Hunting

context: Hunting is the practice of killing or trapping any animal, or pursuing or tracking it with the intent of doing so. Hunting wildlife or feral animals is most commonly done by humans for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. In the 2010s, lawful hunting is distinguished from poaching, which is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species. The species that are hunted are referred to as game or prey and are usually mammals and birds.
qas: answers: Hunting
question: What is the practice of killing or trapping any animal?

answers: food
question: Why do humans most commonly hunt wildlife?

answers: poaching
question: What is there a distinction between lawful hunting and?

answers: illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species
question: What is poaching?

answers: prey
question: What is the species which is hunted referred to as?

answers: Hunting
question: What is the practice of killing or trapping any animal called?

answers: 2010s
question: When was lawful hunting distinguished from poaching?

answers: poaching
question: Illegally killing, capturing or trapping an hunted species is called what?

answers: game or prey
question: Hunted species are usually referred to as what?

answers: mammals and birds
question: What animals are usually hunted?

answers: Hunting
question: What is it called to kill or trap an animal?

answers: mammals and birds
question: What species are usually hunted?

answers: food, recreation, to remove predators
question: Why do humans hunt?

answers: 2010s
question: When was lawful hunting distinguished from poaching?

answers: game or prey
question: Species hunted are referred to as what? 

context: Furthermore, evidence exists that hunting may have been one of the multiple environmental factors leading to extinctions of the holocene megafauna and their replacement by smaller herbivores. North American megafauna extinction was coincidental with the Younger Dryas impact event, possibly making hunting a less critical factor in prehistoric species loss than had been previously thought. However, in other locations such as Australia, humans are thought to have played a very significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna that was widespread prior to human occupation.
qas: answers: holocene megafauna
question: What does evidence suggest hunting may have been a factor in the extinction of?

answers: Younger Dryas impact event
question: What was the North American megafauna extinction coincidental with?

answers: extinction of the Australian megafauna
question: What are humans thought to have played a significant role in, in Australia?

answers: prior to human occupation
question: When was Australian's megafauna widespread?

answers: hunting
question: What along with multiple environmental factors led to the extinction of the holocene megafauna?

answers: smaller herbivores
question: What replaced the holocene megafauna?

answers: Younger Dryas impact event
question: What event was coincidental with the North American megafauna extinction? 

answers: humans
question: What is thought to have played a significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna?

context: While it is undisputed that early humans were hunters, the importance of this for the emergence of the Homo genus from the earlier Australopithecines, including the production of stone tools and eventually the control of fire, are emphasised in the hunting hypothesis and de-emphasised in scenarios that stress omnivory and social interaction, including mating behaviour, as essential in the emergence of human behavioural modernity. With the establishment of language, culture, and religion, hunting became a theme of stories and myths, as well as rituals such as dance and animal sacrifice.
qas: answers: were hunters
question: What is undisputed about early humans?

answers: earlier Australopithecines
question: Hunting was important for the emergence of the Homo genus from what?

answers: hunting
question: Production of stone tools and control of fire were also pushed forward by what?

answers: hunting
question: What became a theme of stories and myths?

answers: dance and animal sacrifice
question: Hunting allowed what type of rituals?

answers: humans were hunters
question: What is undisputed about earlier humans?

answers: stories and myths
question: What did hunting become a theme of?

answers: hunting hypothesis
question: Stone tools and control of fire are emphasised in what hypothesis? 

context: Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained prevalent in some parts of the New World, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia, until the European Age of Discovery. They still persist in some tribal societies, albeit in rapid decline. Peoples that preserved paleolithic hunting-gathering until the recent past include some indigenous peoples of the Amazonas (Aché), some Central and Southern African (San people), some peoples of New Guinea (Fayu), the Mlabri of Thailand and Laos, the Vedda people of Sri Lanka, and a handful of uncontacted peoples. In Africa, the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers are the Hadza of Tanzania.[citation needed]
qas: answers: Hunter-gathering
question: What type of lifestyle was prevalent in Siberia until the European Age of Discovery?

answers: some tribal societies
question: Where does the hunter-gathering lifestyle persist, though in decline?

answers: paleolithic hunting-gathering
question: Indigenous peoples of the Amazonas preserved what until the recent past?

answers: the Hadza of Tanzania
question: Who are the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers in Africa?

answers: European Age of Discovery
question: Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained prevalent until when?

answers: Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia
question: What parts of the New World did the hunter-gathering lifestyles remain?

answers: Hadza of Tanzania
question: Who are the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers in Africa?

context: Archaeologist Louis Binford criticised the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters. On the basis of the analysis of the skeletal remains of the consumed animals, he concluded that hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among some archaeologists and paleoanthropologists. Robert Blumenschine proposed the idea of confrontational scavenging, which involves challenging and scaring off other predators after they have made a kill, which he suggests could have been the leading method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.
qas: answers: Archaeologist
question: What is Louis Binford's profession?

answers: that early hominids and early humans were hunters
question: What idea did Binford take issue with?

answers: scavengers
question: What did Binford conclude humans were instead of hunters?

answers: idea of confrontational scavenging
question: What idea did Blumenschine propose?

answers: challenging and scaring off
question: What does confrontational scavenging involve doing to other predators after they've made a kill?

answers: Louis Binford
question: Who is the archaeologist that does not believe early humans were hunters?

answers: hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers
question: Louis Binford concluded what based on skeletal remains of consumed animals?

answers: confrontational scavenging
question: What did Robert Blumenschine propose?

answers: archaeologists and paleoanthropologists
question: Louis Binford's idea is popular among whom?

answers: challenging and scaring off
question: Confrontational scavenging involves doing what to other predators?

