Datasets:
imppres

{"presupposition_all_n_presupposition": {"description": "Over >25k semiautomatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. IMPPRES is an NLI dataset following the format of SNLI (Bowman et al., 2015), MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) and XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018), which was created to evaluate how well trained NLI models recognize several classes of presuppositions and scalar implicatures.", "citation": "@inproceedings{jeretic-etal-2020-natural,\n title = \"Are Natural Language Inference Models {IMPPRESsive}? {L}earning {IMPlicature} and {PRESupposition}\",\n author = \"Jereti\u000b{c}, Paloma and\n Warstadt, Alex and\n Bhooshan, Suvrat and\n Williams, Adina\",\n booktitle = \"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n month = jul,\n year = \"2020\",\n address = \"Online\",\n publisher = \"Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n url = \"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.768\",\n doi = \"10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.768\",\n pages = \"8690--8705\",\n abstract = \"Natural language inference (NLI) is an increasingly important task for natural language understanding, which requires one to infer whether a sentence entails another. However, the ability of NLI models to make pragmatic inferences remains understudied. We create an IMPlicature and PRESupposition diagnostic dataset (IMPPRES), consisting of 32K semi-automatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. We use IMPPRES to evaluate whether BERT, InferSent, and BOW NLI models trained on MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) learn to make pragmatic inferences. Although MultiNLI appears to contain very few pairs illustrating these inference types, we find that BERT learns to draw pragmatic inferences. It reliably treats scalar implicatures triggered by {``}some{''} as entailments. For some presupposition triggers like {``}only{''}, BERT reliably recognizes the presupposition as an entailment, even when the trigger is embedded under an entailment canceling operator like negation. BOW and InferSent show weaker evidence of pragmatic reasoning. We conclude that NLI training encourages models to learn some, but not all, pragmatic inferences.\",\n}\n", "homepage": "https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres", "license": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License", "features": {"premise": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "hypothesis": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger1": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger2": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "presupposition": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "gold_label": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "UID": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "pairID": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "paradigmID": {"dtype": "int16", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "imppres", "config_name": "presupposition_all_n_presupposition", "version": {"version_str": "1.1.0", "description": null, "major": 1, "minor": 1, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"all_n_presupposition": {"name": "all_n_presupposition", "num_bytes": 458492, "num_examples": 1900, "dataset_name": "imppres"}}, "download_checksums": {"https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres/blob/master/dataset/IMPPRES.zip?raw=true": {"num_bytes": 335088, "checksum": "f1f4ab03aec2248dcfbcb00b80e6099c592751cca2b542b208c6cf46f2926937"}}, "download_size": 335088, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 458492, "size_in_bytes": 793580}, "presupposition_both_presupposition": {"description": "Over >25k semiautomatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. IMPPRES is an NLI dataset following the format of SNLI (Bowman et al., 2015), MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) and XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018), which was created to evaluate how well trained NLI models recognize several classes of presuppositions and scalar implicatures.", "citation": "@inproceedings{jeretic-etal-2020-natural,\n title = \"Are Natural Language Inference Models {IMPPRESsive}? {L}earning {IMPlicature} and {PRESupposition}\",\n author = \"Jereti\u000b{c}, Paloma and\n Warstadt, Alex and\n Bhooshan, Suvrat and\n Williams, Adina\",\n booktitle = \"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n month = jul,\n year = \"2020\",\n address = \"Online\",\n publisher = \"Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n url = \"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.768\",\n doi = \"10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.768\",\n pages = \"8690--8705\",\n abstract = \"Natural language inference (NLI) is an increasingly important task for natural language understanding, which requires one to infer whether a sentence entails another. However, the ability of NLI models to make pragmatic inferences remains understudied. We create an IMPlicature and PRESupposition diagnostic dataset (IMPPRES), consisting of 32K semi-automatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. We use IMPPRES to evaluate whether BERT, InferSent, and BOW NLI models trained on MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) learn to make pragmatic inferences. Although MultiNLI appears to contain very few pairs illustrating these inference types, we find that BERT learns to draw pragmatic inferences. It reliably treats scalar implicatures triggered by {``}some{''} as entailments. For some presupposition triggers like {``}only{''}, BERT reliably recognizes the presupposition as an entailment, even when the trigger is embedded under an entailment canceling operator like negation. BOW and InferSent show weaker evidence of pragmatic reasoning. We conclude that NLI training encourages models to learn some, but not all, pragmatic inferences.\",\n}\n", "homepage": "https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres", "license": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License", "features": {"premise": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "hypothesis": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger1": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger2": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "presupposition": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "gold_label": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "UID": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "pairID": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "paradigmID": {"dtype": "int16", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "imppres", "config_name": "presupposition_both_presupposition", "version": {"version_str": "1.1.0", "description": null, "major": 1, "minor": 1, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"both_presupposition": {"name": "both_presupposition", "num_bytes": 432792, "num_examples": 1900, "dataset_name": "imppres"}}, "download_checksums": {"https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres/blob/master/dataset/IMPPRES.zip?raw=true": {"num_bytes": 335088, "checksum": "f1f4ab03aec2248dcfbcb00b80e6099c592751cca2b542b208c6cf46f2926937"}}, "download_size": 