enabling determination of the general metallicity (for example the low-resolution GIBS-sample, ), observe in the infrared, where determining the stellar parameters still is a problem (for example @2012ApJ...746...59R), use microlensing events, thereby not being able to select your targets and their positions , and/or use long integration times (as is done in for example and this work).
This paper (hereafter, Paper II) is the second in a series determining abundances of bulge giants from optical high-resolution spectra ($R\sim47000$). Because of the long integration times needed for observing stars in the bulge at this high resolution not many such observations have been attempted. The spectra that were first used in are therefore an unique dataset that has been analyzed in several subsequent articles: , , , and . re-determine the stellar parameters as derived in the original article of , for a small subset of the stars, and show that their all-spectroscopic approach in some cases is giving significantly different results, possibly influencing some of the abundance determinations and conclusions in , , and . In order to eliminate systematic differences and ensure a homogeneous, differential comparison, we attempt to re-determine these stellar parameters, add eleven similarly observed spectra in a new field even closer to the Galactic center, and determine the alpha abundances oxygen, magnesium, calcium, and titanium. Thereby we will re-determine the oxygen abundances of 35 stars from and magnesium abundances the same 35 stars from , opening up for an interesting comparison between the results. In @2016arXiv161105462J (Paper I) we presented a similarly analyzed local disk sample of 291 similar giants, their stellar parameters and the abundances of oxygen, magnesium, calcium, and titanium. There we found that our stellar parameters were accurate and precise with a low dispersion compared to benchmark values based on fundamentally determined stellar parameters, such as effective temperatures from angular diameter measurements [@2003AJ....126.2502M], and surface gravities from asteroseismic measurements . Furthermore, we found that the derived abundance trends show similar scatter as the trends of other Solar neighborhood works using dwarfs . In this paper we will determine the same abundances for a bulge sample of 46 giants of similar type as the previously published Solar neighborhood sample, enabling a differential comparison of abundances in the bulge and in the local disk.
Observations {#sec:observations}
============
We have observed 46 K-giants in the Galactic bulge using the spectrometer FLAMES/UVES mounted on VLT. The basic data of our stars are listed in Table \[tab:basicdata\] and the Figure \[fig:bulge\_fields\] shows the location of our five fields (SW, B3, BW, B6, and BL) in comparison to the COBE/DIRBE outline of the Galactic bulge [@1994ApJ...425L..81W], the locations of the microlensed bulge dwarfs of , and the high-resolution sample of the GIBS survey . As can be seen in Figure \[fig:bulge\_fields\], the new field in the Sagittarius Window (SW, $(l,b)=(1.25,-2.65)$) is closer to the Galactic centre than the other previously analyzed fields. Furthermore, it can be seen that it is situated in a region where the optical extinction is lower than the surroundings. To go even closer to the Galactic centre, infrared observations are needed due to the optical extinction being to high ; the corresponding infrared extinction in the bulge is is essentially zero outside of the plane (for $b<-1.5$ or $b>1.5$).
---------- -------------- -------------- --------
Star$^a$ RA (J2000) Dec (J2000) $V$
(h:m:s) (d:am:as)
SW-09 17:59:04.533 -29:10:36.53 16.153
SW-15 17:59:04.753 -29:12:14.77 16.326
SW-17 17:59:08.138 -29:11:20.10 16.388
SW-18 17:59:06.455 -29:10:30.53 16.410
SW-27 17:59:04.457 -29:10:20.67 16.484
SW-28 17:59:07.005 -29:13:11.35 16.485
SW-33 17:59:03.331 -29:10:25.60 16.549
SW-34 17:58:54.418 -29:11:19.82 16.559
SW-43 17:59:04.059 -29:13:30.26 16.606
SW-71 17:58:58.257 -29:12:56.97 16.892
SW-76 17:58:54.192 -29:12:09.31 16.943
B3-b1 18:08:15.840 -25:42:09.83 18.653
B3-b5 18:09:00.527 -25:48:06.78 18.345
B3-b7 18:09:16.540 -25:49:26.08 18.659
B3-b8 18:08:24.602 -25:48:44.39 18.915
B3-f1 18:08:16.176 -25:43:19.18 18.514
B3-f2 18:09:15.609 -25:57:32.75 18.924
B3-f3 18:08:49.628 -25:40:36.93 18.575
B3-f4 18:08:44.293 -26:00:25.05 18.650
B3-f7 18:09:23.694 -25:50:38.19 18.304
B3-f8 18:08:12.632 -25:50:04.45 18.490
BW-b1 18:03:34.710 -29:54:33.80 19.222
BW-b2 18:04:23.950 -30:05:57.80 18.484
BW-b5 18:04:13.270 -29:58:17.80 18.832
BW-b6 18:03:51.840 -30:06:27.90 18.410
BW-b8 18:04:02.870 -30:01:29.20 18.146
BW-f1 18:03:37.140 -29:54:22.30 17.994
BW-f5 18:04:39.620 -29:55:19.80 17.481
BW-f6 18:03:36.890 -30:07:04.30 18.387
BW-f7 18:04:43.920 -30:03:15.20 18.106
B6-b1 18:09:50.480 -31:40:51.61 17.995
B6-b3 18:10:19.060 -31:40:28.19 17.705
B6-b4 18:10:07.770 -31:52:41.36 17.842
B6-b5 18:10:37.380 -31:40:29.14 17.711
B6-b6 18:09:49.100 -31:50:07.66 17.793
B6-b8 18:09:55.950 -31:45:46.33 18.397
B6-f1 18:10:04.460 -31:41:45.31 17.901
B6-f3 18:10:17.720 -31:41:55.20 17.255
B6-f5 18:10:41.510 -31:40:11.88 17.632
B6-f7 18:10:52.300 -31:46:42.18 17.841
B6-f8 18:09:56.840 -31:43:22.56 17.263
BL-1 18:34:58.510 -34:33:15.24 16.905
BL-3 18:35:27.510 -34:31:59.36 16.884
BL-4 18:35:21.110 -34:44:48.22 16.451
BL-5 18:36:01.010 -34:31:47.91 16.911
BL-7 18:35:57.260 -34:38:04.61 16.579
---------- -------------- -------------- --------
: Basic data for the observed bulge giants.
\[tab:basicdata\]
{width="170mm"}
The spectra of the 35 stars in the B3, BW, B6, and BL fields analyzed here, are the same that have been analyzed for O in , Na, Mg, Al in , Mn , and Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Eu in . These observations were carried out May-Aug 2003-2004. Since the fiber-array FLAMES was used in combination with UVES, seven stars could be observed in each pointing. Four spectra have been excluded from the analysis because the determined stellar parameters are outside of the parameter space tested in Paper I: for one star, B3-b3, we derive a large $\log g$ of 3.23, making it possible to be a foreground disk star, for two stars, B3-b4 and B6-f2, we need to use atmospheric turbulence parameters outside of the ranges $1.0<v_{\mathrm{mic}}<2.0$ and $1.0<v_{\mathrm{mac}}<8.0$ that is making the determination of the surface gravity uncertain, and for one star, BW-f4, we derive a \[Fe/H\]$=-1.55$, that is lower than any of the stars analyzed in Paper I, and we are not certain how well our stellar parameter determination works in this regime.
The 11 new stars in Sagittarius Window were observed in the same way using the same telescope, instrument, and setting in service mode during Aug 2011 (ESO program 085.B-0552(A)).
The total integration time in each setting was 5-12 hours depending on extinction. The achieved S/N is listed in Table \[tab:stellarparams\]. The resolving power of the spectra is 47000 and the spectra cover the region 5800 Å to 6800 Å.
Analysis and results {#sec:analysis}
====================
The spectra were analyzed using the exact same techniques and spectral lines used to analyze the Solar neighborhood stars in Paper I. In short, the software `Spectroscopy Made Easy`, SME was used to, via $\chi^2$-minimization of a synthetic spectrum and the observed spectrum, determine the stellar parameters as well as the abundances. In the analysis we used spherical symmetric, \[$\alpha$/Fe\]-enhanced, LTE MARCS-models. Furthermore, NLTE-corrections were used for the iron-lines [@2012MNRAS.427...50L].
Reference sample
----------------
The main point of Paper I was to analyze a Solar neighborhood reference sample of giant stars similar to the bulge stars analyzed here. The HR-diagram of this Solar neighborhood reference sample and the Solar neighborhood dwarf stars of are shown in the leftmost panel of Figure \[fig:hr-dia\].
{width="180mm"}
The bulge sample
----------------
In order to enable a strictly differential comparison to the reference sample, we have re-determined the stellar parameters as well as the abundances also for the previously published B3-BW-B6-BL-stars using the exact same purely spectroscopic analysis as is used for the Solar neighborhood reference sample of Paper I. The resulting stellar parameters are plotted as a HR-diagram in the middle panel of Figure \[fig:hr-dia\]. As a comparison, the parameters for the same stars as determined in are shown in the rightmost panel. As can be seen, the largest differences between the two sets of stellar parameters are seen in the surface gravities, where our results are spread out along the red giant branch, while this is not shown in the previous stellar parameters of . Furthermore, our results, in contrast to the older parameters, are sorted in \[Fe/H\] as expected in Figure \[fig:hr-dia\]. This, together with the careful evaluation of the method used (in Paper I), gives us confidence in our determined stellar parameters.
The determined parameters and abundances are listed in Table \[tab:stellarparams\]. Furthermore, the determined abundances are shown in Figure \[fig:all\_abundances\] together with the microlensed bulge dwarfs of , the abundances of @2014AJ....148...67J, and the GIBS survey .
------- ------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------------------- ----- ----------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
Star $T_\textrm{eff}$ $\log g$ \[Fe/H\] $\xi_\textrm{micro}$ S/N $\log \epsilon(\mathrm{O})$ $\log \epsilon(\mathrm{Mg})$ $\log \epsilon(\mathrm{Ca})$ $\log \epsilon(\mathrm{Ti})$
\[K\] (cgs) \[kms$^{-1}$\]
SW-09 4095 1.79 -0.18 1.32 16 8.47 7.59 6.16 5.06
SW-15 4741 1.96 -1.01 1.62 15 ... 7.13 5.65 ...
SW-17 4245 2.09 0.21 1.44 11 8.93 7.84 6.61 5.21
SW-18 4212 1.67 -0.16 1.49 14 ... 7.71 6.25 4.86
SW-27 4423 2.34 0.08 1.60 13 8.76 7.93 6.43 5.12
SW-28 4254 2.36 -0.17 1.44 16 8.78 7.84 6.07 4.94
SW-33 4580 2.72 0.13 1.39 14 8.97 7.80 6.36 5.01
SW-34 4468 1.75 -0.48 1.63 12 ... 7.75 6.06 4.68
SW-43 4892 2.34 -0.80 1.84 16 8.41 7.34 5.76 ...
SW-71 4344 2.66 0.36 1.31 14 9.11 ... 6.64 5.32
SW-76 4427 2.45 0.10 2.00 12 9.02 7.76 6.63 5.22
B3-b1 4414 1.35 -0.92 1.41 21 8.22 7.38 5.92 4.28
B3-b5 4425 2.70 0.22 1.43 43 8.87 7.99 6.50 5.17
B3-b7 4303 2.36 0.05 1.58 38 8.80 7.77 6.42 5.07
B3-b8 4287 1.79 -0.70 1.46 65 8.47 7.27 5.88 4.43
B3-f1 4485 2.25 -0.18 1.88 31 8.74 7.81 6.31 5.02
B3-f2 4207 1.64 -0.69 1.74 22 ... 7.55 5.96 4.74
B3-f3 4637 2.96 0.21 1.89 31 8.98 8.00 6.49 5.14
B3-f4 4319 2.60 -0.15 1.50 11 8.77 ... 6.20 5.03
B3-f7 4517 2.93 0.14 1.55 24 ... 7.89 6.44 5.18
B3-f8 4436 2.88 0.21 1.54 63 8.79 7.96 6.50 5.23
BW-b1 4042 2.39 0.43 1.43 29 ... 8.07 6.58 5.47
BW-b2 4367 2.39 0.15 1.68 20 ... 7.99 6.50 5.17
BW-b5 3939 1.68 0.22 1.31 43 ... 7.82 6.47 5.22
BW-b6 4262 1.98 -0.35 1.44 23 8.60 7.72 6.31 4.97
BW-b8 4424 2.54 0.27 1.52 44 ... 7.99 6.52 5.14
BW-f1 4359 2.51 0.25 1.93 37 8.96 8.15 6.59 5.26
BW-f5 4818 2.89 -0.54 1.29 39 ... 7.37 6.08 4.65
BW-f6 4117 1.43 -0.46 1.69 33 8.55 7.73 6.09 4.60
BW-f7 4592 2.96 0.53 1.50 15 9.10 8.05 6.71 5.69
B6-b1 4372 2.59 0.22 1.57 51 ... 7.87 6.50 5.13
B6-b3 4468 2.48 0.02 1.67 59 8.91 7.82 6.33 5.06
B6-b4 4215 1.38 -0.65 1.68 41 8.43 7.38 5.87 4.43
B6-b5 4340 2.02 -0.51 1.34 54 8.49 7.66 6.09 4.71
B6-b6 4396 2.37 0.16 1.77 44 8.86 7.95 6.49 5.16
B6-b8 4021 1.90 0.03 1.45 55 8.68 7.71 6.36 5.10
B6-f1 4149 2.01 0.07 1.65 77 8.84 7.83 6.37 5.06
B6-f3 4565 2.60 -0.38 1.28 82 8.63 7.57 6.14 4.80
B6-f5 4345 2.32 -0.36 1.41 32 ... 7.68 6.15 4.88
B6-f7 4250 2.10 -0.34 1.65 29 ... 7.69 6.16 4.91
B6-f8 4470 2.78 0.10 1.30 81 8.89 7.81 6.45 5.10
BL-1 4370 2.19 -0.22 1.50 38 ... 7.57 6.25 4.87
BL-3 4555 2.48 -0.12 1.53 57 8.74 7.73 6.26 4.88
BL-4 4476 2.94 0.24 1.41 36 8.93 8.00 6.63 5.20
BL-5 4425 2.65 0.25 1.68 58 8.91 8.05 6.60 5.25
BL-7 4776 2.52 -0.53 1.53 60 ... 7.49 6.07 4.68
------- ------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------------------- ----- ----------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
\[tab:stellarparams\]
{width="170mm"}
Discussion {#sec:discussion}
==========
We are not able to see any trends in metallicity nor abundances across the different fields, why we in the following handle the entire sample as a bulge sample. To see possible trends more stars in every field are needed.
It is hard to estimate the age of giant stars, but from the isochrones in Figure \[fig:hr-dia\], one can see a slight splitting up with respect of age for the giants with highest gravities (close to $\log g=3$). This might possibly be visible in a slight split/spread of the solar metallicity (orange in the plot) stars of the solar neighborhood sample, while the same effect is not clearly visible in the bulge sample, which is expected since the bulge stars are predominately old [e.g., @2008ApJ...684.1110C], . From Figure \[fig:hr-dia\] it is also obvious that the bulge stars generally are more metal-rich than the giants found in the Solar neighborhood.
Comparison to other studies
---------------------------
From Figure \[fig:all\_abundances\], one can see that the trends of our stars and the microlensed dwarfs are quite similar, and the scatter seem to be rather similar, with our stars possibly showing marginally higher scatter. Our \[O/Fe\] vs. \[Fe/H\] trend is much less scattered and less steep than that of @2014AJ....148...67J. The differences are likely due to the large uncertainties inherent in determining the oxygen abundance from the 6300 Å \[\]-line in the relatively low resolution spectra of @2014AJ....148...67J. For example, avoid determining the oxygen abundance all-together from the exact same data due to these uncertainties. When it comes to our \[Ca/Fe\] vs. \[Fe/H\] trend, it is much tighter and less alpha enhanced than the corresponding trends of @2014AJ....148...67J and . These differences may be attributed to our stellar parameters being more accurate due to our larger wavelength coverage, higher resolution, and thorough tests of our method in Paper I. On the other hand, the \[Mg/Fe\] vs. \[Fe/H\] trends of @2014AJ....148...67J and are less alpha enhanced and tighter than ours. The reason for our data showing a larger scatter is not clear: all three works use the same three lines around 6318-19 Å and our data has higher resolution suggesting that our data, at least theoretically, should be of higher quality. However, these three lines have several difficulties: first of all, they have uncertain $gf$-values. @2014AJ....148...67J and use astrophysical values and we use the (very similar) results of @2016arXiv161107000P. Secondly, the lines are affected by an autoionizing -line producing a very wide depression of the spectrum. @2014AJ....148...67J, like us, solve this problem by setting a local pseudo-continuum around the lines, while both model the autoionizing -line using their determined Ca-abundance, *and* place a local continuum to get rid of possible residual mis-matches between the observed and synthetic spectra. Thirdly, the lines are in a region affected by telluric lines. @2014AJ....148...67J remove these by division by an observed ‘telluric’ spectrum, while we and simply avoid using the Mg-lines visibly affected by telluric contamination. To conclude, a possible explanation for our more scattered \[Mg/Fe\] vs. \[Fe/H\] trend might be that the (necessary) lower S/N of our higher resolution data makes the continuum-placement more difficult, and our tendency to derive higher \[Mg/Fe\] might be due to the lower S/N making it harder to identify and avoid telluric lines, implying that we would derive too high magnesium abundances in the cases where we possibly fail to identify a telluric line.
Several previous studies, but not all, have found different trends in \[O/Fe\] and \[Mg/Fe\] in the bulge, which is often attributed to a higher degree massive stars in the bulge compared to the Solar neighborhood. One example is , who used 35 of the same spectra as we do, opening up for an interesting comparison. Therefore, we have plotted the oxygen abundances of (these are the very same abundances also presented in ), and the magnesium abundances of in Figure \[fig:sn-bulge\_abundances\]. Our re-analysis show a similar, but slightly less scattered, oxygen-trend as , while our magnesium-trend is lower in \[Mg/Fe\] for \[Fe/H\]$>-0.5$, showing a rather thick-disk-like trend at odds with what is found in . We believe that most of these differences can be attributed to our new all-spectroscopic stellar parameters, but also to the different handling of the autoionizing -line affecting the derived magnesium abundances: model this line to get rid of its influence in spite of its uncertain spectroscopic data, while we avoid synthesizing it and instead place a local pseudo-continuum around the three -lines (for some example of their modeling of this line, see Figures 3 and 5 in ).
There are several ongoing large spectroscopic projects surveying the entire Galaxy, and including the bulge. For example the APOGEE survey [@2011AJ....142...72E] has observed a wealth of stars (over 150 000), with several fields towards the bulge. APOGEE has the advantage of observing in the H-band, reducing the problem with extinction of light due to dust, but the rather small diameter of the telescope used, means that the stars that actually are *in* the bulge are the most luminous giants, that are the hardest to analyze. As of yet there has not been any APOGEE-paper on the bulge, but only on the very special stellar population of the absolute galactic centre .
The Gaia ESO-survey has some fields in the bulge, but has sofar not published any comparison between the alpha elemental trends of the local disk and the bulge, but only an investigation on the metallicity and kinematic trends of the bulge .
Comparison to the Solar neighborhood sample
-------------------------------------------
As has been mentioned several times before, the abundance trends found in the bulge must be compared to similarly determined trends in the disk: most importantly the type of stars and the spectral lines used in the analysis should be the same to minimize systematic differences. Ideally also the quality of the spectra should be the same - the resolution and S/N - but this is harder to obtain: it is impossible to obtain the same S/N for the faint bulge giants as for the bright nearby disk giants, and for this difference in magnitude, possibly the same telescope/spectrometer cannot be used in both cases. In our case we used FIES [@2014AN....335...41T] at NOT and data retrieved from the NARVAL and ESPaDOnS spectral archive PolarBase [@2014PASP..126..469P] to collect spectra for the Solar neighborhood sample of Paper I, while we used UVES/FLAMES at VLT for the bulge sample. The FIES and PolarBase spectra have a resolving power of 67000 and 65000, respectively, and high S/N (typically around 100), while the UVES/FLAMES spectra have $R \sim 47000$ and much lower S/N (see Table \[tab:stellarparams\]). The effect of this difference in spectral quality is expected to manifest itself as more scatter in the bulge trends.
In Figure \[fig:sn-bulge\_abundances\], where we compare the abundance trends from our Solar neighborhood sample of Paper I to that of the bulge stars of this article, it is obvious that the abundance trends in the bulge are indeed not as tight as the trends from the Solar neighborhood. Since the type of stars analyzed, and the lines used are the same, this larger spread can only be attributed to lower S/N in the bulge-observations. Looking at Table \[tab:stellarparams\], and comparing to Figure 2 in Paper I where we investigate the impact of S/N on the stellar parameters and the abundances, all SW-stars are expected to have an uncertainty in the \[X/Fe\] abundance ratio of around 0.2 dex (standard deviation) stemming from the S/N alone. The B3-BW-B6-BL-stars generally have higher S/N and are expected to show lower uncertainties due to the S/N, in general around 0.1 dex (standard deviation) for the \[X/Fe\] abundance ratios. As mentioned earlier, the scatter in the \[Mg/Fe\]-trend for the bulge stars seems higher than for the other elements, and is possibly slightly enhanced compared to the thick disk, which is not seen for the other elements. This strongly suggests that the larger scatter in \[Mg/Fe\] for the bulge stars is linked to both the low S/N making it hard to place the continuum and identify telluric lines in the spectrum.
{width="170mm"}
Comparing the abundance trends of Figure \[fig:sn-bulge\_abundances\], we find the bulge trends to generally follow that of the local thick disk, but possibly tracing the upper envelope in the case of magnesium, calcium and titanium, while the bulge oxygen trend more seem to follow the lower envelope of the local thick disk (or upper envelope of the local thin disk). These lower oxygen abundances could potentially be explained by the lower S/N of the bulge stars: from Figure 2 in Paper I, an asymmetry for the lowest S/N is seen in the oxygen abundance, suggesting that lower oxygen abundances are derived for lower S/N. In general, the oxygen abundance is expected to be more sensitive to lower quality of the spectra, since it is based on a single line, in contrast to the magnesium, calcium, and titanium abundances. On the other hand, the oxygen and calcium abundance trends are the tightest of the four, suggesting that the determined surface gravity is precise: the oxygen and calcium abundances are mainly dependent on the surface gravity, as is shown in Table 3 in Paper I for oxygen, and is evident in the case of calcium since it is used to constrain the surface gravity.
In spite of the slight differences of oxygen and magnesium when comparing our bulge sample to our local disk sample in Figure \[fig:sn-bulge\_abundances\], we cannot see any evidence for \[O/Fe\] and \[Mg/Fe\] showing different trends in our bulge data, see Figure \[fig:omg\]. The \[O/Mg\] in our local disk sample is around zero for all metallicities, while the \[O/Mg\] in our bulge data is negative, but still constant. This difference might be on account of our oxygen abundances in the bulge possibly being systematically too low on account of the lower S/N in the bulge spectra. Furthermore, a slightly higher magnesium abundances in the bulge trend can possibly be attributed to difficulties in avoiding telluric lines in the more noisy bulge spectra as mentioned earlier.
{width="170mm"}
From Figure \[fig:sn-bulge\_abundances\], we see no clear evidence for different positions of the knees of the bulge population and the thick disk population, thereby corroborating , but the conclusion is weak. To make a firmer statement, we would ideally need a larger bulge sample extending to lower metallicities, and more thick disk stars in our local sample.
To resolve the question about the possible higher knee in the alpha elemental abundance plots for the bulge as compared to the local thick disk, one would need two decent sized stellar samples: one from the bulge and one from the local disk. This can be reached in several ways, some of which are listed below:
- The investigation of has a large and representative sample of 714 local dwarf stars, while the bulge sample is much smaller with 58 microlensed dwarfs. Ideally, the bulge sample should be enlarged, but with the unpredictability of the microlensing events, this is not readily done. Also, the type of stars in the two samples are not exactly the same with the local sample being F and G dwarf stars, while the bulge sample contains several slightly cooler subgiant stars, see Figure \[fig:hr-dia\].
- The investigation of @2014AJ....148...67J and , on the other hand, both have large bulge sample of hundreds of giant stars, with a very tight and un-scattered \[Mg/Fe\]-trend, see Figure \[fig:all\_abundances\]. However, they both have a small similarly observed and analyzed local disk sample of giants to contrast their bulge-trend to. Furthermore, their other $\alpha$-elements show larger scatter than our trends.
- Our investigation has a local disk sample of 291 giants, but would benefit from having more thick-disk stars. The bulge-sample consists of 46 giants of very similar types to the local sample, see Figure \[fig:hr-dia\].
The strategy used here, observing K-giants in the optical with high resolution spectroscopy, has the upside that it is easy to find and observe suitable, very similar local disk stars and also telescopes/instruments with which to carry out these observations. The downside is the long integration times needed for the bulge observations. However, FLAMES/UVES offers the ability to observe seven stars simultaneously, resulting in about one hour telescope-time per star, similar to the amount of time spent per microlensed dwarf star in .
For the future, a similar methodology as presented here but performed in the near-IR H and/or K bands would be rewarding. This is indeed possible now with the new cross-dispersed high-resolution, near-IR spectrometers recently available or planned for [see e.g. @2014SPIE.9147E..1DP; @2014SPIE.9147E..1EO], but to do so, a serious effort in exploring usable and reliable spectral features in the near-IR needs to be adressed.
Conclusions {#sec:conclusion}
===========
We have determined the abundances of oxygen, magnesium, calcium, and titanium in a sample of 46 bulge K-giants, 35 of which have been analyzed for oxygen and magnesium in previous works , and compare the abundances to those of 291 similarly analyzed K-giants in the solar neighborhood.
To conclude, our re-analysis of the bulge oxygen abundances from and the magnesium abundances from , result in similar oxygen trends, while we do not see the high \[Mg/Fe\]-values for the highest \[Fe/H\]-stars. Thereby we contradict and their claim that the oxygen and magnesium trends are very different in the bulge.
Furthermore, the question of a possible shift in position of the knee in the \[$\alpha$/Fe\]-plot in the bulge as compared to the local disk is not unambiguously answered.
This research has been partly supported by the Royal Physiographic Society in Lund, Stiftelsen Walter Gyllenbergs fond. N.R. acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council, VR (project number 2014-5640). M.Z. acknowledges support by the Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism’s Millennium Science Initiative through grant IC120009, awarded to The Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS), by Fondecyt Regular 1150345 and by the BASAL-CATA Center for Astrophysics and Associated Technologies PFB-06. This publication made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, NASA’s Astrophysics Data System, and the VALD database, operated at Uppsala University, the Institute of Astronomy RAS in Moscow, and the University of Vienna.
[^1]: Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, Chile (ESO programs 71.B-0617(A), 073.B-0074(A), and 085.B-0552(A))
| {
"pile_set_name": "ArXiv"
} |
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
namespace Essensoft.AspNetCore.Payment.Alipay.Domain
{
/// <summary>
/// KoubeiMallScanpurchaseDiscountdetailModifyModel Data Structure.
/// </summary>
public class KoubeiMallScanpurchaseDiscountdetailModifyModel : AlipayObject
{
/// <summary>
/// 蚂蚁统一会员ID
/// </summary>
[JsonPropertyName("buyer_user_id")]
public string BuyerUserId { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 优惠信息列表
/// </summary>
[JsonPropertyName("discount_details")]
public List<MallDiscountDetail> DiscountDetails { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 商圈场景订单id。（order_id和trade_no不能都为空）
/// </summary>
[JsonPropertyName("order_id")]
public string OrderId { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 支付宝交易号，（order_id和trade_no不能都为空）
/// </summary>
[JsonPropertyName("trade_no")]
public string TradeNo { get; set; }
}
}
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
[Diagnostic considerations in "constitutional bone diseases"].
The author makes a few diagnostic comments regarding the so-called constitutional bone diseases, quoting the international nomenclature and a classification which is thought to be useful for diagnosis, based on clinical and radiological criteria rather than purely structural and metabolic findings. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Hong Kong Buddhist Association
Hong Kong Buddhist Association () is a Buddhist organisation in Hong Kong founded in 1945. It promotes Buddhism in Hong Kong and provides a series of charity services in Hong Kong, including education, medical, child care, youth activities, elderly care and burial.
The association also runs the Buddhist Fat Ho Memorial College, founded in 1977.
External links
Official website
Category:Charities based in Hong Kong
Category:Buddhist organizations based in Hong Kong
Category:Religious organizations established in 1945 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Basis
=====
Haxe Native Development (haxe 3 only)
The goal of Basis is to provide access to native APIs and allow easy building of projects. For example, in ios you would need an xcode project and in android you would need an android project. Basis will create all needed files then compile and run if wanted.
For an API example, in ios one would use UIView and in android one would use android.View along with layout xml. This is the same in Basis but everything is haxe.
Basis is the core haxelib which works with other haxlibs.
Current haxelibs in development:
* [BasisApple](https://github.com/Randonee/BasisApple) (ios and osx)
* [BasisAndroid](https://github.com/Randonee/BasisAndroid)
Installation
----------------
run command:
haxelib install basis
Install haxelibs for platforms you wish to build
haxelib install basisApple
haxelib install basisAndroid
* You will also need tools specific to the platform you are building (android sdk, xcode...). See specific platform for more instruction.
Examples
----------------
There are examples for each target. See the other Basis haxelib targets bellow for examples.
