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11409338

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey%20Vlug

Jeffrey Vlug

Jeffrey Mike Vlug (born 6 June 1986) is a Dutch former professional footballer. He played as a winger. Vlug is a forward who was born in Woerden and made his debut in professional football, being part of the Sparta Rotterdam squad in the 2006-07 season. He would then play for a number of Dutch clubs, including Go Ahead Eagles and FC Eindhoven. In 2015, Vlug moved to Rijnsburgse Boys, but left again after six months. He later began playing for USV Hercules, where he was appointed team captain. Vlug decided to retire from football after the 2019-20 season, but as the Dutch competitions were cut short due to the COVID-19 pandemic, he officially retired on 3 April 2020.

52061970

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mieke%20Telkamp

Mieke Telkamp

Mieke Telkamp (; 14 June 1934 - 20 October 2016) was a Dutch singer. Her career spanned over 50 years, both as a singer and a TV personality. Telkamp's most popular song was the 1971 Dutch version of Amazing Grace, which sold over 1 million copies. Career Telkamp had several hits between 1953 and 1967. She became famous in 1953 with a cover of "Here in My Heart", a song made popular in 1952 by Al Martino. She then had success with the songs "Never on Sunday" and "Changing of the tides". She also had a lot of success in West Germany, the biggest hit being "Prego, prego gondeliere", which sold nearly one million copies. She used the name Mieke Telkamp because her surname Telgenkamp was thought to be too difficult for the West German market. She won first prize, the 'Golden Gondola' at the Venice Festival in 1957. In 1962 she participated in Eurovision Knokke and in 1964 performed in the 'Snip en Snap' Revue. In 1967, at her doctor's advice, she retired from show business due to abdominal complaints, but in the early 1970s she decided to revive her career. However, she only performed in record, radio and television studios, instead of live. After Telkamp's return to music, she achieved the biggest success of her career. in 1971 she received her first gold record for "Waarheen, waarvoor" (Where to, what for), a song with original Dutch lyrics by Charles Hille, written to the melody of "Amazing Grace", which sold over a million copies in the Netherlands. Together with De Hi-Five she recorded "Waarheen, waarvoor", conducted by Harry de Groot and arranged by Frank Jansen, who also produced it. For many years it was the most popular song at funerals in the Netherlands. Almost a million copies were sold of "Tulpen aus Amsterdam", a CD with all her German successes. Telkamp was the first Dutch singer who began to sing in German again after the Second World War, which was appreciated in German-speaking countries. Since 1955 many records were released in West Germany, of which "Du bist mein erster Gedanke" was the first. Her first German title "Morgen komm' ich wieder" was released only in the Netherlands in 1953 and became a great success. In 1978, Telkamp was the first person in show business to be knighted in the Royal Order of Oranje Nassau. Her final performance took place in 1990. In August 2008 a DVD was released titled "Alles voor jou" with visual content of 40 songs from the period 1959-1989. On December 13, 2008 Telkom received a Diamond Award from Omroep MAX for the sale of 1 million copies of "Waarheen, waarvoor". Telkamp made her final public appearance at Omroep MAX on March 10, 2011. Since then she lived in seclusion in Zeist. She died in 2016 at the age of 82.

2887410

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasturba%20Medical%20College

Kasturba Medical College

Kasturba Medical College, Manipal and Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, together known as KMC, are two private medical colleges in coastal Karnataka, India, established in 1953. The colleges were established as a single unit and later became two colleges with their own teaching hospitals. KMC was the first self-financing medical college in India. The colleges are constituent units of Manipal Academy of Higher Education, an Institution of Eminence Deemed to be University. History Early years The colleges were established as a single institution in 1953 by T M A Pai with the pre-clinical section at Manipal and the clinical section in Mangalore at Wenlock District Hospital. Manipal and Mangalore were then a part of the erstwhile Madras state. The government of Madras granted land to establish a college and permitted the use of government hospitals for training medical students. The first batch of students arrived in Mangalore in 1955 for their clinical training. In 1956, the colleges became part of the expanded Mysore state which was then renamed as Karnataka. Separation The clinical program commenced at Manipal in 1969 with the setting up of Kasturba Hospital. The colleges were later separated with the establishment of a pre-clinical section in Mangalore. Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore is attached to three government hospitals and was the first medical institution in India to be established as a public-private partnership. Affiliation with public universities From their establishment in 1953, until 1993, the colleges were affiliated with public universities in Karnataka. The colleges were affiliated to Karnatak University from their establishment until 1964. They were affiliated to Mysore University from 1965 to 1980 and to Mangalore University from 1981 to 1992. Deemed university In 1993, KMC Manipal and KMC Mangalore, along with colleges of dental surgery in Manipal and Mangalore were given deemed university status to form the Manipal Academy of Higher Education. In 2017, KMC Mangalore agreed to build a super specialty hospital at District Wenlock Hospital and extended its public private partnership with the government of Karnataka for another 33 years, i.e., until 2050. Campuses Manipal KMC Manipal is located in the university town of Manipal, a suburb in Udupi, Karnataka. It is situated within the campus of Manipal Academy of Higher Education. The campus at Manipal has a large Health Sciences Library and a Museum of Anatomy and Pathology. Mangalore KMC Mangalore is located in Mangalore. The campus at Mangalore is split into the Centre for Basic Sciences at Bejai and the main campus at Light House Hill Road.The campus includes six teaching hospitals, the T M A Pai Convention Centre and a large indoor sports complex. Connectivity The colleges are apart by road and are well connected. The nearest airport is Mangalore International Airport. Academics Courses Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) is the basic undergraduate medical degree awarded by the Manipal Academy of Higher Education at both the colleges after nine semesters of coursework and one year of internship. Postgraduate Doctor of Medicine (MD) and Master of Surgery (MS) are awarded after three years of residential training. Integrated MD-PhD and PhD Programs to train physician-scientists to take up a research career. Postdoctoral Doctorate of Medicine (DM) and Master of Chirurgiae (MCh) degrees are awarded after three years of postdoctoral super specialty training as a senior resident. Rankings KMC Manipal and KMC Mangalore were ranked 10th and 23rd respectively among the medical colleges of India in the NIRF 2021 Rankings. Manipal Academy of Higher Education was ranked 7th among universities in India in the NIRF 2021 Rankings. Manipal Academy of Higher Education was ranked in the 351-400 rank bracket in Medicine in the QS World University Rankings 2021, the third in India after AIIMS, New Delhi and PGIMER, Chandigarh. Admission KMC Manipal and KMC Mangalore admit 250 students each for the undergraduate MBBS course. Admission is based on the 'All India Rank' obtained in NEET (UG) conducted by NTA. 20% of the MBBS seats in KMC Mangalore are retained for candidates from Karnataka as part of the public private partnership. Admissions to postgraduate and super specialty courses are based on the rank obtained in NEET (PG) and NEET (SS) respectively. Admissions to nursing, physiotherapy, psychology and other allied health courses are based on the score obtained in the Manipal Entrance Test. Examinations The examinations at KMC Manipal and KMC Mangalore are conducted by the Manipal Academy of Higher Education according to guidelines laid down by the National Medical Commission. All exams are paperless and are written on a biometric secured tablet using a stylus. Teaching hospitals KMC Manipal Kasturba Hospital, Manipal Dr. TMA Pai Hospital, Udupi KMC Mangalore Unlike most medical colleges in India, KMC Mangalore is attached to both government and private hospitals. Wenlock District Hospital Lady Goschen Hospital KMC Hospital, Attavar KMC Hospital, Ambedkar Circle Regional Advanced Pediatric Care Centre Dr. TMA Pai Rotary Hospital, Karkala Manipal Hospitals Manipal Hospitals is a chain of multi-specialty hospitals in India. The hospitals trace their origins to the Kasturba Medical College. It is the second largest healthcare provider in India. Its network spread across 28 locations in India. The first hospital of the chain was established in 1991 in Bengaluru. In 1997, the second hospital of the chain was established as KMC Hospital (Ambedkar Circle), a 251-bed tertiary care hospital and also a teaching hospital of the Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. Manipal Hospitals uses IBM Watson for Oncology since 2016. Watson is the first commercially available cognitive computing cloud platform that analyzes high volumes of data understands complex queries and proposes evidence based answers for them. Manipal Hospitals have become the first in the country and the second in the world to implement IBM Watson for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In April 2019 Manipal Hospitals was looking forward to acquire Medanta Hospitals. The deal however fell through since the two parties could not agree on the share price. In 2021, Manipal Hospitals acquired Columbia Asia's India hospital chain for Rs 2,100 crore.

9092927

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashur-nadin-ahhe%20I

Ashur-nadin-ahhe I

Ashur-nadin-ahhe I (Assur-nadin-ahhe I) was a king of Assyria in the 15th century BC. He took power after the death of his father, Ashur-rabi I. During his reign, Assyria became a sporadic vassal of Mitanni. He was overthrown by his brother Enlil-Nasir II. A letter survives from him congratulating Egyptian Pharaoh Thutmose III on his victories in Palestine and Syria.

11791058

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awful%2C%20Beautiful%20Life

Awful, Beautiful Life

"Awful, Beautiful Life" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Darryl Worley. It was co-written with Harley Allen. It was released in June 2004 as the lead single from Worley's self-titled album. The song became his third and (to date) most recent No. 1 hit on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in January 2005, holding the position for two weeks. Content "Awful, Beautiful Life" is an up-tempo featuring accompaniment from electric guitar. The story, told in first person, describes the events of a Sunday in a young family man's life. The main protagonist reluctantly goes to church with his wife, despite having been out with his friends the night before. Later, the family attends a cookout and spends time with other family members. Later, everyone prays for a cousin who has been deployed to Iraq, well aware he may never return home alive. That night, as the protagonist lays in bed, he reflects on his day, thankful for his blessings and summing this all up by stating how he "love[s] this crazy, tragic, sometimes almost magic, awful, beautiful life." Critical reception People magazine noted that "the country singer exhibits an insightful awareness of life's vagaries" on the song, and designated it as the album's recommended download. Music video Directed by Cameron Casey, this video plays out the events related in the song's lyrics; Worley's participation in the events is interspersed with performance shots of him singing while standing in a field, standing by a fence and in front of a barn, and driving an old red chevy convertible. Near the end of the video, Worley is shown picking up his cousin and drops him off at his house. Chart performance "Awful, Beautiful Life" debuted at No. 56 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart the week of July 10, 2004. After a long climb up the chart, the song reached No. 1 the week of January 22, 2005. The song also peaked at No. 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 in early 2005.

27758592

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel%20L%C3%A9ontine%20Gabain

Ethel Léontine Gabain

Ethel Leontine Gabain, later Ethel Copley, (26 March 1883 - 30 January 1950) was a French-Scottish artist. Gabain was a renowned painter and lithographer and among the founding members of the Senefelder Club. While she was known for her oil portraits of actresses, Gabain was one of the few artists of her time able to live on the sale of her lithographs. She also did etchings, dry-points, as well as some posters. Biography Early life Gabain had four sisters and one brother. Her father was French and her mother, Bessie, was born in Scotland. Her father, Charles Edward Gabain was a well off French coffee importer and on his retirement he moved the family to England to The Manor House, Bushey, Hertfordshire. Gabain was born in France and lived there for over twenty years. When she moved to England she was well equipped. She knew the country and was able to speak fluent English due to the fact, from the age of fourteen, she had boarded at Wycombe Abbey School, Buckinghamshire. The school encouraged her art skills and commissioned her to paint a portrait of Miss Ann Watt Whitelaw, who was the headmistress there from 1911-1925. In 1902, Gabain studied at the Slade School of Fine Art in London before returning to France in 1903 to study at Raphael Collin's Studio in Paris. From 1904 to 1906 she studied at the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London. There, the artist, F. E. Jackson, taught Gabain the art of lithography. The Central, which was established in 1896 by the London County Council, offered instruction in the trades which were thought to be more artistic - lithography being one of them. Gabain was determined to produce her own lithographic prints and also enrolled at the Chelsea Polytechnic for a time. Here she learnt how to use a printing press. Gabain experimented with colour lithography and decided it was not how she wanted to work so she sought to produce brilliant rich black and white lithographs. The Senefelder Club In 1910, Gabain and her future husband John Copley, along with A.S Hartrick and Joseph Pennell, were among the founding members of the Senefelder Club. When the Club held its first exhibition at the Goupil Gallery in January that year, six lithographs by Gabain were included. In 1927 the club's members exhibited at the Modern British Engravings Exhibition - held in the Pavilion de Marsan, a wing of the Louvre. In 1929 she featured in the British Art exhibition in Sweden. Gabain and Copley married in 1913 and they lived in Kent for a time at The Yews in Longfield. Whilst here she adopted a small remarque in the shape of a yew tree in the lower margin of her prints. She also used images of the pergolas and the sundial at their home. The couple and their two sons, the actor Peter Copley and Christopher, moved to 10 Hampstead Square, NW3, where Gabain had her studio on the top floor and Copley had a press which they used to work together. In 1925 Copley was so ill it was decided that the family should leave England and live in Alassio, Italy. During the two and a half years they were there, Gabain painted the landscape and gave art classes and public lectures at the Alassio English School. Melancholic Images Whilst living and working in Paris Gabain began to work on a theme centred on 'melancholic young females.' She produced numerous lithographic images of a lonely young female. Gabain revisited this theme later on in her career and produced several different images of a sad young bride. She always used her favourite model, Carmen Watson, in these depictions. By the time Carmen was married in 1940 she had posed over sixty times for Gabain. It was through an earlier image, The Striped Petticoat, that she met Harold J. L. Wright of Messrs. Colnaghi and Co. He saw this lithograph and contacted Gabain to ask her if Colnaghi's could become her publishers. This led to a lifelong friendship. The melancholic theme continued with images centred on Pierrot and Columbine. Pierrot was based upon the character portrayed by Jean-Gaspard Deburau, a poignant, passionate and tragic person who plays the role of a sad clown madly in love with Columbine, a beautiful, young ballet dancer. Gabain loved the ballet and produced a series of young ballet dancers in different medias. Books In 1922, Monsieur Edmond Paix, a French collector, commissioned a special edition of 495 copies of Jane Eyre from the publisher Monsieur Leon Piton of Paris. He had seen one of Gabain's lonely female lithographs, The Striped Petticoat, and commissioned her to produce twenty-two lithographs for his edition, including a ghostly apparition of Jane Eyre. In 1924, Gabain received a commission for nine lithographs for The Warden by Anthony Trollope, and this was published by Elkin Mathews and Marrot Ltd., in 1926. Oil Paintings For financial reasons and due to a fall in the print market, Gabain moved to painting with oils. She sent her first oil painting, Zinnias, to the Royal Academy in 1927, where it was well received. She also painted a number of landscapes in oils and theatrical portraits of well known actresses in character. These included Peggy Ashcroft, Edith Evans, Adelaide Stanley, Flora Robson and Lilian Baylis. In 1932 she was elected to the Royal Society of British Artists and to the Royal Institute of Oil Painters the following year. Also in 1933, her portrait of Robson, Flora Robson as Lady Audley, was awarded the De Laszlo Silver medal by the Royal Society of British Artists. Gabain exhibited with both the Artists' International Association and the New English Art Club and, for extra income, would sometimes lecture on art history. In 1940, she was elected President of the Society of Women Artists. World War II In April 1940, Gabain was commissioned by the War Artists' Advisory Committee, WAAC, to produce four lithographs of Women's Voluntary Services members and four on the subject of children being evacuated from London and other cities. Gabain actually offered WAAC thirteen lithographs for this commission but they only accepted the original eight commissioned. WAAC published these as two sets of lithographs, Children in Wartime with five images and Women's Work in the War other than the Services, which had six images. In total WAAC acquired 38 works by Gabain during the War. For these commissions Gabain, although often in poor health, travelled all over Britain. She went to the Scottish Highlands to record the work of women lumberjacks, known as "lumberjills", at a Women's Land Army camp in Banffshire and to Devon to depict children evacuated there from London. Throughout the War, Gabain recorded women working in what, in peacetime, had been traditionally male crafts and trades. As well as women salvage workers, factory workers, ARP wardens and air raid workers, Gabain produced a portrait of Captain Pauline Gower of the Air Transport Auxiliary. In 1945, she produced a series of portraits that included Barbara Ward and Caroline Haslett. Gabain's WAAC commissions allowed her to explore her interest in the innovative medical techniques which were being developed during the war. In 1944, as well as depicting Sir Alexander Fleming working in the laboratory where he had discovered penicillin, Gabain also recorded, in A Child Bomb-Victim Receiving Penicillin Treatment, a young girl being treated with the drug. She recorded pioneering treatments of burns victims, including the introduction of a new continuous irrigation method. Several industrial firms commissioned works from Gabain. Williams and Williams, Reliance Works in Chester commissioned Gabain to produce a number of lithographs and oils. One oil shows Women Workers in the Canteen at Williams and Williams. These were brought about by Lawrence Haward, the curator of The City Art Gallery, now the Manchester Art Gallery. Gabain received two commissions from Ferranti Hollinwood - Working on the Cathode Ray Tubes and A Giro Compass; one from Richard Haworth & Co. Ltd. in Salford - The Weaver; and one from the British Cotton Industry Research Association - The Shirley Institute of Cotton Research. Later life In 1939 Gabain had become seriously ill and although she recovered somewhat, her health remained poor. Subsequently, she suffered from arthritis and also lost a kidney, but continued to paint and exhibit until her final months. Her work was also part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Gabain died on 30 January 1950 at her home in London. After her death her husband, John, organized a memorial exhibition of her paintings and lithographs at the Royal Society of British Artists, Suffolk Street, London. Memberships Gabain was a member of or affiliated with the following organisations: 1909: Founding member of the Senefelder Club, 1925: Member of the Society of Graphic Art, 1932: Member of the Royal Society of British Artists, 1933: Member of the Royal Institute of Oil Painters, 1934: Vice-president of Society of Women Artists, 1940: President of Society of Women Artists. References Further reading Thomson, Susan The Life and Works of Ethel Gabain Manchester Art Press, 2008 - Wright, Harold J. L. "The Lithographs of Ethel Gabain". The Print Collector's Quarterly, 10 (1923): 254-287. Wright, Harold J. L. The lithographs of John Copley and Ethel Gabain (Chicago: Albert Roullier Art Galleries, 1924) Guichard, Kenneth. British Etchers 1850 - 1940 Robin Garton, London, 1977 John Copley and Ethel Gabain, Garton & Cooke, London, 1985 Pears, Iain. The Lithographs of Ethel Gabain 1883-1950 London: The Fine Art Society PLC, 2003; listing 321 lithographs External links Works by Ethel Gabain in the Imperial War Museum collection.

938056

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart%20Norwich

Heart Norwich

Radio Broadland (later Heart Norwich) was an Independent Local Radio station for Norfolk and North Suffolk, including Norwich, Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft, until early 2009. The station, now part of the national Heart Network, is owned and operated by Global Radio. Station history On 1 October 1984, a new independent local radio station called "Radio Broadland" was launched by a Norfolk-based group with experience in local business, newspapers and television, but little in radio. Several people with extensive radio experience were brought in to start the station. Russell Stuart arrived from Gwent Broadcasting in Newport as managing director, Mike Stewart from Radio West in Bristol as programme controller and Robb Young moved from Radio Orwell in Ipswich as sales manager. Stewart put together the first team of presenters. Nick Risby joined from Red Rose Radio in Preston, Tony Gillham came from Chiltern and BBC Bedfordshire, Dave Brown from Radio Tees, Rob Chandler from Radio Orwell and Adrian Finighan from Gwent Radio. Dave Brown became programme controller of the station in the late 1990s, while Rob Chandler remained for 30 years, including more than 25 years as breakfast presenter, until leaving the station in December 2013. Another long server was Chrissie Jackson, who lasted for 27 years including 14 as joint breakfast host, until leaving at the same time as Rob Chandler. Bob Harris presented a weekly show on the station for a time after it launched, while he was living in the area. For the first two years, Radio Broadland went off air at 10pm until 6am the following morning. The station simulcasted on 97.6FM and 1152AM for three years, but in 1987, due to national changes in local radio frequencies, moved to 102.4FM. Broadland at the end of the 1980s was achieving an audience reach of 50 per cent and average weekly listening of up to 18 hours per listener, some of the best in the UK. In 1990, Broadland took over Suffolk Group Radio, which owned Radio Orwell in Ipswich and Saxon Radio in Bury St Edmunds and, to reflect the addition of the new stations, the company became East Anglian Radio. The two Suffolk stations were renamed and re-launched as SGR fm in 1992. The group later won the licence to launch a station in Colchester under the SGR banner in 1993. Initially, Radio Broadland played both classic hit music and current chart hits, but in 1995 the decision was made by the EAR group to make better use of the AM slot. Amber Radio was created in Norfolk and Suffolk playing 60s and 70s music, whilst Broadland 102 focused more on current and recent chart hits. The EAR group continued to be run by the original Broadland management team. In 1996, the GWR Group bid more than PS25 million for the East Anglian Radio group, which later resulted in changes to the station such as networked programming and a new strapline of "Today's Better Music Mix". The original management remained in different roles with GWR and then GCap, but had all left by 2003. Mike Stewart and Russell Stuart were part of a new company, Norwich Radio Group, which narrowly failed to win a new ILR licence advertised in 2005 for Norwich. In 2007, the station reverted to the name of Radio Broadland, adopting 'More Music Variety' to reflect an emphasis on classic hits in place of chart material. Also that year, as with all of GCap's One Network, the station gained a new logo and website. An offer of PS375 million for the GCap group from Global Radio, owner of Heart and LBC in London and Galaxy station, was accepted in 2008. All GCap's senior management departed on completion of the takeover. Heart re-brand In January 2009, Radio Broadland was renamed as Heart Norwich, as part of a major re-branding involving 29 stations owned by Global Radio. By this time, local programming was restricted to daily breakfast and weekday drivetime with all other output networked from London. Network restructuring On 21 June 2010, Global Radio announced plans to merge Heart Norwich with Heart Ipswich as part of plans to reduce the Heart network of stations from 33 to 16. The new station, Heart East Anglia, began broadcasting from Norwich on 3 September 2010. The former Radio Broadland studios in Norwich were closed, after nearly 35 years, in the summer of 2019, and the building was put up for sale. Broadcasting on the Heart network moved from a local to a regional basis, with Heart East Anglia emanating from studios at Milton Keynes. In April 2021, it was announced that the University of East Anglia would open a broadcast journalism course centre at the Colegate building in the autumn. It meant that the still-intact studio areas would be retained, just a few weeks before they were due to be demolished.

50373622

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978%20Big%20Eight%20Conference%20men%27s%20basketball%20tournament

1978 Big Eight Conference men's basketball tournament

The 1978 Big Eight Conference men's basketball tournament was held February 28-March 4 at a combination of on-campus gymnasiums and Kemper Arena in Kansas City, Missouri. Seventh-seeded upset defending champions in the championship game, 71-68 (in double overtime), to capture their first Big Eight men's basketball tournament. The Tigers, in turn, received a bid to the 1978 NCAA tournament. They were joined in the tournament by the Big 8's regular season champion, Kansas, who earned at-large bid. Format All eight of the conference's members participated in the tournament field. They were seeded based on regular season conference records, with all teams beginning play in the initial quarterfinal round. All first round games were played on the home court of the higher-seeded team. The semifinals and championship game, in turn, were played at a neutral site at Kemper Arena in Kansas City, Missouri.

17735736

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9%20de%20communes%20de%20Parthenay-G%C3%A2tine

Communauté de communes de Parthenay-Gâtine

The Communaute de communes de Parthenay-Gatine is the communaute de communes, an intercommunal structure, centred on the town of Parthenay. It is located in the Deux-Sevres department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, western France. It was created in January 2014 by the merger of the former Communaute de communes de Parthenay with 3 other former communautes de communes. Its area is 836.2 km2, and its population was 37,381 in 2018, of which 10,235 in Parthenay proper. It provides a framework within which local tasks common to the member communes can be carried out together. Amongst its other responsibilities, the communaute de communes organises the Festival Ludique International de Parthenay, a major games festival held in Parthenay every July. The former communaute de communes de Parthenay was established in 2001 by six communes in the Parthenay area. In 2010, the commune of Fenery joined the community.

40888220

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisol%20Carabal

Crisol Carabal

Crisol Celeste Caraballo Carreno best known as Crisol Carabal (born 11 January 1971) is a Venezuelan television and theater actress known for her roles in telenovelas. Career Crisol began her artistic career through reciting poems on a television show called Cuanto Vale el Show transmitted by RCTV, and started her acting career by obtaining small roles in RCTV telenovelas. She was trained in acting by actress and through this, she obtained her first acting role in the telenovela Abigail where she played the role of Charito, the best friend of the titular character played by Catherine Fulop. The telenovela became a major hit that year and was transmitted in various countries around the world. In 1995, she obtained her first starring role in the telenovela Ilusiones alongside Vicente Tepedino. In 2006, she played the villain in Venevision's telenovela Los Querendones where she played the cold hearted OB/GYN Dr. Gloria Millares. She recorded several telenovelas with Venevision in the following years namely Aunque mal paguen and La vida entera. She then relocated to Canary Islands, Spain with her husband, magician Mago Sandro. In 2012, Crisol returned to Venezuela to participate in the telenovela Mi ex me tiene ganas to play the villain Amanda Atenas. Personal life Her father is the poet Alejandro Caraballo. Since 2007 she is married to Alessandro Nerilli a magician. In 1997, Crisol was diagnosed with a brain tumor and underwent surgery which was successfully removed. Telenovelas 1988: [[Selva Maria]] as Daniela 1988: Abigail as Charito 1992: Por Estas Calles as Bettysabel 1993: Dulce Ilusion as Sarita 1994: Pura Sangre as Yomira Sarmiento 1995: Ilusiones as Marisol Palacios 1997: Maria de los Angeles as Alba Griselda Basanta Vargas 1998: Luisa Fernanda (telenovela) as Miriam Linares 2000: Mariu as Amanda Galvez Escorza 2000: Angelica pecado as Veronica 2002: Mambo y canela as Lolita 2003: Trapos intimos as Angela Chacon 2004: Estrambotica Anastasia as Gregoria Borosfky 2005: Ser Bonita No Basta as Michelle 2006: Los Querendones as Gloria Millares 2007: Aunque mal paguen as Malinka 2008: La vida entera as Titina San Juan 2012: Mi ex me tiene ganas as Amanda Atenas Films 2003: La senora de Cardenas as Angelica Theater 2004: Confesiones de Mujeres de 30 2009: ?Estas ahi?

12695310

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Warrior%20%281781%29

HMS Warrior (1781)

HMS Warrior was a 74-gun Alfred-class third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 18 October 1781 at Portsmouth. Service history A year after her launch she took part in the Battle of the Saintes captained by Sir James Wallace. She fought in the van of Admiral Sir George Rodney's fleet, taking twenty-six total casualties. Through this action Warrior lost her main topmast two days later. In July she transported Lieutenant-General Sir Robert Pigot to America. Warrior was laid up at Portsmouth between 1784 and 1795. In 1801, she was part of Admiral Sir Hyde Parker's reserve squadron at the Battle of Copenhagen. Warrior then joined the Channel fleet off Brest to assist in deterring French invasion. In 1805, she was part of Admiral Robert Calder's fleet at the Battle of Cape Finisterre under Samuel Hood Linzee. Later in December of that year she was involved in towing to Spithead. By 1806 she was assisting HMS Renown and HMS Minerva in attacking coastal trade around Ferrol and Vigo. In December Warrior became flagship in the Channel. From 1809 to 1811 Warrior was based in the Mediterranean. In October 1809 she assisted in capturing the islands of Zante and Cephalonia to stop the French from using them as outposts, with her guns covering the advance of the invasion force. While under the command of Captain the Viscount Torrington in 1813, Warrior was the ship chosen to convey Prince Frederick of the Netherlands to his homeland for the first time. On 10 August 1815, Warrior collided with the British merchant ship George in the Atlantic Ocean. George foundered with the loss of four lives. In the same year Warrior served as the flagship of John Erskine Douglas on the Jamaica Station Fate Warrior was laid up in September 1815 at Chatham. She became a receiving ship in August 1819 and was a temporary quarantine ship in 1831. She was fitted as a prison ship after 1840, and was eventually broken up in December 1857 at Woolwich. Citations References Clowes, William Laird (1898) The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to 1900 Volume Three. Sampson Low, Marston and Company. Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850.

55798404

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitler%27s%20Generals%20on%20Trial

Hitler's Generals on Trial

Hitler's Generals on Trial: The Last War Crimes Tribunal at Nuremberg is a 2010 book by Canadian historian Valerie Hebert dealing with the High Command Trial of 19471948. The book covers the criminal case against the defendants, all high-ranking officers of the armed forces of Nazi Germany, as well as the wider societal and historical implications of the trial. The book received generally positive reviews for its mastery of the subject and thorough assessment of the legacy of the trial. Contents Premise Hitler's Generals on Trial details the High Command Trial, officially known as "War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals", which was part of the Subsequent Nuremberg trials. Hitler's Generals on Trial focuses on two goals set out for the trials. The first, a didactic goal, which attempted to use the trials as a learning experience for the German nation regarding the depth of the complicity of their armed forces, the Wehrmacht, in the criminality of the Nazi regime. The second goal involved obtaining justice for the victims by punishing those involved. Handling the subject from an interdisciplinary perspective, Hebert addresses the issues of international military justice, post-war developments in West Germany, and how political considerations superseded the quest for justice. In this atmosphere the myth of the "clean Wehrmacht" thrived, and in the words of the author, the trial had "virtually no impact on German public consciousness". Prosecution and defence cases Using primary and secondary materials, Hebert discusses the proceedings themselves, the evolution of the American judicial policy towards war crimes, the preceding trials, and the post-conviction developments. Hebert focuses in particular on the cases against senior field commanders Hermann Hoth, Georg von Kuchler, and Georg-Hans Reinhardt, who led armies and army groups on the Eastern Front and were responsible for mass war crimes and crimes against humanity. She also details the cases against two key members of the OKW, German military's supreme command: Walter Warlimont, who composed the Barbarossa Jurisdiction Order, and Hermann Reinecke, in charge of the prisoner of war regulations, which led to the deaths of millions of Soviet POWs. In covering one tactic shared by defence counsels from different trials, Hebert reviewed a memorandum put forth at the Nuremberg Trial in 1945-1946. Co-authored by former chief of staff of the OKH (German Army High Command) Franz Halder and former field marshals Walter von Brauchitsch and Erich von Manstein, along with other senior military figures, the document aimed to portray the German armed forces as apolitical and largely innocent of the crimes committed by the Nazi regime. Hebert shows how that strategy was also adopted by the lead counsel for the defence in the High Command trial, Hans Laternser. Conclusion Hebert implicates the court's greater pedagogical failure as the cause of its failure to enact justice. While evidence of the specific war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the accused was damning, the book found that it was the defence that won the case in the court of Germany's public opinion. The German public proved to be too recalcitrant towards the idea of imposing consequences upon their military leaders. In a country where society has long-revered the military, the German public found the concept of punishment for its military leaders as anathema to their own personal sense of a moral, legal culture. Those motivations brought about various campaigns conducted by the German clergy and the government of the new Federal Republic on behalf of the convicted, which ultimately impacted the trial's conclusion. Faced with their concerted lobbying efforts, the American sentence review and clemency program reduced or commuted many of the sentences, which according to Hebert, brought failure to both of the trial's goals. Former military officers were the first to be released, including those convicted in the High Command Case. With various areas of German society doing what it could to influence the sentences of those on trial, none of the defendants remained in prison after 1957. Nevertheless, none of those found guilty were ever publicly exonerated of their crimes. Reception A review by historian Daniel Segesser in the Journal of Genocide Research finds the book a "welcome addition to this literature, [as it] focuses on a trial that has so far been neglected". According to Segasser, if Hebert had provided more information on the German military organization and function, she could have presented a clearer picture the Wehrmacht's inexorable ties to the Nazi regime's goals of conquest and annihilation. The review agrees with Hebert in that Americans did not fully achieve the objectives they had set out before the start of the case: ...but it must be remembered that the trials of German military figures between 1945 and 1949 brought to light many documents of inestimable value to historians (as in the Wehrmacht exhibition of the 1990s). Thus, although most of the crimes of the Wehrmacht were forgotten in the immediate wake of the proceedings, the didactic value of the High Command Trial was not completely lost. Reviewing Hitler's Generals on Trial in Military Review, Mark Montesclaros of the Army Command and General Staff College describes the book's treatment of the political context of the trial and subsequent developments as one of its "greatest insights". He points out that American authorities in Germany were not only seeking justice but, at the same time, trying to rebuild the German society, conduct a de-Nazification program, and recruit West Germany into a military coalition in the face of the looming Cold war with the Soviet Union. Faced with these conflicting priorities, the Americans opted for the reconciliation with the former enemy, which included clemency programs for those convicted in war crimes trials. Mark Montesclaros "highly recommends" the book to those interested in international military justice and post-war developments in Germany. Historian Alaric Searle notes the book's "success, with only 208 pages of text, [in] providing a readable, accessible, and tightly structured overview of an extremely complex case". He contrasts it with other literature on war crimes trials which he describes as "longwinded affairs, written by lawyers" and recommends Hitler's Generals on Trial for teaching purposes. American scholar Jonathan Lurie, reviewing the book in H-Net, finds that it "breaks new ground" and is "strongly recommended". Comparing it to the 2008 collection of essays, Atrocities on Trial: Historical Perspectives on the Politics of Prosecuting War Crimes, edited by Patricia Heberer and Jurgen Matthaus, which covered a number of war crimes trials, Lurie notes the strength of Hebert's book in thoroughly analysing a single case and its outcomes and lessons. He goes on to describe the work as an "outstanding contribution" that asks "difficult questions" about justice, retribution, and atonement. Author Valerie Hebert is an associate professor of history and interdisciplinary studies at Lakehead University, Canada. Her research and teaching include modern European history, Nazi Germany, the Holocaust, and genocide. Published by the University Press of Kansas in 2010, Hitler's Generals on Trial was Hebert's first major publication.

48153594

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren%20Chalk

Warren Chalk

Warren Chalk (1927-1988) was an English architect. He was a member of Archigram. Amongst the group he was known as "the catalyst of ideas". Early life and education Chalk, (John) Warren (1927-1987), architect, was born on 7 July 1927 at 32 Killarney Road, Wandsworth, London, the second of three sons of James Percival Chalk (1887-1962), Unitarian minister, and his wife, Gretchen Elisabeth Stovold, nee Brigden (1891-1972). He studied painting, then architecture at Manchester School of Art, now part of Manchester Metropolitan University. Professional life Chalk worked at London County Council where he designed with his east London friend and close colleague, Ron Herron. They made a reputation designing the London Southbank Centre, the Queen Elizabeth Hall, Purcell Room, Hayward Gallery, and the famous 'undercroft', now so popular with skate boarders. He taught at the Architectural Association School of Architecture () in Bedford Square, London, and regularly attended lectures from his peers. He was friends with Reyner Banham, James Stirling, James Gowan, Alison and Peter Smithson and Cedric Price who also attended AA events. His major contribution was the Archigram magazines, especially Issue 4 with the famous Zoom cover. Chalk and Herron won various competitions before their involvement with Archigram, notably 'Gasket Homes' was an early success. He was known as the most critical and abrasive of the Archigram group, questioning the banal, and his interests were broad and eclectic. He was always divided between architecture and painting.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagaon%20GNDG%20Commerce%20College

Nagaon GNDG Commerce College

Nagaon GNDG Commerce College is a commerce college situated in Panigaon, Nagaon. The College is affiliated with Gauhati University. Semester Courses Major Courses are in the subject of Accountancy, Management and Finance. The course consists of three academic years with two semesters in each academic year. BBA Course Course compromises of 3 academic years and each academic year consists of 2 semesters. Each semester shall approximately consist of 19 weeks of teaching. with Major in Physics, Chemistry, Zoology, Botany and Mathematics under Gauhati University will be started from next session 2020-2021 as per the Govt. Post-Graduate History Nagaon Gopinath Dev Goswami Commerce College is the only full-fledged institution of higher education in commerce, in the entire central Assam region. The college was started on 24 September 1984 on the premises of Sankardev Natya Chora under the name of Nagaon Commerce College. It was renamed as Nagaon GNDG Commerce College. after the name of late Gopinath Dev Goswami, an illustrious son of Nagaon and was shifted to its present site at Panigaon, Nagaon in 1991. The college owes its existence to the pioneering work of its founder President late Ratnakanta Bora, Rtd. and the founder-principal Sjt Kamal Chandra Goswami and the donations of the family of the late Gopinath Dev Goswami. Starting with only 139 students in the year of its inception, the college has blossomed into an institution for commerce education with a sizable number of students in its rolls every year.

