The Superior Court of California, County of San Luis Obispo, also known as the San Luis Obispo County Superior Court or  San Luis Obispo Superior Court, is the branch of the California superior court with jurisdiction over San Luis Obispo County.
 San Luis Obispo County was one of the original counties formed when California assumed statehood in 1850. 
 In the election of April 14, 1850, J. Mariano Bonilla was elected County Judge and Joseph Warren and Jesus Luna were elected Justices of the Peace; collectively, the three were the members of the Court of Sessions. Warren resigned his position in November and Louis Raggio was appointed as his replacement. Early records, including court proceedings, were kept in Spanish.: 131  At the time, the Court of Sessions functioned as both the judicial and executive branches of the county government, controlling administrative and financial duties; the county Board of Supervisors system was implemented in 1852 to take over the executive role.: 129 
 The city of San Luis Obispo was not planned and surveyed until William Hutton was granted a license to do so by the Court of Sessions in August 1850.: 132  The justices of the Court of Sessions were Jesus Luna, Mariano G. Lascano, and Luis Raggio in January 1851, when they were required to post a US$1,000 bond.: 133 
 In addition to the Court of Sessions, the Second Judicial District consisted of the counties of San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara. The first judge of the Second District was Henry A. Tefft, who was elected in 1850 and held the office until he drowned in the harbor of San Luis Obispo on February 6, 1852, after returning from a session of the court held in Santa Barbara. Joaquin Carrillo, then serving as the County Judge of Santa Barbara County, was appointed as his replacement.: 133  Judge Carrillo served until 1863, when San Luis Obispo County was incorporated into the First Judicial District and Pablo de la Guerra was elected and served until he resigned in 1873.: 286  Judge de la Guerra was succeeded by Judge Walter Murray, who served until his death in 1875, and was succeeded in turn by Judge Eugene Fawcett, who served until the new constitution rearranged the judicial system in 1879.: 286–288 
 The first county courthouse was authorized by issuing US$42,000 (equivalent to $1,030,000 in 2022) of bonds in October 1872.: 185  It replaced a building which the District Attorney called "a marvel of repulsiveness, and the courtroom with its wretched appointment a disgrace to the county".
 With the adoption of a new state constitution in 1879, the Superior Court system was established and Louis McMurtry was elected the first Superior Court judge.: 162  After Judge McMurtry died in February 1883, D.S. Gregory was appointed by Governor George Stoneman, Jr.: 165 
 In 1940, a replacement courthouse was constructed in front of the old courthouse, and the 1873 courthouse was demolished. The 1940 courthouse was designed by A.R. Walker and P.A. Eisen as a Works Progress Administration project. It was refurbished in 1996 and a modern annex was added.
 In addition to the main county courthouse in San Luis Obispo, court operations are conducted at a southern branch in Grover Beach and a northern branch in Paso Robles. Juvenile justice is handled at a separate facility in San Luis Obispo.
 The Grover Beach branch was closed indefinitely starting in January 2012 due to budget cuts. Both the Grover Beach and Paso Robles branches were closed in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic in California, starting in March 2020.