gonglinyuan/CoSQA huggingface dataset:
Query: yield regex function python

def iter_finds(regex_obj, s):
    """Generate all matches found within a string for a regex and yield each match as a string"""
    if isinstance(regex_obj, str):
        for m in re.finditer(regex_obj, s):
            yield m.group()
    else:
        for m in regex_obj.finditer(s):
            yield m.group()
Query: python check if two images are the same

def is_same_shape(self, other_im, check_channels=False):
        """ Checks if two images have the same height and width (and optionally channels).

        Parameters
        ----------
        other_im : :obj:`Image`
            image to compare
        check_channels : bool
            whether or not to check equality of the channels

        Returns
        -------
        bool
            True if the images are the same shape, False otherwise
        """
        if self.height == other_im.height and self.width == other_im.width:
            if check_channels and self.channels != other_im.channels:
                return False
            return True
        return False
Query: python functional to check is number

def is_natural(x):
    """A non-negative integer."""
    try:
        is_integer = int(x) == x
    except (TypeError, ValueError):
        return False
    return is_integer and x >= 0
Query: python json specific string

def string(value) -> str:
        """ string dict/object/value to JSON """
        return system_json.dumps(Json(value).safe_object(), ensure_ascii=False)
Query: how to pass a function name in python

def method_caller(method_name, *args, **kwargs):
	"""
	Return a function that will call a named method on the
	target object with optional positional and keyword
	arguments.

	>>> lower = method_caller('lower')
	>>> lower('MyString')
	'mystring'
	"""
	def call_method(target):
		func = getattr(target, method_name)
		return func(*args, **kwargs)
	return call_method
Query: python get last occurrence in string

def find_first_in_list(txt: str, str_list: [str]) -> int:  # type: ignore
    """
    Returns the index of the earliest occurence of an item from a list in a string

    Ex: find_first_in_list('foobar', ['bar', 'fin']) -> 3
    """
    start = len(txt) + 1
    for item in str_list:
        if start > txt.find(item) > -1:
            start = txt.find(item)
    return start if len(txt) + 1 > start > -1 else -1
Query: greater than string python

def __gt__(self, other):
        """Test for greater than."""
        if isinstance(other, Address):
            return str(self) > str(other)
        raise TypeError
Query: recursion for depth of nested python lists

def list_depth(list_, func=max, _depth=0):
    """
    Returns the deepest level of nesting within a list of lists

    Args:
       list_  : a nested listlike object
       func   : depth aggregation strategy (defaults to max)
       _depth : internal var

    Example:
        >>> # ENABLE_DOCTEST
        >>> from utool.util_list import *  # NOQA
        >>> list_ = [[[[[1]]], [3]], [[1], [3]], [[1], [3]]]
        >>> result = (list_depth(list_, _depth=0))
        >>> print(result)

    """
    depth_list = [list_depth(item, func=func, _depth=_depth + 1)
                  for item in  list_ if util_type.is_listlike(item)]
    if len(depth_list) > 0:
        return func(depth_list)
    else:
        return _depth
Query: python check if queue is empty

def full(self):
        """Return ``True`` if the queue is full, ``False``
        otherwise (not reliable!).

        Only applicable if :attr:`maxsize` is set.

        """
        return self.maxsize and len(self.list) >= self.maxsize or False
Query: select top n python

def top(self, topn=10):
        """
        Get a list of the top ``topn`` features in this :class:`.Feature`\.

        Examples
        --------

        .. code-block:: python

        >>> myFeature = Feature([('the', 2), ('pine', 1), ('trapezoid', 5)])
        >>> myFeature.top(1)
        [('trapezoid', 5)]

        Parameters
        ----------
        topn : int

        Returns
        -------
        list
        """
        return [self[i] for i in argsort(list(zip(*self))[1])[::-1][:topn]]
Query: transition probability matrix for a random graph implementation in python

def get_pij_matrix(t, diag, A, A_inv):
    """
    Calculates the probability matrix of substitutions i->j over time t,
    given the normalised generator diagonalisation.