6624382

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain%20View%20High%20School%20%28Utah%29

Mountain View High School (Utah)

Mountain View High School (MVHS) is located in Orem, Utah, United States. It is part of Utah County's Alpine School District. The school first opened its doors to the graduating class of 1980-81. Every year students from Orem Junior High and Lakeridge Junior High enter MVHS. Like other schools in Utah, it has been accredited by the Utah State Office of Education. History 2016 Stabbing incident On November 15, 2016, five students were stabbed in the boys locker room by a 16-year old student, who also turned the knife on themself. Each of the students received at least one stab wound, but none were considered life-threatening by the Orem Police Department. The student was arrested and booked into a juvenile correctional facility. Athletics The school sponsors fourteen sports and 24 varsity teams, including baseball, basketball, cheer, cross-country, football, golf, lacrosse, soccer, softball, swimming, tennis, track and field, volleyball, and wrestling. MVHS has won 91 UHSAA state athletic championships and seven national championships. As of November 2021, MVHS has more state championships than any other Utah high school in the sports of girls basketball, boys cross country, and girls cross country. The Utah Interscholastic Athletic Administrators Association (UIAAA) awarded MVHS the 5A classification Director's Cup for the 2020-21, 2021-22, and 2022-23 school years. The Director's Cup is awarded for athletic success (40%), academic achievement (40%), and student, school, and community sportsmanship (20%). In 2021, there was an allegation by a volleyball player from another Utah high school about intimidation and harassment by a Mountain View High School coach. Also in 2021, a football game spurred an investigation from the United States Department of Education Office for Civil Rights when fans allegedly used racial slurs and threw drinks at opposing players.

62137219

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clemens%20Alois%20Baader

Clemens Alois Baader

Clemens Alois Baader, also spelled Klement Alois Baader or Klemens Alois Baader (8 April 1762 in Munich - 23 March 1838 in Munich) was a German Roman Catholic theologian. Biography He was the son of personal physician Joseph Franz von Paula Baader (1733-1794). He attended a high school in Munich before he studied theology at the University of Ingolstadt, where he earned a doctor's degree in philosophy (Dr. Then he was active in the consistories of Augsburg and Salzburg. He became a canon of Freising on 25 August 1787. He was appointed a member of the Academy of sciences of his native city on 30 May 1797, then of the Erfurt Academy of Sciences of Public Utility on 10 July 1797. He was called to Salzburg in 1811, then to Burghausen in 1816 and came back to his native town in on 22 March 1817. He spent his retirement in Munich and died in 1838. In 1807, he became a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities Works Fragmente a. d. Tagebuche eines Menschen und Christen (1791) Reisen durch verschiedene Gegenden Deutschlands in Briefen (two volumes; from 1795 to 1797) Eduards Briefe uber die franzosische Revolution (1796) Gedanken und Vorschlage eines bairischen Patrioten in drei Briefen uber Geistlichkeit und Landschulen (1801) Aussichten, Wunsche und Beruhigung furs Vaterland (1801) Nothwendigkeit der individuellen Sacularisation etc. (1802) Das gelehrte Baiern oder Lexikon aller Schriftsteller, welche Baiern im 18. Jahrhundert erzeugte, A-K (1804; no further volume published) Kurze Geschichte der Kriegsvorfalle zu Ulm im Spatherbst 1805 (1806) Blumen aus verschiedenen Garten, Aphorismen etc. (from 1822 to 1824) Freundschaftliche Briefe (1823) Lexikon verstorbener bairischer Schriftsteller des 18. und 19.

49649872

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Marshall%20%28Maine%20politician%29

Thomas Marshall (Maine politician)

Thomas H. Marshall (1826-1861) was an American politician and military commander from Maine. Marshall, a resident of Belfast, Maine and graduate of Bowdoin College, served two terms in the Maine House of Representatives (1857-1858) and two terms in the Maine Senate (1859-1860). During his final term in the Maine Senate, Marshall was elected Senate President. With the outbreak of the American Civil War, Marshall left elected office and became a major in the 4th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment, which assembled in Rockland, Maine in May 1861. Marshall was later transferred to the 7th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment, where he was at first a lieutenant colonel and later the commanding officer. He became ill with a fever and died in Baltimore along with 80 others in the 7th Maine Regiment.

7985635

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ%20Church%20Cathedral%20%28Cincinnati%29

Christ Church Cathedral (Cincinnati)

Christ Church Cathedral, Cincinnati, is the cathedral church of the Episcopal Diocese of Southern Ohio, United States. History Christ Church was founded in 1817 by then missionary Rev. (future Bishop and Presiding Bishop) Philander Chase, and prominent early settlers of Cincinnati including William Henry Harrison (who became the ninth president of the United States) and Dr. Daniel Drake. In 1820, the church was formally incorporated in the State of Ohio; the first building was on East Sixth Street. In 1835, the church moved to its present location at 318 East Fourth Street. The red-brick structure of 1835 was modeled after the old Stepney church St. Dunstan's in London. The Gothic Revival-style Parish House was built in 1907, which today provides office space, rooms for classes and meetings, a gymnasium, the cathedral library and the cathedral shop. The Centennial Chapel, located north of the present cathedral, was erected in 1917 to commemorate the church's centennial anniversary, and provides a setting for smaller worship services and concerts as well as a still space for individual prayer and meditation. It may have been designed by prominent Cincinnati architect Frederick W. Garber's firm. The 1835 building, deemed unsafe, was replaced in 1957 with the current building, designed in a bold modern style by David Briggs Maxfield. Although it incorporates features such as the stained glass windows from the original church erected in 1835, the building is in stark contrast to the older buildings in the cathedral complex. It was extensively remodeled in the 1980s and then again in the 1990s. On Palm Sunday 1993, Christ Church was consecrated the cathedral of the Episcopal Diocese of Southern Ohio, succeeding the former St. Paul Episcopal Cathedral, Cincinnati. The following year, the largest renovation project in the history of Christ Church began, involving the church and the entire church complex, and the cathedral was rededicated in 1998. Christ Church Cathedral today Christ Church continues its history of service to the community that extends back two centuries. In 2021, the Very Reverend Owen C. Thompson became the first African American dean of the cathedral. Thompson is the son of The Right Reverend Herbert Thompson, Jr., who served as the Diocesan Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Southern Ohio from 1992 to 2005. That same year, a Richard, Fowkes & Co. Opus 24 organ was installed in the cathedral at the back the cathedral's sanctuary.

42737034

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Palace%20of%20the%20Arabian%20Nights

The Palace of the Arabian Nights

The Palace of the Arabian Nights () is a 1905 silent fantasy film directed by Georges Melies. The film, inspired by the One Thousand and One Nights, follows the adventures of a prince whose bravery and devotion are tested in a magical quest to win the hand of his beloved. Plot In a mythical Arabian kingdom, the noble but penniless Prince Sourire (French for "smile") loves the beautiful Princess Indigo, and asks his father, a mighty Rajah, for her hand in marriage. The Rajah angrily sends the Prince away; he has already promised Indigo's hand to an old friend of his, the wealthy usurer Sakaram. Indigo protests vehemently as Sourire is driven away by guards. Returning to his private chamber, Sourire weeps with grief and accidentally overturns an incense burner. Smoke pours out of the burner, from which appears the sorcerer Khalafar. After hearing the prince's story, the sorcerer takes him under his protection and presents him with a magic sword, promising that if the prince is courageous and determined, the sorcerer will lead him to an abundant treasure that will allow him to win his love. Sourire willingly agrees and sets off on the adventure, followed soon after by his friends, who wish to stop him from doing anything foolhardy. Arriving in a temple, the prince falls to his knees in supplication at an altar to a goddess, Siva (presumably inspired by the Hindu deity Siva). The statue of the goddess above the altar comes miraculously to life and sends Sourire off in an ornate boat driven by a blue dwarf. The boat navigates a sacred river and brings Sourire to an impenetrable forest, which magically opens up to reveal secret caverns guarded by a Fairy of Gold. Sourire and his friends descend into a Crystal Grotto, where their courage is tested by attacks from genii of fire, will-o'-the-wisps, phantom skeletons, a fire-breathing dragon, and a flock of monstrous toads. Sourire remains steadfast and puts the monsters to flight. Khalafar appears and congratulates the prince for passing the trial period; he will now be rewarded for his efforts. Sourire is led into the Palace of the Arabian Nights and given an enormous treasure. Back in the Rajah's kingdom, the day of Indigo's marriage to Sakaram has arrived. Just as the two are about to be married in the palace courtyard, trumpets sound and Prince Sourire appears, bedecked in his newly found finery and followed by a procession revealing his riches. The astounded Rajah allows Indigo to marry Sourire at last. The delighted crowd casts Sakaram out of the courtyard and celebrates the marriage of the Prince and Princess. Production Though clearly inspired by the One Thousand and One Nights, the plot of the film is not taken from any single story in that collection; rather, Melies combined the visual iconography of the work and elements from various stories, including the liberated genie from the folk tale of Aladdin, into an original adventure narrative that would allow ample scope for spectacle and special effects. The result is a simple story full of exotic settings and spectacular moments, highly reminiscent of the plots of feeries, spectacular French stage productions popular in the nineteenth century. Melies appears in the film as the sorcerer Khalafar. One of Melies's costume sketches lists the other actors he planned to cast: "Mlles Calviere, Bodson, Billuart et Pelletier. The Palace of the Arabian Nights was the second Melies film, after The Barber of Seville (1904), to be longer than 400 meters. The film, one of Melies's most opulently designed, is notable for a stronger emphasis on spectacle, and slightly more relaxed pace, than Melies's earlier films had shown; this change of style may have been influenced by Edwin S. Porter's 1903 film version of Uncle Tom's Cabin or by the lavish historical dramas then in vogue among Italian filmmakers. To costume his film, Melies took advantage of the availability of a sizable stock of costumes he had purchased the same year from a bankrupt stage costuming house, the Maison Lepere. The film's numerous props include almost all of those that had previously been seen, or would later be seen, in other Melies films: thus, the Moorish door for the Temple of Gold was borrowed from The Human Fly (1902), the puppet dragon returns in The Witch (1906), the ruins reappear in Sightseeing Through Whisky (1907), and so on. The Palace of the Arabian Nights itself, painted in trompe l'oeil style on a flat backdrop, looks exactly like the salle de glaces (hall of mirrors) featured at the Paris Exposition of 1900. Along with the lavish costumes and scenery, another main focus of the film is the spectacular special effects. Melies's techniques for creating these effects included stage machinery, pyrotechnics, substitution splices, superimpositions, and dissolves. The transparency effect of phantom skeletons was created through multiple exposure, with the images of the fighting protagonists and the ghostly skeletons recorded over each other so that both would be visible. Melies's catalogue description for the film shows particular pride in the scene in which an apparently impenetrable forest, painted on flats arranged to show depth of space, magically parts to reveal a temple: "This decoration which was made only after considerable labor is a veritable marvel of achievement. It possesses a great artistic beauty." Release and reception The film was released by Melies's Star Film Company and is numbered 705-726 in its catalogues, where it was advertised as a grande feerie orientale nouvelle. Both a complete print running 28 minutes and an abridged version running 22 minutes were sold by Melies; both versions were available in either black-and-white or hand-colored prints. In a study of cinematic depictions of Arabic culture, the writer Jack Shaheen criticizes The Palace of the Arabian Nights for including some of the imagery that would become stereotypical in Hollywood versions of the Middle East, citing the opening scene in which "submissive maidens attend a bored, greedy, black-bearded potentate" while "a stocky palace guard cools the ruler" with a giant fan. By contrast, the historian Robert Irwin, in an essay on Melies's film and other screen versions of the One Thousand and One Nights, argues that "not too much should be made" of this stereotyping, saying that "film-makers have treated British medieval history in a similarly cavalier fashion in films about the adventures of Robin Hood, while a fantasy history of the Old West has been conjured up by the thousands of cowboy films made in Hollywood." Film critic William B. Parrill, reviewing silent films in the 2010s, highlighted the skeleton fight scene, saying it "foreshadows similar and not necessarily more imaginative scenes in the films of Ray Harryhausen". Academic theorist Antonia Lant, in an analysis of haptics in cinema, lauded the scene with the magically parting forest, writing: "Melies chose motifs that probed or highlighted the alluring yet illusory depths of the cinema, the impossible compressions and expansions of far and near, the unclear identities of figure and ground." Cultural historian Richard Abel highlighted that the cultural milieu evoked by Melies "turns into a kind of world tour, eclectically combining" various real and imaginary exotic locations across the Middle East and Asia, "and, in a clever twist that exposes the mask of the 'other' and its dangers, the Palace of the Arabian Nights, where the treasure is hidden, turns out to look much like the Musee Grevin in Paris."

28827909

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregation%20of%20France

Congregation of France

The Congregation of France (French: Labaye de Sainte Genevieve et la Congregation de France lit: The Abbey of Sainte Genevieve and the Congregation of France) was a congregation of houses of canons regular in France.. Its members were called Genovefains after the Abbey of St Genevieve, the motherhouse of the congregation. History The congregation was founded by Cardinal de La Rochefoucauld, commendatory abbot of St Genevieve at the behest of Louis XIII to reform the monastic communities in France, starting with those closest to Paris. In April 1622 La Rochefoucauld was named papal commissioner for the reform of the old religious orders in France. He called Charles Faure from the Abbey of St. Vincent in Senlis, where Faure had already initiated the formal observance of the Rule of St. Augustine. Faure was elected Prior General of the new congregation, a position he held until his death in 1652. Although the motherhouse was St. Genevieve, the congregation held its General Chapter at St. Vincent every three years, to honor its role in the reform of the canonical life in France. The religious habit that they wore were white, covered by a linen rochet, and a black cloak for outside the abbey. The administration of parishes was an essential part of the Genovefains' work. One of the earliest to come under their care was Saint-Etienne-du-Mont, adjacent to St. Genevieve. In 1683 the parish church of Saint-Medard in the Faubourg Saint-Marcel was placed under the jurisdiction of the abbot of the nearby abbey. The antiquary Richard Augustine Hay became a canon at St. Genevieve in 1678. Astronomer and naval geographer, Alexandre Guy Pingre was made librarian of St. Genevieve and built an observatory at the Abbey. Around 1740, Louis, Duke of Orleans decided to retire to the Abbey of St Genevieve. From then on, he became known as Louis le Genovefain. By the eighteenth century the order had 107 monasteries and over 1300 canons, who primarily cared for the sick in their hospitals and almshouses. The congregation was suppressed during the French Revolution. In 1744 King Louis XV vowed that if he recovered from his illness he would replace the dilapidated abbey church of St Genevieve with a building worthy of the patron saint of Paris. Work proceeded slowly and the re-modelled abbey church of St. Genevieve was finally completed in 1790, shortly after the beginning of the French Revolution, when it became the Pantheon. The abbey later became the Lycee Henri-IV.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick%20Parkinson

Nick Parkinson

Sir Nicholas Fancourt Parkinson (5 December 1925 - 12 September 2001) was a senior Australian Public Servant. He was Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs between February 1977 and September 1979. Early life Nick Parkinson was born in England on 5 December 1925, migrating to Australia with his family when his father was appointed headmaster of King's School Parramatta. Career Parkinson joined the Department of External Affairs as a cadet in 1951. Rising up the ranks, he was appointed a Deputy Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs in 1974. He was named Australian Ambassador to the United States in 1976. Before departing on the post, he said that it was "enormously important" to keep in touch with American thinking on the Soviet Union, the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, China and Japan. Parkinson returned from Washington to become the Secretary of the Department in 1977. Whilst head of the department, he suffered severe eyestrain. In 1979, he left his Secretary role to return to the United States as Australian Ambassador once again. Awards Parkinson was made a Knight Bachelor in 1979.

247215

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawm

Shawm

The shawm () is a conical bore, double-reed woodwind instrument made in Europe from the 12th century to the present day. It achieved its peak of popularity during the medieval and Renaissance periods, after which it was gradually eclipsed by the oboe family of descendant instruments in classical music. It is likely to have come to Western Europe from the Eastern Mediterranean around the time of the Crusades. Double-reed instruments similar to the shawm were long present in Southern Europe and the East, for instance the ancient Greek, and later Byzantine, aulos, the Persian sorna, and the Armenian duduk. The body of the shawm is usually turned from a single piece of wood, and terminates in a flared bell somewhat like that of a trumpet. Beginning in the 16th century, shawms were made in several sizes, from sopranino to great bass, and four- and five-part music could be played by a consort consisting entirely of shawms. All later shawms (excepting the smallest) have at least one key allowing a downward extension of the compass; the keywork is typically covered by a perforated wooden cover called the fontanelle. The bassoon-like double reed, made from the same arundo donax cane used for oboes and bassoons, is inserted directly into a socket at the top of the instrument, or in the larger types, on the end of a metal tube called the bocal. The pirouette, a small wooden attachment with a cavity in the center resembling a thimble, surrounds the lower part of the reed--this provides support for the lips and embouchure. Since only a short portion of the reed protrudes past the pirouette, the player has only limited contact with the reed, and therefore limited control of dynamics. The shawm's conical bore and flaring bell, combined with the style of playing dictated by the use of a pirouette, gives the instrument a piercing, trumpet-like sound, well-suited for outdoor performances. Etymology In English the name first appears in the 14th century. There were originally three main variant forms, (1) ( or ), (2) ( or , all plural forms in Middle English), and (3) (or ), each derived from a corresponding variant in Old French: , , and (the plural of ), each in turn derived from the Latin ('reed'), or its Vulgar Latin diminutive form, . The early plural forms were often mistaken for a singular, and new plurals were formed from them. The later reduction in the 15th and 16th centuries to a single syllable in forms such as schalme, shaume, shawme, and finally (in the 16th century) shawm, was probably due to this confusion of plural and singular forms. In German the shawm is called (or for the larger members of the family --also in English in the 14th century--later corrupted to and finally in the 17th century to Pommer) This is borne out by the very similar names of many folk shawms used as traditional instruments in various European nations: in Spain, many traditional shawms with different names can be found, such as the Castilian, Aragonese, and Leonese dulzaina (sometimes called chirimia, a term that derives from the same Old French word as shawm); the Valencian and Catalan shawms (, , or gralla) or the Navarrese gaita. In Portugal there is an instrument called ; and the name of the Italian shawm is (or: , ). However, it is also possible that the name comes from the Arabic (), a traditional oboe from Egypt, as the European shawm seems to have been developed from similar instruments brought to Europe from the Near East during the time of the Crusades. This Arabic name is itself linguistically related to many other Eastern names for the instrument: the Arabic , the Turkish zurna, the Persian surnay, the Chinese suona, the Javanese , and the Hindu or sanayi. Use Instruments resembling the medieval shawm can still be heard in many countries today, played by street musicians or military bands. The latter use would have been familiar to crusaders, who often had to face massed bands of Saracen shawms and nakers, used as a psychological weapon. It must have had a profound effect, for the shawm was quickly adopted by Europeans, to accompany dance as well as for military purposes. The standard outdoor dance band in the fifteenth century consisted of a slide trumpet playing popular melodies, while two shawms improvised countermelodies over it. In many Asian countries, shawm technique includes circular breathing allowing continuous playing without pauses for air. By the early 16th century the shawm had undergone considerable development. The harsh tonality of the medieval shawm had been modulated somewhat by a narrowing of the bore and a reduction in the size of the fingerholes. This also extended the range, enabling the performer to play the notes in the second octave. Larger sizes of shawm were built, down to the great bass in B, two octaves and a major third below the soprano in D. However, the larger sizes were unwieldy, which made them somewhat rare. The smaller sizes of shawm, chiefly the soprano, alto and sometimes the tenor, were more often coupled with the Renaissance trombone, or sackbut, and the majestic sound of this ensemble was much in demand by civic authorities. The shawm became standard equipment for town bands, or waits, who were required to herald the start of municipal functions and signal the major times of day. The shawm became so closely associated with the town waits ( in German and in Italian) that it was also known as the wait-pipe. Before the discovery of a still shawm aboard the shipwreck of the Mary Rose, instrument historians had been puzzled by references to "still shawms", or "soft" shawms, that were said to have a sound that was less shrill than earlier shawms. The still shawm disappeared from the musical scene in the 16th century; the instrument found on the Mary Rose is the only surviving example. A reproduction has been made and played. Combined with a pipe and tabor, it provides a "very effective bass part" that would have produced "rich and full sound, which would have provided excellent music for dancing on board ship". The shawm was reserved almost exclusively for outdoor performance--for softer, indoor music, other instruments such as the crumhorn and cornamuse were preferred. These were double reed instruments fitted with a capsule that completely enclosed the reed, which softened the sound but still did not allow for any variation in dynamics. Known by the Spanish term chirimia, the shawm remains an important ritual instrument among Maya peoples of Highland Guatemala. Accompanied by a drum, the chirimia is frequently used in processions and in certain ritual dances, such as the Dance of the Conquest (Baile de la Conquista), and this is still played today. Progeny of the shawm A tenor shawm in C with a single key [without the customary lower extension to G], with a range of a perfect twelfth, was described as a nicolo according to Michael Praetorius in his Syntagma Musicum II (1619), pages 23 and 36, but was not illustrated. Praetorius does, however, illustrate in Plate 13 in the supplementary volume of illustrations, the (1620), along with crumhorns, a bassett:nicolo which has the outward appearance of a capped shawm with four keys, but in fact conceals a mostly cylindrical bore. Oboe The shawm inspired the later 17th-century hautbois, an invention of the French musician Martin Hotteterre (d. 1712). He is credited with devising essentially a brand-new instrument, one which borrowed several features from the shawm, chiefly its double reed and conical bore, but departed from it significantly in other respects, the most important departure being the fact the player places his lips directly on the reed with no intervening pirouette. Around 1670, the new French began replacing the shawm in military bands, concert music and opera; by 1700, the shawm had all but disappeared from concert life, although as late as 1830 shawms could still be heard in German town bands performing their municipal functions. Curiously, the Germans and Dutch continued to manufacture an ornate version of the shawm, called , well after the introduction of the French . Several examples of this instrument survive in European collections, although its exact musical use is unclear. Dulcian/bassoon The 16th-century proclivity for building instruments in a full range of sizes was naturally extended to the shawm, but the extreme length of pipe of the bass instruments meant that few were built and played, due to their cumbersome size. A solution was devised whereby the bore was in effect "folded back" upon itself, creating a much more manageable instrument. The new instrument is often referred to as the dulcian, and was called curtal in England, or in Germany and Italy, and in Spain. The dulcian, like the first oboes, employed direct lip-to-reed contact, which allowed for much greater control over the sound than was offered by shawms. This led to the dulcian becoming very popular, serving as a bass both to the other shawms and even to indoor ensembles that did not feature shawms, afforded by its ability to play quietly. The dulcian was the forerunner to the bassoon, which like the oboe was a Baroque invention. Charumera The , or , is a double-reed instrument in traditional Japanese music descended either from shawms brought to Japan by Portuguese Christian missionaries, or possibly Iberian traders in the 16th century. It is sometimes used in kabuki theatre performances. It is also strongly associated in popular culture with street vendors of ramen, who played a distinctive melody on it to attract customers. Modern performances Instruments of the Middle Ages and Renaissance--David Munrow and The Early Music Consort of London City of Lincoln Waites (The Mayor of Lincoln's own Band of Musick) Many recordings by Piffaro, The Renaissance Band feature shawms See also Bombard, a shawm of Brittany Gyaling, a Tibetan shawm-type instrument Hirtenschalmei or "shepherd's shawm" Hornpipe, a similar instrument with bagpipe fingering Piffero, a similar instrument from Italy which is still used in Italian folk music Taepyeongso, a shawm-type instrument used in folk music in Korea References Bibliography Baines, Anthony. Woodwind Instruments and Their History, third edition, reprinted with corrections 1977, with a foreword by Sir Adrian Boult. London: Faber & Faber . Unaltered reprinted, New York: Dover Publications, 1991. External links Video of a band in Germany in Lubeck 2017 playing "shawms"; the Germans call this instrument a "Schalmei". Definitely will bring a smile to your face!

31564909

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetlana%20Ponomarenko

Svetlana Ponomarenko

Svetlana Ponomarenko (; born 28 November 1969) is a Russian long-distance runner who competes professionally in marathon races. She has a best of 2:29:55 hours for the distance. She won six consecutive marathons--going unbeaten from 2006 to 2008--winning in Frankfurt, Dallas (twice), Minneapolis, Nashville and Athens, Greece. Career Born in Orenburg, Soviet Union, she began running marathons in 1999. Ponomarenko was third at the Stockholm Marathon in June and was fourth at the Cesano Boscone Marathon in Italy that October. She began taking part in major European competitions soon after, coming sixth at the Millennium edition of the Rome City Marathon in 2000 and taking third place at the 2001 Athens Classic Marathon. At the 2002 Athens Marathon, she was some distance behind the winner and came sixth in just under three hours. She led for much of the 2004 Athens Marathon, but ended up in third place behind Ethiopian rivals. Her performances were much improved in the 2005 season: she recorded a time of 2:31:26 for fifth at the Frankfurt Marathon and was also fourth at that year's Prague Marathon. She took her first race victory at the Frankfurt race the following year as a late surge saw her overtake all challengers and improve her best to 2:30:05 hours. Ponomarenko made her first appearance on the United States road circuit in December and she ran for time, completing a solo run at the Dallas White Rock Marathon to take another win and personal best by dipping under the two and a half hour mark with 2:29:55 hours. She continued her marathon win-streak into the following year with a win at the Twin Cities Marathon in hot conditions. Her fourth consecutive victory over the distance came at the Athens Marathon. Making her fourth appearance at the competition, she finished almost eight minutes ahead of the next best woman to set a race record of 2:33:19. Ponomarenko's race at the 2008 Country Music Marathon in Nashville saw the Russian again cross the tape some distance ahead of her rivals, with runner-up Olena Shurkhno some three minutes adrift. Severe winds affected her performance at the Dallas Marathon at the end of the year but she managed to take her second career win in the city. Her streak of six wins, going undefeated for three years, came to an end at the 2009 San Antonio Rock 'n' Roll Marathon, where she was second to her younger compatriot Tatyana Pushkareva. She was again the runner-up at the Twin Cities Marathon in 2010, finishing behind Ethiopian Buzunesh Deba. She was again beaten by Deba at the 2011 Los Angeles Marathon, but her eighth place finish made the 41-year-old the top masters athlete at the event.

16796575

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20E.%20Thomas

John E. Thomas

John Edward Thomas (9 April 1926 - 14 October 1996) was a British-born Canadian philosopher and pioneer of medical ethics in Canada. Biography Early life and education Born in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales in 1926, John Thomas moved to Birmingham, England with his parents, David Llewlyn Thomas and Ann Olwyn Thomas, where he worked for two years at the Birmingham Small Arms. Thomas moved to Scotland to enter the Bible Training Institute in Glasgow, and there met Moreen Duff Muir (4 May 1928 - 18 May 2022), daughter of William C. Muir a noted herbalist and Jeanne Duff. Thomas married Muir in 1947 and they left the United Kingdom for Canada, where they settled in St. Catharines, Ontario. In 1949, their first child, David William Thomas was born. John Thomas completed entered high school in St. Catharines, completed his grade 13 curriculum and then enrolled at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada in a Bachelor of Arts program. The Thomas family moved to Toronto in 1950 where John Thomas took the pastorship of Ebenezer Baptist Church on Burnhamthorpe Road, in Etobicoke, Ontario. Their second child Ian Campbell Thomas was born in 1950. Thomas was the pastor at Ebenezer while he completed his Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Divinity degrees at McMaster University. In 1954, the Thomas family migrated to the United States, where John Thomas won a scholarship at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina in the masters program in philosophy. John Thomas completed the masters and doctorate programs (PhD) at Duke University in 1960. In 1960, the Thomas family returned to Hamilton, Ontario where John Thomas accepted an assistant professorship at the Department of Philosophy at McMaster University. Thomas lectured at McMaster until his retirement in 1993. Lecturing and other work From 1960 to 1991 Thomas was faculty in the Department of Philosophy at McMaster University. His second-year philosophy (2D3) 3 credit course, Medical Ethics and Human Life, was very successful with thousands having taken the class. Topics included abortion, euthanasia, consent and medical experimentation. Mill's utilitarianism, Kant's universalizability, W.D. Ross's ranking system of prima-facie duties. He was also Adjunct Professor of Medicine at McMaster University's Faculty of Health Sciences. He was a columnist for The Canadian Doctor from 1986 to 1988, and a columnist for Canadian Family Physician from 1991 to 1996. Personal life Thomas is the father of actor and comedian Dave Thomas and musician Ian Thomas. Works Russell in Review (Publisher: Hakkert & Company Toronto 1976) Matters of life and Death (Publisher: Samuel Stevens, Toronto 1978) Musings on the Meno (Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff 1980) Well and Good (Publisher: Broadview Press 1987).

1127668

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Kienholz

Edward Kienholz

Edward Ralph Kienholz (October 23, 1927 - June 10, 1994) was an American installation artist and assemblage sculptor whose work was highly critical of aspects of modern life. From 1972 onwards, he assembled much of his artwork in close collaboration with his artistic partner and fifth wife, Nancy Reddin Kienholz. Throughout much of their career, the work of the Kienholzes was more appreciated in Europe than in their native United States, though American museums have featured their art more prominently since the 1990s. Art critic Brian Sewell called Edward Kienholz "the least known, most neglected and forgotten American artist of Jack Kerouac's Beat Generation of the 1950s, a contemporary of the writers Allen Ginsberg, William Burroughs and Norman Mailer, his visual imagery at least as grim, gritty, sordid and depressing as their literary vocabulary". Early life Edward Ralph Kienholz was born in Fairfield, Washington, in the dry eastern part of the state. He grew up on a wheat farm, learning carpentry, drafting, and mechanical skills. His father was strict, and his mother was a religious fundamentalist; the rebellious son longed to escape this constricted environment. He studied art at Eastern Washington College of Education and briefly, at Whitworth College in Spokane, but did not receive any formal degree. After a series of odd jobs, working as an orderly in a psychiatric hospital, manager of a dance band, used car salesman, caterer, decorator, and vacuum cleaner salesman, Kienholz settled in Los Angeles, where he became involved with the avant-garde art scene of the day. Artistic development In 1956, Kienholz opened the NOW Gallery, for which Michael Bowen designed the sign; that year he met grad student Walter Hopps, who owned the Syndell Gallery. They co-organized the All-City Art Festival, then in 1957, with poet Bob Alexander, they opened the Ferus Gallery on North La Cienega Boulevard. The Ferus Gallery soon became a focus of avant garde art and culture in the Los Angeles area. Despite his lack of formal artistic training, Kienholz began to employ his mechanical and carpentry skills in making collage paintings and reliefs assembled from materials salvaged from the alleys and sidewalks of the city. In 1958 he sold his share of the Ferus Gallery to buy a Los Angeles house and studio and to concentrate on his art, creating free-standing, large-scale environmental tableaux. He continued to participate in activities at the Ferus Gallery, mounting a show of his first assemblage works in 1959. In 1961, Kienholz completed his first large-scale installation, Roxy's, a room-sized environment which he showed at the Ferus Gallery in 1962. Set in the year 1943, Roxy's depicts Kienholz's memories of his youthful encounters in a Nevada brothel complete with antique furniture, a 30s era jukebox, vintage sundries, and satirical characters assembled from castoff pieces of junk. This artwork later caused a stir at the documenta 4 exhibition in 1968. A 1966 show at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) drew considerable controversy over his assemblage, Back Seat Dodge '38 (1964). The Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors called it "revolting, pornographic and blasphemous", and threatened to withhold financing for the museum unless the tableau was removed from view. A compromise was reached under which the sculpture's car door would remain closed and guarded, to be opened only on the request of a museum patron who was over 18, and only if no children were present in the gallery. The uproar led to more than 200 people lining up to see the work the day the show opened. Ever since, Back Seat Dodge '38 has drawn crowds. LACMA did not formally acquire the work until 1986. In 1966, Kienholz began to spend summers in Hope, Idaho, while still maintaining studio space in Los Angeles. Also around that time, he produced a series of Concept Tableaux, which consisted of framed text descriptions of artwork that did not yet exist. He would sell these works of early Conceptual Art (though the term was not in widespread use at the time) for a modest sum, giving the buyer the right (upon payment of a larger fee) to have Kienholz actually construct the artwork. He sold a number of Concept Tableaux, but only The State Hospital progressed to a completed artwork. Kienholz's assemblages of found objects--the detritus of modern existence, often including figures cast from life--are at times vulgar, brutal, and gruesome, confronting the viewer with questions about human existence and the inhumanity of twentieth-century society. Regarding found materials he said, in 1977, "I really begin to understand any society by going through its junk stores and flea markets. It is a form of education and historical orientation for me. I can see the results of ideas in what is thrown away by a culture." Kienholz occasionally incorporated defunct or operating radios or televisions into their works, sometimes adding sound and moving images to the overall effect. Live animals were selectively included as crucial elements in some installations, providing motion and sound that contrasted starkly with frozen tableaus of decay and degradation. For example, The Wait, a dismal scene of a lonely skeletal woman surrounded by memories and waiting for death, incorporates a cage with a live parakeet cheerfully chirping and hopping about. The bird is considered an integral part of the installation, but requires special attention to ensure that it remains healthy and active, as described in the Whitney Museum's online catalog and video. Another well-known work, The State Hospital, incorporates a pair of black goldfish swimming in each of two glass goldfish bowls representing the head of an inmate suffering with mental illness. Kienholz's work commented savagely on racism, aging, mental illness, sexual stereotypes, poverty, greed, corruption, imperialism, patriotism, religion, alienation, and most of all, moral hypocrisy. Because of their satirical and antiestablishment tones, their works have often been linked to the funk art movement based in San Francisco in the 1960s. Although he was an atheist and despised feigned religiosity, Keinholz carefully preserved an anonymous store window shrine discovered in Spokane, Washington. Calling this found outsider artwork The Jesus Corner, Keinholz exhibited it in a Spokane museum in 1984, and then showed it at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Ten years later, Keinholz insisted on selling it at a reduced price to the Missoula Art Museum in Missoula, Montana, to ensure that it would be on view in an environment he felt comfortable with. Collaboration with Nancy Reddin (1972-1994) In 1981, Ed Kienholz officially declared that all his work from 1972 on should be retrospectively understood to be co-authored by, and co-signed by, his fifth wife and collaborator, former photojournalist Nancy Reddin Kienholz. Collectively, they are referred to as "Kienholz". Their work has been widely acclaimed, particularly in Europe. In the early 1970s, Kienholz received a grant that permitted him to work in Berlin. His most important works during this period were based on the Volksempfangers (fixed-channel radio receiving apparatus from the National Socialist period in Germany). In 1973 he was guest artist of the German Academic Exchange Service in Berlin. In 1974 Edward Kienholz performed with Jannis Kounellis, Wolf Vostell, and other artists in Berlin at the ADA - Aktionen der Avantgarde. In 1973, Kienholz and Reddin moved from Los Angeles to Hope, Idaho, and for the next twenty years they divided their time between Berlin and Idaho. In 1976 he received a Guggenheim Fellowship. In 1977 he opened "The Faith and Charity in Hope Gallery" at their Idaho studio, and showed both established and emerging artists, including Francis Bacon, Jasper Johns, Peter Shelton, and Robert Helm. The Keinholzs continued to produce their own new installations and sculptures for exhibition. Death Edward Kienholz died suddenly in Idaho on June 10, 1994, from a heart attack after hiking in the mountains near their home. He was a chronic smoker who had been struggling with diabetes, which progressively impaired use of his extremities. He was buried in an authentic Kienholz installation; Robert Hughes wrote, "[H]is corpulent, embalmed body was wedged into the front seat of a brown 1940 Packard coupe. There was a dollar and a deck of cards in his pocket, a bottle of 1931 Chianti beside him and the ashes of his dog Smash in the back. He was set for the afterlife. To the whine of bagpipes, the Packard, steered by his widow Nancy Reddin Kienholz, rolled like a funeral barge into the big hole." After Edward's death, Nancy Reddin Kienholz continued to administer their joint artistic estate, organizing shows and exhibitions, until her own death in 2019. Exhibitions Retrospectives of Kienholz's work have been infrequent, due to the difficulty and expense of assembling fragile, literally room-sized sculptures and installations from widely dispersed collections around the world. Kienholz work has often been difficult to view, both because of its subject matter, and the logistics of displaying it. Relatively few of the major works had been on display in the US, the Kienholzes' native land, though American museums have now started to feature their work more prominently, especially after a major retrospective (posthumous) exhibition in 1996 at the Whitney Museum of American Art. The Bowers Museum (Santa Ana, California), the Dayton Art Institute, the Honolulu Museum of Art, the National Gallery of Art (Washington, DC), the Oakland Museum of California, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the University of Arizona Museum of Art, Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), the Weisman Art Museum at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Whitney Museum of American Art (New York) are among the public collections holding work by Kienholz. The diverse and freely improvised materials and methods used in Kienholz works pose an unusual challenge to art conservators who try to preserve the artist's original intent and appearances. Treatment of Back Seat Dodge '38 for clothes moths presented an awkward situation, which was deftly addressed by the Getty Conservation Institute and the J. Paul Getty Museum in behalf of LACMA, the owner of the artwork. In 2009, the National Gallery in London mounted an exhibition of The Hoerengracht (Dutch: Whores' Canal), a 1980s streetscape installation portraying the red light district of Amsterdam, Netherlands. From May 6 to June 19, 2010, Kienholz's Roxy's (1960) was meticulously reconstructed and visible through the aperture of two panoramic windows at David Zwirner Gallery in New York City. In 2011, Kienholz's work was visited with renewed attention in Los Angeles partly as a result of the Pacific Standard Time series of exhibitions, which saw his powerful 1972 installation Five Car Stud reinstalled at LACMA. The oversized installation is framed by five vehicles parked in a circle, their headlights illuminating a stark racial hatred castration scene. It was exhibited in Los Angeles and Germany in 1972, then purchased by a Japanese collector and kept in storage for almost 40 years, known only through documentary photos from those exhibitions. In September 2011, it was re-installed at LACMA. At Art Basel 2012, it was purchased by the Prada Foundation. Kienholz's work entitled The Jesus Corner is now on display at the Museum of Arts and Culture in Spokane, Washington. Legacy Kienholz is acknowledged as a pioneer, as early as 1960 with Roxy's, of what came to be known as installation art and assemblage art. He also produced early works of conceptual art with his Concept Tableau series in the mid-1960s. In 1968, Ed Kienholz's carefully documented and self-consciously outrageous behavior in what has been called the "TWA Incident" revealed aspects of what would later be called "performance art". In spite of his claims to be merely a rough working-class carpenter and mechanic, Kienholz was well aware of his position in the contemporary art scene, and acted assertively to shape his image and legacy. French philosopher Jean-Francois Lyotard's book Pacific Wall (Le mur du pacifique) is an extended meditation on Keinholz's Five Card Stud installation. References Further reading -- Largest book of Kienholz work published before Ed's death; places his art in a broad cultural context as well as asserting its importance in the history of American and modern art. -- Catalog of definitive retrospective (posthumous) exhibition at the Whitney Museum of American Art -- Exhibition catalog of the last major installation assembled by Kienholz before Ed's death, at the National Gallery, London External links Interview of Edward Kienholz, part of Los Angeles Art Community - Group Portrait, Center for Oral History Research, UCLA Library Special Collections, University of California, Los Angeles. Solo and Group Exhibitions 1961-2010. LACMA Edward Kienholz Images of objects (in English) Library Maxima Moshkova (in Russian) Illustrated essay Ed & Nancy Reddin Kienholz at LA Louver Gallery -- Capsule review of the definitive catalog of Kienholz artwork Kienholz. The Signs of the Times. Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt Video: Kienholz Exhibition Frankfurt, Germany, October 22, 2011.