context: Even as animal domestication became relatively widespread and after the development of agriculture, hunting was usually a significant contributor to the human food supply. The supplementary meat and materials from hunting included protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers, rawhide and leather used in clothing. Man's earliest hunting weapons would have included rocks, spears, the atlatl, and bows and arrows. Hunting is still vital in marginal climates, especially those unsuited for pastoral uses or agriculture.[citation needed] For example, Inuit people in the Arctic trap and hunt animals for clothing and use the skins of sea mammals to make kayaks, clothing, and footwear.
qas: answers: hunting
question: What was a significant contributor to the human food supply?

answers: protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers, rawhide and leather
question: What did the supplementary meat from hunting include?

answers: clothing
question: What was the leather from hunting used for?

answers: hunting weapons
question: Rocks and spears are examples of some of man's earliest what?

answers: marginal climates
question: Where is hunting still vital?

answers: human food supply
question: Hunt was a significant contributor to what?

answers: marginal climates
question: Where is hunting still vital?

answers: unsuited for pastoral uses or agriculture
question: Why is hunting still vital in marginal climates?

answers: make kayaks, clothing, and footwear
question: How are the skins of sea mammals useful for people in the Arctic trap?

context: On ancient reliefs, especially from Mesopotamia, kings are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot. The cultural and psychological importance of hunting in ancient societies is represented by deities such as the horned god Cernunnos and lunar goddesses of classical antiquity, the Greek Artemis or Roman Diana. Taboos are often related to hunting, and mythological association of prey species with a divinity could be reflected in hunting restrictions such as a reserve surrounding a temple. Euripides' tale of Artemis and Actaeon, for example, may be seen as a caution against disrespect of prey or impudent boasting.
qas: answers: hunters
question: What are kings often depicted as on ancient reliefs?

answers: big game
question: What are the kings portrayed as hunting?

answers: by deities
question: How was the cultural importance of hunting in ancient societies represented?

answers: hunting restrictions
question: What could the mythological association of prey species with divinity be a form of?

answers: disrespect of prey
question: What might the meaning of Euripides' tale be seen as a caution against?

answers: lions
question: Kings were depicted as hunting what big game from a chariot?

answers: Taboos
question: What is often related to hunting?

answers: cultural and psychological
question: Deities represent what importance?

answers: Euripides' tale of Artemis and Actaeon
question: What tale is seen as cautions against disrespecting prey or impudent boasting?

context: In most parts of medieval Europe, the upper class obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". In contrast, settlers in Anglophone colonies gloried democratically in hunting for all.
qas: answers: the upper class
question: Who in medieval Europe obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory?

answers: food and furs
question: What was game in the  areas used by the upper class used as a source of?

answers: Robin Hood
question: What legends show the importance of the proprietary view of game as held by the nobles?

answers: they "hunt the King's deer
question: What is one of the primary charges against the outlaws in the legend?

answers: the upper class
question: Who in medieval Europe obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory?

answers: democratically in hunting for all
question: What did Anglophone settles take gloried pride in?

answers: food and furs
question: What was game in the  areas used by the upper class used as a source of?

answers: Robin Hood
question: What legends show the importance of the proprietary view of game as held by the nobles?

answers: they "hunt the King's deer
question: What is one of the primary charges against the outlaws in the legend?

answers: democratically in hunting for all
question: What did Anglophone settles take gloried pride in?

answers: upper class
question: In medieval Europe who obtained sole rights to hunt in certain areas?

answers: food and furs
question: What was the game in feudal territory was used as?

answers: professional huntsmen
question: Who provided the game obtained in feudal territory?

answers: Robin Hood
question: The importance of can be seen in what legends?

answers: all
question: Who did Anglophone colonies democratically glorify hunting for?

context: Hindu scriptures describe hunting as an acceptable occupation, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of the god Shiva is Mrigavyadha, which translates as "the deer hunter" (mriga means deer; vyadha means hunter). The word Mriga, in many Indian languages including Malayalam, not only stands for deer, but for all animals and animal instincts (Mriga Thrishna). Shiva, as Mrigavyadha, is the one who destroys the animal instincts in human beings. In the epic Ramayana, Dasharatha, the father of Rama, is said to have the ability to hunt in the dark. During one of his hunting expeditions, he accidentally killed Shravana, mistaking him for game. During Rama's exile in the forest, Ravana kidnapped his wife, Sita, from their hut, while Rama was asked by Sita to capture a golden deer, and his brother Lakshman went after him. According to the Mahabharat, Pandu, the father of the Pandavas, accidentally killed the sage Kindama and his wife with an arrow, mistaking them for a deer. Krishna is said to have died after being accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter.
qas: answers: acceptable
question: What kind of occupation do Hindu scriptures describe hunting as being?

answers: Mrigavyadha
question: What is one of the names of the god Shiva?

answers: "the deer hunter"
question: What is the translation of Mrigavyadha?

answers: animal instincts
question: What does Shiva destroy in human beings?

answers: hunt in the dark
question: What talent does Dasharatha have?

answers: Hindu
question: What scriptures describe hunting as and acceptable occupation?

answers: hunting
question: Godly figures have engaged in what activity?

answers: deer hunter
question: Mrigavyadha means what?

answers: human beings
question: Mrigavyadha destroys animal instinct in who?

answers: died
question: What happened after Krishna was accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter?