* [BasisApple](https://github.com/Randonee/BasisApple)
* [BasisAndroid](https://github.com/Randonee/BasisAndroid)
Building From Source
----------------
1. Download each haxelib source (Basis, BasisApple, BasisAndroid)
2. Run command "ant install" from the root of the Basis directory
3. Run command "ant install" from both BasisApple and BasisAndroid
If your working on the core Basis code you will need to build Basis then the other haxelibs before using them.
Build file format (.basis extension)
----------------
Example
<target name="main">
<appName value="Example" />
<source path="src" />
<builddir path="build" />
<target name="apple" type="Apple">
<framework name="UIKit" />
<framework name="Foundation" />
<framework name="CoreGraphics" />
<framework name="QuartzCore" />
<target name="ipad">
<os type="ios" />
<simulator use="true" type="ipad"/>
<main classpath="example.ApplicationMain" />
<debug value="true" />
<runWhenFinished value="true" />
</target>
</target>
</target>
The build files work similar to CSS in that all tags apply to child targets.
In the example above the appName node would apply to the apple target and ipad target.
When a target is built each sub target (if any) will also be built.
Build xml Node Reference
----------------
**See platform specific haxelib for nodes specific to that haxelib**
Attributes are optional unless marked otherwise.
* target
* Attributes
* name (required)
* The name of the target. This is what you will call from the command line. For example if you want to build the apple target: haxelib run basis build.basis apple
* type
* The haxelib that will build the target "apple" for BasisApple and "android" for BasisAndroid
* appName
* Attributes
* value
* The name of the application
* source
* Attributes
* path
* A directory with haxe source to be included
* nativeSource
* Attributes
* path
* A directory with native source to be included (objc, java...)
* builddir
* Attributes
* path
* where the build output will go
* haxelib
* Attributes
* name
* the name of a haxelib to include
* main
* Attributes
* classpath
* the fill class path to the main class
* debug
* Attributes
* value
* if "true" build debug build
* haxeArg
* Attributes
* value
* haxe compiler arg. Example `<haxeArg value="-D spod_macro" />`
* runWhenFinished
* Attributes
* value
* if true the app will be run after it is built
* asset
* Attributes
* path
* path to an asset directory
* includeSettings
* An xml file that can include any of the setting nodes above. The settings in this file will be applied to the target the includeSettings node is a child of.
* Attributes
* path
* path to a settings file
Example includeSettings file:
<settings>
<source path="path/to/src"/>
<main classpath="com.package.Main"/>
</settings>
**License:**
Copyright (c) 2013 Basis Contributors
Unless indicated otherwise, this code is provided under a MIT-style license.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.
[](https://bitdeli.com/free "Bitdeli Badge") | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Q:
Citing and Tag wiki
Is citing required for Tag wikis that come from other sources? If so, how does one do it? I am just curious as there is plenty of info out there and if something is a direct quote, should it be cited?
A:
Tag wiki content should be cited just as you would if you were posting it as an answer. You'd quote a few sentences with a link back to the source.
If you need to quote more than three sentences, that's already too much. (Three is just a rule of thumb and pinkie.)
Better no more than that and just fill out the rest of the tag wiki with more Super User specific information such as related tags, top list of questions, how best to use the tag on a question, etc.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Bodiansky 20
The Bodiansky 20, a French four-seat touring aircraft flown in the early 1930s, was one of the first French aircraft to adopt Handley Page slots to delay the stall and lower landing speed.
Design and development
Though the Handley Page H.P.20 had demonstrated the efficacy of leading edge slots used in coordination with flaps in delaying the onset of stall at high angles of attack in 1921, they were only adopted slowly across Europe. The Handley Page Gugnunc of 1929 had two groups of slots, one which opened with the flaps and the other automatically opened by air pressure changes as the stall approached. The Bodiansky 20 was one of the first French aircraft to use this system. It was also the first French aircraft to have a welded steel tube fuselage structure, made in the factory of the aircraft constructor S. Poite.
The cantilever wing of the Bodiansky 20 was built in three parts, with a short-span, thick, rectangular plan central section and nearly triangular plan outer panels which carried 8° of dihedral and thinned linearly outwards. The aspect ratio of the wing, 10.9, was high. Structurally the central section was a welded steel tube part of the fuselage and the outer panels were wooden, each with two spars and plywood skinned. Slats, which opened to form the slots, filled the whole leading edges of the outer panels and were divided into two sections. These sections matched the division of the trailing edge into ailerons outboard and flaps inboard. The outer slots opened automatically on the approach of the stall, whereas the inboard slats deployed when the flaps were lowered to their single down setting.
It was powered by a nose-mounted, Renault 4Pb, a four-cylinder, air-cooled, upright inline engine, though its mountings, part of the tubular fuselage structure, could accept engines with powers in the range . The exhaust was fitted with a silencer and its outlet was aft of the cabin. Fuel was held in two tanks in the wing centre-section and oil in the fuselage aft of the engine firewall. Its enclosed cabin, entered via centrally hinged, multi-part glazing, had two forward seats, equipped with dual controls, and a rear bench seat. It was normally flown from the left-hand seat, where the rudder bar was fitted with brake pedals. The flap lever was placed centrally. The fuselage was fabric covered apart from the engine area and the sloping fuselage roof and upper part aft of the cabin, which was covered with electron metal sheet.
The tail of the Bodiansky 20 was conventional, with a small, triangular, in-flight adjustable tailplane mounted at the top of the fuselage frame. It carried generous, aerodynamically balanced elevators with a semi-elliptical trailing edge and was fitted with ground-adjustable trim tabs. The vertical tail was similar in profile and design to the horizontal surfaces; the rudder extended to the keel and worked in a deep elevator cut-out. Structurally these surfaces were steel tube framed and fabric covered.
It had fixed tailwheel landing gear with a track of . The mainwheels, equipped with brakes, were independently mounted on bent axles hinged from the central fuselage and restrained by drag struts from the forward lower fuselage frames. Each wheel had a short, vertical oleo strut from the forward part of the outer end of the wing centre-section. The tailwheel castored and was sprung and damped with rubber rings.
The Bodiansky 2 first flew on 6 July 1931. Only one, registered F-ALZB, was built and its subsequent history in unknown.
Specifications
References
Category:1930s French civil utility aircraft
Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft
Category:Aircraft first flown in 1931 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Louis Mellis
Louis Mellis is a Scottish actor and screenwriter. Along with David Scinto, he wrote the screenplay for the 2000 film Sexy Beast and the 2009 film 44 Inch Chest.
In 2010, Mellis signed on to write The Princess' Gangster, based on the apparently true story of Princess Margaret's affair with gangster John Bindon in the late 1960s.
Among gamers he is known for having voiced Darth Sion, a character in Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic II: The Sith Lords.
Filmography
44 Inch Chest (2009)
Celebrity Shark Bait (2005) (TV) .... Narrator
Sexy Beast (2000)
Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic II: The Sith Lords (2004) (VG) (voice) .... Darth Sion/Additional Voices
Mulberry - "The Art Class" (1993) TV Episode .... Football Referee
The Grass Arena (1991) .... Jock
Nuns on the Run (1990) .... Bank Security Guard
The Bill - "Don't Like Mondays" (1989) TV Episode .... Davies
Hawks (1988) .... Bouncers and Clients
Vroom (1988) .... Flanny
Pump Up the Volume: The History of House (2001) .... Narrator
References
External links
Category:Scottish male voice actors
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Scottish male film actors | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
There are a number of processes for providing a surface layer or surface insert of a metal, wood or paper, onto the surface of molded plastic parts using an injection molding process and pre-inserting or feeding a metal and/or wood surface piece in front of or into the mold. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,086 a metal foil layer is provided in an injection molded article. The metal foil is in a laminate with layers of plastic on either side. The laminate is placed in an injection mold and molten plastic forced against the plastic laminate surface.
EP 1,132,189 describes the application of a metallic foil surface layer to an injection molded plastic substrate in a process which conforms the metal surface layer to the mold and folds the metal edges back over the plastic edges to conceal the substrate and provide mechanical connection of the metal to the substrate. An adhesive layer may be applied between the foil and the substrate to assist in forming a secure connection.
DE 42 28 283 describes the use of insert molded plastic to cover the edges of a decorative layer of fabric or plastic film. | {
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Each month, we choose an individual to be our PureFormer of the month. This is a person with a story that has inspired us: a great weight loss journey, overcoming an injury, using their improved fitness to accomplish their goals, and countless other stories that we haven't even imagined yet.
Browse this page and enjoy the stories. And if you think you have what it takes to be our PureFormer of the Month, we invite you to tell us your story.
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Pure Form Personal Fitness Training is a unique workout experience that emphasizes Pure Form, not just extreme intensity. Our 45 minute sessions allow you to get a complete workout for all areas of your body. Experience Pure Form PFT today in Stockton, Lodi, Tracy, West Sacramento, or Galt. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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A type of such control apparatuses set forth above is designed to carry out current feedback control to thereby adjust an actual torque of a rotary machine to a request torque. A typical control apparatus of this type operates in a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control mode for switching elements of an inverter as an example of power converters.
The control apparatus for a three-phase motor operates in the PWM control mode to calculate a substantially sinusoidal command voltage for each phase winding of the three-phase motor; is command voltage is required to match an actual current flowing through each phase winding and fed back therefrom with a desired periodic command current.
The control apparatus operates in the PWM control mode to compare the sinusoidal command voltage for each phase winding with a triangular (or saw-tooth) carrier wave. Based on the result of the comparison, the control apparatus operates in the PWM mode to individually switch on and off each of bridge-configured switching elements of an inverter based on the result of the comparison. This modulates an input DC voltage to the inverter into an AC (Alternating Current) voltage to be applied to each phase winding of the rotary machine.
Adjustment of the on and off durations, that is, the duty (duty cycle) of each of the bridge-configured switching elements by the control apparatus matches the AC voltage to be applied to each phase winding with the command voltage therefor. This matches the actual current flowing through each phase winding to a desired periodic command current. The actual current flowing through each phase winding works to generate a torque corresponding to the desired command current for each phase winding.
The PWM control mode for a three-phase motor needs to increase the command voltage in a higher speed range of the three-phase motor, The bridge-configured inverter limits an upper limit of the amplitude of the command voltage to substantially the half of the input DC voltage to the inverter. This is because the substantial half of the input DC voltage to the inverter is applied to each phase winding.
Thus, when the command voltage increases in amplitude to be greater than the half of the inverter input DC voltage, an actual output voltage of the inverter cannot be matched with the command voltage.
Thus, in a higher speed range of a three-phase motor, using a single-pulse control mode in place of the PWM control mode has been implemented.
A control apparatus operates in the single-pulse control mode in a higher speed range of the three-phase motor to individually switch on and off each of the switching elements of the inverter such that the on and off cycle of each of the switching elements is substantially matched with the period of the periodic command current; this period corresponds to an electric angle of 2π radians.
The control apparatus that operates in the single-pulse control mode in a higher speed range of the three-phase motor provides a voltage utilization factor greater than that obtained when it operates in the PWM control mode in the higher speed range. The voltage utilization factor means the ratio of a magnitude of an inverter output voltage to the inverter input DC voltage.
However, the single-pulse control mode abruptly, that is, discontinuously increases the voltage utilization factor from the value obtained at the moment when the amplitude of the command voltage for the PWM control mode reaches the half of the input DC voltage to the inverter.
An additional control method for continuously shifting inverter control from the PWM control mode to the single-pulse control mode is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. H09-047100.
The method disclosed in the Patent Publication is designed to, when the amplitude of the command voltage for the PWM control mode reaches the half of the inverter input DC voltage, use a pattern of periodic repetitive pulses stored in a ROM and a phase of a vector of the command voltage in a d-q coordinate system. The d-axis of the d-q coordinate system is in line with a rotor N pole center of the three-phase motor, and the q-axis thereof has a phase of π/2 radian electric angle leading with respect to a corresponding d-axis during rotation of the three-phase motor.
The method is also designed to switch on and off each of the bridge-configured switching elements in accordance with the pattern of periodic repetitive pulses.
This makes possible that the voltage utilization factor obtained at the moment when the amplitude of the command voltage for the PWM control mode substantially reaches the half of the inverter input DC voltage is continuously shifted to the voltage utilization factor obtained using the single pulse control mode. | {
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Robert X. Cringely
{{Infobox person
| name = Robert X. Cringely
| image = Robert X Cringely keynote 2006-10-05.jpg
| caption = Cringely delivers the keynote speech at the 2006 CODI Conference in Salt Lake City.
| birth_name = Mark Stephens
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Apple Creek, Ohio, U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| education = BA, College of Wooster, 1975MA, Stanford University
| occupation = Journalist, Technology writer
| spouse = Mary Alyce
| known_for = InfoWorld columnAccidental Empires: How the Boys of Silicon Valley Make Their Millions, Battle Foreign Competition and Still Can't Get a Date| website =
}}
Robert X. Cringely is the pen name of both technology journalist Mark Stephens and a string of writers for a column in InfoWorld, the one-time weekly computer trade newspaper published by IDG.
InfoWorld
Mark Stephens was the third author to contribute to Infoworld under the Cringely pseudonym, the first two being Rory J. O'Connor and then Laurie Flynn. The original column, the first computer "gossip" column, was started by Mark Garetz and called According to Garetz; it was later taken over by John Dvorak. During Stephens' lengthy tenure (1987–1995), the character of Cringely changed dramatically (morphing from a private eye type to a slick, womanizing tech insider) and became an increasingly popular tech pundit after he published the book Accidental Empires: How the Boys of Silicon Valley Make Their Millions, Battle Foreign Competition and Still Can't Get a Date (1992, ).
After a financial disagreement in 1995, Stephens was dismissed from Infoworld and was promptly sued by IDG to prevent him from continuing to use the Cringely trademark. A settlement was reached out of court that allowed him to use the name, so long as he did not contribute to competing technology magazines.InfoWorld.com continued to publish the "Robert X. Cringely" Notes From the Field column as a blog, written by technology journalist Daniel Tynan until August 3, 2015.
Mark Stephens
Biography
Stephens was born in 1953, in Apple Creek, Ohio. He earned a bachelor's degree from the College of Wooster in Ohio in 1975 and a Master's degree in Communication from Stanford University in 1979, where he also pursued work toward a doctorate. He has claimed he was employee #12 at Apple, Inc., though Daniel Kottke also claims this number.
Stephens' writing as Robert X. Cringely regularly appears in publications such as Forbes, Newsweek, Success, The New York Times, Upside, and Worth. Stephens has also appeared as Cringely in two documentaries based on his writings: Triumph of the Nerds: The Rise of Accidental Empires (1996) and Nerds 2.0.1: A Brief History of the Internet (1998) and in a three-part documentary on PBS called Plane Crazy, in which he attempted to build an aircraft in 30 days and fly it when completed. The project quickly fell behind schedule and he became angry with the film crew. Eventually, he admitted defeat and the aircraft was cut up by Cringely. In the final episode, he builds an existing kit designed and assisted by Fisher Aero.
As Cringely, Stephens produced and hosted an Internet television show called NerdTV (2005–06) for PBS and, until late 2008, wrote an online column for the PBS website called I, Cringely: The Pulpit. On November 14, 2008, Stephens announced that he would stop contributing columns to PBS as of that December 15. He indicated that the move was his own decision "and not that of PBS, which has been nothing but good to me these many years". He also blogged for the Technology Evangelist site during 2007.
Today, his writings can be found at his own I, Cringely site and at Adam Smith's Money World.
Personal life
Stephens and his wife, Mary Alyce, have three sons, as of Christmas 2009: Channing, Cole, and Fallon. They moved from Charleston, South Carolina to Santa Rosa, California around the end of July 2011.
On July 5, 2017, Stephens announced that he was effectively blind due to cataracts. Although he suggested that his eyesight would be restored in 10 days, as of August 14, 2017, he claimed he was still blind. On January 2, 2018, Stephens reported that his eye surgery was complete and that he could see again.
On October 13, 2017, Stephens posted a photo of his home taken as he and his family fled the Tubbs fire in Northern California. It is presumed that the home burned along with thousands of other homes.
Controversies
Stanford
In 1998, it was revealed"Compressed Data; Stanford Gave Writer A Start, but Not a Ph.D.", by Lisa Napoli, The New York Times, November 16, 1998, Late Edition – Final, Section C, Page 5, Column 3. that Stephens had falsely claimed to have received a Ph.D. from Stanford University and to have been employed as a professor there. Stanford's administration stated that while Stephens had been a teaching assistant and had pursued course work toward a doctoral degree, he had never held a professorship nor had he been awarded the degree. Stephens then stated that while he had received a master's degree from the department of Communications and completed the classes and tests required for the Ph.D., he acknowledged that he failed to complete his dissertation. Asked about the resulting controversy, Stephens told a reporter: "[A] new fact has now become painfully clear to me: you don't say you have the Ph.D. unless you really'' have the Ph.D."
Notes
External links
I, Cringely at cringely.com
I, Cringely at pbs.org via the Wayback Machine
Category:1953 births
Category:American male journalists
Category:American technology writers
Category:American television personalities
Category:Apple Inc. employees
Category:Collective pseudonyms
Category:College of Wooster alumni
Category:Living people
Category:Pseudonymous writers
Category:People from Wayne County, Ohio | {
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Q:
Rdbms one way sync with Realm Object Server possible?
I'm looking into Realm Mobile Database and Realm Mobile Platform to implement an offline first mobile app. I think my scenario is pretty common:
I've a website with a SQL database, I need a mobile app to display the data from the website, read only data. This app will be eventually connected so I need to sync the data from server to client when the client get connected, and then consume that data offline.
I need to know if anyone is doing something like an ETL to keep a SQL DB synched with Realm Object Server in order to sync it with the mobile clients.
Just one way SQL -> Realm Object Server -> Realm Mobile Database.
I'm just discovering Realm so I want to know if this is doable?
A:
It's possible, but not in the freely available version of the Realm Mobile Platform on the Realm Website.
At the moment, only a sync-enabled version of the Realm Node.JS SDK is capable of opening and writing data to synchronized Realm files located on the server. This SDK is only presently available to people who have purchased the Enterprise edition of the Realm Mobile Platform. The developer edition of the Realm Mobile Platform only allows for modification of synchronized Realms from a user's local device.
A version of the Realm Mobile Platform with server-side integrations intended for indie level developers is also on its way. :)
| {
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Throughout recent history, society at large has stereotyped ladyfolk as demure and pure certainly not interested in The Sex (save for sluts, a shameful variety of the ladyfolk who *gasp* enjoy having sex, sometimes even before or outside of marriage). Well, the female musicians and bands that follow give tired sex-related gender roles a big ol' slap in the face with unabashed lyrics and straight-up badassness. | {
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Frank Lampard, England Midfielder, Retires From International Football
Frank Lampard has retired from international football after 106 caps and 29 goals with England.
Lampard, 36, is currently on loan at Manchester City but will play for the City-owned New York City FC when their inaugural MLS campaign begins in March.
Lampard captained England on his final appearance against Costa Rica
He said:
"I have taken the decision to retire from international football. It has been a very tough decision for me to make which is why I have given it so much thought since the World Cup."
"I have always been exceptionally proud and honoured to represent my country and have to say looking back I have enjoyed every minute of wearing the England shirt.
"Due to my club career now going in a different direction it is of utmost importance for me to consider my family first - also, to concentrate on how I can perform consistently to the best of my abilities over my next few years in club football.
"It is now the time to move forward and I feel very confident that, with Roy Hodgson in charge, the young players that we have coming through and the changes that are being made throughout the development of the youth system in this country, we will have success in the future and a team that this country deserves.
"I would like to thank all the managers that I have worked under, all the players that I have been fortunate enough to play alongside, and all the England fans for their support, not only at home, but particularly on their travels with the team around the world.
"I now look forward to continuing to support the team as a fan and wish them every success for the upcoming campaign towards France 2016."
After making his England debut against Belgium at the Stadium of Light in 1999, Lampard failed to establish himself in the national side until 2004, when he capitalised on Nicky Butt's withdrawal through injury and scored three goals at the European Championship in Portugal.
Despite that auspicious start, Lampard played at three consecutive World Cups without scoring, erroneously denied by a myopic linesman during England's defeat to Germany in Bloemfontein four years ago.
Lampard also had a penalty saved in England's 2006 quarter-final shootout defeat to Portugal in Gelsenkirchen.
Injury deprived England of Lampard at Euro 2012 but he captained the Three Lions on his final international appearance against Costa Rica in June. | {
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EP 2 (Zero 7 EP)
EP 2 is the second EP released by British downtempo duo Zero 7.
Track listing
External links
[ EP 2 at Allmusic]
Category:2000 EPs
Category:Zero 7 albums | {
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I'm a Mormon 2012
I'm a Mormon, Family Man, and Professional Snowboarder
As a kid, professional snowboarder and Mormon Jeremy Jones' first priority was his sport. Now, his family not only comes first, but it provides his spiritual foundation. See more about Jeremy at www.mormon.org/Jeremy
Athelia Lesueur, a Mormon ballerina, always thought her life would be dance. When health challenges derailed her plans, Athelia discovered another passion: fashion. Visit Athelia's page at mormon.org/Athelia3:25
Mormon athlete Chad Lewis played professional football and recently hiked Mount Kilimanjaro with four wounded warriors. He appreciates the great challenges of life and those who face them. More at www.mormon.org/chad3:01
Denny Hancock is a Mormon superhero. Despite a brain injury, he is saving the world with a carpet truck full of food for the hungry and a little piece of home for the homeless. Read more at www.mormon.org/denny3:52
Kathy Peterson's a farm girl but believes in the importance of travel. It's through other countries, cultures and faiths that Kathy receives inspiration as a Mormon artist. See more about Kathy at www.mormon.org/kathy3:12
As a kid, professional snowboarder and Mormon Jeremy Jones' first priority was his sport. Now, his family not only comes first, but it provides his spiritual foundation. See more about Jeremy at www.mormon.org/Jeremy2:53
From an immigrant childhood to the newsrooms of New York City, Anita is living proof that even humble beginnings can turn into great endings. See more about this Mormon newswoman's story at www.mormon.org/Anita3:34
Frank Manusetto's Brooklyn accent and Sicilian American attitude endear him to everyone. As a Mormon Vietnam war veteran, he gained a deep understanding that second chances are possible. See more at www.mormon.org/Frank4:14
Mormon researcher Ryan Watt's passion for finding a cure for Alzheimer's, Lou Gehrig's, and Parkinson's diseases is personal. It’s fueled by his family and his belief in Jesus Christ. Read more at www.mormon.org/Ryanwatts3:25 | {
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Q:
What is an etoken?
I need to write a code to check the validity of the digital certificate present in an etoken.
I am not familiar with etokens. Can anyone please answer my following questions,
How to access the digital certificate content from etoken?
Can we access the private key stored in etoken?
When we plug the etoken to an computer then does it copy the digital certificate on the computer or not? If yes then where does it copy it?
I need to write C++ program for the same. Can we use Cryptographic API's (like CrypImportKey() CryptExportKey() ) provided by Microsoft for the above requirement?
A:
"etoken" was the name of one of first USB cryptotokens produced by Aladdin. What you are asking for is usually referred to as security token. This is a hardware device with it's own memory, in which certificates and private keys are stored.
Tokens need drivers to be installed in order to work properly. The driver set includes implementation of CSP (Cryptographic Service Provider) for CryptoAPI. CSP does the job of presenting certificates, stored in the token, to CryptoAPI. To answer your questions:
Via CryptoAPI or PKCS#11 interface (drivers for both are supplied by the vendor).
You can perform certain operations with the private key by calling the appropriate API. But the key itself is not extractable.
I can't say for sure but for me it looks like certificates are copied to in-memory certificate store for speed of operations.
| {
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
FILED
September 1, 1999
MICKEY A. BROWN, ) Cecil Crowson, Jr.
) Appellate Court Clerk
Petitioner/Appellant, )
) Appeal No.
) 01-A-01-9808-CH-00437
VS. )
) Davidson Chancery
) No. 97-2957-III
TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF )
CORRECTION, )
)
Respondent/Appellee. )
APPEALED FROM THE CHANCERY COURT OF DAVIDSON COUNTY
AT NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE
THE HONORABLE ELLEN HOBBS LYLE, CHANCELLOR
MICKEY A. BROWN
#130138
Northeast Correctional Center
P. O. Box 5000
Mountain City, Tennessee 37683
Pro Se/Petitioner/Appellant
PAUL G. SUMMERS
Attorney General and Reporter
MICHAEL L. HAYNIE
Assistant Attorney General
425 Fifth Avenue North
Nashville, Tennessee 37243-0488
Attorney for Respondent/Appellee
AFFIRMED AND REMANDED
BEN H. CANTRELL,
PRESIDING JUDGE, M.S.
CONCUR:
KOCH, J.
CAIN, J.
OPINION
A Tennessee prison inmate filed a Petition for a Declaratory Judgment,
insisting that he was entitled to be immediately released because of the earlier
expiration of a concurrent Florida sentence. The trial court dismissed the petition for
failure to state a claim. We affirm.
I.
Mickey Brown was serving a 30-year sentence in a Florida prison. In
1985, he was extradited to Tennessee to face charges related to an incident that had
occurred in 1979 (the record does not reveal whether he was on parole at the time of
the 1979 offense). Pursuant to a plea agreement, he pled guilty to assault with intent
to commit murder, and was sentenced to twenty years in prison, with the sentence to
be served concurrently with his Florida sentence.
The Tennessee sentence was ordered to begin on the day he signed the
plea agreement, July 26, 1985. Mr. Brown was returned to Florida to continue serving
both sentences. When the Florida sentence expired on December 3, 1991, Mr. Brown
was returned to Tennessee to serve out the remainder of his twenty year sentence.
On September 3, 1997, Mr. Brown petitioned the Department of
Correction for a declaratory order, asking to be released from custody. He argued
that it was a violation of his plea agreement for Tennessee to imprison him after he
had completed his Florida sentence. The petition was denied.
He then filed a Petition for Declaratory Judgment in the Chancery Court
of Davidson County, pursuant to Tenn. Code Ann. § 4-5-225. The court found his
-2-
arguments to be without merit, and on May 26, 1998, it dismissed the petition for
failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. This appeal followed.
II.
Mr. Brown has raised only one issue on appeal: whether his 20-year
Tennessee sentence automatically expired on December 3, 1991, when his 30-year
Florida sentence expired. Though he divides this issue into three sub-issues, Mr.
Brown’s entire argument hangs on the slender thread of a definition of “concurrent
sentences” that is found in both the Fifth and Sixth Editions of Black’s Law Dictionary
(1979 and 1990 respectively) as follows:
“Two or more terms of imprisonment, all or part of each term
is served simultaneously and the prisoner is entitled to
discharge at the expiration of the longest term specified.”
Black’s Law Dictionary is a valuable tool for understanding the law, and
is frequently cited by our courts. A computer search done in preparation for writing
this opinion turned up 211 published Tennessee cases in which the phrase “Black’s
Law Dictionary” appears.
However the definitions found in that work are not binding on the courts.
In this case it appears to us that the editors of the above-mentioned editions of Black’s
have gone beyond the generally accepted definition of concurrent sentences, which
is found in other scholarly works. For instance, in Ballentine’s Law Dictionary (3rd Ed.
1969) such sentences are defined simply as “sentences of imprisonment for crime in
which the time of each is to run concurrently with the others, and not seriatim.” See
also Words and Phrases (1983), A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage (2d Ed. 1995).
-3-
The definition Mr. Brown relies upon refers us to the case of Lillemoe v.
Tahash, 159 N.W.2d 99 (Minn. 1968).1 Interestingly, the Lillimoe case did not involve
concurrent sentencing at all, as Mr. Lillemoe’s two five-year terms were to be served
consecutively. However, in the context of a discussion of the difference between
consecutive sentencing (in which one sentence begins when another ends) and
concurrent sentencing, the court did state that in concurrent sentencing, the sentence
expires at the termination of the longer of two terms, 159 N.W.2d at 102. We regard
this statement as pure dicta, since it was not relevant to the issues before the court.
We do not deny that when two concurrent sentences of different lengths
begin at the same time, and are served under the same sentence calculation scheme,
release can be reliably expected to occur upon the expiration of the longer sentence.
But when two such sentences begin at different times, the result can be different. We
note, however, that in almost all cases the prisoner will receive a distinct advantage
from serving his sentences concurrently rather than consecutively, even when the
sentences do not begin at the same time.
The appellee has directed our attention to a Colorado case that nicely
summarizes the commonly understood meaning of concurrent sentences:
“When two sentences run concurrently, it merely means that,
for each day in custody while serving both sentences, the
inmate receives credit toward each sentence. Concurrent
sentences do no necessarily begin and end at the same time
-- they simply run together during the time they overlap.”
Bullard v. Department of Corrections, 949 P.2d 999, 1002 (Colo. 1997).
1
A cite for the ca se of United States v. Montemayor, 703 F.2d 109 (5th Circuit 1983) also
accompanies the definition Mr. Brown relies upon, but nothing in that case is relevant to the question
of the expiration of concurrent sentences.
-4-
In the Bullard case, the court also noted that the termination of the first
sentence has no effect on the unserved part of the second sentence. 949 P.2d at
1003. We believe that this is the correct interpretation.
III.
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed. Remand this cause to the
Chancery Court of Davidson County for further proceedings consistent with this
opinion. Tax the costs on appeal to the appellant.
_________________________________
BEN H. CANTRELL,
PRESIDING JUDGE, M.S.
CONCUR:
_____________________________
WILLIAM C. KOCH, JR., JUDGE
_____________________________
WILLIAM B. CAIN, JUDGE
-5-
| {
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
} |
In order to better serve our overseas consumers, My Brands is pleased to announce a new partnership with MyUS.com to offer convenient, fast, and trackable international shipping to more than 225 countries. MyUS.com members receive deeply discounted shipping rates, exceptional customer service, 24/7 online access to their account, and access to other services.
