Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

context: Hoover began using wiretapping in the 1920s during Prohibition to arrest bootleggers. In the 1927 case Olmstead v. United States, in which a bootlegger was caught through telephone tapping, the United States Supreme Court ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment as unlawful search and seizure, as long as the FBI did not break into a person's home to complete the tapping. After Prohibition's repeal, Congress passed the Communications Act of 1934, which outlawed non-consensual phone tapping, but allowed bugging. In the 1939 case Nardone v. United States, the court ruled that due to the 1934 law, evidence the FBI obtained by phone tapping was inadmissible in court. After the 1967 case Katz v. United States overturned the 1927 case that had allowed bugging, Congress passed the Omnibus Crime Control Act, allowing public authorities to tap telephones during investigations as long as they obtain a warrant beforehand.
qas: answers: wiretapping
question: What tool did Hoover use to find bootleggers?

answers: Olmstead v. United States
question: In what supreme court case was it ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment?

answers: Communications Act of 1934
question: What Act did Congress pass to outlaw non-consensual phone tapping?

answers: Nardone v. United States
question: In what case was it ruled that evidence obtained by the FBI via wiretapping was inadmissible in court?

answers: a warrant
question: What is now necessary to tap someone's telephone?

answers: Hoover
question: Which president was the first to use wiretaps to find bootleggers?

answers: Olmstead v. United States
question: What case centered around a bootlegger caught through phone tapping?

answers: Communications Act of 1934
question: What did Congress pass to outlaw phone tapping?

answers: a warrant
question: What is now required to wire tap a citizen?

answers: beforehand
question: Is a warrant required before or after a wiretap?

context: In March 1971, the residential office of an FBI agent in Media, Pennsylvania was burglarized by a group calling itself the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI. Numerous files were taken and distributed to a range of newspapers, including The Harvard Crimson. The files detailed the FBI's extensive COINTELPRO program, which included investigations into lives of ordinary citizens—including a black student group at a Pennsylvania military college and the daughter of Congressman Henry Reuss of Wisconsin. The country was "jolted" by the revelations, which included assassinations of political activists, and the actions were denounced by members of Congress, including House Majority Leader Hale Boggs. The phones of some members of Congress, including Boggs, had allegedly been tapped.
qas: answers: Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI
question: Which group broke into an FBI office in Media, Pennsylvania?

answers: Numerous files were taken
question: Did the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI take files?

answers: COINTELPRO program
question: What files was the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI's raid mainly focused on?

answers: investigations into lives of ordinary citizens
question: What did the files about COINTELPRO reveal?

answers: The country was "jolted"
question: How did the US react to these discoveries?

context: From the end of the 1980s to the early 1990s, the FBI reassigned more than 300 agents from foreign counter-intelligence duties to violent crime, and made violent crime the sixth national priority. With reduced cuts to other well-established departments, and because terrorism was no longer considered a threat after the end of the Cold War, the FBI assisted local and state police forces in tracking fugitives who had crossed state lines, which is a federal offense. The FBI Laboratory helped develop DNA testing, continuing its pioneering role in identification that began with its fingerprinting system in 1924.
qas: answers: the FBI reassigned more than 300 agents from foreign counter-intelligence duties to violent crime
question: Did the FBI reassign agents from counter-intelligence to violent crime?

answers: sixth national priority
question: What priority were violent crimes in the 1990s, according to the FBI?

answers: With reduced cuts to other well-established departments
question: Did the new priorities of the FBI mean cutting other departments?

answers: terrorism was no longer considered a threat
question: Was terrorism considered a threat after the cold war?

answers: The FBI
question: What agency pioneered DNA testing?

context: The 9/11 Commission's final report on July 22, 2004 stated that the FBI and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) were both partially to blame for not pursuing intelligence reports that could have prevented the September 11, 2001 attacks. In its most damning assessment, the report concluded that the country had "not been well served" by either agency and listed numerous recommendations for changes within the FBI. While the FBI has acceded to most of the recommendations, including oversight by the new Director of National Intelligence, some former members of the 9/11 Commission publicly criticized the FBI in October 2005, claiming it was resisting any meaningful changes.
qas: answers: FBI and Central Intelligence Agency
question: What agencies were to blame for 9/11?

answers: acceded to most of the recommendations, including oversight
question: Did 9/11 lead to more FBI oversight?

answers: resisting any meaningful changes
question: Did many believe the FBI was resisting important changes?

answers: not been well served
question: Did the people believe they were served well by the FBI?

context: The Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division, is located in Clarksburg, West Virginia. Organized beginning in 1991, the office opened in 1995 as the youngest agency division. The complex is the length of three football fields. It provides a main repository for information in various data systems. Under the roof of the CJIS are the programs for the National Crime Information Center (NCIC), Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR), Fingerprint Identification, Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), NCIC 2000, and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Many state and local agencies use these data systems as a source for their own investigations and contribute to the database using secure communications. FBI provides these tools of sophisticated identification and information services to local, state, federal, and international law enforcement agencies.
qas: answers: Clarksburg, West Virginia
question: Where is the CJIS located?

answers: 1991
question: When was the CJIS created?

answers: main repository for information
question: What purpose does the CJIS serve?

answers: Under the roof of the CJIS
question: Where is the data for the NCIC located?

answers: Many state and local agencies use these data
question: Do states have access to CJIS?

context: The FBI director is responsible for the day-to-day operations at the FBI. Along with his deputies, the director makes sure cases and operations are handled correctly. The director also is in charge of making sure the leadership in any one of the FBI field offices is manned with qualified agents. Before the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks, the FBI director would directly brief the President of the United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI. Since then, the director now reports to the Director of National Intelligence (DNI), who in turn reports to the President.
qas: answers: The FBI director
question: Who is responsible for day-to-day FBI operations?

