Argentina competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. This was the nation's twenty-fourth appearance at the Summer Olympic Games, having missed only three editions since their 1900 debut: the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm and the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of its support for the United States-led boycott. The Argentine Olympic Committee (Spanish: Comité Olímpico Argentino) sent the nation's largest ever delegation to the Games in Olympic history, surpassing the record set in London 1948.
 On 6 August, judoka Paula Pareto claimed the gold in the women's 48 kg, becoming the first Argentine woman to become an Olympic champion.
 The following Argentine competitors won medals at the games. In the by discipline sections below, medalists' names are bolded.
 The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games. Note that reserves in fencing, field hockey, football, and handball are not counted as athletes:
  
 Argentine athletes have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event):
 Argentina's men's basketball team qualified for the Olympics by attaining a top two finish towards the final match of the 2015 FIBA Americas Championship in Mexico City.
 The following is the Argentina roster in the men's basketball tournament of the 2016 Summer Olympics.
 Argentina has entered five boxers to compete in each of the following weight classes into the Olympic boxing tournament. Fernando Martínez, Ignacio Perrin, Alberto Palmetta, and 2012 Olympians Alberto Melián and Yamil Peralta had claimed their Olympic spots at the 2016 American Qualification Tournament in Buenos Aires. Leandro Blanc rounded out the Argentine roster with his box-off victory at the 2016 APB and WSB Olympic Qualifier in Vargas, Venezuela.
 Argentina has qualified one boat in the men's slalom C-1 for the Games, as the International Canoe Federation accepted the nation's request to claim a spare berth freed by the United States. The slot was awarded to London 2012 Olympian Sebastián Rossi, who finished fourth at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto.
 Argentine canoeists have qualified one boat in each of the following events through the 2015 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships.
 Qualification Legend: FA = Qualify to final (medal); FB = Qualify to final B (non-medal)
 Argentine riders qualified for a maximum of three quota places in the men's Olympic road race by virtue of their top 5 national ranking in the 2015 UCI America Tour.
 Argentina has qualified one mountain biker for the men's Olympic cross-country race, as a result of his nation's sixteenth-place finish in the UCI Olympic Ranking List of 25 May 2016.
 Argentine riders qualified for one men's and one women's quota place for BMX at the Olympics, as a result of the nation's eighth-place finish for men in the UCI Olympic Ranking List and top three for women in the UCI BMX Individual Ranking List of 31 May 2016.
 Argentina has entered a squad of four riders in the team jumping competition by virtue a top two national finish at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Canada.
 "#" indicates that the score of this rider does not count in the team competition, since only the best three results of a team are counted.
 Argentina has entered one fencer into the Olympic competition. London 2012 Olympian María Belén Pérez Maurice had claimed the Olympic spot in the women's sabre as one of the two highest-ranked fencers coming from the America zone in the FIE Adjusted Official Rankings.
 Argentina's men's field hockey team qualified for the Olympics by having achieved a top three finish at the 2014–15 Men's FIH Hockey World League Semifinals.
 The following is the Argentina roster in the men's field hockey tournament of the 2016 Summer Olympics.
 Head coach: Carlos Retegui
 Reserves:
 Argentina's women's field hockey team qualified for the Olympics by having achieved a top four finish at the 2014–15 Women's FIH Hockey World League Semifinals.
 The following is the Argentina roster in the women's field hockey tournament of the 2016 Summer Olympics.
 Head coach: Gabriel Minadeo
 Reserves:
 Argentina's men's football team qualified for the Olympics after sealing their triumph at the 2015 South American Youth Championship in Uruguay.
 The following is the Argentina squad in the men's football tournament of the 2016 Summer Olympics. The team of 18 players was officially named on 6 July and confirmed on 14 July. On 26 July, Manuel Lanzini left the squad due to injury and was replaced by Cristian Pavón.
 Head coach: Julio Olarticoechea

 * Over-aged player.
 Argentina has entered two golfers into the Olympic tournament. Emiliano Grillo (world no. 44) and Fabián Gómez (world no. 73) qualified directly among the top 60 eligible players for the men's event based on the IGF World Rankings as of 11 July 2016.
 Argentina has entered two artistic gymnasts into the Olympic competition. Ailen Valente claimed her Olympic spot in the women's apparatus and all-around events at the Olympic Test Event in Rio de Janeiro. Meanwhile, Nicolás Córdoba received a spare Olympic berth freed up by Portugal's Gustavo Simões, who withdrew from the Games due to a severe fracture in his left foot, to compete in the men's events.
 Argentina's men's handball team qualified for the Olympics, after securing a spot in the gold medal match and having attained an automatic berth by virtue of Olympic host nation Brazil's win in the other semifinal at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Canada.
 The following is the Argentine roster in the men's handball tournament of the 2016 Summer Olympics.
 Head coach: Eduardo Gallardo
 Argentina's women's handball team qualified for the Olympics, after securing a spot in the gold medal match and having attained an automatic berth by virtue of Olympic host nation Brazil's win in the other semifinal at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Canada.
 The following is the Argentine roster in the women's handball tournament of the 2016 Summer Olympics.