    :param t: time
    :type t: float
    :return: probability matrix
    :rtype: numpy.ndarray
    """
    return A.dot(np.diag(np.exp(diag * t))).dot(A_inv)
Query: python flush request cache

def flush(self):
        """
        Flush all unwritten data to disk.
        """
        if self._cache_modified_count > 0:
            self.storage.write(self.cache)
            self._cache_modified_count = 0
Query: count of each token from a string in python

def _sum_cycles_from_tokens(self, tokens: List[str]) -> int:
        """Sum the total number of cycles over a list of tokens."""
        return sum((int(self._nonnumber_pattern.sub('', t)) for t in tokens))
Query: python 3 iterator has next

def __next__(self):
        """
        :return: int
        """
        self.current += 1
        if self.current > self.total:
            raise StopIteration
        else:
            return self.iterable[self.current - 1]
Query: how to check the first n bytes of a file in python

def tail(filename, number_of_bytes):
    """Returns the last number_of_bytes of filename"""
    with open(filename, "rb") as f:
        if os.stat(filename).st_size > number_of_bytes:
            f.seek(-number_of_bytes, 2)
        return f.read()
Query: change python object to string

def string(value) -> str:
        """ string dict/object/value to JSON """
        return system_json.dumps(Json(value).safe_object(), ensure_ascii=False)
Query: how to get timezone in python

def get_timezone() -> Tuple[datetime.tzinfo, str]:
    """Discover the current time zone and it's standard string representation (for source{d})."""
    dt = get_datetime_now().astimezone()
    tzstr = dt.strftime("%z")
    tzstr = tzstr[:-2] + ":" + tzstr[-2:]
    return dt.tzinfo, tzstr
Query: python round float to higher int

def proper_round(n):
    """
    rounds float to closest int
    :rtype: int
    :param n: float
    """
    return int(n) + (n / abs(n)) * int(abs(n - int(n)) >= 0.5) if n != 0 else 0
Query: if value isinteger python

def is_integer(value: Any) -> bool:
    """Return true if a value is an integer number."""
    return (isinstance(value, int) and not isinstance(value, bool)) or (
        isinstance(value, float) and isfinite(value) and int(value) == value
    )
Query: python get png image dimensions

def getDimensionForImage(filename, maxsize):
    """Return scaled image size in (width, height) format.
    The scaling preserves the aspect ratio.
    If PIL is not found returns None."""
    try:
        from PIL import Image
    except ImportError:
        return None
    img = Image.open(filename)
    width, height = img.size
    if width > maxsize[0] or height > maxsize[1]:
        img.thumbnail(maxsize)
        out.info("Downscaled display size from %s to %s" % ((width, height), img.size))
    return img.size
Query: how to switch python version, spyder

def get_versions(reporev=True):
    """Get version information for components used by Spyder"""
    import sys
    import platform

    import qtpy
    import qtpy.QtCore

    revision = None
    if reporev:
        from spyder.utils import vcs
        revision, branch = vcs.get_git_revision(os.path.dirname(__dir__))

    if not sys.platform == 'darwin':  # To avoid a crash with our Mac app
        system = platform.system()
    else:
        system = 'Darwin'

    return {
        'spyder': __version__,
        'python': platform.python_version(),  # "2.7.3"
        'bitness': 64 if sys.maxsize > 2**32 else 32,
        'qt': qtpy.QtCore.__version__,
        'qt_api': qtpy.API_NAME,      # PyQt5
        'qt_api_ver': qtpy.PYQT_VERSION,
        'system': system,   # Linux, Windows, ...
        'release': platform.release(),  # XP, 10.6, 2.2.0, etc.
        'revision': revision,  # '9fdf926eccce'
    }
Query: telling python to skip next line

def _skip_section(self):
        """Skip a section"""
        self._last = self._f.readline()
        while len(self._last) > 0 and len(self._last[0].strip()) == 0:
            self._last = self._f.readline()
Query: python sqlite open cursor with

async def cursor(self) -> Cursor:
        """Create an aiosqlite cursor wrapping a sqlite3 cursor object."""
        return Cursor(self, await self._execute(self._conn.cursor))
Query: python new dictionary from existing dictionary

def extend(a: dict, b: dict) -> dict:
    """Merge two dicts and return a new dict. Much like subclassing works."""
    res = a.copy()
    res.update(b)
    return res
Query: check if valid date python

def valid_date(x: str) -> bool:
    """
    Retrun ``True`` if ``x`` is a valid YYYYMMDD date;
    otherwise return ``False``.
    """
    try:
        if x != dt.datetime.strptime(x, DATE_FORMAT).strftime(DATE_FORMAT):
            raise ValueError
        return True
    except ValueError:
        return False
Query: how to evaluate if strings are equal python

def indexes_equal(a: Index, b: Index) -> bool:
    """
    Are two indexes equal? Checks by comparing ``str()`` versions of them.
    (AM UNSURE IF THIS IS ENOUGH.)
    """
    return str(a) == str(b)
Query: python read file as one line

def read(self, count=0):
        """ Read """
        return self.f.read(count) if count > 0 else self.f.read()
Query: fastest way to take bitwise or python

