id
stringlengths 1
4
| tokens
sequence | ner_tags
sequence |
---|---|---|
1400 | [
"Detailed",
"hyperparameters",
"are",
"listed",
"in",
"Appendix",
"B."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1401 | [
"In",
"our",
"implementation,",
"we",
"use",
"BERTbase",
"(Devlin",
"et",
"al.,",
"2019)",
"and",
"RoBERTalarge",
"(Liu",
"et",
"al.,",
"2019)",
"as",
"our",
"backbone",
"encoder",
"for",
"TSAR,",
"with",
"global",
"and",
"local",
"encoders",
"sharing",
"parameters."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1402 | [
"5.2",
"Experiment",
"Setups",
"and",
"Metrics"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1403 | [
"The",
"detailed",
"data",
"statistics",
"of",
"RAMS",
"and",
"WikiEvents",
"datasets",
"are",
"shown",
"in",
"Table",
"1."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
13,
0,
13,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1404 | [
"We",
"follow",
"the",
"official",
"train/dev/test",
"split",
"for",
"RAMS",
"and",
"WikiEvents",
"datasets,",
"and",
"use",
"the",
"evaluation",
"script",
"provided",
"by",
"Ebner",
"et",
"al.",
"(2020)",
"to",
"evaluate",
"the",
"performance."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
13,
0,
13,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1405 | [
"WikiEvents",
"is",
"another",
"human-annotated",
"dataset,",
"with",
"50",
"event",
"types",
"and",
"59",
"event",
"argument",
"roles,",
"and",
"more",
"than",
"3.9k",
"events."
] | [
13,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1406 | [
"RAMS",
"contains",
"9,",
"124",
"human-annotated",
"examples,",
"with",
"139",
"event",
"types",
"and",
"65",
"kinds",
"of",
"argument",
"roles,",
"and",
"more",
"than",
"21k",
"arguments."
] | [
13,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1407 | [
"We",
"evaluate",
"our",
"model",
"on",
"two",
"public",
"documentlevel",
"event",
"argument",
"extraction",
"datasets,",
"RAMS",
"v1.0",
"(Ebner",
"et",
"al.,",
"2020)",
"and",
"WikiEvents",
"(Li",
"et",
"al.,",
"2021)."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
13,
14,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
13,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1408 | [
"5.1",
"Datasets"
] | [
0,
0
] |
1409 | [
"5",
"Experiments"
] | [
0,
0
] |
1410 | [
"with",
"the",
"final",
"loss",
"function",
"hyperparameter",
"λ."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3
] |
1411 | [
"j.",
"Finally,",
"we",
"train",
"the",
"model",
"in",
"an",
"end-to-end",
"way",
"Lb",
"with"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1412 | [
"where",
"yi:j",
"is",
"the",
"golden",
"argument",
"role,",
"and",
"P",
"(ri:j)",
"is",
"derived",
"by",
"a",
"feed-forward",
"network",
"based",
"on",
"Ii:"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1413 | [
"(cid:12)",
"(cid:12)",
"(cid:12)"
] | [
0,
0,
0
] |
1414 | [
"si:j"
] | [
0
] |
1415 | [
"3)",
"the",
"embedding",
"of",
"the",
"span",
"length",
"Elen;"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1416 | [
"ht",
"−",
"(cid:12)",
"si:j;",
"2)",
"the",
"emelement-wise",
"multiplication,",
"(cid:12)",
"(cid:12)e",
"bedding",
"of",
"the",
"event",
"type",
"Etype."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1417 | [
"Specifically,",
"we",
"concatenate",
"the",
"following",
"representations",
"to",
"obtain",
"the",
"final",
"prediction",
"vector",
"Ii:j:",
"1)",
"the",
"tright,",
"and",
"the",
"span",
"representation",
"ger",
"representation",
"si:j,",
"with",
"their",
"absolute",
"difference",
",",
"and",
"ht",
"⊙",
"e"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1418 | [
"Besides",
"the",
"span",
"representation",
"si:j,",
"we",
"also",
"consider",
"the",
"trigger,",
"event",
"type,",
"and",
"the",
"length",
"of",
"the",
"span."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1419 | [
"In",
"the",
"classification",
"module,",
"we",
"predict",
"what",
"argument",
"role",
"the",
"candidate",
"span",
"plays,",
"or",
"it",
"does",
"not",
"belong",
"to",
"any",
"specific",
"argument",
"roles."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1420 | [
"4.4",
"Classification",
"Module"
] | [
0,
0,
0
] |
1421 | [
"In",
"this",
"way,",
"we",
"introduce",
"an",
"explicit",
"supervision",
"signal",
"to",
"inject",
"boundary",
"information",
"of",