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B & M Baked Beans and Brown Bread
Delicious B&M beans are slow-baked in brick ovens for hours. Their baking method produces beans with a perfect texture and deep flavor unlike any others. Wholesome and healthful, B&M beans are sweetened with molasses and cane sugar, are an excellent source of fiber and 99% Fat Free. With B&M, you'll ejoy every spoonfull!
Bundles Offered by this Brand
My Brands is working with Playtex Baby to continue to provide the Ventaire Standard Bottle in both the 6 and 9 oz size. These have been pulled from retailers and for moms who may have used this bottle in the past with success, they have become harder to find. Until now! | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Ethical issues raised by thyroid cancer overdiagnosis: A matter for public health?
Current practices of identifying and treating small indolent thyroid cancers constitute an important but in some ways unusual form of overdiagnosis. Overdiagnosis refers to diagnoses that generally harm rather than benefit patients, primarily because the diagnosed condition is not a harmful form of disease. Patients who are overdiagnosed with thyroid cancer are harmed by the psycho-social impact of a cancer diagnosis, as well as treatment interventions such partial or total thyroidectomy, lifelong thyroid replacement hormone, monitoring, surgical complications and other side effects. These harms seem to outweigh any putative benefit of knowing about a cancer that would not have caused problems if left undiscovered. In addition to harms to patients, thyroid cancer overdiagnosis leads to significant opportunity costs at a societal level, due to costs of diagnosis and treatment. Unlike many other overdiagnosed cancers, accurate risk stratification is possible with thyroid cancer. At the individual patient level, use of this risk information might support informed choice and/or shared decision-making, as mandated by clinical ethics frameworks. And this approach might, to some extent, help to reduce rates of diagnosis and intervention. In practice, however, it is unlikely to stem the rising incidence and associated harms and costs of overdiagnosed thyroid cancer, especially in situations where health professionals have conflicts of interest. We argue in this article that thyroid cancer overdiagnosis may be usefully understood as a public health problem, and that some public health approaches will be readily justifiable and are more likely to be effective in minimising its harms. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 552
This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 552 (2007-2008) of the United States Reports:
Board of Ed. of City School Dist. of N.Y. v. Tom F., (per curiam)
Allen v. Siebert, (per curiam)
CSX Transp., Inc. v. Georgia State Bd. of Equalization,
Logan v. United States,
Gall v. United States,
Watson v. United States,
Kimbrough v. United States,
Arave v. Hoffman, (per curiam)
Wright v. Van Patten, (per curiam)
John R. Sand & Gravel Co. v. United States,
Stoneridge Inv. Partners, LLC v. Scientific-Atlanta, Inc.,
Knight v. Commissioner,
N.Y. State Bd. of Elections v. Lopez Torres,
Ali v. Federal Bureau of Prisons,
LaRue v. DeWolff, Boberg & Associates, Inc.,
Danforth v. Minnesota,
Riegel v. Medtronic, Inc.,
Preston v. Ferrer,
Rowe v. New Hampshire Motor Transp. Assn.,
Sprint/United Management Co. v. Mendelsohn,
Federal Express Corp. v. Holowecki,
Boulware v. United States,
Warner-Lambert Co. v. Kent,
Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Party,
Snyder v. Louisiana,
Medellín v. Texas,
Hall Street Associates, L. L. C. v. Mattel, Inc.,
New Jersey v. Delaware,
External links
Category:2007 in United States case law
Category:2008 in United States case law | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing faster in children < age 6 than other groups. T1D care for very young children (YC-T1D) is very challenging due to their special behavioral, emotional, cognitive and physiological features. Also, it is difficult to minimize both hypo- and hyperglycemic exposure, yet both may affect cognitive sequelae. Parents of YC-T1D struggle to implement optimal T1D care, creating distress that takes a psychological toll on them. Parenting stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep deficiency have been associated with poorer T1D outcomes in this population. Since a trajectory of maladaptive coping with T1D may persist, it is critical to validate interventions that assist YC T1D parents in managing common T1D-related behavioral problems, resolving daily T1D hassles, cultivating healthy coping with T1D distress, and recruiting effective social supports. No rigorous trials of pertinent interventions have been done. Adequate social support enhances both psychological and physical health, but there are barriers to helping YC-T1D parents develop social support networks that offer timely, pertinent and helpful social supports. One possible mechanism for achieving this is through a carefully designed and constructed social media portal developed by and for YC-T1D parents with input from health care providers and application developers. We plan to accomplish this by drawing on crowdsourcing expertise provided by our partner, Appirio, Inc. Crowdsourcing is a flexible online activity that has been applied to diverse problems in many fields, including public health, that includes four elements: 1.) An organization that has a task it needs to be performed, (e.g., development of a social media resource by and for parents of YC-T1D); 2.) A community, the crowd, that agrees to perform the necessary tasks voluntarily (here parents of YC-T1D, T1D clinicians, and application developers); 3.) An online environment that facilitates this work by enabling collaboration between the crowd and the organization, (the infrastructure proposed here); and 4.) Mutual benefit for the organization and crowd members (better T1D outcomes for children and better quality of life for children and parents). We propose parent-driven design of a social media portal that will provide YC-T1D parents with timely, responsible, safe and effective support regarding parental management of common behavioral and affective barriers to effective T1D care in YC-T1D. We will then conduct a preliminary trial (completely in cyberspace) to yield data supporting a future multisite controlled trial of the effectiveness of ths social media resource. | {
"pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter"
} |
Sensing Self and Non-Self DNA by Innate Immune Receptors and Their Signaling Pathways.
The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense to protect the host from pathogen infection. As a first step, the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as non-self DNA derived from pathogens, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as self DNA released from damaged or injured cells. Sensing of such DNAs elicits innate immune responses through the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines resulting from the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), respectively. These cytokines are key players in interlinking innate and adaptive immune responses. However, defects in DNA sensors and their signaling cascades lead to dysregulation of immune responses, autoimmune diseases, and cancer progression. Here we provide an update on DNA signaling pathways in response to pathogen infection and cell injury, and on the roles of regulators in governing the immune system and maintaining host homeostasis. We also discuss the evasion of immunosurveillance by pathogens. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
This non-provisional application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) to Korean Patent Application No. 2003-90309 filed on Dec. 11, 2003, which is herein incorporated by reference. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
Not known Facts About Tax Consultancy Services Lebanon
Not known Facts About Tax Consultancy Services Lebanon
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The Take note is accompanied by a panel discussion during which experts within the consulting industry participated.
Whilst specialists may be simpler to find, management consultancies have received challenging-fought positive aspects in resolving specific styles of challenges.
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Like a number of other big corporations of some time, American Typical was associated with dozens of various businesses, and it was not possible for any government to take care of a complete idea of each. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Swiss propose making foreigners sell homes when they leave
ZURICH, March 10 (Reuters) - The Swiss government proposed on Friday making non-EU foreigners sell their homes when they leave the country, prompting resistance from the real estate sector.
More than three decades after Switzerland liberalised property purchases for foreigners, and amid concern that foreign demand helps drive up prices, the cabinet said it was time to update the law to close loopholes and improve enforcement.
It suggested requiring citizens from countries outside the European Union plus Liechtenstein, Iceland and Norway to get permission to buy main residences in Switzerland.
“Permits should always be linked to the duty to sell the home again as soon as residence in Switzerland is relinquished,” the government said, as it opened a period of public comment before sending draft legislation to parliament.
It also proposed tightening rules covering other types of property investment by foreigners.
A real-estate lobbying group called Lex Koller Remains Modern, a reference to the original law that opened the property market to foreigners, blasted the proposals as a “nonsensical tightening” of the rules.
These measures, if adopted, “would pose unacceptable disadvantages for property owners while exacerbating the situation on housing markets” it said in a statement, adding that parliament had already opposed similar changes in 2014.
The lobbying group said foreigners were not to blame for overly expensive or scarce residential housing. Rising demand in an increasingly prosperous society with smaller households and more immigrants was to blame for driving rental prices higher, it said.
A study by Credit Suisse this month concluded that rental prices are actually falling amid strong construction investment driven by negative Swiss interest rates. Prices of owner-occupied housing are no longer rising after a 14-year period of price growth ended late last year, the bank said. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Lewis Miller (Australian artist)
Lewis Miller (born 1959 in Melbourne, Australia) is an Australian painter and visual artist, known for his portraits and figurative works. His father Peter Miller was a painter in the social realist tradition. His sister Lisa Miller is an Australian singer-songwriter.
Lewis studied painting at the Victorian College of the Arts in Melbourne from 1977 to 1979, and then travelled to London, Europe and Malaysia. He held his first solo exhibition in 1986 and is represented in the National Gallery of Australia, state and private galleries. In 1998, he won the Archibald Prize, which brought him greater prominence and led to many further commissions. He has travelled widely, including to the US in 1998, 2000, 2003 and 2005.
In 2003 and 2005, Miller was commissioned to produce a series of portraits of the scientists and technicians involved in the mapping of the human genome.
His other commissioned portraits include Australian rules football coach Ron Barassi, mountaineer Sir Edmund Hillary and scientist James D. Watson. In 2003, he travelled to Iraq as Official Australian War Artist.
By 2005, he had entered the Archibald prize 17 times and had been a finalist 13 times. He was interviewed in the 2005 Peter Berner documentary Loaded Brush.
As of 2017, Miller has been a finalist in the Archibald prize 17 times.
Awards
1982 – Hugh Ramsay Portrait Prize
1998 – Archibald Prize – Portrait of Allan Mitelman No 3
2000 – Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sporting Portrait Prize – Ronald Dale Barassi
2017 – Rick Amor self-portrait prize
References
External links
Category:1959 births
Category:Living people
Category:Archibald Prize winners
Category:Australian painters
Category:Artists from Melbourne
Category:Victorian College of the Arts alumni
Category:Australian war artists
Category:20th-century war artists
Category:Archibald Prize finalists | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Tuesday, November 06, 2018
In the Short Run, Are We Also All Dead?
by Neil H. Buchanan
John Maynard Keynes famously wrote: "In the long run we are all dead." Although there have been plenty of bad-faith misreadings of that quote, the correct reading is actually quite simple. Keynes rejected the idea of causing millions of people to suffer in the here and now in the possibly vain hope that some economist's model of "long-run equilibrium" correctly predicts that such sacrifices (always to be paid by other people, of course) will pay huge dividends in the future.
More to the point, we cannot make our way to the long run if we all die in the short run.
In a sense, many of the arguments against Donald Trump have been arguments about a somewhat distant and uncertain future. Thus, my Verdict column on June 2, 2016 asked: "Is This the Beginning of the End of Constitutional Democracy in the U.S.?" My concern was not with the decades- or generations-long version of the long run that worried Keynes (although he was also worried about inflicting pain for years at a time with the promise of prosperity just around the corner), but it was still a dystopian prediction of something that might or might not happen and that would in any event take some time to play out.
In my latest Verdict column, published yesterday, I confront the reality that we have already reached the point where the dangers of Trump have become all too real and are no longer speculative. If the Democrats do not have a good day today, it might well be the end of the line for the American democratic experiment.
Yes, that sounds apocalyptic, yet it is difficult not to fear the worst. And it could still be awful even if the Republicans do lose today. Stay with me here.
Although the vast majority of people who were paying attention two years ago were certain that Trump would be a horrible president, there was at least a tiny possibility that he could have suddenly taken things seriously and become a leader. And if he instead did what people feared he would do, even many on the left assumed that enough Republicans in Congress were, deep in their hearts, true patriots that Trump would be contained and, if necessary, quickly removed from office.
That is why the stakes are now so immediate. There is now zero chance that the Republicans will stop Trump from doing his worst, and if they hold both houses of Congress and key governors' mansions today, they will set about doing everything they can to turn future elections into empty farces.
That is one possible short run: Republicans win and then immediately set about to complete their project of dismantling checks and balances, strangling free elections, ending independent law enforcement and intelligence gathering, turning the press into agents of government propaganda, and attacking free academic inquiry.
The problem is that the other possible short run looks rather awful, too. Washington Post columnist Paul Waldman points out that the Republicans will "lurch even further to the right," both because they will have lost their slightly-less-reactionary members and because Trump will conclude that he can win in 2020 by becoming even meaner and uglier than he was in 2016 or this year.
Meanwhile, New York Times columnist Paul Krugman works from the premise underlying an argument that I and others have been making -- that Trump might never leave office, because he and the Republicans will simply ignore the Constitution in order to stay in power -- and notes that we can with great certainty expect Trump and the Republicans to make all kinds of moves that ought to be unthinkable, but that they will readily embrace, in order to fight back against having lost.
Krugman warns that "anyone expecting Republicans to accept the result with good grace hasn’t
been paying attention. Remember, Donald Trump claimed — falsely, of
course — that millions of immigrants voted illegally in an election he won. Imagine what he’ll say if he loses, and what his supporters will do in response."
And right on cue, the top headline on The Post's home page as I write these words reads: "Without evidence, Trump and Sessions warn of voter fraud in Tuesday’s elections." Recall that Trump, during the final presidential debate in 2016, refused to say that he would accept the results of the election if he lost.
It is difficult to know exactly how he would have reacted to a loss in 2016, but it is highly likely that his most devoted fans would have taken to the streets, including his "Second Amendment people." Now, wielding the power of the presidency and backed by a fully radicalized Republican caucus (with supposed "grownups" like Lindsey Graham having gone full Trump, and supposed near-moderates like Marco Rubio and Susan Collins reliably going along), what will Trump do if they lose?
Most obviously, we can expect a barrage of lawsuits challenging every key Democratic win, with claims of voter fraud, election hacking (a specious accusation that the Republican candidate for governor of Georgia has already floated), and a kitchen sink of other accusations.
There were claims of voter fraud in New Hampshire in 2016, which ended up being a silly assertion that college students (who, it turned out, had legally registered and voted in the state) had been "bused in" to vote for Clinton. Expect more of those types of claims. And if Tennessee's Republican nominee to replace the useless Bob Corker loses, we can be sure that somehow Republicans will blame it on the tornadoes that hit there this morning.
It is not that Democrats would never challenge election irregularities, it is just that they have always accepted defeat when confronted with it, as Al Gore did in 2000. Republicans will fight until the bitter end and beyond, which means that we will at the very least soon be tracking a slew of spurious challenges that will muddy the waters at least until the new Congress is supposed to be sworn in.
Krugman goes on to say that "if and when a Democratic House tries to exercise its powers, you can be
sure it will be met with defiance, never mind what the Constitution says." This will surely include flat refusals to respond to congressional subpoenas, and it is also likely to include all kinds of abuses of executives powers.
Moreover, even if Republicans lose both houses of Congress today, they have an entire lame duck session in which to wreak havoc. Many readers might recall that Election Day 2016 included the good news that a "bathroom bill"-obsessed Republican lost the governor's race in North Carolina. The heavily gerrymandered state legislature quickly responded by stripping the governor's office of many of its most important powers; and because the Democrats had also won a majority in the state Supreme Court, the legislature stripped it of jurisdiction in some key areas of the law. Professor Dorf offered a helpful discussion of the federal constitutional issues raised by those actions.
What could Republicans at the federal level do on their way out the door? Consider Trump's never-released tax returns, which Democrats are hoping to pry loose as soon as they have regained some power. They would rely on section 6103(f)(1)
of the Internal Revenue Code, which allows the chair of the House Ways and Means
Committee to order the Secretary of the Treasury to "furnish such committee with any
return or return information specified in [the chair's] request."
Again, one possibility is that Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin could simply refuse to comply with the committee chair's request. But why stop there? I predict that the Republicans in the lame-duck session will pass the Presidential Privacy Protection Act, which Trump will sign in a triumphant campaign-style ceremony. That Act will repeal 6103(f)(1) and any other statutory means by which Democrats might legally compel Trump to provide documents, and it will add affirmative defenses to all such requests. For good measure, they will give the Supreme Court original and final jurisdiction over all such measures.
This is only the beginning of what Republicans will surely try to pull off if they lose today. We do not know how dead we will be in the short run, but even the best outcome will not feel much like a healthy life.
Notwithstanding all of this doom and gloom, I wish all Dorf on Law readers a ...
5 comments:
At 11:30 p.m. Trump has won. Yes, the partisan hacks at MSNBC are breaking their arms patting themselves on the back about the House, but the truth is Trump took his racist messge to Florida, Georgia, Ohio, Missouri, Texas and the racists came out and voted for the Republicans.
The nation is not ready to cede control from the white establishment, and may never be ready.
The House was basic sanity but needed more. Multiple races were longshots but needed to win one or two of them. The opponents were were trolls and the candidates in most cases - minus a couple Senate races - impressive. So, yes, I am not glad. I'm relieved and the power obtained including in NY needs to be used. But, it's depressing and disgusting some of these people won.
I see that Stacey Abrams did not concede. Good for you -- even if she loses, the win for the troll won't be legitimate given his actions.
The House win is not nothing -- a charm there is that it includes places like Oklahoma so there is a nation-wide nature to the whole thing. The Senate was tough though I still find the number of losses depressing especially since we are dealing with some horrible pols here. Sen. Marsha Blackburn? It's TN, but come on.
NY is fully blue, so locally that's nice. There was also some notable ballot measures including regarding felony disenfrancisement. Since that very well probably gave Bush the presidency and in 2020 we can have another squeaker there, that can be big. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
The hexadecimal color code #01945c is a medium dark shade of green-cyan. In the RGB color model #01945c is comprised of 0.39% red, 58.04% green and 36.08% blue. In the HSL color space #01945c has a hue of 157.14 degrees, 98.66% saturation and 29.22% lightness. This color has an approximate wavelength of 521 nm.
Colors from Paint Charts / Paint Brands & Suppliers
The matching paint colors are listed in order of relevancy to the #01945c hex color code. Relevancy is determined by the average visual similarity of the top 4 related paints of each paint brand to the hex color #01945c. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Q:
Java Generics issue with wildcard, base class and sub class
I have something like:
List<? extends BaseClass> a = getMyList();
Any of the following two instructions are invalid, and the compiler says that it requires a "? extends BaseClass" as an argument.
a.add(new BaseClass());
a.add(new SubClass());
I guess the problem is that
How can this be solved?
A:
It should be List<? super BaseClass> a to add stuffs to it. You can only get stuffs from List<? extends BaseClass> a.
Take look at this What is PECS (Producer Extends Consumer Super)?.
A:
The problem is that the compiler has no way of determining the actual type of the list.
It could be that the type is SubClass, in which case you would not be allowed to add a BaseClass.
It could even be SubSubClass, meaning you couldn't add either BaseClass or SubClass.
However, this will compile:
List<BaseClass> a = getMyList();
a.add(new BaseClass());
a.add(new SubClass());
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Q:
Repast Simphony Projection customisation
I read in a book that a projection in Repast Simphony can be any user implementation of the Projection interface. I would like to create a custom projection but it looks more complicated that I expected.
Have any of you ever tried to create their own projection? If so, would it be possible for you to explain how to proceed please? Thank you.
A:
I think creating the Projection implementation should be fairly straightforward. However, it will not be integrated with the visualization architecture. So, your agents will be able to participate in the Projection but it will not be visualized.
If you implement a Class with the Projection interface and the ContextListener interface that should be enough. You can use the DefaultProjection as a starting point. Most, if not all, of the standard Projection hierarchies use the DefaultProjection as a starting point and their subclasses implement ContextListener. See AbstractGrid and ContextGrid, for example. The source should be useful as guide to implementation.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) is a highly prevalent disease with more than 200 million patients affected worldwide^[@CR1]^ with only half presenting exertional limb symptoms^[@CR2]^. The measurement of the ankle-brachial pressure index at rest (ABI) is the gold standard method for diagnosis of LEAD, with a value greater than 0.90 being considered normal^[@CR3],[@CR4]^. However, in some cases, ABI can be normal in spite of the presence of exertional limb symptoms. In these cases, international guidelines recommend to perform other tests, including exercise tests^[@CR3]--[@CR5]^.
Post-Exercise ABI decrease (Post-Exercise ABI \> 20% compared with baseline values or Post-Exercise pressure decrease \>30 mmHg) has been proposed by the American Heart Association (AHA) as a second line tool to diagnose LEAD^[@CR3]--[@CR5]^. However, several studies have questioned the validity of the cut-off values currently used^[@CR6]--[@CR9]^.
Exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure (Exercise TcPO2) is an alternative to Post-Exercise ABI to diagnose LEAD^[@CR8],[@CR10]--[@CR12]^. In the eighties, several groups have performed TcPO2 after exercise and during exercise without standardized methodology^[@CR13]--[@CR16]^. In 2003, Abraham and colleagues have proposed to perform Exercise TcPO2 with a standardized methodology (i.e. the places of the probe were defined, the room temperature was controlled and the duration of the pre-test heating period was defined)^[@CR10]^. This standardized methodology associated with the use of the delta from rest of oxygen pressure (DROP) cut-off has improved the reliability of this procedure that was confirmed by two studies^[@CR17],[@CR18]^. Finally, two different teams found similar cut-off values of the DROP^[@CR8],[@CR10],[@CR12],[@CR19]^.
Stivalet *et al*. have recently shown that Post-Exercise ABI and Exercise-TcPO2 have similar accuracies to diagnose LEAD in patients with a normal resting ABI using computed tomography angiography (CTA) as a reference^[@CR8]^. Indeed, the accuracy for the Post-exercise ABI was 67%\[53--78\] with a sensitivity of 71%\[48--89\] and specificity of 64%\[47--79\] whereas the accuracy of Exercise TcPO2 was 72%\[59--83\] with a sensitivity of 48%\[26--70%\]and a specificity of 85%\[70--94\]^[@CR8]^.
A recent study has suggested that discordance of diagnosis of LEAD (20.8%) exits between exercise tests (Exercise TcPO2 and post-exercise pressure measurement) and ABI at rest in patients with normal and abnormal ABI^[@CR20]^. However, there are several issues about the study: i) the authors did not detail how they did the pressure measurements at rest and after exercise; ii) they did not clarify if the ABI at rest was performed on the same day of the exercise tests; iii) they did not use the same exercise duration for the two exercise tests and, iv) they mixed the results of post-exercise ABI and post-exercise ankle pressure in the analyses. For all these reasons, additional study is required to assess the concordance between Exercise-TcPO2 and post-exercise pressure measurements in patients with exertional limb symptoms and normal ankle-brachial index (ABI).
Furthermore, although several studies have assessed the interest of exercise tests in suspected LEAD patients^[@CR10],[@CR12],[@CR21],[@CR22]^, no study has reported healthy subject results of exercise tests (Exercise TcPO2 and post-exercise ABI after a treadmill test (10% slope and 3.2 km/h)).
Therefore, the aims of this study were i) to assess the concordance of Post-Exercise ABI and Exercise-TcPO2 drops to diagnose LEAD in patients with exertional limb symptoms and normal resting ABI, ii) to define the variables associated independently with the discordance, and iii) to show exercise test results obtained in healthy subjects.
Results {#Sec2}
=======
Among 265 consecutive patients who visited the clinic for standard care, 96 patients with exertional limb symptoms and normal ABI (\>0.90) at rest on both limbs and who had performed both exercise tests were included (Fig. [1](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). Patient characteristics are presented in Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type="table"}. The average age and body mass index were 61 +/−13 years, 26.2 +/−4.5 kg/m^2^, respectively. In this population, median estimated walking distance was 500 m \[250--2500\]. Median maximal walking distance on treadmill was 258 m \[139--525\] and 213 m \[122--524\] for Exercise-TcPO2 and for Post-Exercise ABI, respectively (p \< 0.05). Mean heart rate before the first test (Exercise-TcPO2) was 76\[68--86\] beats per minute (bpm) and 81\[71--93\] bpm before the second test (Post-Exercise ABI) (p \< 0.05).Figure 1Diagram flow of the included population. Post-Exercise ABI means post-exercise ankle brachial index; Exercise-TcPO2 means exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurement.Table 1Characteristics of the population studied.Clinical characteristics*n* = 96Age, years61 ± 13Male sex, no. (%)73 (76%)Body mass index, kg/m^2^26.2 ± 4.5Comorbidities, (history of), no. (%) Smoker (current or former)76 (80%) Coronary disease25 (26%) Hypercholesterolemia58 (60%) Diabetes19 (20%) Peripheral artery disease\*23 (24%) Hypertension53 (55%) Stroke6 (6%)Current medications, no. (%) Statins49 (51%) Anti-coagulants11 (12%) Antiplatelet58 (60%) Others anticholesterolaemia1 (1%) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors24 (25%) Angiotensin II receptor antagonists14 (15%)Ankle brachial index at rest (right)1.05 \[0.97--1.14\]Ankle brachial index at rest (left)1.03 \[0.96--1.16\]Maximal walking distance self-reported, m500 \[250--2500\]Maximal treadmill walking distance (Exercise TcPO2), m258 \[139--525\]Maximal treadmill walking distance (Post-Exercise ABI), m213 \[122--524\]Results are presented mean ± standard deviation or median \[25th ;75th\], or number of observation (%). TcP02 = Transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurement. Post-Exercise ABI = Post-exercise ankle-brachial index. Peripheral artery disease\* means history of revascularization (bypass/angioplasty/stent).
In the suspected LEAD population, the mean post-exercise ABI for the symptomatic leg was 0.87 +/−0.32. The mean post-exercise ABI decrease for the symptomatic leg was 21.6%+/−20.2%. The maximum post-exercise increase for the symptomatic leg was 14.3% and the maximal post-exercise decrease was 66.3%. Regarding Exercise TcPO2 values, the mean right DROP was −13 +/−12 mmHg whereas the mean left DROP was −13 +/−13 mmHg. The lowest DROP value was −79 mmHg and the maximal DROP value was 11 mmHg.
Concordance between both tests {#Sec3}
------------------------------
The prevalence of LEAD based on Post-Exercise ABI decrease was 50% whereas the prevalence was 34% based on Exercise-TcPO2 results. The agreement between both tests was weak with only a fair rating with a *k* value of 0.23\[0.04--0.41\] (Table [2](#Tab2){ref-type="table"}). The characteristics of the concordant and discordant patients are presented in Table [3](#Tab3){ref-type="table"}. Figure [2](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"} depicts the results of both tests in the included population.Table 2Contingency table of both tests.Exercise TcPO2TotalDiseased\*Non diseasedPost-Exercise ABIDiseased\*\*222648Non diseased113748Total336396Exercise TcPO2 means exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure; Post-Exercise ABI means Post-exercise ankle-brachial index. \*Means delta from rest oxygen pressure ≤−15 mmHg. \*\* means Post-exercise ABI decrease ≥18.5%.Table 3Characteristics of the concordant and discordant patients.Clinical characteristicsConcordant n = 59Discordant n = 37P valueAge, years58 ± 1465 ± 10\<0.01Male sex, no. (%)43 (73%)30 (81%)0.36Body mass index, kg/m^2^26.0 ± 4.426.5 ± 4.80.62Comorbidities, (history of), no. (%) Smoker (current or former)45 (78%)31 (84%)0.39 Coronary disease11 (19%)14 (38%)\<0.05 Hypercholesterolemia32 (54%)26 (70%)0.12 Diabetes9 (15%)10 (27%)0.16 Peripheral artery disease\*10 (17%)13 (35%)0.04 Hypertension29 (49%)24 (65%)0.13 Stroke2 (4%)4 (11%)0.24Current medications, no. (%) Statins29 (49%)20 (54%)0.64 Anti-coagulants4 (7%)7 (19)0.10 Antiplatelet30 (51%)28 (76%)0.02 Others anticholesterolaemia1 (2%)0 (0%)1.00 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors12 (20%)12 (32%)0.18 Angiotensin II receptor antagonists8 (14%)6 (16%)0.72Ankle brachial index at rest (right)1.05 \[0.97--0.12\]1.05 \[0.98--1.15\]0.66Ankle brachial index at rest (left)1.04 \[0.98 ;1.16\]1.01 \[0.90--1.15\]0.51Maximal walking distance self-reported, m500 \[300--3000\]500 \[200--2500\]0.72Maximal treadmill walking distance (Exercise TcPO2), m243 \[121--525\]330 \[149--524\]0.68Maximal treadmill walking distance (Post-Exercise ABI), m166 \[107--524\]244 \[137--524\]0.49Results are presented mean ± standard deviation or median \[25th ;75th\], or number of observation (%). TcPO2 = Transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurement. Post-Exercise ABI = Post-exercise ankle-brachial index. Peripheral artery disease means history of revascularization (bypass/angioplasty/stent).Figure 2Results of Post-Exercise ABI and Exercise TcPO2 in patients with exertional limb symptoms and normal ABI (\>0.90). Horizontal line represents the cut-off value (DROP: delta from rest of oxygen pressure) of exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurement (−15 mmHg). Vertical line represents the cut-off value of Post-exercise ABI (ankle-brachial index) decrease (18.5%).