def bfx(value, msb, lsb):
    """! @brief Extract a value from a bitfield."""
    mask = bitmask((msb, lsb))
    return (value & mask) >> lsb
Query: if element is not in a list in python

def obj_in_list_always(target_list, obj):
    """
    >>> l = [1,1,1]
    >>> obj_in_list_always(l, 1)
    True
    >>> l.append(2)
    >>> obj_in_list_always(l, 1)
    False
    """
    for item in set(target_list):
        if item is not obj:
            return False
    return True
Query: return the string in all lowercase except the last character is uppercase python

def lowercase_chars(string: any) -> str:
        """Return all (and only) the lowercase chars in the given string."""
        return ''.join([c if c.islower() else '' for c in str(string)])
Query: check in python variable is str

def is_unicode(string):
    """Validates that the object itself is some kinda string"""
    str_type = str(type(string))

    if str_type.find('str') > 0 or str_type.find('unicode') > 0:
        return True

    return False
Query: how to give name validation from input python

def assert_valid_name(name: str) -> str:
    """Uphold the spec rules about naming."""
    error = is_valid_name_error(name)
    if error:
        raise error
    return name
Query: python datetime isoformat layout

def datetime_iso_format(date):
    """
    Return an ISO-8601 representation of a datetime object.
    """
    return "{0:0>4}-{1:0>2}-{2:0>2}T{3:0>2}:{4:0>2}:{5:0>2}Z".format(
        date.year, date.month, date.day, date.hour,
        date.minute, date.second)
Query: python how to check if something is not a str

def is_unicode(string):
    """Validates that the object itself is some kinda string"""
    str_type = str(type(string))

    if str_type.find('str') > 0 or str_type.find('unicode') > 0:
        return True

    return False
Query: how to load commits in order python from gitlog

def last_commit(self) -> Tuple:
        """Returns a tuple (hash, and commit object)"""
        from libs.repos import git

        return git.get_last_commit(repo_path=self.path)
Query: how to delete an entry in a python dictionary

def dictlist_wipe_key(dict_list: Iterable[Dict], key: str) -> None:
    """
    Process an iterable of dictionaries. For each dictionary ``d``, delete
    ``d[key]`` if it exists.
    """
    for d in dict_list:
        d.pop(key, None)
Query: wordnet synsets implementation in python

def has_synset(word: str) -> list:
    """" Returns a list of synsets of a word after lemmatization. """

    return wn.synsets(lemmatize(word, neverstem=True))
Query: read json file and turn into dictionary using python

def from_file(file_path) -> dict:
        """ Load JSON file """
        with io.open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as json_stream:
            return Json.parse(json_stream, True)
Query: python remove words from sentences in a list

def remove_empty_text(utterances: List[Utterance]) -> List[Utterance]:
    """Remove empty utterances from a list of utterances
    Args:
        utterances: The list of utterance we are processing
    """
    return [utter for utter in utterances if utter.text.strip() != ""]
Query: python string deciaml to int

def try_cast_int(s):
    """(str) -> int
    All the digits in a given string are concatenated and converted into a single number.
    """
    try:
        temp = re.findall('\d', str(s))
        temp = ''.join(temp)
        return int(temp)
    except:
        return s
Query: python 3 none compare with int

def is_natural(x):
    """A non-negative integer."""
    try:
        is_integer = int(x) == x
    except (TypeError, ValueError):
        return False
    return is_integer and x >= 0
Query: how to make the secon character to capitalize in python

def snake_to_camel(s: str) -> str:
    """Convert string from snake case to camel case."""

    fragments = s.split('_')

    return fragments[0] + ''.join(x.title() for x in fragments[1:])
Query: create new dictionary from two dictionaries python

def extend(a: dict, b: dict) -> dict:
    """Merge two dicts and return a new dict. Much like subclassing works."""
    res = a.copy()
    res.update(b)
    return res
Query: get name of day of week python

def get_day_name(self) -> str:
        """ Returns the day name """
        weekday = self.value.isoweekday() - 1
        return calendar.day_name[weekday]
Query: list of objects, how to tell if none of them have a value python

def is_any_type_set(sett: Set[Type]) -> bool:
    """
    Helper method to check if a set of types is the {AnyObject} singleton

