IBM

context: The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) through the consolidation of The Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, the Computing Scale Company and the Bundy Manufacturing Company. CTR was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924, a name which Thomas J. Watson first used for a CTR Canadian subsidiary. The initialism IBM followed. Securities analysts nicknamed the company Big Blue for its size and common use of the color in products, packaging and its logo.
qas: answers: Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company
question: What was the original name of IBM?

answers: International Business Machines
question: What does IBM stand for?

answers: 1911
question: In what year was CTR created?

answers: Big Blue
question: What was the unofficial name given to IBM by analysts?

answers: Thomas J. Watson
question: Who created the IBM name?

answers: 1911
question: In what year did the company that was to become IBM form?

answers: Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR)
question: What was the name of the company that eventually became IBM?

answers: 1924
question: In what year did IBM get its name?

answers: Big Blue
question: What nickname was given to IBM?

answers: Computing Scale Company
question: What is one parent company of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company?

context: In 2012, Fortune ranked IBM the second largest U.S. firm in terms of number of employees (435,000 worldwide), the fourth largest in terms of market capitalization, the ninth most profitable, and the nineteenth largest firm in terms of revenue. Globally, the company was ranked the 31st largest in terms of revenue by Forbes for 2011. Other rankings for 2011/2012 include №1 company for leaders (Fortune), №1 green company in the United States (Newsweek), №2 best global brand (Interbrand), №2 most respected company (Barron's), №5 most admired company (Fortune), and №18 most innovative company (Fast Company).
qas: answers: 435,000 worldwide
question: How many employees did IBM have in 2012?

answers: fourth largest
question: What was the ranking in terms of market cap for IBM in 2012?

answers: 31st largest
question: In 2011 Forbes, by revenue, ranked IBM at what rank globally?

answers: №2
question: At what rank was IBM rated as a global brand by Interbrand?

answers: second largest
question: In 2012 Fortune ranked the largest US firms by number employees, what was IBMs rank?

context: IBM has 12 research laboratories worldwide, bundled into IBM Research. As of 2013[update] the company held the record for most patents generated by a business for 22 consecutive years. Its employees have garnered five Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, ten National Medals of Technology and five National Medals of Science. Notable company inventions or developments include the automated teller machine (ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the Universal Product Code (UPC), the financial swap, the Fortran programming language, SABRE airline reservation system, dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), copper wiring in semiconductors, the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) semiconductor manufacturing process, and Watson artificial intelligence.
qas: answers: IBM Research
question: Under what name do research laboratories operated by IBM work under?

answers: 12 research laboratories worldwide
question: How many research labs does IBM have world wide?

answers: 22 consecutive years
question: In 2013 how many years had IBM generated the most patents by a business?

answers: five Nobel Prizes
question: How many Nobel Prizes have been won by IBM employees?

answers: Universal Product Code
question: This IBM invention is known by the acronym UPC, what is the full name?

context: IBM has constantly evolved since its inception. Over the past decade, it has steadily shifted its business mix by exiting commoditizing markets such as PCs, hard disk drives and DRAMs and focusing on higher-value, more profitable markets such as business intelligence, data analytics, business continuity, security, cloud computing, virtualization and green solutions, resulting in a higher quality revenue stream and higher profit margins. IBM's operating margin expanded from 16.8% in 2004 to 24.3% in 2013, and net profit margins expanded from 9.0% in 2004 to 16.5% in 2013.
qas: answers: 16.8%
question: What was IBM's operating margin in 2004?

answers: 9.0%
question: What were the net profit margins of IBM in 2004?

answers: 2013
question: IBM's net profit margins were 16.5% in what year?

answers: 24.3%
question: IBM's operating margin in 2013 was what?

answers: exiting commoditizing markets
question: IBM focusing on markets like business continuity, business intelligence, security, and cloud computing is an example of IBM doing what?

context: IBM acquired Kenexa (2012) and SPSS (2009) and PwC's consulting business (2002), spinning off companies like printer manufacturer Lexmark (1991), and selling off product lines like its personal computer and x86 server businesses to Lenovo (2005, 2014). In 2014, IBM announced that it would go "fabless" by offloading IBM Micro Electronics semiconductor manufacturing to GlobalFoundries, a leader in advanced technology manufacturing, citing that semiconductor manufacturing is a capital-intensive business which is challenging to operate without scale. This transition had progressed as of early 2015[update].
qas: answers: 2012
question: In what year did IBM acquire Kenexa?

answers: SPSS
question: IBM made an acquisition in 2009, name it.