20146911

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huayacocotla%20%28municipality%29

Huayacocotla (municipality)

Huayacocotla is a municipalitity of the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is located in the state's Huasteca Baja region. The municipal seat is the town of Huayacocotla. In the 2005 INEGI Census, the municipality reported a total population of 20,765, of whom 5,211 lived in the municipal seat. Of the municipality's inhabitants, 779 (4.30%) spoke an indigenous language, primarily Nahuatl. Huayacocotla Municipality covers a total surface area of 571.79 km2. It borders Ilamatlan and Zontecomatlan de Lopez y Fuentes to the north; Texcatepec and Zacualpan to the east; and with the state of Hidalgo to the south and west.

58501962

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberta%20Leighton

Roberta Leighton

Roberta Maxine Leighton (nee Haslam; April 27, 1932 - November 15, 2002) was an American drag racer. She was the first woman licensed by the National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) to race competitively. She was also the first woman to win a national title, in the 1962 U.S. Nationals at Indianapolis, in the J/S class. In 2002, shortly before her death, she received a lifetime achievement award at the World Finals at Pomona. Racing career Leighton started drag racing in 1952. Along with other family members, she was a member of the Dust Devils Car Club, which ran Inyokern Dragstrip in the high desert of Southern California. Leighton became interested in cars at age 10 around her father who was a mechanic. Leighton, like fellow racers Carol Cox and Shirley Shahan, campaigned to allow women to compete equally with men. Leighton, in 1963, was the first woman licensed to compete in NHRA's Gas class. She was good friends with fellow racer Shahan, and shared a sense of camaraderie with the other women racers, including Cox, Shirley Muldowney, Barbara Hamilton, and Paula Murphy. Leighton's husband, Robert (commonly called Gus) served with a number of sanctioning bodies, including the Southern California Timing Association(SCTA). "), married well-known racer Bernie Partridge, a friend of NHRA founder Wally Parks and himself a later NHRA Vice President. Leighton was uniquely well placed to get changes made. In 1962, Leighton won her class (J/Stock) at the U.S. Nationals at Indianapolis, in a 1960 Chevrolet El Camino. She later turned the Camino into an injected alky-burner. Her son, David, still owns the 1960 J/S-winning Camino, which he hopes to put back on the strip some day. Leighton suffered third-degree burns in a 1963 house fire, keeping her out of racing until 1965. Pioneering skin grafts by doctors at the NAWS China Lake hospital helped save her ankles and her racing career. She came back to sportsman class racing in 1965, and kept racing in competition classes until 1978, when she switched to bracket racing for twelve years. Later life and death In later years, Leighton served as a track official, working at national, division and local races. She also helped run Inyokern Dragstrip. Leighton died of cancer on November 15, 2002.

48256300

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Miller%20House

Arthur Miller House

Arthur Miller House, also known as the 253 East Market Guesthouse, is a historic home located at Nappanee, Elkhart County, Indiana. It was built in 1922, and is a -story, rectangular, three bay by two bay, Colonial Revival style brick dwelling. It has a side gable roof and features a one-story front portico supported by Ionic order columns. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. It is located in the Nappanee Eastside Historic District.

26265214

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado%20%28Little%20Big%20Town%20album%29

Tornado (Little Big Town album)

Tornado is the fifth studio album by American country music group Little Big Town. It was released on September 11, 2012 via Capitol Nashville. "Pontoon," which was released in April 2012 as the album's lead-off single, has since become their first number one song on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and Little Big Town's fastest-rising single to date. The album's second single, "Tornado," was released on October 1, 2012. It became their first album since 2005's The Road to Here to produce two top 10 singles and to be certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Commercial performance "Tornado" debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200, selling 113,000 copies in its first week. The album stayed atop the Billboard Country Albums charts for its first 5 weeks, making it their longest running number one album. As of December 2013, the album has sold 1,025,000 copies in the United States. It is the band's first album since The Road to Here to receive a certification from the RIAA. It is also their first album of their career to have two certified singles from the RIAA.

1141087

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o%20Paulo%20Art%20Biennial

São Paulo Art Biennial

The Sao Paulo Art Biennial (Portuguese: Bienal de Sao Paulo) was founded in 1951 and has been held every two years since. It is the second oldest art biennial in the world after the Venice Biennale (in existence since 1895), which serves as its role model. History The Biennial was founded by the Italian-Brazilian industrialist Ciccillo Matarazzo (1898-1977). Since 1957, the Sao Paulo Biennial has been held in the Ciccillo Matarazzo pavilion in the Parque do Ibirapuera. The three-story pavilion was designed by a team led by architects Oscar Niemeyer and Helio Uchoa, and provides an exhibition space of 30,000 m2. The Sao Paulo Bienal features both Brazilian and international contemporary art and is considered to be one of the most important large-scale art exhibitions in Brazil and South America. After completing the 6th Bienal, the Sao Paulo Biennial Foundation was created to take the exhibition forward, which until then had been organized (with great success) by the Museu de Arte Moderna de Sao Paulo (MAM-SP). And the pavilion the institution occupies - its home to this day - only began holding the Bienal exhibitions starting with its 4th edition in 1957. Since 1951, 32 Bienals have been produced with the participation of 170 countries, more than 16 thousand artists and almost 10 million visitors, making direct contact possible between the Brazilian public and the visual, theatrical and graphic arts, music, film, architecture, and other forms of artistic expression from around the world. The 1998 edition cost almost $12 million and drew nearly 400,000 visitors during a two-month run. The 25th biennial was originally scheduled for 2000 but was delayed to 2002 after a gigantic exhibition marking the 500th anniversary of Brazil's discovery by the Portuguese was organized by former biennial president Edemar Cid Ferreira and booked into the Ciccillo Matarazzo pavilion. That year, for the first time, the chief curator of the biennial was a foreigner, Alfons Hug from Germany. The biennial's initial aim was to make contemporary art (primarily from Western Europe and the United States) known in Brazil, push the country's access to the current art scene in other metropolises, and establish Sao Paulo itself as an international art center. Naturally, the biennial always serves to bring Brazilian art closer to foreign guests. Artists, works and countries Highlights year by year 1st Bienal, 1951 The first Bienal was held by the Museum of Modern Art of Sao Paulo (MAM-SP) in a temporary pavilion located on the Belvedere Trianon, in the neighborhood along Paulista Avenue. Abraham Palatnik's first Aparelho cinecromatico (1949) was initially rejected by the selection committee on the grounds that it did not fit any of the established categories, though the work was later accepted and awarded an honorable mention by the international jury. 2nd Bienal, 1953 Known as the "Guernica Bienal", in reference to Pablo Picasso's 1937 masterpiece, the 2nd Bienal is by far one of the most memorable editions of the event. Exhibiting twice as many artworks as the first edition, the 2nd Bienal was held at two pavilions designed for the newly inaugurated Ibirapuera Park by Oscar Niemeyer (1917-2012): the States Pavilion (presently the Pavilion of Brazilian Cultures) and the Nations Pavilion (now home to the Afro Brasil Museum). The exhibition continued into the following year as part of the celebrations for Sao Paulo's 400th anniversary. 3rd Bienal, 1955 Having established itself as an important event in international art world, the Bienal's 3rd edition featured the Mexican muralists Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros. 4th Bienal, 1957 In the 4th Bienal, many Brazilian artists contested the selection process and Ciccillo Matarazzo's inordinate influence. This was the first time the Bienal was held at its present home, the Industry Pavilion at Ibirapuera Park. This edition was surrounded by controversy when works by several leading names in the Brazilian art scene, such as Flavio de Carvalho, were turned down by the selection jury. The abstract expressionist Jackson Pollock, who died the year before, was honoured with a special room organized by the American delegation, which marked the height of his international renown. 5th Bienal, 1959 200,000 visitors ensured the success of this exhibition, whose highlights included a selection of thirty works by the impressionist icon, Vincent van Gogh, and a strong showing of Tachism and Informal Art. 6th Bienal, 1961 Ciccillo Matarazzo ceases to be the main patron of the Bienal and the exhibition endured its first financial crisis. The 6th edition is remembered for its museology and the predominance of Neoconcretism, typified by the revolutionary presence of Lygia Clark's Bichos. Furthermore, part of the selection committee was elected by artists. The Bienal received a delegation from the USSR for the first time in the event's history. 7th Bienal, 1963 The 7th edition was marked by an excessive number of works selected, which, in turn, created an eclectic scene that was difficult to understand. This was the first time that Fundacao Bienal (founded in 1962) organized the exhibition, instead of the Museum of Modern Art of Sao Paulo. The catalog was dedicated to Wanda Svevo, who died the previous year. 8th Bienal, 1965 The Bienal comes under political pressure from the government with the beginning of the military dictatorship in Brazil. At the awards ceremony, artists Maria Bonomi and Sergio Camargo deliver a motion for the repeal of the preventive arrests of Mario Schenberg, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Florestan Fernandes and Cruz Costa to the President Castelo Branco. Despite the complications, the exhibition is remembered for a special room dedicated to Surrealism and Fantastic art. Marcel Duchamp's famous ready-made Roue de bicyclette (1913) was shown alongside works by Max Ernst, Marc Chagall, Joan Miro, Jean Arp, Man Ray, Paul Klee, Paul Delvaux, Rene Magritte and Francis Picabia. 9th Bienal, 1967 The "Pop Art Bienal" opened under a shroud of controversy: even before the exhibition opened, the Federal Police removed two works on the grounds that they were "offensive" to the Brazilian Constitution: Cybele Varela's painting O presente was considered "anti-nationalist" - the work was destroyed and the artist almost arrested by the DOPS - and the series by Quissak Jr., Meditacao sobre a Bandeira Nacional, which infringed laws that prohibited the free use of the flag. The US delegation presented a sample of Pop Art that included Jasper Johns, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein and Robert Rauschenberg. Many works were damaged and the US room was vandalized a few days into the exhibition. From this show on, the award jury was composed of art critics rather than consultants. 10th Bienal, 1969 Months after Institutional Act n. 5 (AI-5) came into force, effectively annulling personal freedoms, eighty percent of the artists invited to exhibition refused, in protest, to participate. The 10th edition was thus nicknamed the "Boycott Bienal" 11th Bienal, 1971 Controversy surrounded the opening of the Bienal with the boycott by artists, again, and the exile of Mario Pedrosa, who had been a leader for most of the editions in the Bienal's first decade, and director of the 6th and 7th editions. The selection of Brazilian artists was made from a pre-Bienal held the previous year. 12th Bienal, 1973 A giant mouth designed by Vera Figueiredo "swallowed" visitors to 12th Bienal, demonstrating the strength of Neo-concrete derivations. Installations and environments that appealed to all of the senses were presented in the Art and Communication segment. Replacing the Art Technical Committee, the Council for Art and Culture (CAC) developed a new selection framework and denied entry to 90% of the Brazilian works submitted. The Brazilian Representation was made up of 100 artists selected through regional juries (Fortaleza, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Curitiba). Kandinsky's works, which were brought by the French Representation, are exhibited for the first time in South America. 13th Bienal, 1975 Eager for updating, the so-called "Videomakers Bienal" brought Brazil a precise selection video art produced by renowned artists from all parts of the world, ranging from Andy Warhol to South Korean Nam June Paik, whose installation TV Garden (1974) surprised the Brazilian audience by arranging TV monitors among vases of Palm trees and artificial plants. 14th Bienal, 1977 The first Bienal without Ciccillo was defined by meaningful changes: the appointment of a Council for Art and Culture with freedom to develop the exhibition program - among the new rules is the requirement that National Representations follow the themes proposed by the Bienal for the selection of artists, a model inspired by the Venice Biennale. The CAC defines three chapters for the exhibition: Anthological Exhibitions (replacing the Special Rooms), Great Confrontations and Contemporary Propositions - the latter composed of seven themes: Urban Archaeology, Nature Recuperation, Catastrophic Art, Video Art, Space Poetry, The Wall as a Display for Artworks, Non Codified Art. For the first time in its history, the Grand Prize "Itamaraty" was awarded to a Latin American artist, the Argentine Grupo CAYC of the Centro de Arte y Comunicacion in Buenos Aires. 15th Bienal, 1979 The "Bienal of the Bienals" was a retrospective of the previous fourteen editions and brought national and international prize-winning works since 1951 back to the pavilion, as well as artists selected by the Brazilian Association of Art Critics (ABCA). On the other hand, it was the first Bienal not to grant any awards, a strategy that would continue on definitively in the following editions. 16th Bienal, 1981 The emergence of the General Curator role would change the course of the Bienal. The critic and former Director of the Museum of Contemporary Art of the University of Sao Paulo (MAC-USP), Walter Zanini, was the first to fill the position, in an edition which abolished separate spaces for each country and chose to group the works according to "analogy of language" (techniques and themes). This show also marks the end of the boycotts of the Bienal by artists and the beginning of political openness in Brazil. 17th Bienal, 1983 The increasingly common languages in contemporary global art of performance, video, videotext, installation and happening set the tone of the 17th Bienal. Fluxus Street was installed on the ground floor of the pavilion and was one of the most memorable installations. It even included a room with documentation on the group - records of Ben Vautier sleeping, Dick Higgins playing the piano, and Wolf Vostell during an action in New York. 18th Bienal, 1985 This edition showed the rising trend of expressionism in contemporary painting and featured an unusual expography that set the debate through the course of the entire 18th Bienal. The curator, Sheila Leirner, arranged most of the works in three 100-meter long halls, installing paintings side by side - a display called the Great Canvas. 19th Bienal, 1987 Adopting "Utopia versus Reality" as its theme, the 19th Bienal's highlights were the works by German artist Anselm Kiefer. Marked by a strong presence of installations and sculptures, the third floor of the pavilion received the monumental sculpture, Palette mit Flugel (1985), by Kiefer, and the installation Enquanto flora a borda... (1987), by Tunga, which would slide from the ceiling to the floor in the large central span of the pavilion. 20th Bienal, 1989 The 20th Bienal was conceived by a triumvirate: Carlos von Schmidt, Stella Teixeira de Barros, and Joao Candido Galvao. Interrupting the propositions of past editions, the team resumed the granting of awards and the arrangement of national representations in separate rooms. The Brazilian Representation was considered to be one of the most solid in a long time. 21st Bienal, 1991 Only for this edition did the Bienal resume the system of open registration for artists from all over the world. Heading the curatorship, Joao Candido Galvao repeated his role in the previous edition as curator of the dance, music and theater sections, and enjoyed success by presenting two unforgettable performances: Suz/O/Suz, by the Catalan group Fura dels Baus, and O Trilogie Antica: Medeea, Troienele, Electra, by Henrik Ibsen, narrated in Latin and Greek by the National Theater Company of Bucharest. 22nd Bienal, 1994 The Bienal changes its calendar and starts taking place in even-numbered years. The historical segment takes on a major importance in this edition, whose theme, "Rupture as Support," made it possible to explore platforms and poetics observed in the works of Helio Oiticica, Lygia Clark and Mira Schendel. 23rd Bienal, 1996 A new record in the number of national representations with 75 countries subscribing to the theme proposed by Nelson Aguilar: "The Dematerialization of Art at the End of the Millennium." On this occasion, a Historical Nucleus with a broad diversity of countries brought together over 200 prints by Francisco de Goya, illustrated the posthumous work of Jean-Michael Basquiat, and presented 37 paintings by Edvard Munch. 24th Bienal, 1998 Known as one of the best edition ever produced, the "Anthropophagy Bienal" was led by Paulo Herkenhoff as general curator and Adriano Pedrosa as associate curator. The concept, extracted from the roots of Brazilian culture, permeated the work of all 76 curators involved in the exhibition, as well as was the result of powerful solo shows dedicated to each of the 53 National Representations. The curators worked with the idea of contamination and put contemporary Brazilian works in dialogue with works in the Historical Nucleus. 25th Bienal, 2002 Centered on the theme "Metropolitan Iconographies", the 25th Bienal has become famous for the strong presence of Brazilian artists off the Sao Paulo/Rio de Janeiro axis. The appointment of the first foreign curator, Alfons Hug, from Germany, excited controversy. However, the show received excellent acclaim and beat attendance records, at 668,428 visitors. Taiwan controversy During the event, the title of Taiwan's national pavilion was changed overnight read "Museum of Fine Arts, Taipei". This was revealed to had been caused by the Chinese government, who had threatened to pull their own artists out of the event. In protest Chien-Chi Chang, the artist chosen to represent Taiwan at the Biennial, closed their installation. Austrian group Monochrom, who were running the neighbouring pavilion, invited other artists to donate letters from their own country titles in order to recreate the word "Taiwan". Although they were successful, this too was taken down. 26th Bienal, 2004 This was the first year of the free admission policy, which would be applied to all subsequent editions. With the theme of "Free Territory," the 26th Bienal, introduced a new generation into the art scene, such as Cabelo, Chelpa Ferro and Laura Vinci, among others. Once again the exhibition demonstrated its highly contemporary character by presenting works mostly produced between 2002 and 2004. At least one third of the works in the show were site-specific projects, developed specifically for the Bienal Pavilion. 27th Bienal, 2006 The theme "How to Live Together" - the title of a set of seminars delivered by Roland Barthes in the 1970s - served curator Lisette Lagnado as a guide. The edition was marked by the extinction of National Representations - the selection of artists was up to the determination of the curators of the Bienals - and by the claim that art is a transnational language. Constituting a fundamental innovation for the exhibition, the curatorial projects would be chosen from then on through a selection process conducted by an international committee of critics and curators. 28th Bienal, 2008 Rethinking the purpose and direction of the exhibition, the 28th Bienal - "In Living Contact" carried out a radical proposal by keeping the second floor of the pavilion completely empty, as an Open Plan - a metaphor for the conceptual crisis experienced by traditional biennial systems faced by the institutions that organize them. The noteworthy episode of that edition was the graffiti on the pavilion's guardrails, which led to a discussion in the art milieu about urban art. 29th Bienal, 2010 Driven by a new impetus promoted by a new board of directors committed to the renewal of the institution, the Bienal inaugurated its 29th edition with a permanent educational project and a broad parallel program. Favoring politically oriented works, the curatorship of Agnaldo Farias and Moacir dos Anjos held nearly 400 activities in the six conceptual spaces entitled Terreiros, and made its theme a verse by Jorge de Lima: "There is always a cup of sea to sail in". Bandeira branca (2010), by Nuno Ramos, stirred controversy due to its live vultures flying in the central span of the pavilion accompanied by a montage of sounds from the national popular tradition. 30th Bienal, 2012 Titled "The Imminence of Poetics", this edition of the Bienal adopted the constellation as a metaphor and established discursive interconnections between past and present; center and periphery; object and language. With a large number of works by each artist, the exhibition focused on Latin American artists and paid tribute to Arthur Bispo do Rosario and Waldemar Cordeiro. The project Mobile Radio set up a radio station on the mezzanine floor of the pavilion that had broadcasts throughout the entire period of the exhibition. The Biennial featured the largest corpus of works by Alair Gomes ever shown, the entire portfolio People of the XXth Century by August Sander and for the first time in the Americas the entire Alphabet Bete by Frederic Bruly-Bouabre, among 119 artists represented within the Matarazzo Pavilion and other institutions throughout the city of Sao Paulo. 31st Bienal, 2014 The works of this edition - entitled "How to (...) things that don't exist" - were designed within the concept of "project," many carried out in collaboration between two or more individuals - artists and professionals from other disciplines, such as teachers, sociologists, architects or writers. Daring, the exhibition established itself as being deeply connected with some central themes of contemporary life: identity, sexuality and transcendence. 32nd Bienal, 2016 The 32nd Bienal - "Live Uncertainty" set itself the aim of observing notions of uncertainty and strategies offered by contemporary art to embrace or inhabit it. Established artists like Oyvind Fahlstrom, Sonia Andrade, Lourdes Castro and Victor Grippo were seen alongside young artists, most of whom were women. Also noteworthy is the fact that this edition was the one that presented the highest number of commissioned artworks in the history of the exhibition. The curators traveled to four cities to bring forth Study Days (Accra, in Ghana, Lamas, in Peru, Santiago, in Chile, and Cuiaba, in Brazil), and also held a last meeting in Sao Paulo. Conceived as an artwork by Jorge Menna Barreto, the exhibition's restaurant unfolds notions regarding the relationships between human eating habits and the environment, landscape, climate and life on Earth. 33rd Bienal, 2018 The 33rd Bienal - "Affective Affinities" was held from September 7 to December 9. 34th Bienal, 2020/2021 Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, most events were for this year were postponed to September 4 through December 5, 2021, with future Bienales being in odd-numbered years. The theme is "Though it's dark, still I sing".

48513148

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Observation%20Wheel

Hong Kong Observation Wheel

The Hong Kong Observation Wheel (abbr. HKOW) is a tall Ferris wheel located at the Central Harbourfront, Central, Hong Kong. It has 42 gondolas, including one VIP Gondola with leather seats and a clear glass bottom floor. All gondolas are equipped with air conditioners and communication systems. Each ride includes two to three rotations and takes about 15 minutes. Each gondola seats a maximum of eight people, other than the VIP Gondola, which seats five people. It is currently operated by The Entertainment Corporation Limited (TECL) which partners with AIA Group to operate the adjacent AIA Vitality Park. Background In May 2013 the Lands Department of Hong Kong leased 9,620 square metres (103,548 square feet) of land between Central Pier No. It is situated on the Central and Wan Chai Reclamation overlooking Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong. 90% of the site surrounding the wheel is accessible to the public, with food and beverages available for purchase. Live entertainments are also held at the event plaza throughout the year, which is suitable for all ages. The wheel is designed to suit Hong Kong's climate and weather. It is built within the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department and TUV standards. The wheel has had two owners. The previous owner was Swiss AEX and the current owner is The Entertainment Corporation Limited (TECL). In 2014, Swiss AEX expected 1 million riders per annum which is approximately a daily average of 2,740 passengers. After the ownership transfer in 2017, TECL announced that they had achieved 1 million riders in less than 7 months since the reopening. Ownership The HKOW was first proposed by Swiss AEX, a company who claims to have over a decade's experience in Ferris wheel operations in their proposal contract. Swiss AEX had partnered with Hong Kong Telecom (HKT) for this project. In 2017, the government awarded the second term of the operating contract to The Entertainment Corporation Limited (TECL) which was set to commence in September 2017. TECL then issued a statement saying it will "offer a substantially lower ticket price per ride". The wheel closed to the public in August when the dispute over transfer of its ownership resulted in a deadlock between the original and new operators. The Secretary for Development stated the wheel could be dismantled and closed for 2 years until a replacement is built by TECL. Swiss AEX, the former owner of the wheel, described the company "with no experience of operating observation wheels whatsoever". On 6 September 2017, a deal was struck between TECL & Swiss AEX which saved the wheel from demolition. In November 2017, TECL announced that the wheel would re-open to the public on 20 December 2017 as part of the new AIA Vitality Park, with a range of health and wellness-related events, attractions and activities nearby. Controversy The government's decision to build a Ferris wheel at the location was controversial. Some questioned the necessity of building such a tourist attraction, since the view is easily matched from the city's buildings and adjacent high land. The chairman of the Harbourfront Commission, Nicholas Brooke, showed support for the development project in an interview. However, the Harbourfront Commission has no executive power over the project. The project has also been delayed several times: Although the operation contract was opened in 2013, the attraction was not opened until late 2014. There were also many complaints from the public about the lack of promotion and information. Security has also been controversial after the release of a photo taken by one daredevil climber showing himself sitting on the top of the wheel. This picture was taken down before the opening day of the wheel to the public. It has brought the security concerns of wheel into the limelight. In popular culture The Hong Kong Observation Wheel made an appearance in the 2021 monster film Godzilla vs. Kong. It's fictional demolishment was portrayed during a battle between Godzilla and Kong, which also devastated much of the surrounding city. Its lighting was depicted as green in the film instead of its usual red.

1440525

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Borimirov

Daniel Borimirov

Daniel Borimirov Borisov (; born 15 January 1970) is a Bulgarian former professional footballer who played mainly as an attacking midfielder. Borimirov's professional playing career spanned nearly 20 years, during which he played for three clubs: Bdin Vidin, Levski Sofia and TSV 1860 Munich. In international football, Borimirov made his Bulgaria debut on 18 February 1993 at the age of 23. He made 66 career appearances in total, appearing at two FIFA World Cup tournaments, in 1994 and 1998, and two UEFA European Championship tournaments, in 1996 and 2004. Club career Born in Vidin, Borimirov's club career began with local club Bdin in second league, where he made his first-team debut in 1987 at age 17. In 1990 Borimirov joined Levski Sofia. In the beginning, he appeared mainly as a supporting striker, but eventually reconverted to attacking midfielder. At Levski, Borimirov was very important - if not crucial - part in all of the club's six major titles during his first spell, three leagues and three cups. The biggest victory in the history of The Eternal Derby of Bulgaria (7-1 for Levski in 1994-95 A Group) is unthinkable without the two goals scored by Daniel Borimirov. After 32 goals combined in his last two years, with three back-to-back national championships, he signed with Germany's TSV 1860 Munich. Borimirov made his Bundesliga debut on 12 August 1995, scoring twice at FC St. Pauli, albeit in a 4-2 loss, adding another two in the next two games, as the Lions eventually finished in eighth position; in the following season, he experienced his best year abroad, netting nine times in 31 matches, helping TSV qualify for the UEFA Cup. In the following years, although used more sparingly, Borimirov continued to be an important member for Munich 1860, eventually appearing in nearly 300 official matches in his -year spell. 214 of them were in the Bundesliga. In early January 2004, one week shy of his 34th birthday, he returned to Levski, being the driving force behind the success of the club in the 2005-06 UEFA Cup, helping the capital outfit to the quarterfinals, namely scoring against Udinese Calcio and FC Schalke 04 (the latter in the stage where the club was ousted, 2-4 on aggregate). In an interview on 16 August 2006, Borimirov stated he was attending coaching classes, intending to work in football after retiring as a player. On 1 July of the following year, he played for a FIFA All-Star team against China in an exhibition game as part of Hong Kong's ten-year independence anniversary celebrations. The miscellaneous side was coached by Gerard Houllier, and featured players like Hidetoshi Nakata, Stephane Chapuisat, Christian Karembeu, George Weah and Brian McBride. Borimirov still played an important part in the 2006-07 season, playing in 20 matches (four goals) as Levski won the league - and the cup. He ended his career at the age of 38, playing his last game on 17 May 2008 against city neighbours PFC Slavia Sofia, with his team winning the match. After retiring, Borimirov served as director of football at Levski Sofia, replacing former club and national teammate Nasko Sirakov, and himself being replaced at the end of 2008-09 by Georgi Ivanov. Controversy In 2006, still as a player, Borimirov gained notoriety in Bulgarian football circles for his violent outbursts after controversial referee decisions. One particular accident in which he was involved in resulted in him spitting in the face of the referee. Borimirov was fined 10,000 Bulgarian lev by the Bulgarian Football Union, later apologizing for his behaviour. Two years later, now in directorial capacities, he caused more controversy, following a match against PFC CSKA Sofia. International career For Bulgaria, Borimirov was capped 67 times, scoring five goals. He made his debut in 1993, being selected for the 1994 FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 1996, 1998 World Cup and Euro 2004, totalling 11 appearances, with one goal. He is the only Bulgarian to represent his Country in two Euros as well as two World Cups and the only Bulgarian from 1994 World Cup to take part in 2004 Euro. In the first competition, as the national team finished in fourth place, Borimirov scored against Greece in the group stage, for Bulgaria's first ever FIFA World Cup win (4-0, in Chicago, having played only eight minutes). He also converted his penalty shootout attempt in the round of 16 win against Mexico. Personal life Borimirov was born in the village of Pokrayna in Vidin. In an interview with Gazeta Sporturilor, Borimirov said that his maternal grandparents are Romanian. He is married to Aphrodita and they have two children. Career statistics Club International Scores and results list Bulgaria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Borimirov goal.

25931866

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan%20Taman

Brendan Taman

Brendan Taman is the Director of Pro Personnel for the Ottawa Redblacks of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He has also served as the general manager for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Saskatchewan Roughriders. He is a Grey Cup champion having won with the Roughriders as the team's general manager for the 101st Grey Cup in 2013. He attended Aden Bowman Collegiate. Football operations career In 1987, Saskatchewan Roughriders director of player personnel Dan Rambo hired Taman as a player personnel assistant. When Rambo and Roughriders offensive coordinator Steve Goldman became general manager and head coach of the Ottawa Rough Riders in 1989, Taman joined them as the team's manager of football operations. He remained in Ottawa until Rambo was fired following the 1992 season. After spending four seasons as Saskatchewan's assistant director of player personnel, Taman became the BC Lions' Director of Player Personnel. In this position he was in charge of scouting, assisted head coach and general manager Adam Rita in handling contracts, and handled much of the day-to-day football operations while Rita focused on coaching. While in BC, Taman signed 1997 and 1998 Jackie Parker Trophy winners B. J. Gallis and Steve Muhammad. From 1999-2009, Taman worked with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, first as assistant general manager (1999-2004) and then as general manager (2004-2009). Under his direction, the Blue Bombers had a 39-50-1 record and made an appearance in 95th Grey Cup. Taman was moved from the GM position to the position of Vice President of Player Personnel in late 2008. He stepped down as VP of Player Personnel on January 13, 2009, saying he needed a break from football. Taman was hired by the Roughriders on June 30, 2009 as director of football administration. Along with head coach Ken Miller and director of player personnel Joe Womack, Taman handled the day-to-day operations of the team while general manager Eric Tillman was on paid administrative leave following sexual assault allegations. Tillman resigned on January 8, 2010 and on January 22, Taman was named as his replacement as general manager. On August 31, 2015, after the Roughriders started 0-9, Taman and head coach Corey Chamblin were relieved of their duties. On January 24, 2020, it was announced that Taman had joined the Montreal Alouettes as the team's Senior Player Personnel Executive. He spent two years with the Alouettes. It was announced on January 3, 2022, that Taman had been hired as the Director of Pro Personnel for the Ottawa Redblacks.