answers: his deputies
question: Who assists the FBI director?

answers: Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act
question: What acts were passed relating to the FBI after 9/11?

answers: FBI director
question: Who used to brief the President?

answers: Director of National Intelligence
question: Who now reports to the President?

context: The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) compile data from over 17,000 law enforcement agencies across the country. They provide detailed data regarding the volume of crimes to include arrest, clearance (or closing a case), and law enforcement officer information. The UCR focuses its data collection on violent crimes, hate crimes, and property crimes. Created in the 1920s, the UCR system has not proven to be as uniform as its name implies. The UCR data only reflect the most serious offense in the case of connected crimes and has a very restrictive definition of rape. Since about 93% of the data submitted to the FBI is in this format, the UCR stands out as the publication of choice as most states require law enforcement agencies to submit this data.
qas: answers: The Uniform Crime Reports
question: What compiles data from around 17,000 law enforcement agencies?

answers: violent crimes, hate crimes, and property crimes
question: What does UCR focus on?

answers: 1920s
question: Where was the UCR created?

context: FBI records show that 85% of COINTELPRO resources targeted groups and individuals that the FBI deemed "subversive", including communist and socialist organizations; organizations and individuals associated with the Civil Rights Movement, including Martin Luther King, Jr. and others associated with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Congress of Racial Equality and other civil rights organizations; black nationalist groups; the American Indian Movement; a broad range of organizations labeled "New Left", including Students for a Democratic Society and the Weathermen; almost all groups protesting the Vietnam War, as well as individual student demonstrators with no group affiliation; the National Lawyers Guild; organizations and individuals associated with the women's rights movement; nationalist groups such as those seeking independence for Puerto Rico, United Ireland, and Cuban exile movements including Orlando Bosch's Cuban Power and the Cuban Nationalist Movement. The remaining 15% of COINTELPRO resources were expended to marginalize and subvert white hate groups, including the Ku Klux Klan and the National States' Rights Party.
qas: answers: 85%
question: What percentage of COINTELPRO resources were targeted at FBI labeled subversive groups?

answers: including Martin Luther King, Jr.
question: Did the FBI target MLK?

answers: 15%
question: What percentage of COINTELPRO resources were used to target white hate groups?

answers: Ku Klux Klan and the National States' Rights Party
question: What were the key white hate groups targeted?

answers: New Left
question: What was the term for the liberal groups appearing at this time?

context: Although many of FBI's functions are unique, its activities in support of national security are comparable to those of the British MI5 and the Russian FSB. Unlike the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which has no law enforcement authority and is focused on intelligence collection overseas, FBI is primarily a domestic agency, maintaining 56 field offices in major cities throughout the United States, and more than 400 resident agencies in lesser cities and areas across the nation. At an FBI field office, a senior-level FBI officer concurrently serves as the representative of the Director of National Intelligence.
qas: answers: British MI5 and the Russian FSB
question: What is the FBI comparable to?

answers: FBI is primarily a domestic agency
question: What kind of agency is the FBI?

answers: 56
question: How many field offices does the FBI have in major cities?

answers: 400
question: Around how many offices does the FBI have in minor cities?

answers: senior-level FBI officer
question: Who serves as the representative of the Director of National Intelligence?

context: The bureau's first official task was visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution in preparation for enforcing the "White Slave Traffic Act," or Mann Act, passed on June 25, 1910. In 1932, it was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation. The following year it was linked to the Bureau of Prohibition and rechristened the Division of Investigation (DOI) before finally becoming an independent service within the Department of Justice in 1935. In the same year, its name was officially changed from the Division of Investigation to the present-day Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI.
qas: answers: visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution
question: What was the bureau's first task?

answers: White Slave Traffic Act
question: What act was the bureau initially tasked with enforcing?

answers: White Slave Traffic Act
question: What was the other formal name of the Mann Act?

answers: June 25, 1910
question: When was the Mann Act passed?

answers: In 1932,
question: When was the bureau renamed?

context: During the 1950s and 1960s, FBI officials became increasingly concerned about the influence of civil rights leaders, whom they believed had communist ties or were unduly influenced by them. In 1956, for example, Hoover sent an open letter denouncing Dr. T.R.M. Howard, a civil rights leader, surgeon, and wealthy entrepreneur in Mississippi who had criticized FBI inaction in solving recent murders of George W. Lee, Emmett Till, and other blacks in the South. The FBI carried out controversial domestic surveillance in an operation it called the COINTELPRO, which was short for "COunter-INTELligence PROgram." It was to investigate and disrupt the activities of dissident political organizations within the United States, including both militant and non-violent organizations. Among its targets was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a leading civil rights organization with clergy leadership.
qas: answers: 1950s and 1960s
question: When did the FBI become concerned about Civil Rights?

answers: communist ties
question: What ties did the FBI believe civil rights leaders had?

answers: Dr. T.R.M. Howard
question: Who did Hoover send an open letter denouncing?

answers: FBI
question: What agency had Dr. T.R.M. Howard criticized?

answers: COINTELPRO
question: What was the controversial domestic surveillance operation in this era?

context: Beginning in the 1940s and continuing into the 1970s, the bureau investigated cases of espionage against the United States and its allies. Eight Nazi agents who had planned sabotage operations against American targets were arrested, and six were executed (Ex parte Quirin) under their sentences. Also during this time, a joint US/UK code-breaking effort (the Venona project)—with which the FBI was heavily involved—broke Soviet diplomatic and intelligence communications codes, allowing the US and British governments to read Soviet communications. This effort confirmed the existence of Americans working in the United States for Soviet intelligence. Hoover was administering this project but failed to notify the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) until 1952. Another notable case is the arrest of Soviet spy Rudolf Abel in 1957. The discovery of Soviet spies operating in the US allowed Hoover to pursue his longstanding obsession with the threat he perceived from the American Left, ranging from Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) union organizers to American liberals.
qas: answers: 1940s
question: When did the FBI begin investigating espionage?