answers: Lexmark
question: IBM span off its printer manufacturer in 1991, what was its name?

answers: personal computer and x86 server
question: IBM sold two product lines to Lenovo, name them.

answers: GlobalFoundries
question: What was the name of the company that IBM Micro Electronics was offloaded to?

context: On June 16, 1911, their four companies were consolidated in New York State by Charles Ranlett Flint to form the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR). CTR's business office was in Endicott. The individual companies owned by CTR continued to operate using their established names until the businesses were integrated in 1933 and the holding company eliminated. The four companies had 1,300 employees and offices and plants in Endicott and Binghamton, New York; Dayton, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan; Washington, D.C.; and Toronto. They manufactured machinery for sale and lease, ranging from commercial scales and industrial time recorders, meat and cheese slicers, to tabulators and punched cards.
qas: answers: June 16, 1911
question: On what date did the companies that became the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company get consolidated?

answers: Charles Ranlett Flint
question: Name the individual that consolidated the companies that were to become the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company.

answers: 1933
question: In what year did the companies owned by Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company finally integrate?

answers: Endicott
question: Where was the CTR Business office?

answers: 1,300 employees
question: In 1933 the four companies owned by CTR had how many employees?

context: Thomas J. Watson, Sr., fired from the National Cash Register Company by John Henry Patterson, called on Flint and, in 1914, was offered CTR. Watson joined CTR as General Manager then, 11 months later, was made President when court cases relating to his time at NCR were resolved. Having learned Patterson's pioneering business practices, Watson proceeded to put the stamp of NCR onto CTR's companies. He implemented sales conventions, "generous sales incentives, a focus on customer service, an insistence on well-groomed, dark-suited salesmen and had an evangelical fervor for instilling company pride and loyalty in every worker". His favorite slogan, "THINK", became a mantra for each company's employees. During Watson's first four years, revenues more than doubled to $9 million and the company's operations expanded to Europe, South America, Asia and Australia. "Watson had never liked the clumsy hyphenated title of the CTR" and chose to replace it with the more expansive title "International Business Machines". First as a name for a 1917 Canadian subsidiary, then as a line in advertisements. For example, the McClures magazine, v53, May 1921, has a full page ad with, at the bottom:
qas: answers: 1914
question: In what year did Thomas J. Watson, Sr. join CTR?

answers: National Cash Register Company
question: Thomas J. Watson Sr. was fired from what company?

answers: THINK
question: What was the favorite slogan of Thomas J. Watson Sr.?

answers: more than doubled to $9 million
question: The revenues did what under the first 4 years of Watson being president?

answers: 1917
question: The name International Business Machines was first used in what year?

context: In 1937, IBM's tabulating equipment enabled organizations to process unprecedented amounts of data, its clients including the U.S. Government, during its first effort to maintain the employment records for 26 million people pursuant to the Social Security Act, and the Third Reich, largely through the German subsidiary Dehomag. During the Second World War the company produced small arms for the American war effort (M1 Carbine, and Browning Automatic Rifle). IBM provided translation services for the Nuremberg Trials. In 1947, IBM opened its first office in Bahrain, as well as an office in Saudi Arabia to service the needs of the Arabian-American Oil Company that would grow to become Saudi Business Machines (SBM).
qas: answers: Dehomag
question: What what was the name of the subsidiary working in Germany during World War 2?

answers: 26 million
question: Records for how many people were maintained by IBM in 1937?

answers: translation services
question: What service did IBM provide for the Nuremberg Trials?

answers: 1947
question: What year did IBM open its first office in Bahrain?

answers: Saudi Business Machines
question: What was the eventual name of the company that IBM operated in Saudi Arabia?

context: In 1952, Thomas Watson, Sr., stepped down after almost 40 years at the company helm; his son, Thomas Watson, Jr., was named president. In 1956, the company demonstrated the first practical example of artificial intelligence when Arthur L. Samuel of IBM's Poughkeepsie, New York, laboratory programmed an IBM 704 not merely to play checkers but "learn" from its own experience. In 1957, the FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation) scientific programming language was developed. In 1961, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., was elected chairman of the board and Albert L. Williams became company president. The same year IBM developed the SABRE (Semi-Automatic Business-Related Environment) reservation system for American Airlines and introduced the highly successful Selectric typewriter.
qas: answers: 1952
question: Thomas Watson Sr. stepped down in what year?

answers: artificial intelligence
question: In 1956 the company demonstrated the first example of what?

