gonglinyuan/CoSQA huggingface dataset:
Query: python numpy array from csv file

def csv_to_numpy(string_like, dtype=None):  # type: (str) -> np.array
    """Convert a CSV object to a numpy array.

    Args:
        string_like (str): CSV string.
        dtype (dtype, optional):  Data type of the resulting array. If None, the dtypes will be determined by the
                                        contents of each column, individually. This argument can only be used to
                                        'upcast' the array.  For downcasting, use the .astype(t) method.
    Returns:
        (np.array): numpy array
    """
    stream = StringIO(string_like)
    return np.genfromtxt(stream, dtype=dtype, delimiter=',')
Query: python networkx get longest path

def dag_longest_path(graph, source, target):
    """
    Finds the longest path in a dag between two nodes
    """
    if source == target:
        return [source]
    allpaths = nx.all_simple_paths(graph, source, target)
    longest_path = []
    for l in allpaths:
        if len(l) > len(longest_path):
            longest_path = l
    return longest_path
Query: python list duplicate index

def _duplicates(list_):
    """Return dict mapping item -> indices."""
    item_indices = {}
    for i, item in enumerate(list_):
        try:
            item_indices[item].append(i)
        except KeyError:  # First time seen
            item_indices[item] = [i]
    return item_indices
Query: python xml elementtree delete child

def recClearTag(element):
    """Applies maspy.xml.clearTag() to the tag attribute of the "element" and
    recursively to all child elements.

    :param element: an :instance:`xml.etree.Element`
    """
    children = element.getchildren()
    if len(children) > 0:
        for child in children:
            recClearTag(child)
    element.tag = clearTag(element.tag)
Query: conditional if a variable is not an empty set python

def is_any_type_set(sett: Set[Type]) -> bool:
    """
    Helper method to check if a set of types is the {AnyObject} singleton

    :param sett:
    :return:
    """
    return len(sett) == 1 and is_any_type(min(sett))
Query: how is python binary string encoded

def strtobytes(input, encoding):
    """Take a str and transform it into a byte array."""
    py_version = sys.version_info[0]
    if py_version >= 3:
        return _strtobytes_py3(input, encoding)
    return _strtobytes_py2(input, encoding)
Query: set ranges on colormap python

def set_range(self, min_val, max_val):
        """Set the range of the colormap to [*min_val*, *max_val*]
        """
        if min_val > max_val:
            max_val, min_val = min_val, max_val
        self.values = (((self.values * 1.0 - self.values.min()) /
                        (self.values.max() - self.values.min()))
                       * (max_val - min_val) + min_val)
Query: minimum distance in a list of pair no in python

def closest_values(L):
    """Closest values

    :param L: list of values
    :returns: two values from L with minimal distance
    :modifies: the order of L
    :complexity: O(n log n), for n=len(L)
    """
    assert len(L) >= 2
    L.sort()
    valmin, argmin = min((L[i] - L[i - 1], i) for i in range(1, len(L)))
    return L[argmin - 1], L[argmin]
Query: python create tuple from part of a list

def _parse_tuple_string(argument):
        """ Return a tuple from parsing 'a,b,c,d' -> (a,b,c,d) """
        if isinstance(argument, str):
            return tuple(int(p.strip()) for p in argument.split(','))
        return argument
Query: python check if something is equal to any of a set of objects

def is_any_type_set(sett: Set[Type]) -> bool:
    """
    Helper method to check if a set of types is the {AnyObject} singleton

    :param sett:
    :return:
    """
    return len(sett) == 1 and is_any_type(min(sett))
Query: python check if a date is valid

def valid_date(x: str) -> bool:
    """
    Retrun ``True`` if ``x`` is a valid YYYYMMDD date;
    otherwise return ``False``.
    """
    try:
        if x != dt.datetime.strptime(x, DATE_FORMAT).strftime(DATE_FORMAT):
            raise ValueError
        return True
    except ValueError:
        return False
Query: to know the current postion of the file cursor the function used is in python

def position(self) -> Position:
        """The current position of the cursor."""
        return Position(self._index, self._lineno, self._col_offset)
Query: how to see if string is an int python

def _isint(string):
    """
    >>> _isint("123")
    True
    >>> _isint("123.45")
    False
    """
    return type(string) is int or \
           (isinstance(string, _binary_type) or isinstance(string, _text_type)) and \
           _isconvertible(int, string)
Query: python memoryview memory fragments

def read(self, start_position: int, size: int) -> memoryview:
        """
        Return a view into the memory
        """
        return memoryview(self._bytes)[start_position:start_position + size]
Query: is python a strict typed language