4192982

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Criminal%20Court%20and%20the%202003%20invasion%20of%20Iraq

International Criminal Court and the 2003 invasion of Iraq

A preliminary examination of possible war crimes committed by United Kingdom (UK) military forces during the invasion of Iraq in March 2003 was started by the ICC in 2005 and closed in 2006. The preliminary examination was reopened in 2014 in the light of new evidence. 2005-2006 preliminary examination The Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) reported in February 2006 that he had received 240 communications in connection with the invasion of Iraq in March 2003 which alleged that various war crimes had been committed. The overwhelming majority of these communications came from individuals and groups within the United States and the United Kingdom. Many of these complaints concerned the British participation in the invasion, as well as the alleged responsibility for torture deaths while in detention in British-controlled areas. On February 9, 2006, the Prosecutor, Luis Moreno-Ocampo, published a letter that he had sent to all those who had communicated with him concerning the above, which set out his conclusions on these matters, following a preliminary investigation of the complaints. He explained that two sets of complaints were involved: (1) Complaints concerning the legality of the invasion itself; and (2) Complaints concerning the conduct of hostilities between March and May 2003, which included allegations in respect of (a) the targeting of civilians or clearly excessive attacks; and (b) willful killing or inhumane treatment of civilians. Australia, Poland and the UK are all state parties to the Rome Statute which established the International Criminal Court and therefore their nationals are liable to prosecution by the court for the violation of any relevant international criminal laws. Because the United States is not a state party, Americans cannot be prosecuted by the court, except for crimes that take place in the territory of a state that has accepted the court's jurisdiction, or situations that are referred to the court by the United Nations Security Council, where the US has a veto. Allegations concerning the legality of the conflict The prosecutor explained that, although the Statute of the International Criminal Court "includes the crime of aggression, it indicates that the Court may not exercise jurisdiction over the crime until a provision has been adopted which defines the crime and sets out the conditions under which the Court may exercise jurisdiction with respect to it (Article 5(2))." Hence:the International Criminal Court has a mandate to examine the conduct during the conflict, but not whether the decision to engage in armed conflict was legal. As the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, I do not have the mandate to address the arguments on the legality of the use of force or the crime of aggression. The states parties to the ICC adopted such a definition at a review conference in 2010, but the court is only able to exercise jurisdiction over acts of aggression committed after this amendment enters into force. Allegations of war crimes Targeting of civilians or clearly excessive attacks In regards to the targeting of civilians or a possible excess of violence, Moreno-Ocampo stated that "The available information established that a considerable number of civilians died or were injured during the military operations"; footnote 12 gives a range of approximately 3,750 to more than 6,900. However, he concluded: "The available information did not indicate intentional attacks on a civilian population." Moreno-Ocampo also considered in this context whether there were incidents where, even though civilians were not intentionally targeted, the attack was nonetheless clearly excessive to military necessity. For this, he bore in mind (a) the anticipated civilian damage or injury; (b) the anticipated military advantage; and (c) whether the former was "clearly excessive" in relation to the latter. He concluded that, while many facts remain to be determined, the available evidence "did not allow for the conclusion that there was a reasonable basis to believe that a clearly excessive attack within the jurisdiction of the Court had been committed." As a result, "After exhausting all measures appropriate during the analysis phase, the Office determined that, while many facts remained undetermined, the available information did not provide a reasonable basis to believe that a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court had been committed." Willful killing or inhuman treatment of civilians As far as the allegations of willful killing or inhuman treatment of civilians are concerned, Moreno-Ocampo concluded that there was a reasonable basis to believe that crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court had been committed. He explained that the information available did support a reasonable basis for an estimated four to twelve victims of willful killing and a limited number of victims of inhuman treatment, totaling in all less than twenty persons. He also reported that, in all of these cases, the national authorities had initiated proceedings. Moreno-Ocampo went on to explain that this on its own is not sufficient for the initiation of an investigation by the International Criminal Court since the Statute requires consideration of admissibility before the Court, in light of the gravity of the crimes. In examining this criterion, he explained:For war crimes, a specific gravity threshold is set down in Article 8(1), which states that "the Court shall have jurisdiction in respect of war crimes in particular when committed as part of a plan or policy or as part of a large-scale commission of such crimes". This threshold is not an element of the crime, and the words "in particular" suggest that this is not a strict requirement. It does, however, provide Statute guidance that the Court is intended to focus on situations meeting these requirements. According to the available information, it did not appear that any of the criteria of Article 8(1) were satisfied. Even if one were to assume that Article 8(1) had been satisfied, it would then be necessary to consider the general gravity requirement under Article 53(1)(b). The Office considers various factors in assessing gravity. A key consideration is the number of victims of particularly serious crimes, such as wilful killing or rape. The number of potential victims of crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court in this situation - 4 to 12 victims of willful killing and a limited number of victims of inhuman treatment - was of a different order than the number of victims found in other situations under investigation or analysis by the Office. It is worth bearing in mind that the OTP is currently investigating three situations involving long-running conflicts in Northern Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Darfur. Each of the three situations under investigation involves thousands of wilful killings as well as intentional and large-scale sexual violence and abductions. Collectively, they have resulted in the displacement of more than 5 million people. Other situations under analysis also feature hundreds or thousands of such crimes. Taking into account all the considerations, the situation did not appear to meet the required threshold of the Statute. In light of the conclusion reached on gravity, it was unnecessary to reach a conclusion on complementarity. It may be observed, however, that the Office also collected information on national proceedings, including commentaries from various sources, and that national proceedings had been initiated with respect to each of the relevant incidents.Moreno-Ocampo qualified this statement by noting that "this conclusion can be reconsidered in the light of new facts or evidence." Allegations of complicity The prosecutor's investigations were principally concerned with the actions of nationals of parties to the statute. However, some of the communications complained that nationals of state parties (most notably the United Kingdom) may have been accessories to crimes committed by nationals of non-States Parties (i.e., the United States). Under the ICC statute, this is a "war crime" founded on accessorial liability (aiding, abetting et cetera), and in the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (which follows similar laws) many defendants were accused of involvement in "joint criminal enterprises". In footnote 10 of his letter, the Prosecutor said: "the available information provided a reasonable basis with respect to a limited number of incidents of war crimes by nationals of States Parties, but not with respect to any particular incidents of indirect participation in war crimes". In other words, he did not find a reasonable basis to proceed against nationals of state parties on the basis of complicity in war crimes carried out by non state parties. However, this is not, as such, a finding that war crimes were not carried out by non state parties. The prosecutor did not express a conclusion on that matter since that was not within his competence. The statement by the prosecutor did not appear to address any accusations of war crimes or complicity by citizens of State Parties during the subsequent occupation and rule by the Coalition Provisional Authority or after the official handover of Iraqi sovereignty. For example, no mention was made of any involvement by citizens of State Parties (e.g., the Scottish Black Watch regiment) in the US attack on Fallujah in 2003, which resulted in accusations of war crimes -- though mainly by US and Iraqi government troops and Iraqi insurgents (who are not under ICC jurisdiction), rather than British forces. 2014 reopened examination ICC Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda reopened the preliminary examination in 2014, with the aim of taking into account questions of jurisdiction, admissibility and "the interests of justice" in order to decide whether or not to open an investigation in relation to war crimes alleged to have been committed by UK forces in Iraq. New evidence justifying the reopening of the preliminary examination was provided by the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights and Public Interest Lawyers. One of the grounds for opening an ICC investigation was the argument that British authorities did not properly investigate the war crimes allegations. The ICC studied the question of whether British authorities "engaged in shielding perpetrators from criminal justice". On 9 November 2020, the ICC published its final report on the preliminary examination. It closed the case on the grounds that although it had concerns, it did not conclude that British authorities were "unwilling genuinely" to carry out investigations and prosecutions.

8133099

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Chapman%20%28mayor%29

Charles Chapman (mayor)

Charles Clarke Chapman (1853-1944) was the first mayor of Fullerton, California and a relative of John Chapman, the legendary "Johnny Appleseed". He was a native of Illinois who had been a Chicago publisher before settling in Southern California. Chapman was a supporter of the Disciples of Christ, who was a primary donor and fundraiser for California Christian College, which in 1934 changed its name to Chapman College, and is now Chapman University, in his honor. While some believe Chapman Avenue, a major Orange County thoroughfare, is also named in his honor, the street is actually named after the unrelated Alfred Chapman, cofounder of the city of Orange. Chapman's citrus empire Early involvement in the California citrus industry Charles Chapman was born in Macomb, Illinois on July 2, 1853. In 1894, Chapman moved from the Midwest to Los Angeles. There, he bought an orange grove in Placentia as a hobby; this was his first foray into the citrus business. Chapman's innovation in regards to oranges contributed to his success in the industry. He had his workers wear gloves and use rounded-tipped clippers to prevent damage to the fruits' rinds, thus reducing the likelihood of spoilage. His innovations mad him successful within the citrus industry, and he was nicknamed the "Orange King". Concerned as to how his product would compete with European oranges from Spain and Italy, in 1906 he and other citrus growers successfully lobbied the House Ways and Means Committee for a one-cent-per-pound tariff on European oranges. Valencia oranges Chapman found that Valencia oranges could be left on the trees for an extra six months after ripening. This allowed him to ship oranges to customers in months that were previously thought to be out of season for oranges. This was in contrast to the more famous Washington navel oranges that dominated the citrus business at the time. Valencia oranges grown in Orange County, at one time, made more profit than the oranges of any other location. Use of fertilizers While growing his business, Chapman experimented with different types of fertilizers to see which ones would yield the best orange crops. While Chapman was unsure about a fertilizer's ability to create better oranges than the more traditional method of growing oranges (i.e., plowing, irrigation, cultivation), he vowed to experiment with giving his oranges "plant food." He tested several different fertilizers: sheep manure, lime cake, bone meal, commercial fertilizers, and a combination of each. He found that there were no discernible quality differences between oranges in fertilized orchards versus traditional methods. He attributed these results to sufficient nutrients already being present in the soil, paired with proper farming techniques. Marketing Chapman firmly believed that the marketing of oranges should begin as soon as they were taken off the tree. In the packing houses, the oranges would be clean and handled properly, as too much fruit had been arriving in the markets in poor condition. According to Chapman, shipments sent to the markets should include only the very best oranges. Chapman also thought that orange brands should build up their reputations and establish trade in specific markets. instead of pandering to many different markets, as brand loyalty mattered significantly. He also believed in creating demand for oranges by advertising them as delicious, healthful items of luxury. In addition to this, Chapman built his brand's popularity through his impressive crate label design. His "Old Mission" brand oranges' crate labels borrowed their name and imagery of Catholic monks and outdoor scenery from a famous novel at the time, Ramona by Helen Hunt Jackson. Politics A Republican, Chapman was the first mayor of Fullerton, California, serving from 1904 to 1906. Personal life Chapman married Lizzie Pearson in Texas on October 23, 1884, and they had two children. She died in Los Angeles on September 19, 1894. He remarried, to Clara Irvin, on September 3, 1898. He died at his ranch in Fullerton on April 5, 1944.

28293587

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scortecci%27s%20blind%20snake

Scortecci's blind snake

Scortecci's blind snake (Myriopholis braccianii), also known commonly as Bracciani's worm snake, is a species of snake in the family Leptotyphlopidae. The species is endemic to the Horn of Africa. Etymology The specific name, braccianii, is in honor of Italian explorer Luigi Bracciani. Geographic range M. braccianii is found in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, and Sudan. Habitat The preferred natural habitats of M. braccianii are desert, grassland, shrubland, and savanna, at altitudes of . braccianii is a small species. The longest recorded specimen measures in total length (including tail). Reproduction M. braccianii is oviparous. References Further reading Adalsteinsson SA, Branch WR, Trape S, Vitt LJ, Hedges SB (2009). "Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of snakes of the family Leptotyphlopidae (Reptilia, Squamata)". "The snakes of Somaliland and the Sokotra Islands". Zoologische Verhandelingen 6 (1): 1-115. (Leptotyphlops braccianii, new combination, p. 21). "Rettili dell'Eritrea esistenti nelle Collezioni del Museo Civico di Milano ". Atti della Societa di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milano 67 (3-4): 290-339. (Glauconia braccianii, new species, p. 294). Spawls S, Howell K, Hinkel H, Menegon M (2018). Field Guide to East African Reptiles, Second Edition.

5461281

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Dick

Albert Dick

Albert Blake Dick (April 16, 1856 - August 15, 1934) was a businessman who founded the A. B. Dick Company, a major American copier manufacturer and office supply company of the 20th Century. He coined the word "mimeograph". Dick attended school in Galesburg, Illinois, then worked successively for the Brown manufacturing company, Deere & Mansur, and the Moline Lumber Company. B. Dick Company in 1883. It was originally a lumber company before branching into office supplies. Dick lived in Lake Forest, Illinois. He died at his home there on August 15, 1934. References Further reading Buck, Glen. External links Chicago Historical Society entry on A.

18877078

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti-Ratana%20Welfare%20Society

Ti-Ratana Welfare Society

Ti-Ratana Welfare Society is one of the biggest independent, voluntary, Not-for-profit NGOs based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is locally known and registered as "Persatuan Kebajikan Ti-Ratana"; while its Chinese name is Ci Ai Fu Li Zhong Xin . The society runs three children homes with over 250 children, two seniors' residences with about 50 senior citizens, a shelter home for women, and mobile clinics to provide free medical services to the people in the rural areas. History Ti-Ratana Welfare Society was founded by The Most Ven. Datuk K. Sri Dhammaratana and registered on 9 February 1994. The name is a reference to Three Jewels. In 1996, a three-storey building was acquired through the generosity of a donor and the Ti-Ratana Children's Home was declared open by the National Unity and Social Welfare Minister YB Datuk Paduka Hajjah Zaleha bte Ismail on 21 June 1997. The Society now located at Salak South Bahru (Desa Petaling), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Organisation structure Founder & Adviser: Most Venerable K. Sri Dhammaratana (current Chief High Priest of Malaysia) President: Datuk Seri Dr. KK Chai A board of committee members to oversee the operation of Ti-Ratana. The committee members meet frequently to discuss operational tasks, plan activities and determine budgets. Volunteers, helpers A separate affiliated society, Ti-Ratana Buddhist Society, was set up in 2000 to promote the welfare society along with Humanistic Buddhism Funding The society is supported by donations from individuals, corporations and substantial from within Malaysia & surrounding countries. Activities Free medical service for senior citizen/children in rural area Free workshops for school children to help them prepare for national examinations (PMR/SPM) Annual fund raising charity dinner, family day fun fair, etc.

51342132

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilling%20and%20Pickering%20line

Gilling and Pickering line

The Gilling and Pickering line (G&P) was a railway line that ran from Gilling to Pickering in North Yorkshire, England. The line was opened in stages between 1871 and 1875 and linked up with the Thirsk and Malton line (T&M) at Gilling and the York and North Midland Railway at Pickering. The line connected the settlements of Helmsley, Kirkbymoorside, Nawton, Nunnington and Sinnington to others parts of the North Eastern Railway (NER) network. Closure to passengers came in 1953, with complete closure to all traffic in 1964. History 1864-1913 The North Eastern Railway first submitted plans for a line through Ryedale to Helmsley in 1864. These were rejected and with other companies trying to push railways through the area (Ryedale Railway Company and the Leeds, North Yorkshire and Durham Railway (LNYD) being notable competitors) the NER felt compelled to act. The NER and the Ryedale companies submitted plans for their respective railways but both efforts were defeated in Parliament. Eventually the Ryedale and the NER reached an agreement whereby the NER would build their line to Pickering via Helmsley and the Ryedale would be compensated to the amount of PS11,000 for the expenses it had occurred. The Ryedale plan involved a line from Gilling northwards through Helmsley to Stokesley and Thornaby with a triangular junction at Harome where the eastern arm would go through Kirkbymoorside and bypass Pickering on a direct route to Scarborough. Additionally, it proposed a branch going north from Kirkbymoorside and pushing into Farndale. Both the northern arms of the Ryedale Railway proposals involved tunneling and a substantial number of overbridges (the Farndale branch alone was proposed to cross the River Dove 73 times in ten miles). In the end, the NER stuck by its own plan of 1864 with two minor adjustments, there would be no north to east curve at Cawton (where the T&M and the G&P met at Parliamentary Junction) and so no through running from Hovingham and the original intention was that the line would enter Pickering from the north to allow through running to Scarborough on what was to become the Forge Valley Line. The first section of line to be completed was in October 1871, when a south to east curve (Bishophouse to Sunbeck) from the main line at Raskelf was installed to allow trains to run through to York. This had been submitted as a raft of proposals to Parliament in 1865 as the Pelaw and Other Branches Act. It gained Royal assent in June 1865. Thereafter the line was built in stages; Gilling to Helmsley in 1871 (opening on the same date as the new curve at Raskelf), Helmsley to Kirbymoorside in 1874 and Kirbymoorside to Pickering in 1875. The eastern end of the line entered Pickering from the south and connected with the York and North Midland Line from Rillington and the Forge Valley Line at a junction called Mill Lane. The line left Gilling station in an easterly direction for before diverging from the T&M route and going due north to Nunnington and then north westerly to Helmsley. At Helmsley the line curved almost 180 degrees to go east across the southern edge of the North Yorkshire Moors and calling at Nawton, Kirkbymoorside and Sinnington. The line was single throughout with passing loops in Helmsley and Kirbymoorside stations. There was a small section of double track ( as the line converged with the other railways at Mill Lane Junction in Pickering. The line had three major earthworks; Riseborough Cutting, Caulkeys Bank Cutting and Kirkdale Viaduct. The engineering for this line was far heavier than the T&M line. History 1914-1964 Services on the G&P line went through to York via the east to south curve onto the East Coast Main Line near to Raskelf. These services became the backbone of both the G&P and the T&M lines when the passenger service on the T&M line was cut back to serve just between Malton and Gilling in 1914. After this date, services leaving and arriving at Gilling from the T&M line would dovetail with those on the G&P service to and from York. Because of the nature of the lines leaving Gilling to the east and the near dead-on departure times for both lines being the same, races between trains going east were not uncommon, despite not being officially sanctioned by the company. Timetabled passenger workings on the T&M line were stopped altogether in January 1931, which left the G&P service operating alone from Pickering to York. However, one service a day at this time ran through to Pilmoor and there was an additional unadvertised afternoon working for schoolchildren. During the Second World War, passenger traffic was sparse, with just two out-and-back workings from Pickering. One of these went all the way to York, and the other terminated at Alne with onward connections to York. By October 1950, the timetable had three through workings between York and Pickering, but not all services stopped at all of the stations on the East Coast Main Line. All stations on the line between Bishophouse Junction and Mill Lane junction continued to be called at by trains, with the exception of Ampleforth, which closed in 1950. All of the stations on the line were closed to passengers on 2 February 1953, however, because there was no Sunday service on the line, the last trains running on the previous Saturday (31 January 1953). Most of the stations stayed open for goods services. Excursions, ramblers specials and summer seaside trips were commonplace after closure to passengers, with the last official passenger working being a special worked in conjunction with the opening of the BMEWS base at RAF Fylingdales in November 1963. The section between Kirbymoorside and Pickering was closed to all traffic in the same month as the passenger service, although a small section at Pickering was retained as a headshunt for a gas works on the western side of the line. Tracklifting was carried out between Kirbymoorside and Pickering soon after closure and this left Kirbymoorside as a terminus until all the Ryedale lines were closed completely in 1964. Working the line In its initial stages of opening, the station at Helmsley had an engine shed which would haul the first and last services of the day to and from that station. Likewise, when the line opened up to Kirbymoorside, the locomotive would travel to there to start the first morning train. When the railway opened up all the way to Pickering, the NER removed the shed and traction was supplied from Pickering or York. Helmsley and Kirbymoorside stations were the only ones to have passing loops with two platforms (although Nawton did possess a non-platformed loop which was described as an 'open siding'). The loops would only be used if trains needed to pass each other; if there was no requirement for trains to pass, then the westernmost track at Helmsley and the northernmost track at Kirkbymoorside (which were adjacent to the main station buildings at both stations) would be used instead regardless of the direction that the train was travelling in. Signal boxes were located at (west to east); Gilling, Helmsley, Kirbymoorside and Goslip Bridge (Pickering). Signalling on the line was a mixture of electronic token, staff and ticket and the one engine in steam principle. Gradually, all of the line was converted to electronic token particularly after one incident at Kirbymoorside when a train arrived from Helmsley going east with a staff for the Helmsley to Gilling section. Electric token working was introduced across the line in stages between 1924 and 1933. All of the stations on the line had cattle docks and coal drops. The line was chiefly used for the forwarding of agricultural produce and cattle to the markets outside of Ryedale. In 1896, services on the line amounted to five in each direction with an additional down service (towards Pickering) on Thursdays. Sundays were left with no passenger workings. By 1906 the services on this line had been reduced to four each way with an additional Thursdays only working from Pickering. In 1934, three years after the passenger service on the T&M line had ceased, the services were back up to being five daily out and back runs between Pickering and York. In the war years, the service was reduced to two daily through trains that would be simple out and back workings, with crews changing over trains in the Coxwold station loop. Stations Five stations were constructed along the line and the table below lists the locations of each station. Gilling was constructed as part of the T&M line and Pickering as part of the Y & NMR. Goods traffic Two main sidings to goods terminals existed on the line; Duncombe Park just west of Helmsley and Spaunton Quarry just west of Sinnington. Timber was the commodity from Duncombe Park as it had extensive woodlands and during 1918 in particular, there was a timber shortage. A siding was laid which went westwards from Helmsley station (which also had exchange sidings in the station yard). The siding fell into disuse in the 1930s. Timber was an important traffic on other stations on the line too; Nunnington, Kirbymoorside and Sinnington were kept busy with sending timber out by rail. Spaunton Quarry was started in 1928 and a 1930 agreement with the LNER provided a siding into Sinnington station facing eastwards. The siding was worked by the Pickering bound goods which would halt at Sinnington and reverse into the siding. The track was not maintained to a good standard and after a number of derailments, the siding was not used from February 1948. The line had a small siding at Harome between Nunnington and Helmsley which was installed in 1880. Originally the local population campaigned for a station, but it was never built. The siding was of a short length () which could fit five standard length wagons and was just one line with a junction facing towards Gilling. Whenever traffic was to be forwarded, the farmers in the area would need to contact Helmsley to allow the pick-up goods train to call at the siding. The open moorland above Helmsley was ideal for the training of tank crews with the added benefit that Helmsley station had an end loading dock. Tank trains were generally weekly, though this would sometimes be as much as thrice weekly. Loading and unloading was performed at night, with soldiers standing on either side of the flat wagons onto which the tanks were being driven; they would smoke cigarettes so that the light given off would guide the tank drivers. Nawton station was particularly busy for such a small station. It forwarded fruit to many destinations and was used to store sugar and was a trans-shipment point for the storage of barley at the former airfield at RAF Wombleton just south of the station. When RAF Wombleton airfield was being constructed, trains of slag would be run specially (from Teesside) into Nunnington station for onward transport to the airfield site. Thirteen trains ran between the 7 June and 21 July 1943 with the LNER providing a shunting locomotive at Nunnington station. The slag was loaded onto lorries using the coal drops. Cattle was forwarded in great numbers from both Helmsley and Kirbymoorside stations, with sheep being of importance at Kirbymoorside. The last special train of sheep ran from Kirbymoorside in 1952. Accidents and incidents On 26 November 1875, a train derailed travelling from Gilling to Nunnington. In February 1948, the trackwork at Spaunton Quarry collapsed under a locomotive which left all wheels of the engine touching the ground. Lastingham & Rosedale Light Railway At various times after 1896 when the Light Railways Act came into being, proposals were put forward by the Lastingham & Rosedale Light Railway Company to build a line northwards from the G&P Line. The track was supposed to leave just west of Sinnington with a west to north facing junction, proceed up the valley to Lastingham and Rosedale with the eventual intent of connecting with the Rosedale Ironstone Railway. Parliament granted assent with subsequent amendments to the bill and work did start in 1902, but it soon ground to a halt and the railway was never completed. Post closure Removal of the lines started in March 1965 and was complete by August of the same year. Whilst many of the former buildings have been converted (especially into private dwellings) the former station building at Kirbymoorside was used by an agricultural engineering firm for many years. The building was demolished in April 2010 to make way for a new housing estate. Ryedale District Council have suggested that the section of trackbed between Helmsley and Kirkbymoorside could be used as a cycle path/greenway. The section just east of Kirkbymoorside adjacent to Kirkby Mills was used when the A170 road was re-sited to the south of the town between 1962 and 1964, to avoid the twisting section through the village of Keldholme.

10728412

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolution%20random%20number%20generator

Convolution random number generator

In statistics and computer software, a convolution random number generator is a pseudo-random number sampling method that can be used to generate random variates from certain classes of probability distribution. The particular advantage of this type of approach is that it allows advantage to be taken of existing software for generating random variates from other, usually non-uniform, distributions. However, faster algorithms may be obtainable for the same distributions by other more complicated approaches. A number of distributions can be expressed in terms of the (possibly weighted) sum of two or more random variables from other distributions. (The distribution of the sum is the convolution of the distributions of the individual random variables). Example Consider the problem of generating a random variable with an Erlang distribution, . Such a random variable can be defined as the sum of k random variables each with an exponential distribution . This problem is equivalent to generating a random number for a special case of the Gamma distribution, in which the shape parameter takes an integer value.

512872

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinoclase

Clinoclase

Clinoclase is a hydrous copper arsenate mineral, Cu3AsO4(OH)3. Clinoclase is a rare secondary copper mineral and forms acicular crystals in the fractured weathered zone above copper sulfide deposits. It occurs in vitreous, translucent dark blue to dark greenish blue colored crystals and botryoidal masses. The crystal system is monoclinic 2/m. It has a hardness of 2.5 - 3 and a relative density of 4.3. Associated minerals include malachite, olivenite, quartz, limonite, adamite, azurite, and brochantite among others. Clinoclase was discovered in 1830 in the county of Cornwall in England. Found at Broken Hill New South Wales, Australia and associated with copper ore deposits in Arizona, California, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, and Utah in the United States. Also found in France, Germany, Czech Republic, Austria, Romania, Russia, and The Democratic Republic of The Congo. Abichite is another name for clinoclase. The type locality for clinoclase is the Wheal Gorland mine at St Day, Cornwall in the United Kingdom.

5591412

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie%20d%27amour%20%28song%29

Maladie d'amour (song)

"Maladie d'Amour" (French: Love Sickness) is a popular folk tune of the French West Indies recorded for the first time in 1931 by Leona Gabriel but popularised in the arrangement by Henri Salvador published in 1949. The published lyrics of Marc Lanjean begin: "Maladie d'amour,/ Maladie des amoureux / Si tu n'aimes que moi / Reste tout pres de moi". However Salvador himself often sang the song in French Creole with the lyrics "Maladi damour, Maladi de zamoureu, Chacha si'w enmen-mwen, Wa mache deye-mwen", a tribute to a chacha, meaning an older woman sweet on a younger man. The song became a standard among French singers, being sung among others by Jean Sablon, Sacha Distel, Elisabeth Jerome (fr), La Compagnie creole (fr), Manu Dibango, David Martial (fr) and Jacob Desvarieux (fr). English version The song is better known in English-speaking countries by the English version with lyrics by Leo Johns to an adapted French title "Melodie d'Amour" (French: "Melody of Love") by The Ames Brothers which was first released by RCA Victor as catalog number 47-7046 in 1957. The new English lyrics by Leo Johns begin "Melodie d'amour, take this song to my lover. Shoo shoo little bird, go and find my love." This song featured an electric harpsichord, in a rhumba rhythm. The Ames brothers version first reached the Billboard magazine charts on October 7, 1957. On the Disk Jockey chart, it peaked at #5; on the Best Seller chart, at #12; on the composite chart of the top 100 songs, it reached #12. In Canada it reached #5 on the CHUM Charts. Other versions Other vocal versions appeared from Edmundo Ros who sung the version in English with his orchestra, and the single appeared on the Variety magazine charts in 1957. The Ray Conniff Singers released a version of "Melodie D'Amour" (1964). Instrumental versions appeared from The Moontrekkers "Night Of The Vampire" / "Melodie D'Amore" Parlophone - UK - R 4814 and Lawrence Welk and his Orchestra "Calcutta" (Nicolette) / "Melodie D'amour" - London - UK - HLD 9261 1961 Dean Martin adapted the first line of the lyrics and title to "Cha Cha Cha De Amor" on Capitol (1962). Martin's "Cha Cha Cha D'Amour" was arranged from the Johns and Salvador version into a cha cha by arranger Nelson Riddle. In Europe Angele Durand sang a version to a German text by Glando.Jason Kouchak recorded the song on his 2008 Comme d'Habitude album. The Dutch singer Linda Petterson Bratt (born 1958) covered the song as "Weet Je Wat Ik Wil" in 1977 to words and arrangement by Lanjean and N. Hiltrop. Jazz pianist Jacky Terrasson included the song in his 2015 album Take This. Use in popular culture In 1962, Maladie d'amour was played by Nina van Pallandt and Frederik van Pallandt in The Sold Grandfather directed by Hans Albin.

60427272

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerva%20%281795%20ship%29

Minerva (1795 ship)

Minerva was launched in 1795 at Lancaster as a West Indiaman. In 1801 she was captured but immediately recaptured. Between 1802 and 1808 she made five voyages as a slave ship. She was last listed in 1816. Career Minerva entered Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1795 with W. Noble, master, Danson & Co., owners, and trade Cork-Martinique. In 1796 she had damages repaired. Captain William Lynass acquired a letter of marque on 23 August 1799. On 13 May 1801, Minerva, Lynass, master, was taken off the Spanish Coast as she was sailing from Tortola to Liverpool. However, the privateer Dart, of Dover, recaptured Minerva and brought her into Dover. James Crow replaced Lynass as master and acquired a letter of marque on 8 July 1801. Lloyd's List for 1802 showed Minerva, with W. Lynass, master, changing to J. Crow, Danson & Co., owners, changing to Peckop & Co., and trade Liverpool-Tortola. Minervas new owners registered her at Liverpool in 1802 and then employed her as a slaver. 1st slave voyage (1802-1803): Captain George Cannon sailed from Liverpool on 29 September 1802. Minerva gathered her slaves at Bonny, and arrived at the Bahamas on 19 April 1803. There she landed 212 slaves. She arrived back at Liverpool on 15 August. She had left with 24 crew men and she suffered one crew death on the voyage. 2nd slave voyage (1803-1804): Captain William Brown acquired a letter of marque on 7 October 1803. He sailed from Liverpool on 20 November 1803. Minerva gathered her slaves in West Africa and arrived at Kingston, Jamaica on 4 April 1804. There she landed 215 slaves. She left on 17 June and arrived back at Liverpool on 11 August. She had left Liverpool with 35 crew members and she suffered 13 crew deaths on the voyage. 3rd slave voyage (1804-1805): Captain Brown sailed from Liverpool on 4 December 1804. Minerva gathered her slaves on the Windward Coast, i.e., between Nunez and Assini. She arrived at Demerara on 30 March 1805, where she landed 215 slaves. She arrived back at Liverpool on 14 October 1805. She had left with 33 crew members and she suffered 10 crew deaths on the voyage. 4th slave voyage (1806-1807): Captain William Stowell sailed from Liverpool on 24 March 1806. Minerva gathered her slaves at Rio Pongo and the sierra Leone estuary. She arrived at Demerara on 10 October and there landed 198 slaves. She left on 21 January 1807 and arrived back at Liverpool on 8 April. She had left with 29 crew members and suffered nine crew deaths on the voyage. 5th slave voyage (1807-1808): Captain James Scarisbrick sailed from Liverpool on 3 May 1807. Minerva gathered her slaves at the Sierra Leone estuary, Cape Mesurado, and Cape Mount. She arrived at Barbados on 8 February 1808, where she landed 122 slaves. Captain James Hannah then sailed her to Berbice with 179 slaves, the remainder of her cargo. Minerva arrived back at Liverpool on 3 September. She had left with 27 crew members and she lost seven on the voyage. Some 100 of the slaves Minerva carried may have been survivors from the explosion that sank in the Sierra Leone estuary in mid-December 1807. The Slave Trade Act 1807 banned the slave trade within the British Empire. Because Minervas clearance from Liverpool was dated before the deadline of 1 May 1807, her voyage was still legal. Her owners sold Minerva; James Hannah remained her master. The Register of Shipping (RS) for 1809 showed her with Hannah, master, Ackers & Co., owners, and trade Liverpool-Spain. Fate Minerva was last listed in 1816, still with Hannah, master, and Akers, owner. Her trade was Liverpool-St Thomas.

21984270

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Mason%20%281757%E2%80%931818%29

William Mason (1757–1818)

William Mason (22 October 1757 - 7 February 1818) was an American planter and soldier. He was a militiaman in the American Revolutionary War and a prominent Virginia planter. Mason was the third son of George Mason, an American patriot, statesman, and delegate from Virginia to the U.S. Early life and education Mason was born on 22 October 1757. He was the fourth child and third eldest son of George Mason and his wife Ann Eilbeck. Like his brothers, Mason was educated by tutors at Gunston Hall. American Revolutionary War During the American Revolutionary War, Mason accepted a captain's commission and served in the Fairfax Militia fighting under Henry Lee III in South Carolina. In 1780, Mason's father declined an offer by Lee to continue his military service because his father felt Mason's "lot must be that of a farmer and gentleman." Mason was presented with a sword by General George Washington, which was said to have been given to him by Charles III of Spain. Mason returned to private life between December 1780 and June 1781. Properties In 1780, Mason inherited the Eilbeck family estates, Araby and Mattawoman, in Charles County, Maryland, from his maternal grandfather upon the death of his widow (Mason's grandmother), Sarah Eilbeck. Mason also received all his father's properties in Charles County. These properties were located along Chicamuxen and Mattawoman Creeks, adjacent to the Eilback lands. Marriage and children Unlike his eldest two brothers (but like his two younger brothers), Mason did not marry during his father's lifetime, but rather within a year after his death. On July 11, 1793 William Mason married Ann Stuart, daughter of Rev. William and Sarah Stuart, on 11 July 1793 at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in King George, Virginia. The bride's grandfather as well as her father served as rector of St. Paul's parish in King George County, and Sarah became the heiress of her maternal grandfather, Richard Foote of Cedar Grove plantation in King George County. The couple had five children, of whom four married. Their second son, another George Mason, would purchase Lexington from his uncle's estate and in turn left it to his son George Mason of Springbank, who died of typhoid fever and without children in Portland, Oregon on April 19, 1888. William Stuart Mason (1795-7 March 1857) George Mason of Hollin Hall (11 November 1797-25 March 1870) Ann Sarah Stuart Mason Heileman (1803-9 November 1852) Edgar Eilbeck Mason (1807-8 January 1835) Mary Elizabeth Mason (1810-2 February 1885) Death and legacy Mason died on 7 February 1818 at Mattawoman in Charles County, Maryland at age 60. Although that plantation house no longer exists, Araby does. His descendants occupied Araby until 1849. Mason's daughter Mary Elizabeth Mason sold the including the mansion to William Thompson in that year. Relations William Mason (1757-1814) was: a son of George Mason (1725-1792) nephew of Thomson Mason (1733-1785) first cousin of Stevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803), John Thomson Mason (1765-1824), and William Temple Thomson Mason (1782-1862) uncle of George Mason VI (1786-1834) and Richard Barnes Mason (1797-1850), Thomson Francis Mason (1785-1838), and James Murray Mason (1798-1871) first cousin once removed of Armistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819), John Thomson Mason (1787-1850), and John Thomson Mason, Jr. (1815-1873), and first cousin twice removed of Stevens Thomson Mason (1811-1843).

31663383

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa%20Panigarola

Casa Panigarola

Casa Panigarola (or Casa dei Panigarola), also known as Palazzo dei Notai ("Palace of the Notaries"), is a historic building of Milan, Italy, located in Piazza Mercanti, former city centre in the Middle Ages. It is named after the House of Panigarola, a family of notaries from Gallarate, that owned the building until 1741. The building thus served as a notary seat, and the activities therein were strictly related to those that occurred in the adjacent Palazzo della Ragione, where trials were held. The palace occupies the west side of the rectangular Piazza Mercanti city square. While its original structure dates back to the age of medieval communes, it was largely rebuilt in the 15th century in Gothic style. The facade was designed by Giovanni Solari in 1466 and largely restored in 1899 by Luca Beltrami. A minor restoration occurred in 1967, under the supervision of Antonio Cassi Ramelli. In the floor of the portico, there is a notable relief with the biscione, Milan's emblem under the House of Sforza. Another notable decoration of the palace is a ceramic plaque dating back to 1448, signed by Tommaso da Caponago (a 15th-century lawyer), that warns against the perils of recurring to the law to solve conflicts. Melano, Milano di terracotta e mattoni, Mazzotta, 2002 A. Lanza and M. Somare, Milano e suoi palazzi - Porta Vercellina, Comasina e Nuova, Libreria Milanese.