Variables associated with the discordance between the exercise tests {#Sec4}
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Variables tested in the univariate analysis are presented in Table [4](#Tab4){ref-type="table"}. Variables with a p value \< 0.20 that were considered for the step-by-step logistic regression were gender, age, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, coronary disease, stent in the lower limbs, coronary artery bypass graft. Step-by-step logistic regression found that the presence of a stent in the lower extremities (OR: 5.85 \[1.68;20.44; p \< 0.01\] and age (1.06 \[1.01;1.11\]; p \< 0.05) were the variables independently associated with the discordance in this population (Table [4](#Tab4){ref-type="table"}). Indeed, both tests had more risk to be discordant when a patient had an arterial stent or was old.Table 4Variables tested in the univariate and multivariate analysis.VariablesUnivariate analysisMultivariate analysisOdd ratio \[IC95%\]p valueOdd ratio \[IC95%\]p valueGender0.3619Women vs men0.63 \[0.23;1.71\]Age1.06 \[1.02;1.11\]0.00591.06 \[1.01;1.11\]0.0135BMI0.3470\[18.5--24.99\]kg/m^2^ vs \<18.5 kg/m^2^0.09 \[0.00;4.14\] ≥25 kg/m^2^ vs \<18.5 kg/m^2^0.14 \[0.00;6.13\]Diabetes vs no diabetes2.06 \[0.75;5.68\]0.1635Dyslipidemia vs no dyslipidemia1.99 \[0.83;4.77\]0.1206Hypertension va no hypertension1.91\[0.82;4.45\]0.1340Tobacco status0.3887 Former vs never1.88 \[0.60;5.88\] Active smoker vs never1.08 \[0.32;3.63\]Family history of cardiovascular diseases vs no history0.49 \[0.12;1.94\]0.3103History of sleep apnea disorder vs no history of sleep apnea disorder1.21 \[0.26;5.76\]0.8077History of lumbar spinal stenosis vs no lumbar spinal stenosis2.06 \[0.63;6.70\]0.2292History of myocardial infarction vs no history2.60 \[1.02;6.61\]0.0443Lower limb arterial stent vs no history6.60 \[1.94;22.49\]0.00265.85 \[1.68;20.44\]0.0056Coronary arterial bypass graft vs no coronary arterial bypass graft5.15 \[1.27;20.89\]0.0218Carotid artery surgery vs no carotid artery surgery3.31 \[0.29;37.90\]0.3352Maximal walking distance on treadmill for Exercise TcPO20.2637 \[120--200\]m vs ≤120 m2.50 \[0.63;9.90\] \[200--400\]m vs ≤120 m4.67 \[1.01;21.65\] \>400 m vs ≤120 m2.10 \[0.58;7.57\]Maximal walking distance on treadmill for Post exercise ABI0.2453 \[120--200\]m vs ≤120 m1.82 \[0.52;6.37\] \[200--400\]m vs ≤120 m4.53 \[1.06;19.41\] \>400 m vs ≤120 m1.89 \[0.60;5.97\]TcPO2 = Transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurement. Post-Exercise ABI = Post-exercise ankle-brachial index.
Results of the healthy subjects {#Sec5}
-------------------------------
We included 37 healthy subjects that walked 15 minutes on the treadmill without any symptoms. The mean age of the healthy population was 64 +/−6 years old. There was a majority of men (62%) and mean body mass index was 23.9 +/−3.0 kg/m^2^. None of them was active smoker.
In this population the mean right and left ABI at rest was 1.19 +/−0.07 and 1.18 +/−0.08 respectively. The mean post-exercise ABI for the right leg and the left leg was 1.17 +/−0.11 and 1.16 +/−0.11, respectively. The mean post-exercise ABI decrease for the right and left legs were 1.8%+/−9.2% to and 1.1%+/−9.6%, respectively. The maximum post-exercise increase for the right leg was 15.2% and the maximal post-exercise decrease was 23.3%. The maximum post-exercise increase for the left leg was 15.7% and the maximal post-exercise decrease was 22.0%. Two right legs and two left legs had a value lower than \>18.5% in this healthy population. Regarding Exercise TcPO2 values, the mean right DROP was −5 +/−3 mmHg whereas the mean left DROP was −6 +/−3 mmHg. The lowest DROP value was −13 mmHg in this healthy population and the maximal DROP value was 1 mmHg. No subject at the leg level had a DROP value lower or equal to −15 mmHg.
Discussion {#Sec6}
==========
Post-exercise pressures are key elements for the diagnosis of LEAD in patients with exertional limb symptoms and normal ABI as suggested by the international recommendations^[@CR3],[@CR5]^. One previous study has analyzed the concordance between exercise tests in a population of LEAD with or without abnormal ABI at rest^[@CR20]^. However, no study has specifically studied the concordance between exercise tests in patients with normal ABI at rest. A good concordance between tests would suggest the tests are interchangeable, whereas discordance would indicate that a specific test is more suited to a specific patient population. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the concordance between Post-exercise ABI and Exercise-TcPO2 in patients with exertional limb symptoms and normal ABI. This study has demonstrated that the concordance between two exercise tests is only fair implying that Post-Exercise ABI cannot be replaced by Exercise-TcPO2 and *vice-versa*.
Post-exercise ABI is the most widely used test in clinical routine when ABI is normal at rest. However, there are no guidelines on how to perform the measurement^[@CR23],[@CR24]^ and cut-off values have not yet reach consensus^[@CR7],[@CR8],[@CR23]^. Mahe *et al*. have shown that approximately 1 in 5 patients were classified differently depending on which of the two AHA criteria was used^[@CR7]^. Several authors have suggested that absolute Post-Exercise ABI decrease is less accurate than relative Post-Exercise ABI to diagnose LEAD^[@CR6],[@CR23]^. One of the main advantages of Post-exercise ABI is that it is inexpensive and easy to perform in a clinical setting. Conversely, exercise-TcPO2 requires expensive equipment and dedicated software to perform the test^[@CR21],[@CR25]^. Currently, only a few hospitals have this system available, although this may change in the near future as software to calculate the DROP freely available at no expense^[@CR25]^.
The results of the current study suggest that there is discordance between the two tests used to diagnose LEAD. Indeed, we found a discordance between post-exercise ABI decrease \>18.5% and the DROP value. This confirms previous results showing discrepancies between AHA post-exercise criteria and DROP value^[@CR20],[@CR26]^. Several points can explain these discrepancies as suggested by the logistic regression. Age is one of the variables associated independently with the discordance in the present study. As Post-exercise ABI measures the variation of blood pressure in the main arteries, unlike Exercise-TcPO2 which measures the variation of transcutaneous oxygen pressure at capillary level^[@CR5],[@CR27]^, arterial stiffness is a major source of error in ABI measurement. As shown in many studies, the main determinant of arterial stiffness is age^[@CR28],[@CR29]^. Thus, discordance being prominent among older patients suggests that the very nature of the parameter being measured can explain the discrepancies. Furthermore, the presence of a stent was also associated with a discrepancy between the two tests. Proportionally, more patients considered as LEAD patients using Post-Exercise ABI (38.5%) than patients considered as suffering from LEAD using Exercise TcPO2 (18.2%) had a medical history of lower limb arterial stenting. One explanation could be that post-exercise ABI is difficult to assess in patients who are more severely affected by arterial disease, as it is when measuring ABI at rest^[@CR30]^. Indeed, even with a marked on the skin it could be difficult to find the artery and detect arterial pressure^[@CR23],[@CR30]^, additional delay in the measurement potentially resulting in inaccuracy. Also, the presence of a stent means the presence of stenosis. Stenosis can be a cause of a drop of downstream perfusion and pressure. A decrease of blood perfusion would affect both measurements while a drop of downstream pressure would only affect ABI measurement. A decrease of downstream pressure while perfusion is preserved occurs when a collateral arterial network is present. Thus, the discrepancies observed among patients with a medical history of arterial stenting could be due to the presence or not of a collateral arterial network. Apart from the variables found by the logistic regression several points can also explain the discrepancies. First, Exercise-TcPO2 is a measurement during exercise whereas Post-exercise ABI is a measure after the end of exercise. It has been suggested in animals and humans that exercise training induces collateral vessel development and enlargement during exercise^[@CR31]--[@CR33]^. This might explain the lower prevalence of LEAD found with Exercise-TcPO2 than with Post-exercise ABI in this study. Second, the Clark electrode only allows a small area of skin oxygen pressure measurement. We cannot exclude that this small area might have been well perfused by a collateral or inversely might have been poorly perfused by a partially occluded vessel. Third, systemic hypoxemia can modify Exercise-TcPO2 results whereas this will have no impact on Post-exercise ABI^[@CR34],[@CR35]^. Additionally, several patients were closed to the cut-off values for Exercise-TcPO2 and Post-exercise ABI meaning that errors in diagnosis may be the consequence of each method precision.
The final interest of the present study is the results of the healthy subjects about Exercise-TcPO2 and Post-exercise ABI. Indeed, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that such results obtained with a treadmill test (3.2 km/h and 10% slope) that is currently used in clinical practice are presented. Using Post-exercise criterion, 4 legs out of 74 might be considered as positive for LEAD. However, it is important to underscore that the criterion of a post-exercise ABI decrease greater than 18.5% was validated in patients who experienced pain during walking that was not the case in these healthy subjects^[@CR8]^. Furthermore, none of these healthy subjects who walked for 15 minutes had a DROP value lower than −15 mmHg suggesting that the DROP value previously validated is accurate^[@CR8],[@CR10],[@CR12],[@CR19]^.
Limitations {#Sec7}
-----------
This study has several limitations. Firstly, the exercise tests were not randomized. This was due to time constraints during clinical practice. As a result, that rest conditions were not exactly the same in spite of the fact that the Post-exercise ABI walking test was performed after pain had disappeared and TcPO2 values had returned to baseline. Secondly, this study cannot confirm which test is the most accurate. Due to the fact that a disagreement of the magnitude detected was not expected, the computed tomography angiography data as a reference to determine tests accuracy was not acquired. Further work should be conducted to study this issue. Thirdly, it was not possible to assess the reliability of the tests in this study. We do not have our own reliability for the exercise tests but the intra-observer coefficient of variation (CV) for the ABI at rest in our vascular laboratory is 9.4% (typical error of the estimate is 0.06)^[@CR36]^. Furthermore, the reliability of the exercise tests has been previously reported by several studies: i) Van Langen *et al*. showed that the inter-observer variability of the post-exercise ABI was 21%^[@CR37]^; ii) intra-test and test-retest reliability of exercise TcPO2 using a similar protocol that we used has been reported by Abraham and colleagues as excellent^[@CR17],[@CR18]^. Indeed, the correlation coefficient between two tests was r^2^ = 0.80 at distal level and intra-class correlation coefficients for the intra test-reliability and test-retest reliability were 0.920\[0.846--0.967\] and 0.807\[0.723--0.868\] respectively^[@CR17],[@CR18]^.
Conclusion {#Sec8}
==========
This study suggests that Post-Exercise ABI and Exercise-TcPO2 are not equivalent tests. The utility of each test in the management of LEAD must be defined in future studies.
Methods {#Sec9}
=======
Ethical standards {#Sec10}
-----------------
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for its integrity and the data analysis.
Study design and populations {#Sec11}
----------------------------
Suspected lower extremity artery disease patients with normal ABI at rest and exertional limb symptoms:
This is a prospective, monocentric study on consecutive patients referred to the vascular unit of University Hospital, Rennes, France for exertional limb symptoms and normal ABI (\>0.90).
The study was conducted from May 2016 to May 2019 and approved by an institutional review board (IRB). All participants gave written informed consent. The study protocol conforms to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki. The Exercise PAD study was registered with the American National Institutes of Health database under reference n° NCT03186391.
Healthy subjects {#Sec12}
----------------
Healthy subjects were analyzed to present the physiologic range of the responses of exercise tests. Subjects were contacted in our healthy database. To be included healthy subjects had to be able to complete a 15-minute walk on a treadmill (3.2 km/h, 10% slope) without any symptom. Exclusion criteria were:
-ABI \< 1.00 or \>1.40
-Presence of hypertension, heart failure, angina pectoris, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, supported by the presence of a medical treatment and the medical history;
-Presence of conditions likely to cause a functional limitation in walking and/or significant modification of physiological responses to the exercise: current or former smoker from less than 6 months, cancer (ongoing), Parkinson's disease, renal failure (ongoing), supported by the presence of a medical treatment and the medical history.
-History of cardiovascular disease (heart failure, stroke, myocardial infarction) reported by the patient.
The part of this study including healthy subjects was conducted between January 2019 and December 2019 and approved by an institutional review board (CPP Ouest II- Angers, France). All participants gave written informed consent. The study protocol conforms to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki. The ELECTROPAD study was registered with the American National Institutes of Health database under reference n° NCT 03795103.
Patient demographic characteristics {#Sec13}
-----------------------------------
Variables collected included age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, comorbidities, and medications (statins, anti-hypertension treatment, antiplatelet, antidiabetic oral treatment or insulin).
ABI measurement {#Sec14}
---------------
After careful clinical evaluation, a measurement of ABI was performed according to AHA recommendations using a hand-held Doppler probe (8 MHz; Basic Atys Medical, Soucieu en Jarrest, France) by a trained vascular medicine physician^[@CR4]^, with the exception of brachial blood pressures being measured using an automated oscillometric blood pressure monitor (Carescape Dinamap V100; GE Healthcare) in order to have the same procedure to measure the pressures at rest and after exercise and ensure almost simultaneous measures of upper and lower limb pressures^[@CR8]^. The patient was at rest for 10 minutes in the supine position, relaxed, head and heels supported, in a temperature controlled room (21 °C)^[@CR30]^. The following counterclockwise sequence was used: right brachial artery, right posterior tibial artery, right dorsalis pedis artery, left posterior tibial artery, left dorsalis pedis artery, left brachial artery, and right brachial artery. The ABI was calculated by dividing the highest pressure of the limb (dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial pressures) by the highest arm pressure as recommended^[@CR4],[@CR30]^.
Treadmill test {#Sec15}
--------------
A treadmill test (3.2 km/h, 10% slope) was used for both the Exercise-TcPO2, which was performed first, and for the Post-Exercise ABI measurements as previously described by Stivalet and colleagues^[@CR8]^. A minimum of 10 minutes was required between the two exercise tests. The patients were asked to inform the physician when and where (buttock, thigh, calf or other) the pain appeared^[@CR8]^. Exercise was stopped for both studies according to patient limitation or up to a maximal distance of 525 m (over a period of 10 minutes)^[@CR8]^.
Exercise-TcPO2 test {#Sec16}
-------------------
Measurement of TcPO2 was performed using calibrated TcPO2 electrodes (TCOM/TcPO2; PF 6000TcPO2/CO2 Unit; Perimed; Jarfalla, Sweden). A reference electrode (chest electrode) was placed between the scapulae to measure systemic changes in TcPO2 during exercise^[@CR10]--[@CR12],[@CR21]^. One electrode was positioned on each calf. The measurement from the TcPO2 electrodes were used to calculate the Delta from Resting Oxygen Pressure (DROP) index, which was expressed in mmHg, and was the absolute change in TcPO2 from resting value in each of the 2 limb electrodes corrected for the absolute change in TcPO2 at the chest electrode. DROP was recorded in real time by the in-house Oxymonitor (version 2019.01.05) free Software ([https://imagemed.univ-rennes1.fr/en/oxymonitor/download.php](https://imagemed.univ-rennes1.fr/fr/oxymonitor/download)) as previously described^[@CR8],[@CR25]^. As defined in previous studies, we considered a DROP ≤ −15 mmHg accurate to diagnose arterial stenoses of ≥50% assessed by computed tomography angiography (CTA) as a gold standard^[@CR8],[@CR10],[@CR12]^.
Post-exercise ABI {#Sec17}
-----------------
Two trained physicians performed these measurements: one at the brachial level with the automatic blood pressure device (Carescape Dinamap V100; GE Healthcare) and one at the limb level with the handheld Doppler. Post-Exercise brachial pressure was assessed on the same artery as it was for the ABI measurement at rest. When the resting ABI was measured, a black pen was used to mark the skin area where the highest limb pressure had been recorded with a hand-held Doppler^[@CR23],[@CR27]^ in order to shorten the measurement process post exercise. As defined in our previous study, we considered Post-exercise ABI decrease ≥18.5% accurate to diagnose arterial stenoses of ≥50% assessed by computed tomography angiography (CTA) as a gold standard^[@CR8]^.
Statistical analyses {#Sec18}
--------------------
### Data analysis {#Sec19}
Continuous variables were described as mean ± standard deviation (sd) or median and interquartile range (IQR) values, and categorical variables were expressed as numbers (percentages). Baseline characteristics were compared between groups using *t*-test or U Mann-Whitney for quantitative variables, and chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test were used for qualitative variables, depending on the distribution. Analysis was performed per patient, rather than per limb and only the symptomatic leg was included in the analysis. In case of both limbs symptomatic, the most symptomatic was analyzed. The concordance between Exercise-TcPO2 and Post-exercise ABI was assessed using the Kappa coefficient with a confidence interval of 95%. The Landis and Koch interpretation of kappa values was used: 0.21--0.40: fair; 0.41--0.60: moderate, 0.61--0.80: substantial; \>0.80: almost perfect^[@CR38]^. Logistic univariate regressions were performed first to define the variables independently associated with the discordance. Then variables with p value \<0.20 were included in multivariate analysis. A backward stepwise procedure was used. A significance threshold of 0.05 was used in all statistical tests. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.4 software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) (<https://www.sas.com/en_us/home.html>).
**Publisher's note** Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
These authors contributed equally: G. Mahé and F. Catillon.
Several parts of the method section of this manuscript are similar to method sections described in our previous studies^8,11,12^.
A.L.F. and G.M.: Conception and design of the protocol. F.C., Q.T., P.J., A.G., G.L., L.O. and G.M.: Data Acquisition. G.M., F.C. and E.L.P.: Data Analysis and writing the report. G.M., F.C. and A.L.F.: Data interpretation and drafted the work. Each author revised the report and approved the submitted version of the manuscript. Each author has agreed both to be personally accountable for the author's own contributions and to ensure that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work, even ones in which the author was not personally involved, are appropriately investigated, resolved, and the resolution documented in the literature.
The authors declare no competing interests.
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
"""
Some useful decorators
"""
import sys
import types
import time
from functools import wraps
from zope.interface import implementedBy, classImplements
from decorator import FunctionMaker
from inspect import getmembers, ismethod, isfunction, isclass, getargspec, formatargspec, getmro
# this decorator is based on a code snippet by vegaseat at daniweb.
# See http://www.daniweb.com/code/snippet216689.html
def print_timing(func):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
t1 = time.time()
res = func(*args, **kwargs)
t2 = time.time()
print '%s took %0.3f ms' % (func.func_name, (t2-t1)*1000.0)
return res
return wrapper
# not a decorator
def forwarder(cls, fnc, delegatename):
"""Returns a method that forwards calls on the scoping object to calls
on the delegate object. The signature of the delegate method is preserved
in the forwarding method.
"""
fname = fnc.__name__
spec = getargspec(fnc)
sig = formatargspec(*spec)
body = 'return self.%s.%s(%s)' % (delegatename, fname, ','.join(spec[0][1:]))
f = FunctionMaker.create('%s%s' % (fname,sig), body, {}, defaults=spec[3],
doc=fnc.__doc__)
return types.MethodType(f, None, cls)
# not a decorator
def replace_funct(fnc, body):
"""Returns a function with a new body that replaces the given function. The
signature of the original function is preserved in the new function.
"""
fname = fnc.__name__
spec = getargspec(fnc)
sig = formatargspec(*spec)
return FunctionMaker.create('%s%s' % (fname,sig), body, {}, defaults=spec[3],
doc=fnc.__doc__)
def stub_if_missing_deps(*deps):
"""A class decorator that will try to import the specified modules and in
the event of failure will stub out the class, raising a RuntimeError that
explains the missing dependencies whenever an attempt is made to
instantiate the class.
deps: str args
args in deps may have the form a.b.c or a.b.c:attr, where attr would be
searched for within the module a.b.c after a.b.c is successfully imported.
"""
def _find_failed_imports():
failed = []
for dep in deps:
parts = dep.split(':')
modname = parts[0]
attrname = parts[1] if len(parts)>1 else None
try:
__import__(modname)
except ImportError as err:
failed.append(str(err).split()[-1])
continue
if attrname and not hasattr(sys.modules[modname], attrname):
failed.append('.'.join([modname, attrname]))
return failed
def _stub_if_missing(obj):
failed = _find_failed_imports()
if failed:
if isclass(obj):
def _error(obj, *args, **kwargs):
msg = "The %s class depends on the following modules or attributes which were not found on your system: %s"
raise RuntimeError(msg % (obj.__name__, failed))
obj.__new__ = staticmethod(_error)
elif isfunction(obj):
body = "raise RuntimeError(\"The %s function depends on the following modules or attributes which were not found on your system: %s\")"
return replace_funct(obj, body % (obj.__name__, failed))
return obj
return _stub_if_missing
def add_delegate(*delegates):
"""A class decorator that takes delegate classes or (name,delegate) tuples as
args. For each tuple, an instance with the given name will be created in the
wrapped ``__init__`` method of the class. If only the delegate class is provided,
then the instance created in the wrapped ``__init__`` method will be named using
an underscore (_) followed by the lower case name of the class. All of the public
methods from the delegate classes will be added to the class
unless there is an attribute or method in the class with the same name. In that
case the delegate method will be ignored.
"""
def init_wrapper(cls, delegate_class_list):
"""Returns a function that calls the wrapped class' __init__ function
and then creates an instance of each delegate class in delegate_class_list.
"""
fnc = cls.__init__
spec = getargspec(fnc)
sig = formatargspec(*spec)
template = ["if not hasattr(self, '_delegates_'): self._delegates_ = {}"]
for name, delegate in delegate_class_list:
template.append('self.%s = %s(self)' % (name, delegate.__name__))
template.append("self._delegates_['%s'] = self.%s" % (name,name))
template.append('old_init__(%s)' % ','.join(spec[0]))
f = FunctionMaker.create('__init__%s' % sig, '\n'.join(template),
dict([(c.__name__,c) for n,c in delegate_class_list]+
[('old_init__',fnc)]),
doc=fnc.__doc__, defaults=spec[3])
return types.MethodType(f, None, cls)
def _add_delegate(cls):
"""Returns the given class, updated with a new __init__ function that wraps the
old one and adds instantiation of the delegate, and adds new member functions
that match the public members in the delegate class. Any public members in the
delegate that have a name matching anything in the scoping object are ignored.
"""
member_set = set()
for klass in getmro(cls):
member_set.update(klass.__dict__.keys())
listofdels = []
for tup in delegates:
if isinstance(tup, tuple):
delegatename, delegate = tup
else: # assume no name given
delegate = tup
delegatename = None
if not isinstance(delegate, type):
raise TypeError("Can't add delegate to class %s because delegate is not a class"%
cls.__name__)
if not delegatename:
delegatename = '_%s' % delegate.__name__.lower()
listofdels.append((delegatename, delegate))
alldict = {}
for interface in implementedBy(delegate):
classImplements(cls, interface)
for klass in getmro(delegate):
if hasattr(klass, '_do_not_promote'):
skip = klass._do_not_promote
else:
skip = []
for k,v in getmembers(klass, ismethod):
if not k.startswith('_') and k not in alldict and k not in member_set and k not in skip:
member_set.add(k)
setattr(cls, k, forwarder(cls, v, delegatename))
cls.__init__ = init_wrapper(cls, listofdels)
return cls
return _add_delegate
def function_accepts(exception,**types):
"""Decorator that lets you define what the types
are accepted by a function.
Provides a standard way to generate error messages that are useful
to the user
"""
def check_accepts(f):
assert len(types) == f.func_code.co_argcount, \
"accept number of arguments not equal with function "
"number of arguments in '%s'" % f.func_name
def new_f(*args, **kwds):
argument_types = ", ".join( "%s=%s" %(v,t) for v,t in types.items() )
for i,v in enumerate(args):
if types.has_key(f.func_code.co_varnames[i]) and \
not isinstance(v, types[f.func_code.co_varnames[i]]):
raise exception("Function argument '%s' with a "
"value of %r does not match the allowed "
"types %s. \n The arguments "
"of this function have allowed types of %s" % \
(f.func_code.co_varnames[i],v,
types[f.func_code.co_varnames[i]],argument_types))
del types[f.func_code.co_varnames[i]]
for k,v in kwds.iteritems():
if types.has_key(k) and not isinstance(v, types[k]):
raise exception("Function argument '%s' with a "
"value of %r does not match one of the allowed "
"types %s. \n The arguments "
"of this function have allowed types of %s" % \
(k,v,types[k],argument_types))
return f(*args, **kwds)
new_f.func_name = f.func_name
return new_f
return check_accepts
def method_accepts(exception,**types):
"""Decorator that lets you define what the types
are accepted by a method.
Provides a standard way to generate error messages that are useful
to the user
"""
def check_accepts(f):
assert ( len(types) + 1 ) == f.func_code.co_argcount, \
"method_accept number of arguments not equal with "
"function number of arguments in '%s'" % f.func_name
@wraps(f)
def new_f(*args, **kwds):
argument_types = ", ".join( "%s=%s" %(v,t) for v,t in types.items() )
for i,v in enumerate(args): # no need to check self argument
if i == 0 : continue
if types.has_key(f.func_code.co_varnames[i]) and \
not isinstance(v, types[f.func_code.co_varnames[i]]):
raise exception("Method argument '%s' with a "
"value of %r does not match the "
"allowed types %s. \n The "
"arguments of this method have "
"allowed types of %s" % \
(f.func_code.co_varnames[i],v,types[f.func_code.co_varnames[i]],argument_types))
del types[f.func_code.co_varnames[i]]
for k,v in kwds.iteritems():
if types.has_key(k) and not isinstance(v, types[k]):
raise exception("Method argument '%s' with a "
"value of %r does not match one "
"of the allowed types %s. \n The "
"arguments of this method have allowed types of %s" % \
(k,v,types[k],argument_types))
return f(*args, **kwds)
new_f.func_name = f.func_name
return new_f
return check_accepts
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
With her authoritative hits and digs, Capra led the Warriors with 17 kills. Sophomore setter Carolyn Allen provided the setup with 20 assists and a few kills of her own.
John Paul II (15-14) tried to use its solid defense in hopes of forcing errors during long rallies. But it proved no match for Seven Rivers' aggressive attack.
The Warriors (23-6) quickly took control in Game 1 with a 10-3 lead. John Paul II slowly crept back within one at the 16-15 mark, but could never take the lead. Two consecutive Kenzie Rowda aces gave Seven Rivers a 23-17 lead. A Chelsea Ebert dig helped the Warriors earn their next point, which Capra followed with a resounding kill to end the game.
John Paul II proved tougher in Game 3, taking an early 9-2 lead. Four times the teams tied, but after John Paul II's Kelly Forsthoefel hit into the net to give Seven Rivers a 16-15 lead, Capra took over. She added her last five kills and a Green ace to set up the final point. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
#
# DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS HEADER.
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2017 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
#
# The contents of this file are subject to the terms of either the GNU
# General Public License Version 2 only ("GPL") or the Common Development
# and Distribution License("CDDL") (collectively, the "License"). You
# may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can
# obtain a copy of the License at
# https://oss.oracle.com/licenses/CDDL+GPL-1.1
# or LICENSE.txt. See the License for the specific
# language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
#
# When distributing the software, include this License Header Notice in each
# file and include the License file at LICENSE.txt.
#
# GPL Classpath Exception:
# Oracle designates this particular file as subject to the "Classpath"
# exception as provided by Oracle in the GPL Version 2 section of the License
# file that accompanied this code.
#
# Modifications:
# If applicable, add the following below the License Header, with the fields
# enclosed by brackets [] replaced by your own identifying information:
# "Portions Copyright [year] [name of copyright owner]"
#
# Contributor(s):
# If you wish your version of this file to be governed by only the CDDL or
# only the GPL Version 2, indicate your decision by adding "[Contributor]
# elects to include this software in this distribution under the [CDDL or GPL
# Version 2] license." If you don't indicate a single choice of license, a
# recipient has the option to distribute your version of this file under
# either the CDDL, the GPL Version 2 or to extend the choice of license to
# its licensees as provided above. However, if you add GPL Version 2 code
# and therefore, elected the GPL Version 2 license, then the option applies
# only if the new code is made subject to such option by the copyright
# holder.
#
# Wrapped into an Exception. Not concatenated with any other string.
NOT_MARSHALLABLE = impossibile eseguire il marshalling del parametro dell'oggetto di cui eseguire il marshalling ()
# Not concatenated with any other string (written on a separate line).
UNSUPPORTED_RESULT = parametro javax.xml.parser.transform.Result non supportato
# Not concatenated with any other string (written on a separate line).
UNSUPPORTED_ENCODING = codifica non supportata: {0}
ILLEGAL_PARAMETER = Parametro "{0}" non valido: {1}
# {0} - class name, {2} - method name
UNABLE_TO_FIND_CONVERSION_METHOD = {0} non ha un metodo {1} {2}();
MISSING_ID = Oggetto "{0}" trovato in una propriet\u00E0 IDREF ma questo oggetto non ha un ID.
NOT_IMPLEMENTED_IN_2_0 = Questa funzione non \u00E8 disponibile in JAXB RI 2.0
UNRECOGNIZED_ELEMENT_NAME = Nome della tag "{0}" sconosciuto a questo JAXBContext.
TYPE_MISMATCH = La propriet\u00E0 "{1}" di un oggetto "{0}" contiene un oggetto di tipo "{2}" non consentito. Vedere il javadoc di questa propriet\u00E0 per quello che pu\u00F2 essere accettato dalla propriet\u00E0.