def is_strict_numeric(n: Node) -> bool:
    """ numeric denotes typed literals with datatypes xsd:integer, xsd:decimal, xsd:float, and xsd:double. """
    return is_typed_literal(n) and cast(Literal, n).datatype in [XSD.integer, XSD.decimal, XSD.float, XSD.double]
Query: boost python3 bytes extrac

def bytes_hack(buf):
    """
    Hacky workaround for old installs of the library on systems without python-future that were
    keeping the 2to3 update from working after auto-update.
    """
    ub = None
    if sys.version_info > (3,):
        ub = buf
    else:
        ub = bytes(buf)

    return ub
Query: selecting the first 10 rows in python

def genfirstvalues(cursor: Cursor, arraysize: int = 1000) \
        -> Generator[Any, None, None]:
    """
    Generate the first value in each row.

    Args:
        cursor: the cursor
        arraysize: split fetches into chunks of this many records

    Yields:
        the first value of each row
    """
    return (row[0] for row in genrows(cursor, arraysize))
Query: python check if a file path is a file or directory

def valid_file(path: str) -> bool:
    """
    Verifies that a string path actually exists and is a file

    :param path: The path to verify
    :return: **True** if path exist and is a file
    """
    path = Path(path).expanduser()
    log.debug("checking if %s is a valid file", path)
    return path.exists() and path.is_file()
Query: how to flatten a list of lists in python

def flatten_list(x: List[Any]) -> List[Any]:
    """
    Converts a list of lists into a flat list.
    
    Args:
        x: list of lists 

    Returns:
        flat list
        
    As per
    http://stackoverflow.com/questions/952914/making-a-flat-list-out-of-list-of-lists-in-python

    """  # noqa
    return [item for sublist in x for item in sublist]
Query: creating block diagonal matrices in python

def block_diag(*blocks: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
    """Concatenates blocks into a block diagonal matrix.

    Args:
        *blocks: Square matrices to place along the diagonal of the result.

    Returns:
        A block diagonal matrix with the given blocks along its diagonal.

    Raises:
        ValueError: A block isn't square.
    """
    for b in blocks:
        if b.shape[0] != b.shape[1]:
            raise ValueError('Blocks must be square.')

    if not blocks:
        return np.zeros((0, 0), dtype=np.complex128)

    n = sum(b.shape[0] for b in blocks)
    dtype = functools.reduce(_merge_dtypes, (b.dtype for b in blocks))

    result = np.zeros(shape=(n, n), dtype=dtype)
    i = 0
    for b in blocks:
        j = i + b.shape[0]
        result[i:j, i:j] = b
        i = j

    return result
Query: python sqlite3 cursor select iterable

async def fetchall(self) -> Iterable[sqlite3.Row]:
        """Fetch all remaining rows."""
        return await self._execute(self._cursor.fetchall)
Query: python split on whitespace or punctuation

def split(text: str) -> List[str]:
    """Split a text into a list of tokens.

    :param text: the text to split
    :return: tokens
    """
    return [word for word in SEPARATOR.split(text) if word.strip(' \t')]
Query: python 3 dict iteriterms

def iterate_items(dictish):
    """ Return a consistent (key, value) iterable on dict-like objects,
    including lists of tuple pairs.

    Example:

        >>> list(iterate_items({'a': 1}))
        [('a', 1)]
        >>> list(iterate_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)]))
        [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]
    """
    if hasattr(dictish, 'iteritems'):
        return dictish.iteritems()
    if hasattr(dictish, 'items'):
        return dictish.items()
    return dictish
Query: cast python list of strings to int

def strings_to_integers(strings: Iterable[str]) -> Iterable[int]:
    """
    Convert a list of strings to a list of integers.

    :param strings: a list of string
    :return: a list of converted integers

    .. doctest::

        >>> strings_to_integers(['1', '1.0', '-0.2'])
        [1, 1, 0]
    """
    return strings_to_(strings, lambda x: int(float(x)))
Query: python testing if string is int

def _isint(string):
    """
    >>> _isint("123")
    True
    >>> _isint("123.45")
    False
    """
    return type(string) is int or \
           (isinstance(string, _binary_type) or isinstance(string, _text_type)) and \
           _isconvertible(int, string)
Query: python get hostip from url

def url_host(url: str) -> str:
    """
    Parses hostname from URL.
    :param url: URL
    :return: hostname
    """
    from urllib.parse import urlparse
    res = urlparse(url)
    return res.netloc.split(':')[0] if res.netloc else ''
Query: return row with max value python