 Head coach: Eduardo Peruchena
 Argentina has qualified two judokas for each of the following weight classes at the Games. Remarkably going to her third Olympics, Beijing 2008 bronze medalist Paula Pareto was ranked among the top 14 eligible judokas for women in the IJF World Ranking List of 30 May 2016, while Emmanuel Lucenti at men's half-middleweight (81 kg) earned a continental quota spot from the Pan American region as the highest-ranked Argentine judoka outside of direct qualifying position.
 Argentine athletes have qualified for the following spots to compete in modern pentathlon, signifying the nation's Olympic return to the sport for the first time since 1960. Emmanuel Zapata secured a selection in the men's event after obtaining a top finish for South America and one of the five Olympic slots from the Pan American Games. Meanwhile, Zapata's Ukrainian-born wife and London 2012 Olympian Iryna Khokhlova was ranked among the top 10 modern pentathletes, not yet qualified, in their respective events based on the UIPM World Rankings as of 1 June 2016.
 Argentina has qualified one boat each in the men's and women's single sculls for the Games at the 2015 Latin American Continental Qualification Regatta in Valparaíso, Chile.
 Qualification Legend: FA=Final A (medal); FB=Final B (non-medal); FC=Final C (non-medal); FD=Final D (non-medal); FE=Final E (non-medal); FF=Final F (non-medal); SA/B=Semifinals A/B; SC/D=Semifinals C/D; SE/F=Semifinals E/F; QF=Quarterfinals; R=Repechage
 Argentina's men's rugby sevens team qualified for the Olympics after sealing triumph at the 2015 CONSUR Sevens in Santa Fe, Argentina.
 The following is the South Africa roster in the men's rugby sevens tournament of the 2016 Summer Olympics.
 Head coach: Neil Powell
 Argentine sailors have qualified one boat in each of the following classes through the 2014 ISAF Sailing World Championships, the individual fleet Worlds, and South American qualifying regattas.
 The entire Argentine sailing squad for the Olympics was named on 1 April 2016, including London 2012 bronze medal duo Lucas Calabrese and Juan de la Fuente, and three-time medalist Santiago Lange, who eventually joined his sons and skiff crew Yago and Klaus Lange to confirm his sixth Olympic appearance.
 M = Medal race; EL = Eliminated – did not advance into the medal race
 Argentine shooters have achieved quota places for the following events by virtue of their best finishes at the 2015 Pan American Games and the 2015 ISSF World Cup series, as long as they obtained a minimum qualifying score (MQS) by 31 March 2016. Five of them had been selected for the Olympic team at the end of the qualifying period, with rifle shooter Amelia Fournel aiming to appear at her third Olympics after a 16-year hiatus.
 Qualification Legend: Q = Qualify for the next round; q = Qualify for the bronze medal (shotgun)
 Argentine swimmers have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following events (up to a maximum of 2 swimmers in each event at the Olympic Qualifying Time (OQT), and potentially 1 at the Olympic Selection Time (OST)):
 Argentina has fielded a squad of two synchronized swimmers to compete only in the women's duet by picking up one of four spare berths freed by the continental selection for being the next highest ranking nation at the FINA Olympic test event in Rio de Janeiro.
 Argentina has entered six tennis players into the Olympic tournament. London 2012 bronze medalist Juan Martín del Potro (world no. 223), Federico Delbonis (world no. 35), Guido Pella (world no. 50), and Juan Mónaco (world no. 94) qualified directly for the men's singles, as four of the top 56 eligible players in the ATP World Rankings as of 6 June 2016.
 Having been directly entered to the singles, del Potro and Delbonis also opted to play with their partners Guillermo Durán and Máximo González, respectively, in the men's doubles.
 Argentina has qualified two triathletes for the following events at the Olympics. Luciano Taccone and London 2012 Olympian Gonzalo Tellechea were ranked among the top 40 eligible triathletes in the men's event based on the ITU Olympic Qualification List as of 15 May 2016.
 Argentina's women's beach volleyball team qualified directly for the Olympics by virtue of their nation's top 15 placement in the FIVB Olympic Rankings as of 13 June 2016. The place was awarded to London 2012 Olympian Ana Gallay and her rookie partner Georgina Klug.
 Argentina's men's volleyball team qualified for the Olympics by virtue of a top finish and gaining an outright berth at the South American Continental Qualifier in Maiquetía, Venezuela.
 The following is the Argentine roster in the men's volleyball tournament of the 2016 Summer Olympics.
 Head coach: Julio Velasco
 Argentina's women's volleyball team qualified for the Olympics by virtue of a top finish and gaining an outright berth at the South American Continental Qualifier in Bariloche, Argentina.
 The following is the Argentine roster in the women's volleyball tournament of the 2016 Summer Olympics.
 Head coach: Guillermo Orduna
 Argentina has received an unused quota place from IWF to send a female weightlifter to the Olympics.
 Argentina has qualified one wrestler for the women's freestyle 48 kg into the Olympic competition, as a result of her semifinal triumph at the 2016 Pan American Qualification Tournament.