answers: an IBM 704
question: What computer did Arthur L. Samuel program to play checkers in 1957?

answers: FORmula TRANslation
question: In 1957 the FORTRAN language was created, what is FORTRAN short for?

answers: Albert L. Williams
question: In 1961 who became the president of IBM?

context: In 2002, IBM acquired PwC consulting. In 2003 it initiated a project to redefine company values. Using its Jam technology, it hosted a three-day Internet-based online discussion of key business issues with 50,000 employees. Results were data mined with sophisticated text analysis software (eClassifier) for common themes. Three emerged, expressed as: "Dedication to every client's success", "Innovation that matters—for our company and for the world", and "Trust and personal responsibility in all relationships". Another three-day Jam took place in 2004, with 52,000 employees discussing ways to implement company values in practice.
qas: answers: PwC consulting
question: One company that IBM acquired in 2002 is?

answers: 50,000 employees
question: In 2003 IBM hosted an online discussion with how many employees?

answers: Jam technology
question: What technology did IBM use for its 2003 internet-based discussion?

answers: eClassifier
question: What did IBM use to analyze the results from the online discussion?

answers: 52,000 employees
question: How many employees took part in the subsequent online discussion in 2004?

context: In 2005, the company sold its personal computer business to Chinese technology company Lenovo, and in the same year it agreed to acquire Micromuse. A year later IBM launched Secure Blue, a low-cost hardware design for data encryption that can be built into a microprocessor. In 2009 it acquired software company SPSS Inc. Later in 2009, IBM's Blue Gene supercomputing program was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation by U.S. President Barack Obama. In 2011, IBM gained worldwide attention for its artificial intelligence program Watson, which was exhibited on Jeopardy! where it won against game-show champions Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter. As of 2012[update], IBM had been the top annual recipient of U.S. patents for 20 consecutive years.
qas: answers: Lenovo
question: IBM sold its personal computer business to what company?

answers: 2005
question: In what year did IBM sell its personal computer business?

answers: Secure Blue
question: What was the design for low cost data encryption named?

answers: 2009
question: SPSS Inc. was acquired in what year?

answers: Blue Gene
question: This program was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation.

context: On October 28, 2015, IBM announced its acquisition of digital assets from The Weather Company—a holding company of Bain Capital, The Blackstone Group and NBCUniversal which owns The Weather Channel, including its weather data platforms (such as Weather Services International), websites (Weather.com and Weather Underground) and mobile apps. The acquisition seeks to use Watson for weather analytics and predictions. The acquisition does not include The Weather Channel itself, which will enter into a long-term licensing agreement with IBM for use of its data. The sale closed on January 29, 2016 
qas: answers: The Weather Company
question: IBM acquired digital assets of this company on October 28, 2015.

answers: Watson
question: What will IBM use to analyze weather and make predictions?

answers: January 29, 2016
question: When did the sale of Weather Company assets close?

answers: long-term licensing agreement
question: The Weather Channel entered into what with IBM?

answers: The Weather Company
question: Bain Capital is a holding company of which company?

context: The company's 14 member Board of Directors is responsible for overall corporate management. As of Cathie Black's resignation in November 2010 its membership (by affiliation and year of joining) included: Alain J. P. Belda '08 (Alcoa), William R. Brody '07 (Salk Institute / Johns Hopkins University), Kenneth Chenault '98 (American Express), Michael L. Eskew '05 (UPS), Shirley Ann Jackson '05 (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), Andrew N. Liveris '10 (Dow Chemical), W. James McNerney, Jr. '09 (Boeing), James W. Owens '06 (Caterpillar), Samuel J. Palmisano '00 (IBM), Joan Spero '04 (Doris Duke Charitable Foundation), Sidney Taurel '01 (Eli Lilly), and Lorenzo Zambrano '03 (Cemex).
qas: answers: 14
question: IBM has how many members on its Board of Directors?

answers: Cathie Black's
question: What board member resigned in November 2010?

answers: '07
question: What year did William R. Brody join the IBM Board of Directors?

answers: American Express
question: Kenneth Chenault is affiliated with what company?

answers: Andrew N. Liveris
question: Who is the most recent member to join the IBM Board of Directors?