def argmax(self, rows: List[Row], column: ComparableColumn) -> List[Row]:
        """
        Takes a list of rows and a column name and returns a list containing a single row (dict from
        columns to cells) that has the maximum numerical value in the given column. We return a list
        instead of a single dict to be consistent with the return type of ``select`` and
        ``all_rows``.
        """
        if not rows:
            return []
        value_row_pairs = [(row.values[column.name], row) for row in rows]
        if not value_row_pairs:
            return []
        # Returns a list containing the row with the max cell value.
        return [sorted(value_row_pairs, key=lambda x: x[0], reverse=True)[0][1]]
Query: python trim blank space from string

def remove_blank_lines(string):
    """ Removes all blank lines in @string

        -> #str without blank lines
    """
    return "\n".join(line
                     for line in string.split("\n")
                     if len(line.strip()))
Query: transforming tokens into a count python

def _sum_cycles_from_tokens(self, tokens: List[str]) -> int:
        """Sum the total number of cycles over a list of tokens."""
        return sum((int(self._nonnumber_pattern.sub('', t)) for t in tokens))
Query: get percentile of a value in a list python

def percentile(sorted_list, percent, key=lambda x: x):
    """Find the percentile of a sorted list of values.

    Arguments
    ---------
    sorted_list : list
        A sorted (ascending) list of values.
    percent : float
        A float value from 0.0 to 1.0.
    key : function, optional
        An optional function to compute a value from each element of N.

    Returns
    -------
    float
        The desired percentile of the value list.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> sorted_list = [4,6,8,9,11]
    >>> percentile(sorted_list, 0.4)
    7.0
    >>> percentile(sorted_list, 0.44)
    8.0
    >>> percentile(sorted_list, 0.6)
    8.5
    >>> percentile(sorted_list, 0.99)
    11.0
    >>> percentile(sorted_list, 1)
    11.0
    >>> percentile(sorted_list, 0)
    4.0
    """
    if not sorted_list:
        return None
    if percent == 1:
        return float(sorted_list[-1])
    if percent == 0:
        return float(sorted_list[0])
    n = len(sorted_list)
    i = percent * n
    if ceil(i) == i:
        i = int(i)
        return (sorted_list[i-1] + sorted_list[i]) / 2
    return float(sorted_list[ceil(i)-1])
Query: fibonacci python code using sentinel loop

def fib(n):
    """Fibonacci example function

    Args:
      n (int): integer

    Returns:
      int: n-th Fibonacci number
    """
    assert n > 0
    a, b = 1, 1
    for i in range(n - 1):
        a, b = b, a + b
    return a
Query: how to check if a path is valid in python

def valid_file(path: str) -> bool:
    """
    Verifies that a string path actually exists and is a file

    :param path: The path to verify
    :return: **True** if path exist and is a file
    """
    path = Path(path).expanduser()
    log.debug("checking if %s is a valid file", path)
    return path.exists() and path.is_file()
Query: check each character in string pythong

def has_jongsung(letter):
    """Check whether this letter contains Jongsung"""
    if len(letter) != 1:
        raise Exception('The target string must be one letter.')
    if not is_hangul(letter):
        raise NotHangulException('The target string must be Hangul')

    code = lt.hangul_index(letter)
    return code % NUM_JONG > 0
Query: if a string contains whitespace python

def _check_whitespace(string):
    """
    Make sure thre is no whitespace in the given string. Will raise a
    ValueError if whitespace is detected
    """
    if string.count(' ') + string.count('\t') + string.count('\n') > 0:
        raise ValueError(INSTRUCTION_HAS_WHITESPACE)
Query: cast a string to a digit in python

def try_cast_int(s):
    """(str) -> int
    All the digits in a given string are concatenated and converted into a single number.
    """
    try:
        temp = re.findall('\d', str(s))
        temp = ''.join(temp)
        return int(temp)
    except:
        return s
Query: python normalize a set of numbers

def normalize(numbers):
    """Multiply each number by a constant such that the sum is 1.0
    >>> normalize([1,2,1])
    [0.25, 0.5, 0.25]
    """
    total = float(sum(numbers))
    return [n / total for n in numbers]
Query: how to round answer to nearest tenth python

def proper_round(n):
    """
    rounds float to closest int
    :rtype: int
    :param n: float
    """
    return int(n) + (n / abs(n)) * int(abs(n - int(n)) >= 0.5) if n != 0 else 0
Query: python retrive list index based on its content

def find_index(segmentation, stroke_id):
    """
    >>> find_index([[0, 1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6, 7]], 0)
    0
    >>> find_index([[0, 1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6, 7]], 1)
    0
    >>> find_index([[0, 1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6, 7]], 5)
    2
    >>> find_index([[0, 1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6, 7]], 6)
    2
    """
    for i, symbol in enumerate(segmentation):
        for sid in symbol:
            if sid == stroke_id:
                return i
    return -1
Query: get index of first true in array python

def most_significant_bit(lst: np.ndarray) -> int:
    """
    A helper function that finds the position of the most significant bit in a 1darray of 1s and 0s,
    i.e. the first position where a 1 appears, reading left to right.