MISSING_OBJECT = oggetto mancante in un campo obbligatorio ''{0}''
NOT_IDENTIFIABLE = Viene fatto riferimento a un oggetto come IDREF ma il relativo campo ID \u00E8 nullo
DANGLING_IDREF = Una struttura contiene un riferimento all''ID "{0}" ma non fa parte del grafico dell''oggetto
# Wrapped into a IOException. Not concatenated with any other string.
NULL_OUTPUT_RESOLVER = il resolver di output dello schema non deve essere nullo
UNABLE_TO_MARSHAL_NON_ELEMENT = impossibile eseguire il marshalling del tipo "{0}" come elemento poich\u00E9 manca un''annotazione @XmlRootElement
UNABLE_TO_MARSHAL_UNBOUND_CLASS = impossibile eseguire il marshalling del tipo "{0}" come elemento poich\u00E9 \u00E8 sconosciuto a questo contesto.
UNSUPPORTED_PROPERTY = "{0}" non \u00E8 una propriet\u00E0 supportata
NULL_PROPERTY_NAME = il parametro del nome della propriet\u00E0 non pu\u00F2 essere nullo
MUST_BE_X = la propriet\u00E0 "{0}" deve essere un''istanza di tipo {1}, non {2}
# {0}, {1}, {2} - class name. e.g.: Instance of "com.test.implementation.Implementation" is substituting "com.test.abstractbase.AbstractType", but "com.test.implementation.Implementation" is bound to an anonymous type.
SUBSTITUTED_BY_ANONYMOUS_TYPE = L''istanza di "{1}" sta sostituendo "{0}" ma "{2}" \u00E8 associato a un tipo anonimo.
CYCLE_IN_MARSHALLER = \u00C8 stato rilevato un ciclo nel grafico dell''oggetto. Questo provocher\u00E0 un XML con profondit\u00E0 infinita: {0}
# {0} - class name
UNABLE_TO_DISCOVER_EVENTHANDLER = Impossibile elencare i metodi di "{0}". Gli handler di callback degli eventi presenti su questa classe verranno ignorati.
ELEMENT_NEEDED_BUT_FOUND_DOCUMENT = \u00C8 stato trovato un documento DOM "{0}" ma \u00E8 richiesto un elemento. Usare Document.getDocumentElement() e impostare invece tale oggetto.
UNKNOWN_CLASS = {0} e le relative classi superiori sono sconosciute a questo contesto.
FAILED_TO_GENERATE_SCHEMA = Generazione dello schema non riuscita.
ERROR_PROCESSING_SCHEMA = Errore durante l'elaborazione dello schema.
ILLEGAL_CONTENT = Contenuto XML non valido in <{0}>: "{1}".
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Q:
How Ola Hallengrens Index maintenance scripts handles columnstore indexes?
I'd like to know how Ola's script handles columnstore indexes. Couln't find any information about that, only in the version history it was mentioned that script does have a support.
My experience is that script didn't do anything to fragmented columnstore index. Is that by design?
A:
Ola Hallengren's solution doesn't support Columnstore indexes for now.
There is an outstanding feature request on his Github that hasn't been closed as wontfix so you might want to keep an eye on that: ColumnStore Support for Index Maintenance #71
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Critical Role of Mortalin/GRP75 In Endothelial Cell Dysfunction Associated With Acute Lung Injury.
Mortalin/GRP75 (glucose regulated protein 75), a member of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family of chaperones, is involved in several cellular processes including proliferation and signaling, and plays a pivotal role in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we sought to determine the role of mortalin/GRP75 in mediating vascular inflammation and permeability linked to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). In an aerosolized bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation mouse model of ALI, we found that administration of mortalin/GRP75 inhibitor MKT-077, both prophylactically and therapeutically, protected against PMN influx into alveolar airspaces, microvascular leakage and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, E-selectin and TNFα. Consistent with this, thrombin-induced inflammation in cultured human endothelial cells (EC) was also protected upon before and after treatment with MKT-077. Similar to pharmacological inhibition of mortalin/GRP75, siRNA-mediated depletion of mortalin/GRP75 also blocked thrombin-induced expression of proinflammatory mediators such as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Mechanistic analysis in EC revealed that inactivation of mortalin/GRP75 interfered with the binding of the liberated NF-κB to the DNA, thereby leading to inhibition of downstream expression of adhesion molecules, cytokines and chemokines. Importantly, thrombin-induced Ca signaling and EC permeability were also prevented upon mortalin/GRP75 inactivation/depletion. Thus, this study provides evidence for a novel role of mortalin/GRP75 in mediating EC inflammation and permeability associated with ALI. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
'use strict';
module.exports = balanced;
function balanced(a, b, str) {
if (a instanceof RegExp) a = maybeMatch(a, str);
if (b instanceof RegExp) b = maybeMatch(b, str);
var r = range(a, b, str);
return r && {
start: r[0],
end: r[1],
pre: str.slice(0, r[0]),
body: str.slice(r[0] + a.length, r[1]),
post: str.slice(r[1] + b.length)
};
}
function maybeMatch(reg, str) {
var m = str.match(reg);
return m ? m[0] : null;
}
balanced.range = range;
function range(a, b, str) {
var begs, beg, left, right, result;
var ai = str.indexOf(a);
var bi = str.indexOf(b, ai + 1);
var i = ai;
if (ai >= 0 && bi > 0) {
begs = [];
left = str.length;
while (i >= 0 && !result) {
if (i == ai) {
begs.push(i);
ai = str.indexOf(a, i + 1);
} else if (begs.length == 1) {
result = [ begs.pop(), bi ];
} else {
beg = begs.pop();
if (beg < left) {
left = beg;
right = bi;
}
bi = str.indexOf(b, i + 1);
}
i = ai < bi && ai >= 0 ? ai : bi;
}
if (begs.length) {
result = [ left, right ];
}
}
return result;
}
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Performance IQ in children is associated with blood cadmium concentration in early pregnancy.
To investigate whether performance IQ in children is associated with maternal blood cadmium concentration in early pregnancy. The present study is a component of the Mothers' and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study, a multi-center birth cohort project in Korea that began in 2006. The study cohort consisted of 119 children whose mothers underwent testing of blood cadmium during early pregnancy. All children were evaluated using the Korean version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, revised edition (WPPSI-R), at 60 months of age. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between IQ in children and maternal blood cadmium concentration in early pregnancy, after adjustment for covariates. Maternal blood cadmium concentration during early pregnancy was inversely associated with performance IQ, after adjustment for covariates such as sex, educational levels of both parents, family income, and maternal BMI. Maternal blood cadmium concentration, however, was not associated with cognitive IQ. Performance IQ in children is associated with maternal blood cadmium concentration in early pregnancy. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Degradation of organics extracted from dewatered sludge by alkaline pretreatment in microbial electrolysis cell.
Waste activated sludge in China are mostly subjected to dewatering process before final disposal without stabilization. This study investigated the feasibility of organics degradation and H2 production from non-stabilized dewatered sludge (DS) by microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). Alkaline pretreatment was used to disintegrate sludge matrix and solubilize organic matters in DS. Then, the treatment performance of DS supernatant in a single-chamber MEC at various applied voltages was investigated. The COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal rate increased with increasing voltage, which ranged from 26.35 to 44.92% at 0.5-0.9 V. The average coulombic efficiency was 75.6%, while the cathodic hydrogen recovery was not satisfied (15.56-20.05%) with H2 production rates of 0.027-0.038 m3 H2/(m3 day). The reasons could be ascribed to the complexity of the substrate, H2 loss, and the confinement of configuration in scale-up. The organic matter degradation was influenced by the composition of DS. The carbohydrates could be readily used; meanwhile, the major component of the DS supernatant, i.e. proteins, was difficult to be utilized, which resulted from the low biodegradability of the transphilic fractions during the MEC operation. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
This report analyses developments in the Dutch market for television connections and revenues in the second quarter of 2019, and compares the findings with results from previous quarters. The focus is on TV via cable networks (Ziggo, Delta and Caiway), as the largest TV technology in the Netherlands; terrestrial digital TV (DVB-T), offered by KPN's Digitenne; DVB-S (satellite), offered by Canal Digitaal; IPTV via DSL networks, offered by KPN and its brands, Tele2, T-Mobile, Online.nl and others; and (analogue) TV via FTTH (Caiway, KPN, Tele2, T-Mobile, Online.nl and others).
Comcast has launched a feature that gives people with physical disabilities the ability to navigate their TV using only their eyes. Xfinity X1 eye control is a web-based remote for tablets and computers that pairs with an existing eye gaze system and allows viewers to change the channel, set a recording, search for a show and more, all with a glance.
This report analyses developments in the Dutch market for television connections and revenues in the first quarter of 2019, and compares the findings with results from previous quarters. The focus is on TV via cable networks (Ziggo, Delta and Caiway), as the largest TV technology in the Netherlands; terrestrial digital TV (DVB-T), offered by KPN's Digitenne; DVB-S (satellite), offered by Canal Digitaal; IPTV via DSL networks, offered by KPN and its brands, Tele2, T-Mobile, Online.nl and others; and (analogue) TV via FTTH (Caiway, KPN, Tele2, T-Mobile, Online.nl and others).
According to Zenith Media, television remains the biggest medium globally, attracting 167 minutes of viewing each day in 2019. Television viewing is predicted to fall slowly to 165 minutes a day in 2021, to then account for 33% of all media consumption.
Hearst Television and FreeWheel (Nasdaq: CMCSA) have announced that they have partnered to offer an OTT video solution to advertisers. Hearst Anyscreen, Hearst's OTT advertising product, will use FreeWheels Monetization and Revenue Management platform for access to OTT video inventory. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Biochemical correlates of longevity in two closely related rodent species.
The objective of this study was to explore the basis of variations in the life span and metabolic potential, i.e., total amount of energy consumed during life, between different species, in context of the free radical hypothesis of aging. A comparison was made between the house mouse (Mus musculus) and the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus): the latter has > 2-fold greater life span and metabolic potential than the former. Longer life span and higher metabolic potential of Peromyscus were associated with low rates of mitochondrial O2.- and H2O2 generation, higher activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase and low levels of protein oxidative damage as well as low susceptibility to oxidative damage in response to experimental oxidative stress. Results support the role of oxidative stress in aging. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Friday, December 18, 2009
UIDAI to start issuing identification numbers in Feb '11
The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) said on Thursday that it would start issuing the 16-digit number to each resident of the country in February 2011.
We would start issuing the unique identification numbers (UIN) in February 2011. These numbers would be allotted on the basis of 11 biometrics including 10 fingerprints and iris, UIDAI Chairman Nandan Nilekani said here after a meeting with Haryana Chief Minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda.
The UIDAI would not allot any card, but 16-digit numbers, said Nilekani, who is on a visit to the state to discuss the UIN issue.
There would be eight regional offices of UIDAI and each such office would cover two-three states, he said.
Meanwhile, Hooda assured all help of the state government to the UIDAI and said the state level unit would function under financial commissioner and principal secretary (tourism) Keshni Anand Arora to allot UIN to Haryana residents. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Faroe Islands national handball team
The Faroe Islands national handball team is the national handball team of Faroe Islands and is controlled by the Hondboltsamband Foroya.
In June 2015, Faroe Islands competed in the 2015 IHF Emerging Nations Championship, and won the championship. In June 2017, Faroe Islands competed in the 2017 IHF Emerging Nations Championship, and once again won the championship. At the 2019 edition, unlike the previous ones, Europe was represented only by the teams who competed at the first phase of 2022 European Championship qualification and failed to advance to the Relegation Round. That implied Faroe Islands not to defend their title.
IHF Emerging Nations Championship record
2015 – 1st place
2017 – 1st place
Current squad
As of October 2018:
References
External links
Official website
IHF profile
Category:National handball teams
Category:Handball in the Faroe Islands
Handball | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Transcript: Dolphins DE Dion Jordan - June 9
(On the difference in him now compared to last year) – “I’m healthy, man. I’m healthy and I’m coming into an organization and a system that I’m familiar with now. I’m just more comfortable. I’m out there and it’s less thinking. As a rookie, most of the time, you’re so worried about not messing up that you don’t make a lot of plays. But now, I’m just playing.”
(On him moving around a lot today in practice and if it’s something he did in college or if it’s new) – “I’ve been doing this since high school, same thing. I’ve started on every special team or on the defense, too. It’s nothing new, but, like I said, if you’re able to come out here in this heat and practice that way, then game time is cake.”
(On if he never was really healthy last season) – “No, not coming into the season, I wasn’t.”
(On if he was healthy by the end of last season) – “I was much better, but it was still something that I had to deal with. It’s hard to get better health-wise when there are live bullets every Sunday.”
(On if he felt like he was behind all last season) – “A little bit. It was more of a mental thing for myself because I was hurt and I kind of was thinking about it a lot, but, as the season progressed, I started to get more comfortable. I had a full offseason actually to better myself. So when I got in here for OTAs and for minicamp and training camp, I was able to actually help my team out.”
(On how exciting it is to be healthy in June) – “It’s real exciting. Like I said, the best part about is I’ve been around these guys and these coaches for a good amount of time. I know what they expect from me. Every time I sit in my defensive line room, I get to see these guys, these Pro Bowlers, like (Randy) Starks and (Cameron) Wake. Guys that have put up big numbers like OV (Olivier Vernon), I get to see what they did. It just makes me even more hungry.”
(On his expectations for himself this season) - “My expectations for myself are to go out there and just do my best. I understand that I can help this team in a lot of ways like we just talked about, as far as special teams and as far as defense. So that’s my thing, to go out there and try and get wins.”
(On if he feels like he can be the playmaker that the team drafted)- “Yeah, definitely.” | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Q:
getting the value of the selected DropDown menu option
So i know there have been many posts about this and ive read them, but the solutions recommended in this previous posts, dont work.
I have a function that dynamically creates me a drop down menu. Here it is:
function date(start, end) {
output ="";
for(i=start;i<=end;i++)
{
output += "<option value='"+i+"'>"+i+"</option>";
}
document.write(output);
}
And i call it like this:
Month:
<select name="mm" id="mm" disabled onchange="activateDate();">
<script type="text/javascript">
date(1,12);
</script>
</select>
Note: activateDay just changes the attribute disabled in the next dropdown menu, because you should first select a year, then a month, then a day.
and when i try to get the selected value of the month so that i can give a month a number of days (31 for january, 28 for february)like this :
var a = document.getElementById("mm");
var month = a.options[a.selectedIndex].value;
And if i use this vars for a switch which looks for the month and returns the number of the days, then i give the number of days to my date() i get an empty drop down menu for my dates. The Javascript console in chrome says this:
Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'options' of null
And points me to this line:
var month = a.options[a.selectedIndex].value;
So what am i doing wrong?
A:
The error
Cannot read property 'options' of null
means that a is null in a.options[a.selectedIndex].value.
Since you have an element with id="mm", check if:
Some script has hijacked window.document
Some script has hijacked document.getElementById
Some script has deleted your select, or changed its id
You use var a = document.getElementById("mm") before loading the select to the DOM
Probably its the last one, try running your code at onload event, or place your script just before closing </body>.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Would you like to be able to post buttercream cupcakes to friends, family and customers
Hi Everyone
Brand new to this great site and thought we would ask you what you think.
Would you like to be able to send your cupcakes via courier/or mail to your nearest and dearest or customers?
In the UK we have been asked by our customers to design packaging for cupcakes with delicate butter cream icing etc that can be sent in the mail or by courier. Well we have done it Cakes-Away postable pack is due for launch on the 22nd November.
But what about the States? Is this something that would sell over there? If it is any ideas for distributors would be great. Alot of asks I know but any thoughts would be great.
Image shows cupcakes in the box upside down …. and they are still safe!!
6 Replies
The cupcake boxes used in the photo looks perfect. So safe for transport. You know it is really important to use cupcake boxes that are tall enough and have stencils to fix cupcakes otherwise the icing and decoration on cupcakes can get completely ruined. I recently bought a cupcake carrier handbag online. It is really comfortable to carry cupcakes in that bag.
See the picture below:
This is the first problem customers have had. There are two crucial things. 1. That the cupcakes you put in them are the right size 70 – 75 mm across and 2. That the icing adheres to the cupcake properly. The box itself we know works it just getting the two crucial things right. Have a look at our facebook and twitter pages to see other customers results. Also really happy to talk to you about this as we want you to be happy. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
% Please edit documentation in R/liger.R
\name{calcAgreement}
\alias{calcAgreement}
\title{Calculate agreement metric}
\usage{
calcAgreement(
object,
dr.method = "NMF",
ndims = 40,
k = 15,
use.aligned = TRUE,
rand.seed = 42,
by.dataset = FALSE
)
}
\arguments{
\item{object}{\code{liger} object. Should call quantileAlignSNF before calling.}
\item{dr.method}{Dimensionality reduction method to use for assessing pre-alignment geometry
(either "PCA", "NMF", or "ICA"). (default "NMF")}
\item{ndims}{Number of dimensions to use in dimensionality reduction (recommended to use the
same as number of factors) (default 40).}
\item{k}{Number of nearest neighbors to use in calculating Jaccard index (default 15).}
\item{use.aligned}{Whether to use quantile aligned or unaligned cell factor loadings (default
TRUE).}
\item{rand.seed}{Random seed for reproducibility (default 42).}
\item{by.dataset}{Return agreement calculated for each dataset (default FALSE).}
}
\value{
Agreement metric (or vector of agreement per dataset).
}
\description{
This metric quantifies how much the factorization and alignment distorts the geometry of the
original datasets. The greater the agreement, the less distortion of geometry there is. This is
calculated by performing dimensionality reduction on the original and quantile aligned (or just
factorized) datasets, and measuring similarity between the k nearest neighbors for each cell in
original and aligned datasets. The Jaccard index is used to quantify similarity, and is the final
metric averages across all cells.
Note that for most datasets, the greater the chosen k, the greater the agreement in general.
There are several options for dimensionality reduction, with the default being 'NMF' as it is
expected to be most similar to iNMF. Although agreement can theoretically approach 1, in practice
it is usually no higher than 0.2-0.3 (particularly for non-deterministic approaches like NMF).
}
\examples{
\dontrun{
# liger object, factorization complete
ligerex
ligerex <- quantileAlignSNF(ligerex)
agreement <- calcAgreement(ligerex, dr.method = "NMF")
}
}
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Kathryn Joosten Dead at 72
Actress Kathryn Joosten, best known to audiences for her Emmy-winning role in 'Desperate Housewives,' has passed away following a lengthy battle with lung cancer. She was 72.
Although her role as lovable neighborhood snoop Karen McCluskey snagged her two Emmy awards (both for Outstanding Guest Star), McCluskey was a longtime veteran of television and film. If you watched 'The West Wing,' she was President Bartlet's secretary, Dolores Landingham. If you watched 'Joan of Arcadia,' she was one of the rotating actors playing God. You may remember as Mrs. Tanner from 'Scrubs' or Claire from 'Dharma and Greg.' Of course, she also made plenty of appearances in a variety of shows, including 'Monk,' 'The Drew Carey Show,' 'General Hospital,' 'The King of Queens,' 'Will & Grace,' 'Grey's Anatomy,' 'Malcolm in the Middle' and 'The Mentalist.' She was a definitive Grandmother figure on the big screen, appearing in everything from 'Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel' to 'Wedding Crashers.'
Offscreen, she was an animal rights activist and was part of a celebrity group that helped shut down a planned Los Angeles elephant enclosure. In any case, she was a recognizable face and one that we'll miss very much. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
---
abstract: 'Our multi-wavelength analysis of GRB060124 shows the unusual behaviour of the decaying lightcurve as well as supporting the recently proposed phenomenon of long-lasting central engine activity. The prompt X-ray emission displays uncommonly well resolved flaring behaviour, with spectral evolution – indicative of central engine activity – which allows us to estimate the energy injection time for each flare. The otherwise smooth X-ray & optical afterglows demonstrate achromatic breaks at about 1 day which differ significantly from the usual jet break in the blastwave model of afterglows.'
author:
- 'P.A. Curran[^1], D.A. Kann, P. Ferrero, E. Rol, R.A.M.J. Wijers'
title: 'The prompt emission & peculiar break of GRB060124'
---
\[1999/12/01 v1.4c Il Nuovo Cimento\]
Introduction
============
On 2006 January 24 the bright gamma-ray burst, GRB060124, triggered instruments on multiple satellites, including Swift and Konus-Wind. Swift immediately slewed to the burst and started observing in X-rays, $\sim350$s before the main period of activity. The discovery of the bright optical counterpart only 1 hour after the burst allowed for well-sampled follow-up. The brightness of the burst permitted observations in X-rays for nearly a month despite a redshift of $z = 2.3$.
Prompt Emission
===============
We analysed the previously observed high-energy flaring from the Swift BAT & XRT instruments and Konus-Wind[@ref:kann],[@ref:romano]. This exhibits spectral evolution, supporting the theory of a central engine which is active for extended periods. Our joint spectral fit of the data (0.2keV – 1160keV) gives an average spectral index of $\beta= 0.5$ after a break at 1.2keV and in combination with negligible Hydrogen column density above that of the Galactic value. This is in contrast to previous interpretations of the spectrum[@ref:romano].
We also fit the XRT data to the curvature effect model[@ref:curve], and estimate the times at which the central engine ejects the energy required to power the two main flares. Our results are consistent with similar fits to other GRBs[@ref:liang], in that the ejection time of flares is during the rising period of the flare, though ours is a most striking example.
Peculiar Break
==============
![The X-ray and optical lightcurves of GRB060124.[]{data-label="lc"}](curranpa_fig1-col.eps){width="90mm"}
The fading optical & X-ray lightcurves ([@ref:kann]; Fig. \[lc\]) display simultaneous achromatic breaks. Before the break the temporal decay indices, and spectral decay indices, are consistent with the blastwave model of GRB afterglows in a homogeneous circumburst medium, with a power law index of the electron energy distribution, $p \approx 2$. The achromatic nature of the break points to a change in the dynamics of the blastwave.
After the break there is a deviation from the behaviour expected from a laterally spreading jet. As observed in the majority of bursts, the temporal decay equals $p$, in both optical & X-rays. Our analyses show shallower and unequal decay in both wavelength regimes. A possible explanation for this peculiar behaviour is that the jet is spreading at lower velocities than usually observed.
[0]{} in preparation (2006)
[^1]: pcurran@science.uva.nl
| {
"pile_set_name": "ArXiv"
} |
The Sports Thread (3)
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510 Responses to “The Sports Thread (3)”
This could have been predicted from a mile away. I’m pretty sure I mentioned the logic of joining Madrid before WC would create incredible pressure on his Madrid job. Julen has been a disaster. With Zidane & Ronaldo gone, Madrid is in a mess.
They’ve been awful all season. Losing Zidane & Ronaldo has hurt them. They didn’t replace Ronaldo and they will have to spend a huge amount to get Neymar. They bet big on Bale this season but he is injury prone & not consistent as Ronaldo.
Among current players, the only one threatening Kohli’s marks is Hashim Amla, who has so far scored 7696 runs in 166 innings (169 matches); at the same point, Kohli had 7460 runs. Since then Kohli has increased his average from 52.90 to a giddying 59.90, so Amla – who is more than five years older – will do well to keep up.
don’t think Amla will get there, specially given the age factor, but otherwise he seems to be keeping pace. But here’s another extract:
“Virat Kohli scorched past 10,000 runs in one-day internationals during his unbeaten 157 in the tied match against West Indies in Visakhapatnam last week. That was his 205th innings, in his 213th ODI. The next fastest to 10,000 was Sachin Tendulkar, who got there in his 259th innings (266th match). That means that Kohli could make ducks in his next 50 innings, and still have the most runs at that stage of an ODI career.”
So Kohli has 54 inning advantage over Sachin. But here’s the interesting thing. If you factor in Sachin’s promotion to opener (before this he was batting in the middle order and didn’t have the chance to score a huge number of runs) and when he right away made 82 in this role, you have more or less 55 innings. In other words that exact difference between the two. Now it could be that Kohli still scores more going forward but so far that difference accounts for Kohli’s lead as well.
comparing an opener with a middle over batsman is wrong. case in point rohit sharma is a world beater as an opener. field restrictions, harder cherry, no wickets lost. middle overs need consolidation. even Sachin was not as successful in the middle
False. Statistically if you’re batting 3 or lower you will automatically have better chance to stay not out. That’s precisely why guys like Bevan and Dhoni have big averages, along with ABDV and Kohli.
The top 10 odi run scorers ever; Tendulkar (opener), Sangakharra (middle order), Ponting (middle order), Jayasuriya (opener), Jayawardena/Inzi/Kallis (middle order), Ganguly (opener), Dravid/Lara (middle order), Dilshan (opener). You only have to look at the all-time list to know the stats. A quick and dirty exercise on openers Vs middle order on these top 10;
Opening AVE 39 (4 above batsman)
Middle Order AVE 40 (6 above batsman)
Opening % Not Out 8%
Middle Order % Not Out 14%
So already the average is higher by virtue of better chances of not outs. This is already contaminated by the fact that Tendulkar, Ganguly, Dilshan didn’t always open.
And they will always face the best bowlers up front. In fact the longer they stay the greater the probability of facing the opponent’s best bowlers. It’s much more likely that a middle order batsman face weaker bowling.
It’s logical the first 10-15 overs best fast bowlers bowl. A team will persist with best bowlers till a wicket falls. Only then can they switch tactics but it depends on match scenario i.e bowl weaker bowlers.
The only stat that benefits the opener is strike rate. 84 (opener) Vs 77 (middle order).
‘Run-scoring has become significantly easier in the middle overs, thanks to changes in ODI playing conditions, such as the use of two new balls and restrictions on field settings between overs 15 and 40, that have been tailormade to enable quicker scoring in this part of the innings. Improvement in cricket bats has also been a factor. All this explains, at least in part, the increase in century-making by middle-order ODI players.’
Tendulkar’s got 15/49 (31%). This itself inflates an average in favour of Kohli by virtue of likelihood of being not out.
Of course it’s likely that Tendulkar’s are bigger scores as he bats for more overs.
But if you’re doing this properly you strip out some extremely important data like not outs which is unfair to Kohli. Either way you do get to Jeeves point that comparing opener to middle order has its own systematic issues.
and again the point I like to keep underlining is that Tendulkar still isn’t playing a position he’s naturally suited for when he opens. He’s prospered doing so of course but it’s still an improbable mix, batting at 4 in one format, opening in another. The other thing I’d say is that batting at 3 or 4 in ODIs if get in early enough (without there being a collapse at the very top) the openers have seen off the initial spell of the fast bowlers. When they then come in later (assuming the captain doesn’t try a different mix) towards the end the one down or two down batsman has settled down enough (if he lasts that long). So there are all these factors. for Sachin I’d argue that he might have scored even more batting a bit lower down. Yes he could score a lot in the first 15 (field placements) but as he grew older and therefore physically off-peak he still had to face some very fast bowlers with the new ball. Indeed the pitches got easier around this time as well offsetting some of this disadvantage but again had he batted at 3 or 4 he would in most situations still have had enough of a chance because earlier on the Indian opening wasn’t often great and later when it did become more dependable a lot more runs were also being scored (so batsmen a bit lower down would still need to add a fair bit). And then there’s of course the all important ‘not out’ factor you’ve mentioned. I’m not saying he’d definitely do better a bit lower down but a case can be made for this. Whereas if you’re at 5 or 6 there’s really not much of a chance specially given how India used to do in ODIs in that period. But either way taking 5 years to promote Tendulkar in ODIs was just crazy. When the man was doing so well in tests. And again to repeat your point for a number of years now the rule changes in ODIs have tilted things even more towards the batsman. So you have even more flat tracks than was traditionally the case in ODIs and you have these rule changes. By the way also much shorter boundaries on average. This move was already afoot earlier but it really has become something of a joke the last 10-15 years. Finally Sachin played most of his peak period on a very weak Indian team. Now again as he got older the support helped his numbers in many ways. On the other hand what would have numbers been like if he’d had the same earlier. Bradman and Richards played on what are commonly considered the two greatest teams in history. Ponting played on a team where Bradman wagered Sachin would have averaged 80 (even if you think this is something of an exaggeration, even if you took off 10 or 20 runs you still have a much higher average). Kohli also plays on a team where because of the pitches the other players are lions most of the team (until of course you get to SA or Eng.. though those teams also don’t bat well enough in those situations.. so you’re still not at a big disadvantage.. it’s not as if you’re doing 250 and they’re getting 400 regularly.. by the way this too in tests.. in ODIs you have the flattest tracks imaginable these days, irrespective of country).
In any case these two are numbers that one has to factor into the stats. Because on its own an average or a SR or even a boundary percentage cannot factor all of this in. There are too many factors. Contextualization is way more complicated in cricket than most other sports I can think of. All of this isn’t an argument ‘for’ Tendulkar in some ‘fan’ sense. Or the 90s. Nor is it ‘against’ Kohli. It’s about accounting for everything. And it is certainly an argument against a disease of presentism (not saying Saket is doing this) where every new ‘great’ talent is automatically called the greatest without accounting enough for all these factors. In fact a lot of times the stats are designed to feed such an industry (driven my corporate sponsors and the like, this is true elsewhere as well to greater or lesser degrees). if Kohli were greater than Sachin I would have no issues accepting it. I’d retain my affection for Sachin and accept the obvious. Much as I’ve retained my affection for Sampras without arguing against the idea that Federer is the greatest.
So Kohli has 54 inning advantage over Sachin. But here’s the interesting thing. If you factor in Sachin’s promotion to opener (before this he was batting in the middle order and didn’t have the chance to score a huge number of runs) and when he right away made 82 in this role, you have more or less 55 innings. In other words that exact difference between the two.
But then one also has to discount Kohli’s initial 2-3 years where he was finding his feet and compare the runs scored after that initial incubation period as well. That comparison isn’t going to be very flattering to Tendulkar either.