answers: Eight
question: How many Nazis were arrested?

answers: the Venona project
question: What project broke Soviet codes?

answers: CIA
question: What agency did Hoover not tell about the code break and the discoveries gained from it?

context: In 2003 a congressional committee called the FBI's organized crime informant program "one of the greatest failures in the history of federal law enforcement." The FBI allowed four innocent men to be convicted of the March 1965 gangland murder of Edward "Teddy" Deegan in order to protect Vincent Flemmi, an FBI informant. Three of the men were sentenced to death (which was later reduced to life in prison), and the fourth defendant was sentenced to life in prison. Two of the four men died in prison after serving almost 30 years, and two others were released after serving 32 and 36 years. In July 2007, U.S. District Judge Nancy Gertner in Boston found the bureau helped convict the four men using false witness account by mobster Joseph Barboza. The U.S. Government was ordered to pay $100 million in damages to the four defendants.
qas: answers: In 2003
question: When did a committee oppose the FBI's organized crime informant program?

answers: four
question: How many innocent men did the FBI allow to be convicted?

answers: life in prison
question: What was the death sentence reduced to?

answers: Two
question: How many of the men died in prison?

answers: $100 million
question: How much was the US government ordered to pay in damages?

context: Between 1993 and 1996, the FBI increased its counter-terrorism role in the wake of the first 1993 World Trade Center bombing in New York City, New York; the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and the arrest of the Unabomber in 1996. Technological innovation and the skills of FBI Laboratory analysts helped ensure that the three cases were successfully prosecuted. Justice Department investigations into the FBI's roles in the Ruby Ridge and Waco incidents were found to be obstructed by agents within the Bureau. During the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, the FBI was criticized for its investigation of the Centennial Olympic Park bombing. It has settled a dispute with Richard Jewell, who was a private security guard at the venue, along with some media organizations, in regard to the leaking of his name during the investigation.
qas: answers: Between 1993 and 1996
question: When did the FBI increase it's counter-terrorism role?

answers: World Trade Center bombing
question: What prompted the FBI increase in counter-terrorism?

answers: New York City, New York
question: Where was the World Trade Center?

answers: 1995
question: When was Oklahoma city bombed?

answers: obstructed
question: What did agents within the FBI do to investigations of the agency?

context: During the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, FBI agent Leonard W. Hatton Jr. was killed during the rescue effort while helping the rescue personnel evacuate the occupants of the South Tower and stayed when it collapsed. Within months after the attacks, FBI Director Robert Mueller, who had been sworn in a week before the attacks, called for a re-engineering of FBI structure and operations. He made countering every federal crime a top priority, including the prevention of terrorism, countering foreign intelligence operations, addressing cyber security threats, other high-tech crimes, protecting civil rights, combating public corruption, organized crime, white-collar crime, and major acts of violent crime.
qas: answers: Leonard W. Hatton Jr
question: What FBI agent was killed during attacks on the World Trade Center?

answers: South Tower
question: What tower was Leonard W. Hatton Jr attempting to evacuate?

answers: re-engineering
question: What did the FBI's new director want?

answers: countering every federal crime
question: What was the new head of the FBI's top priority?

answers: structure and operations
question: What part of the FBI did Mueller want to re-engineer?

context: On July 8, 2007 The Washington Post published excerpts from UCLA Professor Amy Zegart's book Spying Blind: The CIA, the FBI, and the Origins of 9/11. The Post reported from Zegart's book that government documents show the CIA and FBI missed 23 potential chances to disrupt the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The primary reasons for the failures included: agency cultures resistant to change and new ideas; inappropriate incentives for promotion; and a lack of cooperation between the FBI, CIA and the rest of the United States Intelligence Community. The book blamed the FBI's decentralized structure, which prevented effective communication and cooperation among different FBI offices. The book suggested that the FBI has not evolved into an effective counter-terrorism or counter-intelligence agency, due in large part to deeply ingrained agency cultural resistance to change. For example, FBI personnel practices continue to treat all staff other than special agents as support staff, classifying intelligence analysts alongside the FBI's auto mechanics and janitors.
qas: answers: July 8, 2007
question: When did the Washington Post publish excerpts from the book Spying Blind?

answers: 23
question: How many chances to disrupt the 9/11 attacks did the FBI dismiss?

answers: FBI, CIA
question: What two agencies had a lack of co-operation?

answers: FBI's decentralized structure
question: What was to blame for the FBI's failure?

answers: effective communication
question: What did the FBI's decentralized structure prevent?

context: The USA PATRIOT Act increased the powers allotted to the FBI, especially in wiretapping and monitoring of Internet activity. One of the most controversial provisions of the act is the so-called sneak and peek provision, granting the FBI powers to search a house while the residents are away, and not requiring them to notify the residents for several weeks afterwards. Under the PATRIOT Act's provisions, the FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records of those who are suspected of terrorism (something it had supposedly not done since the 1970s).
qas: answers: USA PATRIOT Act
question: What increased the powers of the FBI?

answers: sneak and peek provision
question: What was one of the most controversial parts of the Patriot Act?

answers: search a house while the residents are away
question: What new residential powers did the FBI now have?

answers: FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records
question: Could the FBI inquire into library records?

answers: those who are suspected of terrorism
question: Who's library records did the FBI look into?