context: From early Christian times, hunting has been forbidden to Roman Catholic Church clerics. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric. venat.) says, "We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons." The Fourth Council of the Lateran, held under Pope Innocent III, decreed (canon xv): "We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics." The decree of the Council of Trent is worded more mildly: "Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking" (Sess. XXIV, De reform., c. xii), which seems to imply that not all hunting is illicit, and canonists generally make a distinction declaring noisy (clamorosa) hunting unlawful, but not quiet (quieta) hunting.
qas: answers: Roman Catholic Church clerics
question: Who has hunting been forbidden to since early Christian times?

answers: Corpus Juris Canonici
question: Who forbid to all servants of God hunting?

answers: Pope Innocent III
question: What pope was the Fourth Council of the Lateran held under?

answers: not all hunting is illicit
question: What does the decree of the Council of Trent imply?

answers: clamorosa
question: What type of hunting is unlawful?

answers: Roman Catholic Church clerics
question: Who was forbidden to hunt in early Christian time?

answers: Corpus Juris Canonici
question: What forbid hunting in the woods with hounds and keeping hawks or falcons?

answers: Pope Innocent III
question: Who held the Fourth Council of the Lateran?

answers: mildly
question: How is the the decree of the Council of Trent is worded?

answers: Council of Trent
question: Who stated quiet hunting is allowed?

context: Nevertheless, although a distinction between lawful and unlawful hunting is undoubtedly permissible, it is certain that a bishop can absolutely prohibit all hunting to the clerics of his diocese, as was done by synods at Milan, Avignon, Liège, Cologne, and elsewhere. Benedict XIV (De synodo diœces., l. II, c. x) declared that such synodal decrees are not too severe, as an absolute prohibition of hunting is more conformable to the ecclesiastical law. In practice, therefore, the synodal statutes of various localities must be consulted to discover whether they allow quiet hunting or prohibit it altogether.
qas: answers: between lawful and unlawful hunting
question: What distinction is undoubtedly permissible?

answers: all hunting
question: What can a bishop absolutely prohibit?

answers: Milan, Avignon, Liège, Cologne, and elsewhere
question: Where did synods prohibit all hunting at?

answers: not too severe
question: What did Benedict XIV declare about decrees prohibiting hunting?

answers: bishop
question: Who can prohibit hunting to the clerics?

answers: Benedict XIV
question: Declaration that decrees are not severe was done by who?

answers: prohibit all hunting to the clerics
question: What did Synods at Milan, Avignon, Liege, Cologne, and elsewhere do?

context: New Zealand has a strong hunting culture. The islands making up New Zealand originally had no land mammals apart from bats. However, once Europeans arrived, game animals were introduced by acclimatisation societies to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource. Deer, pigs, goats, rabbits, hare, tahr and chamois all adapted well to the New Zealand terrain, and with no natural predators, their population exploded. Government agencies view the animals as pests due to their effects on the natural environment and on agricultural production, but hunters view them as a resource.
qas: answers: strong hunting culture
question: What does New Zealand have?

answers: bats
question: What was the only land mammal native to New Zealand?

answers: to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource
question: Why were game animals introduced by acclimatisation societies?

answers: no natural predators
question: Why did the population of pigs and rabbits explode in New Zealand?

answers: pests
question: What do government agencies view the animals as?

answers: New Zealand
question: What country has a strong hunting culture?

answers: bats
question: What were the the only land mammal in New Zealand?

answers: islands
question: What is New Zealand made up of?

answers: acclimatisation societies
question: Game animals were introduced here by whom?

answers: their population exploded
question: What resulted having no natural predators for the animals introduced?

context: During the feudal and colonial times in British India, hunting was regarded as a regal sport in the numerous princely states, as many maharajas and nawabs, as well as British officers, maintained a whole corps of shikaris (big-game hunters), who were native professional hunters. They would be headed by a master of the hunt, who might be styled mir-shikar. Often, they recruited the normally low-ranking local tribes because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques. Big game, such as Bengal tigers, might be hunted from the back of an elephant.
qas: answers: regal sport
question: What was hunting regarded as in British India?

answers: big-game hunters
question: What does the Indian word "shikaris" mean in English?

answers: shikaris
question: What did British officers maintain whole corps of?

answers: because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques
question: Why did the regals recruit low-ranking local tribes when hunting?

answers: an elephant
question: What could a Bengal tiger be hunted from the back of?

answers: British India
question: Where was hunting reguarded as a regal sport?

answers: Bengal tigers
question: What is hunted from the back of an elephant?

answers: shikaris
question: Who did British officers maintain?

answers: master of the hunt
question: Who were the shikaris headed by?

answers: because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques
question: Why were low-ranking local tribes recruited?

context: Regional social norms are generally antagonistic to hunting, while a few sects, such as the Bishnoi, lay special emphasis on the conservation of particular species, such as the antelope. India's Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 bans the killing of all wild animals. However, the Chief Wildlife Warden may, if satisfied that any wild animal from a specified list has become dangerous to human life, or is so disabled or diseased as to be beyond recovery, permit any person to hunt such an animal. In this case, the body of any wild animal killed or wounded becomes government property.
qas: answers: Regional social
question: What norms are generally antagonistic to hunting?

answers: Bishnoi
question: What sect lays special emphasis on conservation of particular species?

answers: Wildlife Protection Act of 1972
question: What bans the killing of all wild animals in India?

answers: the Chief Wildlife Warden
question: Who may permit a person to hunt animals in India despite it being banned?

answers: government
question: Whose property does the body of any wild animal killed or wounded become?

answers: Bishnoi
question: Who lay special emphasis on conservation of particular species?

answers: India's Wildlife Protection Act
question: What bans the killing of all wild animals?

answers: 1972
question: What year was this protection act put into place?

answers: Chief Wildlife Warden
question: Who can permit a person to hunt wild animals?

answers: becomes government property
question: What happens to the body of the wild animal killed?