    :param sett:
    :return:
    """
    return len(sett) == 1 and is_any_type(min(sett))
Query: python matplotlib how to zoom out

def unzoom_all(self, event=None):
        """ zoom out full data range """
        if len(self.conf.zoom_lims) > 0:
            self.conf.zoom_lims = [self.conf.zoom_lims[0]]
        self.unzoom(event)
Query: python sqlalchemy different column different dtype

def is_sqlatype_integer(coltype: Union[TypeEngine, VisitableType]) -> bool:
    """
    Is the SQLAlchemy column type an integer type?
    """
    coltype = _coltype_to_typeengine(coltype)
    return isinstance(coltype, sqltypes.Integer)
Query: python return most frequency of list

def most_frequent(lst):
    """
    Returns the item that appears most frequently in the given list.
    """
    lst = lst[:]
    highest_freq = 0
    most_freq = None

    for val in unique(lst):
        if lst.count(val) > highest_freq:
            most_freq = val
            highest_freq = lst.count(val)
            
    return most_freq
Query: normalize percentage per row in python

def normalize(numbers):
    """Multiply each number by a constant such that the sum is 1.0
    >>> normalize([1,2,1])
    [0.25, 0.5, 0.25]
    """
    total = float(sum(numbers))
    return [n / total for n in numbers]
Query: get colunmn names in python

def attrname_to_colname_dict(cls) -> Dict[str, str]:
    """
    Asks an SQLAlchemy class how its attribute names correspond to database
    column names.

    Args:
        cls: SQLAlchemy ORM class

    Returns:
        a dictionary mapping attribute names to database column names
    """
    attr_col = {}  # type: Dict[str, str]
    for attrname, column in gen_columns(cls):
        attr_col[attrname] = column.name
    return attr_col
Query: how to keep leading zeroes in python

def __remove_trailing_zeros(self, collection):
        """Removes trailing zeroes from indexable collection of numbers"""
        index = len(collection) - 1
        while index >= 0 and collection[index] == 0:
            index -= 1

        return collection[:index + 1]
Query: top values in list python

def top(self, topn=10):
        """
        Get a list of the top ``topn`` features in this :class:`.Feature`\.

        Examples
        --------

        .. code-block:: python

        >>> myFeature = Feature([('the', 2), ('pine', 1), ('trapezoid', 5)])
        >>> myFeature.top(1)
        [('trapezoid', 5)]

        Parameters
        ----------
        topn : int

        Returns
        -------
        list
        """
        return [self[i] for i in argsort(list(zip(*self))[1])[::-1][:topn]]
Query: python property get with default

def get_prop_value(name, props, default=None):
    # type: (str, Dict[str, Any], Any) -> Any
    """
    Returns the value of a property or the default one

    :param name: Name of a property
    :param props: Dictionary of properties
    :param default: Default value
    :return: The value of the property or the default one
    """
    if not props:
        return default

    try:
        return props[name]
    except KeyError:
        return default
Query: generate the hash values using perfect hash function in python

def _my_hash(arg_list):
    # type: (List[Any]) -> int
    """Simple helper hash function"""
    res = 0
    for arg in arg_list:
        res = res * 31 + hash(arg)
    return res
Query: python largest index in array true

def most_significant_bit(lst: np.ndarray) -> int:
    """
    A helper function that finds the position of the most significant bit in a 1darray of 1s and 0s,
    i.e. the first position where a 1 appears, reading left to right.

    :param lst: a 1d array of 0s and 1s with at least one 1
    :return: the first position in lst that a 1 appears
    """
    return np.argwhere(np.asarray(lst) == 1)[0][0]
Query: how to make a pie chart in python matplotlib

def create_pie_chart(self, snapshot, filename=''):
        """
        Create a pie chart that depicts the distribution of the allocated memory
        for a given `snapshot`. The chart is saved to `filename`.
        """
        try:
            from pylab import figure, title, pie, axes, savefig
            from pylab import sum as pylab_sum
        except ImportError:
            return self.nopylab_msg % ("pie_chart")

        # Don't bother illustrating a pie without pieces.
        if not snapshot.tracked_total:
            return ''

        classlist = []
        sizelist = []
        for k, v in list(snapshot.classes.items()):
            if v['pct'] > 3.0:
                classlist.append(k)
                sizelist.append(v['sum'])
        sizelist.insert(0, snapshot.asizeof_total - pylab_sum(sizelist))
        classlist.insert(0, 'Other')
        #sizelist = [x*0.01 for x in sizelist]

        title("Snapshot (%s) Memory Distribution" % (snapshot.desc))
        figure(figsize=(8,8))
        axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8])
        pie(sizelist, labels=classlist)
        savefig(filename, dpi=50)

        return self.chart_tag % (self.relative_path(filename))
Query: python turn list of str to int

def strings_to_integers(strings: Iterable[str]) -> Iterable[int]:
    """
    Convert a list of strings to a list of integers.