37673575

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt%20Gaffney

Matt Gaffney

Matt Gaffney is a professional crossword puzzle constructor and author who lives in Staunton, Virginia. His puzzles have appeared in Billboard magazine, the Chicago Tribune, the Daily Beast, Dell Champion Crossword Puzzles, GAMES magazine, the Los Angeles Times, New York magazine, the New York Times, Newsday, The Onion, Slate magazine, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, Washingtonian Magazine, The Week, and Wine Spectator. Gaffney was thirteen when his first crossword puzzle was published in Dell Champion Crossword Puzzles, and has gone on to create more than 4,000 crossword puzzles over the past 25 years. His puzzles have been published in the New York Times 58 times. He has served as judge for Will Shortz's American Crossword Puzzle Tournament and won the Junior division as a contestant in 1997. He has created puzzles for Lollapuzzoola and guest-constructed for Brendan Emmett Quigley. He was previously a contributor to the Onion A.V. Club crossword, edited by Ben Tausig. Since June 6, 2008, he has created a weekly crossword puzzle contest (MGWCC), and since September 21, 2011, he has created a daily crossword puzzle (MGDC). On October 11, 2013, Gaffney started a Gaffney on Crosswords blog covering all things crossword related. In July 2014 Gaffney's "Murder by Meta" Kickstarter project was released. In July 2023 Gaffney created a weekly crossword for Merriam-Webster's website. It's a puzzle type called "The Missing Letter". Twenty five entries in the grid are defined using their Merriam-Webster dictionary definition, and these each begin with a different letter of the alphabet. The only one not represented each week is "The Missing Letter". Matt Gaffney's Weekly Crossword Contest MGWCC is a combination crossword puzzle and "metapuzzle" (puzzle within a puzzle). It is posted every Friday afternoon and solvers generally have until the next Tuesday at noon to submit the correct answer. Instructions are provided each week, and the difficulty level increases as the month progresses. The first Friday of the month is about the level of a Monday New York Times Puzzle, where the last Friday of the month is about the Saturday New York Times (or harder) difficulty level. There are prizes awarded weekly and monthly; normally a customized MGWCC pen, pencil and notepad set. Once the weekly deadline passes, Joon Pahk provides a writeup and summary on the Diary of a Crossword Fiend blog where MGWCC #169 entitled "Moving Day" won the 2011 Puzzle of the Year Award and Gaffney won the 2012 Constructor of the Year Award. MGWCC celebrated 5 years of puzzles on June 14, 2013 with MGWCC #263 "Bring Forth the Fourth". Gaffney has stated the MGWCC will run for exactly 1,000 weeks, meaning the last one will be published on Friday, Aug. 6, 2027. Timothy Parker crossword scandal On March 4, 2016, the website FiveThirtyEight said it had found similarities between puzzles Timothy Parker had edited and published through USA Today and Universal Uclick (now Andrews McMeel Syndication) and ones previously published. Parker said he had not deliberately copied any puzzles, but Gaffney's Slate article "How to Spot a Plagiarized Crossword" presents evidence to the contrary. It was confirmed in mid-March that Parker had stepped back as an editor for USA Today and Universal. On April 18, 2016, Universal Uclick announced that it had confirmed some of the allegations and that Parker would take a three-month leave of absence. It stated that he would "(confirm) that his process for constructing puzzles uses the best available technology to ensure that everything he edits is original". On May 10, 2016, USA Today, and its parent company Gannett, announced that they would not publish any future puzzles from Parker, though they would continue to receive their puzzles from Universal Uclick. At the end of 2018, Universal Uclick declined to renew its contract with Parker. Publications Author Gridlock: Crossword Puzzles and the Mad Geniuses Who Create Them The Brain Works: 20-Minute While-You-Wait Crossword Puzzles The Brain Works 20-Minute On-the-Road Traveling Crossword Puzzles The Complete Idiot's Guide to Crossword Puzzles and Word Games The Pocket Idiot's Guide to Brain Games The Pocket Idiot's Guide to Kaidoku Sip & Solve: Hard Crosswords (Hard Crosswords) Sip & Solve: Hard Crosswords (Commuter Crosswords) Golf Crosswords mental_floss Crosswords: Rich, Mouthwatering Puzzles You Need to Unwrap Immediately! The Complete Idiot's Guide to Word Search Puzzles The Complete Idiot's Guide to More Word Search Puzzles Bite-Size Crosswords Co-author The Complete Idiot's Guide to Spanish - English Crossword Puzzles Sweet Smell of Crosswords USA Today Sports Crosswords Editor USA TODAY Movie Crosswords Classic Movie Crosswords Sports Crosswords: 50 All-New All-Star Puzzles Literary Crosswords: 50 All-New Puzzles from Austen to Zola Gaffney, Matt. Gridlock: Crossword Puzzles and the Mad Geniuses Who Create Them.

17684362

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304%20Northern%20Premier%20League

2003–04 Northern Premier League

The 2003-04 Northern Premier League season was the 36th in the history of the Northern Premier League, a football competition in England. Teams were divided into two divisions; the Premier and the First. This season was the last before the formation of the Conference North and the Conference South, so most of the Premier Division teams were promoted to the Conference North for next season. Subsequently, the First Division had most of its teams promoted to the Premier Division, with new teams admitted from the leagues just below the Northern Premier in the English football league system, although the league reform meant that the "promoted" clubs remained in the same tier within the English football league system, and further meant that while there was no relegation within the NPL itself, those clubs that missed out on promotion nevertheless had their position within the league system downgraded by one tier. During this season, Radcliffe Borough's Jody Banim broke the English record for the most consecutive games where a player has scored at least one goal, which ran from 9 September to 4 November. Premier Division The Premier Division featured four new teams: Southport relegated from the Football Conference Alfreton Town promoted as champions of Division One Spennymoor United promoted as runner-up of Division One Radcliffe Borough promoted as via playoff from Division One League table Results Play-offs Eight teams competed for the final Conference North place; including Hyde United, champions of Division One. Division One Division One featured five new teams: Colwyn Bay relegated from the Premier Division Gateshead relegated via Playoff from the Premier Division Hyde United relegated from the Premier Division Bridlington Town as champions of the Northern Counties East League Premier Division Prescot Cables as champions of the North West Counties League Division One League table Results Promotion and relegation In the thirty-sixth season of the Northern Premier League the top fourteen teams of the Premier Division plus Bradford Park Avenue were promoted to the newly formed Conference North. They were replaced by the top fourteen teams of the First Division, who in turn were replaced by the following fourteen teams: Gresley Rovers (from the Southern League Western Division) Shepshed Dynamo (from the Southern League Western Division) Ilkeston Town (from the Southern League Western Division) Willenhall Town Eastwood Town Mossley Rocester A.F.C. Telford United Brigg Town Warrington Town Ossett Albion Clitheroe Woodley Sports Spalding United While no teams were relegated this season, the league reform meant the teams that missed out on "promotion" remained in a league that had its position in the English football league system downgraded by one tier while the "promoted" teams actually remained on the same level of the league system. Cup results Challenge Cup: Teams from both leagues. Hucknall Town President's Cup: 'Plate' competition for losing teams in the NPL Cup. Workington Chairman's Cup: 'Plate' competition for losing teams in the NPL Cup. Leek Town Peter Swales Shield: Between Champions of NPL Premier Division and Winners of the NPL Cup.

21574374

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen%20Williams%20%28British%20civil%20servant%29

Helen Williams (British civil servant)

Helen Mary Williams CB (born 30 June 1950) is a British civil servant and Director of School Curriculum and Pupil Well-being at the Department for Children, Schools and Families. Born to Graham Myatt and Mary Harrison she was educated at Allerton High School in Leeds before matriculating to St Hilda's College, Oxford, where she gained an honours degree in Modern History. She began work for the Department for Education and Skills in 1972, and between 1984 and 1993 worked as an Assistant Secretary in the Department for Education dealing with Research Council funding. From 1993 to 1998 she was on loan from the Department for Education working for the Office of Science and Technology, reporting to first William Stewart and then to Sir John Cadogan. In 1999 she returned to the Department for Education, now the Department for Education and Employment, and became Director of School Organisation and Funding. In 2002 she became Director of Primary Education and e-learning, and in 2004 she was made Co-Director of School Standards before being promoted to Director of School Curriculum and Pupil Well-being in 2006. She was made a Companion of the Bath in the 2006 New Year Honours. Personal life Her first marriage was to Ian Vaughan Williams in 1975; the marriage ended in a divorce in 1982. She remarried in 1993 to David Forrester, another civil servant, with whom she has two children, one son and one daughter.

11593153

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan%20Soule

Nathan Soule

Nathan Soule (August 7, 1790 - January 9, 1860) was an American politician who served one term as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1831 to 1835. Biography Born in Dover Plains, New York, Soule resided at Fort Plain. Congress Soule was elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-second Congress (March 4, 1831 - March 3, 1833). He served as member of the New York state assembly, 1837. Soule died on January 9, 1960, and is buried in Pine Plains Cemetery in Clay, New York.

16895421

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihajlo%20Luki%C4%87

Mihajlo Lukić

Mihajlo Lukic (24 September 1886 - 18 July 1961) was a Croatian general who began his career as an officer in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I, then climbed the hierarchy of the Royal Yugoslav Army, finally joining the Croatian Home Guard during World War II. He was retired in 1943 due to his disapproval of sending Croat volunteers to the Wehrmacht. After the collapse of the Independent State of Croatia, communist authorities sentenced him to 10 years in prison. Early life Lukic was the father of a musical school professor, Darko Lukic. He finished gymnasium in Bjelovar, and was then sent to the Higher Cadet school in Karlovac. He then finished the Military Academy in Vienna. Although his family was of Serb origin, he identified as Croat. World War II At the start of the April War, Lukic headed the Triglav Alpine Detachment. From the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia in April 1941 until June he headed the Osijek Division. From July to October 1941 he headed the Lika Brigade based in Bihac. He also briefly served as liaison officer to the Second Italian Army and was inspector-general of the infantry. From late 1941 until April 1943 he served as commander of the III Domobran Corps, covering much of the southern Independent State of Croatia. In 1942 he became outspoken against Croatian soldiers joining German units and claimed that German economic interests were outweighing the interests of the new Croatian state. He was forced to retire in 1943, after being suspected to have contacts with Chetniks. He was sentenced to ten years imprisonment in Communist Yugoslavia. He is buried at Mirogoj cemetery.

25261458

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherby%2C%20Ontario

Netherby, Ontario

Netherby is an unincorporated rural community in the city of Niagara Falls, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. History Netherby had a post office from 1862 to 1914. By 1874, Netherby had a saw mill, store, and a population of 100. In 1887, an independent agricultural society called the Netherby Union Agricultural Society had established its headquarters in Netherby. Little remains of the original settlement but a store, the Netherby Variety and Convenience Store.

37658794

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20My%20Little%20Monster%20episodes

List of My Little Monster episodes

My Little Monster is a 2012 romantic comedy Japanese anime based on the manga written and illustrated by Robico. The story follows the relationship between Haru Yoshida, a cheerful and seemingly delinquent boy and Shizuku Mizutani, a socially awkward girl who devotes herself to obtaining academic success. The anime is produced by Brain's Base and directed by Hiro Kaburaki, along with series composition by Noboru Takagi, character designs by Tomohiro Kishi, art direction by Chikako Shibata and soundtrack music by Masato Nakayama. The series premiered on TV Tokyo on October 2, 2012 with later airings on TVO, TVh, TSC, TVA and TVQ. The series was picked up by Crunchyroll for online simulcast streaming in North America and other select parts of the world. The thirteen episode series was followed by an OAD episode on August 12, 2013. Aniplex released the series in Japan on seven Blu-ray and DVD volumes starting on November 21, 2012. NIS America licensed the series for release in North America. The opening theme is by Haruka Tomatsu and the ending theme is "White Wishes" by 9nine. Episode list Home media Aniplex released the series in Japan on seven Blu-ray and DVD volumes between November 21, 2012 and May 22, 2013. NIS America will release the series on a single Blu-ray and DVD volume on June 30, 2015 which will include Japanese audio with English subtitles.

25225976

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andmoresound

Andmoresound

Andmoresound was an independent record label based in Glasgow, Scotland, managed and operated by musician and businessman, Lindsay Boyd. It was named in homage to the song "Andmoreagain" by the band Love. Andmoresound was responsible for launching several Scottish indie pop and indie rock bands, including Tacoma Radar and Boyd's own group Mac Meda. The label's most notable signing was another band in which Boyd occasionally played, indie pop group Camera Obscura, a band who would find greater success on the Elefant Records and Merge Records labels. Mac Meda's debut single, "My Favourite Trashcan" claimed NME 's 'Single of the Week' title on its release.

29498039

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20and%20Austrian%20Alpine%20Club

German and Austrian Alpine Club

The German and Austrian Alpine Club (, DuOAV) was a merger of the German, Austrian and German Bohemian Alpine Club that existed from 1873 to 1938. History In 1862 the Sektion Austria was founded in Vienna by the academics Paul Grohmann, Friedrich Simony and Edmund von Mojsisovics. It was the first mountaineering club on the continent, modelled on the London Alpine Club. About seven years later, the Austrian mountaineer Franz Senn founded the Bildungsburgerlicher Bergsteigerverein in Munich. Both organisations merged in 1873 to form the German and Austrian Alpine Club. The main organisation consisted of numerous legally independent sections responsible for the upkeep of Alpine club huts and footpaths. In 1918 the DuOAV purchased about of land at the Pasterze Glacier of the Grossglockner massif, which became the nucleus of the present-day High Tauern National Park. From the mid-1920s the club placed an increased focus on environmental concerns of the high mountain regions. On the other hand, club life was shaped by rising nationalism and antisemitism. Some sections, such as in Vienna or Munich, implemented an "Aryan paragraph" even before World War I. After 1919, Jewish members were expelled from the club. In turn, the Sektion Donauland was founded by Viktor Frankl and Fred Zinnemann as a resort for Jewish alpinists; it was excluded from the DuOAV main organisation in 1924. Even in most Alpine club huts, Jewish mountaineers were not admitted. While the cross-national DuOAV first could not be co-opted into the Nazi German League of the Reich for Physical Exercise (DRL), the organisation lost its independence upon the Austrian Anschluss to Nazi Germany and the occupation of the Czechoslovak Sudetenland in 1938. After World War II the Austrian Alpine Club (OAV) was re-established in 1945, followed by the separate German Alpine Club (DAV) in 1952. See also Austrian Tourist Club South Tyrol Alpine Club External links Besprechung einer Sonderausstellungen des Deutschen Alpenvereins "Hast Du meine Alpen gesehen?" und eines Vortrags von Martin Achrainer: "So, jetzt sind wir ganz unter uns!

2205694

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Austin%20Gooch

Frank Austin Gooch

Frank Austin Gooch (1852 - 1929) was a chemist and engineer. Biography He was born to Joshua G. & Sarah Gates (Coolidge) Gooch in Watertown, Massachusetts. On his mother's side of the family, he was a descendant of Thomas Hastings who came from the East Anglia region of England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1634. Gooch invented the Gooch crucible, which is used, for example, to determine the solubility of bituminous materials such as road tars and petroleum asphalts. He was awarded a Ph.D. by Harvard University in 1877. Gooch was a professor of chemistry at Yale University from 1885 to 1918. He devised or perfected a large number of analytical processes and methods, including: Invented the Gooch filtering crucible. Studied the quantitative separation of lithium from the other alkali metals, and the estimation of boric acid by distillation with methanol and fixation by calcium oxide. Developed methods for estimating molybdenum, vanadium, selenium, and tellurium. Studied the use of the paratungstate and pyrophosphate ions in analysis. Developed a series of methods for estimating various elements based on the volumetric determination of iodine. Discovered a method for the rapid electrolytic estimation of metals. He was a member of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. National Cyclopaedia of American Biography, James T. White & Co.: 1921-1984; vol.

127305

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holtsville%2C%20New%20York

Holtsville, New York

Holtsville is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Suffolk County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 19,714 at the 2010 census. The hamlet is mainly in the Town of Brookhaven, while the southwestern portion is in the Town of Islip. An IRS Processing Center is located in Holtsville, along with NYPA's Richard M. Flynn Power Plant. History The hamlet known today as Holtsville included only a few farmhouses in the late 18th century. In 1843, the Long Island Rail Road opened its Waverly station. Maps from that period label the area as Waverly, and a stagecoach line ran north-south along present day Waverly Avenue. As another post office named Waverly already existed in New York, the name of the hamlet was changed to Holtsville in 1860, in honor of U.S. Postmaster General Joseph Holt. As of 1874, Holtsville consisted of 15 houses, a school, and a general store. The train station retained the name "Waverly" for some time, but was eventually also changed to Holtsville, probably in the 1890s, after farmers complained about their shipments going upstate by mistake. In 1916, the Suffolk County Tuberculosis Sanatorium opened on land that was considered Holtsville at the time, but is now part of the hamlet of Selden. The site later became the location of the main campus of Suffolk County Community College. The Internal Revenue Service opened a large processing center on a site in the hamlet in 1972. The rail era in Holtsville ended in 1998, when a number of LIRR stations closed due to low ridership. Holtsville commuters were advised to use Medford and Ronkonkoma stations; more use Ronkonkoma because, except for a few peak-hour trains terminating in Mineola or Hicksville, boarding at Medford would require transfer to an electric train at Ronkonkoma anyway. As of 2016, the Internal Revenue Service in Holtsville has the lowest ZIP Code (00501) in use in the United States. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the census of 2010, there were 19,714 people, 5,316 households, and 4,454 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 5,418 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 81.7% White, 1.7% African American, 0.09% Native American, 4.4% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.1% of the population. There were 5,316 households, out of which 43.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.4% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.2% were non-families. 12.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.19 and the average family size was 3.47. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.2% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 33.5% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 6.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.9 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $68,544, and the median income for a family was $71,784. Males had a median income of $50,361 versus $31,709 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $24,031. About 2.4% of families and 3.6% of the population were below the poverty threshold, including 2.7% of those under age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over. Parks and recreation Holtsville is home to the Harold H. Malkmes Wildlife Education and Ecology Center, a public zoo and ecological park located on the site of a former landfill. Some of the amenities at the park include: a triple pool complex; exercise-trail fitness course; nature preserve and ecology center, featuring buffalo, bobcats, eagles, ecology exhibits and tours, free compost, greenhouses and a picnic area. Education The Sachem School District serves the residents of Holtsville.

765528

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund%20Ezra%20Day

Edmund Ezra Day

Edmund Ezra Day (December 7, 1883 - March 23, 1951) was an American educator. Biography Day received his undergraduate and master's degrees from Dartmouth College and his doctorate in economics from Harvard. While at Dartmouth, he became a brother of Theta Delta Chi. In 1921 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. In 1923 he went to the University of Michigan, where he served as professor of economics, organizer and first dean of the School of Business Administration, and Dean of the University. He went on to serve as the fifth president of Cornell University from 1937 to 1949. While in office, he helped establish the School of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell. Legacy and honors The main administrative building at Cornell was built in 1947 and named Day Hall in his honor. Day is one of only fifteen people whose remains are interred in Cornell's Sage Chapel, a list which includes founders Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White, as well as "third founder" Henry W. Sage. References External links Cornell Presidency: Edmund Ezra Day Cornell University Library Presidents Exhibition: Edmund Ezra Day (Presidency; Inauguration) Guide to the Edmund Ezra Day arbitration files, 1949. Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives, Cornell University Library.

70326019

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Mata

Benjamin Mata

Benjamin Mata (born 10 August 1998) is a Cook Islands footballer who currently plays as a central defender for Wellington Olympic and the Cook Islands national team. Club career Mata began his youth career with Wanderers SC. After his departure from the club he joined Onehunga Sports. The following season he was signed to the reserve side of Wellington Phoenix of the A-League. He was one of two players to receive the Winston Reid Scholarship to join the club. In 2017 he committed to play college soccer in the United States for the Bears of Missouri State University. However, he did not go on to appear for the team. In 2018 Mata joined Papakura City for one season. In 2019 he joined Tupapa Maraerenga of the Cook Islands Round Cup. He made two appearances for the club in 2019 OFC Champions League qualification, scoring three goals. Later in 2019 he moved to Team Wellington. He remained with the club until 2021 when he signed across town with Wellington Olympic. During his first season with Olympic, Mata helped the team win the Central League title that season. After the move to Olympic he was named captain of the squad. International Mata represented his native New Zealand at the youth level. He made his debut for the nation at the 2015 OFC U-17 Championship. After qualifying as champions of the 2017 OFC U-17 Championship, he was then part of the squad that advanced to the round of 16 in the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup. He captained the side in the team's round of 16 loss to Brazil. In March 2022 it was confirmed that Mata had committed to representing the Cook Islands internationally and had been included in the nation's squad for 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification. He went on to make his senior international debut on 17 March 2022 in the opening match against the Solomon Islands. He served as captain of the squad in his first-ever appearance. International career statistics Personal Mata was born in Auckland, New Zealand. He is the brother of fellow footballer Max Mata.

396466

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamlet%20%28place%29

Hamlet (place)

A hamlet is a human settlement that is smaller than a town or village. This is often simply an informal description of a smaller settlement or possibly a subdivision or satellite entity to a larger settlement. Sometimes a hamlet is defined for official or administrative purposes. In that case, its size relative to a parish or other administrative unit will depend on the administration and region. The word and concept of a hamlet can be traced back to Norman England, where the Old French , came to apply to small human settlements. Etymology The word comes from Anglo-Norman , corresponding to Old French , the diminutive of Old French meaning a little village. This, in turn, is a diminutive of Old French , possibly borrowed from (West Germanic) Franconian languages. It is the equivalent of the modern French , Dutch , Frisian , German , Old English , and Modern English home. By country Afghanistan In Afghanistan, the counterpart of the hamlet is the qala (Dari: ql`h, Pashto: khly) meaning "fort" or "hamlet". The Afghan qala is a fortified group of houses, generally with its own community building such as a mosque, but without its own marketplace. The qala is the smallest type of settlement in Afghan society, outsized by the village (Dari/Pashto: dh), which is larger and includes a commercial area. Canada In Canada's three territories, hamlets are officially designated municipalities. As of January 1, 2010: Northwest Territories had 11 hamlets, each of which had a population of less than 900 people as of the 2016 census; Nunavut had 24 hamlets, with populations ranging from 129 to 2,842 as of the 2016 census; and Yukon had two hamlets, both of which had a population of less than 450 people as of the 2016 census. In Canada's provinces, hamlets are usually small unincorporated communities within a larger municipality (similar to civil townships in the United States), such as many communities within the single-tier municipalities of Ontario or within Alberta's specialized and rural municipalities. Canada's two largest hamlets--Fort McMurray (formerly incorporated as a city) and Sherwood Park--are located in Alberta. They each have populations, within their main urban area, in excess of 60,000--well in excess of the 10,000-person threshold that can choose to incorporate as a city in Alberta. The designation of these urban areas as a "hamlet" is simply to enable their residents to participate in the politics of their surrounding counties. As such, these two hamlets have been further designated by the Province of Alberta as urban service areas. An urban service area is recognized as equivalent to a city for the purposes of provincial and federal program delivery and grant eligibility. France A hamlet, , is a group of rural dwellings, usually too small to be considered a village. The term is also applied to hamlets, but this can also refer to uninhabited localities. During the 18th century it was fashionable for rich or noble people to create their own in their gardens. This was a group of houses or farms with rustic appearance, but in fact very comfortable. The best known is the Hameau de la Reine built by the queen Marie-Antoinette in the park of the ; also the Hameau de Chantilly built by Louis Joseph, Prince of Conde in . Germany The German word for hamlet is (). A Weiler has, compared to a Dorf (village), no infrastructure (i.e. no inn, no school, no store, no church). The houses and farms of a Weiler can be grouped (in the hills and the mountains) or scattered (more often in the plains). In North West Germany, a group of scattered farms is called Bauerschaft. In a Weiler there are no street names, the houses are just numbered. There is no legal definition of a hamlet in Germany. In Bavaria, like in Austria, a Weiler is defined as a settlement with 3 to 9 dwellings, from 10 houses it is called a village. A hamlet does not usually form its own administrative unit, but is part of a larger municipality. India In different states of India, there are different words for hamlet. In Haryana and Rajasthan it is called "dhani" ( ) or "Thok". In Gujarat a hamlet is called a "nesada", which are more prevalent in the Gir forest. In Maharashtra it is called a "pada". In southern Bihar, especially in the Magadh division, a hamlet is called a "bigha". In state of Karnataka, Hamlet (place of human settlement) is known by different names like Palya, Hadi (Haadi), Keri, and Padi (Paadi). In olden days the human population of hamlet was less than Halli (Village) or Ooru (Uru). But in 20th century with tremendous increase in population, some of these hamlets have become villages, towns, cities or merged with them. Indonesia All over Indonesia, hamlets are translated as "small village", or . They are known as in Central Java and East Java, in Bali, or in West Sumatra. Netherlands The Dutch words for hamlet are or . A gehucht or buurtschap has, compared to a dorp (village), no infrastructure (i.e. no inn, no school, no store) and contains often only one street, bearing the same name. The houses and farms of a gehucht or a buurtschap can be scattered. Though there are strong similarities between a gehucht and buurtschap, the words are not interchangeable. A gehucht officially counts as an independent place of residence (e.g. Wateren), while a buurtschap officially is a part of an other place (e.g. Pakistan In Pakistan a hamlet is called a gaaon gw'N or mauza mwD` in Urdu, giraaan grN or pind pndd in Punjabi, and kalay khl in Pashto. It is almost synonymous to 'village'. Poland In Poland a hamlet is called osada, and is legally a small rural settlement, especially differing by type of buildings or inhabited by population connected with some place or workplace (like mill hamlet, forest hamlet, fishermen hamlet, railway hamlet, State Agricultural Farm hamlet). It can be an independent settlement, or a part of another settlement, like a village. Romania In Romania hamlets are called (singular: ), and they represent villages that contain several houses at most. They are legally considered villages, and statistically, they are placed in the same category. Like villages, they do not have a separate administration, and thus are not an administrative division, but are part of a parent commune. Russia In the Russian language there are several words which mean "a hamlet", but all of them are approximately equivalent. The most common word is derevnia (derevnia, the word meant "an arable" in the past); the words selo (selo, from the Russian word selit'sia (selit'tsa), meaning "to settle") and posiolok (posiolok) are quite frequently used, too. Parallel to many other cultures, a distinction was often that selo has a church and derevnia has not. The once common Russian word khutor (khutor) for the smallest type of rural settlement (arguably closest in nature to the English hamlet) is now mostly obsolete. The state of USSR wanted to have some form of basic infrastructure and central authority at each and every settlement. Obviously, this is the opposite of hamlet - a place without neither for being too small to meaningfully support those. Even without state pressure, once one of the neighboring khutors got a permanent shop, school, community center (known in Russia as dom kul'tury, "house of culture"), maybe a medical post, others would naturally relocate closer, drawing together into one village. Thus, the dimunitive form dereven'ka (derevenka, tiny derevnia) is in widespread, albeit unofficial, use to denote such settlements, which mostly possess the amenities of a village yet the size of hamlet. Spain In Spain a hamlet is called (). The word comes from the Spanish term ("estate"). In the South of Spain, the term () is also used for designating small groups of rural dwellings or farmhouses. A hamlet in Spain is a human settlement, usually located in rural areas, and typically smaller in size and population than a village (called in Spain, ). The hamlet is a common territorial organisation in the North West of Spain (Asturias, Cantabria and Galicia) dependent on a larger entity (e.g. In Spain, the hamlet is one of the categories in the official gazetteer of population entities. In the Royal Order and Instruction of the 8 of March 1930, issued for the elaboration of the Annual gazetteer, the hamlet () is defined as the population entity with the smallest population and neighbourhood, usually more disseminated than the lugar, though its buildings can be also organised in streets and plazas. Switzerland In the four national languages hamlets are known as (German), (French), (Italian) and (Romansh). A hamlet is always part of a larger municipality or may be shared between two municipalities. The difference between a hamlet and a village is that typically a hamlet lacks a compact core settlement and lacks a central building such as a church or inn. However, some hamlets () may have grown up as an unplanned settlement around a church. There is no population limit that defines a hamlet and some hamlets have a larger population than some of the smallest municipalities. Generally there are no street names in a hamlet; rather, addresses are given by hamlet name and a number. House numbers might start at one side of the hamlet and continue to the other side or may have no clear organization. A hamlet may form or have formed a (legal place of citizenship regardless of where a person was born or currently lives) and may own common property for the . Turkey In Turkey, a hamlet is known as a and denotes a small satellite settlement usually consisting of a few houses in the rural outskirts of a village. Ukraine In Ukraine, a very small village such as a hamlet usually is called a . There also existed such places like volia, sloboda, huta, buda, and others. United Kingdom England In England, the word hamlet (having the French origin given at the top of this article) means (in current usage) simply a small settlement, maybe of a few houses or farms, smaller than a village. However traditionally and legally, it means a village or a town without a church, although hamlets are recognised as part of land use planning policies and administration. Historically, it may refer to a secondary settlement in a civil parish, after the main settlement (if any); such an example is the hamlet of Chipping being the secondary settlement within the civil parish of Buckland. Hamlets may have been formed around a single source of economic activity such as a farm, mill, mine or harbour that employed its working population. Some hamlets may be the result of the depopulation of a village; examples of such a hamlet are Graby and Shapwick. Because of the hilly topography of the parish, the village of Clent, situated on the Clent Hills, consists of five distinct hamlets. Northern Ireland In Northern Ireland the common Irish place name element is sometimes considered equivalent to the term hamlet in English, although would actually have referred to what is known in English today as a townland: that is to say, a geographical locality rather than a small village. Scotland In the Scottish Highlands the term , of Gaelic derivation, may be preferred to the term hamlet. Also found in Scotland more generally is used in the specific case of a farm settlement, including outbuildings and agricultural workers' homes. Wales The term hamlet was used in Wales to denote a geographical subdivision of a parish (which might or might not contain a settlement). Elsewhere, mostly in England, these subdivisions were called "townships" or "tithings". The Welsh word for "hamlet" is (also ). Both these words are diminutives of pentref ("village") with the loose meaning of "small village". United States Mississippi In Mississippi, a 2009 state law (SS 17-27-5) set aside the term "municipal historical hamlet" to designate any former city, town, or village with a current population of less than 600 inhabitants that lost its charter before 1945. The first such designation was applied to Bogue Chitto, Lincoln County. New York In New York, hamlets are unincorporated settlements within towns. Hamlets are not legal entities and have no local government or official boundaries. Their approximate locations will often be noted on road signs, however, a specific service, such as water, sewer, or lighting to provide only that hamlet with services. A hamlet could be described as the rural or suburban equivalent of a neighborhood in a city or village. The area of a hamlet may not be exactly defined; it may be designated by the Census Bureau, or it may rely on some other form of border (such as a ZIP Code, school district or fire district for more urbanized areas; rural hamlets are typically only demarcated by speed zones on the roads serving them). Others, such as Forestville, New York, will be the remnants of former villages, with borders coextant with the previously defined borders of the defunct or dissolved village. Some hamlets proximate to urban areas are sometimes continuous with their cities and appear to be neighborhoods, but they still are under the jurisdiction of the town. Some localities designated as hamlets, such as Levittown in the Town of Hempstead, with a population of over 50,000, are more populous than some incorporated cities in the state. Oregon In Oregon, specifically in Clackamas County, a hamlet is a form of local government for small communities that allows the citizens therein to organize and co-ordinate community activities. Hamlets do not provide services, such as utilities or fire protection, and do not have the authority to levy taxes or fees. There are four hamlets in Oregon: Beavercreek, Mulino, Molalla Prairie, and Stafford. Vietnam In Vietnam, a hamlet (, ) is the smallest unofficial administrative unit. It is a subdivision of a commune or township ().

74236547

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funky%20Nothingness

Funky Nothingness

Funky Nothingness is an album by Frank Zappa, released on June 30, 2023. It is a 3CD set which primarily contains unreleased songs written and recorded in 1970, shortly after sessions concluded for the album Hot Rats. Background After the first incarnation of The Mothers of Invention disbanded, Frank Zappa embarked on a solo career and created the predominantly instrumental and jazz oriented Hot Rats, which would become one of his most acclaimed. The album, rather than having a core group of musicians, utilized various session players from track to track. From these sessions, Zappa assembled a core group to record new material in February and March of 1970. The group consisted of Ian Underwood, Max Bennett and Don "Sugarcane" Harris, as well as newcomer Aynsley Dunbar, who had recently relocated to Los Angeles and moved in with Zappa. Much of the tracks on Funky Nothingness were recorded by the 5-piece group at the newly opened Record Plant studio, some of which appearing in edited forms on other Zappa albums produced around the same time. A longer version of "Chunga's Revenge (Basement Version)" was released on the DVD-Audio album QuAUDIOPHILIAc (2004), under the title "Chunga's Basement". Much shorter edits of "Transylvania Boogie" and "The Clap" appeared as the first and eighth tracks on Chunga's Revenge (1970). "Sharleena (1970 Record Plant Mix)" appeared on the posthumous compilation The Lost Episodes (1996). The title track originates from 1967, at the end of a recording session for Uncle Meat. It features the original Mothers' bassist, and James "Motorhead" Sherwood on rhythm guitar. Track listing All songs written by Frank Zappa except where noted.

71758158

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite%20Cazeneuve

Marguerite Cazeneuve

Marguerite Cazeneuve (born 1988) is a French specialist in social affairs, health and pensions. She is an adviser of President Emmanuel Macron. Biography She was a student at HEC Paris from 2008 to 2013, where she was elected president of the student office. She did internships at Procter & Gamble (end of 2010) and at McKinsey (2011). She specializes during her course (master's degree in "media, arts and creation"). In December 2014, spotted during this mission, she was recruited at the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, and appointed secretary general of the ONDAM steering committee. In July 2021, when Jean Castex became Prime Minister, his chief of staff Nicolas Revel promoted her to head of the health-solidarity-social protection division of his cabinet. In this capacity, it oversees the management of the Covid-19 crisis for the Government. In March 2021, she was appointed Deputy Director at the National Fund for Health Insurance. She coordinates Emmanuel Macron's program on health, autonomy, social protection and pensions during the presidential campaign of 2022. Personal life She is the daughter of Jean-Rene Cazeneuve, MP for Gers and Beatrice Cazeneuve, executive at Eli Lilly France. She has been in a relationship with Aurelien Rousseau, the current Minister of Health, member of the Council of State and director of the Prime Minister's cabinet between 2022 and 2023. References 1988 births Living people French political consultants La Republique En Marche!

51550456

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trodden%20Weed

Trodden Weed

Trodden Weed is a 1951 painting by the American artist Andrew Wyeth. It is a self-portrait, displaying the painter from his knees down, dressed in a pair of old, high leather boots. The boots had belonged to N. C. Wyeth's teacher Howard Pyle. Andrew Wyeth had received the boots as a Christmas gift from his wife in 1950. The boots fitted him and he used them as he walked around the countryside of Chadds Ford recovering from a serious operation. Wyeth described the creation of this painting in a letter published in ARTnews in May 1952. Michael Ennis of Texas Monthly wrote in 1987: "In Trodden Weed (1951), a self-portrait from the knees down in which the artist donned Howard Pyle's wrinkled old boots, Andrew strides the coppery turf with an autobiographical symbolism that is as hackneyed as it is visually moribund".

