passage_id
int64 5
4.87M
| title
stringlengths 1
208
| section_title
stringlengths 1
627
â | text
stringlengths 1
32.1k
|
---|---|---|---|
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æŽå² | æ±æžæ代åŸæããææ²»æ代ã«ãããŠã西æŽã®èšèªåŠã玹ä»ãããæ¥æ¬èªç 究ã¯æ°ããªæ®µéãè¿ããããã£ãšãã西æŽã®èšèªã«åœãŠã¯ãŸãçè«ãç¡æ¹å€ã«æ¥æ¬èªã«å¿çšããããšã§ãããã£ãŠãããŸã§ã®èç©ãæãªããããªç 究ãå°ãªããªãã£ãã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æŽå² | ããããäžã§ãå€æ¥ã®æ¥æ¬èªç 究ãšè¥¿æŽèšèªåŠãšãåå³ããŠææ³ããŸãšããã®ã倧槻æ圊ã§ãã£ãã倧槻ã¯ãèšæµ·ãã®äžã§ææ³è«ãèªæ³æåããèšã(1889幎)ãåŸã«ãããç¬ç«ãå¢è£ããŠãåºæ¥æ¬æå
žã(1897幎)ãšããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æŽå² | ãã®åŸãé«çæè²ã®æ®åãšãšãã«ãæ¥æ¬èªç 究è
ã®æ°ã¯å¢å€§ããã1897幎ã«ã¯æ±äº¬åžåœå€§åŠã«åœèªç 究宀ã眮ããããã€ãåž°ãã®äžç°è¬å¹Žãå代䞻任ææãšããŠæå°ç圹å²ãæãããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æŽå² | è¿ä»£ä»¥éãå°æ¹Ÿãæé®®å島ãªã©ã䜵åã»çµ±æ²»ããæ¥æ¬ã¯ãçŸå°æ°ã®å°æ¹Ÿäººã»æé®®æ°æãžã®çæ°åæ¿çãæšé²ãããããåŠæ ¡æè²ã§æ¥æ¬èªãåœèªãšããŠæ¡çšãããæºå·åœ(çŸåšã®äžåœæ±åéš)ã«ãæ¥æ¬äººãæ°å€ã移äœããçµæãæ¥æ¬èªãåºã䜿çšããããŸããæ¥æ¬èªã¯äžåœèªãšãšãã«å
¬çšèªãšããããæ¥æ¬èªã解ããªãäž»ã«æŒ¢æ°æãæºå·æã«ã¯ç°¡æçãªæ¥æ¬èªã§ããååèªãçšããããŠããããšããã£ããçŸåšã®å°æ¹Ÿ(äžè¯æ°åœ)ãæé®®å島(åæé®®ã»éåœ)ãªã©ã§ã¯ãçŸåšã§ãé«éœ¢è
ã®äžã«æ¥æ¬èªã解ãã人ãããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æŽå² | äžæ¹ãææ²»ã»å€§æ£ããæåæŠåæã«ãããŠãæ¥æ¬äººãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã»ã«ããã»ã¡ãã·ã³ã»ãã©ãžã«ã»ãã«ãŒãªã©ã«å€æ°ç§»æ°ããæ¥ç³»äººç€ŸäŒãç¯ãããããããã®å°åã³ãã¥ããã£ã§ã¯æ¥æ¬èªã䜿çšãããããäžä»£ãè¥å¹Žã«ãªãã«ãããã£ãŠãæ¥æ¬èªã解ããªã人ãå¢ããŠããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æŽå² | 1990幎代以éãæ¥æ¬åœå€ããæ¥æ¬ãžã®æž¡èªè
æ°ãå¢å ãããã€ãŸããæ¥æ¬äŒæ¥ã§å€åããå€åœäººåŽåè
(æ¥æ¬ã®å€åœäºº)ãé£èºçã«å¢å€§ããŠãããããåœå
å€ã«æ¥æ¬èªæè²ãåºãã£ãŠãããåœã»å°åã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãæ¥æ¬èªã第2å€åœèªãªã©éžææç§ã®äžã€ãšããŠããåœããããæ¥æ¬åœå€ã§æ¥æ¬èªãåŠç¿ãããæ©äŒã¯å¢ãã€ã€ããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æŽå² | ãšãããã1990幎代以éããã¯ãŒã«ãžã£ãã³ããšããããããã«æ¥æ¬åœå€ã§ã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã²ãŒã ãå°èª¬ãã©ã€ãããã«ãæ ç»ããã¬ããã©ããJ-POP(éŠæ¥œ)ã«ä»£è¡šãããé³æ¥œã挫ç»ãªã©ã«ä»£è¡šãããæ¥æ¬ã®çŸä»£ãµãã«ã«ãã£ãŒããã«ãã³ããããšæããè¥è
ãå¢ãããã®çµæã圌ãã®æ¥æ¬èªã«è§Šããæ©äŒãå¢ãã€ã€ãããšããã2021幎9æã«ãåèªæ€çŽ¢ããŒã«Wordtipsãäžçååœã§èªåŠåŠç¿ãããã«åœãããã©ã®èšèªãæã人æ°ãããããGoogleããŒã¯ãŒããã©ã³ããŒãå©çšã調æ»ãããšãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ãã«ããããªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢ããã¥ãŒãžãŒã©ã³ããšãã£ãè±èªåãäžå¿ã«ãæ¥æ¬èªãæãåŠã³ããèšèªã«éžã°ããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æŽå² | æ¥æ¬äººã蚪åããããšã®å€ãæ¥æ¬åœå€ã®èŠ³å
å°ãªã©ã§ã¯ãçŸå°ã®åºåãåæ¥æœèšåºèã®åŸæ¥å¡ãšã®äŒè©±ã«æ¥æ¬èªã䜿çšãããããšãããããã®ãããªå Žã§ç®ã«è§Šããæ¥æ¬èªã®ãã¡ãæ°å¥ã§æ³šæãåŒãäŸã¯ãéèªã»æžç±ãªã©ã§çŽ¹ä»ãããããšãå€ãã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | æ¥æ¬èªãæãšå
±ã«å€åããããšã¯ãã°ãã°æ¹å€ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªãããã®çš®ã®æ¹å€ã¯ãå€å
žæåŠã®äžã«ãèŠãããããæèåãã§ã¯ææ«ã®ãããšããããããããšããããããšããããšãããããšè©ããŠãã(ããµãšå¿ããšããšããããã®ã¯ã)ããŸãããåŸç¶èãã§ã¯å€ãã¯ãè»ããããããç«ããããããšèšãããã®ããä»ã®äººã¯ãããŠããããããããããããšèšãããã«ãªã£ããšèšããä»ã®èšèã¯ãç¡äžã«ããããããªã£ãŠããããã ãšèšããŠãã(第22段)ã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | ããã«ãšã©ãŸãããèšèªå€åã«ã€ããŠæ³šæããèšè¿°ã¯ãæŽå²äžãä»®åé£ãæžãããä¿é Œé«è³ããªã©ã®æè«æžããé³æ²çæ·µéããªã©ã®é³æ²æåæžãã¯ãããè«žçš®ã®è³æã«èŠãããããªãã§ããæ±æžæ代ã®ä¿³äººå®åè²å®€ãããªãŸã£ãèšèã®æ¹æ£ãç®çã«ç·šãã ãçèš(ããããš)ã(1650幎)ã¯ã800ã«ãããé
ç®ãåãäžããŠãããåœæã®èšèªå®æ
ã瀺ãè³æãšããŠäŸ¡å€ãé«ãã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | è¿ä»£ä»¥éããè¥å·éŸä¹ä»ããæŸæ±å éèšãã§ãããšãŠããã¯åŸæ¥åŠå®ã䌎ã£ãŠãããšããŠãããšãŠãå®ãããªã©è¯å®åœ¢ã«ãªãããšã«çåãåãããªã©ãèšèªå€åã«ã€ããŠã®ææãæ£èŠãããç 究è
ã®ç«å Žããåæ代ã®æ°ã«ãªãèšèãåéããäŸãšããŠã¯ãæµ
éä¿¡ãå··éã®èšèªçå¯ã(1933幎)ãªã©ãããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | 第äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåŸã¯ã1951幎ã«éèªãèšèªç掻ã(åœåã¯åœç«åœèªç 究æãç£ä¿®)ãåµåããããªã©ãæ¥æ¬èªãžã®é¢å¿ãé«ãŸã£ãããã®ãããªé¢šæœ®ã®äžã§ãããããç«å Žã®äººã
ã«ãããèšèªå€åã«å¯Ÿããæ¹å€ããã®æè·è«ã掻çºã«äº€ããããããã«ãªã£ããå
žåçãªè°è«ã®äŸãšããŠã¯ãéç°äžæ¥åœŠãæ¥æ¬èªã¯ä¹±ããŠããªããããã³å®é矩æ¹ã®åè«ãæããããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | ãããããæ¥æ¬èªã®ä¹±ããè«è°ã«ãããŠãæ¯åºŠã®ããã«è©±é¡ã«ãããèšèãå€ãã1955幎ã®åœç«åœèªç 究æã®æèè
調æ»ã®é
