James Emory Garrison (March 3, 1934 – April 7, 1976) was an American jazz double bassist. He is best remembered for his association with John Coltrane from 1961 to 1967.
 Garrison was born in Miami, Florida and moved to Philadelphia when he was 10, where he learned to play bass during his senior year of high school. Garrison came of age in the 1950s Philadelphia jazz scene, which included fellow bassists Reggie Workman and Henry Grimes, pianist McCoy Tyner and trumpeter Lee Morgan. Between 1957 and 1962, Garrison played and recorded with trumpeter Kenny Dorham; clarinetist Tony Scott; drummer Philly Joe Jones; and saxophonists Bill Barron (musician), Lee Konitz, and Jackie McLean, as well as Curtis Fuller, Benny Golson, Lennie Tristano, and Pharoah Sanders, among others.  In 1961, he recorded with Ornette Coleman, appearing on Coleman's albums Ornette on Tenor and The Art of the Improvisers.  He also worked with Walter Bishop, Jr. and Cal Massey during the early years of his career.
 He formally joined Coltrane's quartet in 1962, replacing Workman. The long trio blues "Chasin' the Trane" is one of his first recorded performances with Coltrane and Elvin Jones. Garrison performed on many Coltrane recordings, including A Love Supreme. After John Coltrane's death, Garrison worked and recorded with Alice Coltrane, Hampton Hawes, Archie Shepp, Clifford Thornton and groups led by Elvin Jones.
 Garrison also worked with Ornette Coleman during the 1960s, first recording with him in 1961 on Ornette on Tenor.  He and Elvin Jones recorded with Coleman in 1968, and have been credited with eliciting more forceful playing than usual from Coleman on the albums New York Is Now! and Love Call.
 In 1971 and 1972, Garrison taught as a Visiting Artist at Wesleyan University and Bennington College.
 Garrison had four daughters and a son. With his first wife Robbie he had three daughters, Robin, Lori and Italy based jazz vocalist Joy Garrison. With his second wife, dancer and choreographer Roberta Escamilla Garrison, he had Maia Claire, and jazz bassist Matt Garrison.
 Jimmy Garrison died of lung cancer on April 7, 1976.
 Garrison was known for his inventive and melodic basslines, often using broken time and avoiding straight quarter notes as in a traditional walking bassline, to suggest the time and pulse rather than to outright play it. He was also known for his frequent use of double stops, and for strumming the strings of the bass with his thumb. Garrison would often play unaccompanied improvised solos, sometimes as song introductions prior to the other musicians joining in, and occasionally used a bow. Garrison had a uniquely heavy and powerful gut string tone.
 With Lorez Alexandria
 With Bill Barron
 With Walter Bishop Jr. 
 With Benny Carter
 With Ornette Coleman
 With Alice Coltrane
 With John Coltrane
 With Ted Curson
 With Nathan Davis
 With Bill Dixon
 With Kenny Dorham
 With Curtis Fuller
 With Beaver Harris
 With Elvin Jones
 With Philly Joe Jones
 With Lee Konitz
 With Rolf Kühn and Joachim Kühn
 With Cal Massey
 With Jackie McLean
 With J. R. Monterose
 With Robert Pozar
 With Sonny Rollins
 With Tony Scott
 With Archie Shepp
 With Clifford Thornton
 With McCoy Tyner