gonglinyuan/CoSQA huggingface dataset:
Query: how to change character in a string python using replace function

def __replace_all(repls: dict, input: str) -> str:
    """ Replaces from a string **input** all the occurrences of some
    symbols according to mapping **repls**.

    :param dict repls: where #key is the old character and
    #value is the one to substitute with;
    :param str input: original string where to apply the
    replacements;
    :return: *(str)* the string with the desired characters replaced
    """
    return re.sub('|'.join(re.escape(key) for key in repls.keys()),
                  lambda k: repls[k.group(0)], input)
Query: removing all words of a list from a text python

def remove_empty_text(utterances: List[Utterance]) -> List[Utterance]:
    """Remove empty utterances from a list of utterances
    Args:
        utterances: The list of utterance we are processing
    """
    return [utter for utter in utterances if utter.text.strip() != ""]
Query: how to read csv file into a numpy array python

def csv_to_numpy(string_like, dtype=None):  # type: (str) -> np.array
    """Convert a CSV object to a numpy array.

    Args:
        string_like (str): CSV string.
        dtype (dtype, optional):  Data type of the resulting array. If None, the dtypes will be determined by the
                                        contents of each column, individually. This argument can only be used to
                                        'upcast' the array.  For downcasting, use the .astype(t) method.
    Returns:
        (np.array): numpy array
    """
    stream = StringIO(string_like)
    return np.genfromtxt(stream, dtype=dtype, delimiter=',')
Query: python print string numpy array

def array2string(arr: numpy.ndarray) -> str:
        """Format numpy array as a string."""
        shape = str(arr.shape)[1:-1]
        if shape.endswith(","):
            shape = shape[:-1]
        return numpy.array2string(arr, threshold=11) + "%s[%s]" % (arr.dtype, shape)
Query: how to detect a legit url with python

def looks_like_url(url):
    """ Simplified check to see if the text appears to be a URL.

    Similar to `urlparse` but much more basic.

    Returns:
      True if the url str appears to be valid.
      False otherwise.

    >>> url = looks_like_url("totalgood.org")
    >>> bool(url)
    True
    """
    if not isinstance(url, basestring):
        return False
    if not isinstance(url, basestring) or len(url) >= 1024 or not cre_url.match(url):
        return False
    return True
Query: python check if set is a subset

def issubset(self, other):
        """
        Report whether another set contains this set.

        Example:
            >>> OrderedSet([1, 2, 3]).issubset({1, 2})
            False
            >>> OrderedSet([1, 2, 3]).issubset({1, 2, 3, 4})
            True
            >>> OrderedSet([1, 2, 3]).issubset({1, 4, 3, 5})
            False
        """
        if len(self) > len(other):  # Fast check for obvious cases
            return False
        return all(item in other for item in self)
Query: python remove phrase from list of strings

def remove_empty_text(utterances: List[Utterance]) -> List[Utterance]:
    """Remove empty utterances from a list of utterances
    Args:
        utterances: The list of utterance we are processing
    """
    return [utter for utter in utterances if utter.text.strip() != ""]
Query: python clearing a dict of any records with no values

def clean_map(obj: Mapping[Any, Any]) -> Mapping[Any, Any]:
    """
    Return a new copied dictionary without the keys with ``None`` values from
    the given Mapping object.
    """
    return {k: v for k, v in obj.items() if v is not None}
Query: python list to sql db field

def process_literal_param(self, value: Optional[List[int]],
                              dialect: Dialect) -> str:
        """Convert things on the way from Python to the database."""
        retval = self._intlist_to_dbstr(value)
        return retval
Query: python tensorflow shape to array

def astensor(array: TensorLike) -> BKTensor:
    """Covert numpy array to tensorflow tensor"""
    tensor = tf.convert_to_tensor(value=array, dtype=CTYPE)
    return tensor
Query: how to set python3 django apache

def validate_django_compatible_with_python():
    """
    Verify Django 1.11 is present if Python 2.7 is active