ç®ã«ã¯ããããã³ã»ããã³(æ¥æ¬)ãããžãã»ã³ã»ãžã¥ãã»ã³(åé)ããèŠãããªãã£ãã»èŠããªãã£ããã埡ç 究ãããŸããã»åŸ¡ç 究ã«ãªããŸããããªã©ãä»æ¥ã§ããã°ãã°åãäžããããèªåœ¢ã»èªæ³ãå€ãå«ãŸããŠããããšããããèŠããããããèŠããããšããèªæ³ã¯ã1979幎ã®NHKæŸéæåç 究æãçŸä»£äººã®èšèªç°å¢èª¿æ»ãã§å¯åŠã®æèŠãäºåãããªã©ã人ã
ã®èšèªç¿æ
£ã®éããåŠå®ã«ç€ºãå
žåäŸãšãªã£ãŠããããã®èªæ³ã¯1980幎代ã«ã¯ããæãèšèããšç§°ãããçãã«åãäžããããããã«ãªã£ãã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | ãèšèã®ä¹±ãããææãã声ã¯ãæ°èã»éèªã®ææžã«ãå€ããæååºã®ãåœèªã«é¢ããäžè«èª¿æ»ãã§ã¯ããèšèé£ããä¹±ããŠããããšèãã人ã1977幎ã«7å²è¿ãã«ãªãã2002幎11æãã12æã®èª¿æ»ã§ã¯8å²ãšãªã£ãŠããã人ã
ã®ãã®ãããªèªèã¯ãããããæ¥æ¬èªããŒã ãæ¯ããèŠçŽ ã®äžã€ãšãªã£ãŠããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | è¥è
ç¹æã®çšæ³ã¯æ¹å€ã®çã«ãªã£ãŠãããè¿ä»£ä»¥éã®è¥è
èšèæ¹å€ã®äŸãšããŠãå°èª¬å®¶ã»å°ŸåŽçŽ
èã1888幎ã«å¥³æ§åŸã®éã§æµè¡ããŠããããŠãã ãäœããæ¹å€ãããªã©ã1900幎ååŸã«ããŠãã ãäœãã¯æ¹å€ã®çãšãªã£ãã1980幎代ããããåãªãèšèã®ä¹±ããšããŠã§ã¯ãªããç 究è
ã®èšè¿°ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšããŠãæ±ãããããã«ããªã£ãã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | ãããããè¥è
èšèãã¯çš®ã
ã®æå³ã§çšããããå¿
ãããå®çŸ©ã¯äžå®ããŠããªããäºäžå²éã®åé¡ã«å³ããŠè¿°ã¹ããšãè¥è
èšèãšç§°ããããã®ã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«åé¡ãããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | äžèšã¯ãããããæ¹å€ã«ãããããããšããç¹ã§ã¯åæ§ã§ãããã1 - 4ã®é ã§ã次第ã«èšèã®å®ççã¯é«ããªããããããã ããèšèã®ä¹±ããã®äŸãšããŠæèããããããªãã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | äžèšã®åé¡ã®ãã¡ãäžæçæµè¡èªããªãããè¥è
äžä»£èªãã«çžåœããèšèã®çºçèŠå ã«é¢ããç±³å·æ圊ã¯å¿çã»ç€ŸäŒã»æŽå²ã®é¢ã«åããŠææããŠããããã®ææã¯ãããã以äžã®ããã«ç·åã§ãããããªãã¡ãæé·æã«ããè¥è
ã¯ãèªå·±ãä»è
ãžã®èå³ã匷ãŸãã ãã§ãªããåŸæ¥ã®èšèã®èŠç¯ããã®èªç±ãæ±ãããæ¥æ¬çµæžã®æçãšãšãã«ããŸããããšãã䟡å€èŠ³ã厩å£ããè¥è
ããããªãã«ãã£ãŠäŒè©±ããããã«ãªã£ãããšãããã1990幎代以éã¯ãããªãã楜ããäžä»£ãäœå¹Žéœ¢åããæ¶è²»ã»åš¯æ¥œç€ŸäŒã®ç£ç©ãšããŠè¥è
èšèãçç£ãããŠãããšãããã®ã§ããããŸãã2007幎é ãããã¹ã¡ãã£ã¢ããå Žã®ç©ºæ°ãã®æåãåãäžããããã«ãªã£ãŠããŠãããèšèã§äŒãããããå¯ãåã£ãŠå¿ãéãããããšãéãããè
ãå¢ãããããã«å¯Ÿããæååºã¯ã空æ°èªããªã (KY) ãšèšãããããšãæããå Žã®ç©ºæ°ã«åãããããšãã颚朮ã®çŸãã§ã¯ãªãããšææããŠããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | è¥è
ã®æ¥æ¬èªã¯ãè¡šèšã®é¢ã§ãç¬èªæ§ãæã€ã幎代ã«ããããŸããŸãªæ¥æ¬èªã®è¡šèšãè¡ãããŠããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | 1970幎代ãã1980幎代ã«ãããŠãå°å¥³ã®éã§ãäžžã¿ã垯ã³ãæžãæåããããããããšæèãããŠæµè¡ãããäžžæåãããŸããæåããå€äœå°å¥³æå(=æžäœã®å€ãã£ãå°å¥³æåã®æ)ããªã©ãšåŒã°ãããå±±æ ¹äžçã®èª¿æ»ã«ããã°ããã®æåã¯1974幎ãŸã§ã«ã¯èªçãã1978幎ã«æ¥æ¿ã«æ®åãéå§ãããšããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | 1990幎é ãããäžžæåã«ä»£ãããå°å¥³ã®éã§ãééæµã«äŒŒã瞊é·ã®æžãæåãæµè¡ãå§ããã平仮åã®ãã«ãããã¬ããã®ããã«æžããããé·é³ç¬Šã®ããŒãããâããšæžãããããç¹åŸŽããã£ããäžèŠäžæã«èŠããããããé·äœãã¿ãŠãæåããªã©ãšãåŒã°ããããã¹ã³ãã§ã¯ããã§ããªãäžä»£ã楜ãããã¿ãŠãæåãã女é«çã«åºãŸãå€ãªãšãããæåããªã©ãšçŽ¹ä»ãããããå¿
ããã倧人äžä»£ã®è©±é¡ã«ã¯ãªããªããŸãŸã確å®ã«åºãŸã£ãããã®æåãç·Žç¿ããããã®æ¬ãåºçãããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | æºåž¯ã¡ãŒã«ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã®æ®åã«äŒŽããã®ã£ã«ãšåŒã°ããå°å¥³ãã¡ãäžå¿ã«ãããžã¿ã«æåã®è¡šèšã«ç¬ç¹ã®æåãèšå·ãçšããããã«ãªã£ãããããããªãããã±âã
Tããããšæžãé¡ã§ããã®ã£ã«æåããšããŠãã¹ã³ãã«ãåãäžããããããã®ã®ã£ã«æåãç·Žç¿ããããã®æ¬ãçŸããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®æ®åãšãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã䜿çšããããœã³ã³éä¿¡ãªã©ã®å§ãŸãã«ãããæ¥æ¬èªã®çŽç©ã«äŒŒãæ±ããšããŠé¡æåãçšããããããã«ãªã£ããããã¯ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®æåãšããŠã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãè¡ããšãã«ãæç« ã®åŸãåç¬ã§èšå·ãªã©ãçµã¿åãããã(^_^)ãã®ãããªé¡æåãå
¥ããããšã«ããææ
ãªã©ãè¡šçŸããææ³ã§ããã1980幎代åŸåã«äœ¿çšãéå§ãããé¡æåã¯ãè¥è
ãžã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®æ®åã«ããåºã䜿çšãããããã«ãªã£ãã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | æºåž¯é»è©±ã«çµµæåãå®è£
ãããããšã«ãããçµµæåæåãšåŒã°ããããŸããŸãªçµµæåãå©çšããã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãè¡ãããããã«ãªã£ãã挢åãä»®åãšåãããã«æ¥æ¬èªã®æåãšããŠæ±ãããçŽç©ã®ãããªå©çšæ¹æ³ã«ãšã©ãŸãããåèªãæç« ã®çœ®ãæããšããŠãçšããããããã«ãªã£ãã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | ãã§ã«æ®åããé¡æåãçµµæåã«å ãã2006幎é ã«ã¯ãå°æåããšç§°ãããç¬ç¹ã®è¡šèšæ³ãç»å Žãããããããããããã
ãéšæŽ»ããªãã®ãã®ããã«ç¹å®æåãå°åã§è¡šèšãããã®ã§ããã¹ã³ãã§ã玹ä»ãããããã«ãªã£ãã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | 人ã