context: Unarmed fox hunting on horseback with hounds is the type of hunting most closely associated with the United Kingdom; in fact, "hunting" without qualification implies fox hunting. What in other countries is called "hunting" is called "shooting" (birds) or "stalking" (deer) in Britain. Originally a form of vermin control to protect livestock, fox hunting became a popular social activity for newly wealthy upper classes in Victorian times and a traditional rural activity for riders and foot followers alike. Similar to fox hunting in many ways is the chasing of hares with hounds. Pairs of Sight hounds (or long-dogs), such as greyhounds, may be used to pursue a hare in coursing, where the greyhounds are marked as to their skill in coursing the hare (but are not intended to actually catch it), or the hare may be pursued with scent hounds such as beagles or harriers. Other sorts of foxhounds may also be used for hunting stags (deer) or mink. Deer stalking with rifles is carried out on foot without hounds, using stealth.
qas: answers: fox hunting
question: What type of hunting is most closely associated with the UK?

answers: on horseback with hounds
question: How do the English hunt foxes?

answers: birds
question: In England, what is hunted when "shooting" is called for?

answers: form of vermin control to protect livestock
question: Why were foxes originally hunted?

answers: on foot without hounds, using stealth
question: How is deer stalking with rifles carried out?

answers: fox
question: What hunting is done on horseback with hounds?

answers: United Kingdom
question: Hunting horseback with hound is associated with whom?

answers: fox hunting
question: In Victorian times a popular social activity was?

answers: Deer stalking
question: What is carried out on foot without hounds?

answers: to pursue
question: Hounds were used for what purpose?

context: Shooting as practised in Britain, as opposed to traditional hunting, requires little questing for game—around thirty-five million birds are released onto shooting estates every year, some having been factory farmed. Shoots can be elaborate affairs with guns placed in assigned positions and assistants to help load shotguns. When in position, "beaters" move through the areas of cover, swinging sticks or flags to drive the game out. Such events are often called "drives". The open season for grouse in the UK begins on 12 August, the so-called Glorious Twelfth. The definition of game in the United Kingdom is governed by the Game Act 1831.
qas: answers: game
question: What does shooting in Britain require little questing for?

answers: thirty-five million
question: About how many birds are released onto shooting estates every year in the UK?

answers: elaborate
question: What kind of affairs can shoots be?

answers: "beaters"
question: Who uses swinging sticks or flags to drive game out?

answers: open season for grouse
question: What is the Glorious Twelfth in the UK?

answers: thirty-five million
question: About how many birds are released onto shooting estates every year?

answers: beaters
question: Who swings sticks or flags to drive game out?

answers: 12 August
question: When does open season for grouse begin in the UK?

answers: Game Act 1831
question: What is the UK definition of game is governed by?

answers: help load shotguns
question: Why are assistants used?

context: Hunting is primarily regulated by state law; additional regulations are imposed through United States environmental law in the case of migratory birds and endangered species. Regulations vary widely from state to state and govern the areas, time periods, techniques and methods by which specific game animals may be hunted. Some states make a distinction between protected species and unprotected species (often vermin or varmints for which there are no hunting regulations). Hunters of protected species require a hunting license in all states, for which completion of a hunting safety course is sometimes a prerequisite.
qas: answers: state
question: What law primarily regulates hunting?

answers: environmental
question: What additional type of law applies in the case of migratory birds and endangered species?

answers: Regulations
question: What varies widely from state to state?

answers: protected species and unprotected species
question: What do some states make a distinction between?

answers: a hunting license
question: What do hunters of protected species require in all states?

answers: by state law
question: How is hunting regulated?

answers: United States environmental law
question: Migratory birds and endangered species are protected by what law?

answers: Hunters of protected species
question: What hunters require a hunting license in all states?

answers: hunting safety course
question: What is sometimes a prerequisite of obtaining a hunting license?

context: Hunting big game typically requires a "tag" for each animal harvested. Tags must be purchased in addition to the hunting license, and the number of tags issued to an individual is typically limited. In cases where there are more prospective hunters than the quota for that species, tags are usually assigned by lottery. Tags may be further restricted to a specific area, or wildlife management unit. Hunting migratory waterfowl requires a duck stamp from the Fish and Wildlife Service in addition to the appropriate state hunting license.
qas: answers: a "tag" for each animal harvested
question: What is required when hunting big game?

answers: the hunting license
question: Tags are purchased in addition to what?

answers: number of tags issued
question: What is typically limited to an individual?

answers: Tags
question: A wildlife management unit is a place where what may be restricted to?

answers: duck
question: What kind of stamp is required to hunt migratory waterfowl?

answers: tag
question: When hunting big game what is typically required?

answers: Tags
question: What must be purchased with hunting license is comes in a limited number?

answers: by lottery
question: How are tags assigned if there are more hunters than game?

answers: duck stamp
question: What is required of hunting migratory waterfowl?

answers: Fish and Wildlife Service
question: Who issues requirement for hunting migratory waterfowl?

context: Gun usage in hunting is typically regulated by game category, area within the state, and time period. Regulations for big-game hunting often specify a minimum caliber or muzzle energy for firearms. The use of rifles is often banned for safety reasons in areas with high population densities or limited topographic relief. Regulations may also limit or ban the use of lead in ammunition because of environmental concerns. Specific seasons for bow hunting or muzzle-loading black-powder guns are often established to limit competition with hunters using more effective weapons.
qas: answers: game category, area within the state, and time period
question: How is gun usage typically regulated?

answers: Regulations for big-game hunting
question: What often specify a minimum caliber or muzzle energy for firearms?

answers: safety reasons
question: Why is the use of rifles often banned?