@ Saket… Tendulkar will have a greater incubation & retirement age period combined than any legendary ODI batsman ever? How do you propose to accommodate for this if at all? His career is extremely unique in this sense. Peak % years will always be lower than Kohli whichever way you look at it. His stats get penalised fairly or unfairly on this score amongst many other factors mentioned already.
The retirement period should be labelled as his fault, just like any other cricketer who perhaps overstayed his welcome.
I can certainly understand the slightly longer gestation period, given that he played lower down the order. One can certainly account for this. Start the comparison when he started opening in ODIs, for instance
At the end of his 100th ODI, Rohit had scored 2480 runs, averaging 31.79, and had scored two centuries. In comparison, Tendulkar had 3146 runs at an average of 36.58, with four centuries.
Since then, Rohit’s average has increased rapidly, and is currently 47.37 with 21 centuries in 192 matches. At the same juncture, Tendulkar had 6872 runs at an average of 40.66 with 16 centuries. Since his 100th ODI, he has scored 4911 runs at an average of 62.96 and a strike rate of 96.71, with 19 centuries and as many fifties. Only Kohli has been more prolific, scoring 5692 runs at an average of 72.05 at a strike rate of 98.22, with 23 centuries and 25 fifties.
Currently, Rohit has 21 hundreds in 186 innings; only three batsmen have scored more centuries in 186 or fewer ODI innings.
Was posted by myselfaamir yesterday. Statistics are there to prove a hypothesis. To me Sharma is to Ganguly what Kohli’s to Tendulkar. Only Kohli is pretty much on a par with Tendulkar. Must admit have looked at more cricket stats over last few days than in years. The guy who’s record surprised me the most is Sehwag. It’s not on a par with what popular perception is but in saying that I would pick him to partner Tendulkar over Ganguly. Sometimes reputation supercedes stats.
I can’t recall him scoring on anything other than flat in ODIs. In Tests even there he will struggle if the attack is really good. He certainly has talent — remarkable consistency in the right conditions — but cannot be compared to Ganguly (who also was not a batsman for all seasons, but was enough of a fighter and had enough talent to get it done on a number of occasions, eg the test century in Brisbane in 2003. And of course he was dominant against spin).
It is such a pity, because as you correctly note Rohit is gorgeous to watch. Great shots and timing. Aside: Ian Chappell feels that he would do well in Australia where it won’t swing as much, and because he has a good “horizontal shot” game. I am skeptical (Rohit I think lacks mental toughness, not talent) but obviously Ian C knows a thing or two about this stuff!
Rohit Sharma has a serious technical flaw in his batting. There’s a certain blind-zone in his batting because of his trigger movement that makes him vulnerable to both the inswing or the outswinging delivery. It doesn’t get too exposed on flat decks because he can trust the trajectory of the ball and play accordingly. When the ball moves, even slightly, his technique gets exposed.
Bowlers in IPL have been clever to target this — just look at the amount of LBWs and clean-bowled dismissals in the last two editions. In fact he had to move down the order to avoid this particular mode of dismissal as the ball swings a lot at the Wankhede, at least initially.
Probably is true…and indirectly have been arguing this point. The bowlers Tendulkar faced are in a different stratosphere even if Kohli is in Tendulkar’s universe. Comparing Tendulkar’s stats to Kohli’s like for like is very flawed.
These are career ending wickets for the bowlers that faced Tendulkar so it is an unfair snapshot. If one were to figure out how many wickets these bowlers had when Tendulkar reached 10,000 runs it would be fair. I checked Murali only. So this caption is false in terms of timing or alternatively do the bowlers Kohli has faced stand a chance of reaching these kinds of wicket tallies? Seriously doubt it.
There are certain rules. Amongst them, a player who has not taken in international tournaments for 5 years is considered for Hall of Fame provided he fulfills other requirements.
By that condition, Virat Kohli will not be eligible for another 5 or more years and he has to wait. Sachin maybe the next as the 5 year condition will be fulfilled within a couple of months.
Saurav Ganguly lost the honour it seems. And Dhoni will be waiting in the wings.
Virat shouldn’t mar his talent by speaking like a jackass: the audience of cricket fans is NOT the same as the usual imbeciles who clog up social media with all sorts of coarse behavior (glad he is being taken to task by so many Indian fans for this). And he isn’t even an ordinary player but the Indian captain (earlier also, in connection with an AIB interview, he had said very disrespectful things about Sri Lankan cricket, and how he considers it a holiday when they play Sri Lanka; I’ll leave aside the question of what the team has even achieved on his watch, with no major ODI or T20 tournament victories since Dhoni captained India to a Champions Trophy win in 2013; no overseas test series wins of any consequence; etc.), and he should realize that he is the custodian of the country’s image. This sort of crude rhetoric is unhelpful. Not to mention that it testifies to an un-democratic mindset — and we have seen plenty of evidence of that from his captaincy in recent times as well.
This is a classic exhibit for why I’ve never had any room for nationalism in my heart and mind. I’ll support sports teams for these reasons and be very invested in them but it doesn’t extend beyond this. I think one can be attached to the country one grows up in (which is different from one’s ‘native’ country in the more commonly understood sense..) without being ‘nationalistic’ in any easy way. Now of course it’s always difficult to separate these things because the discourses of nationalism mark everything else in all sorts of ways but still there are distinctions. Anyway I won’t repeat longer comments from the past on all this. But I’d even go so far as to say that those who grow up outside their ‘native’ (the country of their parents and ancestors) countries are in a privileged position. At least from my perspective. Because they grow up as ‘minorities’ one way or the other and even if they might be attached to these countries they can never take them for granted in the same way. A minimal distance keeps them away from all the cheapest nationalisms. Of course I’m not forgetting that there are always ‘natives’ in any country who too are ‘minorities’. Not just as a numerical matter but in a larger ideological sense. Native Americans (Indians!) in the US cannot ever fully belong to a state that is premised on the destruction of their culture. Or African Americans can never be less than skeptical about one also founded and nurtured on slavery for so long.
getting back to Kohli’s comment I guess he’d be upset if an Indian preferred a Hollywood movie to an Indian one. Presumably he’d be ok if a Tamilian preferred Murali Vijay to him [Kohli] for the same nativist reasons. I wonder what Kohli thinks about people who hold their weddings in Italy or honeymoon outside India.
I think he is trying to be funny..But then he is 30 year old ..I guess I probably would have been talking in similar way around that age…limelight and achievements don’t make you a mature person. Sometimes we expect too much from Alias, Sonams and Ranbirs of the world because they have achieved (or became famous) something so early in life…
For the same troll comment, my guess is, Dravid would have laughed it off in a self-deprecating manner. Tendulkar would have refused to say anything. Ganguly would have gone ballistic and the same probably goes for Laxman as well. Judging by their public responses over the years.
I saw Tendulkar’s episode in Breakfast with Champions..He has become more relaxed after retirement…liked his “Topi” comment in the show. Dravid has always been gentleman..we have seen hint of aggressiveness while playing in some adverse situation but mostly calm..He went to Pakistan dressing room to give pep talk when India’s U19 defeated Pakistan team comprehensively.
He got triggered by the line I prefer watching English or Australian batsmen than these INDIAN…that’s where he makes a weird face as well.
I think Kohli is light-years away from Dravid’s league as a gentleman cricketer, but he has displayed his liberal side in the past by befriending Mohd Aamir (or Afridi, for that matter). In fact he didn’t even directly criticize the latter after his remark on Kashmir.
The comment doesn’t come out right especially when he stops using cricketer and just using Indian..I also don’t think it makes him liberal because he is friends with Pakistani players; I have seen many right wingers have Muslim friends and vice versa.
Kohli also went to that Muslim players house in Hyderabad (I forget his name) when the IPL season was on. He had a very traditional meal with him seated on the ground. The parents looked like very traditional types (let’s say the kinds Desai could have used for his Muslims!). Loved that move from him because precisely in contemporary India that was an important gesture. Of course it must also be said that there are liberals who nonetheless also indulge in nationalist platitudes.
I guess trolling isn't for me guys, I'll stick to getting trolled! 😁I spoke about how "these Indians" was mentioned in the comment and that's all. I’m all for freedom of choice. 🙏 Keep it light guys and enjoy the festive season. Love and peace to all. ✌😊
I guess trolling isn’t for me guys, I’ll stick to getting trolled! 😁 I spoke about how “these Indians” was mentioned in the comment and that’s all. I’m all for freedom of choice. 🙏 Keep it light guys and enjoy the festive season. Love and peace to all. ✌😊
And just to be clear, Kohli’s on-field shenanigans are much worse. The way he reacted to Joe Root’s mic-drop is one such instance. It’s a pity no one calls him out for that kind of boorish behavior. He comes across as an emotional fool on the cricket field.
In this instance, he tried to be a smartass. Turned out to be less smart, more ass, but surely, he didn’t deserve the kind of roasting he received from certain quarters.
I guess trolling isn't for me guys, I'll stick to getting trolled! 😁I spoke about how "these Indians" was mentioned in the comment and that's all. I’m all for freedom of choice. 🙏 Keep it light guys and enjoy the festive season. Love and peace to all. ✌😊
The unfair targeting of Kohli just shows how statements are twisted according to whatever suits the agenda of people. He has publicly in the past admired sportsman from across the globe & his statement clearly was in a certain context.But mischievous targeting is a norm for a few
Virat Kohli got emotional and lost control with fan: Viswanathan Anand
Viswanathan Anand felt that enough was written about it and it’s better not to pile anything more to it.
“I think he lost control. He got a bit emotional and he just said the first thing that came to his mind,” Anand, one of India’s greatest sporting icons, told PTI on the sidelines of the Tata Steel Chess here. “That’s the attitude he is comfortable with. In sport, you see all characters and this is the character that fits him best. “I try to be myself and in the end you should be comfortable in your own skin,” he added.
The 48-year-old chess icon, however, felt that enough was written about it and it’s better not to pile anything more to it. “Maybe Kohli was caught at a weak moment, feeling a bit sensitive and was not in the best mood maybe. That’s my impression. Then he lost control of it,” Anand said.
The soft-spoken Anand further said it’s natural to get emotional and that he too had lost it once in a while. “People are emotional and they lose control once in a while. It has happened to me even if I was more successful in not showing it. But there are moments when your emotions take over,” he said. “He has got enough criticism already. It’s over. Those who did not like it, already criticised him so no need to keep piling on it.”
And I will absolutely be mortified if I don’t get to watch either Federer or Djokovic. In the ideal world it would be them in the final. But they might face each other in semi so at least that guarantees one in the final. Federer just needs one set today.
Anyway Federer won 2-0 so very likely to avoid Djokovic. I just hope these 2 don’t pull a TOH on me and leave me an Anderson Vs Cilic/Zverev final on Sunday. My first ever tennis match live could be Federer Vs Djokovic in a final with FedEx chasing his 💯!
Well i didn’t get to see Federer live but maybe I watched the next big thing absolutely destroy Djokovic. Zverev was absolutely scintillating and what a charming character on the mic. Fans were horrible to him on Saturday but here the crowd ate him up. He’s got the game to dominate but can he do it over 5 sets?
I don’t know much about women’s cricket to comment on this. But I did watch Smriti Mandhana smash 83 runs of 50 odd balls in the game against Australia. I was gobsmacked watching her utterly dismantle the opposition. She hit some huge sixes. Very elegant to watch too!
According to CricViz Fielding Impact—which considers the difficulty of the event & the batsman dismissed—Khawaja's catch to dismiss Kohli was worth +33.75 runs and Cummins' run out of Pujara was worth +31.43 runs. That's +65 runs earned with two fielding events alone. #AUSvIND
I saw a stat somewhere that Pujara met milestones of Dravid 3000,4000 and 5000 runs in same # of innings. That’s some coincidence if true. Pujara is grossly underrated, he must bat for India as he is a proper test batsman.
I must have missed the comments for why Pujara has been dropped before. Test cricketer key character is not intent IMO. That is more for T20. Surely in test cricket it’s reliability or something like that! Not every test cricketer can have an X factor like Kohli or Sehwag.
Pujara is a proper test batsman, surely India can afford one position for him!
read somewhere that rohit is selected in the team as he can change the game in a session. i would say he does in a ball by getting out. his 3 centuries have come at home on flat tracks againsy genuinely weak attacks. suresh raina 2.0??
On the wire!! What a thrilling test match! And THIS’S why test match is the most exciting and purest form..Until Shaun Marsh was at the crease, it was in doldrums. [He has batted out the fifth day in Dubai.] Once he’s gone, it was kind of sealed…
Indian batting is always suspect on bouncy and fast pitches..It is just that Australia batting has weakened otherwise they would have been easily winning the series. Their bowling is still potent. Tail enders gave scare yesterday..I have said in past coach and captain are clueless on how to deal with them..thet lost two tests in England precisely because of that..And the guy with “no intent” is winning test match for you!
India at a minimum should have ensured a draw here. Hopefully Aussies have 1 or 2 bad sessions. The series is familiar to 03-04. India took a lead that time too and had chances in final test to win in Waugh’s final test.
How was Ashwin a ‘poor show’ at Adelaide where he scored 25 very crucial runs and forged an important partnership with Pujara which ultimately proved to be the difference in India winning the match!! As a bowler, he was the best of the lot as he not only took vital wickets but also kept it very tight without giving away any easy runs returning with figures of 6 for 149 in 87 overs. He was just behind Pujara in terms of overall impact on the game tilting it in India’s favour.
And how many did ‘Lyon’ pick in the first test?? He returned with 8 for 205 in 70 overs, his average was more, economy almost twice than that of Ashwin!! And Lyon is playing at home while Ashwin away in the very first test match of the series trying to acclimatise himself, btw you didn’t mention or hint Virat’s failure in the first test match at all??
Anyway #3 & #4 are doing opener duties today, seeing off new ball. Maybe #5 & #6 will do the job of #3 & #4. If we go full circle, the tail will wag and everything will work out. This is Ravi Shastri’s strategy I think.
time has come for vijay to go out of the team. his replacement will b shaw.. n kl rahul though talented need a kick in his ass to keep on ruining his own chances. he seems lost in middle as to play aggressive or defensive… indecisive fellow in a test will do more harm than good… either b shehwag or dravid.. pandya is missed here..
Yes, the first one from India to have won this tournament, truly a spectacular feat!! Feeling very proud the way she played in the tournament without losing a single match, she along with Saina has brought this game close to the Indian public in a big way, not to forget Sameer Verma’s valiant effort in the semifinal losing it from the match point unfortunately!! But nonetheless amazing display from these two:
I haven’t seen it but it mostly depend upon soft signal..which IMO is wrong way to prejudge..The ground umpire obviously have no clue from that distance so they have no business giving soft signal…It should be left to third umpire..Also the no of frames are not enough to figure if fingers are indeed below the ball…
Sachin, Sehwag, Ganguly, Yuvi, Raina could bowl fairly. While the first three were better than anyone in current lineup purely as a batsmen, our current batsmen think they can hold their place with limited skill?
NEW DELHI: Actor Naseeruddin Shah has triggered a controversy by calling Indian cricket team captain Virat Kohli ‘world’s worst behaved player’, even as he called him the world’s best batsman in a Facebook post. Shah’s remark came in the wake of Kohli’s last month social media video in which he asked a fan to leave India.
Kohli slammed a fan who said that he liked watching English and Australian batsmen more than the current Indian players after which he had faced a backlash on social media.
Taking to Facebook, the actor wrote: “Virat K is not only the worlds best batsman but also the worlds worst behaved player. His cricketing brilliance pales beside his arrogance and bad manners.. And I have no intention of leaving the country by the way”
I am in complete agreement with Nasseruddin Shah as his on field shenanigans leave a bad taste despite his outstanding batsmanship. Though many call it aggression, I’d differ and call his on field over the top & unnecessary as his shouting & abuse-hurling at the drop of the hat in no way helps his team’s cause but rather it distracts his own team by putting an additional pressure on them. Sachin is Sachin not only because of his batting but also due to his behaviour & Ganguly was the harbinger who introduced aggression into Indian team but it was never in your face and so over the top all the time. Most of the times Virat’s actions are cringeworthy without any reason.
I’d also like to talk about how his behaviour must be messing up with a lot of youngsters impressionable minds as he is on the top of his game breaking records right left and center, making him the role model in their eyes but also making them prone to emulating his boorish behaviour as some sort of ‘model code of conduct’ which is very detrimental to them and to the game as well.
I think Kohli plays a lot of mind games and backs it up on field as well with his performance. It’s a different matter that India lost Perth but it was surely not a submissive performance despite poor form of opening batsmen and lack of a spinner.
Kohli does over do things sometimes but calling him worst behaved cricketer is harsh. I like his aggression and think he brings a lot of character via his emotions.
Former England captain Michael Vaughan has come forward and declared that Virat is the best batsman he has ever seen.
“I have not seen a better player (than Kohli),” Vaughan told Fox Sports.
“I’m not disrespecting Sachin Tendulkar, Brian Lara or Ricky Ponting but across three formats of the game I have not seen anyone better.”
“He has such high skill levels and an incredible mentality when it comes to dealing with the pressure of the chase. All that while dealing with a weight of expectation and adulation that only Sachin would have experienced.”
Virat Kohli is recognised as the best batsman in the world right now. There was a debate with Steve Smith as to who was the better Test cricketer but after Smith’s ban but that debate died a natural death. There was talk with Ab de Villiers as to who is the best limited-overs batsman but that debate also came to an end after de Villiers’ retirement. Virat is a constant whenever a there is a talk of the best batsman in the world.
He proved his masterclass again when he scored his 25th Test Century in the first innings of the second Test against Australia in Perth. He is really used to breaking records by now but with that hundred, Virat broke some more records. With his sixth century in Australia, Virat tied with Sachin Tendulkar as the overseas player with most hundreds in Australia.
I hope not. Pochettino will be favourite but with a new stadium, better position in league, greater likelihood of CL football next season I hope he stays…But I have a feeling his time at Spurs is coming to an end soon.
I’ve had this discussion a lot with non spurs fan and spurs ones. I keep changing my own mind! If this was 2013, it’s a no brainer! Spurs are in a fantastic situation now, United aren’t and he can really achieve something at Spurs. I’ve heard from one that if the naming rights get sold for circa £200mm that will be given to Pochettino. It’s Levy’s 2nd priority after completing stadium. Then a potential equity raise could be used to pay down debt or again for Pochettino. These guys hopefully are in the know.
One of our loans is/was the loan to Glazers for Manchester United! So we have to be football experts at work! Manchester United absolutely have to get it right sooner or later and I think Poch is their best bet but Levy holds most of the cards right now. And he’s the last chairman in the world you want to play cards with!
LOL. Hopefully OGS gives a sense of false hope! It would be a great joke if Spurs won by not buying a single player! But I think it’s Liverpool and I have never hated a team more than Liverpool so I hope City comeback now.
The expectations are pretty low with Solskjaer. As long as he gets United playing decent football, fans are happy. But you’re right, Liverpool it is this season sadly. City’s campaign is pretty much derailed. No offence but Spurs somehow seem to bottle it the moment the title is within reach. This happened when Leicester won a couple of seasons ago IIRC. It will be pretty unbearable and I might need to stay away from Football sites for a while.
I agree. I believe here Australia were looking for history, some 17th test victory in a row. To declare, Dravid, Laxman to bat out an entire day which they repeated in Australia and Harbhajan to wrap up victory- it’s probably not just the best indian innings but arguably India’s greatest comeback in a test ever. Probably would be in top 5 tests of all time.
“There were around 20% minorities at the time of Partition in Pakistan, less than 2% remain now. On the other hand, minority population has grown significantly in India since Independence. Pakistan is the last country that should be lecturing any country on how to treat minorities,” Mohammad Kaif tweeted.
That’s a good day’s work by India. So glad they have stuck it out and maintain an interesting position to try to set a score above 400. Hopefully Pujara and Kohli score big on Day 2 and put India into a position where defeat is unlikely and they can go for a win.
Steyn has a strong case to be considered the greatest fast bowler ever. No bowler in the history of the game with more than 250 wickets has a lower strike rate than his 42 balls per wicket & he has succeeded all round the world in an era largely dominated by batsmen. #SAvPAKpic.twitter.com/8Uy0bv2nl8
That’s the NZ vs SL Test. NZ are way ahead in that one. He took 6 in 15 balls btw.
🏏 | Can we transport the Christchurch deck to the MCG overnight?Here's NZ seamer Trent Boult taking six wickets for four runs in the space of 15 balls against Sri Lanka. #NZvSL📽️: @FoxCricketpic.twitter.com/ENeMJF6zeX
Ponting praised Pujara for scoring his second century of the series, but said the innings will be remembered one of two ways at the end of the match.
“If India go on and win the game, it’ll be a great innings (but) if they haven’t got time to bowl Australia out twice … it could be what actually costs them the game,” Ponting told cricket.com.au.
“I think it’s always hard for India to push the run rate along when Pujara’s there.
“He’s just made another hundred, his second of the series, so he’s playing well and doesn’t really look like getting out. But he just locks himself in this little bubble where scoring doesn’t seem to faze him at all.
“They’ve got other guys in their side who are stroke-makers … but if those guys don’t come off, the scoring rate is always going to be hovering around that two runs an over mark, which makes it pretty hard to win Test matches, especially on flat wickets like we might have here.
Since 2001, teams have enforced the follow-on just 56.60% of the time, as compared to 91% of the time in the 20 years before that. When the lead is less than 300, teams enforce the follow-on just 37.23% of the time. So Kohli’s decision actually aligns with what the majority of captains would have done. Also, captains have realised that not enforcing the follow-on doesn’t hamper your chances of winning. In fact, since 2001, teams that have declined enforcing the follow-on have ended up winning 91.12% of the time, while teams that have enforced the follow-on have won 84.44% of the time.
That too ahead of Graham Gooch, David Gower from England itself & Lara, Sachin, Warne, Steve Waugh, Gavaskar, Kapil Dev, Imran Khan, Kallis, Akram from others were far more deserving than this gentleman is mind boggling to say the least about this ‘sham(e)’ of a knighthood!!
Yes. A great and memorable win for me.
Was there at MCG on day 1 with 73,000+ spectators on Boxing day. Ricky Ponting was inducted in the ICC Hall of fame and his car ride at the beginning was a memorable experience.
As a spectator, i can say the damage was done on Day 1 by Mayank Agarwal. Man what a good find india has. From a distance of about 95 meters, he appeared classy, composed and determined. Really enjoyed his batting and session wise approach. Would be hurt if he doesn’t go on to become a good opener for India. He appeared as classy as Kohli who came later.
The man who looked solid was Pujara. In the crowd we were discussing that the sound that Pujara’s bat makes is so different from others. The “Tukkk” from his bat whenever he defended can be heard outside the stadium when he defended. It was a wonderful to note such subtleties. Such a music in cricket can only be heard when the ball hits the middle of the bat.
I read it again. It was an apprehension which was quite one sided at the end of Day 1.
As spectators we witnessed –
1. One of the most defensive field setting. It was almost looking like ODI field setting. This easily robbed 10-15 runs
2. A slow outfield – Nothing was going to boundary unless hit hard. This easily robbed 10-15 runs
3. Indian team playing to a plan. It was almost evident that they had planned to retain as many wickets on day 1 and play most of the day 2.
If we add all the three in perspective, then i would say Ponting singling out Pujara was a mere tactic to score a verbal point, because everyone played slow on day 1, to a plan to save wickets even if they score 20 runs less.
some of his deliveries are very memorable. I think at Trent Bridge he bowled a couple of classical in swingers to account for Buttler and Bairstow followed by a lethal bouncer to get rid of Lords centurian Woakes. Check it out at link below
unfortunately his take home package from tests contracted with bcci is less than what kl rahul makes in 2 months playing ipl. only test runs he is getting bucketloads while rahul is struggling. cricket is unfair.
In the last few decades, Ramakant Achrekar’s name had become so synonymous with being the coach of Sachin Tendulkar that even if he had not produced a single other cricketer of repute before or after him, his position among the Dronacharyas of Mumbai cricket would not have been questioned.
But for many of us who have witnessed Achrekar slogging on the Shivaji Park ground preparing nets and wickets with his students before every practice session and taking the talented ones across the city to play matches on his scooter, the contribution of the man goes much beyond his most illustrious prodigy.
after winning the toss and posting 622/7 declared, if the opposition gets away with a draw against so called “best attack in the world” by our captain, a draw will be like a win for aussies and defeat for india. you know what i mean?
Depends on what kind of pitch it is. I’d take a draw now! Series win is more important than winning this test match. India just have to play sensible cricket now. There are 270 overs left. Even at 4 runs per over, only 1,000 runs to be scored. Australia will have to score at least 800 here overall across 2 innings to turn it around and even then India will still be favourites not to lose.
9 sessions of play. India need 1 good session with bat or ball and it will close the test match out. If it’s the 1st one tomorrow then India will have a good chance to win 3-1.
Australia have to go for risks. They’ll have to score at 4 or above, blow India away when they bat again and knock the runs off again. All this while India are in form. Can’t see it happening…will bet on India victory over draw with 1% chance of Australia win.
I’m delighted for Pant and Pujara. Pujara has batted the 4th most bowls ever at 1,258 in a 4 test series match or less. If he gets a chance again he can beat the record with 100 balls more. Pant has scored 100 in England and Australia now. First Indian wicketkeeper to score a 100 in both countries. He must replace Dhoni in short format IMO. India love SCG.
This is not really Pant’s format. Short format he’ll fair better. Dhoni is an absolute legend and his experience in a world cup is going to be very important. However I think he’s not what he once was. I’d still give Dhoni the nod at 19 WC but sooner or later Pant deserves a proper shot.
Australia won’t win. They don’t seem to have any batting strength. India have really played well this series.
‘At stumps, the hosts were 6 for 236. Marcus Harris made an eye-catching 79 and, if none of his team-mates pass that, he will hold the record for the lowest highest score in a Test series for Australia in 100 years.’
one day to wrap an entire innings. Draw is most likely now. India’s bowling lacks ability to run through tails as shown by Starc/Hazlewood partnership in SCG. Hazlewood, Lyon, Starc, Cummins have been difficult to knock out. India’s coaches should address this immediately since they lost English and SA tour due to this inability of the bowlers.
India have played well. If not for losing 2/3’rds day play they might be in a stronger position. India can still win, Australia can’t now. Job done. Ruthlessness is something India will find hard IMO.
From BBC sport…
Only 25.2 overs were possible on a rain-hit day, meaning that the final day will start half an hour early, at 23:00 GMT on Sunday, with commentary on BBC Radio 5 live sports extra.
It was the first time in 30 years Australia had been forced to follow on in a home Test
India have definitely created some history here. Being as clinical as the Aussies at their best will be tough – they just don’t produce bowlers like McGrath, Lee or Gillespie. Even a Starc. The day India produce super fast strike bowlers wake me up!
Questions will be ASKED of Australia as to how much they have CHEATED prior to last year! It seems the fast bowlers have struggled to reverse swing period! Australia’s biggest loss is that piece of sand paper!
I urge fans of all cricket nations to invent songs on sand paper to troll this pathetic team now! For years of unnecessary sledging they deserve some serious payback.
It’s very unlikely a bowler would be oblivious to how his ball is working for him! If it’s straight for X number of overs and suddenly swings after a bit of work…the first few times it might seem like luck or magic and thereafter just routine! The Australian ethos is not a clean one at all. Behaviour of their players has always been very unpleasant, preying on weaker assumed characteristics of their opponents and some are racist to boot! I’m glad Cricket Australia took a firm position on those 3 players. How they treated Bancroft proves the point. A captain and vice preying on their own young players to do their dirty work is typical.
It is IPL which is bigger than World T20 that has boosted the morale of Indian cricketers. It not the money or the format but the high a player gets from appreciation after a good performance.
Second of course is getting a dressing room and coaches that are truly international.
Every country has decent T20 league. Willow shows most of them. Only one I have not seen is NZ league (and South African live). IPL does have more money but you see same faces everywhere (Watson, Maccullum, Bravo, Gayle – I call them cricket mercenaries ). PSL bowling is much better than IPL. Watch out for Afghanistan..they have very good T20 team. India problem is not bowling. it is batting which cannot do enough on fast wickets. Send this team again to South Africa and their fate will not been much different from current Pakistan tour of SA.
Performance at IPL remains the most exciting and awarding.
Likes of Rishabh Pant, Mayank Agarwal, Shan Kishan and many more become household names even before they got selected to play for India. Their performances are then tracked in Ranji, Duleep etc by the fans and selectors thereby making the entire process one of the best in the world.
IPL it is sir.
Pujara played for the Kolkata Knight Riders in the first three seasons of the IPL. In the 2011 players’ auction, he was bought by the Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB). He started for RCB for the fourth season of the IPL before injuring his knee in a match against Kochi Tuskers Kerala. The injury kept him out of action for nearly a year before he returned to domestic cricket at the end of 2011.
In the 2013–14 Ranji Trophy, he played a lone hand against Bengal at Eden Gardens in November as he scored 102, though his side was bowled out for a meagre 225 in response to Bengal’s 303. In the next match against Tamil Nadu at Chennai, he scored a mammoth 269, and struck a 353-run partnership with Jaydev Shah (195) to post a score of 581/6 in response to Tamil Nadu’s 565.
In 2014 IPL, Pujara began the season as Virender Sehwag’s opening partner and was left out after the first six matches in which he made 125 runs at an average of just 25 at a strike rate of 100.80. After having not been picked by any franchise for the 2015 IPL season, he signed for Yorkshire.
He was the leading run-scorer for Saurashtra in the 2017–18 Ranji Trophy, with 437 runs in four matches.
