gonglinyuan/CoSQA huggingface dataset:
Query: python get hash of file filestorage

def get_hash(self, handle):
        """Return the hash."""
        fpath = self._fpath_from_handle(handle)
        return DiskStorageBroker.hasher(fpath)
Query: deleting keys in python dictionaries

def rm_keys_from_dict(d, keys):
    """
    Given a dictionary and a key list, remove any data in the dictionary with the given keys.

    :param dict d: Metadata
    :param list keys: Keys to be removed
    :return dict d: Metadata
    """
    # Loop for each key given
    for key in keys:
        # Is the key in the dictionary?
        if key in d:
            try:
                d.pop(key, None)
            except KeyError:
                # Not concerned with an error. Keep going.
                pass
    return d
Query: python get index of lowest value in list

def find_le(a, x):
    """Find rightmost value less than or equal to x."""
    i = bs.bisect_right(a, x)
    if i: return i - 1
    raise ValueError
Query: python get instance property by name

def get_property_by_name(pif, name):
    """Get a property by name"""
    return next((x for x in pif.properties if x.name == name), None)
Query: detect any key press python

def on_press_key(key, callback, suppress=False):
    """
    Invokes `callback` for KEY_DOWN event related to the given key. For details see `hook`.
    """
    return hook_key(key, lambda e: e.event_type == KEY_UP or callback(e), suppress=suppress)
Query: python get item at an index

def __getitem__(self, index):
    """Get the item at the given index.

    Index is a tuple of (row, col)
    """
    row, col = index
    return self.rows[row][col]
Query: determine probability distribution of data python

def pdf(x, mu, std):
    """Probability density function (normal distribution)"""
    return (1.0 / (std * sqrt(2 * pi))) * np.exp(-(x - mu) ** 2 / (2 * std ** 2))
Query: python get last file modified

def get_mtime(fname):
        """
        Find the time this file was last modified.

        :param fname: File name
        :return: The last time the file was modified.
        """
        try:
            mtime = os.stat(fname).st_mtime_ns
        except OSError:
            # The file might be right in the middle of being written
            # so sleep
            time.sleep(1)
            mtime = os.stat(fname).st_mtime_ns

        return mtime
Query: determine variable value multi value regression python

def linregress(x, y, return_stats=False):
    """linear regression calculation

    Parameters
    ----
    x :         independent variable (series)
    y :         dependent variable (series)
    return_stats : returns statistical values as well if required (bool)
    

    Returns
    ----
    list of parameters (and statistics)
    """
    a1, a0, r_value, p_value, stderr = scipy.stats.linregress(x, y)

    retval = a1, a0
    if return_stats:
        retval += r_value, p_value, stderr

    return retval
Query: python get last line of varable

def _get_current_label(self):
        """Get the label from the last line read"""
        if len(self._last) == 0:
            raise StopIteration
        return self._last[:self._last.find(":")]
Query: determining if something is a callable python

def is_function(self):
        """return True if callback is a vanilla plain jane function"""
        if self.is_instance() or self.is_class(): return False
        return isinstance(self.callback, (Callable, classmethod))
Query: python get last modification time of a file

def get_time(filename):
	"""
	Get the modified time for a file as a datetime instance
	"""
	ts = os.stat(filename).st_mtime
	return datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(ts)
Query: determining time complexity in python

def estimate_complexity(self, x,y,z,n):
        """ 
        calculates a rough guess of runtime based on product of parameters 
        """
        num_calculations = x * y * z * n
        run_time = num_calculations / 100000  # a 2014 PC does about 100k calcs in a second (guess based on prior logs)
        return self.show_time_as_short_string(run_time)
Query: python get last modified directory

def dir_modtime(dpath):
    """
    Returns the latest modification time of all files/subdirectories in a
    directory
    """
    return max(os.path.getmtime(d) for d, _, _ in os.walk(dpath))
Query: devide elements in a list by a number python

def splitBy(data, num):
    """ Turn a list to list of list """
    return [data[i:i + num] for i in range(0, len(data), num)]
Query: python get last month datetime

def last_day(year=_year, month=_month):
    """
    get the current month's last day
    :param year:  default to current year
    :param month:  default to current month
    :return: month's last day
    """
    last_day = calendar.monthrange(year, month)[1]
    return datetime.date(year=year, month=month, day=last_day)
Query: different dtypes in array python

def dict_to_numpy_array(d):
    """
    Convert a dict of 1d array to a numpy recarray
    """
    return fromarrays(d.values(), np.dtype([(str(k), v.dtype) for k, v in d.items()]))
Query: differentiation between name and entity using python

def get_entity_kind(self, model_obj):
        """
        Returns a tuple for a kind name and kind display name of an entity.
        By default, uses the app_label and model of the model object's content
        type as the kind.
        """
        model_obj_ctype = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(self.queryset.model)
        return (u'{0}.{1}'.format(model_obj_ctype.app_label, model_obj_ctype.model), u'{0}'.format(model_obj_ctype))
Query: python get list of dictionary keys sorted by value

def unique_list_dicts(dlist, key):
    """Return a list of dictionaries which are sorted for only unique entries.

    :param dlist:
    :param key:
    :return list:
    """

    return list(dict((val[key], val) for val in dlist).values())
Query: differnce between read, readline, in python

def get_known_read_position(fp, buffered=True):
    """ 
    Return a position in a file which is known to be read & handled.
    It assumes a buffered file and streaming processing. 
    """
    buffer_size = io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE if buffered else 0
    return max(fp.tell() - buffer_size, 0)
Query: python get list of prime factors

def getPrimeFactors(n):
    """
    Get all the prime factor of given integer
    @param n integer
    @return list [1, ..., n]
    """
    lo = [1]
    n2 = n // 2
    k = 2
    for k in range(2, n2 + 1):
        if (n // k)*k == n:
            lo.append(k)
    return lo + [n, ]
Query: dimension a tensor in python

def unfolding(tens, i):
    """Compute the i-th unfolding of a tensor."""
    return reshape(tens.full(), (np.prod(tens.n[0:(i+1)]), -1))
Query: disable python requests logging

def should_skip_logging(func):
    """
    Should we skip logging for this handler?

    """
    disabled = strtobool(request.headers.get("x-request-nolog", "false"))
    return disabled or getattr(func, SKIP_LOGGING, False)
Query: disable ssl certificate check python

def disable_cert_validation():
    """Context manager to temporarily disable certificate validation in the standard SSL
    library.

    Note: This should not be used in production code but is sometimes useful for
    troubleshooting certificate validation issues.

    By design, the standard SSL library does not provide a way to disable verification
    of the server side certificate. However, a patch to disable validation is described
    by the library developers. This context manager allows applying the patch for
    specific sections of code.

    """
    current_context = ssl._create_default_https_context
    ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
    try:
        yield
    finally:
        ssl._create_default_https_context = current_context
Query: python get memory usage of a process on windows

def get_memory_usage():
    """Gets RAM memory usage

    :return: MB of memory used by this process
    """
    process = psutil.Process(os.getpid())
    mem = process.memory_info().rss
    return mem / (1024 * 1024)
Query: disable xaxis tickmarks python

def clear_matplotlib_ticks(self, axis="both"):
        """Clears the default matplotlib ticks."""
        ax = self.get_axes()
        plotting.clear_matplotlib_ticks(ax=ax, axis=axis)
Query: python get method name as string

def get_method_name(method):
    """
    Returns given method name.

    :param method: Method to retrieve the name.
    :type method: object
    :return: Method name.
    :rtype: unicode
    """

    name = get_object_name(method)
    if name.startswith("__") and not name.endswith("__"):
        name = "_{0}{1}".format(get_object_name(method.im_class), name)
    return name
Query: discarding owned python object not allowed without gil

def _take_ownership(self):
        """Make the Python instance take ownership of the GIBaseInfo. i.e.
        unref if the python instance gets gc'ed.
        """

        if self:
            ptr = cast(self.value, GIBaseInfo)
            _UnrefFinalizer.track(self, ptr)
            self.__owns = True
Query: python get most recent file containing string

def newest_file(file_iterable):
  """
  Returns the name of the newest file given an iterable of file names.