    Installation of pinax-cli requires the correct version of Django for
    the active Python version. If the developer subsequently changes
    the Python version the installed Django may no longer be compatible.
    """
    python_version = sys.version[:5]
    django_version = django.get_version()
    if sys.version_info == (2, 7) and django_version >= "2":
        click.BadArgumentUsage("Please install Django v1.11 for Python {}, or switch to Python >= v3.4".format(python_version))
Query: python create a tuple from input split

def _parse_tuple_string(argument):
        """ Return a tuple from parsing 'a,b,c,d' -> (a,b,c,d) """
        if isinstance(argument, str):
            return tuple(int(p.strip()) for p in argument.split(','))
        return argument
Query: how to swithc to an open window in windows 10 using python

def SwitchToThisWindow(handle: int) -> None:
    """
    SwitchToThisWindow from Win32.
    handle: int, the handle of a native window.
    """
    ctypes.windll.user32.SwitchToThisWindow(ctypes.c_void_p(handle), 1)
Query: python list all column names

def get_column_names(engine: Engine, tablename: str) -> List[str]:
    """
    Get all the database column names for the specified table.
    """
    return [info.name for info in gen_columns_info(engine, tablename)]
Query: how to exit a code in python

def Exit(msg, code=1):
    """Exit execution with return code and message
    :param msg: Message displayed prior to exit
    :param code: code returned upon exiting
    """
    print >> sys.stderr, msg
    sys.exit(code)
Query: python hsv to rgb code

def hsv2rgb_spectrum(hsv):
    """Generates RGB values from HSV values in line with a typical light
    spectrum."""
    h, s, v = hsv
    return hsv2rgb_raw(((h * 192) >> 8, s, v))
Query: python create dictionray from a list of keys

def encode_list(key, list_):
    # type: (str, Iterable) -> Dict[str, str]
    """
    Converts a list into a space-separated string and puts it in a dictionary

    :param key: Dictionary key to store the list
    :param list_: A list of objects
    :return: A dictionary key->string or an empty dictionary
    """
    if not list_:
        return {}
    return {key: " ".join(str(i) for i in list_)}
Query: python json dump to list

def __as_list(value: List[JsonObjTypes]) -> List[JsonTypes]:
        """ Return a json array as a list

        :param value: array
        :return: array with JsonObj instances removed
        """
        return [e._as_dict if isinstance(e, JsonObj) else e for e in value]
Query: list of arbitrary objects to counts in python

def count(args):
    """ count occurences in a list of lists
    >>> count([['a','b'],['a']])
    defaultdict(int, {'a' : 2, 'b' : 1})
    """
    counts = defaultdict(int)
    for arg in args:
        for item in arg:
            counts[item] = counts[item] + 1
    return counts
Query: remove characters string python

def strip_codes(s: Any) -> str:
    """ Strip all color codes from a string.
        Returns empty string for "falsey" inputs.
    """
    return codepat.sub('', str(s) if (s or (s == 0)) else '')
Query: get last day of month python

def get_last_day_of_month(t: datetime) -> int:
    """
    Returns day number of the last day of the month
    :param t: datetime
    :return: int
    """
    tn = t + timedelta(days=32)
    tn = datetime(year=tn.year, month=tn.month, day=1)
    tt = tn - timedelta(hours=1)
    return tt.day
Query: python create dictionary with keys and no values

def clean_map(obj: Mapping[Any, Any]) -> Mapping[Any, Any]:
    """
    Return a new copied dictionary without the keys with ``None`` values from
    the given Mapping object.
    """
    return {k: v for k, v in obj.items() if v is not None}
Query: python utcnow timezone aware

def get_now_utc_notz_datetime() -> datetime.datetime:
    """
    Get the UTC time now, but with no timezone information,
    in :class:`datetime.datetime` format.
    """
    now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
    return now.replace(tzinfo=None)
Query: how to check if a file is not empty in python

def file_exists(fname):
    """Check if a file exists and is non-empty.
    """
    try:
        return fname and os.path.exists(fname) and os.path.getsize(fname) > 0
    except OSError:
        return False
Query: python numpy ndarray yaml

def numpy_to_yaml(representer: Representer, data: np.ndarray) -> Sequence[Any]:
    """ Write a numpy array to YAML.

    It registers the array under the tag ``!numpy_array``.

    Use with:

    .. code-block:: python

        >>> yaml = ruamel.yaml.YAML()
        >>> yaml.representer.add_representer(np.ndarray, yaml.numpy_to_yaml)

    Note:
        We cannot use ``yaml.register_class`` because it won't register the proper type.
        (It would register the type of the class, rather than of `numpy.ndarray`). Instead,
        we use the above approach to register this method explicitly with the representer.
    """
    return representer.represent_sequence(
        "!numpy_array",
        data.tolist()
    )
Query: create set from file in python

def read_set_from_file(filename: str) -> Set[str]:
    """
    Extract a de-duped collection (set) of text from a file.
    Expected file format is one item per line.
    """
    collection = set()
    with open(filename, 'r') as file_:
        for line in file_:
            collection.add(line.rstrip())
    return collection
Query: python check if date is end of month