He became the 2nd fastest Indian to get to 1,000 Test runs, during the course of his double hundred against Australia in March 2013, at Hyderabad, where he put on a 370-run record 2nd wicket partnership with Murali Vijay. Only Vinod Kambli was faster.
Pujara is also the 12th fastest of all-time. In terms of the number of tests (11 matches), he joined the legendary Sunil Gavaskar for the quickest Indian to reach the mark. Pujara had a brilliant test series against Australia scoring 419 runs, only second to Murali Vijay’s 430 in which he slammed a double ton’s 204 and two half-centuries (52 and 82).
As Indian opener Virender Sehwag was struggling out of form, it provided the opportunity for Pujara who hit double and triple tons in successive Ranji trophy matches to prove his ability in shorter versions of the game, as he was selected in the 15 member squad for the ODI series against England, but was injured in practice. Following injury, he made his debut against Zimbabwe, scoring 9 runs
don’t think that Test specialist like Pujara can be unearthed from IPL. Need Ranji trophy to be strong for getting Talent like him. They can probably force each IPL team to select 2-3 India Test Players in auction. At least get an IPL contract without playing him.
i agree batting performances have declined. besides Pujara, only Kohli got a century in top 6 batters. I can understand Mayank being a newbie as well as Vihari. But Rahane? He played 7 innings despite a very important 70 in Adelaide, he should have delivered a century. Ditto for Rohit. Senior batsmen should learn to deliver
so why are India persisting with Rahane, Rohit? Surely, they are accountable to score centuries in difficult circumstances and tours? Even Jadeja in his limited chances got a higher score than these two underperforming Mumbaikars, forget Mayank
2000: India’s Yuvraj Singh was named Man of the Series. India clinched the title for the first time under the captaincy of Mohammed Kaif.
2008: India under the leadership of Virat Kohli now india captain, after being bowled out for 159, emerged triumphant by 12 runs under the D/L method and were crowned champions for the second time.
2012: Captain Unmukt Chand played a match winning knock of 111* not out in 130 balls with the help of 6 sixes & 7 fours. Sandeep Sharma also excelled with four wickets under his belt.
2018: The Man of the match was awarded to Manjot Kalra, while player of the tournament was awarded to Shubman Gill. India now holds the most wins record in Under-19 World Cup.
====================
What happened to the performers of U19 WC 2018?
In Indian Premier League Auction 2018, Manjot Kalra was bought by the Delhi Daredevils.
In January 2018, Shubhman Gill was bought by the Kolkata Knight Riders for ₹1.8 crore (US$250,000) in the 2018 IPL auction.[13][14] He made his Twenty20 debut for Kolkata Knight Riders in the 2018 Indian Premier League on 14 April 2018.
Naseer opinion is just like us..one in billion. He is celebrity so it gets more clicks. He is no expert. Sachin Tendulkar doesn’t make a good cricket umpire or reviewer of movie 🙂
I agree with Naseer on Kohli..Kohli sometimes over does while expressing emotions on field. He is mostly okay expressing things off field. He quickly owned up his mistake in asking supporters of other teams to leave India. IMO these things should be left to politicians. But there is a thought (heard in Willow commentary) that whatever Kohli does, make people see and follow cricket. I guess I am getting old!! I like Dhonis version. You kill opposition with result.
On the movies…Master, Tony are in BO thread on opposite side. Here it is one sided !. Jay who is resident here wouldn’t comment.
I don’t like Kohli and Shastri jodi commenting or advicing on Ashes like they are experts overnight. No need to be defining cricket after one historic series win. Hopefully England destroy Australia! 😛
Yep. World Cup (first ever) against the best side or World Cup on home turf is easily bigger achievement than this. You can only beat what’s in front of you and this is a poor batting unit for Australia and a good bowling unit by today’s standards.
i was thrilled with adelaide test win in 03-04 and managing to draw the series then. this test victory also has similar happiness though really thrilled with bumrah showing. i hope they manage his workload carefully, since he is a key player in white ball as well as red ball
The 03-04 is nearly as big achievement IMO. Consider the 2 teams, on paper it was one of the great test series I can remember. Bucknor pissed me off throughout…with Waugh’s retirement hanging over the series, Sachin’s loss of form, Dravid-Laxman batting an entire day AGAIN, Sehwag destroying Aussies in one day, Waugh having the final say, Tendulkar returning and scoring some 300 runs unanswered plus in the next match of his he hit 194 not out against Pakistan so I think it was some kind of record of nearly 500 test runs without losing his wicket. These were the days I could be bothered to watch cricket from midnight to morning.
There was no McGrath and Warne but still Australia had Lee, Gillespie, Bracken, MacGill. Hardly shabby! Probably better than today still! India had Chopra, Sehwag, Dravid, Tendulkar, Ganguly and Laxman as top 6. Frightening!
Kohli is better but Shastri is irritating; sounds ridiculous pontificating about strategy and hard work. I am pretty sure even Australian must have worked hard. I blame Aussie commentators who have made India team as beater of World class Australian team. Australia was already in decline and loss of two prolific batsmen have hit them hard.
Great Bong
Stop hating on Hardik & Rahul for saying Kohli is a better batsman than Sachin. Who would want to piss off their boss, seeing what happened to Kumble, I mean if his being a legend couldnt save him, what chances do two under-performing big-talking IPL-mein-world-famous-es have
They dont want to be cricketers but rock-stars, they dress and behave like that, and as far as that is concerned, KoffeeWithKaran is the right venue for them. https://t.co/9lRBJIkajb
though pandya apologised, bcci should have a stringent code of conduct for the contracted players and ipl players. many youth worship our cricketers as heroes and racist and misogynist comments lead the youth to follow resulting in a rape culture. i ak glad vinod rai has issued a show cause notice to both to explain. the actual culprit is karan johar who himself is classless
Indian cricketers Hardik Pandya and KL Rahul were Wednesday issued show cause notices by the BCCI for their comments on women on a TV show that triggered a massive outrage and might prompt the Board to bar players from such appearances.
There was boastfulness but it was par for show. He considers himself West Indian due to his complexion and mannerisms. Followed by these comments. Nothing wrong in portraying to be Casanova. Shastri did all this in 80s.
This season, Karan has got somewhat bold and asking sex questions. I am not sure when it is shown on TV. It should be in 11 O’clock slot.
Pujara moves to #3 in ICC test batsmen ranking behind Kohli at #1 and Williamson at #2. He jumps ahead of Steve Smith who is at #4 despite being absent due to his ban. Pant is at #17 ahead of Rahane at #22 and is the top ranked wicketkeeper batsman ahead of Bairstow at #20.
Australia’s batting lineup. Hayden, Langer, Ponting, Martyn, Katich, Waugh Gilchrist! It’s an extraordinary batting line up. Yes bowling not on paper as good but that batting line up vs indian attack back then which was mainly Khan, Nehra, Pathan and Kumble. Man for man India’s batting was better back then and Australia’s too (by a 50 billion % margin). India’s bowling is comparable and maybe Australia have a better bowling attack now but India had extraordinary batting line up itself back then.
Both sides are weaker today batting wise. India’s batting much weaker and Australia’s bowling is not that much stronger. The other KEY factor is Australia were the best back by a distance. Today Australia are not a patch, in fact it’s a terrible batting line up! The highest score was 79 and it’s a 100 year record Australia have beaten their! The records Australia have broken (the bad ones) tells a story itself that this is no longer the holy grail of test cricket.
So it’s a great achievement but not one of India’s greatest, even a drawn series against the absolute best side can constitute a big success.
Context of history is important too. Steve Waugh regularly said India was the final frontier for Australia so when India defeated Australia in 01, the rivalry was established. Considering England were Australia’s historic foes, it was a clear compliment to India and their exploits in 03 WC that India vs Australia became a huge test series (probably the most competitive one in that 5 year period). Of course in 04 Australia won in India eventually and those 3 back to back series were really crucial for India to give them confidence against Australia.
I’m dead certain if McGrath and Warne played India would have lost but you can only beat what’s in front of you. Lee, Gillespie, Bichel were all good bowlers. MacGill would have played fulltime if not for Warne. The batting line up need not be compared as even with Smith, Warner the 03 line up is WAY stronger.
Bang on.
However the outcome is Tests is loaded towards team having good bowling attack. I would take a better bowling team any day for test matches. In batting current Indian team is definitely not great barring Kohli, Pujara and occasional Rahane. However the lower order is doing good.
I hope BCCI strips Ajinkya Rahane of the Test vice captaincy and hands it over to a more deserving Pujara. This will show an appreciation to Pujara and a warning to Rahane, that he cannot take his place in the team for granted. That may propel both of them to do better. Rahane needs to get some hard runs from a 40/4 position. Runs got at 240/4 do not qualify as hard runs.
“…..What of the smug and giggly Karan Johar, he who thrives on scandal and sensationalism? Could he have reined in this misogyny and vulgar display? Sure. But the filmmaker apparently had as much of a “blast” as the boys.
Johar on his show was like the IPL cheerleaders, egging on the boys to score. He was complicit in encouraging the cricketers to show utter disrespect to women; anything he says now after the furore will not count. This is the same man who had, as Me Too revelations exploded in India, apologised for objectifying women in the song ‘chikni chameli’. Guess what, Karan Johar, you actually succeeded in making ‘chikni chameli’ look respectable! Johar may yet apologise because when the going gets tough, the filmmaker backtracks and goes all meek. Until the next time.
Karan Johar should be in the dock, just like the cricketers, who have been issued notice by the cricket board BCCI partly in response to the public outcry. Are you telling me the board is unaware of the monsters it is breeding, as shallow as the T-20 game they play?
Andy Murray announces Australian Open 2019 could be his last tournament
Andy Murray revealed the upcoming Australian Open may be his final tournament. The former world No 1 has said he wants to bow out at Wimbledon but may not be able to continue beyond Melbourne.
A tearful Andy Murray announced the Australian Open could be his last tournament due to the hip injury that has derailed his career. The 31-year-old Murray revealed the target in the off-season was to make Wimbledon for a one last run at the home grand slam, where he ended the 77-year drought for British men, but now wasn’t sure he’d make it.
Andy Murray has shocked the tennis world by announcing that the upcoming Australian Open may be his final tournament. The former world No 1 has said he wants to bow out at Wimbledon this summer, but may not be able to continue beyond Melbourne. In an emotional press conference at Melbourne Park on Friday, when he had to leave the room briefly after his first attempt to get it started, and needed to pause several times to compose himself, Murray said he wasn’t sure how much longer he could play.
“I’m going to play (in Australia). I can still play to a level — not a level I’m happy playing at,” he said. “But also, it’s not just that. The pain is too much really,”
No one has anything wrong. Everyone is adult. If someone claims that he/she sleeps around and boast things, it may be morally wrong on compass but no garm done except that people will know that cricketers can be Chsanova. KL Rahul was subdued one and he is also getting stick.
You cannot fight your only employer otherwise they could easily be sued for wrongful suspension.
I don’t agree with comments as I think they can be deemed offensive but not so offensive to punish them with suspensions. Kohli coming out and condemning them is a JOKE. We are blokes, we know what blokes CAN be like in a locker room so this haughty behaviour from BCCI and Kohli is hypocrisy as they will have said stuff like this just not on TV.
Pandya is just stupid, should know better to keep such bedroom efforts to himself and not go on TV about it. BCCI and Kohli are just doing publicity for god knows what, probably as #metoo is flavour of the month so they feel compelled to condemn, name and shame as if they didn’t politically they themselves would be harrassed!
I read about your punishment comments but you don’t understand that Suspension is actually not ‘the punishment’. Its for the inquiry that they are suspended and once that matter is reviewed in detail, they will melt out the punishment.
Things just keep getting worse for Hardik Pandya. After being sent home from the ODI series against Australia due to his ‘sexist’ comments on Koffee with Karan, the all-rounder is set to miss out on a big endorsement deal, according to reports. The owners of a top-rated fitness brand have lost interest in Pandya after his remarks on the chat show.
Good article. I’ve met my fair share of brats. The smart ones have an enviable skill. It’s pretty simple and important trait for anyone. Self awareness…don’t take your accomplishments too seriously and certainly tailor your opinions to your audience. Pandya for one thinks all this stuff is important, for him he will soon realise being a professional cricketer which is what got him onto KWK is far more important.
OPINION | Kapil Dev: The greatest cricketer of all time
In whatever he did on the cricket field, Kapil was absolutely thrilling to watch. As a bowler, there was his smooth and accelerating run-up, the high action and the final jump, then the outswinger moving late and away to take the edge, with the occasional off cutter and sharp bouncer thrown in.
While the mightiest indian team ever led by Ganguly underachieved (please read few of my comments earlier) which raises doubts over overpraise he gets, I would give full marks to Kapil Dev for overachieving with a team which was never considered to achieve what it did.
Agree with Guha here.
Dhoni like that is a must in Indian side. I would drop Rayudu or Karthik for Pant. Pant can be explosive and can be groomed via learning from Dhoni. That middle order is an issue. Happy with rest as can be.
MS Dhoni’s Illegal Run Against Australia in 2nd ODI Goes Unnoticed, Sparks Debate Online
Footage of Dhoni not grounding his bat to complete a regulation single in the 45th over is going viral on Twitter.
Dhoni and Karthik’s performances may have ended Rishabh Pant’s chances of getting a game unless he comes in for a batsmen, said Tendulkar.
“You already have Karthik playing as a batter and you already have two wicket-keepers who have contributed to our success. They had that crucial partnership that won us the game. So, if you are looking to have Pant in the team that means you have to either remove a proper batter or remove a bowler and I don’t think you can afford to remove a bowler. So if he replaces a proper batter who doesn’t bowl then it is okay. But if he is going to replace an allrounder, that is going to cost us. One would want to encourage youngsters but we need to have that balance.”
The last WC, Dhawan was stupid in semi holing out at a crucial moment. Plus many totals were treated like T20 matches. Teams were prepared to be score low to keep wickets in hand and be explosive in last 15 overs. India I hope can play this way as an option.
I haven’t read article but Federer is supremely talented. Dhoni is good tactician and very average players. He uses his mind game to become better cricketer. There is no beauty in watching his version of cricket but results are most satisfying.
I think most teams have figured him out…Like Finch put six fielders in circle because he is not good at finding gaps at start of innings and he is not going to take risks to hit over inner circle…This is his bane in terms of scoring rate.
He used to be more fluid in past but I see increasingly mistiming the shots..His fitness lvel is such that he can play for 2-3 more years easily but I want him to retire gracefully (he still gets most applaud when walking in to bat..any ground in India or outside) and pass the baton to a younger player.
I think really he should have considered retirement 2 years ago if he was going to pass on the baton. Basically Pant at 21 has arrived a year late to facilitate any handover. But Dhoni is still a force of sorts. He played 2 not out innings to win the series, I would love to see a belligerent crazy player but that has clearly gone or is used sparingly.
The exact moment when it hit him that he has become a villain isn’t known, but hours after India won the Test series in the first week of this year, Hardik Pandya was on a high about his now infamous chat with Karan Johar. Late to join the squad because of injury, he was talking about the talk-show to anyone who cared to listen — check out, the entire country is talking about me. Words to that effect. It was still in the ‘cool’ territory. Despite taking no part in India’s historic win over Australia, he had stayed in news. On Johar’s show, Koffee With Karan, as the talk-show host baited them with questions about women — the ones they had dated, had sex with, their favourite pick-up line — the 25-year-old Pandya and his teammate K L Rahul, 26, boasted about hooking up with multiple women and also how open they had been about it with their parents and family.
But what was perhaps more damaging was the rapid-fire segment on the show. Here, as Johar asks the two if they had “done it” in a teammate’s room, both Pandya and Rahul respond with a resounding “yes”. From there on, the answers keep lifting the iron curtain between the fans and their cricketing heroes, and Johar keeps pressing. He asks if they have “gone above and beyond to ‘connect’ with a fan after the match”, and, with Johar pushing him, Rahul replies: “Oh, that way? Yeah, I have.” He also goes on to talk about how he once partied till 5 am on the eve of an international game.
It was especially this part of the show that didn’t go down well with the team and the cricket administrators. For, it hinted at a disturbing team culture and also exposed the frailty of the wall around the players that anti-corruption officials keep talking about. Was it so easy for outsiders to sneak into the team hotel? Aren’t there curfew hours before a big game?
In 2017, the BCCI issued a players’ handbook titled ‘100 things every professional cricketer must know’ which was based on Justice R M Lodha’s recommendations. It covered a wide range of topics from fitness and diet, to media interactions and managing finances. Page 77 of the book titled ‘10 things about media interaction’ has a picture, ironically, of K L Rahul (see below), with a caption that says: “Before the interaction is to begin, one could think through a few difficult or ‘trick’ questions that could be asked and the answers one would like to give to them.” It also warns players about the motives of the interviewer: “You need to understand that a journalist could have a motive — to sensationalise or build a story that would be of commercial benefit to their organisation… You could simply say ‘That’s not something I want to talk about’ or ‘I have no comment to make about that’.” A blurb on the page has an M S Dhoni quote: “You have every right to ask me that. It’s your prerogative. But I have the right to not answer.”
I think commenting on the player’s mother is more derogatory but using kaaley will be considered racist in today’s age and time. It is racist but its pretty generic to say – gora for US/UK folks or Kaaley for Africa folks. If calling out kaaley is derogatory then saying someone gora should also be one!
the worst is when people of african origin are in india, little kids and uneducated run after that person mocking him as kalu. also shilpa shetty who won big brother on the basis of being a victim of racism later appeared on a tv program as an african
Pandya is back in ODI team, but if Shubman Gill performs in the next two matches that may be it for KL Rahul. Pandya did most of the loose talking in KWK, it wouldn’t be wrong to say his career has been screwed by Pandya loose talk
Yes. All seems practical given the weather, literally a miracle needed for either or both to be alive. Never understand why these small aircraft get used at all. Considering the Leicester City chairman died flying out of the stadium these are pointless deaths. FLY ON CHARTERED FLIGHTS. This is a horrible story.
when will bcci embrace pink ball d/n test cricket? apparently they refused to have adelaide as pink ball test due to conditions in final session where the ball nips significantly. also we need to capture gabba, perth and sydney next time
Her jubilation was a marked contrast to Osaka’s maiden Slam win last year, when she tearfully hid her face as boos rang around Flushing Meadows in the wake of losing finalist Serena Williams’ tirade at the umpire. This time, Osaka cried with joy and smiled as she became the youngest woman to win back-to-back majors since Martina Hingis in 1998 and the youngest number one since Caroline Wozniacki in 2010.
Her gutsy performance confirms her status as the leading light of tennis’ new generation.
Big thrashing by Windies over the English. Looks like they got the wood over England after the amazing Headingley win with Shai Hope’s knock. True England won that series but this is a serious drubbing.
Disappointed with Windies showing in Bangladesh who present spinning dustbowls to aid their spinners and lucky to win the toss. Else Windies would have shown a better show probably taken one of the tests from Bangladeshis.
Irony is England played 2 spinners, dropped Broad (who could have made a big difference) only for Chase, a part time spinner to deliver 8 wickets in final innings! England obviously lost the test in 1 pathetic session on Day 2. They have underestimated WI and deserve the thrashing.
Djokovic to win. Federer looks likely to retire this season as he is playing clay court season and wanting to have a ‘bit of fun’. Djokovic looks back to his best. Next gen is gearing up but very difficult against Djokovic or Nadal. They will probably win all slams between themselves this year.
Demolished. Congrats to Serbians and all Djoker fans.
Amazing how Tennis keep throwing greats who rule for over a decade or so. I always wonder why can’t we have new players coming and winning every 2-3 years? Seems one who wins, keep winning till his body retires.
rubbish attitude by bengalaru crowd. they should be ashamed to brand a national hero in that manner. and he does not need to walk if umpire says not out. even on replay, one can’t be sure. maybe pujara didn’t hit it.
Dravid similar incident to Pujara. Both aren’t walkers.I guess Bengalaru crowd only jealous that Pujara has achieved success which Dravid has done before and will overtake Dravid with such knocks. Bengalaru venue should be banned from holding any Test matches henceforth
Supreme Court asks S Sreesanth why he didn’t inform BCCI about being approached for spot-fixing
The apex court observed that conduct of Sreesanth, who is facing life ban for his alleged involvement in the sensational spot-fixing scandal, in the entire episode was “not good”
Khurshid argued that as per allegations, Sreesanth was supposed to concede 14 runs in an over but he gave away 13 runs in that over which he bowled to “two of the best batsmen” — Adam Gilchrist and Shaun Marsh.
“At the worst, it could be said that I (Sreesanth) had the knowledge that somebody was trying to do fixing and I should have brought it to the notice of the authorities. If that is the case, the total ban could be up to five years,” he said. | {
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New York Jets
Jon Gruden was not interested in surfing channels last Saturday night, especially when a wide receiver he helped draft directly out of junior college 10 years ago was playing. Larry Brackins' NFL days are as distant as the end of a rainbow, but he still can make a difference on a football field. Gruden was reminded of that as he watched the Orlando Predators and Brackins beat the Tampa Bay Storm 69-62. "I wonder what the back of Larry's football card looks like in arena ball, because he's got a Hall of Fame-type career going,'' Gruden, the former Tampa Bay Buccaneers coach and now a Monday Night Football analyst, said through an ESPN spokesman. Brackins,...
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Q:
Sybase - SAP ASE - replication server: routing declaration
I'm trying to declare a routing in SAP Replication Server.
I have:
A server (let's call it S1) with ASE and RS server (let's call it RS1).
A server (let's call it S2) with ASE and RS server (let's call it RS2).
A server (let's call it S3) with ASE server.
I have A replication in RS1 from database in S1 to databases in S1 and S2.
Now I'm trying to add a replication to a database in S3 via RS2: a routing from RS1 to RS2 and a subscription to the DB in S3.
I declared the routing, an agent between the 2 RSSDs.
When I'm trying to set the subscription (in RS2) to the databse in S3 I've got an error - saying that it doesn't know the replication definition.
Anyone familiar with routing declaration?
Thanks.
A:
Update: I resolve it.
Especially what I did was arrange the settings and delete duplicates. Then I set up the connections again, and then the subscription.
drop connections.
Drop route.
Purge route - clean up any old references that were created with the failed create route.
suspend connection.
Stop rep agent and ran the rs_zeroltm to tell the rep agent to start at the end of the log and restarted the rep agent.
resume connection
re-created the route between the RSSDs.
verify the replication definitions were copied to the target RSSD
create a subscription
resume the replicate connection on the second RS
Thanks.
| {
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[Immunofluorescent localization of pituitary hormones during embryonic development of Nectophrynoides occidentalis Angel].
From premetamorphosis (end of stage Ib) of Nectophrynoïdes occidentalis (viviparous anuran amphibian) MSH cells are revealed in the pars intermedia of pituitary using cytoimmunofluorescence technique. At the same stage, ACTH-STH-PRL and LH cells are revealed in the pars distalis. The comparison of the order of appearance of different cell categories in the adenohypophysis (considered in the functional point of view) among the embryos of Nectophrynoïdes and the tadpoles of different amphibians allows the emphasis of some analogies and divergences. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Q:
Share specific section of page on facebook
I have multiple facebook share links on my page, corresponding to each section of the page. Is it possible to provide facebook a unique description for each of these shares?
A:
Facebook retrieves the URL being shared and looks for the Open Graph meta tags for the description. Therefore a specific URL can only have a single description. You would have to create different URLs which returned different OG tags in order to achieve this (although the URLs could return the same content). For example, you could add a section query parameter which causes the server to return different OG descriptions. Each Share widget would set the appropriate query parameter for that section.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Villa Stranden is located by the east coast of Jutland, Denmark. The architecture is an interpretation of the classic Danish house with roof pitch. The special shape of the roof and the displacement of the facade sections make a much lighter architectural appearance. To ensure privacy the villa has a closed facade towards the access road. Towards the sea and the great view the villa has an open and maritime looking facade. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Many modern communication devices support operation in multiple different wireless technologies. In many cases, it may be desirable to operate using two different wireless technologies at the same time. For example, a user of a device may wish to carry on a telephone conversation over a cellular wireless link at the same time that he is actively surfing the Internet. A problem that may arise with this concurrent operation is that one of the wireless technologies may interfere with the other. Such interference may occur even if the two wireless technologies operate within different frequency bands. For example, one of the wireless technologies may generate harmonics or other spurious frequency components during operation that are within the operational frequency band of the other wireless technology. Techniques are needed for reducing the amount of interference that may occur when two different wireless technologies are operating concurrently. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
I’ve slightly irritated myself before I’ve even started this post by putting ‘surviving’ in the headline. To be honest, I’ve done it to pander to the kinds of ways I see people talking about this (ergo, perhaps, searching for it). Let me reassure you, there is no survival involved, although you might occasionally get a bit shirty with one another. It is, genuinely, meant to be fun. Sure, there’ll be at least one moment where you’ll threaten to sell your kids to Mickey for a Dole Whip and five minutes’ peace, but come on. You’re in Walt Disney World. You are not suffering. That happens when you get home.
So, that said, there are certainly ways to make the process smoother and ensure that more of the family gets to tick off the things on the wish list without too many rows. Continue reading →
No-one who knows me IRL can fail to have heard about my family’s upcoming trip to Walt Disney World. It’s going to include quite a few members of my extended family, all packing our noisy selves into a villa barely seven miles from the Epcot parking lot.
I. AM. SO. EXCITED.
Now, I could write a whole lot of actually useful stuff about using My Disney Experience (excellent customer service when something weird – not Disney’s fault – went wrong with the tickets), booking FP+, making our Advance Dining Reservations including a date night at Le Cellier… but, you know, the world is already heaving with places to find that information. I’m totally happy to answer questions and share tips, but there are people who devote their entire lives to WDW holiday planning (not least the Disney Parks Moms Panel) – more people than you can shake a stick at, frankly. And instead, I just want to share my excitement through photos.
Don’t get me wrong, I know things have changed. Obviously things have changed. I mean, my Dad labelled one of the photos below as “E.P.C.O.T. Center” (yes, with the unnecessary dots and yes, he can still tell you what it stands for). There are attractions that are never coming back (we don’t have to name The One; come to think of it, maybe we all have a different One). There are attractions that are changed beyond recognition, sometimes for the better, sometimes not. The place that I fell in love with when I was four is not the same place that my daughter, aged four, will now fall in love with. There’s a part of me that’s a little sad about that, but it’s a mistake to ever try to recreate your experience in your child; you are not the same people. It is not the same time. And, as for yourself – well, you can never really go back. I’ve made my peace with that.
But I’m also aware – and, honestly, grateful – that I will carry with me the rose-tinted specs of 1984 and see things through that lens. The new memories I create will be drawn on the top of the ones that are already inked on me, a hundred hidden Mickeys stamped all over, invisible but indelible, each layer smudged, blurred but never wiped out over time.
This week, I found these photos from my first visit. They are the set which went with this one. They make me very, very happy. I cannot wait to have the uniquely wonderful experience of seeing it all unfold through R’s eyes; I got a hint of it at Disneyland Paris, but this is it – the Mother Ship!
On the 31st of May, Walt Disney World’s Magic Kingdom saw the permanent closure of one of its classics, Snow White’s Scary Adventures. Based on the very first of Walt’s feature-length animated films the ride – which over the years was the subject of the most complaints about Disney to the Unoffficial Guide because of its witch-heavy visuals which saw a tamer reworking in the 90s – is lamented by many Disney fans. Although it remains in its original home at Disneyland, at WDW its footprint will eventually be occupied by a princess-y meet and greet, and there will soon be a very different Snow White themed ride in the form of the Seven Dwarfs Mine Train family-friendly coaster.
Personally, I’m really not sorry to see the back of her. I do appreciate the sentiments of those who feel the announcement was not one of Disney’s finest moments, and failed to build momentum and excitement around the coaster to come. I also know some children will inevitably be heartbroken. But Snow White… scared the bejeezus out of me as a four-year-old even though to this day the Haunted Mansion is a beloved favourite; I remember clearly, at my mother’s suggestion, ducking under the safety bar and actually hiding in the front of the cart until Mum told me the coast was clear of deranged old ladies proffering poisoned apples. More to the point, the attraction was crumbling. There’s nothing wrong with the classic ghost-train style dark ride, but it lacked the essential charm of neighbour Peter Pan’s Flight or even the psychedelic lunacy of It’s a Small World (seriously – it’s quite bizarre when you ride it as an adult). It needed a complete rebuild, or scrapping. What with Fantasyland due a huge renovation, scrapping was the order of the day.
There were some touching moments as I watched the Disney community online lay Snow White to rest – this time without a glass coffin or chance of romantic resurrection. A young boy called Ben, who has an autistic spectrum condition, held SWSA in such esteem that he’d ridden it thousands of times. Reports on Twitter quickly circulated saying that Disney Parks cast members had ensured that he got on the ride with Snow White herself, and that his family were among those on the last ever ride.
As someone who is next to return to WDW (whenever that happens) with a young child, I’m delighted that there is finally a focus on the younger element in Fantasyland, the land that most needed it. It surprises people when I say that Magic Kingdom actually does suffer from a lack of really exciting toddler entertainment – at least, for those of us who can’t pop back there regularly for short visits. Apparently, Disneyland Paris does it very well, and I hope we’ll go back some time not too far away to find out.
In the meantime, I had a rather different Snow White experience by going to see Snow White and the Huntsman. That I unenthusiastically tweeted ‘meh out of ten’ right after seeing it really says a lot about how the film left me feeling.