    :param strings: a list of string
    :return: a list of converted integers

    .. doctest::

        >>> strings_to_integers(['1', '1.0', '-0.2'])
        [1, 1, 0]
    """
    return strings_to_(strings, lambda x: int(float(x)))
Query: python datetime get last month number

def get_last_day_of_month(t: datetime) -> int:
    """
    Returns day number of the last day of the month
    :param t: datetime
    :return: int
    """
    tn = t + timedelta(days=32)
    tn = datetime(year=tn.year, month=tn.month, day=1)
    tt = tn - timedelta(hours=1)
    return tt.day
Query: python downgrade got rid of spyder

def get_versions(reporev=True):
    """Get version information for components used by Spyder"""
    import sys
    import platform

    import qtpy
    import qtpy.QtCore

    revision = None
    if reporev:
        from spyder.utils import vcs
        revision, branch = vcs.get_git_revision(os.path.dirname(__dir__))

    if not sys.platform == 'darwin':  # To avoid a crash with our Mac app
        system = platform.system()
    else:
        system = 'Darwin'

    return {
        'spyder': __version__,
        'python': platform.python_version(),  # "2.7.3"
        'bitness': 64 if sys.maxsize > 2**32 else 32,
        'qt': qtpy.QtCore.__version__,
        'qt_api': qtpy.API_NAME,      # PyQt5
        'qt_api_ver': qtpy.PYQT_VERSION,
        'system': system,   # Linux, Windows, ...
        'release': platform.release(),  # XP, 10.6, 2.2.0, etc.
        'revision': revision,  # '9fdf926eccce'
    }
Query: how to read image in python uint8

def read32(bytestream):
  """Read 4 bytes from bytestream as an unsigned 32-bit integer."""
  dt = np.dtype(np.uint32).newbyteorder('>')
  return np.frombuffer(bytestream.read(4), dtype=dt)[0]
Query: python argparse call from function

def cli_run():
    """docstring for argparse"""
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Stupidly simple code answers from StackOverflow')
    parser.add_argument('query', help="What's the problem ?", type=str, nargs='+')
    parser.add_argument('-t','--tags', help='semicolon separated tags -> python;lambda')
    args = parser.parse_args()
    main(args)
Query: python shuffle columns of a matrix

def _reshuffle(mat, shape):
    """Reshuffle the indicies of a bipartite matrix A[ij,kl] -> A[lj,ki]."""
    return np.reshape(
        np.transpose(np.reshape(mat, shape), (3, 1, 2, 0)),
        (shape[3] * shape[1], shape[0] * shape[2]))
Query: get number of cpu cores used python 3

def cpu_count() -> int:
    """Returns the number of processors on this machine."""
    if multiprocessing is None:
        return 1
    try:
        return multiprocessing.cpu_count()
    except NotImplementedError:
        pass
    try:
        return os.sysconf("SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF")
    except (AttributeError, ValueError):
        pass
    gen_log.error("Could not detect number of processors; assuming 1")
    return 1
Query: how to extract data from stream in python

def decode_value(stream):
    """Decode the contents of a value from a serialized stream.

    :param stream: Source data stream
    :type stream: io.BytesIO
    :returns: Decoded value
    :rtype: bytes
    """
    length = decode_length(stream)
    (value,) = unpack_value(">{:d}s".format(length), stream)
    return value
Query: python pysql send multiple queries

async def executemany(self, sql: str, parameters: Iterable[Iterable[Any]]) -> None:
        """Execute the given multiquery."""
        await self._execute(self._cursor.executemany, sql, parameters)
Query: turn string into int in python

def try_cast_int(s):
    """(str) -> int
    All the digits in a given string are concatenated and converted into a single number.
    """
    try:
        temp = re.findall('\d', str(s))
        temp = ''.join(temp)
        return int(temp)
    except:
        return s
Query: python unblock lock acquire

def release_lock():
    """Release lock on compilation directory."""
    get_lock.n_lock -= 1
    assert get_lock.n_lock >= 0
    # Only really release lock once all lock requests have ended.
    if get_lock.lock_is_enabled and get_lock.n_lock == 0:
        get_lock.start_time = None
        get_lock.unlocker.unlock()
Query: any way to make all of the characters in a string uppercase? python

def uppercase_chars(string: any) -> str:
        """Return all (and only) the uppercase chars in the given string."""
        return ''.join([c if c.isupper() else '' for c in str(string)])
Query: python memoryview contact buffer fragment

def read(self, start_position: int, size: int) -> memoryview:
        """
        Return a view into the memory
        """
        return memoryview(self._bytes)[start_position:start_position + size]
Query: get minimum value of column python

def min(self):
        """
        :returns the minimum of the column
        """
        res = self._qexec("min(%s)" % self._name)
        if len(res) > 0:
            self._min = res[0][0]
        return self._min