answers: environmental concerns
question: Why may regulations ban the use of lead in ammunition?

answers: limit competition with hunters using more effective weapons
question: Why are specific seasons for bow hunting established?

answers: safety reasons
question: Why are the use of rifles banned?

answers: by game category
question: How is gun useage regulated?

answers: minimum caliber
question: What is specified in big-game hunting?

context: Hunting in the United States is not associated with any particular class or culture; a 2006 poll showed seventy-eight percent of Americans supported legal hunting, although relatively few Americans actually hunt. At the beginning of the 21st century, just six percent of Americans hunted. Southerners in states along the eastern seaboard hunted at a rate of five percent, slightly below the national average, and while hunting was more common in other parts of the South at nine percent, these rates did not surpass those of the Plains states, where twelve percent of Midwesterners hunted. Hunting in other areas of the country fell below the national average. Overall, in the 1996–2006 period, the number of hunters over the age of sixteen declined by ten percent, a drop attributable to a number of factors including habitat loss and changes in recreation habits.
qas: answers: any particular class or culture
question: What is hunting in the U.S. not associated with?

answers: seventy-eight percent
question: What percentage of Americans supported legal hunting in 2006?

answers: just six percent
question: What percentage of Americans actually hunted at the beginning of the 21st century?

answers: twelve percent
question: What percentage of Midwesterners hunted?

answers: ten percent
question: How much did the number of hunters over the age of sixteen decline in the period between 1996-2006?

answers: seventy-eight percent
question: What percentage of Americans support legal hunting?

answers: six percent
question: What percentage of Americans actually hunted at the beginning of the 21st century?

answers: five percent
question: South Easterners hunted at what rate?

answers: twelve percent
question: Midwesterners hunted at what rate?

answers: 1996–2006
question: What years did hunting decline?

context: Regulation of hunting within the United States dates from the 19th century. Some modern hunters see themselves as conservationists and sportsmen in the mode of Theodore Roosevelt and the Boone and Crockett Club. Local hunting clubs and national organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport by buying land for future hunting use. Some groups represent a specific hunting interest, such as Ducks Unlimited, Pheasants Forever, or the Delta Waterfowl Foundation. Many hunting groups also participate in lobbying the federal government and state government.
qas: answers: 19th century
question: When do hunting regulations date from in the US?

answers: conservationists and sportsmen
question: What do some modern hunters see themselves as?

answers: Local hunting clubs and national organizations
question: What organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport?

answers: a specific hunting interest
question: Ducks Unlimited and the Delta Waterfowl are examples of groups representing what?

answers: lobbying
question: What do many hunting groups participate in doing at the federal and state level?

answers: conservationists and sportsmen
question: What do modern hunters see themselves as?

answers: Local hunting clubs
question: Who provides hunter education?

answers: lobbying the federal government and state government
question: What do hunting groups also participate in?

answers: 19th
question: What century is U.S. regulations dates from?

context: Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunter education and safety classes. Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over sixteen years old, has raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States also collect money from hunting licenses to assist with management of game animals, as designated by law. A key task of federal and state park rangers and game wardens is to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting, including species protection, hunting seasons, and hunting bans.
qas: answers: $200 million
question: How much money is distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs each year?

answers: over $700 million
question: How much money has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps raised since 1934?

answers: 5,200,000 acres
question: How many acres can the money raised from the sale of federal duck stamps help purchase?

answers: management of game animals
question: What do states use some of the money from hunting licenses to assist with?

answers: to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting
question: What is a key task of state park rangers and game wardens?

answers: state agencies
question: Who are federal excise taxes are distributed to?

answers: wildlife management programs
question: What do the taxes support?

answers: $700 million
question: How much has Federal Duck Stamps raised?

answers: 5,200,000 acres
question: What does land has Federal Duck Stamp money helped purchase?

answers: hunting
question: Park rangers and game wardens enforce laws and regulations related to what?

context: Varmint hunting is an American phrase for the selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests. While not always an efficient form of pest control, varmint hunting achieves selective control of pests while providing recreation and is much less regulated. Varmint species are often responsible for detrimental effects on crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets. Some animals, such as wild rabbits or squirrels, may be utilised for fur or meat, but often no use is made of the carcass. Which species are varmints depends on the circumstance and area. Common varmints may include various rodents, coyotes, crows, foxes, feral cats, and feral hogs. Some animals once considered varmints are now protected, such as wolves. In the US state of Louisiana, a non-native rodent known as a nutria has become so destructive to the local ecosystem that the state has initiated a bounty program to help control the population.
qas: answers: selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests
question: What is varmint hunting an American phrase for?

answers: selective control of pests
question: What does varmint hunting achieve? 

answers: crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets.
question: What detrimental effects are varmint species often responsible for visiting on?

answers: Louisiana
question: Where has a non-native rodent known as a nutria become very destructive?

answers: initiated a bounty program
question: What has the state of Louisiana done to combat the nutria?

answers: Varmint hunting
question: What is phrased for selective killing of non-game animals.

answers: wolves
question: What was once considered a varmint but is now protected?

answers: nutria
question: What is the non-native varmint of Louisiana?

answers: bounty program
question: What did Louisiana initiate to control the varmint population?

context: When Internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns, the practice was widely criticised by hunters as violating the principles of fair chase. As a representative of the National Rifle Association (NRA) explained, "The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition. Sitting at your desk in front of your computer, clicking at a mouse, has nothing to do with hunting."
qas: answers: 2005
question: When was internet hunting introduced?

answers: using remotely controlled guns
question: How did Internet hunting allow people to hunt?