ã®æ¥æ¬èªã«å¯ããé¢å¿ã¯ã第äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåŸã«ç¹ã«é¡èã«ãªã£ããšãããã1947幎10æããNHKã©ãžãªã§ãããšã°ã®ç 究宀ããå§ãŸãã1951幎ã«ã¯éèªãèšèªç掻ããåµåãããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | æ¥æ¬èªé¢ä¿æžç±ã®åºçç¹æ°ãå¢å€§ãããæ¬èªãããŒããšããæ¬ã®å Žåã1960幎代以åã¯è§£èª¬æž5ç¹ãå®çšæž2ç¹ã§ãã£ããã®ãã1970幎代ãã1994幎ã®25幎éã«è§£èª¬æžçŽ10ç¹ãå®çšæžçŽ40ç¹ãåºããšããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | æŠåŸãæåã®æ¥æ¬èªããŒã ãèµ·ãã£ãã®ã¯1957幎ã®ããšã§ãéç°äžæ¥åœŠãæ¥æ¬èªã(岩波æ°æžãæ§ç)ã77äžéšã倧éæãæ¥æ¬èªã®èµ·æºã(岩波æ°æžãæ§ç)ã36äžéšåºçãããã1974幎ã«ã¯äžžè°·æäžãæ¥æ¬èªã®ããã«ã(æ°æœ®ç€Ÿ)ã50äžéšã倧éæãæ¥æ¬èªãããã®ãŒãã(岩波æ°æž)ã50äžéšåºçãããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | ãã®åŸã1999幎ã®å€§éæãæ¥æ¬èªç·Žç¿åž³ã(岩波æ°æž)ã¯190äžéšãè¶
ãããã¹ãã»ã©ãŒãšãªã£ã(2008幎æç¹)ãããã«ã2001幎ã«éœè€åã声ã«åºããŠèªã¿ããæ¥æ¬èªã(èæ瀟)ã140äžéšåºçãããé ãããåºççã§ã¯ç©ºåã®æ¥æ¬èªããŒã ãšããç¶æ³ã«ãªãããã³ãã ããçš®é¡ãšæ°ã®äžè¬åãã®æ¥æ¬èªé¢ä¿æžç±ãåºãã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | 2004幎ã«ã¯ååä¿éç·šãåé¡ãªæ¥æ¬èªã(倧修通æžåº)ããåœæããåé¡ã«ãããèªåœã»èªæ³ãäžè¬åãã«èª¬æãããç¿2005幎ãã2006幎ã«ãããŠã¯ããã¬ãã§ãæ¥æ¬èªãããŒããšããçªçµãå€ãæŸéããã倧åã®çªçµã§æ¥æ¬èªåŠè
ãã³ã¡ã³ããŒã¿ãŒãç£ä¿®ã«è¿ããããããã¿ã¢ãªã®ãžã£ããã«ããŽã¹ã(ããžãã¬ã 2005ã2008)ããã¯ã€ãº!æ¥æ¬èªçã(TBS 2005ã2006)ããäžå®
åŒãããããªã«ã(ãã¬ãæ±äº¬ 2005ã2006)ããMatthew's Best Hit TV+ã»ãªãŸãäºã(ãã¬ãææ¥2005ã2006ãæ¹èšãæ±ã)ããåæ Œ!æ¥æ¬èªããŒããŒã©ã€ã³ã(ãã¬ãææ¥ 2005)ããããšã°ããããã®ãããã¯æ¥æ¬èªå¡Ÿã(NHK 2006ã2010)ãªã©çš®ã
ã®çªçµããã£ãã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | ãè€éãªè¡šèšäœç³»ããSOVæ§é ããé³ç¯æåããæ¬èªããç·èšèãšå¥³èšèããæ¬æ
èªãè±å¯ããææ§è¡šçŸãå€ãããæ¯é³ã®æ°ãå°ãªãããªã©ãæ ¹æ ã«æ¥æ¬èªç¹æ®è«ããšãªããããããšãããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | ãã£ãšããæ¥æ¬èªãå°æ¬§èªãšã®çžéç¹ãå€ãæã€ããšã¯äºå®ã§ããããã®ããã察ç
§èšèªåŠã®äžã§ã¯ãå°æ¬§èªãšã®ããæ¯èŒå¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªãããŸããæ¥æ¬èªæç«ç±æ¥ãšãã芳ç¹ããã®ç 究ãååšãã(ãæ¥æ¬èªã®èµ·æºããåç
§)ã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | æ¥æ¬èªç¹æ®è«ã¯ãè¿ä»£ä»¥éãã°ãã°æèµ·ãããŠããã極端ãªäŸã§ã¯ããããæŠåŸãå¿è³çŽåããæ¥æ¬ã®åœèªçšãäžå®å
šã§äžäŸ¿ãªãã®ã¯ãªããšæãµããšããŠããã©ã³ã¹èªãåœèªã«æ¡çšããããšã䞻匵ãã(åœèªå€åœèªåè«)ããŸãã1988幎ã«ã¯ãåœç«åœèªç 究ææé·ã»éå
èéããå€åœäººãžã®æ¥æ¬èªæè²ã®ãããææ³ãåçŽåãããç°¡çŽæ¥æ¬èªãã®å¿
èŠæ§ã説ããè«è°ãåŒãã ã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | åè©ãæåŸã«æ¥ãããšãçç±ã«æ¥æ¬èªãææ§ãäžåçãšæããè°è«ããããäŸãã°ãã€ãŠãžã£ãŒããªã¹ã森æäžã¯ãæ¥æ¬èªã®èªé ã§ã¯ãææ³ãè¡šçŸããã®ã«äžçªå€§åãªåè©ã¯ãæç« ã®æåŸã«ããããããææ«ã®åè©ã®éšåã«è¡ããŸã§ã«ç²ããŠãããã¯ãåè©ãéšåã§ãã®è°è«ãªã©ã¯ã§ããªãããšèšããŠããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | è€éãªæåäœç³»ãçç±ã«ãæ¥æ¬èªãç¹æ®ãšããè°è«ããããèšç®æ©ç§åŠè
ã®æ島å®è¡ã¯ãå€ãããæ¥æ¬äººãæåæåã«èŠªãã¿ã庶æ°éçŽã®èåçãæ¯èŒçé«æ°Žæºã§ãã£ãã®ã¯ãæ¥æ¬èªã¯è¡šææå(挢å)ãšè¡šé³æå(ä»®å)ã®2ã€ã®æåäœç³»ã䜿çšããŠããããã ãšäž»åŒµããããã ããè¡šæã»è¡šé³æåã®äºé䜿çšã¯ãä»ã«æŒ¢åæååã§ã¯éæ挢åã女çæåãªã©ã挢åæåå以å€ã§ããã€æåãããšãã°ãªããªã©ã®äŸããããäžæ¹ã§ãã«ãã¢ãžã«ã€ã®ããã«ãæ°çš®é¡ã®æåäœç³»ã䜿ãåããããšã®äžäŸ¿ãã䞻匵ããæèŠãååšããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | æ¥æ¬èªã«ãããèªé ãé³é»è«ããããã¯è¡šèšäœç³»ãªã©ãåãäžããŠãããããæ¥æ¬äººã®æåãææ³çèæ¯ãšé¢é£ä»ããæ¥æ¬èªã®ç¹æ®æ§ãè«ããäŸã¯å€ãããããã倧äœã«ãããŠãããã®èª¬ã¯ãæè¿ãªè±èªãäžåœèªãªã©ã®èšèªãšã®å·®ç°ãç§æçã«åæããã«ãšã©ãŸããèšèªåŠçæ ¹æ ã«ä¹ãããã®ãå€ã(ãµãã¢=ãŠã©ãŒãã®ä»®èª¬ãåç
§)ãäžæ¹ãè¿å¹Žã§ã¯æ¥æ¬æåã®ç¹æ®æ§ãè«ããæèã§ãã£ãŠããåºæ¥ãã ãå€ãã®æååã俯ç°ããç·åçãªèŠç¹ã«ç«ã£ã䞻匵ãå€ãèŠããããšããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | æ¥æ¬èªãå£çãããã¯é£è§£ãéåççãšããèãæ¹ã®èæ¯ãšããŠãè¿ä»£åã®éçšã§åºãŸã£ã欧米äžå¿äž»çŸ©ããããšææããããæŠåŸã¯ãæ¶æ¥µçãªèŠæ¹ã°ããã§ãªãããæ¥æ¬èªã¯åæ§çã§ããããšç©æ¥µçã«è©äŸ¡ããèŠæ¹ãå€ããªã£ãããã®å€åã®ææã¯ããã1980幎代ã§ãããšããããããã«ããŠããæ¥æ¬èªã¯ç¹æ®ã§ãããšã®åæã«ç«ã£ãŠããç¹ã§äž¡è
ã®èŠæ¹ã¯å
±éããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | æ¥æ¬èªç¹æ®è«ã¯æ¥æ¬åœå€ã§ãè«ãããããE. ã©ã€ã·ã£ã¯ãŒã«ããã°ãæ¥æ¬èªã®ç¥èãä¹ãããŸãŸãæ¥æ¬èªã¯ææ°ã§ãè«ççã§ããªããšäžæºãæŒããå€åœäººã¯å€ããšãããã©ã€ã·ã£ã¯ãŒèªèº«ã¯ããã«åè«ããããããèšèªã«ã¯ææ§ã»äžææ°ã«ãªãäœå°ããããæ¥æ¬èªãåæ§ã ããç°¡æœã»ææ°ã»è«ççã«è¿°ã¹ãããšãé»ãèŠçŽ ã¯æ¥æ¬èªã«ãªããšãããå
±éç¹ã®å°ãªãããã«å°æ¬§ç³»èšèªè©±è
ã«ã¯ç¿åŸãé£ãããšãããåŠç¿ã«é¢ããæ§ã
ãªãžã§ãŒã¯ãååšãããã¹ã¯èªã«ã€ããŠããã©ã³ã¹ã®ãã€ãšã³ãã«ãããã¹ã¯åç©é€šã§ã¯ãããã€ãŠæªéãµã¿ã³ã¯æ¥æ¬ã«ãããããããã¹ã¯ã®åå°ã«ãã£ãŠããã®ã§ããããšæ¿çµµå
¥ãã®æŽå²ãæãããŠãããã®ã食ãããŠãããããã¯åããå°æ¬§ç³»èšèªè©±è
