gonglinyuan/CoSQA huggingface dataset:
Query: capture the standard output stream of a cell into a variable in local namespace ,python

def capture_stdout():
    """Intercept standard output in a with-context
    :return: cStringIO instance

    >>> with capture_stdout() as stdout:
            ...
        print stdout.getvalue()
    """
    stdout = sys.stdout
    sys.stdout = six.moves.cStringIO()
    try:
        yield sys.stdout
    finally:
        sys.stdout = stdout
Query: python read tokens from line

def get_tokens(line: str) -> Iterator[str]:
    """
    Yields tokens from input string.

    :param line: Input string.
    :return: Iterator over tokens.
    """
    for token in line.rstrip().split():
        if len(token) > 0:
            yield token
Query: index of first non zero element in list python

def most_significant_bit(lst: np.ndarray) -> int:
    """
    A helper function that finds the position of the most significant bit in a 1darray of 1s and 0s,
    i.e. the first position where a 1 appears, reading left to right.

    :param lst: a 1d array of 0s and 1s with at least one 1
    :return: the first position in lst that a 1 appears
    """
    return np.argwhere(np.asarray(lst) == 1)[0][0]
Query: python check most frequent in a list

def most_frequent(lst):
    """
    Returns the item that appears most frequently in the given list.
    """
    lst = lst[:]
    highest_freq = 0
    most_freq = None

    for val in unique(lst):
        if lst.count(val) > highest_freq:
            most_freq = val
            highest_freq = lst.count(val)
            
    return most_freq
Query: check if whitespace exists python

def _check_whitespace(string):
    """
    Make sure thre is no whitespace in the given string. Will raise a
    ValueError if whitespace is detected
    """
    if string.count(' ') + string.count('\t') + string.count('\n') > 0:
        raise ValueError(INSTRUCTION_HAS_WHITESPACE)
Query: how to make column right margin in python

def get_margin(length):
    """Add enough tabs to align in two columns"""
    if length > 23:
        margin_left = "\t"
        chars = 1
    elif length > 15:
        margin_left = "\t\t"
        chars = 2
    elif length > 7:
        margin_left = "\t\t\t"
        chars = 3
    else:
        margin_left = "\t\t\t\t"
        chars = 4
    return margin_left
Query: python how to check if an absolute path or relative path

def is_relative_url(url):
    """ simple method to determine if a url is relative or absolute """
    if url.startswith("#"):
        return None
    if url.find("://") > 0 or url.startswith("//"):
        # either 'http(s)://...' or '//cdn...' and therefore absolute
        return False
    return True
Query: how to tell python to print something x number of times

def nTimes(n, f, *args, **kwargs):
    r"""Call `f` `n` times with `args` and `kwargs`.
    Useful e.g. for simplistic timing.

    Examples:

    >>> nTimes(3, sys.stdout.write, 'hallo\n')
    hallo
    hallo
    hallo

    """
    for i in xrange(n): f(*args, **kwargs)
Query: how to check image size using size in python

def _width_is_big_enough(image, width):
    """Check that the image width is superior to `width`"""
    if width > image.size[0]:
        raise ImageSizeError(image.size[0], width)
Query: python unpack bac char in struct format

def label_from_bin(buf):
    """
    Converts binary representation label to integer.

    :param buf: Binary representation of label.
    :return: MPLS Label and BoS bit.
    """

    mpls_label = type_desc.Int3.to_user(six.binary_type(buf))
    return mpls_label >> 4, mpls_label & 1
Query: python pad string with zeros left

def zfill(x, width):
    """zfill(x, width) -> string

    Pad a numeric string x with zeros on the left, to fill a field
    of the specified width.  The string x is never truncated.

    """
    if not isinstance(x, basestring):
        x = repr(x)
    return x.zfill(width)
Query: calculating the midpoint between 2 data points in python

def _mid(pt1, pt2):
    """
    (Point, Point) -> Point
    Return the point that lies in between the two input points.
    """
    (x0, y0), (x1, y1) = pt1, pt2
    return 0.5 * (x0 + x1), 0.5 * (y0 + y1)
Query: python open any file encoding

def copen(filepath, flag='r', encoding=None):

    """
    FIXME: How to test this ?

    >>> c = copen(__file__)
    >>> c is not None
    True
    """
    if encoding is None:
        encoding = locale.getdefaultlocale()[1]

    return codecs.open(filepath, flag, encoding)
Query: python limiting memory usage

def memory_full():
    """Check if the memory is too full for further caching."""
    current_process = psutil.Process(os.getpid())
    return (current_process.memory_percent() >
            config.MAXIMUM_CACHE_MEMORY_PERCENTAGE)
Query: determine if a list of numbers contains duplicates python

def find_duplicates(l: list) -> set:
    """
    Return the duplicates in a list.

    The function relies on
    https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9835762/find-and-list-duplicates-in-a-list .
    Parameters
    ----------
    l : list
        Name

    Returns
    -------
    set
        Duplicated values

    >>> find_duplicates([1,2,3])
    set()
    >>> find_duplicates([1,2,1])
    {1}
    """
    return set([x for x in l if l.count(x) > 1])
Query: python , how to read 40 bytes from bytes array

def convert_bytes_to_ints(in_bytes, num):
    """Convert a byte array into an integer array. The number of bytes forming an integer
    is defined by num

    :param in_bytes: the input bytes
    :param num: the number of bytes per int
    :return the integer array"""
    dt = numpy.dtype('>i' + str(num))
    return numpy.frombuffer(in_bytes, dt)
Query: python snake or camel case

def camel_to_snake(s: str) -> str:
    """Convert string from camel case to snake case."""

    return CAMEL_CASE_RE.sub(r'_\1', s).strip().lower()
Query: how to tell if a set is empty in python

def is_any_type_set(sett: Set[Type]) -> bool:
    """
    Helper method to check if a set of types is the {AnyObject} singleton

    :param sett:
    :return:
    """
    return len(sett) == 1 and is_any_type(min(sett))
Query: python isnan how to check if an entire column is nan

def warn_if_nans_exist(X):
    """Warn if nans exist in a numpy array."""
    null_count = count_rows_with_nans(X)
    total = len(X)
    percent = 100 * null_count / total

    if null_count > 0:
        warning_message = \
            'Warning! Found {} rows of {} ({:0.2f}%) with nan values. Only ' \
            'complete rows will be plotted.'.format(null_count, total, percent)
        warnings.warn(warning_message, DataWarning)
Query: python 2 pyodbc executemany

async def executemany(self, sql: str, parameters: Iterable[Iterable[Any]]) -> None:
        """Execute the given multiquery."""
        await self._execute(self._cursor.executemany, sql, parameters)