The Nobel Prize (Swedish: Nobelpriset) is a set of five different prizes that, according to its benefactor Alfred Nobel, in his 1895 will, must be awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind”. The five prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.
 Since 1901, the year wherein the awarding of the prizes began, a number of women have been considered and nominated carefully in each field. The first woman to win a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel. Curie is also the only woman to have won multiple Nobel Prizes; in 1911, she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Curie's daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935, making the two the only mother-daughter pair to have won Nobel Prizes. Of the currently revealved female nominees both in physics and chemistry, the notable scientists Henrietta Swan Leavitt, Astrid Cleve, Harriet Brooks, Alice Ball, Mileva Marić, Inge Lehmann, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Leona Woods, Helen Parsons, and Jocelyn Bell Burnell were not included. 
 In 1922, Cécile Vogt-Mugnier became the first woman nominated for prize in physiology or medicine but never won. She was followed by Maud Slye who was nominated in the year 1923, but again never won. Only in 1947, that the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was finally awarded to a woman, Gerty Cori, sharing with her husband Carl Ferdinand Cori. Of the 13 currently revealed female nominees, the physiologists Frieda Robscheit-Robbins, Rosalind Franklin, Miriam Michael Stimson and Virginia Apgar were not included. 
 The most number of female nominees was in the field of literature. The first woman to be nominated was the German memoirist Malwida von Meysenbug for the year 1901. She was nominated by the French historian Gabriel Monod but unfortunately did not win the prize. Her nomination was followed by Émilie Lerou and Selma Lagerlöf for the year 1904. Lagerlöf would later on become the first woman to win the prize in the year 1909. Of the 75 currently revealed female nominees for the literature category, the celebrated authors Kate Chopin, Alfonsina Storni, Virginia Woolf, Simone Weil, Edith Nesbit, Delmira Agustini, Willa Cather, Gertrude Stein, Edith Hamilton, Marina Tsvetaeva, Zora Neale Hurston, Fannie Hurst, Flannery O'Connor and Agatha Christie were not included.
 The first women nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize were Belva Ann Lockwood and Bertha von Suttner, who would eventually be awarded in 1905. The latter was considered for authoring Lay Down Your Arms! and contributing to the creation of the Prize. Of the 57 currently revealed female nominees, the famous Susan B. Anthony, Florence Nightingale, Clara Barton, Harriet Tubman, Mary Harris Jones, Olive Schreiner, Aletta Jacobs, Emmeline Pankhurst, Ida B. Wells, Käthe Kollwitz, Muriel Lester, Katharine Drexel, Helene Schweitzer, Marie Stopes, Vera Brittain, Ava Helen Pauling, Rachel Carson and Rosa Parks were not included.
 Starting from 1902 to 1970, 10 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics and three of the nominees were subsequently awarded. 
 Starting 1911 to 1970, 15 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and 3 of these nominees were subsequently awarded. 
 Starting from 1922 to 1953, 13 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and one of the nominees was subsequently awarded.
 From 1901 to 1972, 75 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature and 8 of these nominees were subsequently awarded.
 From 1901 to 1973, 57 women have been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize and five of these nominees were subsequently awarded. Currently, the Nobel archives has revealed nominations from 1901 to 1973, the other enlisted women were verified nominations based on public and private news agencies. 
 From 1969 to 1971, 3 women have been nominated for the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences but none of them were subsequently awarded.