The electoral district of Brunswick is an electorate of the Victorian Legislative Assembly. It covers an area of 14 square kilometres (5.4 sq mi) in inner northern Melbourne, and includes the suburbs of Brunswick, Brunswick East, Carlton North, Fitzroy North, Princes Hill and parts of Brunswick West. It lies within the Northern Metropolitan Region of the upper house, the Legislative Council.
 Historically a very safe seat for the Labor Party, Brunswick has in recent elections seen an increase in support for the Greens, who won the seat in 2018 and retained it at the 2022 election.
 The seat has had three periods of existence. The seat was first formed in 1904 and abolished in 1955, recreated in 1976 and abolished again in 1992, and again re-established in 2002. It has always been held for Labor, apart from two months in 1955 when incumbent MP Peter Randles defected to the Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist) in the Australian Labor Party split of 1955.
 Brunswick was first won in 1904 by Labor candidate Frank Anstey. Anstey resigned to enter federal politics in 1910, forcing a by-election which was won by former Brunswick mayor James Jewell. Jewell was member for Brunswick for 39 years, and served for 25 years as either Government or Opposition Whip. Jewell died in office in 1949, necessitating a by-election, which was won for Labor by Peter Randles. Randles resigned from the Labor Party and joined the new Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist) in the 1955 Labor split, but Brunswick was abolished that year and he contested and lost the new seat of Brunswick West.
 The Brunswick seat was re-established in 1976, and was won by Tom Roper, the Labor member for abolished Brunswick West, who would hold it until it was abolished again in 1992. Roper held a number of prominent ministries in the Cain government, including Minister for Health (1982–1985), Minister for Transport (1985–1987) and Minister for Planning and Environment (1987–1990), and was then promoted to Treasurer in the Kirner Ministry (1990–1992). Upon the abolition of Brunswick, Roper contested and won the adjacent seat of Coburg at the 1992 election.
 In 2002, Brunswick was re-created for a third time, and was won by Carlo Carli, who had succeeded Roper as member for Coburg; Carli represented Brunswick until his retirement at the 2010 state election. City of Yarra mayor Jane Garrett held the seat for Labor despite a high-profile campaign by the Victorian Greens, who received a significant swing in their favour. Garrett retained the seat in 2014 in the face of a similarly strong campaign. Labor won government under Daniel Andrews at the 2014 election, and Garrett was promoted into the new Andrews Ministry as Minister for Consumer Affairs, Gaming and Liquor Regulation and Minister for Emergency Services.
 In 2018, Garrett decided to contest the State Legislative Council, leaving the seat open. Greens candidate Tim Read won the election after failing to win in 2014. This was the first time that the party held the seat, with a post election margin of 0.6%. This margin was increased to 13.5% in the 2022 election, making it the safest Greens-held seat at either state or federal level in Australia.