43482336

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20football%20in%20Israel

American football in Israel

American football is a sport played at the amateur and international competition levels in Israel. The Israel Football League (IFL) is the highest level of competition in Israel, although there are multiple flag football leagues, a high school league and a youth league. All forms of American football in Israel are governed by American Football in Israel (IFL). , there are 1,350 active football players living in Israel. American Football in Israel American Football in Israel (AFI) is a non-profit association formed in 1998. In 2004 it was officially recognized by Ministry of Education's Sports Authority in Israel. Since this recognition, it is the sport's official governing body for all American Football activities within Israel. AFI is a member of the International Federation of American Football. Israel Football League The Israel Football League (IFL) was founded in the summer of 2005 by a group of Israelis, led by Ofri Becker, who wanted to play tackle American football. The first season was played without pads or an official governing body. In 2007, the league began fully equipped play under the umbrella of AFI, and Israel Bowl I was held in 2008. Israel national American football team The Israel national American football team represents Israel in international men's American football competitions. The team formed in 2012 and consisted of mostly Israel Football League players and coaching staff. The first international American football game played by Israel was played May 17, 2012 in Baptist village near Petah Tikva, when the Israeli national team met Maranatha Baptist Bible College. Competitions The first official game in EFAF competitions took place at 30 August 2015 in Madrid. The opponents was Spain national American football team from EFAF C Group European Championship. As a new entry Israel could earn its way into Group B. Israel won the game 28-20. Israel will thus play in the four team Group B European Championship in Italy in September 2016 with the winner of the four team tournament eligible for another qualifying round against either Denmark or Sweden, the sixth and fifth place of the 2014 championship respectively, to the A Championship to be held in Germany in 2018. Kraft Family New England Patriots owner Robert Kraft is the largest donor to Israeli American Football initiatives. Kraft has donated millions of dollars to the Israeli Football League. Additionally due to his generosity the American Football stadium in Jerusalem is called the Kraft Family Stadium, the only American Football stadium in Israel. Kraft's wife Myra Kraft has donated millions of dollars to women's Flag Football in Israel. On an annual basis Kraft also brings NFL players and other celebrities to Israel, including Tom Brady in 2006. In 2015 Kraft brought 19 Pro Football Hall of Fame members with him, including: Raymond Berry, Mel Blount, Tim Brown, Curley Culp, Chris Doleman, John Hannah, Mike Haynes, Ken Houston, Paul Krause, Floyd Little, Tom Mack, Curtis Martin, Ron Mix, Jim Taylor, Thurman Thomas, Andre Tippett, Roger Wehrli, Rayfield Wright, and Jack Youngblood. In 2017 Kraft brought Calais Campbell of the Arizona Cardinals, Dan Williams of the Oakland Raiders , Cameron Jordan of the New Orleans Saints, Delanie Walker of the Tennessee Titans, and Mychal Kendricks of the Philadelphia Eagles. In 2014, during Operation Protective Edge, a soldier from the Los Angeles area, Max Steinberg, was killed in action. Upon hearing that Steinberg was a Patriot's fan, Robert Kraft wrote a letter to the family offering his condolences. In November 2015, Ezra Schwartz, from Sharon, Massachusetts, was killed in a terror attack in Gush Etzion, and was honored with a moment of silence prior to the Monday Night Football game against the Buffalo Bills on November 23. In 2017, just after the Patriots won Super Bowl LI, Kraft agreed to donate $6 million to build Israel's first ever regulation size football field, near Jerusalem. In June 2017, Robert Kraft along with several NFL Hall of Famers traveled to Israel for the grand opening of the new Kraft Family Sports Campus.

377143

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet%20Astro

Chevrolet Astro

The Chevrolet Astro is a van that was manufactured and marketed by the Chevrolet division of American auto manufacturer General Motors from 1985 to 2005. Sold alongside the GMC Safari, the Astro was marketed in multiple configurations, including passenger minivan and cargo van. The Astro and Safari used a rear-wheel drive chassis; all-wheel drive became an option in 1990. For its entire production, the Astro and Safari were produced by Baltimore Assembly in Baltimore, Maryland; the vans would be the final model line produced by the facility. In total, approximately 3.2 million Astros and Safaris were produced from 1985 through 2005. Background The Astro and Safari were introduced for the 1985 model year as the first minivan from General Motors. While marketed as a response to the first-generation Chrysler minivans, GM selected a rear-wheel drive layout, sizing the Astro and Safari closely to the short-wheelbase Chevrolet G10 van. Similar to the Ford Aerostar, to reduce production costs, GM adapted light-truck powertrain components; engines and transmissions were sourced from the Chevrolet S-10, allowing for a towing capacity of up to . Prior to its use on a minivan, the Astro nameplate was used twice by General Motors; in 1967 (for the Chevrolet Astro 1 concept car) and from 1969 until 1987 (on the GMC Astro COE semitractor). GMC sourced the Safari nameplate from Pontiac (used by the latter to denote station wagons). As GMC was half of the Pontiac/GMC Division (later including Buick), from 1985 through 1989, both GMC and Pontiac Safaris were simultaneously offered through the same dealership network. First generation (1985-1994) Initial advertising boasted that it was a vehicle that will "make you realize that life is too big for a minivan", referring to the Chrysler minivans. The van can have a seating configuration between two and eight passengers. Engine choices ranged from a 2.5 L four-cylinder to a 4.3 L V6, depending on options and/or model year. The 4-cylinder engine was only offered in cargo versions of the Astro; it was dropped after 1990. For 1985, the 4.3l V6 (RPO LB1) used a 4-barrel carburetor. For 1986 throttle body fuel injection (TBI) was used. For 1992 and later years, a central port injection was used. Much like the second-generation F-body 1970-1981 and X-body vehicles, the GM M-van (Astro/Safari) had a bolt-on subframe. For the M-van, the front suspension shared most components with the GM B-body station wagon (Chevrolet Caprice, Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser and larger variants of the Pontiac Safari and Buick Estate Wagon) with a leaf-spring rear suspension. The lower ball joints were larger than their B-body counterparts (similar to the 1977-96 Cadillac D platform vehicles, e.g., Fleetwood limousines). These ball joints were later used in the final Chevrolet Caprice 9C1 (police package) cars manufactured in 1995 and 1996. They also shared many mechanical similarities to the GMT 325/330 midsize S/T pickups and utility vehicles. Digital dashboards were offered in the first-generation Astro; this option did not continue after 1995. 1989 was the final year that the Borg Warner T-5 manual transmission was made available. All subsequent models were equipped with 700R4/4l60 automatic transmissions through 1993. In 1990, a new all-wheel drive (AWD) system (the first U.S.-built minivan to do so), designed and developed by FF Developments (FFD), was made optional. The AWD models had a lower fuel economy: 17 miles per gallon on the highway versus 20 to 21 miles per gallon for rear-wheel drive vans. AWD Astros used a Borg Warner 4472 transfer case. The 1990 model year also introduced a new analog dashboard and the hydroboost braking system, a system using the same accessory belt-driven pump to supply the power steering and brakes. In mid-1990 an extended body option, sharing its wheelbase with the shorter version, also became available. In 1992, a new optional door form was introduced, colloquially known as Dutch doors. This form was two bi-parting doors with a flip-up window above. Previously, Astro and Safari vans were equipped only with bi-parting doors. An optional 4.3 L (RPO L35) engine with central port injection and a balance shaft was phased in. In 1993, the electronically controlled 4L60E 4-speed automatic transmission with overdrive became standard as the sole transmission offering. As with many other 1993 model year GM vehicles, Scotchgard fabric protection also became a standard feature on Astro vans equipped with cloth seats. 1994 also saw the addition of three new exterior paint colors. These colors were Indigo Blue Metallic (#39), Light Quasar Blue Metallic (#20), and Medium Quasar Blue Metallic (#80). For the 1994 model year, GM started manufacturing most of their vehicles, including the Astro and Safari, with CFC-free air-conditioning systems, which used R134a refrigerant instead of R-12 refrigerant. Second generation (1995-2005) In 1995, the model was facelifted with an extended nose that resembled the then-new full-size Express vans; while the original rectangular sealed beam headlights were retained for use on lower trim levels, higher-spec models now used horizontally-mounted rectangular headlights that had debuted on the full-size trucks in 1988, and would eventually appear on the smaller trucks in 1998. Also for 1995, the shorter length body was dropped. In 1996, a redesigned dash received a passenger-side airbag. The vans remained mostly unchanged until the end of production in 2005. In 2003, GM upgraded the chassis of both the Astro and Safari with certain suspension components, larger brakes, and six-lug, 16 inch wheels from the full-size Chevrolet and GMC half-ton pickup trucks. Production in 1998 totaled 32,736 units. However, sales from that point were decreasing and the second-shift production was eliminated in the summer of 2000. Sales of the Astro totaled only 15,709 in 2003, down about 16% percent from 2002. By 2004, production at the Baltimore facility was not enough to keep it going. Sales of these models continued on a downward trend and the calculus necessary to upgrade the vans for the new 2005 safety standards was not positive. Safety and crash testing The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), gave the Astro a "Poor" rating in 1996 because of a display of structural failure in the institute's crash test into a fixed, offset barrier. The underbody of the test van buckled, pitching both front seats forward and shoving the crash dummy into the dashboard and steering wheel, resulting in a broken left leg, leading the institute to comment that "[t]he collapse of the occupant compartment left little survival space for the driver." In testing performed by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), however, the Astro and Safari fared better, improving from a single-star rating in 1991 to a three-star (driver) and four-star (passenger) rating by 2000. In side impacts, the Astro and Safari both received the highest, five-star rating in every year that the test was administered. In 2007, the IIHS reported that the 2001-2004 model year Chevrolet Astro recorded during calendar years 2002-2005 the fewest killed drivers of all passenger vehicles in the United States, as calculated per every million units on the road. Drivers' habits and vehicle usage might have influenced this result.

4571608

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meandrusa%20sciron

Meandrusa sciron

Meandrusa sciron, the brown gorgon, is a species of swallowtail butterfly found in parts of South Asia and Southeast Asia. It belongs to the hooked swallowtails genus, Meandrusa, of the family Papilionidae. The brown gorgon is found in India from Sikkim to Assam and north Burma and is not considered to be threatened. Though not uncommon, it is protected under Indian law under the name gyas. Description Male Upperside opaque brown, the basal area and the terminal third of both forewings and hindwings of a darker shade than the broad medial area, due to the dark markings of the underside that show through by transparency; forewings and hindwings with a subterminal series of largish yellow lunules that curve upwards posteriorly on the hindwing and end in a diffuse transverse bluish-white mark across interspace 1. Underside, forewing: basal third and a large spot on the discocellulars, that is widened anteriorly, rich dark cinnamon-brown; medial third lilacine, pale towards the dorsum, widened anteriorly and extended into the apex of the cell, and on the costa from the discocellulars to near the apex of the wing; interspaces 2, 3 and 4 with paler lilacine (lilac-coloured) lunules; terminal third of the wing dull brown, with a postdiscal and a subterminal transverse series of somewhat obscure olivaceous-yellow lunules. Hindwing: basal third rich dark cinnamon brown in continuation of that colour on the forewing; remainder of the wing lilacine, with a large posterior discal patch of cinnamon brown, margined inwardly by a diffuse broad irregular white band, and outwardly by a series of white lunules; a subterminal somewhat obscure row of olivaceous-yellow markings; the tail and terminal margin dark cinnamon brown. Antennae dark brown, head, thorax and abdomen brown with an olivaceous tinge; beneath: similar, the abdomen more brightly olivaceous yellow. Female Upperside: ground colour similar to that in the male; marking differ as follows: a very broad discal transverse lilacine white band across both forewings and hindwings that extends from vein 5 and from within the apex of cell of forewing to the dorsal margin of the hindwing. Forewing: a yellowish-white costal spot in upper third of cell, a larger spot beyond that turns to yellow at base of interspace 6, an anterior postdiscal transverse series of yellow more or less lunular spots, and a subterminal similar series of spots. Hindwing: the lilacine white colour of the discal band spreads to the base of the wing, but is thickly irrorated (sprinkled) with brownish scales, as is also the outer margin posteriorly of the same band; the rest of the wing dark brown, with the margins of the tornus and of the tail broadly bright cinnamon brown; lastly, superposed on the brown area is a sub-terminal series of large, yellow, well-defined more or less lunular spots. Underside similar to that of the male, the ground colour and markings on the outer two-thirds of both forewing and hindwing paler. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen as in the male.

22208284

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackhawk%20Formation

Blackhawk Formation

The Blackhawk Formation is a geological formation in east-central Utah, USA. It was named for the former town of Blackhawk on the east side of the Wastach Plateau, Carbon County. The formation is composed of mostly light-brown, light-gray and brownish-gray, thin- to medium-bedded, fine- to medium-grained quartzose sandstone that is interbedded with shaly siltstone, shale, carbonaceous shale, and coal. There are many thin to thick bituminous coal seams, including several economically important beds, such as the Sunnyside Coal. The formation thickness ranges from about 120 m (400 ft) to about 270 m (900 ft). It conformably overlies the Star Point Sandstone and unconformably underlies the Castlegate Sandstone. The sediments that formed the Blackhawk Formation originated from erosion of the Sevier Uplift in western Utah. This sediment was transported eastwards by rivers and deposited on the western coast of the Cretaceous Seaway. At this time, the Seaway was also withdrawing (regression) eastwards, but this was irregular, with occasional episodes of the sea advancing (transgression) to cover coastal lands. This transgression was partially as a result of fluctuating (eustatic) global sea level changes and partly as a result of the shift position of the deltas. These events created wedges of terrestrial sedimentary rock between wedges of marine sedimentary rock (Mancos Shale). These wedges of the Blackhawk Formation have been given names and many of them contain economically important bituminous coal zones, such as the Kenilworth Coal that is up to 11 m (37 feet) thick. The coast probably resembled the Gulf Coast today, being composed of a broad coastal plain, with meandering rivers that ended in wave-dominated deltas. These deltas were flanked by sandy beaches. Swamps were probably developed on the delta plains and on the floodplain (bottomlands) adjacent to the meandering rivers, rather than in brackish-water of lagoons because of the low sulfur content of the coals. Paleontology Fossil plants are extremely common in the Blackhawk Formation. Their distribution is closely tied to specific environments, just like plants are today. The plant community of the swamp environment was dominated by the evergreen conifer Sequoia cuneata and a deciduous angiosperm tree Rhamnites eminens. Other, less abundant trees include Protophyllocladus polymorpha, Moriconia cyclotoxon, Brachyphyllum squammnosum, Podozamites sp., and the angiosperms "Cissus" marginata, Platanus raynoldsii, "Cornus" praetimpressa, Dryophyllum subfalcatum, "Ficus" planicostata, and Myrtophyllum torreyii. Near the swamp margins a small palm, Phoenocites imperialis, grew in thickets. The palm Sabalites grayanus was also present, although not in abundance. The herbaceous understory was composed entirely of two ferns, Cyathea pinnata and Onoclea herbridica. The aquatic plants include a water lily, Nymphaeites dawsoni, a water chestnut, Trapa paulula, and a cattail, Cyperacites. The bottomland community was dominated by the angiosperm trees Platanus raynoldsii and Dryophyllum subfalcatum. Other angiosperm trees also present, but in lesser abundance include Phoenocites, "Cercidophyllum" arcticum, "Ficus" laurophylla, Laurophyllum coloradensis, Manihotites georgiana, Platanus alata, Menispermites sp., and "Viburnum" antiquum; conifers were absent. Ferns were the only understory plants. Overall, the plant communities looked similar to those along the Gulf Coast, although the Blackhawk communities had a larger proportion of conifers and few, if any herbaceous angiosperms in the swamp and bottomland forest understories. Based on angiosperm leaf physiognomy (leaf size, leaf margins and dripping tips), the predominance of medium-size leaves with entire (non-serrated) margins and dripping tips, indicate that the climate was warm temperate- to subtropical, but not tropical. Growth rings in conifer logs and leaf mats from seasonal shedding, also suggests the climate was seasonal. Charcoal occurs indicating that wildfires occasionally swept through the area during the dry season. Various vertebrates are known to have inhabited the Blackhawk paleoenvironments. These include rare bone fossils of fishes, turtles and crocodiles in the collections of the Prehistoric Museum in Price Utah. The most abundant vertebrate fossils are the tracks of dinosaurs, including the blunt, three-toed hadrosaurs, long, slendered toed theropods, and the short-wide, four-toed ceratopsians. Most of these tracks are found in the mine roof when the coal is removed. They formed when the foot of the living animals pressed into the peat of the swamp bottom. Later, sheets of sand were deposited across the swamp during floods filling in the footprints. Thus, the footprints seen represent the bottom of the foot. The larger tracks used to be removed because of their tendency to fall from the roof and many houses in Carbon and Emery Counties in Utah had a footprint or two in their yards. Some tracks have elongated heels, which indicate the individuals slipping on exposed wet mud (slipping does not happen in standing water). One of these elongated hadrosaur tracks was named Dinosauropodes and heralded as the footprint of the world's biggest dinosaur. wide, indicating the presence of huge hadrosaurs the size of Shantungosaurus from China. As yet, no bones of hadrosaurs this size are not known from the Blackhawk Formation. Possible pterosaur tracks have been reported from the Kenilworth Mine near Helper, Utah. Problematically, however, these tracks seem to be only those of the wing-hand and do not include any foot (pes) tracks. These asymmetrical three-digit tracks were previously thought to belong to the aquatic bird Hesperornis. A few, rare dinosaur bones have been recovered from the mines, including ceratospian and possibly hadrosaur. The hadrosaur tracks from the Blackhawk Formation provide insights into the behavior of these dinosaurs that is not available from their skeletons. These tracks provide a snapshot into the lives of these dinosaurs. First, hadrosaur tracks are by far the most abundant of the track types, which supports the observation from bone beds that hadrosaurs were numerically the most abundant dinosaurs during the Late Cretaceous of North America. We can see this in a map of tracks from the Kenilworth Mine. Although one individual milling around can leave hundreds of tracks, the abundance of different sized tracks and that some trackways indicate individuals passing through suggests that a herd of different-sized hadrosaurs had made the tracks. Some of the tracks seems to show individuals standing at the base of conifer trees, whose spreading roots indicate trees in growth position (see red tracks on map). These individuals may have been feeding, thus supporting the hypothesis by Yale paleontologist John Ostrom that hadrosaurs fed on conifers. The map also shows numerous isolated tracks due in part to the removal of some tracks by the miners or to the differential firmness of the swamp floor. Firmer mud, such as late in the dry season or during prolonged droughts, would not leave deep tracks; in support of this, mud cracks are known from the mines, as is charcoal from fires (called fusain). The hadrosaur tracks from the Blackhawk Formation also contain some of the smallest known tracks. Assuming that the smallest ones, ~3.5 cm (1.25 in) are real and not carved, these would indicate hatchling-sized individuals around 40 cm (16 in,) long. wide and made by individuals a little less than a meter long. The presence of these small tracks from coal swamp deposits are important because they indicate the presence of nearby nesting grounds, which unfortunately, have not yet been found. The full size range of tracks from the coal mines indicate individuals from 0.4 m (1.25 ft.) to 16 m (52.5 ft.) and that this species spent its entire life in the swamps. Unfortunately, because of the use of long-wall mining now, which is less wasteful than the old room-and-pillar method, the recovery of dinosaur tracks and bones from mines in the Blackhawk Formation, has all but dried-up. Paleobiota Flora Charophyta ChlorophyceaePediastrum sp.SphenopsidaEquisetum sp.PteropsidaAllantodiopsis erosa Cyathea pinnata Onoclea hebridica Osmunda hollicki Saccoloma gardneriCycadophytaNageiopsis sp. Brachyphyllum squammnosum Geinitzia reichenbachii Metasequoia sp. Moriconia cyclotoxon Protophyllocladus polymorpha Protophyllocladus sp. Widdringtonites reichiiMagnoliophytaAnnona robusta Apocynophyllum giganteum Cercidiphyllum arcticum "Cissus" marginata "Cornus" praeimpressa Cyperacites sp. Dryophyllum subfalcatum "Ficus" laurophylla "Ficus" planicostata Phoenocites imperialis Laurophyllum coloradensis Manihotites georgiana Menispermum dauricumoides Myrtophyllum torreyi Nymphaeites dawsoni Platanus alata Platanus raynoldsii Rhamnites eminens Sabalites grayanus Trapa paulula Salix proteaefolia Viburnum antiguum Invertebrate Trace Fossils Asterosoma Aulichnites Chondrites Gyrochorte Helminthoida Ophiomorpha Pelecypodichnus Teichichnus Terebellina Thalassinoides Invertebrates Anomia Brachidontes Corbula Crassostrea Ursirivus Viviparus Vertebrates osteichrhyesLepisosteus sp.

492803

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre%20%28department%29

Centre (department)

Centre (French) or Sant (Haitian Creole; both meaning "Center") is a landlocked department (; ) of Haiti, located in the center of the country along the border with the Dominican Republic. As of 2015, its estimated population was 746,236. History Taino Period The department was part of the Marien kasika and Maguana alongside San Juan de la Maguana in the DR under the leadership of Caonabo. Spanish Period Much of the Centre Departement was Spanish territorial even after the Treaty of Ryswick. Many towns were built and settled by the Spanish like Hincha, Las Caobas, San Rafael and many more. French Period The southern part of the department was French territory with towns like Mirebalais. Haitian Period Haitian Revolution The department played a big part in the Revolution serving as maroon territory extending to the Baoruco. Toussaint Louverture capture the town of Hinche from the Spanish for the French making it an early Haitian territory. Independence David Troy commander of Mirebalais is a signatory of the Haitian Declaration of Independance. In contemporary times the department played a big role in the fight against the American Marines, being a Caco a refuge for men like Charlemagne Peralte and Benoit Batraville. Geography It borders the Dominican Republic with the province of Elias Pina to the east and is the only landlocked department in Haiti. Centre is the only department without access to the sea, but is nevertheless affected by soil erosion as a result of deforestation. In 2004, the floods caused by Hurricane Jeanne resulted in hundreds of deaths, focused in Centre and Artibonite Departments. It contains the second largest lake in Haiti Lake Peligre, which was created as a result of the construction of the Peligre Dam on the Artibonite River during the 1950s. It is the largest hydroelectric dam in the Caribbean. The Centre department is a high plateau topographical region. Due to its isolation if one of the greenest departments. Historical places Hinche: Former Dominican territory. Siece to Republic of Haiti in 1929. Birthplace of Charlemagne Peralte, the leader of the Cacos movement, which opposed the American occupation in 1915. Mirebalais and Lascahobas: Place of bloody fighting of Toussaint Louverture against the English, who were resupplying in the Central Plateau (1795). Economy Tourism The department had two of Haiti's most impressive waterfalls. Sodo receives a lot of touris-lokal in August for the Mont-Carmel Vodoun Pilgrimage. Zim is very beautiful Agriculture Centre has great agricultural potential. They are known for their tobacco production, goat and turkey. Administrative divisions The Department of Centre is subdivided into four arrondissements, which are further subdivided in 13 communes. Transport The RD3 connects it to the North and the West. The RD304 connects it to Gonaives. The RD301 connects it to St-Marc.

41736469

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shumishi

Shumishi

Shumishi (), or shumi, was an official title in imperial China important in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the Liao dynasty, the Song dynasty and the Jin dynasty (1115-1234). Shumishi managed the Bureau of Military Affairs (). Originally created in 765 in the Tang dynasty for eunuchs to coordinate and supervise the emperor's paperwork, this post grew in importance since the 870s as eunuchs dominated the imperial Tang government. After the Tang dynasty fell in the beginning of the 10th century, shumishi was no longer restricted to eunuchs and indeed was the title of some of highest officeholders in many Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907-979) states. In the Song dynasty (960-1279), a shumishi was a military affairs commissioner in charge of the entire national military.

62908304

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political%20club

Political club

The political club is a feature of American urban politics usually representing a particular party in a neighborhood. They were most prominent in the later 19th and early 20th centuries, most famously in Tammany Hall of New York City, which adopted them during the golden age of fraternalism in reaction to a strong challenge from the United Labor Party in 1886. Political clubs were associated with political machines and bossism, but also often saw a split between "regular" and "reform" factions. They formerly often had a prominent local clubhouse, but have declined since politics became less neighborhood-based. In the later 20th century political clubs also organized around issues, such as affiliates of the Stonewall Democrats.

3053664

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidame

Vidame

Vidame () was a feudal title in France, a term descended from mediaeval Latin . Like the avoue or advocatus, the vidame was originally a secular official chosen by the bishop of the diocese--with the consent of the count--to perform functions on behalf of the church's earthly interest that were religiously inappropriate; this especially included violence, even in the service of justice, and to act as protector. Unlike the advocatus, however, the vice-dominus was at the outset an ecclesiastical official, who acted as the bishop's lieutenant (locum tenens) or vicar. But the causes that changed the character of the advocatus operated also in the case of the vidame. The title of Vidame de Chartres is much the best known, having been held by several people distinguished in various fields and known by the title. Although a vidame was in theory a relatively low-ranking title, in practice under the French medieval system it gained in prestige and seniority because of the unusually early dates the titles could be traced back to. History During the Carolingian epoch, advocatus and vice-dominus were interchangeable terms; and it was only in the 11th century that they became generally differentiated: the title of being commonly reserved for a noble charged with the protection of an abbey, that of vidame for one guarding an episcopal see. With the crystallization of the feudal system in the 12th century the office of vidame, like that of avoue, had become hereditary. As a title, however, it was much less common and also less dignified than that of avoue. An advocatus was often a great baron who added the function of protector of an abbey to his own temporal sovereignty; whereas a vidame was usually a petty noble, who exercised his office in strict subordination to the bishop. A vidame usually took his title from the see he represented, but not infrequently a vidame styled himself, not after his official fief, but after his private seigneury. Thus, the vidame de Picquigny was the representative of the Bishop of Amiens, the vidame de Gerberoy of the Bishop of Beauvais (since King Philip Augustus himself was a pair de France, i.e. In many sees there was no vidame, the functions being exercised by a viscount or a chatelain. With the growth of the central power and of that of the towns and cities, the vidames gradually lost their functions, and the title became merely honorary. Functions The chief functions of a vidame were to protect the temporal holdings of the see (called accordingly le vidame or la vidamie), to represent the bishop at the count's court of justice, to exercise the bishop's temporal jurisdiction in his name (placitum or curia vice-domini), and to exercise military command of feudal troops attached to the episcopal government. In return, he usually had a house near the episcopal palace, a domain within and without the city, and sometimes the right to levy certain dues on the city.

38993198

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recover%20EP

Recover EP

Recover EP is the debut EP by Scottish synth-pop band Chvrches. It was released on 25 March 2013 in the UK via Goodbye and Virgin Records and 26 March 2013 in the US via Glassnote Records. The song "Recover" was issued as the second single from their debut studio album The Bones of What You Believe and it reached number 91 in the UK Singles Chart. This was the first time that a Chvrches single received notable attention on singles charts, as the band's first single, "The Mother We Share", would not begin to chart until its re-release in Autumn of 2013. The "Recover" single was also promoted by a music video. Recover EP was released as digital download and as a limited edition 12" vinyl for Record Store Day 2013. It was also re-released as a limited edition orange 12" vinyl for Record Store Day 2014. Reception Recover EP received positive reviews. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 75 based on 10 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews.

12403954

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20Issues%20Collectors%20Club

First Issues Collectors Club

First Issues Collectors Club, or FICC, is an international society for collectors of the first postage stamps issued by any legitimate postal administration. FICC is American Philatelic Society affiliate #232 and is a non-profit educational organization. FICC was founded in 1990 by a small group of collectors, who elected David Olson of New Hampshire its first president. FICC currently serves about 100 members on five continents. While most stamp collectors can not afford such first issues as those of Mauritius (see the Mauritius "Post Office" stamps) or Hawaii (see Hawaiian Missionaries), FICC is devoted to the study of all the more than 700 stamps initially issued by legitimate postal authorities. The determination of the accurate first day of issue is of particular interest, since this may affect the listing by catalogs, such as the Scott catalog and Michel catalog, for example. The Penny Black, the world's first postage stamp, is special, but any stamp issuing entity has its own first issue. FICC promotes the study, collection and enjoyment of all of them. Society services FICC offers the following services to its members: First Issues, a quarterly journal. A web based forum for discussions of all things related to collecting first issues. Member to member opinions on the genuineness of stamps and related material. Stamp auctions See also American Philatelic Society Royal Philatelic Society London List of notable postage stamps Timeline of postal history References The Glassine Surfer, a series of articles in The American Philatelist, found FICC worthy of mention is 2003. Alphabetilately cites FICC as a source of information. Images of the World extracted a short list of first issues from the official FICC list. The site also used FICC as a source on their trivia page. Stabroek News used FICC to get their facts straight in the article British Guiana postage stamps: Part 1 - 1850 - 1875 Nick Blackburn's site Snap Dragon credits FICC as the "experts in the field" of first issues. Information from the FICC web site was used to support the article on Postage stamps and postal history of India.

25072193

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaselville%2C%20Texas

Teaselville, Texas

Teaselville, also known as Loftin, is an unincorporated community in Smith County, Texas, United States. Teaselville is located at the junction of Farm to Market Road 344 and Farm to Market Road 346, west of Bullard. History Teaselville was inhabited by 1846, and the community was formed in 1850. A post office opened in Teaselville in 1900 and closed by 1936. The population of Teaselville was 150 in 2000. Currently, the community consists of a coffee shop and a Dollar General.

10820835

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poldark%20Mine

Poldark Mine

Poldark Mine is a tourist attraction near the town of Helston in Cornwall, England, UK. It lies within the Wendron Mining District of the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape World Heritage Site. Its features include underground guided tours through ancient tin mine workings; a museum of industrial heritage, mining equipment and Cornish social history; and a scheduled ancient monument and riverside gardens. It opened in 1972 as Wendron Forge and was later known as Ha'penny Park. After an ancient tin mine was discovered on the site it was renamed after Winston Graham's Poldark novels and the BBC television series that was first broadcast in 1975. The mine was researched by A. K. Hamilton Jenkin, an authority on Cornish mining history, who attributed it to Wheal Roots which had been active in the 18th century. The original owner, Peter Young, sold Poldark Mine in 1988 following which it passed through two owners and declined in popularity. It went into administration for the second time in 2014, and in that year was bought by David Edwards who had been involved with the Ffestiniog Railway and the Llechwedd Slate Caverns in Wales. He said he hoped to keep Poldark Mine as an open-air museum and heritage centre. In September 2022, it was reported that the mine had been closed for three years due to Edwards failing to pay rent for the attractions' underground portions, which are owned by the Duchy of Cornwall. History of the tourist attraction Purchase and early history The museum and mine now known as Poldark Mine started in summer 1966 when Peter Young, a Royal Marine, purchased the local smithy, Wendron Forge, in an auction in the hamlet of Trenear, while on weekend leave. Young quickly acquired about three acres of adjoining land which were separated by a large furniture store which was formerly a dairy and originally part of the Wendron Consols mine. He spent the next few years purchasing and repairing agricultural and industrial machinery, though his intention was to run a business selling etchings that he designed and produced on site. The site was opened to the public in June 1971 as Wendron Forge after the level of the flood-prone ground was raised, facilities were constructed and about six working machines and engines were installed to interest visitors. In 1972 a 30-inch beam engine was acquired from the now abandoned village of Greensplat where it had been pumping 500 gallons of slurry a minute from a depth of 240 feet at a china clay pit near St Austell. The engine was the last to work in commercial service in Cornwall when it was stopped in 1959. The engine dates from 1850 when it was built for the Bunny tin mine. It took eight months in 1972 for a team of volunteers under the direction of engineer Peter Treloar to erect it at Poldark Mine. By spring 1973 the engine was operating on compressed air. In the 1980s the attraction became known as "Ha'penny Park". After Peter Young Peter and Jose Young retired to Spain and sold Poldark Mine to John McLeod who ran it until it was placed in receivership in 1999. In 2000 the property was purchased by a company set up by Richard Williams who was reported to have "put all of his efforts into developing this into one of the most atmospheric tourist underground mine experiences in Europe". At this time one of the attractions was Evening 'Ghost Tours'; the site was licensed for the holding of civil weddings; and it was twinned with the Llywernog Silver-Lead Mine in Wales. Following Williams' death in 2012, the attraction again declined in popularity until it went into administration in 2014. Early that year the property was put up for sale, with a guide price of PS350,000. It was purchased by David Edwards who had been involved with the Ffestiniog Railway and the Llechwedd Slate Caverns in Wales, and work to repair and restore the mine commenced immediately: it reopened in May 2014. History of tin extraction around the site The site lies in the valley of the River Cober on the Carnmenellis granite outcrop. The river valley was once extremely rich in tin ore because of the extensive erosion over geological time of a great depth of overlying sedimentary rocks which contained many ore-bearing lodes. Pebbles and grains of the heavy ore collected in the river gravels and sands, eventually leading to the rich tin-bearing grounds that were found near the surface of most of the river valleys flowing from the granite. Evidence that this abundance of ore was first recovered and processed in ancient times is shown by the Trenear Mortar Stone, near to the entrance of Poldark Mine. It is an outcrop of granite which has at least 17 hollows in its upper face in which tin ore would have been crushed by hand, using stones. Although impossible to date precisely it is believed to have been in use during the later prehistoric period (c.2000BC to 43 AD). It is the only known example of such a mortar in south-west England and was designated as a scheduled monument in 2009. The first mechanised tin stamping mill in Duchy land, and possibly in the whole of Cornwall, is recorded at Trenere Wolas (present-day Lower Trenear) in a document confirming that it was held by John Trenere, a freeman, in 1493. By 1650 the industrial buildings recorded at Trenere Wolas had expanded to a crazing-mill, two stamping-mills and a blowing house. The mine workings discovered in the 1970s were attributed by A. K. Hamilton Jenkin to an old tin mine known as Wheal Roots, which had probably been worked between about 1720 and 1780. By 1856 it had become part of the Wendron Consols mine and is shown on the surface plan of that mine as 'old men's workings' meaning that it was at that date considered a very old mine. The mine was worked using horses and water wheels to power all the machinery and to pump water from it. In the museum there are the remains of an early 'rag and chain' pump used before the days of steam to raise water from mines and which was found when the mine was rediscovered in the 1970s. The pump consisted of a series of wooden pipes made from tree trunks and through which a large endless chain was pulled. The chain had rags tied to it at intervals which when pulled up through the pipes lifted the water out of the mine. In the mine at Horse Whim Shaft the granite on the side of the shaft has been worn smooth by the rubbing of the kibble against it, this shaft is over 200 feet deep and its further depths remain unexplored. In the Museum a large cast and wrought iron kibble recovered from the main shaft can be seen, it dates from the 18th century when the mine was active in tin production. During the 19th century the site was occupied by the main dressing floors of Wendron Consols mine. This was where the tin ore was crushed and purified. When tin prices fell in the late 19th century many mines closed, although there is a record of 1893 indicating that a stream-work was still active at Trenear at that date. In the media The author of the Poldark books Winston Graham gave permission to use the title as the name of the mine. He launched some of his books at Poldark Mine, including the last Poldark book in 2002, a year before his death. Actress Angharad Rees, who had the leading role of Demelza in the 1970s BBC TV costume drama Poldark was a regular visitor to the mine and gardens up to the time of her death in 2012. There is a memorial to her at Poldark Mine which was dedicated by her son. The BBC approached Peter Young to use the mine as location for a number of scenes for their 1977 series of Poldark. This included some of the underground sequences. In the 1977 television film The Man in the Iron Mask, the title character had his mask made and fitted at Wendron Forge, most other locations being in France. Another, shorter, BBC series Penmarrick was filmed at the mine in 1979. The most recent filming on the site was in summer 2014, for the new BBC series of Poldark broadcast in 2015. The site today The mine and its museum are part of the UNESCO Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape, a World Heritage Site. , Poldark was the only complete tin mine in the UK open to the public for genuine underground tours of an 18th-century mine, and the only mine in Cornwall that pumps water to allow public access (at a rate of 30 to 40,000 gallons a day).

63831090

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southgate%20Town%20Hall

Southgate Town Hall

Southgate Town hall is a municipal building in Green Lanes, Palmers Green, London. History The building was commissioned by the local board of health as dedicated municipal offices in anticipation of Southgate becoming an urban district in 1894. The site they selected was agricultural land associated with Bowes Farm. The municipal offices, the northern section of the current complex, were designed by Arthur Rowland Barker in the Queen Anne style and completed in 1893. The design involved an asymmetrical main frontage with five bays facing onto Green Lanes; there was a porch in the middle of the building and the right hand two bays projected forwards and there were rows of sash windows on the ground floor and first floor. In 1914, the building was extended southwards by adding another five bays: this time the left hand two bays projected forward to achieve a symmetrical composition, and a clock tower was added on the roof. The principal room in the extension was the new council chamber. A stone name plaque bearing the coat of arms of the borough with the words "Southgate Town Hall" below was erected on the front elevation of the building. The building became the headquarters of the Municipal Borough of Southgate when the area was granted municipal borough status in 1933. A public library, which subsequently became known as "Palmers Green library", was erected to the north west of the main building in April 1940. The town hall served as the local Civil Defence Control Centre during the Second World War. Princess Alexandra, who had already visited the building as a child, visited it again in 1961. The building ceased to function as the local of seat of government when the enlarged London Borough of Enfield was formed in 1965. It was subsequently used as the Local History Archive until 2009 when it was deemed surplus to requirements and marketed for sale. It was acquired by the developer, Hollybrook Homes, in November 2013 and conversion of the property for residential use as "Prytaneum Court" (Prytaneion is a Greek word meaning "seat of government") was completed in September 2015. As part of the transaction the developer agreed to undertake a programme of refurbishment works at a cost of PS4.45 million at Palmers Green Library. The memorials commemorating council employees who had died in the First and the Second World Wars had been recovered from the town hall before it was converted and rededicated at Palmers Green Library in January 2019. Use by media The former town hall is used to represent Cowley police station in the drama series Endeavour.