def is_end_of_month(self) -> bool:
        """ Checks if the date is at the end of the month """
        end_of_month = Datum()
        # get_end_of_month(value)
        end_of_month.end_of_month()
        return self.value == end_of_month.value
Query: string to uuid python

def uuid2buid(value):
    """
    Convert a UUID object to a 22-char BUID string

    >>> u = uuid.UUID('33203dd2-f2ef-422f-aeb0-058d6f5f7089')
    >>> uuid2buid(u)
    'MyA90vLvQi-usAWNb19wiQ'
    """
    if six.PY3:  # pragma: no cover
        return urlsafe_b64encode(value.bytes).decode('utf-8').rstrip('=')
    else:
        return six.text_type(urlsafe_b64encode(value.bytes).rstrip('='))
Query: how to check is a column is null in python

def is_not_null(df: DataFrame, col_name: str) -> bool:
    """
    Return ``True`` if the given DataFrame has a column of the given
    name (string), and there exists at least one non-NaN value in that
    column; return ``False`` otherwise.
    """
    if (
        isinstance(df, pd.DataFrame)
        and col_name in df.columns
        and df[col_name].notnull().any()
    ):
        return True
    else:
        return False
Query: supress python output shell

def suppress_stdout():
    """
    Context manager that suppresses stdout.

    Examples:
        >>> with suppress_stdout():
        ...     print('Test print')

        >>> print('test')
        test

    """
    save_stdout = sys.stdout
    sys.stdout = DevNull()
    yield
    sys.stdout = save_stdout
Query: python creating dictionary from list of lists

def encode_list(key, list_):
    # type: (str, Iterable) -> Dict[str, str]
    """
    Converts a list into a space-separated string and puts it in a dictionary

    :param key: Dictionary key to store the list
    :param list_: A list of objects
    :return: A dictionary key->string or an empty dictionary
    """
    if not list_:
        return {}
    return {key: " ".join(str(i) for i in list_)}
Query: python lower each element of list

def gen_lower(x: Iterable[str]) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
    """
    Args:
        x: iterable of strings

    Yields:
        each string in lower case
    """
    for string in x:
        yield string.lower()
Query: python invert a dict

def inverted_dict(d):
    """Return a dict with swapped keys and values

    >>> inverted_dict({0: ('a', 'b'), 1: 'cd'}) == {'cd': 1, ('a', 'b'): 0}
    True
    """
    return dict((force_hashable(v), k) for (k, v) in viewitems(dict(d)))
Query: remove hyper links from sentence in python

def remove_links(text):
    """
    Helper function to remove the links from the input text

    Args:
        text (str): A string

    Returns:
        str: the same text, but with any substring that matches the regex
        for a link removed and replaced with a space

    Example:
        >>> from tweet_parser.getter_methods.tweet_text import remove_links
        >>> text = "lorem ipsum dolor https://twitter.com/RobotPrincessFi"
        >>> remove_links(text)
        'lorem ipsum dolor  '
    """
    tco_link_regex = re.compile("https?://t.co/[A-z0-9].*")
    generic_link_regex = re.compile("(https?://)?(\w*[.]\w+)+([/?=&]+\w+)*")
    remove_tco = re.sub(tco_link_regex, " ", text)
    remove_generic = re.sub(generic_link_regex, " ", remove_tco)
    return remove_generic
Query: python parsing bits of stream

def decode_value(stream):
    """Decode the contents of a value from a serialized stream.

    :param stream: Source data stream
    :type stream: io.BytesIO
    :returns: Decoded value
    :rtype: bytes
    """
    length = decode_length(stream)
    (value,) = unpack_value(">{:d}s".format(length), stream)
    return value
Query: identify the most common number in an array python

def most_significant_bit(lst: np.ndarray) -> int:
    """
    A helper function that finds the position of the most significant bit in a 1darray of 1s and 0s,
    i.e. the first position where a 1 appears, reading left to right.

    :param lst: a 1d array of 0s and 1s with at least one 1
    :return: the first position in lst that a 1 appears
    """
    return np.argwhere(np.asarray(lst) == 1)[0][0]
Query: how to product of a list in python

def dotproduct(X, Y):
    """Return the sum of the element-wise product of vectors x and y.
    >>> dotproduct([1, 2, 3], [1000, 100, 10])
    1230
    """
    return sum([x * y for x, y in zip(X, Y)])
Query: how to capitalize a letter in a string python

def snake_to_camel(s: str) -> str:
    """Convert string from snake case to camel case."""

    fragments = s.split('_')

    return fragments[0] + ''.join(x.title() for x in fragments[1:])
Query: how to tell if a value is valid based of its base python

def check_valid(number, input_base=10):
    """
    Checks if there is an invalid digit in the input number.