ããã¿ãŠç¿åŸã®é£ãããã¹ã¯èªãšæ¥æ¬èªãéãåãããŠãããšãããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | ä»æ¥ã®èšèªåŠã«ãããŠãæ¥æ¬èªãç¹æ®ã§ãããšããèŠæ¹èªäœãåŠå®çã§ãããäŸãã°ãæ¥æ¬èªã«5æ¯é³ãããªãããšãç¹æ®ã ãšèšãããããšãããããã¯ã©ã¶ãŒãºã®ç 究ã«ããã°ã209ã®èšèªã®ãã¡ãæ¥æ¬èªã®ããã«5æ¯é³ãæã€èšèªã¯55ãããé¡åãšããŠæãå€ããšããããŸãèªé ã«é¢ããŠã¯ãæ¥æ¬èªã®ããã« SOVæ§é ãæ¡ãèšèªãçŽ45%ã§ãã£ãŠæãå€ãã®ã«å¯ŸããŠãè±èªã®ããã«SVOæ§é ãæ¡ãèšèªã¯30%匷ã§ãã(ãŠã«ã¿ã³ãã¹ãã£ãŒã«ãã°ãªãŒã³ããŒã°ãã®èª¿æ»çµæãã)ããã®ç¹ãããæ¥æ¬èªã¯ããæ®éã®èšèªã§ãããšããçµè«ãå°ããããšãããããŸãèšèªåŠè
ã®è§ç°å€ªäœã¯èªé ãå«ã19ã®ç¹åŸŽã«ã€ããŠ130ã®èšèªãæ¯èŒãããæ¥æ¬èªã¯ç¹æ®ãªèšèªã§ã¯ãªããããããè±èªã¯ç¹æ®ãªèšèªã ããšçµè«ããŠããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | æ¥æ¬èªè©±è
ã®æè | æå±±äžéã¯ããå€åœèªãç¥ãããšãå°ãªãã»ã©æ¥æ¬èªã®ç¹è²ãå€ããªãããšãããåæ¯äŸæ³åãã䞻匵ãããšãããæ¥æ¬äººèªããæ¥æ¬èªãç¹æ®ãšèããåå ãšããŠã¯ã身è¿ãªä»èšèª(è±èªãªã©)ãå°ãªãããšãæããããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | èŸæž | æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯å€ã挢ç±ãèªãããã®èŸæžãå€ãç·šçºããããåœå
ã«ãããèŸæžç·šçºã®èšé²ãšããŠã¯ã倩æŠ11幎(682幎)ã®ãæ°åã44å·»ãæå€ã§ããã(ãæ¥æ¬æžçŽã)ãäŒæ¬ã¯ãããéžæãããååšããªããããæžåãã挢ååæžã®é¡ã§ããããšæšæž¬ããã以å€ã¯ããããªãå
容ã®èŸæžã§ãã£ãããäžæã§ããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | èŸæž | å¥è¯æ代ã«ã¯ããæ¥æ°æŒ¢èªæãããåŒè²ç«æããšããåèšãæãã挢åèŸæžãç·šçºããããããããããããéžæãšããŠæ®ãã®ã¿ã§ã詳现ã¯äžæã®ãŸãŸã§ãããçŸåããæå€ã®èŸæžã¯ã空海線ãšäŒãããããç¯é·äžè±¡å矩ã(9äžçŽ)ã§ããããäžåœã®ãçç¯ããæš¡ããéšéŠé
åã®æŒ¢ååæžã§ãããåèšã¯äžåãªãã10äžçŽåé ã«ç·šçºããããæ°æ°åé¡ãã¯äŒæ¬ãåããæå€ã®æŒ¢åèŸæžã§ããã挢åãéšéŠé
åããäžã§ãåèšãäžèä»®åã§èšããŠãããå¹³å®æ代äžæã«ç·šçºããããååé¡èæãã¯ãæå³ã§åé¡ãã挢èªã«ããããåèš³ãäžèä»®åã§ä»ãããã®ã§ã挢åèŸæžã§ã¯ãããçŸç§èŸæžçè²åœ©ã匷ããé¢æ¿æã«ã¯éå»ã®æŒ¢åèŸæžã®é倧æãšãèšãããé¡èå矩æããç·šçºãããåæžã®åèšã«ä»ãããè±å¯ãªå£°ç¹ã«ããé¢æ¿æã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã³ãäœç³»ã¯ã»ãŒè§£æãããŠããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | èŸæž | éåæ代ã«ã¯çŸç§èŸæžãäºäžæŽããè©©äœã®ããã®å®çšçé»æžãå¹³ä»åé¡æãã»ããèªæºèŸæžãšãããã¹ãã塵è¢ãããåèªèšããªã©ãç·šãŸããããã«ãªã£ãããŸã宀çºæ代ã«ã¯ãèªã¿æžããåºãéå±€ãžæ®åãå§ããããšãèæ¯ã«ã挢詩ãäœãããã®é»æžãèåé»ç¥ãã挢åèŸæžãåçç¯ããåèš³ã«éä¿èªãå«ããåœèªèŸæžãäžåŠéããæ¥åžžèªã®åèªãããã¯é ã«äžŠã¹ãéä¿ççŸç§èŸæžãç¯çšéããªã©ã®èŸæžãç·šãŸãããããã«å®åæ¡å±±æ代ã®ææ«æã«ã¯ãã€ãšãºã¹äŒã®ããªã¹ãæ宣æåž«ã«ãã£ãŠãæ¥æ¬èªãšãã«ãã¬ã«èªã®èŸæžãæ¥è¡èŸæžããäœæãããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | èŸæž | æ±æžæ代ã«ã¯ã宀çºæã®ãç¯çšéããå
ã«ããŠå€æ°ã®èŸæžãç·šéã»åè¡ããããæææ¬ãç¯çšéããæžèšåèç¯çšéããªã©ãäž»ãªãã®ã§ããããã®ã»ãã俳諧çšèªèŸæžãå«ããäžè©±å°œããèªæºèŸæžãæ¥æ¬éåããä¿èªèŸæžãå¿åžå¯èµ·ããæè©èŸæžãå èŸèããªã©ãç·šçºãããããšãããè°·å·å£«æž
ãåèšæ ãã倪ç°å
šæãä¿èšé芧ããç³å·é
æãé
èšé芧ãã¯ããããããããããŠå€§éšãªãã®ã§ããè¿äžæã®äžå€§èŸæžããšããããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | èŸæž | ææ²»æ代ã«å
¥ãã1889幎ãã倧槻æ圊線ã®å°åèŸæžãèšæµ·ããåè¡ããããããã¯ãå€å
žèªã»æ¥åžžèªã網çŸ
ããäºåé³é ã«èŠåºãã䞊ã¹ãŠãåè©ã»æŒ¢åè¡šèšã»èªéãä»ããåã®è¿ä»£çãªæ¥æ¬èªèŸæžã§ãã£ãããèšæµ·ãã¯ãåŸã®èŸæžã®æš¡ç¯çååšãšãªããåŸã«å¢è£çã®ã倧èšæµ·ããåè¡ãããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | èŸæž | ãã®åŸãåºã䜿ãããå°åã®æ¥æ¬èªèŸæžãšããŠã¯ãéæ²¢åºäžéç·šãèŸæãã®ã»ããæ°æåºç·šãèŸèããªã©ãããã第äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠäžããæŠåŸã«ãããŠã¯éç°äžäº¬å©ç·šãæ解åœèªèŸå
žããããçšããããä»æ¥ã®ãäžçå åœèªèŸå
žããæ°æ解åœèªèŸå
žãã«åŒãç¶ãããŠããã |
11 | æ¥æ¬èª | èŸæž | äžåèŸæžãšããŠã¯ã第äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåã¯ã倧èšæµ·ãã®ã»ããæŸäºç°¡æ²»ã»äžç°äžå¹Žç·šã倧æ¥æ¬åœèªèŸå
žããªã©ãåè¡ããããæŠåŸã¯æ°æåºç·šãåºèŸèããªã©ãåºãåãå
¥ããããŠãããçŸåšã§ã¯æŸææç·šã倧èŸæããã¯ãããæ°çš®ã®äžåèŸæžãå ãã£ãŠããã»ããå¯äžã«ããŠæ倧ã®å€§åèŸæžãæ¥æ¬åœèªå€§èŸå
žã(çŽ50äžèª)ãããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | null | å°çåŠ(ã¡ããããè±: geographyãä»: géographieãäŒ: geografiaãç¬: Geographie (-fie) ãŸã㯠Erdkunde)ã¯ãå°çè¡šé¢ã®èªç¶ã»äººæäºè±¡ã®ç¶æ
ãšããããã®çžäºé¢ä¿ãç 究ããåŠåãå°åã空éãå Žæãèªç¶ç°å¢ãšããç©ççååšã察象ã®äžã«å«ãããšããã人æç§åŠã瀟äŒç§åŠãèªç¶ç§åŠã®ãããã®æ§æ Œãæãããåºç¯ãªé åã網çŸ
ããããŸããå°çåŠãšå²åŠã¯è«žç§åŠã®æ¯ããšç§°ãããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | null | å
æ¥ã¯èŸ²èãæŠäºã統治ã®ãããåå°ã®æ
å ±ã調æ»ããŸãšããããã®ç 究é åãšããŠæç«ããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | å称 | å°çåŠã®ãå°çãã¯ãå€ä»£äžåœã§èšããããæçµãã®ãåšæãæ¬æã«å¯Ÿããååã®æ³šéããåç¿Œãäžã®äžç¯ãç¹èŸäžå³ãã«ç±æ¥ããããã ããæçµã«ããããå°çãã«ã€ããŠã蟻ç°å³å·Šç·ã¯ããã ã¡ã«ä»æ¥çæå³ã§ç解ããã®ã¯ããæ©èšããšããŠãããæµ·éäžéã¯åŸäžã«ããã䜿çšäŸããã客芳çãªå°èªçèšè¿°ãšåå çãªé¢šæ°Žçèšè¿°ããããæã£ãææ§ãªæŠå¿µã§ãããšææãããå®éã«ãåœæã®ãå°çãã®èªçŸ©ã¯ãåšæãã«æœãããç¡æ°ã®æ³šéã«ãããŠæ§ã