46056901

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%20Young-nam

Jo Young-nam

Jo Young-nam (; born May 13, 1945), also known as Cho Youngnam, is a South Korean singer-songwriter, painter, writer, and television personality. He started his singing career in 1968. More recently, he was known for his art fraud case, where he used an assistant to help with his paintings, but he was found not guilty of fraud in the South Korean Supreme Court. Career Music Some of Young-nam's most popular songs include "Delilah" (1968), which was his first release, as well as "My Home Chungchong Province" and "Hwagae Marketplace." He has also recorded many well-known tracks, such as "Swallow," "Barley Field," and "Farewell to the City," to mention just a few. He has stated that the reason he feels he was not more successful was because he mainly did covers in the beginning of his career. Painting In 2016, Young-nam was charged with fraud for selling 21 paintings by two other painters to 17 people for 160 million won. He was declared not guilty by the Seoul Central District Court, but the court overturned the conviction, stating that the first court misunderstood the law. He was sentenced to 10 months in jail, but the case was appealed. Young-Nam's attorneys denied the charges by saying that most painters have assistants. In a second trial in 2018, the court ruled that using assistants in modern painting is not an area for the judgment of law and Jo Young Nam had no obligation to state that his assistants had painted the pictures, so he was found not guilty. The prosecution then took the case to the supreme court and again he was found not guilty on 2020. Personal life Jo married actress Youn Yuh-jung in 1974, but divorced in 1987. He married again a second time and divorced Paek Eun-Sil.

1745301

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal%20colonialism

Internal colonialism

Internal colonialism is the uneven effects of economic development on a regional basis, otherwise known as "uneven development" as a result of the exploitation of minority groups within a wider society which leads to political and economic inequalities between regions within a state. This is held to be similar to the relationship between a metropole and a colony, in colonialism proper. The phenomenon leads to the distinct separation of the dominant core from the periphery in an empire. Robert Blauner is regarded as the developer of the theory of internal colonialism. The term was coined to highlight the "blurred" lines between geographically close locations that are clearly different in terms of culture. Some other factors that separate the core from the periphery are language, religion, physical appearance, types and levels of technology, and sexual behavior. The cultural and integrative nature of internal colonialism is understood as a project of modernity and it has been explored by Robert Peckham in relation to the formation of a national modern Greek culture during the nineteenth century, when Greece gained its independence from the Ottoman Empire. The main difference between neocolonialism and internal colonialism is the source of the exploitation. In the former, the control comes from outside the nation-state, while in the latter it comes from within. Origin of the concept The first known use of the concept of internal colonialism was by regarding South Africa. However, the concept became popularized following the publication of an article on Mexico by . Gonzalez Casanova was both critiqued by, and influenced Andre Gunder Frank, who further theorised internal colonialism as a form of "uneven development". Sergio Salvi, a poet, essayist, and historian of minority languages, used the term "internal colonies" in the cultural sense in Le nazioni proibite: Guida a dieci colonie interne dell'Europa occidentale ("The forbidden nations: Guide to ten internal colonies of western Europe") (1973), among which he included Catalonia, Scotland, Brittany and Occitania. Other pivotal works on the subject were published during the mid-1970s by Harold Wolpe and Michael Hechter. Adolf Hitler mentions the concept of Internal colonization in his book Mein Kampf of 1925, chapter 4, as a wrong way of tackling the problems that come with the increase of population of a nation. He states that "The limitation to a definite small area of soil, inherent in internal colonization,... leads to an exceedingly unfavorable politicomilitary situation in the nation in question." Examples A common topic amongst postcolonial writers was their description of feelings, such as schizophrenia, being torn between local tradition and global modernity. Afghanistan Afghanistan is an example of internal colonialism affecting state-building, as Nazif Shahrani argues "the incessantly centralizing state policies and practices of internal colonialism, generally aided and abetted by old colonialist powers... produced a cumulatively negative impact on state-building efforts in Afghanistan." The international security scholar, Dipali Mukhopadhyay, considers the presence of warlordism in the Afghan periphery to be a concern for the development of the political economy, with the 2007 World Bank Report highlighting weak institutional links between provincial offices and relationships with the central government poorly defined. Algeria One of the exceptions of internal colonialism as the subsistence of 'blurred lines' between the core and periphery is French Algeria. There were clearly distinct features separating the core from the periphery. "The core was Christian, French-speaking, light-skinned, and comparatively prosperous". The other side was Muslim, Arabic/ Berber-speaking, and significantly poorer. The grey section of French Algeria, was the large Jewish population which did not belong in either the core or periphery, in terms of common cultural factors. Baltic states In the mid-twentieth century, the Soviet-annexed countries of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania had a colonial relationship with the rest of the Soviet Union, similar to the one that existed between the old tsarist empire and its far-flung territories. Although the countries were gradually being Sovietized after their period of initial resistance, the newly established economic, cultural, and social circumstances were colonial, as the reconstruction of the economy in the region served the interests of the colonizers, identities became shaped in relation to the increasing Soviet presence, the experience of oppression became an increasingly important part of the local culture, and local historical and cultural heritage was revalued and rewritten. When the Soviet Union dissolved and the Baltic states became independent once again, they had to deal with problems similar to other postcolonial nations: polluted landscapes, damaged economies, ethnic tensions, and determining the national narrative of the past, present and future. Canada documents the internal colonialism of Western Canadian Provinces by Central Canada, citing issues with the National Energy Program, the Crow Rate, and Equalization payments in Canada amongst others. Ireland An example of internal colonialism is Ireland. Ireland was formerly a part of the United Kingdom and "...was far more common and apparently easier, to think of oneself as British and Irish". It was increasingly more difficult to choose between the two. Philippines In the Philippines, non-Manilans have often expressed that the affairs of the country--whether political, economic but most importantly cultural including linguistic--are imposed from the Manilan core on the peripheral rest of the country due to Tagalist nationalism. This has been articulated in a Cebuano saying, which goes, "Walay dahong mahulog sa atong nasod nga dili mananghid sa Malakanyang," translated as "Not a leaf may fall in our country without Malacanang's permission." It is also ominous that certain personalities have called for the political isolation, overthrow and outright assassination of those who are opposed to the current core-periphery relationship. Sri Lanka International Dimensions of the Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka, Prof John P. Neelsen (Tuebingen University, Germany), 20th European Conference on Modern South Asian Studies, 8-11 July 2008: A shortcoming in international law as to internal colonialism and the right to self-determination renders the current types of international intervention not just inadequate to contribute to a negotiated solution of ethnic conflicts, but tends to inflame them. Power Sharing as Peace Structure: The Case of Sri Lanka, IICP Working Paper, No. 2, 2005, Johan Galtung, Professor of Peace Studies: ''External Colonialism: Democracy :: Internal Colonialism: Human Rights'' National Liberation Movements in Global Context, Dr. Jeff Sluka, Massey University, New Zealand Proceedings of the Conference on 'Tamils in New Zealand', July 1996 - Wellington, New Zealand. This situation, where a state exploits and oppresses peoples and regions within their own boundaries much the way the European colonial powers used to exploit and oppress foreign colonies, has been described as "internal colonialism". Sri Lanka is an example of this. Many Third World peoples found that after "independence" they had simply traded one set of oppressors (white) for another (brown and black). The result is that today many Third World states, most of them the direct or indirect result of national liberation wars themselves, are now fighting against national liberation movements within their borders. Fourth World Colonialism, Indigenous Minorities And Tamil Separatism In Sri Lanka, Bryan Pfaffenberger (Virginia University), Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, Vol. 16, 1984: Despite the withdrawal of colonial power from Third World countries, forms of oppression that might well be termed "colonial" still persist in many of them -- the oppression wrought by nationalist Third World governments whose regimes fail to respect the rights of indigenous minorities. For ethnic and regional minorities in many Third World countries, the arrogance and injustice of these governments matches -- and often exceeds -- those of the departed European colonial regime. The island nation Sri Lanka presents a case in point. Little public investment appears to reach the Tamil lands.... Thailand During the early 20th century, the Siamese Empire which was a mandala empire consisted of several vassal states such as principalities of the former Lan Na Kingdom to the north and the Sultanate of Patani to the south under the tightening suzerainty of the Siamese Kingdom was transformed in to a unitary modern nation-state by abolishing the vassal status of the vassal states, incorporating them into an integral part of Siam, and assimilating the cultures of the vassals via the process of Thaifcation. For internal colonization in the kingdom of Thailand, refer to articles on Monthon and on Thaification. There is a posited link between internal colonialism and ethnic rebellion in Thailand. Turkey The internal colonization of the Eastern Provinces was outlined during the Government of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Cemil Uyabdin saw the Report for Reform in the East as a guideline to the internal colonization of the Eastern Provinces through which the Kurdish population should be turkified. In a report delivered to the Republican Peoples Party (CHP) following the defeat of the Dersim Rebellion, the Resettlement Law issued in 1934 was also described as an effective vehicle for the internal colonization of the eastern provinces. China Since the beginning of the Chinese administration in Tibet, China's government has been accused of committing both genocide and cultural genocide against the Tibetan people by the TGIE, various Tibetan emigres, and their supporters. Tibet, having been a self-governed province of China, has been completely annexed by China since 1951 with the Tibetan Government in Exile (TGIE) claiming that 1.2 million Tibetans died from the actions of the Chinese administration from 1951 to 1984. Supporters of the claim that the actions of the Chinese administration in Tibet constitutes genocide and colonialism challenge the Chinese government's claim that Tibet has been considered an integral part of China for centuries, arguing that historical correspondences make it clear that Tibet was not considered a part of China until recent times. However, the nature of Chinese administration in the region has been the subject of fierce debate with many detractors, such as Hong Kong-based Tibet expert Barry Sautman, challenging the notion that Chinese practices in Tibet can be characterized as genocidal or colonial and arguing that the political and legal equality of Tibetans under the current administration undermines the notion of colonialism in the region. Vietnam Exploiting the Indochina War and the modern political theories for their advantage, the Northern Vietnam political parties including a variety of roles and types (Communism, Nationalism, Religions) propagandized and lured the public about the idea of "the new Vietnam" whose origin was completely from the North. The Northern Vietnamese who were considered as leaders by default portrayed Nationalism in such ways that the Red River Delta area's tradition and culture took dominance. The Ngo Dinh Diem administration was indeed a foundation to "Vietnamize" South Vietnam. The South people were forced to learn the history of the North and to see any historical events taking place in the North as their origin points. All those learning was to enhance the power of the Northern administration rather than for the sake of learning the past. On the other aspect, the shortage of knowledge and consciousness about their origin was the major cause of the fact that South Vietnamese were unable to make use of their tradition and culture to defend themselves against the People's Army of Vietnam when they had to share political power to the Northern immigrants from the 1955 - who won the capital Saigon over the forces that were loyal to Emperor Bao Dai. The South people were pulled into an ambiguous Anti-Communism ideology promoted by the Northern migrants who seized power right after they set their steps to the land of the South. South Vietnamese people could not state or claim the fact that the Northerners were their enemy due to the appearance of millions of Northern Kinh migrants on the South territory, which caused a huge stumbling block to psychological warfare and building the social system. The Northern politicians (who migrated to the South in 1954) in the Republic of Vietnam government cared about nothing but power, they had no intention of defending the country (Republic of Vietnam - ROV) because the ROV was not their homeland but the South people's. The Northern migrants' easily seizure of power in the Southern land resulted in the corruption of some Northern-migrated high-ranked figures in both the ROV government and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam and the loss of the ROV's independence on the international political chessboard. The invasion of South Vietnam is a prohibited topic in history teaching and on mainstream media of Vietnam. It is usually interpreted as a "reunification of the nation". After The Fall of Saigon, the Northern communists turned their back on their comrades from the South (the Viet Cong and the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam). There are prejudice and discrimination towards the South people, specifically the people in the Southwest (Mekong Delta) on the mainstream media and daily communication. Northern Vietnamese have privilege in political competition and election, they easily seize high-ranked, high-power positions in the government. Foreign affairs are heavily controlled by the Northside of the government. The South-originated religions Hoa Hao Buddhism and Caodaism are strictly controlled by the government led by the majority of Northerners. After the Fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975, Vietnam seems like it is completely united, both regionally and ideologically. However, it is never a unified Vietnam due to the theory of North-centered: Ha Noi and the North are the standards of Vietnamese tradition, language and custom. A Vietnam Communist government-funded enterprise named PV Power has invested and been building a hydro dam project in Luang Prabang. This hydro dam is predicted to cause heavy damage to the ecosystem and environment of the Mekong Delta and negatively affect the lives of more than 15 million Southern Vietnamese. See also Internally displaced person Internal migration Internal passport Suburban colonization Environmental racism in Europe Gentrification References Bibliography * Further reading Abercrombie, Nicholas, Stephan Hill & Bryan S. Turner (2000). The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology. Internal Colonization : Russia's Imperial Experience. Latin America: underdevelopment or revolution: essays on the development of underdevelopment and the immediate enemy, New York/London: Monthly Review Press. Development and Change: A Global Perspective (5th ed.). California: Sage Publications, Inc. Salhi Sghaier (2016). Internal colonialism and uneven development: regional marginalisation system in Tunisia 619 p (in Arabic) Thomas, Nicholas (1994). Colonialism's Culture: Anthropology, Travel and Government. "Central Appalachia: Internal Colony or Internal Periphery?" (web article), Sonoma State University. Access date: January 5, 2011. "The Theory of Internal Colonialism: The South African Case", in I. Oxaal et al., Beyond the Sociology of Development. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

3217738

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarlford

Guarlford

Guarlford is a village and civil parish in the Malvern Hills district in the county of Worcestershire, England. The parish population was 261 in 2021. It is situated between the settlements of Barnards Green and Rhydd approximately three kilometres (two miles) east of Great Malvern, the town centre of Malvern. The village is compact, and has a parish church, St Mary's; the Church of England parish includes Madresfield village. Guarlford is in the administrative area of Malvern Hills District Council and is part of the informal region known as The Malverns. History Settlements in Guarlford have existed for around 4,000 years. and have been known as Garford (Lay Subsidy Rolls 1275), Gerleford (Lay Subsidy Rolls 1333), Garleford (Valor Ecclesiasticus 1535), Galvert (Map of Worcestershire 1820), and Galfords (Ordnance Survey 1830). Guarlford is one of the earliest inhabited places in the Malvern area and shows evidence of Neolithic activity with crop marks dating from a period that extends from 2350 BC to 409 AD. The Hwicce, an Anglo-Saxon tribe cleared land which may be the site of the existing Guarlford Court. The first parish council was established in December 1894 according to a new Local Government act, and covered much of eastern Malvern including parts of Great Malvern, Pickersleigh, Poolbrook, Barnards Green, Hall Green, and Sherrards Green. In 1934 following a review, the boundaries were changed, and those areas came under the control of the Malvern council. During World War II a radio listening post was set up in Rectory Lane by the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) to monitor enemy communications, which was instrumental in locating the German V-2 rocket base in Peenemunde that was subsequently bombed by the RAF in Operation Crossbow.

55743276

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JEI%20Corporation

JEI Corporation

JEI Corporation (JEI: Jaeneung Educational Institute) is a Korean educational company founded in 1977. Currently, the headquarters is located at 293 Changgyeonggungro, Jongno-gu, Seoul. The company is known for its supplementary education programs for children and adults. JEI offers supplementary learning programs for home education, operating self-learning centers for children (JEI Learning Center) and establishes a general education network in various fields including publishing, broadcasting, IT, printing, distribution, culture and arts. In particular, the company has been supporting Si-nangsong(poetry recitation) for 27 years since 1991. The founder, Sung-hoon Park, was honored as an honorary poet at the Society of Korean Poets for his contribution to promote the 'Si-nangsong' in Korea. Also, the JCC Art Center located in Hyehwa-dong, recognized as the only work of renowned Japanese architect Tadao Ando in downtown Seoul, is owned and operated by JEI. Outside of S. Korea, JEI's learning program is offered in U.S., Canada, China, Japan, Australia and New Zealand exporting its 'JEI' brand globally. Learning Programs In Korea, JEI offers Self-Learning programs for students from age 3 to adults as following. JEI SSRO Math, JEI SSRO Speed Math, Thinking Pizzaa, JEI SSRO Hangeul, JEI SSRO Korea, JEI SSRO Little English, JEI SSRO English, JEI SSRO Little Hanja, JEI SSRO Chinese, JEI SSRO Japanese, JEI SSRO Social Studies, JEI SSRO Science, Thinking Cookie Book In countries outside of Korea, JEI offers total of 9 Self-Learning programs adapted for overseas local environment. These are available in English, Chinese and Korean. In English: JEI Math, JEI Problem Solving Math, JEI English, Critical & Creative Thinking, JEI Reading & Writing In Chinese: JEI Cai Neng Shu Xue , JEI Cai Neng LittleYing Yu , JEI Cai Neng Ying Yu , Si Kao De Bi Sa Cultural activities JEI Poetry Recitation Contest (1991~): It is jointly hosted with the Society of Korean Poets and awarded the certificate of 'Si-nangsong-ga' to the winner of the competition. Jaenenung Poetry Recitation Association (1994~) : It is an organization that promotes the poetry recitation centering on 'Si-nangsong-ga'.

40116327

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeti%3A%20A%20Love%20Story

Yeti: A Love Story

Yeti: A Love Story is a 2006 comedy horror film directed by Adam Deyoe and Eric Gosselin, and released by Troma Entertainment. The sequel, Yeti: A Love Story 2: Life on the Streets was announced via Kickstarter on February 11, 2014. Plot The fictional town of Quatssack, New Hampshire seems like an ordinary town but it harbors a dark secret: it is the home of the Children of the Yeti, an evil cult that worships a yeti that lives in the woods. The yeti was captured in the Himalayas and brought to the town as an old man's sideshow, but had escaped, and is reportedly, in 1985, the last of its kind. Each night, Debra, one of the cult's members, lures young men to the cult with the intention of offering them up to the yeti as a means of keeping it sexually sated. Raymond is the cult's leader and assists her. Five college students--fraternity brothers Adam and Dick, their girlfriends Sally and Emily, and a fifth member named Joe--are coming to Quatssack on a camping trip, unaware of the town's secrets. On their first night, Joe is killed in the woods, and since he was the one who had the car keys, the remaining four cannot leave town. An old man, who owns a hideous-looking creature called "Tentacle Boy" and displays it as a sideshow, informs them of the yeti that he used to own now living somewhere in the woods. Emily goes into a nearby church to pray for Joe's safety, and while she is in there, she is discovered by a priest as a "Chosen One" that was prophesied to take down the Children of the Yeti. She accepts her destiny, and the priest gives her supplies for her mission. Meanwhile, Adam, Dick, and Sally, who are waiting for Emily outside, are ambushed by a redneck demanding the whereabouts of the Chosen One. Emily emerges from the church and shoots the redneck with a crossbow, and despite his near-fatal wound, demands that the redneck take them to the cult's location. Only Adam and Emily follow the redneck; Sally is sent back to their campsite, while Dick had left earlier, having met Debra. At sunset, the redneck brings Adam and Emily to the place where the cult reside. They spot Dick, but not as a sacrifice for the yeti; he's standing off to the side with Debra, watching on as another young man is offered up to the yeti instead. The yeti appears and brutally rapes the young man, and once he's finished, he makes off with Adam. Emily cannot kill the yeti because of this. Raymond, who had watched the yeti take Adam, is concerned about the yeti's recent actions, but assures himself that he will return tomorrow night. Dick, still disturbed by the ritual, is assured by Debra that he's not going to be a sacrifice, and that despite what he'd witnessed, the yeti is very gentle and will not hurt Adam. Adam, meanwhile, is taken deep into the woods by the yeti. Adam becomes attracted to the yeti and the two proceed to have sexual intercourse. Not only do the yeti and Adam become lovers, but Sally and Emily, who have had their boyfriends run off, become a couple, while Dick and Debra become smitten with each other as well. In spite of the new romances, the cult is still causing trouble. The priest that sent Emily on her mission reveals to her that Raymond was once a disciple of his. While traveling through Nepal, the two had come across a monk who taught them about the legend of the yeti, who could be summoned by a magic gong, which had been on display in a museum in Hong Kong. A special scroll called "The Book of the Yeti" was entrusted into the care of Raymond and the priest, but Raymond had become obsessed with the legend. He and the priest then stole the gong and found the yeti in a sideshow (the old man's sideshow). Raymond used the gong to free the yeti and, with the gong, the scroll, and control over the yeti, went on to found the cult. The priest then reveals to Emily a special part of the prophecy that states that the yeti can be freed from the gong only through the power of love given by a "Sodomite," who turns out to be Adam. Upon leaving the priest, Sally and Emily go to the police, which proves to be of little help. A frustrated Emily storms off to the bathroom; Sally goes to comfort her. As the two agree to take down the cult by themselves, Sex Piss, a sex-obsessed man who tried to flirt with the girls and then physically assaulted Adam, Joe, and Dick when they first came to town, corners them with the intention to finger them. A fight breaks out that results in Sally's death, though Sex Piss doesn't die despite multiple wounds. Emily has to flee and find Adam and the yeti. Back at the church, the priest is confronted and killed by Raymond. Back with the cult, Raymond confides with Debra that the gong isn't working on the yeti at all and he is worried that he is losing control over the beast. He also notes that Debra has been acting different since she's found Dick. Raymond orders Debra to find and place the yeti under their control once again, or face death. She manages to find Adam and the yeti, but they are in a moment of intimacy when she finds them. She goes back to Raymond and lies to him, claiming that the yeti is still under his control. Debra then betrays Dick to the cult and he becomes the evening's intended sacrifice for the yeti. The gong is rung, the yeti appears, but instead of raping Dick, the yeti releases him. Adam and Emily show up, as do the old man and Tentacle Boy, who are in disguise as cult members and are here to reclaim the yeti. In the fight that ensues, several are killed, among them Raymond, Debra (killed by Dick), Tentacle Boy, and the yeti. Adam mourns the loss of his lover. Emily and Dick mourn their respective lovers as well. It seems that with Adam's yeti dead, the whole yeti species are extinct for good but Adam drops a hint that he is now pregnant with the yeti's child. Cast Adam Malamut as Adam, a gay fraternity boy who falls in love with the Yeti. Dave Paige as Dick, Adam's fraternity brother, whom Adam accuses of being gay. Lauren Glascott as Emily, destined to take down the Children of the Yeti. Loren Mash as Sally, Adam's former girlfriend. Joe Mande as Joe, treated horribly by Adam and later killed in the forest by a hunter. Curt Croner as the Yeti, Adam's lover. He was captured by an old man in the Himalayas and put on display, but he escaped and becomes worshiped by the Children of the Yeti. Croner also appeared as a police officer. Mark Wahlberg as a priest who recognizes Emily as the "Chosen One" destined to take down the evil cult. Raymond was once a follower of his. Eric Gosselin as Sex Piss, a Casanova who has difficult luck with Sally and Emily. Sex Piss later appears in Psycho Sleepover, as an inmate. Gosselin also appeared as a Cult member. Leo Boivin as Raymond, the leader of the Children of the Yeti. Adam Deyoe as an Old Man, the Yeti's previous owner. Adam Balevet as Tentacle Boy, a sideshow owned by the Old Man. Debbie Winger as Debra, a member of the Children of the Yeti. Her goal is to lure as many young men to the cult, where they are captured and offered to the Yeti as sacrifices. Dick falls in love with her. Production The film was shot on a budget of $200, over a five-day period. Scenes were shot in Massachusetts instead of New Hampshire, which is where the film is set. The character of "Tentacle Boy" had been based on a disturbing dream co-director Eric Gosselin had. Reception A retrospective review finds the film "unfunny". Sequel A sequel was announced in February 2014, called Yeti A Love Story 2: Life on the Streets. According to writer Jim Martin, the movie is set years after the first movie, in a gay underground nightclub in Los Angeles. Adam works there to help support his human/yeti child and his boyfriend, when he meets and falls in love with a yeti prostitute. The characters "Dick" and Sex Piss" are due to appear. The movie, called Another Yeti A Love Story : Life on the Streets, came out in 2017.

43966038

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbi%20Weldon

Robbi Weldon

Robbi Weldon (born 6 September 1975) is a Canadian visually impaired Paralympic Nordic skier and Para-cyclist who has competed in the 2010 Winter Paralympics, 2014 Winter Paralympics and in the 2012 Summer Paralympics. She has also participated in the 2011 Guadalajara Parapan Ams. She won five medals, all of which are all gold. Weldon started skiing at the age of three and in 2010, she started Para-Cycling. Her guide for Para-Cycling is Lyne Bessette and her guide for Para-Skiing is Phil Wood. Personal life Weldon was born on 6 September 1975 in Thunder Bay and now lives in Ottawa. She started downhill skiing at the age of three. She was diagnosed with Stargardt disease in 1990 at the age of 15 , affecting her central vision. Weldon took up the sport of Para-Nordic skiing in 2002, and in 2010 she took up the sport of Para-cycling after attending a Western Canada Development Camp. She is a mother of two children which Weldon took with her when competing in the 2012 London Paralympics. She hopes that the trip would inspire them. "My children have benefited greatly from my lifestyle of physical activity and being healthy... meeting para-athletes that are competing at an elite level and are so inspirational." Career Weldon did not win any medals in skiing at the 2010 Winter Paralympics but was "thrilled" by the experience. At the 2011 Parapan American Games, Weldon participated in para-cycling and won four gold medals with guide Lyne Bessette. They won gold at the Mixed Time Trial, Women's Road Race, Women's individual track pursuit, and the Women's 1 Kilometre Time. She said that "it's very helpful having Lyne. She is such an experienced cyclist and she has taught me a lot." The pair had also been selected to be the flag bearers at the closing ceremony. Weldon and guide Bessette won one gold medal in the 2012 London Paralympics, in the Cycling at the 80-kilometre road race. They finished with a time of 2:08:26, 33 seconds ahead of Josefa Guzman Benitez and guide Maria Noriega. After the competition, Weldon said "I am very happy. Lyne and I are thrilled about this golden performance... We had respect for everyone." Weldon competed at the 2014 Winter Paralympics with Phil Wood as guide. It was the pair's first championship together but they did not win any medals. Wood said that "Skiing as a team when done well can add 10 to 15 per cent improvement in a single performance."

1965854

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moritz%20Schiff

Moritz Schiff

Moritz Schiff (28 January 1823, Frankfurt - 6 October 1896, Geneva) was a German physiologist and the elder brother of the chemist Hugo Schiff (1834-1915), particularly known for his staining technique. He made major contributions to human physiology, including studies of the circulatory system and the action of the vagus nerve. Unfortunately despite his independent and original spirit and being a much-cited author, he never reached the popularity of his contemporaries Emil du Bois-Reymond, Hermann von Helmholtz and Charles-Edouard Brown-Sequard. Biography Born into a family of Jewish merchants, Mortiz Schiff can be considered as the archetype of the great nineteenth-century scientist, one of the pioneers of the experimental method in physiology as well as a polyglot, who published his articles in German, French or Italian indifferently. He began his studies in his hometown, at the Senckenberg Institute, from which he then moved to Heidelberg, then to Berlin and finally to Gottingen where he obtained a doctorate in medicine in 1844. In Heidelberg, he had Adolf Kussmaul as one of his masters and was deeply influenced by Friedrich Tiedemann's anatomy lessons, which instilled in him a passion for biology, zoology and organic life. Schiff then studied zoology with Lichtenberg and morphology with Johannes Muller in Berlin and then with Rudolf Wagner in Gottingen. He also stayed in Paris where he followed the teachings of Francois Magendie, later professor at the College de France, Francois Achille Longet and Pierre Flourens. In this period he had the chance to see real life applications of zoology at the Musee du Jardin des Plantes. Back in Frankfurt, he became director of the ornithological section of the Senckenberg Museum and devoted himself to research in a small personal laboratory and in 1848 served in the revolutionary troops of Baden as a surgeon and for this reason will often be criticized for positions "too dangerous for young people". The son of his teacher Friedrich Tiedemann was killed during this revolt. In the following years Schiff helped Charles-Lucien Bonaparte with the systematics of South American birds in his "Conspectus generum avium" and in his honor the genus sciffornis was created. He then converted to Protestantism to marry Elisabeth Schleuning of Darmstadt in 1860, after his first marriage to Claudia Gitta Trier in 1853. After moving to Bern for political reason, he was an assistant professor of anatomy and comparative physiology from 1854 to 1862, under the direction of Gabriel Valentin and from 1862 to 1876 professor of physiology and zoology at the Institute of Higher Studies in Florence at the invitation of Carlo Matteucci. He was then violently criticized and even sued by leagues who opposed vivisection. At the end, however, he was one of the first to use anesthesia (chloroform and ether) in animal experiments. This controversy, as well as his lack of means, forced him to leave Florence. Thanks to the initiative of Carl Vogt, soon to be Rector of the University of Geneva, he accepted the chair of physiology after the refusal of Charles-Edouard Brown-Sequard and started teaching there. In Geneva he continued his research and teaching activities for nearly twenty years, from 1876 until his death at the age of seventy three. The chair of the physiology department of the Geneva medical faculty was then occupied by the neurologist Jean-Louis Prevost. Mortiz Schiff is identified, like his correspondents Jakob Moleschott and Carl Vogt, as one of the proponents of materialism and with the help of these latter two and Alexandre A. Herzen tried to found a positivist magazine, focused on anticlerical propaganda. He will also defend the theses of evolution that were put forward by Charles Darwin with whom he corresponded as well. Without ever founding a school, he had as pupils, disciples or assistants: Alexandre A. Herzenson), Waldemar Haffkine, Nathan Loewenthal, Hillel Joffe and Angelo Mosso. He was appointed foreign partner of the Accademia dei Lincei in 1892. Works Schiff was a tireless researcher and according to various testimonies, he multiplied and repeated his experiments, even after some years to verify their results. At the end, he was the author of nearly two hundred scientific publications which were collected in four volumes between 1894 and 1898 (the last volume posthumous) and covered many areas of human and animal physiology: Regarding the nervous system physiology, he studied the functions of the vagus nerve, spinal cord, and cerebellum, as well as the innervation of the heart. He then described what will later be called the Sherrington cross reflex or the Schiff-Sherrington phenomenon, and moreover, contributed to the description of the sensory pathways of the spinal cord by simultaneously performing hemisections, as his colleague Charles-Edouard Brown-Sequard was doing in those years. In digestive physiology, he researched the role of pepsin and showed that nutrients are broken down by digestive juices; these studies allowed him to describe the enterohepatic cycle of bile to which he gave his name (Schiff's biliary cycle). In circulatory and cardiac physiology, he studied the control of the cardiac and vascular activity by the autonomic nervous system and was the first, in 1850, to demonstrate the existence of a refractory period to the excitability of the heart muscle, and, above all, to give an observation of open-chest heart massage in animals, paving the way for the first cardiac resuscitation manoeuvres in medicine. Finally, he was interested in the effects of various anesthetics (chloroform, ether ...) and toxic substances (strychnine, curare, cocaine, Calabar bean) like his colleague Claude Bernard. During his stay in Bern, he nurtured the project to publish a complete treatise on physiology, of which only the first volume was finally published between 1858 and 1859 dedicated to the physiology of muscles and nerves. In this volume, he clearly showed that the removing of the thyroid gland from dogs was fatal, and later showed that the injection of animal extract or thyroid transplantation can prevent death. Subsequently, he successfully used thyroid extract to treat humans. Some writings Untersuchungen zur Physiologie des Nervensystems mit Berucksichtigung der Pathologie Stahel'sche, Frankfurt-am-Main, 1855 Ueber die Rolle des pankratischen Saftes und der Galle bei Auf nahme der Fette, Verlag von Meidinger Sohn & Comp. Frankfurt-am-Main, 1857 Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen - Teil I. Muskel- und Nervenphysiologie, Lahr, Schauenburg & C. 1858-1859 Zuckerbildund in der Leber und den Einfluss des Nervensystems auf die Diabetes, Stahel'sche, Wurzburg, 1859 Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Heilkunde, J. Dalp'schen, Bern, 1862 Lezioni di fisiologia sperimentale sul sistema nervoso encefalico, Hermann loescher, Florence, 1865 Lecons sur la physiologie de la digestion faites au Museum d'histoire Naturelle de Florence Herman Loescher, Florence & Turin, 1867 Contribution a la physiologie: De l'inflammation et de la circulation, J.-B. Bailliere et fils, Paris,1873 La pupille consideree comme esthesiometre, Paris, Bailliere, 1875 Recueil des memoires physiologiques. Lausanne, B. Benda, libraire- editeur 1894- 1898, published in four volumes (1,2,3,4) Bibliography Anonymous: Moritz Schiff (1823-1896). March 25, 1968 Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press J. J. Dreifuss: Moritz Schiff et la vivisection. J.J. Dreifuss: Moritz Schiff et la transplantation thyroidienne un aspect de debut de l'endocrinology experimatale. J.J. Dreifuss: L'arrivee de la physiologie experimentale a Geneve (1876). Band 54, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1908 pag. M. Feinsod: Moritz Schiff (1823-1896): A Physiologist in Exile. 2011;2 Integral text H. Friedenwald: Notes on Moritz Schiff (1823-1896). Chapter XXXVI: The Jews and medicine.1944. P. Guarnieri: Moritz Schiff (1823-1896). Experimental Physiology and Noble Sentiment in Florence. : The founders of neurology, One hundred and forty-six biographical sketches by eighty-eight authors. Jozefa Joteyko: La dualite fonctionnelle du muscle par Melle, Revue internationale d'electrotherapie,1904. A. Loucif: Moritz Schiff, la vie et les carnets de laboratoire d'un physiologiste du XIXe siecle. These de Medecine, No 206. P. Riedo: Der Physiologe Moritz Schiff (1823-1896) und die Innervation des Herzens., Universite de Zurich,1971. Nicolaas Adrianus Rupke: Vivisection in Historical Perspective, London and New York: Routledge, 1987 pag 105-24. Rothschuh: History of Physiology, Huntington NY, Krieger, 1973. Jean Starobinski: Le Concept de cenesthesie et les Idees neuropsychologiques de Moritz Schiff" Gesnerus, vol. 34, 1977, p.2-20 Jean Starobinski: Breve histoire de la conscience du corps, in Revue francaise de psychanalyse. Georges Surbled: L'influx nerveux et l'electricite, Revue internationale d'electrotherapie.1891. F. Vallejo-Manzur, J. Varon, R. Fromm Jr, P. Baskett: Moritz Schiff and the history of open-chest cardiac massage, resuscitation.

41303653

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sank%2C%20Missouri

Sank, Missouri

Sank is an unincorporated community in the south-central part of Liberty Township in Bollinger County, Missouri, United States. The community is accessed via a county road, one mile north of Missouri Route 51. The confluence of Clubb and Hawker creeks lies just to the southwest of the location and the Sank State Wildlife Area is located along the south side of Route 51 and Hawker Creek. Zalma lies four miles to the southwest and Dongola is three miles east. Marble Hill is about nine miles to the north-northeast along Route 51. History Sank's name was bestowed by Jasper Cooper, who owned a store there and had applied for a post office in 1915. In choosing the post office's and community's name, he decided on the name Sank because it was the nickname of a friend and prominent man in the community, "Sank" Fowler. The post office was in operation between 1912-1920, and 1925-1954.

