gonglinyuan/CoSQA huggingface dataset:
Query: how to get size of row in matrix python

def rank(tensor: BKTensor) -> int:
    """Return the number of dimensions of a tensor"""
    if isinstance(tensor, np.ndarray):
        return len(tensor.shape)

    return len(tensor[0].size())
Query: python variable names starting in underscore

def lower_camel_case_from_underscores(string):
    """generate a lower-cased camelCase string from an underscore_string.
    For example: my_variable_name -> myVariableName"""
    components = string.split('_')
    string = components[0]
    for component in components[1:]:
        string += component[0].upper() + component[1:]
    return string
Query: check if set is subset of other set python

def issubset(self, other):
        """
        Report whether another set contains this set.

        Example:
            >>> OrderedSet([1, 2, 3]).issubset({1, 2})
            False
            >>> OrderedSet([1, 2, 3]).issubset({1, 2, 3, 4})
            True
            >>> OrderedSet([1, 2, 3]).issubset({1, 4, 3, 5})
            False
        """
        if len(self) > len(other):  # Fast check for obvious cases
            return False
        return all(item in other for item in self)
Query: test all values in an array at once python

def isarray(array, test, dim=2):
    """Returns True if test is True for all array elements.
    Otherwise, returns False.
    """
    if dim > 1:
        return all(isarray(array[i], test, dim - 1)
                   for i in range(len(array)))
    return all(test(i) for i in array)
Query: select column for max column in python

def argmax(self, rows: List[Row], column: ComparableColumn) -> List[Row]:
        """
        Takes a list of rows and a column name and returns a list containing a single row (dict from
        columns to cells) that has the maximum numerical value in the given column. We return a list
        instead of a single dict to be consistent with the return type of ``select`` and
        ``all_rows``.
        """
        if not rows:
            return []
        value_row_pairs = [(row.values[column.name], row) for row in rows]
        if not value_row_pairs:
            return []
        # Returns a list containing the row with the max cell value.
        return [sorted(value_row_pairs, key=lambda x: x[0], reverse=True)[0][1]]
Query: python type cast all strings in list to int

def strings_to_integers(strings: Iterable[str]) -> Iterable[int]:
    """
    Convert a list of strings to a list of integers.

    :param strings: a list of string
    :return: a list of converted integers

    .. doctest::

        >>> strings_to_integers(['1', '1.0', '-0.2'])
        [1, 1, 0]
    """
    return strings_to_(strings, lambda x: int(float(x)))
Query: python networkx graph filter degree

def get_input_nodes(G: nx.DiGraph) -> List[str]:
    """ Get all input nodes from a network. """
    return [n for n, d in G.in_degree() if d == 0]
Query: how to get the time zone from a time and a reference time python

def get_timezone() -> Tuple[datetime.tzinfo, str]:
    """Discover the current time zone and it's standard string representation (for source{d})."""
    dt = get_datetime_now().astimezone()
    tzstr = dt.strftime("%z")
    tzstr = tzstr[:-2] + ":" + tzstr[-2:]
    return dt.tzinfo, tzstr
Query: python replace string from right

def right_replace(string, old, new, count=1):
    """
    Right replaces ``count`` occurrences of ``old`` with ``new`` in ``string``.
    For example::

        right_replace('one_two_two', 'two', 'three') -> 'one_two_three'
    """
    if not string:
        return string
    return new.join(string.rsplit(old, count))
Query: python checking memory leak

def memory_full():
    """Check if the memory is too full for further caching."""
    current_process = psutil.Process(os.getpid())
    return (current_process.memory_percent() >
            config.MAXIMUM_CACHE_MEMORY_PERCENTAGE)
Query: check if string is int in python

def _isint(string):
    """
    >>> _isint("123")
    True
    >>> _isint("123.45")
    False
    """
    return type(string) is int or \
           (isinstance(string, _binary_type) or isinstance(string, _text_type)) and \
           _isconvertible(int, string)
Query: filter that is removing element python

def remove_empty_text(utterances: List[Utterance]) -> List[Utterance]:
    """Remove empty utterances from a list of utterances
    Args:
        utterances: The list of utterance we are processing
    """
    return [utter for utter in utterances if utter.text.strip() != ""]
Query: python repeat each element of list n times

def stretch(iterable, n=2):
    r"""Repeat each item in `iterable` `n` times.

    Example:

    >>> list(stretch(range(3), 2))
    [0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]
    """
    times = range(n)
    for item in iterable:
        for i in times: yield item
Query: how do yo ushuffle a list in python

def consistent_shuffle(*lists):
    """
    Shuffle lists consistently.