ã«è«ããããŠããã挢åæååã«ãã㊠geographyãã颚åèšãã§ã¯ãªããå°çåŠããšèš³ãããèŠå ããããã泚éæžã«æ±ããããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | å称 | 蟻ç°ã«ããã°ãçŸä»£ã®ãå°çåŠãã®èªæºã§ãããå°çãæŠå¿µãåæããã®ã§ããã°ããã®åŠå²çãªæ·µæºã«é¡ãå¿
èŠãããããã®æ·µæºã¯å°ãªããšãåççãªæ±ååŠçæé€ãåããæ±æžæ代ã®ååŠè
ã«æ±ãããããšããããããåããçç°çåºã¯ãæ±ååŠã«ããããå°çãã®èªçŸ©ã®ææ¡ã«åªãããçç°ã«ãããšããæçµãã®æ³šéã«ãããŠå®çŸ©ãããªãã£ãå以åããå°çãã¯æŒ ç¶ãšå°åœ¢ãæ€çãè¡šãèªã«éããªãã£ãããããå代ã«å
¥ããšããå°çãã¯1å°åœ¢ãæ€çéã®èŠåçãªæ§é (åç©éã«ãã)ã2ç¥èŠå¯èœãªç©è³ªçŸè±¡ãããæ°ãã®äžééå(æéŒç¥ã«ãã)ãšããäºèª¬ã«ããæ確ã«å®çŸ©ããããç¶ãå®ä»£ã«ã¯ãå°çãã®èªçŸ©ãè€éã«æŽç·Žããããå°çãã1äœçœ®ãçŸè±¡ã®æ§é ãšãã説ã2èªèäžã®åºåã«éå
ãã説ã3圢èäžã®åçã®çŸè±¡ãžã®è¡šåºãšãã説ã4æéã®çµ¶å¯Ÿç©ºéãšãã説ãªã©ãçžæ¬¡ãã§çãŸããããŸããå代ã«ãããŠã¯é¢šæ°Žææ³ãæ±ããã®ããå°çæžãã®åŒç§°ãåŸãŠãããå®ä»£ã«ã¯å°èªã«åœãããªããå°çæžãã®ååšãäžè¬åããŠããããã®ããã«ãå以éã®äžåœã§ã¯ãå°çãæŠå¿µãå·¡ã£ãŠå€æ§ãªè°è«ãå±éãããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | å称 | ãå°çãæŠå¿µãšåæ§ã«ããå°çåŠãã«å¯Ÿãã解éãå€æ§ã§ãããå°çåŠã¯æ代ã«ãã£ãŠãæŠå¿µãæ±ãé åã倧ããå€ãã£ãŠããããšã§ãçŸåšã§ãäžå®ã®å®çŸ©ãäžããããšã¯å°é£ã§ãããå®éãå°çåŠã¯ã人é¡ã®çæ
åŠãããååžã®ç§åŠãããåå°ãšäººéã®é¢ä¿åŠãã§ãããšäž»åŒµããè
ãããããªãã¯ã¹ãã©ãŒãå°çåŠèŸå
žã«ããã°ãå°çåŠã蟿ã£ãçŽäœæ²æãçµ±æ¬ã§ããå®çŸ©ãèŠåºãã®ã¯ç¡è¬ãšãããã®ã®ãã©ã«ãã»ãªã³ãã³ãå±ãããå°çåŠã¯ãæ¯èŠ³ã®ç 究ãã§ããããšããèŠè§£ãå°çåŠè
ã®é¢å¿ãæãçµ±åã§ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããä»æ¹ã§å°çåŠèŸå
žã§ã¯ãå€ãã®å°çåŠè
ã¯ãå°çè¡šé¢ãããã®å°åçå·®ç°ãšãã芳ç¹ããç 究ããã®ãå°çåŠããšããææ³ã«äžèŽãããšããããŸããææ°å°çåŠçšèªèŸå
žã§ã¯å°çåŠããå°è¡šã®èªç¶ã»äººæã«ãããè«žçŸè±¡ããç°å¢ã»å°åã»ç©ºéãªã©ã®æŠå¿µã«åºã¥ããŠè§£æããããšããåŠåããšããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | å称 | ãã®ãããªå°è¡šã®è«žçŸè±¡ã究æããããšãã系統å°çåŠã®æ¹åæ§ã«å¯ŸããŠããèªç¶ã»äººæã«ãããè«žçŸè±¡ã®çžäºé¢ä¿ãç·åçã«ç 究ããŠãå°åçæ§æ Œã究æããå°èªåŠãçã®å°çåŠã§ããããšäž»åŒµããè
ããããåæ§ã«ã20äžçŽä»¥éã®ãã©ã³ã¹å°çåŠæŽŸãããŒã¯ã¬ãŒåŠæŽŸãå°çåŠããå°åã®ç 究ã§ããããšã¿ãªããåžžã«äººéãšç©ççç°å¢ãšã®çžäºäœçšã«éç¹ã眮ããŠããããã®ç³»çµ±å°çåŠãšå°èªåŠã®å®çŸ©ãçµ±åããŠãäŸãã°åºèŸèã§ã¯å°çåŠããå°çã®è¡šé¢ãšäœæ°ã®ç¶æ
ãªãã³ã«ãã®çžäºäœçšãç 究ããåŠåããšããŠããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | æŽå² | å°çåŠèªçã®å°ã¯ãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã§ãããåŠåãšããŠã¯ãåç©åŠã®éšéã«å±ããããã®æºæµã¯ãåå°ã®æ§åãèšèŒããå°èªåŠçãªãã®ãšãæ°åãæµ·æŽã«ã€ããŠç 究ããå°çç§åŠçãªãã®ãšã«èŠãããšãã§ãããäžäžã§ã¯åæ»ããŠãããã®ã®ãã«ããµã³ã¹æã«ãããå°èªã®æ¡å€§ãã18äžçŽä»¥éãç£æ¥é©åœåŸã®èªç¶ç§åŠã®çºéãšèŠ³æž¬æ©åšã®çºéã¯è¿ä»£å°çåŠã®æç«ãžãšå°ããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | æŽå² | çŸåšèŠãããšã®ã§ããç§åŠçãªå°çåŠã®æºæµã¯19äžçŽåé ã®ãã€ãã§ããããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããŒã»ãã©ã³ã»ãã³ãã«ããšã«ãŒã«ã»ãªãã¿ãŒã«ããæç«ããã圌ãã¯ãè¿ä»£å°çåŠã®ç¶ããšãããŠããããªãã§ããã³ãã«ããèªç¶å°çåŠã®å§ç¥ãšãããã®ã«å¯Ÿãããªãã¿ãŒã¯äººæå°çåŠã®åµå§è
ãšãããŠããã圌ãã¯å°èªçãªèšè¿°ã°ããã§ã¯ãªããæ§ã
ãªå°ççãªçŸè±¡ã«å
çé£é¢ãèªããå°çåŠã«ãããŠãã®è§£æã®éèŠæ§ã説ããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | æŽå² | 19äžçŽåŸåã«ã¯ãããªãŒããªãã»ã©ããã§ã«ãèªç¶å°çã®æ¡ä»¶ã«äººé¡ã¯åŒ·ã圱é¿ãåãããšå±ããã®ã¡ã«ããã¯ç°å¢æ±ºå®è«ãšåŒã°ããããã«ãªããäžæ¹ãããŒã«ã»ãŽã£ãã«ã»ãã¥ã»ã©ã»ãã©ãŒã·ã¥ã¯èªç¶ã¯äººé¡ã®æŽ»åã«å¯èœæ§ãäžããŠãããã®ãšå®çŸ©ããããã¯ç°å¢å¯èœè«ãšåŒã°ããããã«ãªããªã©ã系統å°çåŠãæŽåããããã¢ã«ãã¬ãŒãã»ãããããŒããªãã£ãŒãã»ããŒãããŒã³ã¯å°åã®è§£æãéèŠããå°èªåŠã«å€§ããªè¶³è·¡ãæ®ããããŸããã®ææãæ¥æ¬ãªã©äžçååœã«å°çåŠã移å
¥ãããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | æŽå² | ãã®ææãŸã§ã®å°çåŠã®äžå¿ã¯å°èªåŠã§ãã£ããã1950幎以éãã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœãäžå¿ã«ãªã£ãŠã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãçµ±èšããŒã¿ãªã©ãçšããŠãèšéçãªå°çåŠãäžçäžã«æ¥éã«æ®åããããã®èšéé©åœã«ãã£ãŠããããŸã§ã®å°èªåŠã¯åæ§èšè¿°çã»éç§åŠçã§ãããšããŠè¡°éããŠãã£ãã1970幎代åŸå以éãèšéçãªå°çåŠã¯åæšå·¥åŠãçµæžåŠãšã®ç«¶äºã«æããåç±³ãäžå¿ã«äžæŠã¯è¡°éããããå°çæ
å ±ã·ã¹ãã (GIS)ãå°çç°å¢ã«é¢é£ããå¿çšçãªç 究ãçãã«ãªã£ãããŸã1960幎代ãã1970幎代ã«ãããŠèšéå°çåŠãžã®ååãããã©ãã£ã«ã«å°çåŠã人æ䞻矩å°çåŠãæç«ããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | äžäœåé | å°çåŠã¯ã倧ãã系統å°çåŠãšå°èªåŠã«åé¡ããã系統å°çåŠã¯ããã«èªç¶å°çåŠãšäººæå°çåŠã«åããããããããããŸã现ããåé¡ãããããã ããèªç¶å°çåŠã®è«žåéã¯å°çç§åŠã®åœ±é¿ãåãããã®äžã§ãæã«çæ
åŠãæ°è±¡åŠãå°è³ªåŠãªã©ãšé£æºãããããšãå€ãã人æå°çåŠã¯æŽå²åŠã»ç€ŸäŒåŠã»çµæžåŠãªã©ã®è¿é£åéã®åœ±é¿ãåãããããã®ç¥èãªãã³ã«é£æ¥åéã®çè«ã®ååãªç解ãèŠæ±ãããåŠåã§ããããŸããèªç¶å°çåŠã»äººæå°çåŠãšãã«çŸå°èª¿æ»(ãã£ãŒã«ãã¯ãŒã¯)ããšã¯ã¹ã«ãŒã·ã§ã³(å·¡æ€ãšãåŒã¶)ãå®æœããå®å°èª¿æ»ã«åºã¥ã芳å¯ãéèŠããåŸåãããã®ãç¹åŸŽã§ããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | äžäœåé | èªç¶å°çåŠã«è©²åœãããã®ãæ°åãæ±ãæ°ååŠãæ°Žåãæ±ãæ°ŽæåŠãå°è¡šåãæ±ãå°åœ¢åŠãçç©åãæ±ãçç©å°çåŠãåå£åãæ±ãåå£å°çåŠããããŠéªæ°·åãæ±ãéªæ°·å°çåŠãšãã£ãå°éåéã«åãããŠããããŸã第åçŽåŠã®ããã«åŠéçãªç 究åéãå€ãååšããããããã®å ŽåããåŠåäžã§å³æ Œãªç·åŒãã¯ååšãããäŸãã°æ°åå°åœ¢åŠã®ãããªèªç¶å°çåŠã®äžã§ãåéã®ãŸããã£ãç 究ãåŸã