context: The FBI Laboratory, established with the formation of the BOI, did not appear in the J. Edgar Hoover Building until its completion in 1974. The lab serves as the primary lab for most DNA, biological, and physical work. Public tours of FBI headquarters ran through the FBI laboratory workspace before the move to the J. Edgar Hoover Building. The services the lab conducts include Chemistry, Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), Computer Analysis and Response, DNA Analysis, Evidence Response, Explosives, Firearms and Tool marks, Forensic Audio, Forensic Video, Image Analysis, Forensic Science Research, Forensic Science Training, Hazardous Materials Response, Investigative and Prospective Graphics, Latent Prints, Materials Analysis, Questioned Documents, Racketeering Records, Special Photographic Analysis, Structural Design, and Trace Evidence. The services of the FBI Laboratory are used by many state, local, and international agencies free of charge. The lab also maintains a second lab at the FBI Academy.
qas: answers: 1974
question: When did the FBI lab first appear?

answers: J. Edgar Hoover Building
question: Where was the FBI lab?

answers: state, local, and international agencies
question: Who uses the FBI lab services?

answers: free
question: How much does the FBI charges for lab services?

answers: FBI Academy
question: Where is the second FBI lab?

context: In 2000, the FBI began the Trilogy project to upgrade its outdated information technology (IT) infrastructure. This project, originally scheduled to take three years and cost around $380 million, ended up going far over budget and behind schedule. Efforts to deploy modern computers and networking equipment were generally successful, but attempts to develop new investigation software, outsourced to Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), were not. Virtual Case File, or VCF, as the software was known, was plagued by poorly defined goals, and repeated changes in management. In January 2005, more than two years after the software was originally planned for completion, the FBI officially abandoned the project. At least $100 million (and much more by some estimates) was spent on the project, which never became operational. The FBI has been forced to continue using its decade-old Automated Case Support system, which IT experts consider woefully inadequate. In March 2005, the FBI announced it was beginning a new, more ambitious software project, code-named Sentinel, which they expected to complete by 2009.
qas: answers: 2000
question: When did the FBI begin the Trilogy project?

answers: Trilogy project
question: What project centered on upgrading FBI Information Technology Infrastructure?

answers: far over budget
question: Did the Trilogy project go over budget?

answers: January 2005
question: When did the FBI abandon the VCF project?

context: An FBI special agent is issued a Glock Model 22 pistol or a Glock 23 in .40 S&W caliber. If they fail their first qualification, they are issued either a Glock 17 or Glock 19, to aid in their next qualification. In May 1997, the FBI officially adopted the Glock .40 S&W pistol for general agent use and first issued it to New Agent Class 98-1 in October 1997. At present, the Model 23 "FG&R" (finger groove and rail) is the issue sidearm. New agents are issued firearms, on which they must qualify, on successful completion of their training at the FBI Academy. The Glock 26 in 9×19mm Parabellum, and Glock Models 23 and 27 in .40 S&W caliber are authorized as secondary weapons. Special agents are authorized to purchase and qualify with the Glock Model 21 in .45 ACP. Special agents of the FBI HRT (Hostage Rescue Team), and regional SWAT teams are issued the Springfield Professional Model 1911A1 .45 ACP pistol (see FBI Special Weapons and Tactics Teams).
qas: answers: Glock Model 22 pistol or a Glock 23 in .40 S&W caliber
question: What gun are FBI special agents issued?

answers: Glock 17 or Glock 19
question: What are FBI special agents issued if they fail their first qualification?

answers: Glock .40 S&W pistol
question: What did the FBI adopt in May 1997

answers: general agent use
question: What did the FBI adopt the Glock .40 S&W pistol for?

answers: New Agent Class 98-1
question: What class was the first to receive the Glock .40 S&W pistol?

context: The FBI is near-impenetrable, with applicants intensely scrutinized and assessed over an extended period. To apply to become an FBI agent, one must be between the ages of 23 and 37. Due to the decision in Robert P. Isabella v. Department of State and Office of Personnel Management, 2008 M.S.P.B. 146, preference-eligible veterans may apply after age 37. In 2009, the Office of Personnel Management issued implementation guidance on the Isabella decision. The applicant must also hold American citizenship, be of high moral character, have a clean record, and hold at least a four-year bachelor's degree. At least three years of professional work experience prior to application is also required. All FBI employees require a Top Secret (TS) security clearance, and in many instances, employees need a TS/SCI (Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information) clearance. To obtain a security clearance, all potential FBI personnel must pass a series of Single Scope Background Investigations (SSBI), which are conducted by the Office of Personnel Management. Special Agents candidates also have to pass a Physical Fitness Test (PFT), which includes a 300-meter run, one-minute sit-ups, maximum push-ups, and a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) run. Personnel must pass a polygraph test with questions including possible drug use. Applicants who fail polygraphs may not gain employment with the FBI.
qas: answers: preference-eligible veterans
question: What group of people may apply to join the FBI after age 37?

answers: 23
question: What is the minimum age to join the FBI?

answers: must also hold American citizenship
question: Is American citizenship required to be an FBI agent?

answers: Single Scope Background Investigations
question: What is a SSBI?

answers: Office of Personnel Management
question: Who conducts SSBIs?

context: The FBI has maintained files on numerous people, including celebrities such as Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, John Denver, John Lennon, Jane Fonda, Groucho Marx, Charlie Chaplin, the band MC5, Lou Costello, Sonny Bono, Bob Dylan, Michael Jackson, and Mickey Mantle. The files were collected for various reasons. Some of the subjects were investigated for alleged ties to the Communist party (Charlie Chaplin and Groucho Marx), or in connection with antiwar activities during the Vietnam War (John Denver, John Lennon, and Jane Fonda). Numerous celebrity files concern threats or extortion attempts against them (Sonny Bono, John Denver, John Lennon, Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson, Mickey Mantle, Groucho Marx, and Frank Sinatra).
qas: answers: including celebrities such as Elvis Presley
question: Did the FBI keep files on Elvis Presley?

answers: antiwar activities
question: What activities was the FBI concerned with during the Vietnam war?