    Parameters
    ----------
    *lists
        Variable length number of lists

    Returns
    -------
    shuffled_lists : tuple of lists
        All of the lists are shuffled consistently

    Examples
    --------
    >>> import mpu, random; random.seed(8)
    >>> mpu.consistent_shuffle([1,2,3], ['a', 'b', 'c'], ['A', 'B', 'C'])
    ([3, 2, 1], ['c', 'b', 'a'], ['C', 'B', 'A'])
    """
    perm = list(range(len(lists[0])))
    random.shuffle(perm)
    lists = tuple([sublist[index] for index in perm]
                  for sublist in lists)
    return lists
Query: remove an entry from a dict in python

def dictlist_wipe_key(dict_list: Iterable[Dict], key: str) -> None:
    """
    Process an iterable of dictionaries. For each dictionary ``d``, delete
    ``d[key]`` if it exists.
    """
    for d in dict_list:
        d.pop(key, None)
Query: using % and ? as placeholders sqlite3 python

def execute(cur, *args):
    """Utility function to print sqlite queries before executing.

    Use instead of cur.execute().  First argument is cursor.

    cur.execute(stmt)
    becomes
    util.execute(cur, stmt)
    """
    stmt = args[0]
    if len(args) > 1:
        stmt = stmt.replace('%', '%%').replace('?', '%r')
        print(stmt % (args[1]))
    return cur.execute(*args)
Query: python check if no files in directory bytes

def file_exists(fname):
    """Check if a file exists and is non-empty.
    """
    try:
        return fname and os.path.exists(fname) and os.path.getsize(fname) > 0
    except OSError:
        return False
Query: concatenate np arrays in python

def uconcatenate(arrs, axis=0):
    """Concatenate a sequence of arrays.

    This wrapper around numpy.concatenate preserves units. All input arrays
    must have the same units.  See the documentation of numpy.concatenate for
    full details.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> from unyt import cm
    >>> A = [1, 2, 3]*cm
    >>> B = [2, 3, 4]*cm
    >>> uconcatenate((A, B))
    unyt_array([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4], 'cm')

    """
    v = np.concatenate(arrs, axis=axis)
    v = _validate_numpy_wrapper_units(v, arrs)
    return v
Query: check if queue is empty python

def full(self):
        """Return ``True`` if the queue is full, ``False``
        otherwise (not reliable!).

        Only applicable if :attr:`maxsize` is set.

        """
        return self.maxsize and len(self.list) >= self.maxsize or False
Query: how to test for empty quotes in python

def is_quoted(arg: str) -> bool:
    """
    Checks if a string is quoted
    :param arg: the string being checked for quotes
    :return: True if a string is quoted
    """
    return len(arg) > 1 and arg[0] == arg[-1] and arg[0] in constants.QUOTES
Query: python casting to a bytestream

def to_bytes(data: Any) -> bytearray:
    """
    Convert anything to a ``bytearray``.
    
    See
    
    - http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7585435/best-way-to-convert-string-to-bytes-in-python-3
    - http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10459067/how-to-convert-my-bytearrayb-x9e-x18k-x9a-to-something-like-this-x9e-x1
    """  # noqa
    if isinstance(data, int):
        return bytearray([data])
    return bytearray(data, encoding='latin-1')
Query: python sqlalchemy get table columns

def get_column_names(engine: Engine, tablename: str) -> List[str]:
    """
    Get all the database column names for the specified table.
    """
    return [info.name for info in gen_columns_info(engine, tablename)]
Query: python method to get the current index of an item in a list

def _rindex(mylist: Sequence[T], x: T) -> int:
    """Index of the last occurrence of x in the sequence."""
    return len(mylist) - mylist[::-1].index(x) - 1
Query: rotate between items in a list python

def iprotate(l, steps=1):
    r"""Like rotate, but modifies `l` in-place.

    >>> l = [1,2,3]
    >>> iprotate(l) is l
    True
    >>> l
    [2, 3, 1]
    >>> iprotate(iprotate(l, 2), -3)
    [1, 2, 3]

    """
    if len(l):
        steps %= len(l)
        if steps:
            firstPart = l[:steps]
            del l[:steps]
            l.extend(firstPart)
    return l
Query: flatten a list of lists in python

def flatten_list(x: List[Any]) -> List[Any]:
    """
    Converts a list of lists into a flat list.
    