It wasn’t without its positive elements: the concept was essentially good, as were the attempts to flesh out the characters and give depth to the struggle between the evil queen and her step-daughter beyond a bit of petty jealousy. I actually appreciated the ending for not being entirely obvious, and not just for bringing the overlong story to a close. The visuals, which owed a good deal to Lord of the Rings, were stunning, but felt like a smokescreen to conceal the agonisingly dull performances from both Stewart and Theron. The latter did put her back into it, but the spasmodic changes of tone from cool threatening to incandescent rage merely came across as talking very slowly, as if to a tourist, and then going predictably Basil Fawlty. Chris Hemsworth was fine, but bland; a younger Sean Bean he ain’t.
There were also several cringeworthy moments: at one point, the titular huntsman rips Snow White’s skirts from her in order to stop her impeding their progress through the gnarly woods; she is taken aback, understandably, and he sneers “don’t flatter yourself”. Because, evidently, Snow White should find people ripping her clothes off without asking her a compliment, as indeed is all sexual assault.* Plus, as my sister pointed out, he then left said clothes behind as a clear indication of their progress, thus also being a crap huntsman. Then there was the failure to actually bother to cast anyone of restricted height as a dwarf, instead projecting fairytale dwarfism onto some familiar faces.
It wasn’t unwatchable, and there were some deft moments, but with a bit of life, some judicious editing and a snappier pace, it would have been considerably better. I was left wondering if the production rivalry with the apparently very different Mirror, Mirror (which I haven’t seen), forced Snow White and the Huntsman to take itself too seriously, and ruined the dark romp it could have been.
Still, if anyone wants to have a crack at the dark side of The Little Mermaid, I’m all for it.
It seems that now I’ve started blogging more, I can’t stop. And since I’ve just read a book I really enjoyed, for a number of reasons, I feel the need to share this with you.
It’s no shock to anyone that I’m a big Disney parks fan, and anyone who’s ever asked knows my favourite park is Epcot. Since I first visited a mere two years after it opened, it’s always been the park I’ve looked forward to the most. Being a bit techy, a bit foodie, a bit of a traveller, a bit of a geek, it’s the best possible theme park in the world (or World) for me. And knowing that it started life intending to be the model of a future city is just insanely appealing. But I’m an Epcot fan, not an Epcot history buff; I live too far away and visit, by financial necessity, too infrequently to spot every update or track every plan for the space.
Pedersen, a former Unofficial Guide researcher, has taken all that insane appeal and married it to an Epcot (and EPCOT Center) geekery that is truly admirable and a little scary – in a good way. This is not a guide book but a history; it describes the evolution of every single attraction in the park, from Mission: SPACE to the Mexico pavillion and back again. Drawing on planning permits, information released by Imagineers, decades of Walt Disney World promotional literature and much more, it balances scene-by-scene detail with little forays into fun fact territory.
Picking apart an attraction might sound negative, but it’s actually fascinating. Far from destroying the magic, it heightens it; in the case of lost and lamented Horizons, it’s practically the only way those of us who can’t make it to a WED Convention might hope to relive it and share it with those who never got a chance to experience it. The encyclopaedia* layout also means it’s easy to skip over parts that are less personally interesting; I admit the development of Innoventions etc. is not half as interesting to me as the growth of the World Showcase pavillions, so I more-or-less skim read the list of stalls and stands.
I was not tempted to skim elsewhere, however, because the writing style is full of wit, lightheartedness, self-awareness and passion. It made me laugh out loud a couple of times, and smirk a few times more. It could do with a little tidying because annoying language fascists like me might be a little distracted by the odd typo, but given the overall eloquence I feel I’m nitpicking. (Now you know how much I liked it; when have I ever been that laissez-faire about language before?!)
Really my only criticism is that there isn’t more of it. The abrupt ending after the last bit of World Showcase miscellany has been thrown in made me feel a little bereft, especially as there was an engaging introduction. Admittedly I’m unsure what else there was to cover, but I was sorry to see it end and somehow wasn’t expecting it. Perhaps that’s the curse of the Kindle.
The UK edition is currently available from Amazon for Kindle, but a paper copy is forthcoming. You can also follow the author, @EPCOTNRG, on Twitter and visit his website, devoted to the ‘flora, fauna and fun of the world’s greatest theme park’.
Well, it was a pretty spectacular holiday – actually, belated honeymoon. Everything was in our favour: good weather, fun times, well-organised and, best of all, good health all round. We went for a morning swim (I miss that already!), ate loads, walked loads, soaked up the sun and were entertained almost to the point of feeling guilty. I was left with a slight feeling of dread, even; after all that goodness surely something must go wrong?! But even the flights were good. And I’m planning a fear of flying course in the summer to stop me having any more travel-related meltdowns. I don’t want it holding me back. Plans are afoot to book our next trip once the coffers have been replenished. This time to Toronto. I’ve never been to Canada – any recommendations / tips?
My favourite moments are many, so I won’t list them all. But anyone who sets foot within 100 miles of Epcot should get over there are ride Soarin’ (one of the few we rode twice, so brilliant is its gentle, awe-inspiring hang gliding simulation). As mid-price restaurants go, Redrock Canyon Grill is lovely and does the best steak and mashed potato on International Drive by miles. Tarpon Springs is apparently a great place to walk your dog. But if you want to know more about my travels, just check out my Flickr feed, where I shall eventually put the photos.
I really want to talk books. I read three and a half while travelling: Anthony Flew’s There Is a God, a fascinating and highly intelligently written discourse on how the famous atheist found faith; Mark Gatiss’s second Lucifer Box novel, The Devil in Amber (slightly disappointing compared to the first as Box has become a little tiresome, but still amusing enough) and Augusten Burrough’s A Wolf at the Table were the completed ones. The last was relentlessly depressing. I had wondered how Burroughs could make an entire career – spanning some six or seven books – out of a dysfunctional childhood, but I had reckoned without the truly terrifying entity his sociopathic father turned out to be. Read this only if you have a good grip on your emotions; it is highly distressing and uncomfortable, not to mention frightening. There’s even guinea pig death. You were warned.
I’m still picking through Gregory Maguire’s Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister, which is far better than its title. His spare, evocative writing, which I loved so much in Wicked, is put to excellent use once more in a plotline slightly reminiscent of Girl With a Peal Earring (though it might have been published before – I forget). It was totally worth loading up my Sony Reader, even with all the irksome issues I had with Waterstones before we left.
Tomorrow, we begin repainting the living room. I’ve been gently immersing myself back in social media – I relinquished all but my crutch, Twitter, while I was away, mainly to see if I even COULD – and I’ve missed my old friend. Tuesday will herald business as usual: baking, blogging, and dreaming of the next time I’ll have the time and cash to visit WDW.
We landed around 3pm on Thursday and have so far packed in a trip to Sarasota to see my auntie and visit St. Barbara Greek Orthodox Church in Bradenton for a Good Friday service, an evening stroll around the Magic Kingdom taking in Pirates, Small World (Ash’s insistence) and Snow White, a hot air balloon ride, a day at Epcot and a trip to Tarpon Springs followed by an evening at Downtown Disney.
My feet really hurt.
Ash has done all the driving. I’m generally a good and confident driver and enjoy being on the road but when we rented an “intermediate” SUV we forgot that size is different on this side of the Atlantic. The monster Jeep Patriot Dollar handed us scares the living daylights out of me; while I’m not a typical woman in many ways, sadly I fit right in the lousy stereotype category when it comes to spatial awareness. I’m used to a Toyoto Yaris – I ain’t getting behind the wheel of the gargantuan tank in the car park.
The weather has been pleasantly sunny – I have a hint of a burn from the day at Epcot – but we’re due thunderstorms the next couple of days so we’ll probably spend tomorrow indoors trawling the malls, and maybe try Hollywood Studios or hitting Magic Kingdom properly on Tuesday if it starts to get warmer. Then Wednesday we have a fun day planned at Kennedy Space Centre. I haven’t been to Cape Canaveral since I was about 8.
Highlights so far:
Soarin’ @ Epcot – absolutely fantastic gliding simulator. Wish it was longer, but the queues are long enough already!
Test Track and Mission: SPACE are just as good as I remembered too, although the More Intense Training route of the latter does your head in for quite a long time afterwards if you’re even slightly sensitive to motion (Ash doesn’t get motion sickness and felt thoroughly weird for ages).
Gotta love songs from The Simpsons. And you’ve gotta love the feeling of getting in that monorail and zooming towards the best fun you’ll ever have in an organised way ever, ever, ever. And that’s it – that’s ten days of things I love about Disney: the parks, the people and the topiary.
Disorganised blogging from me today. I’m too skittish and flight-nervous to link back to all the previous days (use the tag, though, or scroll down)… | {
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The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a unique feature of the central nervous system (CNS) which isolates the brain from the systemic blood circulation. To maintain the homeostasis of the CNS, the BBB prevents access to the brain of many substances circulating in the blood.
The BBB is formed by a complex cellular system of endothelial cells, astroglia, pericytes, perivascular macrophages, and a basal lamina. Compared to other tissues, brain endothelia have the most intimate cell-to-cell connections; endothelial cells adhere strongly to each other, forming structures specific to the CNS called “tight junctions” or zonula occludens. They involve two opposing plasma membranes which form a membrane fusion with cytoplasmic densities on either side. These tight junctions prevent cell migration or cell movement between endothelial cells. A continuous uniform basement membrane surrounds the brain capillaries. This basal lamina encloses contractile cells called pericytes, which form an intermittent layer and probably play some role in phagocytosis activity and defense if the BBB is breached. Astrocytic end feet, which cover the brain capillaries, build a continuous sleeve and maintain the integrity of the BBB by the synthesis and secretion of soluble growth factors (e.g., gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) essential for the endothelial cells to develop their BBB characteristics.
Because of the BBB, certain non-surgical treatments of the brain based upon systemic introduction of compounds through the bloodstream have been ineffective or less effective. For example, chemotherapy has been relatively ineffective in the treatment of CNS metastases of systemic cancers (e.g., breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, lymphoma, and germ cell tumors), despite clinical regression and even complete remission of these tumors in non-CNS systemic locations. Important factors determining drug delivery from blood into the CNS are lipid solubility, molecular mass, and electrical charge. A good correlation exists between the lipid solubility of a drug, expressed as the octanol/water partition coefficient, and the drug's ability to penetrate or diffuse across the BBB. This is particularly relevant for drugs with molecular weights smaller than 600 dalton (Da). The normal BBB prevents the passage of ionized water soluble drugs with a molecular weight greater than 180 Da. Many currently-available effective chemotherapeutic agents, however, have a molecular weight between 200 and 1200 Da. Therefore, based both on their lipid solubilities, molecular masses, and/or other factors, the passage of many agents is impeded by the BBB.
In addition to transcellular diffusion of lipophilic agents, there are several specific transport mechanisms to carry certain molecules across the brain's endothelial cells. Specific transport proteins exist for required molecules, such as glucose and amino acids. Additionally, absorptive endocytosis and transcytosis occur for cationized plasma proteins. Specific receptors for certain proteins, such as transferrin and insulin, mediate endocytosis and transport across the cell.
Non-surgical treatment of neurological disorders is generally limited to systemic introduction of compounds such as neuropharmaceuticals and other neurologically-active agents that might remedy or modify neurologically-related activities and disorders. Such treatment is limited, however, by the relatively small number of known compounds that pass through the BBB. Even those that do cross the BBB often produce adverse reactions in other parts of the body.
There have been a number of different studies regarding efforts to cross the BBB—specifically, with regard to overcoming the limited access of drugs to the brain. Such efforts have included, for example, chemical modification, development of more hydrophobic analogs, or linking an active compound to a specific carrier. Transient opening of the BBB in humans has been achieved by intracarotid infusion of hypertonic mannitol solutions or bradykinin analogs. Also, modulation of the P-glycoprotein, whose substrates are actively pumped out of brain cells into capillary lumens, has been found to facilitate the delivery of drugs to the brain.
Many pathological conditions, such as stroke, migraine, and Alzheimer's disease, are significantly affected or exacerbated by abnormal cerebral blood flow.
PCT Patent Publication WO 01/85094 to Shalev and Gross, which is assigned to the assignee of the present patent application and is incorporated herein by reference, describes apparatus for modifying a property of a brain of a patient, including electrodes applied to a sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) or a neural tract originating in or leading to the SPG. A control unit drives the electrodes to apply a current capable of inducing (a) an increase in permeability of a blood-brain barrier (BBB) of the patient, (b) a change in cerebral blood flow of the patient, and/or (c) an inhibition of parasympathetic activity of the SPG.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,756,071 to Mattern et al., which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a method for nasally administering aerosols of therapeutic agents to enhance penetration of the blood brain barrier. The patent describes a metering spray designed for pernasal application, the spray containing at least one sex hormone or at least one metabolic precursor of a sex hormone or at least one derivative of a sex hormone or combinations of these, excepting the precursors of testosterone, or at least one biogenic amine, with the exception of catecholamines.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,752,515 to Jolesz et al., which is incorporated herein by reference, describes apparatus for image-guided ultrasound delivery of compounds through the blood-brain barrier. Ultrasound is applied to a site in the brain to effect in the tissues and/or fluids at that location a change detectable by imaging. At least a portion of the brain in the vicinity of the selected location is imaged, e.g., via magnetic resonance imaging, to confirm the location of that change. A compound, e.g., a neuropharmaceutical, in the patient's bloodstream is delivered to the confirmed location by applying ultrasound to effect opening of the blood-brain barrier at that location and, thereby, to induce uptake of the compound there.
PCT Publication WO 01/97905 to Ansarinia, which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a method for the suppression or prevention of various medical conditions, including pain, movement disorders, autonomic disorders, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The method includes positioning an electrode on or proximate to at least one of the patient's SPG, sphenopalatine nerves, or vidian nerves, and activating the electrode to apply an electrical signal to such nerve. In a further embodiment for treating the same conditions, the electrode used is activated to dispense a medication solution or analgesic to such nerve. The '905 publication also describes surgical techniques for implanting the electrode.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,405,079 to Ansarinia, which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a method for the suppression or prevention of various medical conditions, including pain, movement disorders, autonomic disorders, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The method includes positioning an electrode adjacent to or around a sinus, the dura adjacent a sinus, or falx cerebri, and activating the electrode to apply an electrical signal to the site. In a further embodiment for treating the same conditions, the electrode dispenses a medication solution or analgesic to the site. The '079 patent also describes surgical techniques for implanting the electrode.
Samad T A et al., in an article entitled, “Interleukin-1beta-mediated induction of Cox-2 in the CNS contributes to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity,” in Nature 410 (6827):471-5 (2001), describe mechanisms that indicate that preventing central prostanoid production, by inhibiting the interleukin-1beta-mediated induction of Cox-2 in neurons or by inhibiting central Cox-2 activity, may reduce centrally-generated inflammatory pain hypersensitivity.
The following references, which are incorporated herein by reference, may be useful: Delepine L, Aubineau P, “Plasma protein extravasation induced in the rat dura mater by stimulation of the parasympathetic sphenopalatine ganglion,” Experimental Neurology, 147, 389-400 (1997) Hara H, Zhang Q J, Kuroyanagi T, Kobayashi S, “Parasympathetic cerebrovascular innervation: An anterograde tracing from the sphenopalatine ganglion in the rat,” Neurosurgery, 32, 822-827 (1993) Jolliet-Riant P, Tillement J P, “Drug transfer across the blood-brain barrier and improvement of brain delivery,” Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol., 13, 16-25 (1999) Kroll R A, Neuwelt E A, “Outwitting the blood brain barrier for therapeutic purposes: Osmotic opening and other means,” Neurosurgery, 42, 1083-1100 (1998) Sanders M, Zuurmond W W, “Efficacy of sphenopalatine ganglion blockade in 66 patients suffering from cluster headache: A 12-70 month follow-up evaluation,” Journal of Neurosurgery, 87, 876-880 (1997) Syelaz J, Hara H. Pinard E, Mraovitch S, MacKenzie E T, Edvinsson L, “Effects of stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion on cortical blood flow in the rat,” Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism,” 8, 875-878 (1988) Van de Waterbeemd H, Camenisch G, Folkers G, Chretien J R, Raevsky O A, “Estimation of blood brain barrier crossing of drugs using molecular size and shape and h bonding descriptors,” Journal of Drug Targeting,” 6, 151-165, (1998) Suzuki N, Hardebo J E, Kahrstrom J, Owman C, “Selective electrical stimulation of postganglionic cerebrovascular parasympathetic nerve fibers originating from the sphenopalatine ganglion enhances cortical blood flow in the rat,” Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 10, 383-391 (1990) Suzuki N, Hardebo J E, Kahrstrom J, Owman C H, “Effect on cortical blood flow of electrical stimulation of trigeminal cerebrovascular nerve fibres in the rat,” Acta Physiol. Scand., 138, 307-315 (1990) Major A, Silver W, “Odorants presented to the rat nasal cavity increase cortical blood flow,” Chem. Senses, 24, 665-669 (1999) Fusco B M, Fiore G, Gallo F, Martelletti P, Giacovazzo M, “‘Capsaicin-sensitive’ sensory neurons in cluster headache: pathophysiological aspects and therapeutic indications,” Headache, 34, 132-137 (1994) Lambert G A, Bogduk N, Goadsby P J, Duckworth J W, Lance J W, “Decreased carotid arterial resistance in cats in response to trigeminal stimulation,” Journal of Neurosurgery, 61, 307-315 (1984) Silver W L, “Neural and pharmacological basis for nasal irritation,” in Tucker W G, Leaderer B P, Molhave L, Cain W S (eds), Sources of Indoor Air Contaminants, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 641, 152-163 (1992) Silver W, “Chemesthesis: the burning questions,” ChemoSense, Vol 2, 1-2 (1999) Devoghel J C, “Cluster headache and sphenopalatine block,” Acta Anaesthesiol Belg., 32 (1):101-7 (1981) | {
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Here is one of my favorite tutorials I have drawn today. It is a lesson that will show you "how to draw Altair easy", step by step. If you have ever played Assassins Creed, you should know exactly who Altair is. I have done some previous works in the past on the video game mercenary, and because I love him so much, I thought that other people would appreciate a lesson on Altair in a much easier to follow fashion. Assassins Creed is one of my favorite video games of all time, and so is Altair's character. I choose to draw him in his most popular pose which is from the back with him looking over his shoulder. His face is almost always covered in the game with his hooded cloak that he wears. I love how this drawing came out, and I think you guys will love drawing Altair easy. Let me get the other lessons submitted because I really want you guys to start having fun. I will be back in two shakes of a lambs tail so stick around people!
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Welcome to Hyperion Records, an independent British classical label devoted to presenting high-quality recordings of music of all styles and from all periods from the twelfth century to the twenty-first.
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Dum transisset Sabbatum
Introduction
Like John Tavener, Jonathan Harvey (b1939) has drawn compositional inspiration from religious material. Harvey has also been inspired by many composers and theorists: Erwin Stein, Hans Keller, Schoenberg, Babbit, Schenke, Britten, Tippett and others. In his early years, Harvey deliberately cultivated an eclectic outlook in his own music, although many of the works from this period were withdrawn. He is also an enthusiastic electro-acoustic composer, and has worked at the Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM) in Paris. Perhaps it is these multifarious influences which contribute to Harvey’s rich and varied compositional output.
Dum transisset sabbatum was commissioned for the 1995 City of London Festival Service and first performed by the choir at St Paul’s Cathedral conducted by John Scott on 2 July 1995. The composer has kindly provided the following note for this recording:
The motet takes a seemingly simple moment from the Gospel, significant because it is a very feminine moment in a masculine doctrine and a moment of great mystical power, on the verge of Christianity as a supernatural force. The ‘virtuosic vocality’ is a celebration of the florid, ecstatic atmosphere of Easter morning. The exuberant lines—usually one fast, one medium speed and one slow—are woven through eight modes which recur in order with ever shorter time-spans until they are crunched into chords at the end.
Recordings
'St Paul's is the king of cathedral choirs, and the sound of their singing, with the majesty of the organ in the awesome reverberance of the great bui ...'Truly heroic performances from the St Paul's Choir which is on top form. A memorable record' (Organists' Review)» More
When the sabbath was past: Mary Magdalen, Mary the mother of James, and Salome bought spices so that they might go and annoint Jesus. Alleluia. Very early on the first day of the week, they went to the tomb: the sun was just rising. Alleluia. | {
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SPONSORS
We want to give you a million options in events but as this spreads in popularity, at times we need to make our own opportunities. This is an awesome game which can be played anywhere (try 1v1, 2v2, 3v3, etc!) and you don't need special equipment to make this happen! Adapt your own net by just tying it lower, or simply use a ribbon or rope. No matter if your 'event' is organized or primitive...you'll be sure to fall in love with this discipline!
Here are some upcoming opportunities!If you or your club would like to host an event, or if you'd like more information on simply implementing sitting volleyball into your usual indoor practices, email michelle@iavbreg.org for suggestions on making this happen! | {
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Shao Shuai (footballer, born 1997)
Shao Shuai (; born 10 March 1997) is a Chinese footballer currently playing as a defender for Beijing Renhe.
Career statistics
Club
Notes
References
Category:1997 births
Category:Living people
Category:Chinese footballers
Category:Association football defenders
Category:Chinese Super League players
Category:Beijing Guoan F.C. players | {
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In The
Court of Appeals
Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
______________________________
No. 06-05-00177-CR
______________________________
HORACE EARL JONES, Appellant
Â
V.
Â
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
                                             Â
On Appeal from the 124th Judicial District Court
Gregg County, Texas
Trial Court No. 32319-B
                                                Â
Before Morriss, C.J., Ross and Carter, JJ.
Memorandum Opinion by Chief Justice Morriss
MEMORANDUM OPINION
            Without the benefit of any plea agreement, Horace Earl Jones threw himself on the mercy
of the trial court and pled guilty to two charges of delivery of a controlled substance,
dihydrocodeinone, which offenses occurred on two dates separated by almost a month. After
administering the necessary admonishments, the trial court accepted Jones' pleas and found him
guilty in both cases. The trial court sentenced Jones to eight years' confinement on the first case and
ten years' confinement on the second. The trial court then ordered Jones' sentences to run
consecutively.
            Jones asserts the trial court erred in cumulating, or "stacking," his two sentences, even though
he had not been given notice that the State would ask for sentence stacking. Jones concedes the
decision to cumulate or run sentences concurrently is within the trial court's discretion. See Tex.
Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.08 (Vernon Supp. 2005); Smith v. State, 575 S.W.2d 41 (Tex. Crim.
App. [Panel Op.] 1979), overruled in part on other grounds, LaPorte v. State, 840 S.W.2d 412 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1992). But he complains the State failed to provide him with notice that it would ask
the trial court to stack the sentences for the two charges.
            At Jones' plea hearing, along with other basic admonishments,
the trial court advised Jones
it could stack the sentences it imposed. "And I've been known to do it," continued the trial court,
making sure there was no doubt in Jones' mind about the sentencing possibilities. The trial court
made clear, by questioning the State, as well as Jones and his attorney, that this was "truly [an] open
plea" before the trial court, and no plea agreement had been reached by the parties.
            Jones does not provide this Court with any authority for his claim he was entitled to notice
the State would ask the trial court to stack his sentences. He claims that the failure of the State to
so notify him deprived him of his due process rights. There is no due process deprivation in a trial
court's exercise of its discretion in cumulating sentences under Article 42.08 of the Texas Code of
Criminal Procedure. Johnson v. State, 492 S.W.2d 505, 506 (Tex. Crim. App. 1973); Hammond v.
State, 465 S.W.2d 748, 752 (Tex. Crim. App. 1971).
            We find there is no requirement of prior notice before a trial court exercises its discretionary
power to cumulate sentences. See Tyson v. State, Nos. 2-03-375-CR, 2-03-376-CR, 2005 Tex. App.
LEXIS 6424, at *6â7 (Tex. App.âFort Worth Aug. 11, 2005, no pet. h.); Millslagle v. State, 150
S.W.3d 781, 784â85 (Tex. App.âAustin 2004, pet. dism'd).
Jones has directed us to no authority
to support his contention he was entitled to notice that the State would ask the trial court to cumulate,
or stack, the sentences.
Nor have we found any such authority. Accordingly, we overrule Jones'
point of error and affirm the trial court's judgment.
Â
Â
                                                                                    Josh R. Morriss, III
                                                                                    Chief Justice
Date Submitted:Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â November 8, 2005
Date Decided:Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â November 10, 2005
Do Not Publish
eption Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
Â
Â
Â
Â
Â
Â
Â
Â
Â
In
The
Court
of Appeals
                       Sixth
Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
Â
                                               ______________________________
Â
                                                            No. 06-11-00157-CR
                                               ______________________________
Â
Â
                                RAYMOND KEITH WALLS,
Appellant
Â
                                                               V.
Â
                                    THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
Â
Â
                                                                                                 Â
Â
Â
                                     On Appeal from the 102nd
Judicial District Court
                                                         Red
River County, Texas
                                                         Trial Court
No. CR01624
Â
                                                   Â
                                             Â
Â
Â
Â
                                         Before Morriss, C.J.,
Carter and Moseley, JJ.
                                             Memorandum Opinion by Justice Carter
                                                     MEMORANDUM OPINION
Â
           Raymond
Keith Walls appeals from his conviction for assault. See
Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 22.01(a),
(b)(2)(B) (West 2011). Walls attorney
on appeal has filed a brief which discusses the record and reviews the
proceedings in detail, providing possible issues, but explaining why they
cannot succeed. Â Counsel has thus
provided a professional evaluation of the record demonstrating why, in effect,
there are no arguable grounds to be advanced. Â This meets the requirements of Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738
(1967); Stafford v. State, 813 S.W.2d
503 (Tex. Crim. App. 1981); and High v.
State, 573 S.W.2d 807 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1978).
           Counsel
mailed a copy of the brief and a letter to Walls on November 16, 2011,
informing Walls of his right to file a pro se response and his right to review
the record of the trial proceedings in doing so.  Walls brief was due to be filed in this Court
on December 16, 2011. As of this date, no
brief has been filed and no request for extension has been made. Â Counsel has also filed a motion with this
Court seeking to withdraw as counsel in this appeal.
           We have
determined that this appeal is wholly frivolous. Â We have independently reviewed the clerkÂs
record and the reporterÂs record, and find no genuinely arguable issue. Â See Halbert v. Michigan, 545 U.S. 605, 623 (2005).
 We, therefore, agree with counselÂs
assessment that no arguable issues support an appeal. Â See Bledsoe v. State, 178 S.W.3d 824, 826Â27
(Tex. Crim. App. 2005).
           We take note, though,
of an inaccuracy in the trial courtÂs judgment.  The judgment states Walls pled Âtrue to the
two enhancement paragraphs, where in fact he pled Ânot true.ÂÂ We amend the judgment to reflect WallsÂ
pleas.[1]
           As amended,
we affirm the trial courtÂs judgment.[2]Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
Â
Â
                                                                                   Jack
Carter
                                                                                   Justice
Â
Date Submitted:Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â January
30, 2012
Date Decided:Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â January
31, 2012
Â
Do Not Publish         Â
Â
Â
Â
Â
Â
[1]Appellate
courts have the authority to reform the judgment to make the record speak the
truth when the matter has been called to its attention by any source. Â French
v. State, 830 S.W.2d 607 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992). Â In Asberry
v. State, 813 S.W.2d 526 (Tex. App.ÂDallas
1991, pet. ref'd), the court noted that the authority of the appellate court to
reform incorrect judgments is not dependent on request of any party and that
the appellate court may act sua sponte.Â
The Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure provide direct authority for this
Court to modify the judgment of the trial court. Â Tex. R.
App. P. 43.2(b).
Â
[2]Since
we agree this case presents no reversible error, we also, in accordance with Anders, grant counsel's request to
withdraw from further representation of appellant in this case. Â No substitute counsel will be appointed.
Should appellant wish to seek further review of this case by the Texas Court of
Criminal Appeals, appellant must either retain an attorney to file a petition
for discretionary review or appellant must file a pro se petition for
discretionary review. Any petition for discretionary review must be filed
within thirty days from the date of either this opinion or the last timely
motion for rehearing or for en banc reconsideration was overruled by this
Court. Â See Tex. R. App. P.
68.2. Â Any petition for discretionary
review must be filed with the clerk of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. See
Tex. R. App. P. 68.3 (amended by
the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Misc. Docket No. 11-104, effective Sept. 1,
2011). Any petition for discretionary review should comply with the
requirements of Rule 68.4 of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. Â See Tex. R. App. P. 68.4.
| {
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An evaluation of a support group for breast-feeding women in Salisbury, UK.
To evaluate a newly set-up breast-feeding support group. SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, DESIGN AND ANALYSIS: Lay 'Bosom Buddies' were trained, and ran a weekly drop-in group with a breast-feeding counsellor and a midwife in a socio-economically disadvantaged housing estate. During the first 31 weeks, 53 breast-feeding women attended and consent was sought to send an anonymous postal questionnaire six weeks after their first attendance. Content analysis and descriptive statistics have been used. The response rate to the questionnaire was 87% (45/52) with 76% of respondents (34/45) reporting that they were still breast feeding. Only four women had discontinued for the reason for which they had initially attended the group. While the greatest value of the group was considered by the women to relate to its function in supporting breast feeding, 46% (141/305) of the aspects identified by them as being 'good' related to issues of a predominantly psychosocial nature. Of the women sent questionnaires 38% (20/52) came from areas with high or medium unemployment. This group appears to be highly successful in supporting women to continue to breast feed for at least six weeks following their first attendance. It also appears to provide psycho-social benefits. | {
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