"the",
"start",
"and",
"end",
"representation",
"of",
"an",
"span,",
"which",
"is",
"shown",
"to",
"be",
"necessary",
"and",
"important",
"to",
"the",
"extraction",
"in",
"our",
"exploring",
"experiments."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1422 | [
"(cid:17)",
"(cid:17)",
"Finally,",
"the",
"boundary",
"loss",
"is",
"defined",
"as",
"the",
"following",
"cross-entropy",
"losses",
"of",
"detecting",
"the",
"start",
"and",
"end",
"position."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1423 | [
"e"
] | [
0
] |
1424 | [
"i",
"and",
"P",
"e",
"i",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1425 | [
"We",
"use",
"a",
"linear",
"transformation",
"followed",
"by",
"a",
"sigmoid",
"function,",
"to",
"derive",
"the",
"probability",
"of",
"the",
"word",
"wi",
"being",
"the",
"first",
"or",
"last",
"word",
"of",
"a",
"golden",
"argument",
"span,",
"i.e.,",
"P",
"s"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1426 | [
"In",
"detail,",
"we",
"predict",
"i",
"whether",
"the",
"word",
"wi",
"is",
"the",
"first",
"or",
"last",
"word",
"of",
"a",
"e",
"golden",
"argument",
"span",
"with",
"token-wise",
"classifiers."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1427 | [
"Since",
"we",
"extract",
"arguments",
"in",
"span",
"level,",
"whose",
"e",
"boundary",
"may",
"be",
"ambiguous,",
"we",
"introduce",
"an",
"auxiliary",
"boundary",
"loss",
"to",
"enhance",
"boundary",
"informahend",
"tion",
"for",
"the",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1428 | [
"e",
"ments,",
"so",
"we",
"adopt",
"this",
"simple",
"connection",
"paradigm."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1429 | [
"1We",
"find",
"more",
"elaborate",
"methods",
"yield",
"no",
"further",
"improve"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1430 | [
"hG",
"i",
"and"
] | [
0,
0,
0
] |
1431 | [
"i",
"+",
"W3",
"W2",
"and",
"W3,",
"gi",
"=",
"sigmoid(W2",
"hi:",
"Then",
"we",
"derive",
"the",
"fused",
"representations",
"e",
"e"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1432 | [
"hG",
"e",
"e",
"i",
"+",
"b)."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1433 | [
"Given",
"i",
",",
"we",
"calculate",
"the",
"gate",
"vector",
"gi",
"with",
"trainable",
"parameters",
"hL"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1434 | [
"i",
"In",
"detail,",
"we",
"use",
"a",
"gated",
"fusion",
"to",
"control",
"how",
"much",
"information",
"is",
"incorporated",
"from",
"the",
"twohL",
"stream",
"representations."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1435 | [
"In",
"this",
"way,",
"the",
"intersentential",
"information",
"can",
"flow",
"through",
"the",
"sentence",
"boundaries,",
"and",
"therefore",
"long-distance",
"dependency",
"can",
"also",
"be",
"better",
"captured."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1436 | [
"Then",
"similar",
"graph-based",
"interaction",
"methods",
"are",
"used",
"to",
"obtain",
"the",
"AMRhG",
"enhanced",
"global",
"representations",
"i",
",",
"but",
"based",
"on",
"global",
"AMR",
"graphs",
"instead."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1437 | [
"From",
"the",
"global",
"perspective,",
"we",
"first",
"construct",
"the",
"global",
"AMR",
"graphs",
"by",
"fully",
"connecting",
"the",
"root",
"nodes",
"of",
"AMR",
"graphs",
"of",
"different",
"sentences,",
"since",
"the",
"root",
"nodes",
"contain",
"the",
"core",
"semantics",
"according",
"to",
"the",
"AMR",
"core-semantic",
"principle",
"(Cai",
"and",
"Lam,",
"2019)",
"1."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1438 | [
")",
"refers",
"to",
"the",
"indication",
"function:",
"·"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1439 | [
"Finally,",
"we",
"concatenate",
"vectors",
"in",
"all"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1440 | [
";",
"hL",
"u",
"]",
"decomposed",
"into",
"the",
"local",
"representations",
"of",
"corresponding",
"words,",
"followed",
"by",
"token-wise",
"aggregation,",
"where",
"I("
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1441 | [
"Then",
"hu",
"is",
"u;",
".",
".",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1442 | [
"layers",
"and",
"derive",
"the",
"final",
"node",
"representation",
"by",
"hu",
"=",
"W1[h0",
"Rdm."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1443 | [