answers: hunters
question: Who criticized the practice of Internet hunting?

answers: principles of fair chase
question: What did hunters feel hunting over the Internet violated?

answers: an important element of hunting tradition
question: What has the NRA always maintained that being in the field with your firearm is?

answers: Internet hunting
question: What allows people to hunt over the internet?

answers: 2005
question: When was this type of hunting introduced?

answers: hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns
question: How is this type of hunting done?

answers: fair chase
question: What was the principle was this type of hunting said to violate?

answers: National Rifle Association (NRA)
question: Who spoke on this violation?

context: There is a very active tradition of hunting of small to medium-sized wild game in Trinidad and Tobago. Hunting is carried out with firearms, and aided by the use of hounds, with the illegal use of trap guns, trap cages and snare nets. With approximately 12,000 sport hunters applying for hunting licences in recent years (in a very small country of about the size of the state of Delaware at about 5128 square kilometers and 1.3 million inhabitants), there is some concern that the practice might not be sustainable. In addition there are at present no bag limits and the open season is comparatively very long (5 months - October to February inclusive). As such hunting pressure from legal hunters is very high. Added to that, there is a thriving and very lucrative black market for poached wild game (sold and enthusiastically purchased as expensive luxury delicacies) and the numbers of commercial poachers in operation is unknown but presumed to be fairly high. As a result, the populations of the five major mammalian game species (red-rumped agouti, lowland paca, nine-banded armadillo, collared peccary, and red brocket deer) are thought to be quite low (although scientifically conducted population studies are only just recently being conducted as of 2013). It appears that the red brocket deer population has been extirpated on Tobago as a result of over-hunting. Various herons, ducks, doves, the green iguana, the gold tegu, the spectacled caiman and the common opossum are also commonly hunted and poached. There is also some poaching of 'fully protected species', including red howler monkeys and capuchin monkeys, southern tamanduas, Brazilian porcupines, yellow-footed tortoises, Trinidad piping guans and even one of the national birds, the scarlet ibis. Legal hunters pay very small fees to obtain hunting licences and undergo no official basic conservation biology or hunting-ethics training. There is presumed to be relatively very little subsistence hunting in the country (with most hunting for either sport or commercial profit). The local wildlife management authority is under-staffed and under-funded, and as such very little in the way of enforcement is done to uphold existing wildlife management laws, with hunting occurring both in and out of season, and even in wildlife sanctuaries. There is some indication that the government is beginning to take the issue of wildlife management more seriously, with well drafted legislation being brought before Parliament in 2015. It remains to be seen if the drafted legislation will be fully adopted and financially supported by the current and future governments, and if the general populace will move towards a greater awareness of the importance of wildlife conservation and change the culture of wanton consumption to one of sustainable management.
qas: answers: 12,000
question: Approximately how many sport hunters applied for hunting licences in recent years?

answers: Trinidad and Tobago
question: Where is there a very active tradition of hunting of small to medium-sized wild game?

answers: poached wild game
question: What is there a very lucrative and thriving black market for?

answers: high
question: What is hunting pressure from?

answers: hunting of small to medium-sized wild game
question: What very active tradition Trinidad and Tabago have?

answers: hounds
question: What animal aids in the hunting?

answers: red brocket deer
question: What population has extirpated?

answers: very small fees
question: What do hunters pay to obtain hunting license?

context: Hunting is claimed to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species, or, in some instances, damage human health or safety.[citation needed] However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determined by a combination habitat and food availability, and hunting for 'population control' has no effect on the annual population of species.[citation needed] In some cases, it can increase the population of predators such as coyotes by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established, resulting in excess neighbouring migrations into an area, thus artificially increasing the population. Hunting advocates[who?] assert that hunting reduces intraspecific competition for food and shelter, reducing mortality among the remaining animals. Some environmentalists assert[who?] that (re)introducing predators would achieve the same end with greater efficiency and less negative effect, such as introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain.
qas: answers: managing populations
question: What does hunting give resource managers an important tool?

answers: combination habitat and food availability,
question: What is carrying capacity in most circumstances determined by?

answers: same end
question: What do some environmentalists assert reintroducing predators would achieve?

answers: managing populations
question: How is hunting an important tool for resource managers?

answers: threaten the well-being of other species
question: What happens if a population exceeds the carrying capacity of their habitat?

answers: by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established
question: How can hunting actually increase the population of predators?

answers: mortality
question: What do some hunting advocates assert that is indirectly reduced among animals when intraspecific competition has been reduced?

answers: (re)introducing predators
question: What would environmentalists have done, instead of hunting?

answers: Hunting
question: What is an important tool in managing populations?

answers: combination habitat and food availability
question: What is carrying capacity determined by?

answers: predators
question: What can it increase the population of?

context: In the 19th century, southern and central European sport hunters often pursued game only for a trophy, usually the head or pelt of an animal, which was then displayed as a sign of prowess. The rest of the animal was typically discarded. Some cultures, however, disapprove of such waste. In Nordic countries, hunting for trophies was—and still is—frowned upon. Hunting in North America in the 19th century was done primarily as a way to supplement food supplies, although it is now undertaken mainly for sport.[citation needed] The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. In modern times, trophy hunting persists and is a significant industry in some areas.[citation needed]
qas: answers: trophy
question: What did sport hunters in the 19th century purse game for?

answers: sign of prowess
question: What was the head of an animal displayed as?

answers: s typically discarded
question: What happened to the rest of the animal?

answers: such waste
question: What did some churches disapprove of?

answers: Nordic
question: What countries frowned upon this hunting?

answers: a trophy
question: What was the only goal for many European sport hunters in the 19th century?

