Duplicate from RogerFerrod/GroundSet

Co-authored-by: Roger Ferrod <RogerFerrod@users.noreply.huggingface.co>

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+*.7z filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.arrow filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.avro filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.bin filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.bz2 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.ckpt filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.ftz filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.gz filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.h5 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.joblib filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.lfs.* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.lz4 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.mds filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.mlmodel filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.model filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.msgpack filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.npy filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.npz filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.onnx filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.ot filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.parquet filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.pb filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.pickle filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.pkl filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.pt filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.pth filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.rar filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.safetensors filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+saved_model/**/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.tar.* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.tar filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.tflite filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.tgz filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.wasm filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.xz filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.zip filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.zst filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*tfevents* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+# Audio files - uncompressed
+*.pcm filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.sam filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.raw filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+# Audio files - compressed
+*.aac filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.flac filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.mp3 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.ogg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.wav filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+# Image files - uncompressed
+*.bmp filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.gif filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.tiff filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+# Image files - compressed
+*.jpg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.jpeg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.webp filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+# Video files - compressed
+*.mp4 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.webm filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+train/GroundSet_TRAIN_it.json filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+instructions/train/GroundSet_TRAIN_it.json filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+---
+license: cc-by-4.0
+task_categories:
+- visual-question-answering
+- object-detection
+- image-segmentation
+- text-generation
+- zero-shot-image-classification
+language:
+- en
+tags:
+- image
+- text
+- geospatial
+
+- remote-sensing
+- earth-observation
+- spatial-understanding
+- vision-language-model
+- cadastral
+- vector-data
+- aerial-imagery
+
+- parquet
+- datasets
+- geopandas
+
+- arxiv:2603.12345
+pretty_name: GroundSet
+size_categories:
+- 100K<n<1M
+---
+
+# GroundSet: A Cadastral-Grounded Dataset for Spatial Understanding with Vector Data
+
+[![Paper](https://img.shields.io/badge/arXiv-Paper-b31b1b.svg)](http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.14609)
+[![Model](https://img.shields.io/badge/🤗_Hub-Models-ffd21e.svg)](https://huggingface.co/RogerFerrod/GroundSet-LLaVA-1.6-7B)
+[![Code](https://img.shields.io/badge/GitHub-Code-181717.svg)](https://github.com/rogerferrod/GroundSet)
+
+GroundSet is a large-scale Earth Observation dataset grounded in verifiable cadastral vector data, designed to bridge the gap in fine-grained spatial understanding for modern Multimodal Models. 
+
+The dataset is built upon high-resolution (20 cm) optical aerial orthophotos and legally verified vector data provided by the French national mapping agency (IGN). It features high semantic richness and geometric precision, enabling robust model training for complex geospatial tasks.
+
+### 📊 Key Statistics
+* **Pretraining Scale:** 3.8 million annotated objects across 510k high-resolution images.
+* **Finetuning Scale:** 880k objects across 60k images, with 1.8M instruction queries.
+* **Semantic Granularity:** 135 highly specific semantic categories (e.g., power plants, heritage sites, crops, etc.).
+* **Supported Tasks:** Scene captioning, localized classification, object detection, multi-class detection, referring expression comprehension (REC), segmentation and Visual Question Answering (VQA).
+
+![GroundSet Dataset Overview showing finetuning tasks](./docs/overview.jpg)
+*GroundSet overview showing finetuning tasks*
+
+---
+
+## 🗂️ Dataset Structure
+
+The repository is organized into two primary components: a pretraining dataset featuring raw geometric annotations (including bounding boxes, lines and polygons), and a supervised fine-tuning (SFT) dataset specifically tailored for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) using an instruction-based format. 
+For efficiency, all image and metadata pairs are stored in Parquet files.
+```text
+GroundSet/
+│
+├── pretraining/        <-- (Parquet files containing images and raw JSON annotations)
+├── finetuning/         <-- (Parquet files containing images and raw JSON annotations)
+└── instructions/       
+    ├── train/          <-- (Single JSON file with training instructions)
+    └── test/           <-- (JSONL files with testing instructions)
+```
+
+### 1. Pretraining Split
+The pretraining dataset contains the full-scale release. It comprises 510,483 patches containing 3,829,755 objects across 135 unique categories. This release is intended to support broader research beyond the standard MLLM instruction tuning paradigm. 
+
+> **⚠️ Warning:** To prevent data leakage, the pretraining dataset does not contain any of the samples used in the finetuning subset.
+
+### 2. Finetuning Split
+This subset is tailored specifically for supervised fine-tuning and contains the visual data (60k images) and raw annotations corresponding to the instruction sets. We partition the visual data of this finetuning dataset into 14,000 images for testing and 45,988 images for training. 
+
+> **💡 Note:** This split houses the actual image files referenced by the Q&A pairs in the Instructions subset.
+
+### 3. Instructions
+The instructions subset contains the actual textual question-answer pairs required to train and evaluate vision-language models on the images from the Finetuning split:
+* **Train:** A single JSON file containing a total of 1,845,076 instructions used to train our baseline.
+* **Test:** JSONL files containing 72,597 evaluation instructions. 
+
+---
+
+## 💾 Data Format
+
+The dataset uses Parquet files to bundle the images and their corresponding metadata. Each row in the Parquet files contains the following fields:
+
+* `image`: The PIL Image object (decoded from the raw bytes). The images are patches with a size of 672x672 pixels, corresponding to a spatial extent of approximately 134x134 meters.
+* `file_name`: The original filename of the aerial patch.
+* `json`: A stringified JSON payload containing the raw metadata and geometric annotations. Annotations can include Horizontal Bounding Boxes (HBB), Oriented Bounding Boxes (OBB) and polygonal segmentation masks.
+
+The instruction files format the question-answer pairs and are stored directly in standard JSON or JSONL format.
+
+---
+
+
+## 🔍 Qualitative Samples
+
+The cadastral vector data provides exact boundaries for diverse and highly specific infrastructure across varied environments (urban, rural, alpine, maritime). 
+
+![Qualitative samples from the GroundSet dataset showing semantic and geometric annotations](./docs/examples.jpg)
+*Qualitative samples from the GroundSet dataset showing semantic and geometric annotations*
+
+---
+
+## 💻 Usage Example
+You can easily load and parse the dataset using the Hugging Face datasets library. Because the json column is stored as a string, you can parse it into a Python dictionary using the standard json library.
+```python
+from datasets import load_dataset
+import json
+
+# 1. Load the finetuning dataset split
+dataset = load_dataset("RogerFerrod/GroundSet", data_dir="finetuning", split="train")
+
+# 2. Inspect a single sample
+sample = dataset[0]
+
+# The image is immediately accessible as a PIL object
+image = sample["image"]
+file_name = sample["file_name"]
+
+# 3. Parse the JSON string into a dictionary
+annotations = json.loads(sample["json"])
+
+print(f"File: {file_name}")
+print(f"Raw Annotations: {annotations}")
+
+# --- Loading Instructions ---
+# You can load the instructions similarly:
+train_instructions = load_dataset("RogerFerrod/GroundSet", data_dir="instructions/train", split="train")
+print(train_instructions[0])
+```
+
+
+## 📝 Citation
+
+If you utilize this dataset in your research, please consider citing the original work:
+
+```bibtex
+@article{groundset,
+  title={GroundSet: A Cadastral-Grounded Dataset for Spatial Understanding with Vector Data},
+  author={Ferrod, Roger and Lecene, Ma{\"e}l and Sapkota, Krishna and Leifman, George and Silverman, Vered and Beryozkin, Genady and Lobry, Sylvain},
+  journal={arXiv preprint},
+  year={2026}
+}
+```
+
+## 🙌 Acknowledgements
+This work was supported by Google under a research collaboration agreement with Université Paris Cité. The underlying GroundSet dataset leverages official data from IGN (French National Institute of Geographic and Forest Information), specifically BD ORTHO® and BD TOPO®, released under Open Licence 2.0.