"Besides,",
"W",
"(l)",
"dm",
"is",
"a",
"trainable",
"parameter."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1444 | [
"(cid:17)",
"Nk(u)",
"where",
"denotes",
"the",
"neighbors",
"for",
"u",
"connected",
"with",
"k-th",
"relation",
"types",
"and",
"cu,k",
"is",
"a",
"normalization",
"constant."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1445 | [
"and"
] | [
0
] |
1446 | [
"He",
"was",
"then",
"arrested",
"in",
"Iran",
"and",
"was",
"reportedly",
"tried",
"for",
"treason",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1447 | [
"One",
"key",
"challenge",
"to",
"extract",
"arguments",
"from",
"the",
"document",
"is",
"to",
"capture",
"the",
"intra-sentential",
"and"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1448 | [
"i",
"4.2",
"AMR-Guided",
"Interaction",
"Module"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1449 | [
"Hence,",
"we",
"encode",
"the",
"document",
"with",
"two",
"different",
"streams,",
"a",
"global",
"encoder",
"EncoderG",
"and",
"a",
"local",
"encoder",
"EncoderL,",
"finally",
"deriving",
"two",
"representations,",
"ZG",
"and",
"ZL:"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1450 | [
"However,",
"in",
"the",
"local",
"encoder,",
"we",
"introduce",
"a",
"mask",
"matrix",
"M",
",",
"such",
"that",
"tokens",
"can",
"only",
"attend",
"to",
"the",
"sentence",
"itself",
"and",
"the",
"sentence",
"where",
"the",
"trigger",
"locates,",
"to",
"avoid",
"redundant",
"distracting",
"information:"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1451 | [
"In",
"the",
"global",
"encoder,",
"the",
"attention",
"technique",
"is",
"the",
"same",
"as",
"the",
"traditional",
"Transformer:"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1452 | [
"By",
"controlling",
"the",
"reception",
"field",
"of",
"the",
"words",
"in",
"the",
"self-attention",
"module",
",",
"we",
"can",
"encode",
"the",
"document",
"from",
"different",
"perspectives."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1453 | [
"Specifically,",
"the",
"global",
"and",
"local",
"encoders",
"share",
"the",
"same",
"Transformer-based",
"pre-trained",
"language",
"model",
"such",
"as",
"BERT."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1454 | [
"Therefore,",
"we",
"can",
"leverage",
"their",
"complementary",
"advantages",
"to",
"make",
"better",
"use",
"of",
"the",
"context",
"information."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1455 | [
"encoder",
"that",
"is",
"aware",
"of",
"all",
"context,",
"and",
"a",
"local",
"encoder",
"that",
"only",
"prudently",
"focuses",
"on",
"the",
"most",
"essential",
"information."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1456 | [
"The",
"corresponding",
"text",
"spans",
"for",
"nodes",
"are",
"omitted."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1457 | [
"For",
"initialization,",
"the",
"vector",
"representation",
"of",
"node",
"u",
"=",
"(au,",
"bu)",
"is",
"composed",
"by",
"averaging",
"the",
"local",
"representations",
"of",
"its",
"corresponding",
"text",
"span:"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1458 | [
"From",
"the",
"local",
"perspective,",
"we",
"construct",
"AMR",
"graphs",
"for",
"each",
"sentence",
"in",
"the",
"document,",
"and",
"they",
"are",
"isolated",
"from",
"each",
"other."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1459 | [
"We",
"use",
"the",
"AMR",
"graphs",
"as",
"skeletons",
"for",
"information",
"interactions,",
"under",
"a",
"composition,",
"interaction,",
"and",
"decomposition",
"paradigm."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1460 | [
"The",
"AMR-guided",
"interaction",
"module",
"is",
"attached",
"after",
"the",
"global",
"and",
"local",
"encoders",
"as",
"shown",
"in",
"Figure",
"2."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1461 | [
"More",
"details",
"can",
"be",
"found",
"in",
"Appendix",
"A."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1462 | [
"As",
"the",
"number",
"of",
"AMR",
"relation",
"types",
"is",
"large,",
"which",
"results",
"in",
"too",
"many",
"demanded",
"parameters,",
"we",
"also",
"follow",
"Zhang",
"and",
"Ji",
"(2021)",
"to",
"cluster",
"the",
"relation",
"types",
"into",
"main",
"categories."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1463 | [
"We",
"use",