335088, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 432792, "size_in_bytes": 767880}, "presupposition_change_of_state": {"description": "Over >25k semiautomatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. IMPPRES is an NLI dataset following the format of SNLI (Bowman et al., 2015), MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) and XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018), which was created to evaluate how well trained NLI models recognize several classes of presuppositions and scalar implicatures.", "citation": "@inproceedings{jeretic-etal-2020-natural,\n title = \"Are Natural Language Inference Models {IMPPRESsive}? {L}earning {IMPlicature} and {PRESupposition}\",\n author = \"Jereti\u000b{c}, Paloma and\n Warstadt, Alex and\n Bhooshan, Suvrat and\n Williams, Adina\",\n booktitle = \"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n month = jul,\n year = \"2020\",\n address = \"Online\",\n publisher = \"Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n url = \"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.768\",\n doi = \"10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.768\",\n pages = \"8690--8705\",\n abstract = \"Natural language inference (NLI) is an increasingly important task for natural language understanding, which requires one to infer whether a sentence entails another. However, the ability of NLI models to make pragmatic inferences remains understudied. We create an IMPlicature and PRESupposition diagnostic dataset (IMPPRES), consisting of 32K semi-automatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. We use IMPPRES to evaluate whether BERT, InferSent, and BOW NLI models trained on MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) learn to make pragmatic inferences. Although MultiNLI appears to contain very few pairs illustrating these inference types, we find that BERT learns to draw pragmatic inferences. It reliably treats scalar implicatures triggered by {``}some{''} as entailments. For some presupposition triggers like {``}only{''}, BERT reliably recognizes the presupposition as an entailment, even when the trigger is embedded under an entailment canceling operator like negation. BOW and InferSent show weaker evidence of pragmatic reasoning. We conclude that NLI training encourages models to learn some, but not all, pragmatic inferences.\",\n}\n", "homepage": "https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres", "license": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License", "features": {"premise": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "hypothesis": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger1": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger2": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "presupposition": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "gold_label": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "UID": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "pairID": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "paradigmID": {"dtype": "int16", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "imppres", "config_name": "presupposition_change_of_state", "version": {"version_str": "1.1.0", "description": null, "major": 1, "minor": 1, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"change_of_state": {"name": "change_of_state", "num_bytes": 308627, "num_examples": 1900, "dataset_name": "imppres"}}, "download_checksums": {"https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres/blob/master/dataset/IMPPRES.zip?raw=true": {"num_bytes": 335088, "checksum": "f1f4ab03aec2248dcfbcb00b80e6099c592751cca2b542b208c6cf46f2926937"}}, "download_size": 335088, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 308627, "size_in_bytes": 643715}, "presupposition_cleft_existence": {"description": "Over >25k semiautomatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. IMPPRES is an NLI dataset following the format of SNLI (Bowman et al., 2015), MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) and XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018), which was created to evaluate how well trained NLI models recognize several classes of presuppositions and scalar implicatures.", "citation": "@inproceedings{jeretic-etal-2020-natural,\n title = \"Are Natural Language Inference Models {IMPPRESsive}? {L}earning {IMPlicature} and {PRESupposition}\",\n author = \"Jereti\u000b{c}, Paloma and\n Warstadt, Alex and\n Bhooshan, Suvrat and\n Williams, Adina\",\n booktitle = \"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n month = jul,\n year = \"2020\",\n address = \"Online\",\n publisher = \"Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n url = \"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.768\",\n doi = \"10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.768\",\n pages = \"8690--8705\",\n abstract = \"Natural language inference (NLI) is an increasingly important task for natural language understanding, which requires one to infer whether a sentence entails another. However, the ability of NLI models to make pragmatic inferences remains understudied. We create an IMPlicature and PRESupposition diagnostic dataset (IMPPRES), consisting of 32K semi-automatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. We use IMPPRES to evaluate whether BERT, InferSent, and BOW NLI models trained on MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) learn to make pragmatic inferences. Although MultiNLI appears to contain very few pairs illustrating these inference types, we find that BERT learns to draw pragmatic inferences. It reliably treats scalar implicatures triggered by {``}some{''} as entailments. For some presupposition triggers like {``}only{''}, BERT reliably recognizes the presupposition as an entailment, even when the trigger is embedded under an entailment canceling operator like negation. BOW and InferSent show weaker evidence of pragmatic reasoning. We conclude that NLI training encourages models to learn some, but not all, pragmatic inferences.\",\n}\n", "homepage": "https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres", "license": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License", "features": {"premise": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "hypothesis": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger1": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger2": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "presupposition": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "gold_label": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "UID": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "pairID": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "paradigmID": {"dtype": "int16", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "imppres", "config_name": "presupposition_cleft_existence", "version": {"version_str": "1.1.0", "description": null, "major": 1, "minor": 1, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"cleft_existence": {"name": "cleft_existence", "num_bytes": 363238, "num_examples": 1900, "dataset_name": "imppres"}}, "download_checksums": {"https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres/blob/master/dataset/IMPPRES.zip?raw=true": {"num_bytes": 335088, "checksum": "f1f4ab03aec2248dcfbcb00b80e6099c592751cca2b542b208c6cf46f2926937"}}, "download_size": 335088, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 363238, "size_in_bytes": 698326}, "presupposition_cleft_uniqueness": {"description": "Over >25k semiautomatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. IMPPRES is an NLI dataset following the format of SNLI (Bowman et al., 2015), MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) and XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018), which was created to evaluate how well trained NLI models recognize several classes of presuppositions and scalar implicatures.", "citation": "@inproceedings{jeretic-etal-2020-natural,\n title = \"Are Natural Language Inference Models {IMPPRESsive}? {L}earning {IMPlicature} and {PRESupposition}\",\n author = \"Jereti\u000b{c}, Paloma and\n Warstadt, Alex and\n Bhooshan, Suvrat and\n Williams, Adina\",\n booktitle = \"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n month = jul,\n year = \"2020\",\n address = \"Online\",\n publisher = \"Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n url = \"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.768\",\n doi = \"10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.768\",\n pages = \"8690--8705\",\n abstract = \"Natural language inference (NLI) is an increasingly important task for natural language understanding, which requires one to infer whether a sentence entails another. However, the ability of NLI models to make pragmatic inferences remains understudied. We create an IMPlicature and PRESupposition diagnostic dataset (IMPPRES), consisting of 32K semi-automatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. We use IMPPRES to evaluate whether BERT, InferSent, and BOW NLI models trained on MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) learn to make pragmatic inferences. Although MultiNLI appears to contain very few pairs illustrating these inference types, we find that BERT learns to draw pragmatic inferences. It reliably treats scalar implicatures triggered by {``}some{''} as entailments. For some presupposition triggers like {``}only{''}, BERT reliably recognizes the presupposition as an entailment, even when the trigger is embedded under an entailment canceling operator like negation. BOW and InferSent show weaker evidence of pragmatic reasoning. We conclude that NLI training encourages models to learn some, but not all, pragmatic inferences.\",\n}\n", "homepage": "https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres", "license": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License", "features": {"premise": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "hypothesis": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger1": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger2": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "presupposition": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "gold_label": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "UID": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "pairID": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "paradigmID": {"dtype": "int16", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "imppres", "config_name": "presupposition_cleft_uniqueness", "version": {"version_str": "1.1.0", "description": null, "major": 1, "minor": 1, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"cleft_uniqueness": {"name": "cleft_uniqueness", "num_bytes": 388779, "num_examples": 1900, "dataset_name": "imppres"}}, "download_checksums": {"https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres/blob/master/dataset/IMPPRES.zip?raw=true": {"num_bytes": 335088, "checksum": "f1f4ab03aec2248dcfbcb00b80e6099c592751cca2b542b208c6cf46f2926937"}}, "download_size": 335088, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 388779, "size_in_bytes": 723867}, "presupposition_only_presupposition": {"description": "Over >25k semiautomatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. IMPPRES is an NLI dataset following the format of SNLI (Bowman et al., 2015), MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) and XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018), which was created to evaluate how well trained NLI models recognize several classes of presuppositions and scalar implicatures.", "citation": "@inproceedings{jeretic-etal-2020-natural,\n title = \"Are Natural Language Inference Models {IMPPRESsive}? {L}earning {IMPlicature} and {PRESupposition}\",\n author = \"Jereti\u000b{c}, Paloma and\n Warstadt, Alex and\n Bhooshan, Suvrat and\n Williams, Adina\",\n booktitle = \"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n month = jul,\n year = \"2020\",\n address = \"Online\",\n publisher = \"Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n url = \"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.768\",\n doi = \"10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.768\",\n pages = \"8690--8705\",\n abstract = \"Natural language inference (NLI) is an increasingly important task for natural language understanding, which requires one to infer whether a sentence entails another. However, the ability of NLI models to make pragmatic inferences remains understudied. We create an IMPlicature and PRESupposition diagnostic dataset (IMPPRES), consisting of 32K semi-automatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. We use IMPPRES to evaluate whether BERT, InferSent, and BOW NLI models trained on MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) learn to make pragmatic inferences. Although MultiNLI appears to contain very few pairs illustrating these inference types, we find that BERT learns to draw pragmatic inferences. It reliably treats scalar implicatures triggered by {``}some{''} as entailments. For some presupposition triggers like {``}only{''}, BERT reliably recognizes the presupposition as an entailment, even when the trigger is embedded under an entailment canceling operator like negation. BOW and InferSent show weaker evidence of pragmatic reasoning. We conclude that NLI training encourages models to learn some, but not all, pragmatic inferences.\",\n}\n", "homepage": "https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres", "license": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License", "features": {"premise": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "hypothesis": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger1": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger2": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "presupposition": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "gold_label": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "UID": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "pairID": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "paradigmID": {"dtype": "int16", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "imppres", "config_name": "presupposition_only_presupposition", "version": {"version_str": "1.1.0", "description": null, "major": 1, "minor": 1, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"only_presupposition": {"name": "only_presupposition", "num_bytes": 349018, "num_examples": 