    Args:
        number: An number in the following form:
            (int, int, int, ... , '.' , int, int, int)
            (iterable container) containing positive integers of the input base
        input_base(int): The base of the input number.

    Returns:
        bool, True if all digits valid, else False.

    Examples:
        >>> check_valid((1,9,6,'.',5,1,6), 12)
        True
        >>> check_valid((8,1,15,9), 15)
        False
    """
    for n in number:
        if n in (".", "[", "]"):
            continue
        elif n >= input_base:
            if n == 1 and input_base == 1:
                continue
            else:
                return False
    return True
Query: python curses set text colour

def ResetConsoleColor() -> bool:
    """
    Reset to the default text color on console window.
    Return bool, True if succeed otherwise False.
    """
    if sys.stdout:
        sys.stdout.flush()
    bool(ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(_ConsoleOutputHandle, _DefaultConsoleColor))
Query: python, get time zone info

def get_timezone() -> Tuple[datetime.tzinfo, str]:
    """Discover the current time zone and it's standard string representation (for source{d})."""
    dt = get_datetime_now().astimezone()
    tzstr = dt.strftime("%z")
    tzstr = tzstr[:-2] + ":" + tzstr[-2:]
    return dt.tzinfo, tzstr
Query: how to get visitor's language in python django

def get_language():
    """
    Wrapper around Django's `get_language` utility.
    For Django >= 1.8, `get_language` returns None in case no translation is activate.
    Here we patch this behavior e.g. for back-end functionality requiring access to translated fields
    """
    from parler import appsettings
    language = dj_get_language()
    if language is None and appsettings.PARLER_DEFAULT_ACTIVATE:
        return appsettings.PARLER_DEFAULT_LANGUAGE_CODE
    else:
        return language
Query: python join query string to url

def url_concat(url, args):
    """Concatenate url and argument dictionary regardless of whether
    url has existing query parameters.

    >>> url_concat("http://example.com/foo?a=b", dict(c="d"))
    'http://example.com/foo?a=b&c=d'
    """
    if not args: return url
    if url[-1] not in ('?', '&'):
        url += '&' if ('?' in url) else '?'
    return url + urllib.urlencode(args)
Query: get all the flags in python

def get_system_flags() -> FrozenSet[Flag]:
    """Return the set of implemented system flags."""
    return frozenset({Seen, Recent, Deleted, Flagged, Answered, Draft})
Query: count the frequency of an integer in a list python

def count(args):
    """ count occurences in a list of lists
    >>> count([['a','b'],['a']])
    defaultdict(int, {'a' : 2, 'b' : 1})
    """
    counts = defaultdict(int)
    for arg in args:
        for item in arg:
            counts[item] = counts[item] + 1
    return counts
Query: python3 flatten a list

def flatten_list(l: List[list]) -> list:
    """ takes a list of lists, l and returns a flat list
    """
    return [v for inner_l in l for v in inner_l]
Query: python pyodbc int to string

def process_literal_param(self, value: Optional[List[int]],
                              dialect: Dialect) -> str:
        """Convert things on the way from Python to the database."""
        retval = self._intlist_to_dbstr(value)
        return retval
Query: python list index for duplicated data

def _duplicates(list_):
    """Return dict mapping item -> indices."""
    item_indices = {}
    for i, item in enumerate(list_):
        try:
            item_indices[item].append(i)
        except KeyError:  # First time seen
            item_indices[item] = [i]
    return item_indices
Query: replace every instance of word in python string

def __replace_all(repls: dict, input: str) -> str:
    """ Replaces from a string **input** all the occurrences of some
    symbols according to mapping **repls**.

    :param dict repls: where #key is the old character and
    #value is the one to substitute with;
    :param str input: original string where to apply the
    replacements;
    :return: *(str)* the string with the desired characters replaced
    """
    return re.sub('|'.join(re.escape(key) for key in repls.keys()),
                  lambda k: repls[k.group(0)], input)
Query: how to get the length of a key python

def codes_get_size(handle, key):
    # type: (cffi.FFI.CData, str) -> int
    """
    Get the number of coded value from a key.
    If several keys of the same name are present, the total sum is returned.