"the",
"state-of-the-art",
"AMR",
"parser",
"Fernandez",
"Astudillo",
"et",
"al.",
"(2020),",
"which",
"achieves",
"satisfactory",
"results",
"(up",
"to",
"81.3",
"Smatch",
"on",
"AMR2.0",
"data)",
"for",
"downstream",
"application."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1464 | [
"As",
"event",
"arguments",
"play",
"essential",
"roles",
"in",
"the",
"text,",
"most",
"of",
"them",
"would",
"be",
"involved,",
"if",
"not",
"all,",
"in",
"the",
"AMR",
"graphs",
"(90%",
"and",
"88%",
"arguments",
"in",
"RAMS",
"and",
"WikiEvents",
"datasets)."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
13,
0,
13,
0
] |
1465 | [
"For",
"example,",
"Figure",
"3",
"demonstrates",
"how",
"a",
"sentence",
"is",
"parsed",
"into",
"an",
"AMR",
"semantic",
"graph."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1466 | [
"Thus,",
"AMR",
"focuses",
"on",
"semantic",
"relations",
"rather",
"than",
"syntactic",
"ones,",
"which",
"is",
"more",
"high-level",
"and",
"beneficial",
"to",
"event",
"understanding,",
"and",
"the",
"structures",
"are",
"more",
"close",
"to",
"the",
"event",
"trigger-arguments",
"structures."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1467 | [
"The",
"node",
"v",
"=",
"(a,",
"b)",
"V",
"represents",
"a",
"concept",
"that",
"corresponds",
"to",
"the",
"span",
"ranging",
"from",
"wa",
"to",
"wb",
"in",
"the",
"origin",
"sentence,",
"while",
"the",
"edge",
"represents",
"a",
"specific",
"AMR",
"relation",
"(detail",
"in",
"Appendix",
"A)."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1468 | [
"(V,",
"E)."
] | [
0,
0
] |
1469 | [
"Concretely,",
"with",
"an",
"AMR",
"parser,",
"a",
"natural",
"sentence",
"can",
"be",
"parsed",
"into",
"an",
"AMR",
"graph",
"G",
"="
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1470 | [
"AMR",
"semantic",
"graph",
"models",
"the",
"meaning",
"representations",
"of",
"a",
"sentence",
"as",
"a",
"rooted,",
"directed,",
"labeled",
"graph."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1471 | [
"Therefore,",
"we",
"propose",
"an",
"AMR-guided",
"interaction",
"module",
"that",
"adopts",
"Abstract",
"Meaning",
"Representation",
"(AMR,",
"Banarescu",
"et",
"al.,",
"2013)",
"graph",
"to",
"provide",
"rich",
"semantic",
"structure",
"to",
"facilitate",
"the",
"interactions",
"among",
"concepts,",
"which",
"also",
"offers",
"logical",
"meanings",
"of",
"the",
"document",
"from",
"a",
"linguistic-driven",
"perspective",
"to",
"benefit",
"the",
"language",
"understanding."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1472 | [
"S1"
] | [
0
] |
1473 | [
"To",
"capture",
"useful",
"information",
"and",
"filter",
"distracting",
"one,",
"we",
"propose",
"a",
"two-stream",
"encoding",
"module,",
"consisting",
"of",
"a",
"global"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1474 | [
"These",
"noise",
"signals",
"can",
"be",
"harmful",
"to",
"the",
"argument",
"extraction",
"as",
"shown",
"in",
"Figure",
"1."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1475 | [
"Although",
"more",
"context",
"is",
"provided",
"by",
"the",
"document,",
"it",
"also",
"inevitably",
"introduces",
"irrelevant",
"and",
"distracting",
"information",
"towards",
"the",
"event."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1476 | [
"4.1",
"Two-Stream",
"Encoding",
"Module"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1477 | [
"The",
"information",
"fusion",
"module",
"fuses",
"these",
"two-stream",
"representations,",
"and",
"the",
"classification",
"module",
"finally",
"predicts",
"argument",
"roles",
"for",
"candidate",
"spans."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1478 | [
"The",
"document",
"is",
"fed",
"into",
"the",
"twostream",
"encoding",
"module,",
"followed",
"by",
"the",
"AMRguided",
"interaction",
"module",
"to",
"derive",
"both",
"global",
"and",
"local",
"contextualized",
"representations."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1479 | [
"Figure",
"2",
"shows",
"the",
"overall",
"architecture",
"of",
"our",
"model",
"TSAR."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1
] |
1480 | [
"Then,",
"given",
"a",
"document",
"D",
"triggering",
"the",
"event",
"type",
"e",
"detect",
"all",
"(r,",
"s)",
"pairs",
"for",
"the",
"event,",
"where",
"r",
"is",
"an",
"argument",
"role",
"for",