context: On January 21, 2014 IBM announced that company executives would forgo bonuses for fiscal year 2013. The move came as the firm reported a 5% drop in sales and 1% decline in net profit over 2012. It also committed to a $1.2bn plus expansion of its data center and cloud-storage business, including the development of 15 new data centers. After ten successive quarters of flat or sliding sales under Chief Executive Virginia Rometty IBM is being forced to look at new approaches. Said Rometty, “We’ve got to reinvent ourselves like we’ve done in prior generations.”
qas: answers: 5% drop
question: How large of a drop in sales did IBM report for fiscal year 2013?

answers: January 21, 2014
question: What date did IBM announce that its executives would forgo bonuses for fiscal year 2013?

answers: $1.2bn
question: IBM committed to an expansion totaling this dollar amount in 2014?

answers: 15
question: How many new data centers did IBM commit to building?

answers: Virginia Rometty
question: Who is the chief executive of IBM?

context: Other major campus installations include towers in Montreal, Paris, and Atlanta; software labs in Raleigh-Durham, Rome, Cracow and Toronto; Johannesburg, Seattle; and facilities in Hakozaki and Yamato. The company also operates the IBM Scientific Center, Hursley House, the Canada Head Office Building, IBM Rochester, and the Somers Office Complex. The company's contributions to architecture and design, which include works by Eero Saarinen, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and I.M. Pei, have been recognized. Van der Rohe's 330 North Wabash building in Chicago, the original center of the company's research division post-World War II, was recognized with the 1990 Honor Award from the National Building Museum.
qas: answers: 330 North Wabash building in Chicago
question: What building did Van der Rohe create for IBM?

answers: center of the company's research division
question: The 330 North Wabash building served as what post World War 2?

answers: 1990 Honor Award
question: The 330 North Wabash Building was recognized with what award?

answers: Montreal, Paris, and Atlanta
question: IBM has towers in which cities?

answers: Eero Saarinen
question: IBM has worked with architects and designers such as Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, I.M. Pei, and Van der Rohe, name one  more.

context: IBM's employee management practices can be traced back to its roots. In 1914, CEO Thomas J. Watson boosted company spirit by creating employee sports teams, hosting family outings, and furnishing a company band. IBM sports teams still continue in the present day; the IBM Big Blue continue to exist as semi-professional company rugby and American football teams. In 1924 the Quarter Century Club, which recognizes employees with 25 years of service, was organized and the first issue of Business Machines, IBM's internal publication, was published. In 1925, the first meeting of the Hundred Percent Club, composed of IBM salesmen who meet their quotas, convened in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
qas: answers: Thomas J. Watson
question: Who was the CEO in 1914?

answers: 1924
question: The Quarter Century Club began in this year.

answers: Business Machines
question: What is the name of IBM's internal magazine?

answers: Hundred Percent Club
question: In 1925 the first meeting of this group occurred.

answers: IBM salesmen who meet their quotas
question: What is the Hundred Percent Club composed of?

context: IBM was among the first corporations to provide group life insurance (1934), survivor benefits (1935) and paid vacations (1937). In 1932 IBM created an Education Department to oversee training for employees, which oversaw the completion of the IBM Schoolhouse at Endicott in 1933. In 1935, the employee magazine Think was created. Also that year, IBM held its first training class for female systems service professionals. In 1942, IBM launched a program to train and employ disabled people in Topeka, Kansas. The next year classes began in New York City, and soon the company was asked to join the President's Committee for Employment of the Handicapped. In 1946, the company hired its first black salesman, 18 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1947, IBM announced a Total and Permanent Disability Income Plan for employees. A vested rights pension was added to the IBM retirement plan. During IBM's management transformation in the 1990s revisions were made to these pension plans to reduce IBM's pension liabilities.
qas: answers: 1934
question: In what year did IBM begin to provide group life insurance?

answers: IBM Schoolhouse at Endicott
question: IBM created a school house in 1933, what was its name?

answers: Think
question: IBM employees created a magazine in 1935, what was its name?

answers: program to train and employ disabled people
question: What program did IBM launch in 1942?

answers: 1946
question: What year did IBM hire its first black salesman?

context: In 1952, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., published the company's first written equal opportunity policy letter, one year before the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown vs. Board of Education and 11 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1961, IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include sex, national origin, and age. The following year, IBM hosted its first Invention Award Dinner honoring 34 outstanding IBM inventors; and in 1963, the company named the first eight IBM Fellows in a new Fellowship Program that recognizes senior IBM scientists, engineers and other professionals for outstanding technical achievements.
qas: answers: Thomas J. Watson, Jr
question: Who published IBM's first equal opportunity policy letter?

answers: 1952
question: In what year was IBM's first equal opportunity policy letter published?