1900, "dataset_name": "imppres"}}, "download_checksums": {"https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres/blob/master/dataset/IMPPRES.zip?raw=true": {"num_bytes": 335088, "checksum": "f1f4ab03aec2248dcfbcb00b80e6099c592751cca2b542b208c6cf46f2926937"}}, "download_size": 335088, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 349018, "size_in_bytes": 684106}, "presupposition_possessed_definites_existence": {"description": "Over >25k semiautomatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. IMPPRES is an NLI dataset following the format of SNLI (Bowman et al., 2015), MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) and XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018), which was created to evaluate how well trained NLI models recognize several classes of presuppositions and scalar implicatures.", "citation": "@inproceedings{jeretic-etal-2020-natural,\n title = \"Are Natural Language Inference Models {IMPPRESsive}? {L}earning {IMPlicature} and {PRESupposition}\",\n author = \"Jereti\u000b{c}, Paloma and\n Warstadt, Alex and\n Bhooshan, Suvrat and\n Williams, Adina\",\n booktitle = \"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n month = jul,\n year = \"2020\",\n address = \"Online\",\n publisher = \"Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n url = \"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.768\",\n doi = \"10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.768\",\n pages = \"8690--8705\",\n abstract = \"Natural language inference (NLI) is an increasingly important task for natural language understanding, which requires one to infer whether a sentence entails another. However, the ability of NLI models to make pragmatic inferences remains understudied. We create an IMPlicature and PRESupposition diagnostic dataset (IMPPRES), consisting of 32K semi-automatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. We use IMPPRES to evaluate whether BERT, InferSent, and BOW NLI models trained on MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) learn to make pragmatic inferences. Although MultiNLI appears to contain very few pairs illustrating these inference types, we find that BERT learns to draw pragmatic inferences. It reliably treats scalar implicatures triggered by {``}some{''} as entailments. For some presupposition triggers like {``}only{''}, BERT reliably recognizes the presupposition as an entailment, even when the trigger is embedded under an entailment canceling operator like negation. BOW and InferSent show weaker evidence of pragmatic reasoning. We conclude that NLI training encourages models to learn some, but not all, pragmatic inferences.\",\n}\n", "homepage": "https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres", "license": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License", "features": {"premise": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "hypothesis": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger1": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger2": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "presupposition": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "gold_label": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "UID": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "pairID": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "paradigmID": {"dtype": "int16", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "imppres", "config_name": "presupposition_possessed_definites_existence", "version": {"version_str": "1.1.0", "description": null, "major": 1, "minor": 1, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"possessed_definites_existence": {"name": "possessed_definites_existence", "num_bytes": 362334, "num_examples": 1900, "dataset_name": "imppres"}}, "download_checksums": {"https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres/blob/master/dataset/IMPPRES.zip?raw=true": {"num_bytes": 335088, "checksum": "f1f4ab03aec2248dcfbcb00b80e6099c592751cca2b542b208c6cf46f2926937"}}, "download_size": 335088, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 362334, "size_in_bytes": 697422}, "presupposition_possessed_definites_uniqueness": {"description": "Over >25k semiautomatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. IMPPRES is an NLI dataset following the format of SNLI (Bowman et al., 2015), MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) and XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018), which was created to evaluate how well trained NLI models recognize several classes of presuppositions and scalar implicatures.", "citation": "@inproceedings{jeretic-etal-2020-natural,\n title = \"Are Natural Language Inference Models {IMPPRESsive}? {L}earning {IMPlicature} and {PRESupposition}\",\n author = \"Jereti\u000b{c}, Paloma and\n Warstadt, Alex and\n Bhooshan, Suvrat and\n Williams, Adina\",\n booktitle = \"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n month = jul,\n year = \"2020\",\n address = \"Online\",\n publisher = \"Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n url = \"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.768\",\n doi = \"10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.768\",\n pages = \"8690--8705\",\n abstract = \"Natural language inference (NLI) is an increasingly important task for natural language understanding, which requires one to infer whether a sentence entails another. However, the ability of NLI models to make pragmatic inferences remains understudied. We create an IMPlicature and PRESupposition diagnostic dataset (IMPPRES), consisting of 32K semi-automatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. We use IMPPRES to evaluate whether BERT, InferSent, and BOW NLI models trained on MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) learn to make pragmatic inferences. Although MultiNLI appears to contain very few pairs illustrating these inference types, we find that BERT learns to draw pragmatic inferences. It reliably treats scalar implicatures triggered by {``}some{''} as entailments. For some presupposition triggers like {``}only{''}, BERT reliably recognizes the presupposition as an entailment, even when the trigger is embedded under an entailment canceling operator like negation. BOW and InferSent show weaker evidence of pragmatic reasoning. We conclude that NLI training encourages models to learn some, but not all, pragmatic inferences.