    Args:
        x: list of lists 

    Returns:
        flat list
        
    As per
    http://stackoverflow.com/questions/952914/making-a-flat-list-out-of-list-of-lists-in-python

    """  # noqa
    return [item for sublist in x for item in sublist]
Query: python get only first item in a list

def head(self) -> Any:
        """Retrive first element in List."""

        lambda_list = self._get_value()
        return lambda_list(lambda head, _: head)
Query: python dictionary key to float

def dictlist_convert_to_float(dict_list: Iterable[Dict], key: str) -> None:
    """
    Process an iterable of dictionaries. For each dictionary ``d``, convert
    (in place) ``d[key]`` to a float. If that fails, convert it to ``None``.
    """
    for d in dict_list:
        try:
            d[key] = float(d[key])
        except ValueError:
            d[key] = None
Query: python3 django static images not show with right path

def compatible_staticpath(path):
    """
    Try to return a path to static the static files compatible all
    the way back to Django 1.2. If anyone has a cleaner or better
    way to do this let me know!
    """

    if VERSION >= (1, 10):
        # Since Django 1.10, forms.Media automatically invoke static
        # lazily on the path if it is relative.
        return path
    try:
        # >= 1.4
        from django.templatetags.static import static
        return static(path)
    except ImportError:
        pass
    try:
        # >= 1.3
        return '%s/%s' % (settings.STATIC_URL.rstrip('/'), path)
    except AttributeError:
        pass
    try:
        return '%s/%s' % (settings.PAGEDOWN_URL.rstrip('/'), path)
    except AttributeError:
        pass
    return '%s/%s' % (settings.MEDIA_URL.rstrip('/'), path)
Query: counting token frequency in python

def _sum_cycles_from_tokens(self, tokens: List[str]) -> int:
        """Sum the total number of cycles over a list of tokens."""
        return sum((int(self._nonnumber_pattern.sub('', t)) for t in tokens))
Query: keep unique element in list python

def uniqued(iterable):
    """Return unique list of items preserving order.

    >>> uniqued([3, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 0])
    [3, 2, 1, 0]
    """
    seen = set()
    add = seen.add
    return [i for i in iterable if i not in seen and not add(i)]
Query: create new dictionary from two python

def extend(a: dict, b: dict) -> dict:
    """Merge two dicts and return a new dict. Much like subclassing works."""
    res = a.copy()
    res.update(b)
    return res
Query: how to change a list of int to a string python

def list_to_str(list, separator=','):
    """
    >>> list = [0, 0, 7]
    >>> list_to_str(list)
    '0,0,7'
    """
    list = [str(x) for x in list]
    return separator.join(list)
Query: python force the program to exit

def do_quit(self, _: argparse.Namespace) -> bool:
        """Exit this application"""
        self._should_quit = True
        return self._STOP_AND_EXIT
Query: python load json into dict

def from_file(file_path) -> dict:
        """ Load JSON file """
        with io.open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as json_stream:
            return Json.parse(json_stream, True)
Query: turn list of lists into one list python

def flatten_list(l: List[list]) -> list:
    """ takes a list of lists, l and returns a flat list
    """
    return [v for inner_l in l for v in inner_l]
Query: how to see content of text file in python

def read_text_from_file(path: str) -> str:
    """ Reads text file contents """
    with open(path) as text_file:
        content = text_file.read()

    return content
Query: how to execute a parser script in python

def cli_run():
    """docstring for argparse"""
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Stupidly simple code answers from StackOverflow')
    parser.add_argument('query', help="What's the problem ?", type=str, nargs='+')
    parser.add_argument('-t','--tags', help='semicolon separated tags -> python;lambda')
    args = parser.parse_args()
    main(args)
Query: python lower roundoff float

def proper_round(n):
    """
    rounds float to closest int
    :rtype: int
    :param n: float
    """
    return int(n) + (n / abs(n)) * int(abs(n - int(n)) >= 0.5) if n != 0 else 0
Query: python how to tell if file is empty

def isfile_notempty(inputfile: str) -> bool:
        """Check if the input filename with path is a file and is not empty."""
        try:
            return isfile(inputfile) and getsize(inputfile) > 0
        except TypeError:
            raise TypeError('inputfile is not a valid type')
Query: python string rules with lower and uppercase letters

def uppercase_chars(string: any) -> str:
        """Return all (and only) the uppercase chars in the given string."""
        return ''.join([c if c.isupper() else '' for c in str(string)])
Query: python get the minimum value along axis in numpy

def last_location_of_minimum(x):
    """
    Returns the last location of the minimal value of x.
    The position is calculated relatively to the length of x.