ã«ãããŠãããã»ãšãã©ã®å Žåããããã®åŠåææããããã«ã¯ãçŸå°èª¿æ»(ãã£ãŒã«ãã¯ãŒã¯)ãèŠæ±ãããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | äžäœåé | 人æå°çåŠã«è©²åœãããã®ãããããã»ãšãã©ã®å ŽåãåŠåææããããã«ã¯ãçŸå°èª¿æ»(ãã£ãŒã«ãã¯ãŒã¯)ãèŠæ±ãããããããã®å ŽåããåŠåäžã§å®å
šã«ç¬ç«ããŠããããã§ã¯ãªããäŸãã°éœåžå°çåŠãšçµæžå°çåŠã®è€ååéãç 究察象ã«ãããšããããšãå¯èœã§ããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | äžäœåé | ä»åéã«ãããŠããçç©åŠã®çç©å°çåŠãªã©å°çåŠãšããåããã€åŠåãããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | äžäœåé | å°èªåŠ(å°åå°çåŠ)ã¯ãããç¹å®ãããå°åå
ã«ãããå°çåŠçäºè±¡ãèªç¶å°çã»äººæå°çäž¡æ¹ã®èŠå°ããç 究ããåŠåã§ãããèªç¶å°çã»äººæå°çã«ããããããå®éã«ç 究ããéã¯ãå
·äœçãªå°åãéžå®ããªããŠã¯ãªããªããããã²ãšã€ã®å°éåéãšããããã¯å°çåŠã®å
±éåºç€éšåãšèªèãããŠãããæåŠãåœéé¢ä¿åŠæ¹é¢ã®å°åç 究(åŠ)ãšã®å
±éç¹ãããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | ç 究æ¹æ³ | å°çåŠã§ã¯å°åå·®ããããã®ãåãæ±ããããå°å³ãå¿
é ã§ãããšãšãã«ãå°å³ãçšããŠäºè±¡ã®åæãåå ã®èå¯ãè¡ãããšãã§ãããäºç©ã®ååžãèå¯ããã«ããã£ãŠãååžå³ã®äœæãæãããããååžå³ã§ã¯ãäºç©ã®äœçœ®ãå€å¯¡ãåãã®çšåºŠãè¡šçŸããããããååžã«ã€ããŠæ·±ãèå¯ããããã§æå¹ã§ããããã®ããšã«ãã£ãŠå°ççäºè±¡ã®å°åæ§ãäžè¬æ§ã®è§£æã«ã€ãªãããååžã®æ§è³ªãåæããŠããç 究ã®ä»£è¡šäŸãšããŠãé«æ©äŒžå€«ã¯ãå°çåŠãžã®æåŸ
ãã«ãŠãã¥ãŒãã³ã®å€ç«åœãšã¯ãªã¹ã¿ã©ãŒã®äžå¿å°çè«ãæ瀺ããŠããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | æ¥æ¬ã®å°çæè²ã»ç 究 | æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯äž»ã«æåŠéšã§å°çåŠãæè²ã»ç 究ãããŠãããæ±æ¥æ¬ã®åœå
¬ç«å€§åŠã§ã¯çåŠéšã§æè²ã»ç 究ãè¡ã倧åŠãããããŸããæé€åŠéš(æçåŠéš)ãæè²åŠéšã«ãèšçœ®ãããŠããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | æ¥æ¬ã®å°çæè²ã»ç 究 | ãã ããæåŠéšèšçœ®ã®å€§åŠã§ãèªç¶å°çåŠã®ç 究ãè¡ãããŠãããããçåŠéšèšçœ®ã®å€§åŠã§ãç 究ãæè²ãèªç¶å°çåŠã«éå®ãããŠããããã§ããªãããŸãããã®ä»ã®åŠéšã§ãå°çåŠã«é¢ããã³ãŒã¹ãååšãã倧åŠãããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | æ¥æ¬ã®å°çæè²ã»ç 究 | å°çåŠãã«ããŒããç¯å²ã¯æ¥µããŠåºãã倧åŠã«ãããŠãå°çåŠç§ãããå°åŠç§ããšããå称ã§ãªããŠãæ¹ç§°ãããåéå¥ã«åç·šãããããŠå®è³ªçã«å°çåŠæè²ãè¡ã£ãŠããåŠç§ã»å°æ»ã¯å°ãªããªãã |
12 | å°çåŠ | æ¥æ¬ã®å°çæè²ã»ç 究 | å°çåŠã®åŠéæ§ããã倧åŠé¢çã倧åŠæå¡ã¬ãã«ã«ãªããšè€æ°ã®åŠäŒã«æå±ããŠããè
ãå€ããè¿å¹Žã¯å°çæ
å ±ã·ã¹ãã (GIS)ãçšãã解æãäžéšã¢ããªã³ã°ãçãã«è¡ãããŠããã»ãã瀟äŒç課é¡ãè€éåããäžã«ãããŠå°åãå€è§çã»ç·åçã«ç解ããåŠååéãšããŠæ³šç®ãããŠããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | æ¥æ¬ã®å°çæè²ã»ç 究 | æ¥æ¬ã«ãããå°çåŠç³»åŠäŒãšããŠã¯ã1925幎ã«æ¥æ¬å°çåŠäŒãèšç«ãããã®ãç®åãã«ã1948幎ã«äººæå°çåŠäŒã1954幎ã«çµæžå°çåŠäŒãèšç«ããããªã©ãå€ãã®åŠäŒãååšããããããã®åŠäŒã¯ãæ¥æ¬å°çåŠäŒã®ãå°çåŠè©è«ãã人æå°çåŠäŒã®ã人æå°çããšãã£ãåŠè¡èªãå®æçã«çºè¡ããŠããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | æ¥æ¬ã®å°çæè²ã»ç 究 | ææ²»ç¶æ°åŸãè¿ä»£åŠå¶ãæŽåãããäžã§ãå°èªãäžå¿ãšããå°çåŠã¯åœæ°æèã圢æããããã«éèŠãããåçã»äžçæè²ã®ç§ç®ã®1ã€ãšããããããã¯ç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåŸãå€ããããå°çã¯å°åŠæ ¡ããã³äžåŠæ ¡ã§ã¯ç€ŸäŒç§ã®ãã¡ã®1ã€ã«äœçœ®ã¥ããããé«çåŠæ ¡ã§ãç§ç®åã«å€é·ã¯ããã©1ã€ã®ç§ç®ãšããŠå°çã¯ååšãç¶ããŠããã |
12 | å°çåŠ | æ¥æ¬ã®å°çæè²ã»ç 究 | é«çåŠæ ¡ã«ãããŠã¯é·ãããå°çãã¯å¿
ä¿®ã§ãã£ããã1970幎å瀺ã®åŠç¿æå°èŠé 以ééžæç§ç®ã®1ã€ãšãªããããã«1989幎å瀺ã®åŠç¿æå°èŠé ã«ãããŠãäžçå²ããå¿
ä¿®ã«ãªããšãã®åœ±é¿ã§ãå°çããéžæããçåŸãæžå°ããå°çåŠãžèå³ã»é¢å¿ãæã€æ©äŒãæžå°ããŠããããããã2018幎å瀺ã®åŠç¿æå°èŠé ã«ãããŠã2022幎4æããåã³ãå°çããå¿
ä¿®åãããã |
31 | ã㪠| null | ããªåž(ããªããä»: Ville de Paris)ãé称ããª(ä»: Parisãå·Žé)ã¯ããã©ã³ã¹ã®éŠéœãã€ã«=ã=ãã©ã³ã¹å°ååã®éŠåºããã©ã³ã¹æ倧ã®éœåžã§ãããååœã®æ¿æ²»ãçµæžãæåãªã©ã®äžå¿å°ããã³ãã³ãšå
±ã«æ¬§å·ã代衚ããäžçéœåžã ã«ãŒãŽã«çŸè¡é€šãå«ã1åºãäžå¿ãšããŠæèšåãã«20ã®è¡æ¿åºã䞊ã³ããšã¹ã«ã«ãŽãšåœ¢å®¹ãããã |
31 | ã㪠| æŠèŠ | åžåã¯ãã£ãšãŒã«ã®åå£è·¡ã«é ãããç°ç¶é«ééè·¯ã®å
åŽã®åžè¡å°(é¢ç©ã¯86.99kmãåè:æ±äº¬éœã»å±±æç·ã®å
åŽã¯63kmããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯åžã»ãã³ããã¿ã³ã¯59km)ãããã³ããã®å€åŽè¥¿éšã®ãããŒãã¥ã®æ£®ãšå€åŽæ±éšã®ãŽã¡ã³ã»ã³ãã®æ£®ã䜵ãã圢ãšãªã£ãŠãããé¢ç©ã¯105.40kmãã±ã¹ã¿å°åœ¢ãåããããªçå°ã®ã»ãŒäžå€®ã«äœçœ®ããåžå
ãã»ãŒãå·ã貫ãããã®å·ã®äžå·ã§ããã·ã島ãäžå¿ã«çºéãããåžå
ã®å°åœ¢ã¯æ¯èŒçå¹³åŠã§ããããæšé«ã¯æäœã§ã»ãŒãå·æ²¿ãã®35ã¡ãŒãã«ãæé«ã§ã¢ã³ãã«ãã«ã®äžã®130ã¡ãŒãã«ã§ãããåç·¯49床ãšããé«ç·¯åºŠã«äœçœ®ããããæž©ããå倧西æŽæµ·æµãšå西颚ã«ãã£ãŠ1幎ãéããŠæ¯èŒçæž©æãšãªã£ãŠããã西岞海æŽæ§æ°åã®ä»£è¡šçãªéœåžã§ããã |