  """
  return max(file_iterable, key=lambda fname: os.path.getmtime(fname))
Query: discord bot python delete message

async def delete(self):
        """
        Delete this message

        :return: bool
        """
        return await self.bot.delete_message(self.chat.id, self.message_id)
Query: python get name for a month

def get_month_namedays(self, month=None):
        """Return names as a tuple based on given month.
        If no month given, use current one"""
        if month is None:
            month = datetime.now().month
        return self.NAMEDAYS[month-1]
Query: display root folder name in python

def get_system_root_directory():
    """
    Get system root directory (application installed root directory)

    Returns
    -------
    string
        A full path

    """
    root = os.path.dirname(__file__)
    root = os.path.dirname(root)
    root = os.path.abspath(root)
    return root
Query: python get notification of clipboard paste

def yank(event):
    """
    Paste before cursor.
    """
    event.current_buffer.paste_clipboard_data(
        event.cli.clipboard.get_data(), count=event.arg, paste_mode=PasteMode.EMACS)
Query: divide data into equal segments in python

def consecutive(data, stepsize=1):
    """Converts array into chunks with consecutive elements of given step size.
    http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7352684/how-to-find-the-groups-of-consecutive-elements-from-an-array-in-numpy
    """
    return np.split(data, np.where(np.diff(data) != stepsize)[0] + 1)
Query: python get nth element from array

def _nth(arr, n):
    """
    Return the nth value of array

    If it is missing return NaN
    """
    try:
        return arr.iloc[n]
    except (KeyError, IndexError):
        return np.nan
Query: python get pairwise distances

def _jit_pairwise_distances(pos1, pos2):
        """Optimized function for calculating the distance between each pair
        of points in positions1 and positions2.

        Does use python mode as fallback, if a scalar and not an array is
        given.
        """
        n1 = pos1.shape[0]
        n2 = pos2.shape[0]
        D = np.empty((n1, n2))

        for i in range(n1):
            for j in range(n2):
                D[i, j] = np.sqrt(((pos1[i] - pos2[j])**2).sum())
        return D
Query: do global python objects get deleted after program exits

def _update_globals():
    """
    Patch the globals to remove the objects not available on some platforms.

    XXX it'd be better to test assertions about bytecode instead.
    """

    if not sys.platform.startswith('java') and sys.platform != 'cli':
        return
    incompatible = 'extract_constant', 'get_module_constant'
    for name in incompatible:
        del globals()[name]
        __all__.remove(name)
Query: python get png from url

def url_to_image(url):
    """
    Fetch an image from url and convert it into a Pillow Image object
    """
    r = requests.get(url)
    image = StringIO(r.content)
    return image
Query: do something on program exit python

def do_exit(self, arg):
        """Exit the shell session."""

        if self.current:
            self.current.close()
        self.resource_manager.close()
        del self.resource_manager
        return True
Query: python get post content type

def get_content_type (headers):
    """
    Get the MIME type from the Content-Type header value, or
    'application/octet-stream' if not found.

    @return: MIME type
    @rtype: string
    """
    ptype = headers.get('Content-Type', 'application/octet-stream')
    if ";" in ptype:
        # split off not needed extension info
        ptype = ptype.split(';')[0]
    return ptype.strip().lower()
Query: doctype html parse python

def parse(text, showToc=True):
	"""Returns HTML from MediaWiki markup"""
	p = Parser(show_toc=showToc)
	return p.parse(text)
Query: python get properties of pdf file

def security(self):
        """Print security object information for a pdf document"""
        return {k: v for i in self.pdf.resolvedObjects.items() for k, v in i[1].items()}
Query: does hash in python guarantee that uniqueness for string

def _string_hash(s):
    """String hash (djb2) with consistency between py2/py3 and persistency between runs (unlike `hash`)."""
    h = 5381
    for c in s:
        h = h * 33 + ord(c)
    return h
Query: python get propery by name

def get_property_by_name(pif, name):
    """Get a property by name"""
    return next((x for x in pif.properties if x.name == name), None)
Query: does python allow for missing function args like r

def call_with_context(func, context, *args):
    """
    Check if given function has more arguments than given. Call it with context
    as last argument or without it.
    """
    return make_context_aware(func, len(args))(*args + (context,))
Query: does tensorflow work with language other than python

def unit_ball_L2(shape):
  """A tensorflow variable tranfomed to be constrained in a L2 unit ball.

  EXPERIMENTAL: Do not use for adverserial examples if you need to be confident
  they are strong attacks. We are not yet confident in this code.
  """
  x = tf.Variable(tf.zeros(shape))
  return constrain_L2(x)
Query: python get screen dimensions

def get_screen_resolution(self):
        """Return the screen resolution of the primary screen."""
        widget = QDesktopWidget()
        geometry = widget.availableGeometry(widget.primaryScreen())
        return geometry.width(), geometry.height()
Query: dot product using for loop in python

def dot(self, w):
        """Return the dotproduct between self and another vector."""