    :param lst: a 1d array of 0s and 1s with at least one 1
    :return: the first position in lst that a 1 appears
    """
    return np.argwhere(np.asarray(lst) == 1)[0][0]
Query: python check if certain length of input equals something

def check_lengths(*arrays):
    """
    tool to ensure input and output data have the same number of samples

    Parameters
    ----------
    *arrays : iterable of arrays to be checked

    Returns
    -------
    None
    """
    lengths = [len(array) for array in arrays]
    if len(np.unique(lengths)) > 1:
        raise ValueError('Inconsistent data lengths: {}'.format(lengths))
Query: in python how do you use grep in a file

def grep(pattern, filename):
    """Very simple grep that returns the first matching line in a file.
    String matching only, does not do REs as currently implemented.
    """
    try:
        # for line in file
        # if line matches pattern:
        #    return line
        return next((L for L in open(filename) if L.find(pattern) >= 0))
    except StopIteration:
        return ''
Query: python print *args keys

def prin(*args, **kwargs):
    r"""Like ``print``, but a function. I.e. prints out all arguments as
    ``print`` would do. Specify output stream like this::

      print('ERROR', `out="sys.stderr"``).

    """
    print >> kwargs.get('out',None), " ".join([str(arg) for arg in args])
Query: how to get the datatypes in python

def dtypes(self):
        """Returns all column names and their data types as a list.

        >>> df.dtypes
        [('age', 'int'), ('name', 'string')]
        """
        return [(str(f.name), f.dataType.simpleString()) for f in self.schema.fields]
Query: python win32api mouse position

def SetCursorPos(x: int, y: int) -> bool:
    """
    SetCursorPos from Win32.
    Set mouse cursor to point x, y.
    x: int.
    y: int.
    Return bool, True if succeed otherwise False.
    """
    return bool(ctypes.windll.user32.SetCursorPos(x, y))
Query: who check upper case in python

def uppercase_chars(string: any) -> str:
        """Return all (and only) the uppercase chars in the given string."""
        return ''.join([c if c.isupper() else '' for c in str(string)])
Query: how to normalize numbers with python

def normalize(numbers):
    """Multiply each number by a constant such that the sum is 1.0
    >>> normalize([1,2,1])
    [0.25, 0.5, 0.25]
    """
    total = float(sum(numbers))
    return [n / total for n in numbers]
Query: python check variable type is string

def is_unicode(string):
    """Validates that the object itself is some kinda string"""
    str_type = str(type(string))

    if str_type.find('str') > 0 or str_type.find('unicode') > 0:
        return True

    return False
Query: extract bits from large numbers python

def pack_bits( longbits ):
    """Crunch a 64-bit int (8 bool bytes) into a bitfield."""
    byte = longbits & (0x0101010101010101)
    byte = (byte | (byte>>7)) & (0x0003000300030003)
    byte = (byte | (byte>>14)) & (0x0000000f0000000f)
    byte = (byte | (byte>>28)) & (0x00000000000000ff)
    return byte
Query: python delete all rows from table sql

def wipe_table(self, table: str) -> int:
        """Delete all records from a table. Use caution!"""
        sql = "DELETE FROM " + self.delimit(table)
        return self.db_exec(sql)
Query: python detect interface existance

def _interface_exists(self, interface):
        """Check whether interface exists."""
        ios_cfg = self._get_running_config()
        parse = HTParser(ios_cfg)
        itfcs_raw = parse.find_lines("^interface " + interface)
        return len(itfcs_raw) > 0
Query: use template string in python to replcae later

def templategetter(tmpl):
    """
    This is a dirty little template function generator that turns single-brace
    Mustache-style template strings into functions that interpolate dict keys:

    >>> get_name = templategetter("{first} {last}")
    >>> get_name({'first': 'Shawn', 'last': 'Allen'})
    'Shawn Allen'
    """
    tmpl = tmpl.replace('{', '%(')
    tmpl = tmpl.replace('}', ')s')
    return lambda data: tmpl % data
Query: python check is valuie is str

def is_unicode(string):
    """Validates that the object itself is some kinda string"""
    str_type = str(type(string))

    if str_type.find('str') > 0 or str_type.find('unicode') > 0:
        return True

    return False
Query: python ctypes array of arrays

def GetAllPixelColors(self) -> ctypes.Array:
        """
        Return `ctypes.Array`, an iterable array of int values in argb.
        """
        return self.GetPixelColorsOfRect(0, 0, self.Width, self.Height)
Query: python calculate fft for wave form

def calculate_fft(data, tbin):
    """
    Function to calculate the Fourier transform of data.
    