\",\n}\n", "homepage": "https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres", "license": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License", "features": {"premise": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "hypothesis": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger1": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger2": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "presupposition": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "gold_label": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "UID": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "pairID": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "paradigmID": {"dtype": "int16", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "imppres", "config_name": "presupposition_possessed_definites_uniqueness", "version": {"version_str": "1.1.0", "description": null, "major": 1, "minor": 1, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"possessed_definites_uniqueness": {"name": "possessed_definites_uniqueness", "num_bytes": 459403, "num_examples": 1900, "dataset_name": "imppres"}}, "download_checksums": {"https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres/blob/master/dataset/IMPPRES.zip?raw=true": {"num_bytes": 335088, "checksum": "f1f4ab03aec2248dcfbcb00b80e6099c592751cca2b542b208c6cf46f2926937"}}, "download_size": 335088, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 459403, "size_in_bytes": 794491}, "presupposition_question_presupposition": {"description": "Over >25k semiautomatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. IMPPRES is an NLI dataset following the format of SNLI (Bowman et al., 2015), MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) and XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018), which was created to evaluate how well trained NLI models recognize several classes of presuppositions and scalar implicatures.", "citation": "@inproceedings{jeretic-etal-2020-natural,\n title = \"Are Natural Language Inference Models {IMPPRESsive}? {L}earning {IMPlicature} and {PRESupposition}\",\n author = \"Jereti\u000b{c}, Paloma and\n Warstadt, Alex and\n Bhooshan, Suvrat and\n Williams, Adina\",\n booktitle = \"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n month = jul,\n year = \"2020\",\n address = \"Online\",\n publisher = \"Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n url = \"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.768\",\n doi = \"10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.768\",\n pages = \"8690--8705\",\n abstract = \"Natural language inference (NLI) is an increasingly important task for natural language understanding, which requires one to infer whether a sentence entails another. However, the ability of NLI models to make pragmatic inferences remains understudied. We create an IMPlicature and PRESupposition diagnostic dataset (IMPPRES), consisting of 32K semi-automatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. We use IMPPRES to evaluate whether BERT, InferSent, and BOW NLI models trained on MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) learn to make pragmatic inferences. Although MultiNLI appears to contain very few pairs illustrating these inference types, we find that BERT learns to draw pragmatic inferences. It reliably treats scalar implicatures triggered by {``}some{''} as entailments. For some presupposition triggers like {``}only{''}, BERT reliably recognizes the presupposition as an entailment, even when the trigger is embedded under an entailment canceling operator like negation. BOW and InferSent show weaker evidence of pragmatic reasoning. We conclude that NLI training encourages models to learn some, but not all, pragmatic inferences.\",\n}\n", "homepage": "https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres", "license": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License", "features": {"premise": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "hypothesis": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger1": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger2": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "presupposition": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "gold_label": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "UID": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "pairID": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "paradigmID": {"dtype": "int16", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "imppres", "config_name": "presupposition_question_presupposition", "version": {"version_str": "1.1.0", "description": null, "major": 1, "minor": 1, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"question_presupposition": {"name": "question_presupposition", "num_bytes": 397227, "num_examples": 1900, "dataset_name": "imppres"}}, "download_checksums": {"https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres/blob/master/dataset/IMPPRES.zip?raw=true": {"num_bytes": 335088, "checksum": "f1f4ab03aec2248dcfbcb00b80e6099c592751cca2b542b208c6cf46f2926937"}}, "download_size": 335088, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 397227, "size_in_bytes": 732315}, "implicature_connectives": {"description": "Over >25k semiautomatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. IMPPRES is an NLI dataset following the format of SNLI (Bowman et al., 2015), MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) and XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018), which was created to evaluate how well trained NLI models recognize several classes of presuppositions and scalar implicatures.", "citation": "@inproceedings{jeretic-etal-2020-natural,\n title = \"Are Natural Language Inference Models {IMPPRESsive}? {L}earning {IMPlicature} and {PRESupposition}\",\n author = \"Jereti\u000b{c}, Paloma and\n Warstadt, Alex and\n Bhooshan, Suvrat and\n Williams, Adina\",\n booktitle = \"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n month = jul,\n year = \"2020\",\n address = \"Online\",\n publisher = \"Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n url = \"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.768\",\n doi = \"10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.768\",\n pages = \"8690--8705\",\n abstract = \"Natural language inference (NLI) is an increasingly important task for natural language understanding, which requires one to infer whether a sentence entails another. However, the ability of NLI models to make pragmatic inferences remains understudied. We create an IMPlicature and PRESupposition diagnostic dataset (IMPPRES), consisting of 32K semi-automatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. We use IMPPRES to evaluate whether BERT, InferSent, and BOW NLI models trained on MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) learn to make pragmatic inferences. Although MultiNLI appears to contain very few pairs illustrating these inference types, we find that BERT learns to draw pragmatic inferences. It reliably treats scalar implicatures triggered by {``}some{''} as entailments. For some presupposition triggers like {``}only{''}, BERT reliably recognizes the presupposition as an entailment, even when the trigger is embedded under an entailment canceling operator like negation. BOW and InferSent show weaker evidence of pragmatic reasoning. We conclude that NLI training encourages models to learn some, but not all, pragmatic inferences.