    :param x: the time series to calculate the feature of
    :type x: numpy.ndarray
    :return: the value of this feature
    :return type: float
    """
    x = np.asarray(x)
    return 1.0 - np.argmin(x[::-1]) / len(x) if len(x) > 0 else np.NaN
Query: remove duplicate from list python

def de_duplicate(items):
    """Remove any duplicate item, preserving order

    >>> de_duplicate([1, 2, 1, 2])
    [1, 2]
    """
    result = []
    for item in items:
        if item not in result:
            result.append(item)
    return result
Query: python simulate keyboard events linux

def _kbhit_unix() -> bool:
    """
    Under UNIX: is a keystroke available?
    """
    dr, dw, de = select.select([sys.stdin], [], [], 0)
    return dr != []
Query: python return top 10 prediction results with probabilites

def mostLikely(self, pred):
    """ Helper function to return a scalar value representing the most
        likely outcome given a probability distribution
    """
    if len(pred) == 1:
      return pred.keys()[0]

    mostLikelyOutcome = None
    maxProbability = 0

    for prediction, probability in pred.items():
      if probability > maxProbability:
        mostLikelyOutcome = prediction
        maxProbability = probability

    return mostLikelyOutcome
Query: index of min in vecotr python

def last_location_of_minimum(x):
    """
    Returns the last location of the minimal value of x.
    The position is calculated relatively to the length of x.

    :param x: the time series to calculate the feature of
    :type x: numpy.ndarray
    :return: the value of this feature
    :return type: float
    """
    x = np.asarray(x)
    return 1.0 - np.argmin(x[::-1]) / len(x) if len(x) > 0 else np.NaN
Query: json file to dict in python

def from_file(file_path) -> dict:
        """ Load JSON file """
        with io.open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as json_stream:
            return Json.parse(json_stream, True)
Query: python delete all files with certain extension

def rmglob(pattern: str) -> None:
    """
    Deletes all files whose filename matches the glob ``pattern`` (via
    :func:`glob.glob`).
    """
    for f in glob.glob(pattern):
        os.remove(f)
Query: python change plural to singular

def singularize(word):
    """
    Return the singular form of a word, the reverse of :func:`pluralize`.

    Examples::

        >>> singularize("posts")
        "post"
        >>> singularize("octopi")
        "octopus"
        >>> singularize("sheep")
        "sheep"
        >>> singularize("word")
        "word"
        >>> singularize("CamelOctopi")
        "CamelOctopus"

    """
    for inflection in UNCOUNTABLES:
        if re.search(r'(?i)\b(%s)\Z' % inflection, word):
            return word

    for rule, replacement in SINGULARS:
        if re.search(rule, word):
            return re.sub(rule, replacement, word)
    return word
Query: python separate string to list

def _str_to_list(value, separator):
    """Convert a string to a list with sanitization."""
    value_list = [item.strip() for item in value.split(separator)]
    value_list_sanitized = builtins.list(filter(None, value_list))
    if len(value_list_sanitized) > 0:
        return value_list_sanitized
    else:
        raise ValueError('Invalid list variable.')
Query: python opencv hsv black range

def hsv2rgb_spectrum(hsv):
    """Generates RGB values from HSV values in line with a typical light
    spectrum."""
    h, s, v = hsv
    return hsv2rgb_raw(((h * 192) >> 8, s, v))
Query: python to title case with apostrophe in string

def snake_to_camel(s: str) -> str:
    """Convert string from snake case to camel case."""

    fragments = s.split('_')

    return fragments[0] + ''.join(x.title() for x in fragments[1:])
Query: use python to check if a process is running

def is_running(process_id: int) -> bool:
    """
    Uses the Unix ``ps`` program to see if a process is running.
    """
    pstr = str(process_id)
    encoding = sys.getdefaultencoding()
    s = subprocess.Popen(["ps", "-p", pstr], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    for line in s.stdout:
        strline = line.decode(encoding)
        if pstr in strline:
            return True
    return False
Query: python top n elements

def top(self, topn=10):
        """
        Get a list of the top ``topn`` features in this :class:`.Feature`\.

        Examples
        --------

        .. code-block:: python

        >>> myFeature = Feature([('the', 2), ('pine', 1), ('trapezoid', 5)])
        >>> myFeature.top(1)
        [('trapezoid', 5)]

        Parameters
        ----------
        topn : int

        Returns
        -------
        list
        """
        return [self[i] for i in argsort(list(zip(*self))[1])[::-1][:topn]]
Query: python assert command not found

def require(executable: str, explanation: str = "") -> None:
    """
    Ensures that the external tool is available.
    Asserts upon failure.
    """
    assert shutil.which(executable), "Need {!r} on the PATH.{}".format(
        executable, "\n" + explanation if explanation else "")
Query: create a dict with keys as list indices python

def make_indices_to_labels(labels: Set[str]) -> Dict[int, str]:
    """ Creates a mapping from indices to labels. """

    return {index: label for index, label in
            enumerate(["pad"] + sorted(list(labels)))}
Query: how to check if set is subset of another set python

def issubset(self, other):
        """
        Report whether another set contains this set.