answers: sex, national origin, and age
question: In 1961 IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include what?

answers: IBM Fellows
question: Starting in 1963 IBM started a program by naming 8 of these.

answers: 34
question: How many inventors were honored at IBM's first Invention Award Dinner?

context: On September 21, 1953, Thomas Watson, Jr., the company's president at the time, sent out a controversial letter to all IBM employees stating that IBM needed to hire the best people, regardless of their race, ethnic origin, or gender. He also publicized the policy so that in his negotiations to build new manufacturing plants with the governors of two states in the U.S. South, he could be clear that IBM would not build "separate-but-equal" workplaces. In 1984, IBM added sexual orientation to its nondiscrimination policy. The company stated that this would give IBM a competitive advantage because IBM would then be able to hire talented people its competitors would turn down.
qas: answers: September 21, 1953
question: What date did Thomas Watson, Jr. send out a letter about IBM hiring the best people regardless of race, gender, or origin?

answers: the U.S. South
question: IBM publicized its hiring policy to help negotiations in two states where in the U.S.?

answers: separate-but-equal
question: What kind of workplaces did IBM commit to not building?

answers: sexual orientation
question: IBM expanded their nondiscrimination policy in 1984 to include what?

answers: 1984
question: In what year did IBM add sexual orientation to their nondiscrimination policy?

context: IBM has been a leading proponent of the Open Source Initiative, and began supporting Linux in 1998. The company invests billions of dollars in services and software based on Linux through the IBM Linux Technology Center, which includes over 300 Linux kernel developers. IBM has also released code under different open source licenses, such as the platform-independent software framework Eclipse (worth approximately US$40 million at the time of the donation), the three-sentence International Components for Unicode (ICU) license, and the Java-based relational database management system (RDBMS) Apache Derby. IBM's open source involvement has not been trouble-free, however (see SCO v. IBM).
qas: answers: Linux
question: IBM began supporting this in 1998.

answers: the IBM Linux Technology Center
question: 300 Linux kernel developers work here.

answers: Eclipse
question: IBM created the software framework known as?

answers: SCO v. IBM
question: What is a notable legal case involving open source and IBM?

answers: relational database management system
question: What does RDBMS refer to?

context: DeveloperWorks is a website run by IBM for software developers and IT professionals. It contains how-to articles and tutorials, as well as software downloads and code samples, discussion forums, podcasts, blogs, wikis, and other resources for developers and technical professionals. Subjects range from open, industry-standard technologies like Java, Linux, SOA and web services, web development, Ajax, PHP, and XML to IBM's products (WebSphere, Rational, Lotus, Tivoli and Information Management). In 2007, developerWorks was inducted into the Jolt Hall of Fame.
qas: answers: DeveloperWorks
question: IBM runs what website for software developers?

answers: was inducted into the Jolt Hall of Fame
question: In 2007 what happened to developerWorks?

answers: Linux
question: DeveloperWorks has content about open industry standard technologies like Java and SOA, what is one other industry standard technology it has resources for?

answers: Lotus, Tivoli and Information Management
question: IBM products such as WebSphere and Rational are covered on DeveloperWorks, what other three IBM products are covered?

answers: 2007
question: The Jolt Hall of Fame inducted DeveloperWorks in what year?

context: Virtually all console gaming systems of the previous generation used microprocessors developed by IBM. The Xbox 360 contains a PowerPC tri-core processor, which was designed and produced by IBM in less than 24 months. Sony's PlayStation 3 features the Cell BE microprocessor designed jointly by IBM, Toshiba, and Sony. IBM also provided the microprocessor that serves as the heart of Nintendo's new Wii U system, which debuted in 2012. The new Power Architecture-based microprocessor includes IBM's latest technology in an energy-saving silicon package. Nintendo's seventh-generation console, Wii, features an IBM chip codenamed Broadway. The older Nintendo GameCube utilizes the Gekko processor, also designed by IBM.
qas: answers: PowerPC tri-core processor
question: What kind of processor was in the Xbox 360?

answers: less than 24 months
question: How quickly did IBM take to create the Xbox 360 processor?

answers: Cell BE microprocessor
question: Playstation 3 featured which microprocessor?

answers: Toshiba, and Sony
question: Who helped IBM develop the Playstation 3 microprocessor?

answers: 2012
question: What year did the Nintendo Wii U, partly developed by IBM, debut?

