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1769
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1770
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1771
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1772
[ "Second,", "there", "are", "limited", "interactions", "between", "language", "representation", "and", "knowledge", "graph", "representation." ]
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1773
[ "As", "the", "example", "in", "Figure", "1,", "some", "graph", "nodes", "such", "as", "“wood”,", "“burn”,", "and", "“gas”,", "although", "related", "to", "some", "entities", "in", "the", "questions", "and", "choice,", "can", "mislead", "the", "global", "understanding", "of", "the", "question." ]
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1774
[ "simple", "string", "matching", "or", "semantic", "matching,", "in", "order", "to", "retrieve", "sufficient", "relevant", "knowledge,", "noise", "knowledge", "graph", "nodes", "will", "inevitably", "be", "included", "(Lin", "et", "al.,", "2019;", "Yasunaga", "et", "al.,", "2021)." ]
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1775
[ "Whether", "through" ]
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1776
[ "First,", "the", "retrieved", "knowledge", "subgraph", "contains", "many", "noisy", "nodes." ]
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1777
[ "However,", "these", "approaches", "have", "two", "main", "issues." ]
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1778
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1779
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1780
[ "Related", "methods", "usually", "follow", "a", "retrieval-and-modeling", "paradigm." ]
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1781
[ "An", "extensive", "research", "path", "is", "to", "elaborately", "design", "graph", "neural", "networks", "(GNNs)", "(Scarselli", "et", "al.,", "2008)", "to", "perform", "reasoning", "over", "explicit", "structural", "common", "sense", "knowledge", "from", "external", "knowledge", "bases", "(Vrandeˇci´c", "and", "Krötzsch,", "2014;", "Speer", "et", "al.,", "2017)." ]
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1782
[ "knowledge", "is", "self-evident", "to", "humans", "and", "is", "rarely", "expressed", "clearly", "in", "natural", "language", "(Gunning,", "2018),", "which", "makes", "it", "difficult", "for", "LMs", "to", "learn", "commonsense", "knowledge", "from", "the", "pre-training", "text", "corpus", "alone." ]
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1783
[ "Nevertheless,", "commonsense" ]
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1784
[ "Recently,", "large", "pre-trained", "language", "models", "(LMs)", "have", "achieved", "remarkable", "success", "in", "many", "QA", "tasks", "and", "appear", "to", "use", "implicit", "(factual)", "knowledge", "encoded", "in", "their", "model", "parameters", "during", "fine-tuning", "(Liu", "et", "al.,", "2019;", "Raffel", "et", "al.,", "2020)." ]
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1785
[ "Commonsense", "question", "answering", "(CSQA)", "requires", "systems", "to", "acquire", "different", "types", "of", "commonsense", "knowledge", "and", "reasoning", "skills,", "which", "is", "normal", "for", "humans,", "but", "challenging", "for", "machines", "(Talmor", "et", "al.,", "2019)." ]
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1786
[ "Introduction" ]
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1787
[ "We", "evaluate", "JointLK", "on", "the", "CommonsenseQA", "and", "OpenBookQA", "datasets,", "and", "demonstrate", "its", "improvements", "to", "the", "existing", "LM", "and", "LM+KG", "models,", "as", "well", "as", "its", "capability", "to", "perform", "interpretable", "reasoning1." ]
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1788
[ "Then,", "the", "dynamic", "pruning", "module", "uses", "the", "attention", "weights", "generated", "by", "joint", "reasoning", "to", "prune", "irrelevant", "KG", "nodes", "recursively." ]
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1789
[ "Specifically,", "JointLK", "performs", "joint", "reasoning", "between", "LM", "and", "GNN", "through", "a", "novel", "dense", "bidirectional", "attention", "module,", "in", "which", "each", "question", "token", "attends", "on", "KG", "nodes", "and", "each", "KG", "node", "attends", "on", "question", "tokens,", "and", "the", "two", "modal", "representations", "fuse", "and", "update", "mutually", "by", "multi-step", "interactions." ]
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1790
[ "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "propose", "a", "novel", "model,", "JointLK,", "which", "solves", "the", "above", "limitations", "through", "the", "joint", "reasoning", "of", "LM", "and", "GNN", "and", "the", "dynamic", "KGs", "pruning", "mechanism." ]
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1791
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1792
[ "Existing", "KG-augmented", "models", "for", "commonsense", "question", "answering", "primarily", "focus", "on", "designing", "elaborate", "Graph", "Neural", "Networks", "(GNNs)", "to", "model", "knowledge", "graphs", "(KGs)." ]
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1793
[ "Abstract" ]
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1794
[ "JointLK:", "Joint", "Reasoning", "with", "Language", "Models", "and", "Knowledge", "Graphs", "for", "Commonsense", "Question", "Answering" ]
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1795
[ "We", "find", "the", "contrastive", "loss", "particularly", "helpful", "when", "the", "amount", "of", "speech", "data", "is", "extremely", "small,", "like", "only" ]
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1796
[ "For", "a", "fair", "comparison,", "we", "use", "the", "same", "MT", "pre-trained", "Transformer", "module", "as", "in", "the", "main", "paper." ]
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1797
[ "In", "the", "experiment,", "we", "reduce", "the", "labeled", "ST", "data", "to", "1,", "10,", "and", "100", "hours,", "corresponding", "to", "sentence", "counts", "of", "about", "500,", "5k,", "and", "50k", "sentences." ]
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1798
[ "Here,", "we", "simulate", "the", "scenario", "with", "plenty", "of", "MT", "and", "speech", "data", "and", "limited", "ST", "triple-labeled", "data,", "and", "does", "ConST", "have", "the", "ability", "of", "low-resource", "learning?" ]
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1799
[ "The", "experiments", "in", "the", "main", "paper", "show", "that", "our", "model", "can", "perform", "well", "by", "introducing", "external", "MT", "data", "pre-training." ]
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