\",\n}\n", "homepage": "https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres", "license": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License", "features": {"premise": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "hypothesis": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "gold_label_log": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "gold_label_prag": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "spec_relation": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "item_type": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "lexemes": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "imppres", "config_name": "implicature_connectives", "version": {"version_str": "1.1.0", "description": null, "major": 1, "minor": 1, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"connectives": {"name": "connectives", "num_bytes": 221868, "num_examples": 1200, "dataset_name": "imppres"}}, "download_checksums": {"https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres/blob/master/dataset/IMPPRES.zip?raw=true": {"num_bytes": 335088, "checksum": "f1f4ab03aec2248dcfbcb00b80e6099c592751cca2b542b208c6cf46f2926937"}}, "download_size": 335088, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 221868, "size_in_bytes": 556956}, "implicature_gradable_adjective": {"description": "Over >25k semiautomatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. IMPPRES is an NLI dataset following the format of SNLI (Bowman et al., 2015), MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) and XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018), which was created to evaluate how well trained NLI models recognize several classes of presuppositions and scalar implicatures.", "citation": "@inproceedings{jeretic-etal-2020-natural,\n title = \"Are Natural Language Inference Models {IMPPRESsive}? {L}earning {IMPlicature} and {PRESupposition}\",\n author = \"Jereti\u000b{c}, Paloma and\n Warstadt, Alex and\n Bhooshan, Suvrat and\n Williams, Adina\",\n booktitle = \"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n month = jul,\n year = \"2020\",\n address = \"Online\",\n publisher = \"Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n url = \"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.768\",\n doi = \"10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.768\",\n pages = \"8690--8705\",\n abstract = \"Natural language inference (NLI) is an increasingly important task for natural language understanding, which requires one to infer whether a sentence entails another. However, the ability of NLI models to make pragmatic inferences remains understudied. We create an IMPlicature and PRESupposition diagnostic dataset (IMPPRES), consisting of 32K semi-automatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. We use IMPPRES to evaluate whether BERT, InferSent, and BOW NLI models trained on MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) learn to make pragmatic inferences. Although MultiNLI appears to contain very few pairs illustrating these inference types, we find that BERT learns to draw pragmatic inferences. It reliably treats scalar implicatures triggered by {``}some{''} as entailments. For some presupposition triggers like {``}only{''}, BERT reliably recognizes the presupposition as an entailment, even when the trigger is embedded under an entailment canceling operator like negation. BOW and InferSent show weaker evidence of pragmatic reasoning. We conclude that NLI training encourages models to learn some, but not all, pragmatic inferences.\",\n}\n", "homepage": "https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres", "license": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License", "features": {"premise": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "hypothesis": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "gold_label_log": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "gold_label_prag": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "spec_relation": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "item_type": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "lexemes": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "imppres", "config_name": "implicature_gradable_adjective", "version": {"version_str": "1.1.0", "description": null, "major": 1, "minor": 1, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"gradable_adjective": {"name": "gradable_adjective", "num_bytes": 153672, "num_examples": 1200, "dataset_name": "imppres"}}, "download_checksums": {"https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres/blob/master/dataset/IMPPRES.zip?raw=true": {"num_bytes": 335088, "checksum": "f1f4ab03aec2248dcfbcb00b80e6099c592751cca2b542b208c6cf46f2926937"}}, "download_size": 335088, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 153672, "size_in_bytes": 488760}, "implicature_gradable_verb": {"description": "Over >25k semiautomatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. IMPPRES is an NLI dataset following the format of SNLI (Bowman et al., 2015), MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) and XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018), which was created to evaluate how well trained NLI models recognize several classes of presuppositions and scalar implicatures.", "citation": "@inproceedings{jeretic-etal-2020-natural,\n title = \"Are Natural Language Inference Models {IMPPRESsive}? {L}earning {IMPlicature} and {PRESupposition}\",\n author = \"Jereti\u000b{c}, Paloma and\n Warstadt, Alex and\n Bhooshan, Suvrat and\n Williams, Adina\",\n booktitle = \"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n month = jul,\n year = \"2020\",\n address = \"Online\",\n publisher = \"Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n url = \"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.768\",\n doi = \"10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.768\",\n pages = \"8690--8705\",\n abstract = \"Natural language inference (NLI) is an increasingly important task for natural language understanding, which requires one to infer whether a sentence entails another. However, the ability of NLI models to make pragmatic inferences remains understudied. We create an IMPlicature and PRESupposition diagnostic dataset (IMPPRES), consisting of 32K semi-automatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. We use IMPPRES to evaluate whether BERT, InferSent, and BOW NLI models trained on MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) learn to make pragmatic inferences. Although MultiNLI appears to contain very few pairs illustrating these inference types, we find that BERT learns to draw pragmatic inferences. It reliably treats scalar implicatures triggered by {``}some{''} as entailments. For some presupposition triggers like {``}only{''}, BERT reliably recognizes the presupposition as an entailment, even when the trigger is embedded under an entailment canceling operator like negation. BOW and InferSent show weaker evidence of pragmatic reasoning. We conclude that NLI training encourages models to learn some, but not all, pragmatic inferences.