"the",
"event",
"type",
"e,",
"and",
"s",
"is",
"a",
"contiguous",
"text",
"span",
"in",
"the",
"document."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1481 | [
",",
"and",
"SEN",
"(wi)"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1482 | [
"ing",
"argument",
"roles",
"set"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1483 | [
"We",
"and",
"the",
"correspondalso",
"define",
"the",
"event",
"types",
"set",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1484 | [
"[1,",
"N",
"]",
"refers",
"to",
"the",
"sentence",
"that",
"wi",
"belongs",
"to."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1485 | [
"We",
"consists",
"of",
"N",
"sentences,",
"define",
"that",
"a",
"document",
"D",
"and",
"a",
"sentence",
"is",
"comprised",
"of",
"a",
"sequence",
"of",
"words,",
"i.e.,",
"∈"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1486 | [
"Following",
"Ebner",
"et",
"al.",
"(2020),",
"we",
"formulate",
"doclevel",
"event",
"argument",
"extraction",
"as",
"follows."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
11,
12,
12,
12,
0,
0
] |
1487 | [
"3",
"Task",
"Formulation"
] | [
0,
0,
0
] |
1488 | [
"Instead,",
"TSAR",
"introduces",
"a",
"two-stream",
"encoding",
"module",
"and",
"AMR-guided",
"interactions",
"module",
"to",
"model",
"intra-sentential",
"and",
"inter-sentential",
"semantics,",
"along",
"with",
"an",
"auxiliary",
"boundary",
"loss",
"to",
"enhance",
"span",
"boundary",
"information."
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1489 | [
"As",
"a",
"span-based",
"method,",
"TSAR",
"is",
"different",
"from",
"prior",
"methods",
"that",
"simply",
"encode",
"it",
"as",
"a",
"long",
"sentence."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1490 | [
"Another",
"line",
"of",
"studies",
"reformulate",
"the",
"task",
"as",
"a",
"sequence-to-sequence",
"task",
"(Du",
"et",
"al.,",
"2021a,b;",
"Li",
"et",
"al.,",
"2021),",
"or",
"machine",
"reading",
"comprehension",
"task",
"(Wei",
"et",
"al.,",
"2021)."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1491 | [
"et",
"al.,",
"2021),",
"while",
"span-based",
"methods",
"predict",
"the",
"argument",
"role",
"for",
"candidate",
"text",
"spans",
"which",
"usually",
"have",
"a",
"maximum",
"length",
"limitation",
"(Ebner",
"et",
"al.,",
"2020;",
"Zhang",
"et",
"al.,",
"2020b)."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1492 | [
"For",
"conciseness,",
"we",
"assume",
"the",
"document",
"has",
"three",
"sentences,",
"S1,",
"S2,",
"S3,",
"and",
"the",
"event",
"is",
"triggered",
"by",
"y2",
"with",
"[z2,",
"z3]",
"being",
"a",
"candidate",
"argument",
"span."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1493 | [
"Finally,",
"the",
"classification",
"module",
"makes",
"predictions",
"for",
"candidate",
"spans."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1494 | [
"Next,",
"the",
"information",
"fusion",
"module",
"fuses",
"the",
"two-stream",
"representations,",
"and",
"also",
"strengthens",
"the",
"boundary",
"information",
"through",
"a",
"boundary",
"loss."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1495 | [
"Then",
"the",
"AMR-guided",
"interaction",
"module",
"constructs",
"global",
"AMR",
"graphs",
"and",
"local",
"ones",
"to",
"stimulate",
"the",
"interactions",
"among",
"concepts",
"in",
"the",
"document,",
"especially",
"those",
"far",
"away",
"from",
"each",
"other,",
"based",
"on",
"graph",
"neural",
"network."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1496 | [
"Firstly,",
"taking",
"an",
"entire",
"document",
"as",
"input,",
"TSAR",
"first",
"encodes",
"the",
"document",
"by",
"the",
"two-stream",
"encoding",
"module,",
"where",
"the",
"global",
"and",
"local",
"encoders",
"with",
"different",
"attention",
"reception",
"fields",
"are",
"used",
"to",
"capture",
"the",
"context",
"in",
"different",
"scopes."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1497 | [
"Figure",
"2:",
"Overview",
"of",
"our",
"TSAR."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
1498 | [
"5027"
] | [
0
] |
1499 | [
"Tagging-based",
"methods",
"directly",
"conduct",
"sequence",
"labeling",
"for",
"each",
"token",
"in",
"the",
"document",
"with",
"BIO-schema",
"(Du",
"and",
"Cardie,",
"2020a;",
"Veyseh"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |