Taipei Economic and Cultural  Office in Peru represents the interests of Taiwan in Peru, acting as a de facto embassy in the absence of diplomatic relations. The office is also accredited in Bolivia.
 The office is responsible for promoting bilateral relations between Taiwan and Peru at various levels, as well as handling consular-related businesses and providing services for overseas Chinese and emergency assistance for foreigners.
 The representative office of the Peruvian government in Taiwan is the Commercial Office of Peru to Taipei.
 Peru established relations with the Qing dynasty with the signing of a treaty in Tianjin on June 26, 1874. Peru's first Resident Ambassador was named the next year, assuming his duties on May 20, 1878, while the Chinese ambassador would only reach Peru in 1883, after the War of the Pacific. In 1946, the Chinese mission's address was Jr. Ocoña 215 located at the Historic Centre of Lima.
 Then Chinese ambassador Liu Tsung-han made his last public appearance on November 1, 1971. The Central Chinese Welfare Society (Spanish: Sociedad Central de Beneficencia China) had organized a celebration honouring the 85th birthday of Chiang Kai-shek, with one hundred Chinese immigrants attending the party. By this point, the imminent recognition of the Beijing government by the military government of Juan Velasco Alvarado was well known, which caused a somber mood for those present.
 The official announcement of Peru's recognition of the People's Republic of China instead of the Republic of China was issued via a memo made public on November 2, 1971. In response, the Kuomintang ambassador left for Jorge Chávez International Airport on November 4, making a speech before departing to a crowd of several pro-Kuomintang Chinese denouncing the memo and announcing the cessation of diplomatic relations between both countries on the same day.
 Following Tsung-han's departure, other members of the diplomatic staff also left for Taiwan. On December 14, the Kuomintang's emblem was removed from the embassy, then located on the 5th floor of Jr. Pablo Bermúdez 177, and a group composed of Consul General Ding Zhan'ao and secretaries Cai Shuiliang and Wu Jixiong left for Taiwan on January 1, 1972. On the same day, Chinese associations in Lima celebrated the founding of the Republic of China, then still popular among the Chinese colony in Lima.
 The new embassy of the Beijing government would later open in February 1972.
 In 1978, the Republic of China established the Far East Trade Center in Peru (Chinese: 駐秘魯遠東貿易中心; pinyin: Zhù bìlǔ yuǎndōng màoyì zhōngxīn; Spanish: Centro Comercial del Lejano Oriente) in Lima.  A former location was located at Av. Benavides 1780.
 President Alberto Fujimori approved Supreme Executive Order No. RE014, agreeing to change the name of "Far East Trade Center" to "Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Peru". On March 3, 1994, Peru established a "Taipei Trade Office" in Taiwan.
 The Representative of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Peru functions as a de facto representative of the Republic of China to Peru, with the office being described at times as an embassy and the representative being described at times as an ambassador, both by government and local media sources.