\",\n}\n", "homepage": "https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres", "license": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License", "features": {"premise": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "hypothesis": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "gold_label_log": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "gold_label_prag": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "spec_relation": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "item_type": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "lexemes": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "imppres", "config_name": "implicature_gradable_verb", "version": {"version_str": "1.1.0", "description": null, "major": 1, "minor": 1, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"gradable_verb": {"name": "gradable_verb", "num_bytes": 180702, "num_examples": 1200, "dataset_name": "imppres"}}, "download_checksums": {"https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres/blob/master/dataset/IMPPRES.zip?raw=true": {"num_bytes": 335088, "checksum": "f1f4ab03aec2248dcfbcb00b80e6099c592751cca2b542b208c6cf46f2926937"}}, "download_size": 335088, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 180702, "size_in_bytes": 515790}, "implicature_modals": {"description": "Over >25k semiautomatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. IMPPRES is an NLI dataset following the format of SNLI (Bowman et al., 2015), MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) and XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018), which was created to evaluate how well trained NLI models recognize several classes of presuppositions and scalar implicatures.", "citation": "@inproceedings{jeretic-etal-2020-natural,\n title = \"Are Natural Language Inference Models {IMPPRESsive}? {L}earning {IMPlicature} and {PRESupposition}\",\n author = \"Jereti\u000b{c}, Paloma and\n Warstadt, Alex and\n Bhooshan, Suvrat and\n Williams, Adina\",\n booktitle = \"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n month = jul,\n year = \"2020\",\n address = \"Online\",\n publisher = \"Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n url = \"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.768\",\n doi = \"10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.768\",\n pages = \"8690--8705\",\n abstract = \"Natural language inference (NLI) is an increasingly important task for natural language understanding, which requires one to infer whether a sentence entails another. However, the ability of NLI models to make pragmatic inferences remains understudied. We create an IMPlicature and PRESupposition diagnostic dataset (IMPPRES), consisting of 32K semi-automatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. We use IMPPRES to evaluate whether BERT, InferSent, and BOW NLI models trained on MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) learn to make pragmatic inferences. Although MultiNLI appears to contain very few pairs illustrating these inference types, we find that BERT learns to draw pragmatic inferences. It reliably treats scalar implicatures triggered by {``}some{''} as entailments. For some presupposition triggers like {``}only{''}, BERT reliably recognizes the presupposition as an entailment, even when the trigger is embedded under an entailment canceling operator like negation. BOW and InferSent show weaker evidence of pragmatic reasoning. We conclude that NLI training encourages models to learn some, but not all, pragmatic inferences.\",\n}\n", "homepage": "https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres", "license": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License", "features": {"premise": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "hypothesis": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "gold_label_log": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "gold_label_prag": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "spec_relation": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "item_type": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "lexemes": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "imppres", "config_name": "implicature_modals", "version": {"version_str": "1.1.0", "description": null, "major": 1, "minor": 1, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"modals": {"name": "modals", "num_bytes": 178560, "num_examples": 1200, "dataset_name": "imppres"}}, "download_checksums": {"https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres/blob/master/dataset/IMPPRES.zip?raw=true": {"num_bytes": 335088, "checksum": "f1f4ab03aec2248dcfbcb00b80e6099c592751cca2b542b208c6cf46f2926937"}}, "download_size": 335088, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 178560, "size_in_bytes": 513648}, "implicature_numerals_10_100": {"description": "Over >25k semiautomatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. IMPPRES is an NLI dataset following the format of SNLI (Bowman et al., 2015), MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) and XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018), which was created to evaluate how well trained NLI models recognize several classes of presuppositions and scalar implicatures.", "citation": "@inproceedings{jeretic-etal-2020-natural,\n title = \"Are Natural Language Inference Models {IMPPRESsive}? {L}earning {IMPlicature} and {PRESupposition}\",\n author = \"Jereti\u000b{c}, Paloma and\n Warstadt, Alex and\n Bhooshan, Suvrat and\n Williams, Adina\",\n booktitle = \"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n month = jul,\n year = \"2020\",\n address = \"Online\",\n publisher = \"Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n url = \"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.768\",\n doi = \"10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.768\",\n pages = \"8690--8705\",\n abstract = \"Natural language inference (NLI) is an increasingly important task for natural language understanding, which requires one to infer whether a sentence entails another. However, the ability of NLI models to make pragmatic inferences remains understudied. We create an IMPlicature and PRESupposition diagnostic dataset (IMPPRES), consisting of 32K semi-automatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. We use IMPPRES to evaluate whether BERT, InferSent, and BOW NLI models trained on MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) learn to make pragmatic inferences. Although MultiNLI appears to contain very few pairs illustrating these inference types, we find that BERT learns to draw pragmatic inferences. It reliably treats scalar implicatures triggered by {``}some{''} as entailments. For some presupposition triggers like {``}only{''}, BERT reliably recognizes the presupposition as an entailment, even when the trigger is embedded under an entailment canceling operator like negation. BOW and InferSent show weaker evidence of pragmatic reasoning. We conclude that NLI training encourages models to learn some, but not all, pragmatic inferences.\",\n}\n", "homepage": "https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres", "license": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License", "features": {"premise": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "hypothesis": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "gold_label_log": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "gold_label_prag": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "spec_relation": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "item_type": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "lexemes": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "imppres", "config_name": "implicature_numerals_10_100", "version": {"version_str": "1.1.0", "description": null, "major": 1, "minor": 1, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"numerals_10_100": {"name": "numerals_10_100", "num_bytes": 208620, "num_examples": 1200, "dataset_name": "imppres"}}, "download_checksums": {"https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres/blob/master/dataset/IMPPRES.zip?raw=true": {"num_bytes": 335088, "checksum": "f1f4ab03aec2248dcfbcb00b80e6099c592751cca2b542b208c6cf46f2926937"}}, "download_size": 