31 | ã㪠| æŠèŠ | EUã代衚ãã倧éœåžãšããŠåèšããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã·ã³ã¯ã¿ã³ã¯ã2020幎ã«çºè¡šããç·åçãªäžçéœåžã©ã³ãã³ã°ã«ãããŠããã³ãã³ããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã«æ¬¡ãäžç3äœã®éœåžãšè©äŸ¡ããããæ¥æ¬ã®æ°éã·ã³ã¯ã¿ã³ã¯ã«ãã2017幎çºè¡šã®ãäžçã®éœåžç·ååã©ã³ãã³ã°ãã§ã¯ããã³ãã³ããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ãæ±äº¬ã«æ¬¡ãäžç4äœã®éœåžãšè©äŸ¡ããããäžç500倧äŒæ¥ã®æ¬ç€Ÿæ°ã§ã¯ããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ããã³ãã³ãåãã西æŽã®éœåžã§ã¯æå€ã§ããã2021幎ã®ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ã·ã³ã¯ã¿ã³ã¯ã®èª¿æ»ã«ãããšãäžç10äœã®éèã»ã³ã¿ãŒãšè©äŸ¡ãããŠãããEUåå
ã§ã¯éŠäœã§ããã |
31 | ã㪠| æŠèŠ | ããªã¯äžçå±æã®èŠ³å
éœåžã§ãããæŽå²çãªå»ºç©ã芳ãããšãã§ããã«ãŒãŽã«çŸè¡é€šããã³ããã¥ãŒã»ã³ã¿ãŒãªã©ãã¯ãããšããäžæµã®çŸè¡é€šã§èšå€§ãªæ°ã®äžæµã®çŸè¡åã芳è³ã§ããããŸãäžçæå€ã®ãã¬ãšå£ããäžçã§ãã£ãšãå€ãããååšããŠããåå£ãªã©ã®å
¬æŒã楜ããããšãã§ããã |
31 | ã㪠| æŠèŠ | ããªåºèº«è
ã»å±
äœè
ã¯ç·æ§ãããªãžã£ã³(ä»: Parisienããã©ã³ã¹èªçºé³: [parizjÉÌ] ããªãºã£ã€ã³)ã女æ§ãããªãžã§ã³ã(ä»: Parisienneããã©ã³ã¹èªçºé³: [parizjÉn] ããªãºã£ãšã³ã)ãšåŒã°ããã1960幎代以éãæ§æ€æ°å°ã§ãã£ãã¢ããªã«åéšã»äžè¥¿éšãã€ã³ãã·ãå島ãããã«è¿å¹Žã¯äžè¿æ±ãæ±æ¬§ãäžåœãªã©ããã®ç§»æ°ãå¢ããããªãžã£ã³ã»ããªãžã§ã³ããå€æ°æã»å€äººçš®åããŠããã |
31 | ã㪠| æŠèŠ | åžå人å£ã¯1950幎代ã®çŽ290äžäººã絶é ã«æžå°ãç¶ããããããæ°å¹Žã¯åŸ®å¢åŸåã«è»¢ããŠããã2011幎çŸåšã§çŽ225äžäººã§ãã(INSEEã«ãã)ã2011幎ã®è¿éãå«ãéœåžçå°åã®äººå£ã§ã¯1,200äžäººãè¶
ããŠãããEUæ倧ã®éœåžéšã圢æããŠããã |
31 | ã㪠| æŠèŠ | ããªåžã®æšèªã¯ãããããã©ãæ²ãŸã(ã©ãã³èª: Fluctuat nec mergitur, ãã©ã³ã¹èª: il est battu par les flots mais ne sombre pas)ã§ãããããã¯ããªã®çŽç« ã®äžéšã«æžãããŠãããããšããšæ°Žéã®äžå¿å°ã ã£ãããªã§ãæ°Žäžå人çµåã®è¹ä¹ãã®èšèã ã£ããããããŠæŠä¹±ãé©åœãªã©æŽå²ã®èæ³¢ãçãæããŠããããªåžæ°ã®è±¡åŸŽãšãªã£ãŠãã£ãããã®æšèªã¯ç¹ã«2015幎ã®ããªåæå€çºããäºä»¶ã®çŽåŸãããªã®è¡è§ã«å€æ°æ²ããããã |
31 | ã㪠| æŠèŠ | èªæºã¯Parisii(ããªã·ã€ãããªãŒã¹ã£ã€ãšããè€æ°åœ¢ãåæ°åœ¢ã¯Parisiusãç°èè
ãä¹±æŽè
ã)ã§ãããŒã人ãå
¥ã£ãŠãã以åããã®å
äœæ°ã§ããã±ã«ãç³»éšæã®ãããŒãåŽããã®åŒç§°ã§ããã 欧å·ã®èšèªã®äžã§å€ãæ代ã®çè·¡ããšã©ããŠããã®ãªã·ã£èªã§ã¯Î αÏίÏι(ããªãŒãºã£)ãã€ã¿ãªã¢èªã§ Parigi(ããªãŒãž)ãšçºé³ãããããã£ã³ã©ã³ãèªã§ Pariisi(ããªãŒã¹ã£)ãšçºé³ãããã®ã¯ããã«ç±æ¥ããŠãããšãã説ããããã«ãŒããã£ã¢(ã»ããªãŒã¹ã£ãªãŒã«ã )Lutetia(Parisiorum)ã ãããªã·ã€æã®ãæ°Žã®äžã®å±
äœå°ã(ã·ã島ã®ããš)ãšãåŒã°ããŠããã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | 西岞海æŽæ§æ°åã«å±ããææµã§ããå倧西æŽæµ·æµã®åœ±é¿ã§é«ç·¯åºŠã®å²ã«ã¯æž©æã§ãããå€(6æ - 8æ)ã¯æ°æž©ã15床ãã25床ãŸã§ã®ç¯å²ã§ãå·æ¶Œã§ä¹Ÿç¥ããŠããéããããããã幎éæ°æ¥çšåºŠã¯32床ãè¶
ããæããšãªãããããã2003幎å€ã«ã¯30床以äžã®æ°æž©ãæ°é±éãç¶ãã40床è¿ãæ°æž©ã芳枬ãã1äžäººä»¥äžã®æ»è
ãåºãããæ¥(3æ - 5æ)ãšç§(9æ - 10æ)ã¯å€©åã¯äžå®å®ã§ãæããææãšå¯ãææãåå±
ãã10æã§ãçå¬äžŠã¿ã®å¯ããšãªãããšããããå¬(11 - 2æ)ã¯ãããšããšé«ç·¯åºŠã§æŒéã®æéãçããããæããéšã®æ¥ãå€ãããæ¥ç
§æéãå°ãªãããééªã»ç©éªã¯ããŸãèŠãããªãã幎éæ°æ¥çšåºŠã¯æ°æž©ãæ°·ç¹äž5床以äžãŸã§äžãããããããªããè¿å¹Žã®å¬ã¯å¯ããå³ããã2009幎 - 2010幎ã®å¬ã«ã¯ããªéå€ã§ã¯æ°æž©ã-10床ãã-20床ååŸãŸã§äžãã£ãŠãããªã©ãå¯æ°ã®åœ±é¿ãåãããããªã£ãŠããã幎ééæ°Žéã¯555.7mmã§ãããããã»ã©å€ãã¯ãªãã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | ããªã®æ°è±¡èŠ³æž¬ã¯äžå¿éšããé¢ãã14åºã«ããã¢ã³ã¹ãŒãªå
¬åã§è¡ãããŠããã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | ããªã®éå€ã«ã¯ãŽã§ã«ãµã€ãŠãªã©æåãªèŠ³å
å°ãããã€ãããããã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯ããªããæ¥åž°ãã§åŸåŸ©ã§ããã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | 16åº - 17åºã«ã€ãªããã»ãŒãå·äžæµã®è¥¿éšæ¹é¢ã«ã¯ééãªé«çŽäœå®
å°ãåºãã£ãŠãããéã«18åº - 20åºããã€ãªããåæ±æ¹é¢ã¯äœæåŸå±€ã®éãŸãå°äŸ¡ã®å®ãéå€ãšãªã£ãŠãããè¿å¹Žã¯ç¯çœªå¢å ãªã©ã®åé¡ãæ±ããŠããããã©ã³ã¹ã§åã«ãéå€(ãã³ãªã¥ãŒ)ããšããå Žåãããããå°åãå©æ²çã«æãããšãå€ãããã®ä»ã®æ¹é¢ã®éå€ã¯äžè¬çãªäœå®
è¡æéœåžãšãªã£ãŠããã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | ããªããé»è»ã§å30åã»ã©é¢ããéå€ã«ã¯ããã€ãã®è¡æéœåžããããè¿ä»£å»ºç¯ã«ãã£ãŠçºã®æ©èœãæŽããããŠãããäžã§ãã©ã»ããã¡ã³ã¹å°åºã«ã¯ãæ°å±æéã°ã©ã³ãã«ã·ã¥ããã¯ããé«å±€ãã«çŸ€ãéäžããŠãããå€æ°ã®äŒæ¥ã®æ¯åºãæ±ããæ°éœå¿ãšãªã£ãŠããã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | å
¬åã¯ãã«ã¯(Parc)ãåºåã¯ãžã£ã«ãã³(Jardin)ãšåŒã°ãåºå¥ãããŠããã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | ããªã«ã¯æ±è¥¿2ã€ã®å€§ããªæ£®ããããããªåžæ°ã®æ©ãã®å°ãšãªã£ãŠãããçŸåšã¯ãã®æ£®ãããªåžã®æ·å°ã«å«ãŸããã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | ããªã¯æ±è¥¿ååã«4ã€ã®äž»èŠãªå¢å°ããããå€ãã®èå人ãç ã£ãŠããã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | ãã®ä»ãããªäžå¿éšã«äœçœ®ãããã³ããªã³ã«ãã«ãœãŒããŽã©ã«ããŒã«ããŽã£ã¯ãã«ã»ãŠãŒãŽãŒããã«ã«ããšãã£ãå人ãã¡ãåè¬ãããŠããã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | ããªåžã®äººå£ã¯2011幎çŸåšãçŽ225äžäººã§ãè¿å¹Žã¯åŸ®å¢åŸåã«ãããç¹ã«ãåéçºãé²ãåéšã移æ°æµå