        Example:
            >>> OrderedSet([1, 2, 3]).issubset({1, 2})
            False
            >>> OrderedSet([1, 2, 3]).issubset({1, 2, 3, 4})
            True
            >>> OrderedSet([1, 2, 3]).issubset({1, 4, 3, 5})
            False
        """
        if len(self) > len(other):  # Fast check for obvious cases
            return False
        return all(item in other for item in self)
Query: sets and lists in python similarity

def tanimoto_set_similarity(x: Iterable[X], y: Iterable[X]) -> float:
    """Calculate the tanimoto set similarity."""
    a, b = set(x), set(y)
    union = a | b

    if not union:
        return 0.0

    return len(a & b) / len(union)
Query: get first character of string in a list python

def find_first_in_list(txt: str, str_list: [str]) -> int:  # type: ignore
    """
    Returns the index of the earliest occurence of an item from a list in a string

    Ex: find_first_in_list('foobar', ['bar', 'fin']) -> 3
    """
    start = len(txt) + 1
    for item in str_list:
        if start > txt.find(item) > -1:
            start = txt.find(item)
    return start if len(txt) + 1 > start > -1 else -1
Query: type quit to exit program python

def do_quit(self, _: argparse.Namespace) -> bool:
        """Exit this application"""
        self._should_quit = True
        return self._STOP_AND_EXIT
Query: python remove word contains list

def remove_empty_text(utterances: List[Utterance]) -> List[Utterance]:
    """Remove empty utterances from a list of utterances
    Args:
        utterances: The list of utterance we are processing
    """
    return [utter for utter in utterances if utter.text.strip() != ""]
Query: python remove all emptstrings from list

def remove_empty_text(utterances: List[Utterance]) -> List[Utterance]:
    """Remove empty utterances from a list of utterances
    Args:
        utterances: The list of utterance we are processing
    """
    return [utter for utter in utterances if utter.text.strip() != ""]
Query: python return index of list duplicates

def _duplicates(list_):
    """Return dict mapping item -> indices."""
    item_indices = {}
    for i, item in enumerate(list_):
        try:
            item_indices[item].append(i)
        except KeyError:  # First time seen
            item_indices[item] = [i]
    return item_indices
Query: python set precision on string

def trim_decimals(s, precision=-3):
        """
        Convert from scientific notation using precision
        """
        encoded = s.encode('ascii', 'ignore')
        str_val = ""
        if six.PY3:
            str_val = str(encoded, encoding='ascii', errors='ignore')[:precision]
        else:
            # If precision is 0, this must be handled seperately
            if precision == 0:
                str_val = str(encoded)
            else:
                str_val = str(encoded)[:precision]
        if len(str_val) > 0:
            return float(str_val)
        else:
            return 0
Query: calculate a sphere through data points with python

def arcball_map_to_sphere(point, center, radius):
    """Return unit sphere coordinates from window coordinates."""
    v0 = (point[0] - center[0]) / radius
    v1 = (center[1] - point[1]) / radius
    n = v0*v0 + v1*v1
    if n > 1.0:
        # position outside of sphere
        n = math.sqrt(n)
        return numpy.array([v0/n, v1/n, 0.0])
    else:
        return numpy.array([v0, v1, math.sqrt(1.0 - n)])
Query: flatten dic of nested dict python

def flatten_multidict(multidict):
    """Return flattened dictionary from ``MultiDict``."""
    return dict([(key, value if len(value) > 1 else value[0])
                 for (key, value) in multidict.iterlists()])
Query: if x is not equal to integer in python

def is_natural(x):
    """A non-negative integer."""
    try:
        is_integer = int(x) == x
    except (TypeError, ValueError):
        return False
    return is_integer and x >= 0
Query: change dtype python to int64

def to_int64(a):
    """Return view of the recarray with all int32 cast to int64."""
    # build new dtype and replace i4 --> i8
    def promote_i4(typestr):
        if typestr[1:] == 'i4':
            typestr = typestr[0]+'i8'
        return typestr

    dtype = [(name, promote_i4(typestr)) for name,typestr in a.dtype.descr]
    return a.astype(dtype)
Query: python turning text file into set

def read_set_from_file(filename: str) -> Set[str]:
    """
    Extract a de-duped collection (set) of text from a file.
    Expected file format is one item per line.
    """
    collection = set()
    with open(filename, 'r') as file_:
        for line in file_:
            collection.add(line.rstrip())
    return collection