335088, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 208620, "size_in_bytes": 543708}, "implicature_numerals_2_3": {"description": "Over >25k semiautomatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. IMPPRES is an NLI dataset following the format of SNLI (Bowman et al., 2015), MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) and XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018), which was created to evaluate how well trained NLI models recognize several classes of presuppositions and scalar implicatures.", "citation": "@inproceedings{jeretic-etal-2020-natural,\n title = \"Are Natural Language Inference Models {IMPPRESsive}? {L}earning {IMPlicature} and {PRESupposition}\",\n author = \"Jereti\u000b{c}, Paloma and\n Warstadt, Alex and\n Bhooshan, Suvrat and\n Williams, Adina\",\n booktitle = \"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n month = jul,\n year = \"2020\",\n address = \"Online\",\n publisher = \"Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n url = \"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.768\",\n doi = \"10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.768\",\n pages = \"8690--8705\",\n abstract = \"Natural language inference (NLI) is an increasingly important task for natural language understanding, which requires one to infer whether a sentence entails another. However, the ability of NLI models to make pragmatic inferences remains understudied. We create an IMPlicature and PRESupposition diagnostic dataset (IMPPRES), consisting of 32K semi-automatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. We use IMPPRES to evaluate whether BERT, InferSent, and BOW NLI models trained on MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) learn to make pragmatic inferences. Although MultiNLI appears to contain very few pairs illustrating these inference types, we find that BERT learns to draw pragmatic inferences. It reliably treats scalar implicatures triggered by {``}some{''} as entailments. For some presupposition triggers like {``}only{''}, BERT reliably recognizes the presupposition as an entailment, even when the trigger is embedded under an entailment canceling operator like negation. BOW and InferSent show weaker evidence of pragmatic reasoning. We conclude that NLI training encourages models to learn some, but not all, pragmatic inferences.\",\n}\n", "homepage": "https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres", "license": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License", "features": {"premise": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "hypothesis": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "gold_label_log": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "gold_label_prag": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "spec_relation": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "item_type": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "lexemes": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "imppres", "config_name": "implicature_numerals_2_3", "version": {"version_str": "1.1.0", "description": null, "major": 1, "minor": 1, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"numerals_2_3": {"name": "numerals_2_3", "num_bytes": 188784, "num_examples": 1200, "dataset_name": "imppres"}}, "download_checksums": {"https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres/blob/master/dataset/IMPPRES.zip?raw=true": {"num_bytes": 335088, "checksum": "f1f4ab03aec2248dcfbcb00b80e6099c592751cca2b542b208c6cf46f2926937"}}, "download_size": 335088, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 188784, "size_in_bytes": 523872}, "implicature_quantifiers": {"description": "Over >25k semiautomatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. IMPPRES is an NLI dataset following the format of SNLI (Bowman et al., 2015), MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) and XNLI (Conneau et al., 2018), which was created to evaluate how well trained NLI models recognize several classes of presuppositions and scalar implicatures.", "citation": "@inproceedings{jeretic-etal-2020-natural,\n title = \"Are Natural Language Inference Models {IMPPRESsive}? {L}earning {IMPlicature} and {PRESupposition}\",\n author = \"Jereti\u000b{c}, Paloma and\n Warstadt, Alex and\n Bhooshan, Suvrat and\n Williams, Adina\",\n booktitle = \"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n month = jul,\n year = \"2020\",\n address = \"Online\",\n publisher = \"Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n url = \"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.768\",\n doi = \"10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.768\",\n pages = \"8690--8705\",\n abstract = \"Natural language inference (NLI) is an increasingly important task for natural language understanding, which requires one to infer whether a sentence entails another. However, the ability of NLI models to make pragmatic inferences remains understudied. We create an IMPlicature and PRESupposition diagnostic dataset (IMPPRES), consisting of 32K semi-automatically generated sentence pairs illustrating well-studied pragmatic inference types. We use IMPPRES to evaluate whether BERT, InferSent, and BOW NLI models trained on MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) learn to make pragmatic inferences. Although MultiNLI appears to contain very few pairs illustrating these inference types, we find that BERT learns to draw pragmatic inferences. It reliably treats scalar implicatures triggered by {``}some{''} as entailments. For some presupposition triggers like {``}only{''}, BERT reliably recognizes the presupposition as an entailment, even when the trigger is embedded under an entailment canceling operator like negation. BOW and InferSent show weaker evidence of pragmatic reasoning. We conclude that NLI training encourages models to learn some, but not all, pragmatic inferences.\",\n}\n", "homepage": "https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres", "license": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License", "features": {"premise": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "hypothesis": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "gold_label_log": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "gold_label_prag": {"num_classes": 3, "names": ["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"], "names_file": null, "id": null, "_type": "ClassLabel"}, "spec_relation": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "item_type": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "trigger": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "lexemes": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": null, "builder_name": "imppres", "config_name": "implicature_quantifiers", "version": {"version_str": "1.1.0", "description": null, "major": 1, "minor": 1, "patch": 0}, "splits": {"quantifiers": {"name": "quantifiers", "num_bytes": 176814, "num_examples": 1200, "dataset_name": "imppres"}}, "download_checksums": {"https://github.com/facebookresearch/Imppres/blob/master/dataset/IMPPRES.zip?raw=true": {"num_bytes": 335088, "checksum": "f1f4ab03aec2248dcfbcb00b80e6099c592751cca2b542b208c6cf46f2926937"}}, "download_size": 335088, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 176814, "size_in_bytes": 511902}}