answers: threats or extortion attempts
question: What kinds of treats were celebrities receiving?

answers: Communist party
question: What party was the FBI concerned with?

context: In December 1994, after being tipped off by his former FBI handler about a pending indictment under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, Bulger fled Boston and went into hiding. For 16 years, he remained at large. For 12 of those years, Bulger was prominently listed on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list. Beginning in 1997, the New England media exposed criminal actions by federal, state, and local law enforcement officials tied to Bulger. The revelation caused great embarrassment to the FBI. In 2002, Special Agent John J Connolly was convicted of federal racketeering charges for helping Bulger avoid arrest. In 2008, Special Agent Connolly completed his term on the federal charges and was transferred to Florida where he was convicted of helping plan the murder of John B Callahan, a Bulger rival. In 2014, that conviction was overturned on a technicality. Connolly was the agent leading the investigation of Bulger.
qas: answers: his former FBI handler
question: Who tipped of Bulger?

answers: Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
question: What act was the indictment under?

answers: 16
question: How long did Bulger remain at large?

answers: prominently listed
question: Was Bulger on the 10 Most Wanted Fugitives List?

answers: great embarrassment
question: What did the revelations about Bulger cause?

context: In August 2007 Virgil Griffith, a Caltech computation and neural-systems graduate student, created a searchable database that linked changes made by anonymous Wikipedia editors to companies and organizations from which the changes were made. The database cross-referenced logs of Wikipedia edits with publicly available records pertaining to the internet IP addresses edits were made from. Griffith was motivated by the edits from the United States Congress, and wanted to see if others were similarly promoting themselves. The tool was designed to detect conflict of interest edits. Among his findings were that FBI computers were used to edit the FBI article in Wikipedia. Although the edits correlated with known FBI IP addresses, there was no proof that the changes actually came from a member or employee of the FBI, only that someone who had access to their network had edited the FBI article in Wikipedia. Wikipedia spokespersons received Griffith's "WikiScanner" positively, noting that it helped prevent conflicts of interest from influencing articles as well as increasing transparency and mitigating attempts to remove or distort relevant facts.
qas: answers: computation and neural-systems
question: What was Virgil Griffith focused on?

answers: United States Congress
question: What part of the government was editing its own wikipedia page?

answers: conflict of interest edits
question: What was Griffith's tool designed to detect?

answers: transparency
question: What did Griffith's tool help increase?

answers: positively
question: How as Griffith's wikipedia scanner viewed by wikipedia?

context: On 20 February 2001, the bureau announced that a special agent, Robert Hanssen (born 1944) had been arrested for spying for the Soviet Union and then Russia from 1979 to 2001. He is serving 15 consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole at ADX Florence, a federal supermax prison near Florence, Colorado. Hanssen was arrested on February 18, 2001 at Foxstone Park near his home in Vienna, Virginia, and was charged with selling US secrets to the USSR and subsequently Russia for more than US$1.4 million in cash and diamonds over a 22-year period. On July 6, 2001, he pleaded guilty to 15 counts of espionage in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. His spying activities have been described by the US Department of Justice's Commission for the Review of FBI Security Programs as "possibly the worst intelligence disaster in U.S. history".
qas: answers: 20 February 2001
question: When did the FBI announce Robert Hanssen's arrest?

answers: spying for the Soviet Union
question: What was Hanssen arrested for?

answers: 1979 to 2001
question: When was Hanssen a spy for Russia/the SU?

answers: 15
question: How many life time sentences is Hanssen serving?

answers: $1.4 million
question: What much money did Hanssen receive in cash?

context: The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nation's prime federal law enforcement organization. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Justice, FBI is concurrently a member of the U.S. Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U.S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, FBI has jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crimes.
qas: answers: FBI
question: What agency is the domestic intelligence and security service for the US?

answers: U.S. Department of Justice
question: What organization is the FBI a subset of?

answers: Director of National Intelligence
question: What Director does the FBI report to?

answers: 200
question: How many categories of federal crimes does the FBI have jurisdiction over?

context: J. Edgar Hoover served as Director from 1924 to 1972, a combined 48 years with the BOI, DOI, and FBI. He was chiefly responsible for creating the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory, or the FBI Laboratory, which officially opened in 1932, as part of his work to professionalize investigations by the government. Hoover was substantially involved in most major cases and projects that the FBI handled during his tenure. After Hoover's death, Congress passed legislation that limited the tenure of future FBI Directors to ten years.
qas: answers: J. Edgar Hoover
question: Who was Director from 1924 to 1972?

answers: 48
question: How many years was Hoover the FBI director?

answers: Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory
question: What laboratory was Hoover responsible for creating?

answers: FBI Laboratory
question: What was the other name for the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory?

answers: 1932
question: When did the FBI laboratory open?

context: Despite its domestic focus, the FBI also maintains a significant international footprint, operating 60 Legal Attache (LEGAT) offices and 15 sub-offices in U.S. embassies and consulates across the globe. These overseas offices exist primarily for the purpose of coordination with foreign security services and do not usually conduct unilateral operations in the host countries. The FBI can and does at times carry out secret activities overseas, just as the CIA has a limited domestic function; these activities generally require coordination across government agencies.
qas: answers: domestic
question: What kind of work was the FBI focused on?

answers: 60
question: How many LEGAT offices does the FBI operate?

answers: coordination with foreign security services
question: Why does the FBI operate LEGAT offices?

answers: not usually
question: Do LEGAT offices conduct unilateral operations in host countries?

answers: coordination
question: What do oversea operations require?