    
    Parameters
    ----------
    data : numpy.ndarray
        1D or 2D array containing time series.
    tbin : float
        Bin size of time series (in ms).
    
    
    Returns
    -------
    freqs : numpy.ndarray
        Frequency axis of signal in Fourier space.         
    fft : numpy.ndarray
        Signal in Fourier space.
        
    """
    if len(np.shape(data)) > 1:
        n = len(data[0])
        return np.fft.fftfreq(n, tbin * 1e-3), np.fft.fft(data, axis=1)
    else:
        n = len(data)
        return np.fft.fftfreq(n, tbin * 1e-3), np.fft.fft(data)
Query: python ast visit get parent node

def assign_parent(node: astroid.node_classes.NodeNG) -> astroid.node_classes.NodeNG:
    """return the higher parent which is not an AssignName, Tuple or List node
    """
    while node and isinstance(node, (astroid.AssignName, astroid.Tuple, astroid.List)):
        node = node.parent
    return node
Query: remove leading zeros python

def __remove_trailing_zeros(self, collection):
        """Removes trailing zeroes from indexable collection of numbers"""
        index = len(collection) - 1
        while index >= 0 and collection[index] == 0:
            index -= 1

        return collection[:index + 1]
Query: print the full name of the day of the week python

def get_day_name(self) -> str:
        """ Returns the day name """
        weekday = self.value.isoweekday() - 1
        return calendar.day_name[weekday]
Query: python fibonacci user input

def fib(n):
    """Fibonacci example function

    Args:
      n (int): integer

    Returns:
      int: n-th Fibonacci number
    """
    assert n > 0
    a, b = 1, 1
    for i in range(n - 1):
        a, b = b, a + b
    return a
Query: permutations in python with three arguements

def product(*args, **kwargs):
    """ Yields all permutations with replacement:
        list(product("cat", repeat=2)) => 
        [("c", "c"), 
         ("c", "a"), 
         ("c", "t"), 
         ("a", "c"), 
         ("a", "a"), 
         ("a", "t"), 
         ("t", "c"), 
         ("t", "a"), 
         ("t", "t")]
    """
    p = [[]]
    for iterable in map(tuple, args) * kwargs.get("repeat", 1):
        p = [x + [y] for x in p for y in iterable]
    for p in p:
        yield tuple(p)
Query: python greater than string

def __gt__(self, other):
        """Test for greater than."""
        if isinstance(other, Address):
            return str(self) > str(other)
        raise TypeError
Query: how to pass a file to stdin in python

def file_or_stdin() -> Callable:
    """
    Returns a file descriptor from stdin or opening a file from a given path.
    """

    def parse(path):
        if path is None or path == "-":
            return sys.stdin
        else:
            return data_io.smart_open(path)

    return parse
Query: how to get only one row in sql database python using flask

def fetchvalue(self, sql: str, *args) -> Optional[Any]:
        """Executes SQL; returns the first value of the first row, or None."""
        row = self.fetchone(sql, *args)
        if row is None:
            return None
        return row[0]
Query: calculate mid points between numbers python

def _mid(pt1, pt2):
    """
    (Point, Point) -> Point
    Return the point that lies in between the two input points.
    """
    (x0, y0), (x1, y1) = pt1, pt2
    return 0.5 * (x0 + x1), 0.5 * (y0 + y1)
Query: python remove key from dictionary if exist

def dictlist_wipe_key(dict_list: Iterable[Dict], key: str) -> None:
    """
    Process an iterable of dictionaries. For each dictionary ``d``, delete
    ``d[key]`` if it exists.
    """
    for d in dict_list:
        d.pop(key, None)
Query: python json value as string

def string(value) -> str:
        """ string dict/object/value to JSON """
        return system_json.dumps(Json(value).safe_object(), ensure_ascii=False)
Query: python histogram get number of bins

def shape(self) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
        """Shape of histogram's data.

        Returns
        -------
        One-element tuple with the number of bins along each axis.
        """
        return tuple(bins.bin_count for bins in self._binnings)
Query: how to split sentence in python with delimiter

def split(text: str) -> List[str]:
    """Split a text into a list of tokens.

    :param text: the text to split
    :return: tokens
    """
    return [word for word in SEPARATOR.split(text) if word.strip(' \t')]