¥ã®èããæ±éšã§ã®äººå£å¢å ãç®ç«ã£ãŠããã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | ãã®éãéå€(åžåå€)ã®äººå£ã¯å¢å ããŠããã20äžçŽä»¥éããã€ãŠåå£ã«å²ãŸããŠããåžåå€ã«ãåžè¡å°ã倧ããæ¡å€§ãç¶ããçŸåšãã€ã«=ã=ãã©ã³ã¹å°åå(ããªå°åå)å
šäœã®äººå£ã¯1,198äžäººã«ã®ãŒããããªåžåå
ãããããåæ¥ã»æ¥åã»äœå®
å°ãšããŠã®æŽ»æ°ãšåšä¿¡ãç¶æããŠãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®å€§éœåžãªã©ã§èŠãããéœå¿éšã®èå»ãéå€ãžã®äººå£æµåº(ã€ã³ããŒã·ãã£åé¡)ã¯ãã»ã©èŠãããªãããããã移æ°ã®å€ãäžéšã®éå€ã§ã®æ²»å®ã®æªåãé¡èã§ãã(ãã³ãªã¥ãŒåç
§)ã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | ããªã¯ã»ãã®å€§éœåžåæ§ãåŠçãè¥è
ãè人ãå€ãäžæ¹ãåäŸãæããã«ããã«ã®å²åã¯äœãã1999幎ãããªåžã®äžåž¯æ°ã®22ããŒã»ã³ãã人å£æ°ã®40.7ããŒã»ã³ãã¯1人以äžã®åäŸãæããã«ããã«ã§ãã£ãããå身äžåž¯æ°ã®å²åã¯27ããŒã»ã³ããã«ããã«ã®ã¿ã®äžåž¯æ°ã®å²åã¯19ããŒã»ã³ãã§ãã£ããããªåžã§ã¯47ããŒã»ã³ã(ãã©ã³ã¹å
šäœã®å¹³åã¯35ããŒã»ã³ã)ã®äººã
ãç¬èº«ã§ã37ããŒã»ã³ã(å50ããŒã»ã³ã以äž)ãçµå©ããŠããããŸãç芪äžåž¯ã®å²åã26ããŒã»ã³ã(å17ããŒã»ã³ã)ãšé«ããé¢å©çããã£ãšãé«ããå©å§»100件ã®ãã¡55件ã¯é¢å©ã«è³ã£ãŠãããããªåžæ°ã®7.7ããŒã»ã³ããå ããŠããã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | åºççã¯1,000人äž14.8人ã§ãããåœå¹³åã®13.2ããŒã»ã³ãããé«ããäžæ¹ãåäŸã®æ°ã¯äžåž¯ããã1.75人ã§ãåœå¹³åã®1.86人ããå°ãªããååã®äžåž¯ã«ãããŠåäŸã¯1人ã§ãããããªåžã§ã¯äœå±
ãçãé«é¡ã§ããããšãããã®äž»å ã§ããã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | é«æåŸè
å±€ã¯ããã«è¥¿éšã«ãäœæåŸè
å±€ã移æ°ã¯ããã«åæ±éšã«å±
äœããŠããã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | ããªåžã®å¹³åäžåž¯æåŸã¯ãã©ã³ã¹å
šäœã®å¹³åããé«ããé£æ¥ããéå€ã®ãªãŒ=ã=ã»ãŒãçãã€ãŽãªãŒãçããšãœã³ãçããŽã¡ã«=ã=ãã«ãçã®4å°åã®å¹³åæåŸãåœå
ã§æé«æ°Žæºã§ãããã€ã«ã»ãã»ãã©ã³ã¹å°ååã«é«æåŸè
å±€ãéäžããŠããã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | ãããããªåžå
ã®ç€ŸäŒçæ Œå·®ã®ç¶æ³ã¯ãããã«è€éã§ãããäŒçµ±çã«ã¯è±ããªããªåžè¥¿éšãšã貧ããããªåžæ±éšãšããæ§å³ãã¿ããããå®éã7åºã®å¹³åäžåž¯æåŸ(2001幎)ã¯3äž1,521ãŠãŒãã«ã®ãŒãã19åºã®1äž3,759ãŠãŒãã®2å以äžãšãªã£ãŠãããã€ã«ã»ãã»ãã©ã³ã¹å°ååã«ãããŠãããª6åºã7åºã8åºã16åºã¯ãã£ãšãé«æåŸã®å°åã10åºã18åºã19åºã20åºã¯ãã£ãšãäœæåŸã®å°åã«åé¡ããããããã«ãåžå
ã®19åºã®ç¶æ³ã¯ãã®ãŸãŸæåŸãäœãåæ±éšéå€ã®ã»ãŒã=ãµã³=ããçã«é£ãªãäžæ¹ã16åºã®å€çžã¯è¥¿éšã®è±ããªéå€ã«ç¶ãã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | 18åºã19åºã20åºã«ã¯ããªã®è²§å°å±€ã®4å²ãéäžããåŠæ ¡ã®äžéã倱æ¥ãå¥åº·åé¡ãªã©ãéäžããŠãããEUåå€ããã®ç§»æ°ã¯ããã©ã³ã¹åœå
ã®åºèº«è
ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠã貧å°ãªç¶æ³ã«çœ®ãããŠããããšãå€ãã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | 18åºã¯ãã°ãªãããæè¿ã¯ãµããµãã©å°åã®ã¢ããªã«ããã®ç§»æ°ãå€ãããã©ã³ã¹ã®åœå¢èª¿æ»ã§ã¯æ³åŸäžãæ°æãå®æã®å±æ§ãåãããšãã§ããªãããåºèº«å°ã®æ
å ±ã¯åŸãããšãã§ããã1999幎ã®åœå¢èª¿æ»ã«ãããšãããªéœåžåã¯ãšãŒãããã§ãã£ãšãå€æ°æåãé²ãã§ããå°åã®ã²ãšã€ã§ããã人å£ã®19.4ããŒã»ã³ãããã©ã³ã¹æ¬åœå€ã®åºèº«ã§ããããŸããããªéœåžåã®äººå£ã®4.2ããŒã»ã³ãã¯1990幎ãã1999幎ã®éã«ãã©ã³ã¹ã«ãã£ãŠããæ°ãã移æ°ã§ããããã®å€§åã¯äžåœãŸãã¯ã¢ããªã«åºèº«ã§ãããããã«ããªéœåžåã®äººå£ã®15ããŒã»ã³ãã¯ã€ã¹ã©ã æåŸã§ããã |
31 | ã㪠| å°ç | ããªãžã®å€§éã®ç§»æ°ã®ç¬¬äžæ³¢ã¯1820幎代ããã€ãã®èŸ²æ°ãã蟲æ¥å±æ©ãšããã¬ãªã³ã»ãããã«ãã®äŸµæ»ã«ãšããªã£ãŠç§»äœããŠããããšã«ããããã®åŸãä»æ¥ã«è³ããŸã§ãäœåºŠã移æ°ã®æ³¢ãç¶ããŠããã19äžçŽã¯ã€ã¿ãªã¢äººãšäžå€®ãšãŒãããã®ãŠãã€äººã1917幎ã®ãã·ã¢é©åœåŸã¯ãã·ã¢äººã第1次äžç倧æŠäžã¯æ€æ°å°ã®åœã
ããã倧æŠéæã¯ããŒã©ã³ã人ã1950幎代ãã70幎代ã¯ã¹ãã€ã³äººãã€ã¿ãªã¢äººããã«ãã¬ã«äººãåã¢ã¡ãªã«äººããŸãã¢ããªã«ã»ã¢ãžã¢å°åã®ç¬ç«åŸã¯ãŠãã€äººã移æ°ããŠããã移æ°ã®å±
äœåºåã¯ãããããåºèº«å°ããšã«ç°ãªã£ãŠããã |
31 | ã㪠| æŽå² | ããªçå°ãæµããã»ãŒãå·ã®äžæŽ²ã·ã島ã¯å€ãããåå·ã®æž¡æ²³ç¹ã§ãããçŽå
å3äžçŽããããããªã·ã€æã®éèœã«ããã£ã¢ããã£ããçŽå
å1äžçŽãã¬ãªã¢æŠäºã®çµæã«ããã£ã¢ã¯ããŒãæ¯é
äžã«å
¥ã£ããããŒãæ代ã®ã«ããã£ã¢ã¯ã·ã島ããã»ãŒã巊岞ã«ãããŠåºãã£ãŠãããå圢åå Ž(éæå Ž)ãå
¬è¡æµŽå Žãªã©ãç¯ããããçŸåšã§ã5åºã«å圢åå Žã»éæå Žã®éºè·¡(ã¢ã¬ãŒãã»ãã»ãªã¥ãã¹)ãæµŽå Žè·¡ãæ®ã£ãŠãããããããããŒããè¡°éãããšå·Šå²žã®åžè¡å°ã¯æŸæ£ãããã·ã島ã®ã¿ãç¯å²ãšããåå¡éœåžã«ãªã£ãããã®ããããã«ããã£ã¢ã«ä»£ãããããªããšåŒã°ããããã«ãªã£ãã |
31 | ã㪠| æŽå² | 5äžçŽæ«ã«ãã©ã³ã¯æã®çã¯ããŒãŽã£ã¹1äžã¯ããªãåŸæãã508幎ã«ã¯ããªãã¡ããŽã£ã³ã°æãã©ã³ã¯çåœã®éŠéœãšããããããã¯ããŽã£ã¹1äžã®æ»åŸçåœã¯ããã€ãã«åè£ãããããããªã¯çŸåšã®ãã©ã³ã¹ãããçãç¯å²ã®éœã§ãããªãã£ããã·ã£ã«ã«ããŒãã¥(ã«ãŒã«å€§åž)以éã®ã«ããªã³ã°æãã©ã³ã¯çåœã®äžå¿ã¯ã©ã€ã³å·æµåã«ãããããªã¯äžå°æ¹éœåžã§ãããªãã£ãã |
31 | ã㪠| æŽå² | 885幎ãã886幎ã«ãããŠããªã¯ãŽã¡ã€ãã³ã°ã®è¥²æãåããããã®ãšãããã©ã³ã¯çã·ã£ã«ã«3äž(ã«ãŒã«3äž)ã¯ééãæ¯æã£ãŠè¬åãçµãã ããä¿¡æã倱ãã代ãã£ãŠããªäŒ¯ã®æš©åšãäžæããããšã«ãªã£ãããã®ããããã»ãŒãå³å²žåŽã«ãåžè¡å°ãæ¡å€§ããã |