context: In 1939, the Bureau began compiling a custodial detention list with the names of those who would be taken into custody in the event of war with Axis nations. The majority of the names on the list belonged to Issei community leaders, as the FBI investigation built on an existing Naval Intelligence index that had focused on Japanese Americans in Hawaii and the West Coast, but many German and Italian nationals also found their way onto the secret list. Robert Shivers, head of the Honolulu office, obtained permission from Hoover to start detaining those on the list on December 7, 1941, while bombs were still falling over Pearl Harbor. Mass arrests and searches of homes (in most cases conducted without warrants) began a few hours after the attack, and over the next several weeks more than 5,500 Issei men were taken into FBI custody. On February 19, 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, authorizing the removal of Japanese Americans from the West Coast. FBI Director Hoover opposed the subsequent mass removal and confinement of Japanese Americans authorized under Executive Order 9066, but Roosevelt prevailed. The vast majority went along with the subsequent exclusion orders, but in a handful of cases where Japanese Americans refused to obey the new military regulations, FBI agents handled their arrests. The Bureau continued surveillance on Japanese Americans throughout the war, conducting background checks on applicants for resettlement outside camp, and entering the camps (usually without the permission of War Relocation Authority officials) and grooming informants in order to monitor dissidents and "troublemakers." After the war, the FBI was assigned to protect returning Japanese Americans from attacks by hostile white communities.
qas: answers: 1939
question: When did the Bureau begin compiling a custodial detention list?

answers: in the event of war with Axis
question: When would the people on the custodial detention list be arrested?

answers: Issei community leaders
question: Who were the majority of names on the custodial detention list?

answers: December 7, 1941
question: When was Pearl Harbor bombed?

answers: Japanese Americans
question: What group did the FBI continue surveillance on?

context: In response to organized crime, on August 25, 1953, the FBI created the Top Hoodlum Program. The national office directed field offices to gather information on mobsters in their territories and to report it regularly to Washington for a centralized collection of intelligence on racketeers. After the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, or RICO Act, took effect, the FBI began investigating the former Prohibition-organized groups, which had become fronts for crime in major cities and small towns. All of the FBI work was done undercover and from within these organizations, using the provisions provided in the RICO Act. Gradually the agency dismantled many of the groups. Although Hoover initially denied the existence of a National Crime Syndicate in the United States, the Bureau later conducted operations against known organized crime syndicates and families, including those headed by Sam Giancana and John Gotti. The RICO Act is still used today for all organized crime and any individuals who might fall under the Act.
qas: answers: organized crime
question: What was the Top Hoodlum Program a response to?

answers: mobsters
question: What did the Top Hoodlum Program gather information on?

answers: former Prohibition-organized groups
question: After the RICO Act took effect what did the FBI start investigating?

answers: National Crime Syndicate
question: What groups did Hoover deny the existence of?

answers: The RICO Act is still used
question: Is the RICO Act still used today?

context: After Congress passed the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA, 1994), the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA, 1996), and the Economic Espionage Act (EEA, 1996), the FBI followed suit and underwent a technological upgrade in 1998, just as it did with its CART team in 1991. Computer Investigations and Infrastructure Threat Assessment Center (CITAC) and the National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) were created to deal with the increase in Internet-related problems, such as computer viruses, worms, and other malicious programs that threatened US operations. With these developments, the FBI increased its electronic surveillance in public safety and national security investigations, adapting to the telecommunications advancements that changed the nature of such problems.
qas: answers: CALEA
question: What spurred the FBIs technological upgrade?

answers: CART
question: What team underwent a technological upgrade in 1991?

answers: Internet-related problems
question: What were CITAC and NIPC created to deal with?

answers: US operations
question: What were computer viruses seen as a threat to?

answers: FBI increased its electronic surveillance
question: Did the FBI increase electronic surveillance?

context: For over 40 years, the FBI crime lab in Quantico believed lead in bullets had unique chemical signatures. It analyzed the bullets with the goal of matching them chemically, not only to a single batch of ammunition coming out of a factory, but also to a single box of bullets. The National Academy of Sciences conducted an 18-month independent review of comparative bullet-lead analysis. In 2003, its National Research Council published a report whose conclusions called into question 30 years of FBI testimony. It found the analytic model used by the FBI for interpreting results was deeply flawed, and the conclusion, that bullet fragments could be matched to a box of ammunition, was so overstated that it was misleading under the rules of evidence. One year later, the FBI decided to stop doing bullet lead analysis.
qas: answers: single box of bullets
question: What precision did the FBI believe they could reach with chemical signatures?

answers: 18-month
question: How long was the National Academy of Sciences independent review?

answers: deeply flawed
question: What did the National Academy of Sciences independent review discover about the FBIs analytical model?

answers: National Research Council
question: Why did the FBI stop doing bullet lead analysis?

context: The FBI's chief tool against organized crime is the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act. The FBI is also charged with the responsibility of enforcing compliance of the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964 and investigating violations of the act in addition to prosecuting such violations with the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). The FBI also shares concurrent jurisdiction with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in the enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970.
qas: answers: RICO
question: What is the FBI's main tool against organized crime?

answers: Civil Rights Act of 1964
question: What act is the FBI required to enforce?

answers: DOJ
question: What organization does the FBI prosecute violations of the United States Civil Rights Act with?

answers: DEA
question: What organization does the FBI share jurisdiction with?

answers: Controlled Substances Act of 1970
question: What Substance act does the FBI enforce?

context: The FBI often works in conjunction with other Federal agencies, including the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) in seaport and airport security, and the National Transportation Safety Board in investigating airplane crashes and other critical incidents. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Homeland Security Investigations (ICE-HSI) has nearly the same amount of investigative man power as the FBI, and investigates the largest range of crimes. In the wake of the September 11 attacks, then-Attorney General Ashcroft assigned the FBI as the designated lead organization in terrorism investigations after the creation of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. ICE-HSI and the FBI are both integral members of the Joint Terrorism Task Force.
qas: answers: seaport and airport security
question: When does the FBI work with the US Coast Guard and US Customs and Board Protection?