    :param bytes key: the keyword to get the size of

    :rtype: int
    """
    size = ffi.new('size_t *')
    _codes_get_size(handle, key.encode(ENC), size)
    return size[0]
Query: python how to shorten the decimals in a float

def truncate(value: Decimal, n_digits: int) -> Decimal:
    """Truncates a value to a number of decimals places"""
    return Decimal(math.trunc(value * (10 ** n_digits))) / (10 ** n_digits)
Query: how to check whether a string is int in python

def _isint(string):
    """
    >>> _isint("123")
    True
    >>> _isint("123.45")
    False
    """
    return type(string) is int or \
           (isinstance(string, _binary_type) or isinstance(string, _text_type)) and \
           _isconvertible(int, string)
Query: add a local variable python setattr

def call_fset(self, obj, value) -> None:
        """Store the given custom value and call the setter function."""
        vars(obj)[self.name] = self.fset(obj, value)
Query: count occurences in a list python

def count(args):
    """ count occurences in a list of lists
    >>> count([['a','b'],['a']])
    defaultdict(int, {'a' : 2, 'b' : 1})
    """
    counts = defaultdict(int)
    for arg in args:
        for item in arg:
            counts[item] = counts[item] + 1
    return counts
Query: python make a put request to restful endpoint

def put(self, endpoint: str, **kwargs) -> dict:
        """HTTP PUT operation to API endpoint."""

        return self._request('PUT', endpoint, **kwargs)
Query: list of ms access table names python

def get_table_names_from_metadata(metadata: MetaData) -> List[str]:
    """
    Returns all database table names found in an SQLAlchemy :class:`MetaData`
    object.
    """
    return [table.name for table in metadata.tables.values()]
Query: remove extra whitespace from all kind of data frame column values in python

def clean_column_names(df: DataFrame) -> DataFrame:
    """
    Strip the whitespace from all column names in the given DataFrame
    and return the result.
    """
    f = df.copy()
    f.columns = [col.strip() for col in f.columns]
    return f
Query: python shortest distance on triangulated mesh

def signed_distance(mesh, points):
    """
    Find the signed distance from a mesh to a list of points.

    * Points OUTSIDE the mesh will have NEGATIVE distance
    * Points within tol.merge of the surface will have POSITIVE distance
    * Points INSIDE the mesh will have POSITIVE distance

    Parameters
    -----------
    mesh   : Trimesh object
    points : (n,3) float, list of points in space

    Returns
    ----------
    signed_distance : (n,3) float, signed distance from point to mesh
    """
    # make sure we have a numpy array
    points = np.asanyarray(points, dtype=np.float64)

    # find the closest point on the mesh to the queried points
    closest, distance, triangle_id = closest_point(mesh, points)

    # we only care about nonzero distances
    nonzero = distance > tol.merge

    if not nonzero.any():
        return distance

    inside = mesh.ray.contains_points(points[nonzero])
    sign = (inside.astype(int) * 2) - 1

    # apply sign to previously computed distance
    distance[nonzero] *= sign

    return distance
Query: python last item inl list

def butlast(iterable):
    """Yield all items from ``iterable`` except the last one.

    >>> list(butlast(['spam', 'eggs', 'ham']))
    ['spam', 'eggs']

    >>> list(butlast(['spam']))
    []

    >>> list(butlast([]))
    []
    """
    iterable = iter(iterable)
    try:
        first = next(iterable)
    except StopIteration:
        return
    for second in iterable:
        yield first
        first = second
Query: easy way to check is a boolean has changed in python

def needs_check(self):
        """
        Check if enough time has elapsed to perform a check().

        If this time has elapsed, a state change check through
        has_state_changed() should be performed and eventually a sync().

        :rtype: boolean
        """
        if self.lastcheck is None:
            return True
        return time.time() - self.lastcheck >= self.ipchangedetection_sleep
Query: python how to create date from string

def get_from_gnucash26_date(date_str: str) -> date:
    """ Creates a datetime from GnuCash 2.6 date string """
    date_format = "%Y%m%d"
    result = datetime.strptime(date_str, date_format).date()
    return result
Query: how to check if memory leak in python program

def memory_full():
    """Check if the memory is too full for further caching."""
    current_process = psutil.Process(os.getpid())
    return (current_process.memory_percent() >
            config.MAXIMUM_CACHE_MEMORY_PERCENTAGE)
Query: python how to ise math pow(x n)

def safe_pow(base, exp):
    """safe version of pow"""
    if exp > MAX_EXPONENT:
        raise RuntimeError("Invalid exponent, max exponent is {}".format(MAX_EXPONENT))
    return base ** exp
Query: check if value is infinity in python

def is_finite(value: Any) -> bool:
    """Return true if a value is a finite number."""
    return isinstance(value, int) or (isinstance(value, float) and isfinite(value))
Query: python round or cast to int

def proper_round(n):
    """
    rounds float to closest int
    :rtype: int
    :param n: float
    """
    return int(n) + (n / abs(n)) * int(abs(n - int(n)) >= 0.5) if n != 0 else 0