answers: the head or pelt of an animal
question: What types of trophies would hunters keep as trophies to be displayed as a sign of their prowess?

answers: Nordic
question: In what countries was the hunting for trophies frowned upon, back in the day and in modern times?

answers: food supplies
question: What was hunting in North American in the 19th century used to supplement? 

answers: Africa, India and other places
question: What destinations did sport hunting see elaborate travel to in the pursuit of trophies?

answers: 19th
question: What century was game hunted as a trophy?

answers: Nordic
question: What countries is trophy hunting frowned upon?

answers: food supplies
question: What did North America primarily hunt for?

answers: safari method
question: What sport of hunting is in Africa?

context: A scientific study in the journal, Biological Conservation, states that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism." However, another study states that less than 3% of a trophy hunters' expenditures reach the local level, meaning that the economic incentive and benefit is "minimal, particularly when we consider the vast areas of land that hunting concessions occupy."
qas: answers: Africa
question: What Continent did the biological Conservation state trophy hunting is of major importance to the conservation of?

answers: conservation
question: What does hunting create economic incentives for?

answers: expenditures
question: What did another study show that less than 3% of reached the local level?

answers: scientific
question: What type of studies does the Biological Conservation journal publish?

answers: creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas
question: Why is trophy hunting important to conservation in Africa?

answers: photographic
question: Trophy hunting can include areas which would likely be unsuitable for what other types of ecotourism?

answers: less than 3%
question: How much of a trophy hunters' expenditures actually reach the local level, according to another study?

answers: minimal
question: What thus is the level of economic incentive and benefit?

answers: trophy hunting
question: What is of major importance in Africa?

answers: economic incentives for conservation
question: What does trophy hunting create in Africa?

answers: less than 3%
question: How much of trophy hunters expenditures actually reach the local level?

context: A variety of industries benefit from hunting and support hunting on economic grounds. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented camps. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, uninviting to the typical ecotourist. Advocates argue that these hunters allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities.[citation needed]
qas: answers: hunting
question: What do a variety of industries benefit from?

answers: Tanzania
question: Where is it estimated that a hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist?

answers: tented camps
question: Where does the average safari hunter stay in?

answers: anti-poaching
question: Advocates argue these hunters allow for what type of activities? 

answers: hunting
question: What do a variety of industries obtain benefit from?

answers: Tanzania
question: In what country is it estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times what an average ecotourist does?

answers: luxury
question: What type of accommodations does the average photographer touring Tanzania seek?

answers: in tented camps
question: Where does the typical safari hunter hang his hat at night?

answers: remote areas
question: Where can safari hunters go which are uninviting to the less hardcore ecotourist?

answers: fifty to one hundred times
question: How much does a safari hunter spend compared to an average ecotourist?

answers: luxury accommodation
question: What does the photo tourist seek?

answers: tented camps
question: Where does a safari hunter usually stay?

answers: Safari hunters
question: What hunters allow for anti-poaching activities?

context: Hunting also has a significant financial impact in the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or speciality tourism. Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters, even including iPhone applications. Today's hunters come from a broad range of economic, social, and cultural backgrounds. In 2001, over thirteen million hunters averaged eighteen days hunting, and spent over $20.5 billion on their sport.[citation needed] In the US, proceeds from hunting licenses contribute to state game management programs, including preservation of wildlife habitat.
qas: answers: the United States
question: Hunting has significant financial impact in what country?

answers: equipment or speciality tourism
question: What do many companies specialize in apropos to hunting?

answers: assist hunters
question: "There's an app for that!",  what have been different technologies been created to do?

answers: economic, social, and cultural
question: What broad range of backgrounds do today's hunters come from?

answers: over $20.5 billion
question: How much money did the thirteen million hunters spend on their sport in 2001?

answers: significant financial impact
question: What type of financial impact does hunting have on the U.S.?

answers: different technologies
question: What has been developed in the U.S. to help hunters?

answers: iPhone applications
question: One technology that is available for hunters in the U.S. is?

answers: over $20.5 billion
question: How much did hunters spend in 2001?

answers: preservation of wildlife habitat
question: What do the proceeds from hunting assist with?

context: However, excessive hunting and poachers have also contributed heavily to the endangerment, extirpation and extinction of many animals, such as the quagga, the great auk, Steller's sea cow, the thylacine, the bluebuck, the Arabian oryx, the Caspian and Javan tigers, the markhor, the Sumatran rhinoceros, the bison, the North American cougar, the Altai argali sheep, the Asian elephant and many more, primarily for commercial sale or sport. All these animals have been hunted to endangerment or extinction.
qas: answers: the endangerment, extirpation and extinction of many animals
question: What has excessive hunting contributed heavily to?

answers: extinction
question: What do Steller's sea cow, the bluebuck, and the Javan tigers all have in common?

answers: primarily for commercial sale or sport.
question: Why have poachers killed endangered animals?

answers: to endangerment or extinction
question: How have the North American cougar and Asian elephant been hunted?

answers: contributed heavily
question: How is excessive hunting related to the extinction of species?

answers: excessive hunting
question: What contributes to endangerment?

answers: endangerment
question: What have poachers contributed to hunting?

context: On 16 March 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen. The stamps are created on behalf of the program by the US Postal Service and depict wildlife artwork chosen through an annual contest. They play an important role in habitat conservation because ninety-eight percent of all funds generated by their sale go directly toward the purchase or lease of wetland habitat for protection in the National Wildlife Refuge System.[citation needed] In addition to waterfowl, it is estimated that one third of the nation's endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp funds.[citation needed]
qas: answers: President Franklin D. Roosevelt
question: Who signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act?

answers: 16 March 1934
question: When did Roosevelt sign the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act?