answers: investigating airplane crashes
question: When does the FBI work with the National Transportation Safety Board?

answers: ICE-HSI
question: What organization in the US government investigates the largest array of crimes?

answers: FBI
question: What organization did General Ashcroft assign to lead organization in terrorism investigations?

answers: Joint Terrorism Task Force
question: What are the FBI and ICE-HSI both members of?

context: The FBI Academy, located in Quantico, Virginia, is home to the communications and computer laboratory the FBI utilizes. It is also where new agents are sent for training to become FBI Special Agents. Going through the 21-week course is required for every Special Agent. First opened for use in 1972, the facility located on 385 acres (1.6 km2) of woodland. The Academy trains state and local law enforcement agencies, which are invited to the law enforcement training center. The FBI units that reside at Quantico are the Field and Police Training Unit, Firearms Training Unit, Forensic Science Research and Training Center, Technology Services Unit (TSU), Investigative Training Unit, Law Enforcement Communication Unit, Leadership and Management Science Units (LSMU), Physical Training Unit, New Agents' Training Unit (NATU), Practical Applications Unit (PAU), the Investigative Computer Training Unit and the "College of Analytical Studies."
qas: answers: The FBI Academy
question: Where are agents sent to become FBI Special Agents?

answers: Quantico, Virginia
question: Where is the FBI Academy?

answers: 21-week
question: How long is the course required for all special agents?

answers: state and local law enforcement agencies
question: What other groups does the FBI Academy train?

context: The FBI frequently investigated Martin Luther King, Jr. In the mid-1960s, King began publicly criticizing the Bureau for giving insufficient attention to the use of terrorism by white supremacists. Hoover responded by publicly calling King the most "notorious liar" in the United States. In his 1991 memoir, Washington Post journalist Carl Rowan asserted that the FBI had sent at least one anonymous letter to King encouraging him to commit suicide. Historian Taylor Branch documents an anonymous November 1964 "suicide package" sent by the Bureau that combined a letter to the civil rights leader telling him "You are done. There is only one way out for you..." with audio recordings of King's sexual indiscretions.
qas: answers: frequently
question: Did the FBI investigate Martin Luther King Jr.?

answers: the Bureau
question: Who did MLK begin criticizing in the mid-1960s?

answers: white supremacists
question: What group did MLK believe needed more attention from the FBI?

answers: notorious liar
question: What did Hoover call MLK?

answers: anonymous
question: What kind of letter did the FBI send to MLK?

context: The National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) crime statistics system aims to address limitations inherent in UCR data. The system is used by law enforcement agencies in the United States for collecting and reporting data on crimes. Local, state, and federal agencies generate NIBRS data from their records management systems. Data is collected on every incident and arrest in the Group A offense category. The Group A offenses are 46 specific crimes grouped in 22 offense categories. Specific facts about these offenses are gathered and reported in the NIBRS system. In addition to the Group A offenses, eleven Group B offenses are reported with only the arrest information. The NIBRS system is in greater detail than the summary-based UCR system. As of 2004, 5,271 law enforcement agencies submitted NIBRS data. That amount represents 20% of the United States population and 16% of the crime statistics data collected by the FBI.
qas: answers: address limitations inherent in UCR data
question: What is the goal of the NIBRS?

answers: the United States
question: Who uses the NIBRS?

answers: collecting and reporting data
question: What is the NIBRS used for?

answers: crimes
question: What does the NIBRS collect information on?

answers: NIBRS
question: Does the NIBRS system or UCR system have more detailed data?

context: The FBI also spied upon and collected information on Puerto Rican independence leader Pedro Albizu Campos and his Nationalist political party in the 1930s. Abizu Campos was convicted three times in connection with deadly attacks on US government officials: in 1937 (Conspiracy to overthrow the government of the United States), in 1950 (attempted murder), and in 1954 (after an armed assault on the US House of Representatives while in session; although not present, Abizu Campos was considered the mastermind). The FBI operation was covert and did not become known until U.S. Congressman Luis Gutierrez had it made public via the Freedom of Information Act in the 1980s.
qas: answers: Pedro Albizu Campos
question: What Puerto Rican leader did the FBI spy on?

answers: Nationalist
question: What party was Pedro Albizu Campos part of?

answers: three
question: How many times was Pedro Albizu Campos convicted of attacks on US officials?

answers: Luis Gutierrez
question: Who released the Campos operation to the public?

answers: 1980s
question: When was the Abizu Campos operation made public?

context: The FBI is organized into functional branches and the Office of the Director, which contains most administrative offices. An executive assistant director manages each branch. Each branch is then divided into offices and divisions, each headed by an assistant director. The various divisions are further divided into sub-branches, led by deputy assistant directors. Within these sub-branches there are various sections headed by section chiefs. Section chiefs are ranked analogous to special agents in charge.
qas: answers: Office of the Director
question: What office contains the FBI's administrative offices?

answers: An executive assistant director
question: Who manages each FBI branch?

answers: offices and divisions
question: What is a FBI branch divided into?

answers: an assistant director
question: Who heads an office or division?

answers: deputy assistant directors
question: Who leaders the sub-divisions of offices or divisions?

context: The FBI is headquartered at the J. Edgar Hoover Building in Washington, D.C., with 56 field offices in major cities across the United States. The FBI also maintains over 400 resident agencies across the United States, as well as over 50 legal attachés at United States embassies and consulates. Many specialized FBI functions are located at facilities in Quantico, Virginia, as well as a "data campus" in Clarksburg, West Virginia, where 96 million sets of fingerprints "from across the United States are stored, along with others collected by American authorities from prisoners in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, Iraq and Afghanistan." The FBI is in process of moving its Records Management Division, which processes Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, to Winchester, Virginia.
qas: answers: J. Edgar Hoover Building in Washington, D.C.,
question: Where is the FBI located?