        return sum([x * y for x, y in zip(self, w)])
Query: python get shape of list of lists

def get_list_dimensions(_list):
    """
    Takes a nested list and returns the size of each dimension followed
    by the element type in the list
    """
    if isinstance(_list, list) or isinstance(_list, tuple):
        return [len(_list)] + get_list_dimensions(_list[0])
    return []
Query: python get ssl wrapped socket

def enable_ssl(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Transforms the regular socket.socket to an ssl.SSLSocket for secure
        connections. Any arguments are passed to ssl.wrap_socket:
        http://docs.python.org/dev/library/ssl.html#ssl.wrap_socket
        """
        if self.handshake_sent:
            raise SSLError('can only enable SSL before handshake')

        self.secure = True
        self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(self.sock, *args, **kwargs)
Query: draw a line in python

def hline(self, x, y, width, color):
        """Draw a horizontal line up to a given length."""
        self.rect(x, y, width, 1, color, fill=True)
Query: python get stacktrace from sys

def _extract_traceback(start):
    """
    SNAGGED FROM traceback.py

    RETURN list OF dicts DESCRIBING THE STACK TRACE
    """
    tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
    for i in range(start):
        tb = tb.tb_next
    return _parse_traceback(tb)
Query: drawing image with python in latex

def print_display_png(o):
    """
    A function to display sympy expression using display style LaTeX in PNG.
    """
    s = latex(o, mode='plain')
    s = s.strip('$')
    # As matplotlib does not support display style, dvipng backend is
    # used here.
    png = latex_to_png('$$%s$$' % s, backend='dvipng')
    return png
Query: python get text of response

async def json_or_text(response):
    """Turns response into a properly formatted json or text object"""
    text = await response.text()
    if response.headers['Content-Type'] == 'application/json; charset=utf-8':
        return json.loads(text)
    return text
Query: dropping columns with wild card in column name from python data frame

def del_Unnamed(df):
    """
    Deletes all the unnamed columns

    :param df: pandas dataframe
    """
    cols_del=[c for c in df.columns if 'Unnamed' in c]
    return df.drop(cols_del,axis=1)
Query: python get the first day of current month

def get_month_start(day=None):
    """Returns the first day of the given month."""
    day = add_timezone(day or datetime.date.today())
    return day.replace(day=1)
Query: dynamically create documents python mongoegine

def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """ Instanciates a new *Document* from this collection """
        kwargs["mongokat_collection"] = self
        return self.document_class(*args, **kwargs)
Query: python get the id of the current thread

def threadid(self):
        """
        Current thread ident. If current thread is main thread then it returns ``None``.

        :type: int or None
        """
        current = self.thread.ident
        main = get_main_thread()
        if main is None:
            return current
        else:
            return current if current != main.ident else None
Query: python get the last n from array

def tail(self, n=10):
        """
        Get an SArray that contains the last n elements in the SArray.

        Parameters
        ----------
        n : int
            The number of elements to fetch

        Returns
        -------
        out : SArray
            A new SArray which contains the last n rows of the current SArray.
        """
        with cython_context():
            return SArray(_proxy=self.__proxy__.tail(n))
Query: early stopping use keras lstm in python

def lmx_h1k_f64k():
  """HParams for training languagemodel_lm1b32k_packed.  880M Params."""
  hparams = lmx_base()
  hparams.hidden_size = 1024
  hparams.filter_size = 65536
  hparams.batch_size = 2048
  return hparams
Query: python get the stdout from external command

def check_output(args, env=None, sp=subprocess):
    """Call an external binary and return its stdout."""
    log.debug('calling %s with env %s', args, env)
    output = sp.check_output(args=args, env=env)
    log.debug('output: %r', output)
    return output
Query: easiest way to create matrix in python

def a2s(a):
    """
     convert 3,3 a matrix to 6 element "s" list  (see Tauxe 1998)
    """
    s = np.zeros((6,), 'f')  # make the a matrix
    for i in range(3):
        s[i] = a[i][i]
    s[3] = a[0][1]
    s[4] = a[1][2]
    s[5] = a[0][2]
    return s
Query: python get timezone offset for eastern

def convert_2_utc(self, datetime_, timezone):
        """convert to datetime to UTC offset."""

        datetime_ = self.tz_mapper[timezone].localize(datetime_)
        return datetime_.astimezone(pytz.UTC)
Query: python get today's date utc

def now(self):
		"""
		Return a :py:class:`datetime.datetime` instance representing the current time.