finetuning/test-00000-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:93cb9f586bb12532ba8d8b2016b4762a817e795428d8e38fa34f4044d2ed173a
+size 476372269

finetuning/test-00001-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:7fab322da4daa89c97c31206ed94cd5ab0306562b93048354ec4b2aad7fb207d
+size 476994490

finetuning/test-00002-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:e2eee76d4f4aa1ab00d5289e99427e75c46e0fc64aa3da0456a7fdebebe1559c
+size 475822006

finetuning/test-00003-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:0575338af47dae84d48f8ddca90cab17790a1db56aa90037dbdfb2803a41ea69
+size 477329747

finetuning/test-00004-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:3d16e4b7c144a44d123b635406040ed01c77e4aec0fa8fef33568372323556f0
+size 478537009

finetuning/test-00005-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:a183fd718a491f1c0b9aa897cf28e18002c3b8fa2e19cdedd16220ae42490c10
+size 480278977

finetuning/test-00006-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:d6c3d25d74b932214e1a83d31eacecba8dba67a99742f1a1e8ce5ba921767cdf
+size 479099550

finetuning/test-00007-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:e36fddb81622ea657a69ade895866ab3c165c97dfb5260ed6ffa21ac823f0d58
+size 479230337

finetuning/test-00008-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:bdb94f4322244f8f4f78463a683fcd3fff8ba51cb0237ed4e5e9e94329d571fe
+size 477626024

finetuning/test-00009-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:4b36fd693c27e6415de8a4646b3e0b9c608fd3434229d2232826faf314548612
+size 475761473

finetuning/test-00010-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:e6c326ed32ca07b88bfa1aacc676e674409699ecb826e721f433833bea556a0a
+size 479808970

finetuning/test-00011-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:4e6f74f64eceea938db51292b434a14c7981ba172ee4de0d34ea64401cade76f
+size 478968145

finetuning/test-00012-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:aab063ec18a338ad8b7cc9e411297dd77c8e3ef3e5bf347e76414cf99b0d0c95
+size 479594623

finetuning/test-00013-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:7d3c2f03b39d2094838195d029a6fde087a3e84fb27655633ec9b2a2f4f46b87
+size 478600326