answers: Quantico, Virginia
question: Where are specialized FBI functions located?

answers: Clarksburg, West Virginia
question: Where is the FBI's data campus?

answers: FOIA
question: What act is the FBI required to process requests for?

answers: 96 million
question: How many sets of fingerprints does the FBI have?

context: Carnivore was an electronic eavesdropping software system implemented by the FBI during the Clinton administration; it was designed to monitor email and electronic communications. After prolonged negative coverage in the press, the FBI changed the name of its system from "Carnivore" to "DCS1000." DCS is reported to stand for "Digital Collection System"; the system has the same functions as before. The Associated Press reported in mid-January 2005 that the FBI essentially abandoned the use of Carnivore in 2001, in favor of commercially available software, such as NarusInsight.
qas: answers: Carnivore
question: What was the electronic eavesdropping system used by the FBI during the Clinton presidency?

answers: email and electronic communications
question: What did Carnivore monitor?

answers: DCS1000
question: What was Carnivore renamed to?

answers: 2001
question: When did the FBI abandon Carnivore?

answers: commercially available
question: What kind of software replaced Carnivore?

context: FBI Directors are appointed by the President of the United States. They must be confirmed by the United States Senate and serve a term of office of five years, with a maximum of ten years, if reappointed, unless they resign or are fired by the President before their term ends. J. Edgar Hoover, appointed by Calvin Coolidge in 1924, was by far the longest-serving director, serving until his death in 1972. In 1968, Congress passed legislation as part of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act Pub.L. 90–351, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 197 that specified a 10-year limit, a maximum of two 5-year terms, for future FBI Directors, as well as requiring Senate confirmation of appointees. As the incumbent, this legislation did not apply to Hoover, only to his successors. The current FBI Director is James B. Comey, who was appointed in 2013 by Barack Obama.
qas: answers: President of the United States
question: Who appoints FBI directors?

answers: United States Senate
question: What legislative body confirms FBI directors?

answers: five years
question: How long is the term of a FBI director?

answers: his death
question: What made Hoover stop serving as the FBI Director?

answers: James B. Comey
question: Who is the current FBI director?

context: The FBI has been frequently depicted in popular media since the 1930s. The bureau has participated to varying degrees, which has ranged from direct involvement in the creative process of film or TV series development, to providing consultation on operations and closed cases. A few of the notable portrayals of the FBI on television are the 1993-2002 series The X-Files, which concerned investigations into paranormal phenomena by five fictional Special Agents and the fictional Counter Terrorist Unit (CTU) agency in the TV drama 24, which is patterned after the FBI Counterterrorism Division. The 1991 movie Point Break is based on the true story of an undercover FBI agent who infiltrated a gang of bank robbers. The 1997 movie Donnie Brasco is based on the true story of undercover FBI agent Joseph D. Pistone infiltrating the Mafia.
qas: answers: 1930s
question: When did the FBI first appear in popular media?

answers: X-Files
question: What notable TV show was concerned with FBI investigations of the paranormal?

answers: FBI Counterterrorism Division
question: What is the TV drama 24 designed on?

answers: undercover FBI agent
question: Who is the movie Point Break Based on?

answers: Joseph D. Pistone
question: Who is the movie Donnie Brasco based on?

context: During the period from 1993 to 2011, FBI agents fired their weapons on 289 occasions; FBI internal reviews found the shots justified in all but 5 cases, in none of the 5 cases were people wounded. Samuel Walker, a professor of criminal justice at the University of Nebraska Omaha said the number of shots found to be unjustified was "suspiciously low." In the same time period, the FBI wounded 150 people, 70 of whom died; the FBI found all 150 shootings to be justified. Likewise, during the period from 2011 to the present, all shootings by FBI agents have been found to be justified by internal investigation. In a 2002 case in Maryland, an innocent man was shot, and later paid $1.3 million by the FBI after agents mistook him for a bank robber; the internal investigation found that the shooting was justified, based on the man's actions.
qas: answers: 289
question: How many times did FBI agents first their weapons from 1993 to 2011?

answers: 5 cases
question: How many times were FBI shots not justified?

answers: none
question: How many people were wounded in the cases where FBI shooting was not justified?

answers: suspiciously low
question: How did Samuel Walker describe the number of unjustified shots fired?

answers: the man's actions
question: On what was the shooting of an innocent Maryland man deemed justified?

context: In 2005, fugitive Puerto Rican Nationalist leader Filiberto Ojeda Ríos died in a gun battle with FBI agents in 2005 in what some charged was an assassination.[citation needed] Puerto Rico Governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá criticized the FBI assault as "improper" and "highly irregular" and demanded to know why his government was not informed of it. The FBI refused to release information beyond the official press release, citing security and agent privacy issues. The Puerto Rico Justice Department filed suit in federal court against the FBI and the US Attorney General, demanding information crucial to the Commonwealth's own investigation of the incident. The case was dismissed by the U.S Supreme Court. Ojeda Rios' funeral was attended by a long list of dignitaries, including the highest authority of the Roman Catholic Church in Puerto Rico, Archbishop Roberto Octavio González Nieves, ex-Governor Rafael Hernández Colón, and numerous other personalities.
qas: answers: 2005
question: When did Puerto Rican Nationalist Filiberto Ojeda Ríos die?

answers: FBI agents
question: Who killed Filiberto Ojeda Ríos?

answers: assassination
question: How did some people describe Filiberto Ojeda Ríos's death?

answers: The FBI refused
question: How did the FBI respond to requests to release information beyond the initial press release?

answers: Supreme Court
question: What US court dismissed the Puerto Rican case for information crucial to their own investigation of Filiberto Ojeda Ríos's killing?