		:rtype: :py:class:`datetime.datetime`
		"""
		if self.use_utc:
			return datetime.datetime.utcnow()
		else:
			return datetime.datetime.now()
Query: eliminating spaces in strings python

def unpunctuate(s, *, char_blacklist=string.punctuation):
    """ Remove punctuation from string s. """
    # remove punctuation
    s = "".join(c for c in s if c not in char_blacklist)
    # remove consecutive spaces
    return " ".join(filter(None, s.split(" ")))
Query: python get true positives from confusion matrix

def accuracy(conf_matrix):
  """
  Given a confusion matrix, returns the accuracy.
  Accuracy Definition: http://research.ics.aalto.fi/events/eyechallenge2005/evaluation.shtml
  """
  total, correct = 0.0, 0.0
  for true_response, guess_dict in conf_matrix.items():
    for guess, count in guess_dict.items():
      if true_response == guess:
        correct += count
      total += count
  return correct/total
Query: python get value from dictionary by key with default value

def get_value(key, obj, default=missing):
    """Helper for pulling a keyed value off various types of objects"""
    if isinstance(key, int):
        return _get_value_for_key(key, obj, default)
    return _get_value_for_keys(key.split('.'), obj, default)
Query: python get variable by name locals globals

def getvariable(name):
    """Get the value of a local variable somewhere in the call stack."""
    import inspect
    fr = inspect.currentframe()
    try:
        while fr:
            fr = fr.f_back
            vars = fr.f_locals
            if name in vars:
                return vars[name]
    except:
        pass
    return None
Query: environment variables are not recognized in docker entrypoint python file

def restore_image_options(cli, image, options):
    """ Restores CMD and ENTRYPOINT values of the image

    This is needed because we force the overwrite of ENTRYPOINT and CMD in the
    `run_code_in_container` function, to be able to run the code in the
    container, through /bin/bash.
    """
    dockerfile = io.StringIO()

    dockerfile.write(u'FROM {image}\nCMD {cmd}'.format(
        image=image, cmd=json.dumps(options['cmd'])))

    if options['entrypoint']:
        dockerfile.write(
            '\nENTRYPOINT {}'.format(json.dumps(options['entrypoint'])))

    cli.build(tag=image, fileobj=dockerfile)
Query: python get variable from another method

def getSystemVariable(self, remote, name):
        """Get single system variable from CCU / Homegear"""
        if self._server is not None:
            return self._server.getSystemVariable(remote, name)
Query: epoch converter python specific zone

def session_to_epoch(timestamp):
    """ converts Synergy Timestamp for session to UTC zone seconds since epoch """
    utc_timetuple = datetime.strptime(timestamp, SYNERGY_SESSION_PATTERN).replace(tzinfo=None).utctimetuple()
    return calendar.timegm(utc_timetuple)
Query: python git all branches

def branches(self):
        """All branches in a list"""
        result = self.git(self.default + ['branch', '-a', '--no-color'])
        return [l.strip(' *\n') for l in result.split('\n') if l.strip(' *\n')]
Query: python githum change string to lower case

def case_us2mc(x):
    """ underscore to mixed case notation """
    return re.sub(r'_([a-z])', lambda m: (m.group(1).upper()), x)
Query: euclidean distance of nd array algorithm python

def rdist(x, y):
    """Reduced Euclidean distance.

    Parameters
    ----------
    x: array of shape (embedding_dim,)
    y: array of shape (embedding_dim,)

    Returns
    -------
    The squared euclidean distance between x and y
    """
    result = 0.0
    for i in range(x.shape[0]):
        result += (x[i] - y[i]) ** 2

    return result
Query: python given seconds (int) calculate hours minutes and seconds

def _to_hours_mins_secs(time_taken):
    """Convert seconds to hours, mins, and seconds."""
    mins, secs = divmod(time_taken, 60)
    hours, mins = divmod(mins, 60)
    return hours, mins, secs
Query: euclidean distance python function

def euclidean(c1, c2):
    """Square of the euclidean distance"""
    diffs = ((i - j) for i, j in zip(c1, c2))
    return sum(x * x for x in diffs)
Query: python global variable reseting to original value

def restore_default_settings():
    """ Restore settings to default values. 
    """
    global __DEFAULTS
    __DEFAULTS.CACHE_DIR = defaults.CACHE_DIR
    __DEFAULTS.SET_SEED = defaults.SET_SEED
    __DEFAULTS.SEED = defaults.SEED
    logging.info('Settings reverted to their default values.')