context: IBM announced it will launch its new software, called "Open Client Offering" which is to run on Linux, Microsoft Windows and Apple's Mac OS X. The company states that its new product allows businesses to offer employees a choice of using the same software on Windows and its alternatives. This means that "Open Client Offering" is to cut costs of managing whether to use Linux or Apple relative to Windows. There will be no necessity for companies to pay Microsoft for its licenses for operating systems since the operating systems will no longer rely on software which is Windows-based. One alternative to Microsoft's office document formats is the Open Document Format software, whose development IBM supports. It is going to be used for several tasks like: word processing, presentations, along with collaboration with Lotus Notes, instant messaging and blog tools as well as an Internet Explorer competitor – the Mozilla Firefox web browser. IBM plans to install Open Client on 5% of its desktop PCs. The Linux offering has been made available as the IBM Client for Smart Work product on the Ubuntu and Red Hat Enterprise Linux platforms.
qas: answers: Linux, Microsoft Windows and Apple's Mac OS X
question: What will Open Client Offering run on?

answers: Open Document Format software
question: What is an alternative to the Office document format from Microsoft?

answers: 5%
question: What percentage of its desktop PCs does IBM plan to install Open Client on to?

answers: Ubuntu and Red Hat Enterprise Linux
question: Which platforms did IBM begin offering the IBM Client for Smart Work on?

answers: Mozilla Firefox
question: What web browser does the Open Document Format have compatibility with?

context: In 2006, IBM launched Secure Blue, encryption hardware that can be built into microprocessors. A year later, IBM unveiled Project Big Green, a re-direction of $1 billion per year across its businesses to increase energy efficiency. On November 2008, IBM’s CEO, Sam Palmisano, during a speech at the Council on Foreign Relations, outlined a new agenda for building a Smarter Planet. On March 1, 2011, IBM announced the Smarter Computing framework to support Smarter Planet. On Aug 18, 2011, as part of its effort in cognitive computing, IBM has produced chips that imitate neurons and synapses. These microprocessors do not use von Neumann architecture, and they consume less memory and power.
qas: answers: Project Big Green
question: What is the name of the IBM project that redirected $1 billion each year to increase energy efficiency?

answers: 2006
question: Secure Blue was launched in what year?

answers: encryption hardware
question: What type of hardware is Secure Blue?

answers: Sam Palmisano
question: Who was the IBM ceo in November 2008?

answers: Smarter Computing framework
question: What framework did IBM announce on March 1, 2011?

context: IBM also holds the SmartCamp program globally. The program searches for fresh start-up companies that IBM can partner with to solve world problems. IBM holds 17 SmartCamp events around the world. Since July 2011, IBM has partnered with Pennies, the electronic charity box, and produced a software solution for IBM retail customers that provides an easy way to donate money when paying in-store by credit or debit card. Customers donate just a few pence (1p-99p) a time and every donation goes to UK charities.
qas: answers: SmartCamp
question: What is the name of the program that IBM uses to search for new start-up companies to solve world problems?

answers: 17
question: How many SmartCamp events does IBM hold worldwide?

answers: Pennies
question: Who has IBM partnered with to allow retail shoppers to easily donate money?

answers: UK
question: Charities of which nation benefit from the IBM partnership with Pennies?

answers: Pennies
question: What company is known for the electronic charity box?

context: The birthplace of IBM, Endicott, suffered pollution for decades, however. IBM used liquid cleaning agents in circuit board assembly operation for more than two decades, and six spills and leaks were recorded, including one leak in 1979 of 4,100 gallons from an underground tank. These left behind volatile organic compounds in the town's soil and aquifer. Traces of volatile organic compounds have been identified in Endicott’s drinking water, but the levels are within regulatory limits. Also, from 1980, IBM has pumped out 78,000 gallons of chemicals, including trichloroethane, freon, benzene and perchloroethene to the air and allegedly caused several cancer cases among the townspeople. IBM Endicott has been identified by the Department of Environmental Conservation as the major source of pollution, though traces of contaminants from a local dry cleaner and other polluters were also found. Remediation and testing are ongoing, however according to city officials, tests show that the water is safe to drink.
qas: answers: Endicott
question: What location is the birthplace of IBM?

answers: 4,100 gallons
question: How many gallons of liquid cleaning agent leaked from an IBM facility in 1979?

answers: more than two decades
question: How long did IBM use liquid cleaning agents for circuit board manufacturing?

answers: 78,000 gallons
question: Starting in 1980 how many gallons of chemicals did IBM pump into the air?

answers: Department of Environmental Conservation
question: IBM was identified by what department as a major source of pollution?