answers: an annual stamp purchase
question: What does the Act require all hunters over the age of sixteen to do?

answers: the purchase or lease of wetland habitat
question: What do 98% of all the funds generated by the stamp sales go to?

answers: one third
question: How much of the nation's endangered species is it estimated benefits from the protection afford by the Duck Stamp funds?

answers: Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act
question: What act was signed in 1934?

answers: Franklin D. Roosevelt
question: What President signed this act?

answers: annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen
question: What is the requirement of the act?

answers: wildlife artwork
question: What do the stamps depict?

answers: one third
question: What percentage of the endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp Funds.

context: Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps has generated $670 million, and helped to purchase or lease 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat. The stamps serve as a license to hunt migratory birds, an entrance pass for all National Wildlife Refuge areas, and are also considered collectors items often purchased for aesthetic reasons outside of the hunting and birding communities. Although non-hunters buy a significant number of Duck Stamps, eighty-seven percent of their sales are contributed by hunters, which is logical, as hunters are required to purchase them. Distribution of funds is managed by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC).
qas: answers: $670 million
question: How much money has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps generated since 1934?

answers: 5,200,000 acres
question: How many acres has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps helped to purchase or lease since 1934?

answers: hunt migratory birds
question: What do the stamps give the purchaser a license to do?

answers: hunters
question: Who accounts for eighty-seven percent of the sale of duck stamps?

answers: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission
question: Who manages the distribution of the funds obtained by the sale of the stamps?

answers: $670 million
question: How much money has been generated due to the Duck Stamp act?

answers: 5,200,000 acres
question: How much land has the Duck Stamp Act help purchase?

answers: license to hunt migratory birds
question: What do the Duck Stamps serve as?

answers: eighty-seven
question: What percent of sales are contributed by hunters?

answers: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC)
question: Who manages distribution of funds?

context: The Arabian oryx, a species of large antelope, once inhabited much of the desert areas of the Middle East. However, the species' striking appearance made it (along with the closely related scimitar-horned oryx and addax) a popular quarry for sport hunters, especially foreign executives of oil companies working in the region.[citation needed] The use of automobiles and high-powered rifles destroyed their only advantage: speed, and they became extinct in the wild exclusively due to sport hunting in 1972. The scimitar-horned oryx followed suit, while the addax became critically endangered. However, the Arabian oryx has now made a comeback and been upgraded from “extinct in the wild” to “vulnerable” due to conservation efforts like captive breeding
qas: answers: The Arabian oryx
question: What large species of antelope once made its home in the desert areas of the Middle East?

answers: the species' striking appearance
question: Why did sport hunters find the Arabian oryx to be a worthwhile quarry to hunt?

answers: 1972
question: When did the Arabian oryx become extinct in the wild due to sport hunting?

answers: use of automobiles and high-powered rifles
question: How did hunters obliterate the advantage bestowed upon the oryx by evolution?

answers: Arabian oryx
question: What animal has made a miraculous comeback and been upgraded from "extinct in the wild" to "vulnerable"?

answers: Arabian oryx
question: What is a species of large antelope?

answers: much of the desert areas of the Middle East
question: What did the large antelope species once inhabit?

answers: automobiles and high-powered rifles
question: What destroyed the Arabian oryx only advantage of speed.

answers: 1972
question: When did the Arabian oryx become extinct?

answers: conservation efforts
question: What contributed to the Arabian oryx rise from extinct to vulnerable?

context: The American bison is a large bovid which inhabited much of western North America prior to the 1800s, living on the prairies in large herds. However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot. Thousands of these hunters quickly eliminated the bison herds, bringing the population from several million in the early 1800s to a few hundred by the 1880s. Conservation efforts have allowed the population to increase, but the bison remains near-threatened.
qas: answers: a large bovid
question: What type of creature is the American bison?

answers: western North America
question: What did the American bison inhabit much of prior to the 1800s?

answers: rot
question: What did market hunters leave the parts of the bison they didn't need to do?

answers: several million
question: What was the population of bison herds around prior to being eliminated by thousands of market hunters?

answers: near-threatened
question: What is the current status of bison?

answers: market hunters
question: What did large herds of bison attract?

answers: western
question: What part of North America did the bison live?

answers: for their hides
question: Why were the bison killed?

answers: leaving the rest to rot
question: What did hunter do with the rest of the bison?

answers: near-threatened
question: What do bison still remain?

context: In contrast, Botswana has recently been forced to ban trophy hunting following a precipitous wildlife decline. The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose. According to the government of Botswana, trophy hunting is at least partly to blame for this, but many other factors, such as poaching, drought and habitat loss are also to blame. Uganda recently did the same, arguing that "the share of benefits of sport hunting were lopsided and unlikely to deter poaching or improve [Uganda's] capacity to manage the wildlife reserves."
qas: answers: a precipitous wildlife decline
question: Why has Botswana been forced to ban trophy hunting altogether?

answers: antelope
question: What plummeting numbers of this species caused a decline in predator numbers?

answers: hippopotamus
question: What species saw its numbers rising while elephant numbers remained stable?

answers: poaching, drought and habitat loss
question: What factors other than trophy hunting are responsible for the decline of wildlife in Botswana?

answers: Uganda
question: What other African country has also recently banned trophy hunting?

answers: ban trophy hunting
question: What Botswana was resently forced to do?

answers: antelope
question: What animal declined across Botswana?

answers: hippopotamus
question: What animal numbers have increased in Botswana?

answers: elephant
question: What animal numbers remain stable in Botswana?

answers: poaching
question: What else is partly to blame for the declining number of animals in Botswana and Uganda?