finetuning/test-00014-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:d986061905ee613d6b19d544b39fa39e9aaa39de23438b50fd1d1598d7cf3635
+size 478936135

finetuning/test-00015-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:0ccd48c978abe0bbf44ee4972a0ac2ea50dbcedfb5e59915d20434873a7d7498
+size 474821115

finetuning/test-00016-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:efadedeb70beb9b53bd0fd9733712f0c45f8f2677aebf41ef933f8bbc4529037
+size 479326415

finetuning/test-00017-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:c573ffa7512b7ede2a5c3dcf82c4cb4c891099b2a757805794cd8fa378297cd0
+size 476683669

finetuning/test-00018-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:d840c3e821d48fd2881eb631933c65e796436cec9fcaaf37103f9d3cb4f76dcb
+size 478070422

finetuning/test-00019-of-00020.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:ce1037f8c9dcc5c1aecd5efc00ddfc7f92b0aebf33a5ef7ae4683d27660ab5ab
+size 477197930

finetuning/train-00000-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:9b285e4217be68f1b91167726f4857b4c347da4cb9c45d596b3999b19571c5b9
+size 497511316

finetuning/train-00001-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:39e905ec5b658cfab77c4f86b2d88bae698c3b1a228096feba349b83e76e09e2
+size 500197568

finetuning/train-00002-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:27f178af7f6803d24a6eac1816a39f531f64b72b116d67d23b51ec4613df5414
+size 498390604

finetuning/train-00003-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:8f24ceb28a451a11f48d7ac8a1bf232694acbac3d45eab513284f4679aa42372
+size 498257729

finetuning/train-00004-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:6f9aaaa90e77d15d114bd2038bfa509c04d39b2afd9f7b3cafa25766d458ce47
+size 498817170

finetuning/train-00005-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:88212309029a91e4ca75cc87bbc548b4b30b0c7a61a9250ed98ee12ed90477a6
+size 498044219

finetuning/train-00006-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:79867bc1a9f8f17d884bcc8f7524074f48f8c238bd5c39c2991ef58d909c133a
+size 501560640

finetuning/train-00007-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:6ff5eda2ca250f50b030cdb8f47ac1bff2d3790292f34b57718566da7683ffcd
+size 498651968

finetuning/train-00008-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:05b1c65b80d42ff946dc3fd453d1994d947be526adf8f3ae1f0cd802e9edb1a3
+size 498562474

finetuning/train-00009-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:c7e9f89b69cb497741ecac1f49ce72a5046a2c6711c5021fa3acf3867ebbd657
+size 498845037

finetuning/train-00010-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:9aa99119f64834b9659e13c4470033ad323920d43084c28f04d93697b318bca8
+size 498601359

finetuning/train-00011-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:51bc904737ee4f5af258463f92ed8515faa9f3a45a21c972b1987d3b2f2c2689
+size 500242449

finetuning/train-00012-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:700f56f3632e2d132d886a1b6560e0176db8685160ceb027a44ce2a112d66231
+size 498118532

finetuning/train-00013-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:10b9d46dba395d530e8c674858881dfaa150b74cea48dd7f1151e49a995817b5
+size 497334174

finetuning/train-00014-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:8517f422b01c56a7c7ec42180feba77d8022c7af1501894fe7051a96c0ea59ca
+size 497730166

finetuning/train-00015-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:0af409cd2373fe1bd71482ed42a177a201c05dda18d32eb9cfee7765b4c3539e
+size 501713411

finetuning/train-00016-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:e0d79348d6e3d8e98f5a5447372065b434e447e6977428a62ff8a1234d08f6d9
+size 496959395

finetuning/train-00017-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:a89aa482db9bf7a67929feb9510596ecb0528891e80fbb8307e2b9d114dfb346
+size 493816350

finetuning/train-00018-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:89c9c0de808bb2748624b731b42ad8ae10a68319e77859cf22420b9f63c9a0db
+size 497698289

finetuning/train-00019-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:c68a542eca786abf36a65cb0a6c6f4fc9e1d41de4764649d207cac4b2e08de5b
+size 500743801

finetuning/train-00020-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:2bc674c8ea9aca6f7c3b531e3f62d9fab98438a4aaf15594321870a7fc2abc76
+size 500184458

finetuning/train-00021-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:95238dbbd6dbcad51b156742d6218eeaaea1a1f34e70a3ebe79f231de98d722f
+size 494094109

finetuning/train-00022-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:a70f7a3fc2a5a48d90b50b342e278a74743d21a607296c070dfc695c6e2797f0
+size 496862211

finetuning/train-00023-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:92d5fd17aaccc506643e905c72a56d4f0e247ed342905c006ba0d86b76d3ec91
+size 494530281

finetuning/train-00024-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:3b6b8710c4f75ed391cd2c021cb53374935b4d59b834eaae5ac421e9bce5a0ea
+size 497943676

finetuning/train-00025-of-00063.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:c0b5eb6e1e1b7bc1b1f1806d7c418c8fd52381940a5c5a06a0937bd20ded571e
+size 501192794