67711625

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schweinfurthia%20%28plant%29

Schweinfurthia (plant)

Schweinfurthia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Plantaginaceae. It is also in Tribe Antirrhineae. Its native range is north-eastern and eastern Tropical Africa (within Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Socotra, Somalia, Sudan and Tanzania), the island of Comoros (in the western Indian Ocean), Arabian Peninsula (within Oman, Saudi Arabia and Yemen), Afghanistan, Iran to Pakistan and India. The genus name of Schweinfurthia is in honour of Georg August Schweinfurth (1836-1925), a Baltic German botanist and ethnologist who explored East Central Africa. It was first described and published in Sitzungsber. Freunde Berlin Vol.20 on page 24 in 1866.

3264479

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadio%20Armando%20Picchi

Stadio Armando Picchi

The Stadio Armando Picchi is a multi-purpose stadium in Livorno, Italy. A.S. Livorno Calcio originally used the Villa Chayes Stadium, part of the nearby the Naval Academy, for matches but when the city team was promoted to the Serie A in 1928-29 Divisione Nazionale a new and larger facility was required. History The new stadium was built in 1933 on project by Raffaello Brizzi, with a capacity of 19,234, at Ardenza Mare district and was named after Edda Ciano Mussolini until 1945. It was built in reinforced concrete, has an area of 30,000 square metre and two rectilinear 90m stands The first match, Livorno vs. ACF Fiorentina, was played on October 8, 1933 when the stadium was incomplete. Its inaugural match, on March 24, 1935, was Italia B vs. Austria B. In the post war period it was used by the Americans from the nearby Camp Darby logistic base who renamed it "Yankee Stadium" for the occasion. The stadium was then designated Stadio Comunale di Livorno and for the 1960 Summer Olympics underwent a summary renovation. It hosted some of the football preliminaries in 1960, but was overlooked for Italia 90. In 1971, the stadium was renamed after the Livorno born footballer Armando Picchi who started playing at his home club before ending his career with Inter. In the 1980s it underwent a reconstruction with the demolition of the distinctive Torre Maratona. In 2005 the stadium was renovated in order to improve the safety and the capacity of the structure to mark the return of Livorno to Serie A. In 2021, the grandstand of the stadium was named after Mauro Lessi, the player who holds the record of longevity with the A.S. Livorno Calcio. In 2022, the grass field was replaced with synthetic grass. Gallery See also A.S. Livorno Calcio References 1960 Summer Olympics official report.

15234520

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances%20P.%20Ruane

Frances P. Ruane

Frances P. Ruane, , is an Irish academic economist and former director of the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) in Dublin, Ireland 2006-2015. She is recognised for her research on FDI and its effect on host economies. She has also been a regular appointee to State and public policy boards and committees, including most recently acting as Chair of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland (2016-2019) and the National Competitiveness Council (since 2019). Early life She is a native of Tuam, County Galway. She entered University College Dublin in 1968 and graduated in 1971 with a B.A. in Economics, Politics & Statistics, and in 1973 with an M.A. Career Early career Between 1971 and 1974, she worked as a Planning Officer at the Industrial Development Authority, which spawned her interest in FDI, and subsequently as a Research Economist at the Central Bank of Ireland. Between 1974 and 1979, she undertook a MPhil and then a DPhil in Economics, at Nuffield College in Oxford. It was in Oxford that she got her first lecturing experience, teaching at Balliol College between 1975 and 1977. Career in higher education In 1977, after her MPhil, and while still studying for her DPhil, she took up a teaching post at Trinity College, Dublin, becoming a Fellow in 1985 and promoted to Associate Professor in 1991. She was Bursar of Trinity College between 1991 and 1995 and Head of the Economics Department 1997-2000, the first female to have the role since the foundation of the Department. She was Editor of the Economic and Social Review between 1981 and 1984 and was Research Director of the Foundation for Fiscal Studies between 1989 and 1996. Between 1998 and 2004, she served as Vice-President (1998-2000), President (2000-2002) and Vice-President (2002-2004) of the Irish Economics Association. In 2001, she ran unsuccessfully, as a candidate for Provost of Trinity College, an event later described by Prof Jane Ohlmeyer as important for encouraging women to take on leadership roles in the Irish public service, creating "a crack in the glass ceiling". In 2003, she was made a member of the Royal Irish Academy. In 2002, together with other economists, she warned against "Benchmarking" pay increases proposed for Ireland's public sector. This prediction of significant economic costs was largely borne out following the end of Ireland's Celtic Tiger bubble, as the government was faced with a very large current spending deficit, following its permanent spending commitments on the back of temporary taxation revenues. Her interest in public policy led to the publication of "Governance and Policy Making in Ireland", co-edited with Donal de Buitleir, in 2003 and "Using Evidence to Inform Policy", co-edited with Pete Lunn, in 2013. Her principal academic research interests relate to FDI. Through her research, Ruane has contributed to the understanding of international economics, industrial development, structural change, and firm heterogeneity. For her academic research and public service, she was recognised with an Honorary Fellowship by Trinity College Dublin in 2010 and was invited to give the 21st Leonard Abrahamson Memorial Lecture by the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland in 2011. She served as a member of the Council of the Royal Irish Academy between 2012 and 2015. ESRI & later career She succeeded Brendan Whelan as director of the ESRI on 1 December 2006 and retired in 2015. During her tenure as ESRI Director and since, Ruane has appeared regularly in the media. Public body and voluntary roles She has served on many committees and boards, including the Higher Education Authority, the Health Research Board, the Council of Economic Advisers (Scotland), the National Statistics Board, the European Advisory Committee on Statistical Information in the Economic and Social Spheres, the National Board for Science and Technology, and the boards of the Industrial Development Authority, Forfas, and Bord Gais. From 2016 to 2019, she served as Chair of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland, one of Ireland's oldest learned societies; she was only the second female Chair in the Society's 170-year existence, after Thekla Beere. In 2017, she was named chair of the board at the Abbey Theatre. Since 2019, she has been Chair of Ireland's National Competitiveness Council.

122360

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus%2C%20Mississippi

Columbus, Mississippi

Columbus is a city in and the county seat of Lowndes County, on the eastern border of Mississippi, United States, located primarily east, but also north and northeast of the Tombigbee River, which is also part of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway. It is approximately northeast of Jackson, north of Meridian, south of Tupelo, northwest of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and west of Birmingham, Alabama. The population was 25,944 at the 2000 census and 23,640 in 2010. The population in 2019 was estimated to be 23,573. Columbus is the principal city of the Columbus Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the larger Columbus-West Point Combined Statistical Area. Columbus is also part of the area of Mississippi called The Golden Triangle, consisting of Columbus, West Point and Starkville, in the counties of Lowndes, Clay and Oktibbeha. History The first record of the site of Columbus in Western history is found in the annals of the explorer Hernando de Soto, who is reputed to have crossed the nearby Tombigbee River on his search for El Dorado. However, the site does not enter the main continuity of United States history until December 1810, when John Pitchlynn, the U.S. Indian agent and interpreter for the Choctaw Nation, moved to Plymouth Bluff, where he built a home, established a farm, and transacted Choctaw Agency business. After the Battle of New Orleans, Andrew Jackson recognized the urgent need for roads to connect New Orleans to the rest of the country. In 1817 Jackson ordered a road be built to provide a direct route from Nashville to New Orleans. His surveyor, Captain Hugh Young, chose a place on the Tombigbee River where high ground approached the river on both sides as the location for a ferry to be used for crossing the river when high water prevented fording the river. A military bridge was constructed where the present-day Tombigbee Bridge was later developed in Columbus, Mississippi. Jackson's Military Road opened the way for development in the area. Founding Columbus was founded in 1819, and, as it was believed to be in Alabama, it was first officially recognized by an Alabama Legislative act as the Town of Columbus on December 6, 1819. Before its incorporation, the town site was referred to informally as Possum Town, a name which was given by the local Native Americans, who were primarily Choctaw and Chickasaw. The name Possum Town remains the town's nickname among locals. The town was settled where Jackson's Military Road crossed the Tombigbee River 4 miles south of John Pitchlynn's residence at Plymouth Bluff. In 1820 the post office that had been at Pitchlynn's relocated in Columbus. Pitchlynn's which had been settled in 1810 became the town of Plymouth in 1836 and is now the location of an environmental center for Mississippi University for Women. Silas McBee suggested the name Columbus; in return, a small local creek was named after him. The city's founders soon established a school known as Franklin Academy. It continues to operate and is known as Mississippi's first public school. The territorial boundary of Mississippi and Alabama had to be corrected as, a year earlier, Franklin Academy was indicated as being in Alabama. In fact, during its early post-Mississippi-founding history, the city of Columbus was still referred to as Columbus, Alabama. Civil War and aftermath During the American Civil War, Columbus was a hospital town. Its arsenal manufactured gunpowder, handguns and a few cannons. Because of this, the Union ordered the invasion of Columbus, but was stopped by Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest. This is substantiated in the book The Battle of West Point: Confederate Triumph at Ellis Bridge by John McBride. Many of the casualties from the Battle of Shiloh were brought to Columbus. Thousands were eventually buried in the town's Friendship Cemetery. One of the hospitals was located at Annunciation Catholic Church, built in 1863 and still operating in the 21st century. The decision of a group of ladies to decorate the Union and Confederate graves with flowers together on April 25, 1866, is an early example of what became known as Memorial Day. A poet, Francis Miles Finch, read about it in the New York newspapers and commemorated the occasion with the poem "The Blue and the Grey". Bellware and Gardiner noted this observance of the holiday in The Genesis of the Memorial Day Holiday in America (2014). They recognized the events in Columbus as the earliest manifestation of an annual spring holiday to decorate the grave of Southern soldiers. While the call was to celebrate on April 26, several newspapers reported that the day was the 25th, in error. As a result of Forrest preventing the Union Army from reaching Columbus, its antebellum homes were spared from being burned or destroyed, making its collection second only to Natchez as the most extensive in Mississippi. These antebellum homes may be toured during the annual Pilgrimage, in which the Columbus residences open their homes to tourists from around the country. When Union troops approached Jackson, the state capital was briefly moved to Columbus before moving to a more permanent home in Macon. During the war, Columbus attorney Jacob H. Sharp served as a brigadier general in the Confederate Army. After the war, he owned the Columbus Independent newspaper. He was elected to two terms in the State House, serving four years representing the district in the Mississippi House of Representatives. WPA mural The mural Out of the Soil was completed in 1939 for the Columbus post office by WPA Section of Painting and Sculpture artist Bealah Betterworth. Murals were produced from 1934 to 1943 in the United States through "the Section" of the U.S. Treasury Department. 20th century Columbus has hosted Columbus Air Force Base (CAFB) since World War II. CAFB was founded as a flight training school. After a stint in the 1950s and 1960s as a Strategic Air Command (SAC) base (earning Columbus a spot in Soviet Union target lists), CAFB returned to its original role. Today, it is one of only four basic Air Force flight training bases in the United States, and prized as the only one where regular flight conditions may be experienced. Despite this, CAFB has repeatedly hung in the balance during Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) hearings. Columbus boasted a number of industries during the mid-20th century, including the world's largest toilet seat manufacturer, Sanderson Plumbing Products, and major mattress, furniture and textile plants. Most of these had closed by 2000. A series of new plants at the Golden Triangle Regional Airport, including the Severstal mill, the American Eurocopter factory, the Paccar engine plant and the Aurora Flight Sciences facility, are revitalizing the local economy. Recent history On June 12, 1990, a fireworks factory in Columbus exploded, detonating a blast felt as far as 30 miles away from Columbus. Two workers were killed in the blast. On February 16, 2001, straightline winds measured at 74 miles per hour destroyed many homes and trees but resulted in no fatalities. The city was declared a federal disaster area the next day by President George W. Bush. On November 10, 2002, a tornado hit Columbus and caused more damage to the city, including the Mississippi University for Women. In 2010, Columbus won a Great American Main Street Award from the National Trust for Historic Preservation. In February 2019, Columbus took a direct hit from an EF-3 tornado that caused devastating damage to homes and businesses and killed one woman after a structure fell on her. Geography The city is located approximately west of the Mississippi-Alabama state line along U.S. Route 82, U.S. Route 45, and numerous state highways. US 82 leads southeast to Reform, Alabama and west to Starkville. US 45 leads south to Macon and north to Aberdeen. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Large lakes and rivers are nearby, such as the Buttahatchee River in northern Lowndes County that defines the border between Lowndes and Monroe counties; in the middle of the City of Columbus and Lowndes County lies the Luxapallila Creek, and the Tombigbee River with the John C. Stennis Lock and Dam impounding Columbus Lake. Columbus is a relatively flat place in the northern part of Lowndes County, as the land rises for a short period of time into hills and bluffs, in the southern/eastern part of the county, the land has rolling hills that quickly turn into flatland floodplains that dominate this county. This county lies in the Black Prairie Geographic Region, and the Northeastern Hills Region of the state/area. Prairies, forests and floodplain forests lie here. The soil quality is poor in the eastern part of the county, otherwise the soil is relatively fertile. Columbus and the surrounding areas are listed as an Arbor Day Hardiness Zone 8a (); note that temperatures in 2010 reached , but the USDA Hardiness Zones list the area as zone 7b (). Climate Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 24,084 people, 9,572 households, and 5,348 families residing in the city. 2010 census As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 23,640 people living in the city. 60.0% were African American, 37.4% White, 0.2% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from some other race, and 1.1% of two or more races. 1.4% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 2000 census Columbus' population has grown steadily since the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1900, 6,484 people lived in Columbus; in 1910, 8,988; in 1920, 10,501; and in 1940, 13,645. As of the census of 2000, there were 25,944 people, 10,062 households, and 6,419 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 11,112 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city is 43.62% White, 54.41% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.56% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.51% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.13% of the population. There were 10,062 households, out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.0% were married couples living together, 21.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.07. In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 12.0% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $27,393, and the median income for a family was $37,068. Males had a median income of $30,773 versus $20,182 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,848. Economy Major Employers: Columbus Air Force Base. Baptist Memorial Hospital - Golden Triangle. International Paper Columbus Mill and Columbus Modified Fiber. Steel Dynamics, Inc. (steel manufacturer). Aurora Flight Sciences (unmanned defense systems). Stark Aerospace (unmanned defense systems). Columbus / Nammo-Talley (defense systems). Valmet (paper machine rolls and roll covers). Arts and culture Columbus is the birthplace of playwright Tennessee Williams, whose grandfather was the priest of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Williams was born in the rectory on Main Street, which is now the Tennessee Williams Home Museum and Welcome Center. Education Columbus is home to a state university, the Mississippi University for Women. The MUW campus is also home to the Mississippi School for Mathematics and Science, a state-funded public boarding school for academically gifted high school juniors and seniors. The city's public high school (under the Columbus Municipal School District) is Columbus High School, located in the eastern part of town. It is the largest high school in the city and fifth largest in the state, enrolling approximately 1370 students. Columbus High School was formed by the merger of the city's two previous high schools, Stephen D. Lee High School and Caldwell High School; the schools were merged in 1992 and the campuses in 1997. Columbus is also home to the oldest public elementary school in Mississippi, Franklin Academy Elementary, founded in 1821. Desegregated in 1970, Lee High School received a state award for the high school with the best race relations. Prior to desegregation, the school formed a race relations committee consisting of black and white students who could discuss issues and determine how to handle certain situations. For instance, the students decided to have both white and black homecoming courts so as to prevent sides being taken along racial lines. However, black students were allowed to vote for the white homecoming court and vice versa. The school went undefeated in football in 1970, which helped unite the student body. Students were ranked based on achievement score tests and divided into three groups, in order to allow each group to learn at their own pace. This practice was in place prior to integration. It was continued after integration for a period, but such tracking was later ruled to be unconstitutional by a Federal court, because it was based on biased testing. It did not take into account differences in preparation in earlier grades. The Lowndes County School District operates three high schools--Caledonia, New Hope, and West Lowndes--fed by similarly named elementary and middle schools. Columbus has several private schools, including: Columbus Christian Academy, formerly Immanuel Christian School (K-3 through 12) Heritage Academy (Christian, K-12) Annunciation Catholic School (Catholic, K-8) Victory Christian Academy (Christian, K-12) Palmer Home for Children (orphanage) Media Columbus' city newspapers are the daily (except Saturdays) Commercial Dispatch, the weekly (Thursdays) Columbus Packet and the internet-only paper, Real Media (formerly The Real Story). One television station, WCBI-TV 4, the CBS affiliate, is located in the city's historic downtown area; it broadcasts CW and MyNetworkTV programming on digital subchannels. Columbus is also served by television stations from the Columbus / Tupelo / West Point DMA, ranked No. These include NBC affiliate WTVA 9, its DT2 subchannel which is the market's ABC affiliate, and Fox affiliate WLOV-TV 27. Radio Stations include: 103.1 Sports Talk/ESPN Radio 94.1 Top 40 99.9 Rock 92.1 Hip-Hop & R&B 100.9 Talk Radio (Supertalk Mississippi) 93.3 Easy Listening/Top 40 104.5 Christian radio/KLOVE Infrastructure Transportation Columbus lies on U.S. It is also served by state highways 12, 50, 69, and 182. Columbus is the eastern terminus of the Columbus and Greenville Railway; it is also served by the BNSF Railway (on the original right-of-way of the St. Louis - San Francisco Railway), the Norfolk Southern, and the Alabama Southern Railroad (using the original right-of-way of the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad). The local airport is Golden Triangle Regional Airport. The airport currently has three flights a day to Atlanta. The city is located on the east bank of the Tombigbee River and the associated Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway. Columbus Lake, formed by the John C. Stennis Lock and Dam, is approximately two miles north of downtown. The Luxapalila Creek runs through the town, separating East Columbus from Columbus proper (both are within city limits). The Lux, as it is locally known, joins the Tombigbee about three miles south of downtown.

40599902

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20of%20Opava

Margaret of Opava

Margaret of Opava (Czech: Marketa Opavska, Silesian: Margaret s Uopawje, German: Margaret von Troppau, Polish: Malgorzata opawska; 1330-1363) was the youngest daughter of Nicholas II of Opava, (grandson of Premysl II, Otakar, King of Bohemia) and his third wife Anna of Raciborz. She became Margravine consort of Moravia by her marriage to John Henry of Moravia (1353). Margaret was buried in Saint Thomas, Brno. Children The couple had six children: Catherine of Moravia (March 1353 - 1378), consort of Henry, Duke of Falkenberg Jobst of Moravia (1351 - 18 January 1411), King of the Romans Elizabeth of Moravia/Elizabeth of Meissen (1355 - 20 November 1400). Married William I, Margrave of Meissen. Anne, married Peter of Sterberg.

46582954

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan%20Hale

Ryan Hale

Ryan Hale (born July 10, 1975) is a former American football defensive tackle who played two seasons with the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the New York Giants in the seventh round of the 1999 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Arkansas and attended Rogers High School in Rogers, Arkansas. Professional career New York Giants Hale was selected by the New York Giants with the 225th pick in the 1999 NFL Draft. He played in 25 games for the Giants from 1999 to 2000. He was released by the Giants on September 2, 2001.

10554223

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Peacock

Anthony Peacock

Anthony Peacock (born 6 September 1985, in Middlesbrough) is an English footballer. Peacock was part of Middlesbrough's successful youth teams but was released in 2005 and signed for Darlington. He made 27 league appearances but was again released. He currently plays for Spennymoor Town in County Durham. Honours Middlesbrough FA Youth Cup: 2003-04 References 1985 births Living people Footballers from Middlesbrough Men's association football midfielders English men's footballers Middlesbrough F.C.

54150122

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hsu%20Shu-hua

Hsu Shu-hua

Hsu Shu-hua (; born 15 October 1975) is a Taiwanese politician serving as magistrate of Nantou County. From 2002 to 2006, she was a member of the Nantou County Council. Hsu then served as mayor of Nantou City until 2014. She subsequently won a by-election to the Legislative Yuan. Hsu vacated her legislative seat in 2022 to take office as magistrate of Nantou County. Another Taiwanese politician also named Hsu Shu-hua is a Taipei City Councilor, representing the Democratic Progressive Party. Early life and education Hsu was born on 15 October 1975. She earned a master's degree in management from Feng Chia University. Political career Hsu was elected to the Nantou County Council in 2002, and became mayor of Nantou City in 2006. While mayor of Nantou, she was elected to the Kuomintang Central Standing Committee in 2011. She served as mayor until 2014, and was named a representative to the Legislative Yuan in a by-election, taking office on 16 February 2015. With the support of Wu Den-yih, Hsu won a full legislative term in January 2016. In April, Hsu was named a deputy secretary-general of the Kuomintang. That September, she won a drawing over Tuan Yi-kang to become co-convener of the legislature's Organic Laws and Statutes Committee alongside Yu Mei-nu. In May 2022, the Kuomintang nominated Hsu as its candidate for the Nantou magistracy in the local elections. Hsu defeated Democratic Progressive Party candidate Frida Tsai and political independent Wang Yung-ching, necessitating a by-election for her legislative constituency. Political stances Hsu supports strengthening laws against fraud and proposed an amendment to the Criminal Code in 2016 intending to bring fraud committed abroad by Taiwanese citizens under the jurisdiction of Taiwanese authorities. In December 2016, she proposed an amendment to the Civil Code in regards to same-sex marriage in Taiwan, retaining gendered terms in the code's Article 972, but at the same time introduced language to recognize partners of a same-sex union. In July 2017, Democratic Progressive Party member Chiu Yi-ying tried to break up a group of Kuomintang members who were protesting the Forward-looking Infrastructure Development Program. Hsu Shu-hua was the first to stop Chiu from interfering with the protest. Personal life Hsu owns a collection of Smurfs memorabilia.

2650370

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%2077%20Bank

The 77 Bank

() is a Japanese regional bank headquartered in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture. As the designated financial institution of the prefecture, the city, and many other cities and towns throughout the prefecture, it performs duties such as holding deposits for public money and handling payments. It is also the biggest regional bank in the Tohoku region. The 77 Bank is unique among other Tohoku region banks in operating branches in Nagoya and Osaka. It also runs a representative office in Shanghai. Following criticism for lagging behind in the establishment of a cooperative ATM network, the bank is scheduled to enter into an agreement with two other convenience store operators within the prefecture in March, 2006. Profile As of March 31, 2014: Assets: Approximately 8.234 trillion yen Employees: 2,734 Branches: 141 President: Hiroshi Kamata (Chairman), Teruhiko Ujiie (President) Member: Regional Banks Association of Japan History The 77 Bank traces its origins to an 1872 law allowing for the establishment of banks in Japan. Having received approval from the Ministry of Finance in February, 1872, The 77th National Bank was established in September in Miyagi prefecture, an area with very limited banking services at the time. The famous industrialist of the time and president of the First National Bank, Shibusawa Eiichi, took an interest in the development of the Tohoku region; he supported the fledgling bank through advice, provision of some of his own funds, and the supply of personnel from The First National Bank when The 77th National Bank was founded. The 77th National Bank changed its name to The 77 Bank, Ltd. in 1932, when it merged with the Tohoku Jitsugyo Bank and the Gojo Bank. Although The 77 Bank closed representative offices and branches in London and New York City after the collapse of the bubble economy in the 1990s, it opened a representative office in Shanghai in July, 2005.

20757684

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooch%20Behar%20Sadar%20subdivision

Cooch Behar Sadar subdivision

Cooch Behar Sadar subdivision is a subdivision of the Cooch Behar district in the state of West Bengal, India. Subdivisions Cooch Behar district is divided into the following administrative subdivisions: Administrative units Cooch Behar Sadar subdivision has 1 police station, 2 community development blocks, 2 panchayat samitis, 28 gram panchayats, 259 mouzas, 253 inhabited villages, 1 municipality and 8 census towns. The municipality is: Cooch Behar. The census towns are: Kharimala Khagrabari, Guriahati, Dhaliabari, Baneswar, Khagrabari, Baisguri, Chakchaka and Takagachh. The subdivision has its headquarters at Cooch Behar. Police stations Police stations in the Darjeeling Sadar subdivision have the following features and jurisdiction: Blocks Community development blocks in the Cooch Behar Sadar subdivision are: Gram panchayats The subdivision contains 28 gram panchayats under 2 community development blocks: Cooch Behar I block consists of 15 gram panchayats, viz. Chandamari, Falimari, Haribhanga, Patchhara, Chilkirhat, Ghughumari, Jiranpur, Putimari-Fuleswari, Dauaguri, Guriahati-I, Moyamari, Deoanhat, Guriahati-II, Panisala and Suktabari. Cooch Behar II block consists of 13 gram panchayats, viz. Ambari, Dhangdhinguri, Madhupur, Takagachh-Rajarhat, Baneswar, Gopalpur, Marichbari-Kholta, Bararangras, Khagrabari, Patlakhawa, Chakchaka, Khapaidanga and Pundibari. Education Given in the table below (data in numbers) is a comprehensive picture of the education scenario in Cooch Behar district, with data for the year 2012-13. Note: Primary schools include junior basic schools; middle schools, high schools and higher secondary schools include madrasahs; technical schools include junior technical schools, junior government polytechnics, industrial technical institutes, industrial training centres, nursing training institutes etc. ; technical and professional colleges include engineering colleges, medical colleges, para-medical institutes, management colleges, teachers training and nursing training colleges, law colleges, art colleges, music colleges etc. Special and non-formal education centres include sishu siksha kendras, madhyamik siksha kendras, centres of Rabindra mukta vidyalaya, recognised Sanskrit tols, institutions for the blind and other handicapped persons, Anganwadi centres, reformatory schools etc. Educational institutions The following institutions are located in Cooch Behar Sadar subdivision: Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University was established at Cooch Behar in 2012. Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya initially started functioning as a satellite campus of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya and was formally established in 2001 at Pundibari. Cooch Behar Government Engineering College was established in 2016 at Cooch Behar. Acharya Brojendra Nath Seal College (formerly Victoria College) was established in 1888 at Cooch Behar. Cooch Behar College was established at Cooch Behar in 1970. Thakur Panchanan Mahila Mahavidyalaya was established at Cooch Behar in 1981. Dewanhat Mahavidyalaya was established in 2007 at Dewanhat. Baneswar Sarathibala Mahavidyalaya was established at Baneswar in 2009. Healthcare The table below (all data in numbers) presents an overview of the medical facilities available and patients treated in the hospitals, health centres and sub-centres in 2013 in Cooch Behar district, with data for the year 2012-13.: . Medical facilities Medical facilities in the Cooch Behar Sadar subdivision are as follows: Hospitals: (Name, location, beds) M.J.N. Hospital (District Hospital), Cooch Behar M, 400 beds Cooch Behar Jail Hospital, Cooch Behar M, 10 beds Cooch Behar Police Hospital, Cooch Behar M, 30 beds J.D.Hospital (TB), Cooch Behar II, 120 beds New Cooch Behar Railway Hospital, Cooch Behar II, 2 beds Rural Hospitals: (Name, CD block, location, beds) Dewanhat Rural Hospital, Cooch Behar I CD block, Dewanhat, 30 beds Pundibari Rural Hospital, Cooch Behar II block, Pundibari, 30 beds Primary Health Centres : (CD block-wise)(CD block, PHC location, beds) Cooch Behar I CD block: Putimari Phuleswari (PO Patpushu) (10), Chilkirhat (6) Cooch Behar II CD block: Patlakhawa (6), Bokalir Math (4), Gopalpur (10), Kaljani (4) Legislative segments As per order of the Delimitation Commission in respect of the delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, the area under Cooch Behar-II block will constitute the Cooch Behar Uttar assembly constituency of West Bengal. The Cooch Behar municipality and nine gram panchayats of Cooch Behar-I block, viz. Chandamari, Chilkirhat, Falimari, Ghughumari, Haribhanga, Moyamari, Patchhara, Putimari-Fuleswari and Sutkabari will form the Cooch Behar Dakshin assembly constituency. The other six gram panchayats of Cooch Behar-I block, viz. Jiranpur, Dauaguri, Guriahati-I, Deoanhat, Guriahati-II and Panisala will be part of Natabari assembly constituency. Cooch Behar Uttar constituency will be reserved for Scheduled castes (SC) candidates. All these three assembly constituencies will be part of Cooch Behar (Lok Sabha constituency), which will be reserved for SC candidates.

48350104

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Royal%20%281794%20ship%29

Princess Royal (1794 ship)

Princess Royal was launched at Great Yarmouth in September 1794 and for the next three years traded with the West Indies. She made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC) in 1797-8. On her return she resumed general trading. In 1822 and again in 1829 she transported convicts to New South Wales. She was last listed in Lloyd's Register in 1834. EIC voyage (1797-1798) Captain Peter Foubister received a letter of marque on 20 December 1796. Lloyd's Register for 1797 gives the captain's name as "Forbuster" and her trade as London-Jamaica, changing to London-India. Foubister sailed Princess Royal from Falmouth on 16 February 1797, bound for Madras and Bengal. She reached the Cape on 16 May and arrived at Madras on 11 July. She was at Pondicherry on 11 August, and then returned to Madras 16 August. The British government chartered Princes Royal to serve as a transport in a planned attack on Manila. She sailed to Penang, where she arrived on 6 September, where she joined the other vessels. However, the British Government cancelled the invasion following a peace treaty with Spain and the EIC released the vessels it had engaged. Princess Royal returned to Madras on 11 December. She arrived at Calcutta on 28 January 1798. She left Diamond Harbour on 8 March, reached Simons Bay on 14 June and St Helena on 6 August, and arrived at The Downs on 18 October. Lloyd's Register for 1799 gives her master's name as Forbuster, changing to M'Donald, and her trade as London-India, changing to London-Jamaica. By 1805 Princess Royal was a London-based transport with Hoseason, master, and Sims & co., owners. First convict voyage (1822-1823) Princess Royal left Britain on 5 November 1822 and arrived at Sydney on 9 March 1823. Her captain was Henry Sherwood. She embarked 156 male convicts, two of whom died on the voyage. On 6 February 1825 a collier brig ran into the "Princess Royal Transport" and carried off her bowsprit. Second convict voyage (1829) Princess Royal left Britain on 6 January 1829 and arrived at Sydney on 9 May 1829. Henry Sherwood was again her captain. She embarked 100 female convicts, all of whom survived the journey. Register listings Notes Citations References Hackman, Rowan (2001) Ships of the East India Company. (Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society). Smith, Babette (1988) A Cargo of Women: Susannah Watson and the Convicts of the Princess Royal.

72855641

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tied%20to%20a%20Chair

Tied to a Chair

Tied to a Chair is a 2011 American-French-British comedy film written and directed by Michael Bergmann and starring Mario Van Peebles, Bonnie Loren, Robert Gossett and Sayed Badreya. Cast Bonnie Loren as Naomi Holbroke Mario Van Peebles as Billy Rust Robert Gossett as Det. Peter Farrell Richard Franklin as Henry Holbroke Sayed Badreya as Kamal Ali Marsh as Liz Joselin Reyes as Detective Rosalie Aragon Release The film premiered in Manhattan on May 27, 2011. Reception The film has a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on five reviews. Jeannette Catsoulis of The New York Times gave the film a negative review and wrote, "Insulting several nationalities and most of the filmgoing public, Tied to a Chair lurches through acting atrocities, continuity glitches and narrative gaps with grating insouciance." Diego Semerene of Slant Magazine awarded the film one and a half stars out of four and wrote that it "mostly suffers from a sense of confusion that never reads like bona fide experimentalism, just aimlessness."

24079550

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Indy%20Grand%20Prix%20of%20Sonoma

2009 Indy Grand Prix of Sonoma

The 2009 Indy Grand Prix of Sonoma was the fourteenth round of the 17-race 2009 IndyCar Series season, and was held on August 23, 2009 at the Infineon Raceway in Sonoma, California. Will Power and Nelson Philippe both missed the race, after they were hospitalized after a practice accident on Saturday. Philippe spun at the blind turn 3A, and stalled the car on-track. E. J. Viso hit the Frenchman's car, before Power t-boned it a few seconds later. Power suffered fractures to two lumbar vertebrae, Philippe fractured his left foot and Viso escaped uninjured. Grid Race * Marco Andretti was originally scored in eleventh, but was demoted behind Scott Dixon after the pair collided on the final lap.

87947

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharkovskii%27s%20theorem

Sharkovskii's theorem

In mathematics, Sharkovskii's theorem (also spelled Sharkovsky's theorem, Sharkovskiy's theorem, Sarkovskii's theorem or Sarkovskii's theorem), named after Oleksandr Mykolayovych Sharkovsky, who published it in 1964, is a result about discrete dynamical systems. One of the implications of the theorem is that if a discrete dynamical system on the real line has a periodic point of period 3, then it must have periodic points of every other period. Statement For some interval , suppose that is a continuous function. The number is called a periodic point of period if , where denotes the iterated function obtained by composition of copies of . The number is said to have least period if, in addition, for all . Sharkovskii's theorem concerns the possible least periods of periodic points of . Consider the following ordering of the positive integers, sometimes called the Sharkovskii ordering: It consists of: the odd numbers in increasing order, 2 times the odd numbers in increasing order, 4 times the odd numbers in increasing order, 8 times the odd numbers , etc. finally, the powers of two in decreasing order. This ordering is a total order: every positive integer appears exactly once somewhere on this list. However, it is not a well-order. In a well-order, every subset would have an earliest element, but in this order there is no earliest power of two. Sharkovskii's theorem states that if has a periodic point of least period , and precedes in the above ordering, then has also a periodic point of least period . One consequence is that if has only finitely many periodic points, then they must all have periods that are powers of two. Furthermore, if there is a periodic point of period three, then there are periodic points of all other periods. Sharkovskii's theorem does not state that there are stable cycles of those periods, just that there are cycles of those periods. For systems such as the logistic map, the bifurcation diagram shows a range of parameter values for which apparently the only cycle has period 3. In fact, there must be cycles of all periods there, but they are not stable and therefore not visible on the computer-generated picture. The assumption of continuity is important. Without this assumption, the discontinuous piecewise linear function defined as: for which every value has period 3, would be a counterexample. Similarly essential is the assumption of being defined on an interval. Otherwise , which is defined on real numbers except the one: and for which every non-zero value has period 3, would be a counterexample. Generalizations and related results Sharkovskii also proved the converse theorem: every upper set of the above order is the set of periods for some continuous function from an interval to itself. In fact all such sets of periods are achieved by the family of functions , for , except for the empty set of periods which is achieved by , . On the other hand, with additional information on the combinatorial structure of the interval map acting on the points in a periodic orbit, a period-n point may force period-3 (and hence all periods). Namely, if the orbit type (the cyclic permutation generated by the map acting on the points in the periodic orbit) has a so-called stretching pair, then this implies the existence of a periodic point of period-3. It can be shown (in an asymptotic sense) that almost all cyclic permutations admit at least one stretching pair, and hence almost all orbit types imply period-3. Tien-Yien Li and James A. Yorke showed in 1975 that not only does the existence of a period-3 cycle imply the existence of cycles of all periods, but in addition it implies the existence of an uncountable infinitude of points that never map to any cycle (chaotic points)--a property known as period three implies chaos. Sharkovskii's theorem does not immediately apply to dynamical systems on other topological spaces. It is easy to find a circle map with periodic points of period 3 only: take a rotation by 120 degrees, for example. But some generalizations are possible, typically involving the mapping class group of the space minus a periodic orbit. For example, Peter Kloeden showed that Sharkovskii's theorem holds for triangular mappings, i.e., mappings for which the component depends only on the first components .

62683749

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascenci%C3%B3n%20Mendieta

Ascención Mendieta

Ascension Mendieta Ibarra (29 November 1925 - 16 September 2019), was a Spanish activist for the rights of civilians killed during the Spanish Civil War. She became a symbol for anti-fascist movements - notably the Association for the Recovery of Historic Memory (ARMH) - as a result of her seventy-year struggle to recover the body of her father, Timoteo Mendieta Alcala, and buried with twenty-three other victims in a mass grave in the cemetery of Guadalajara. Ascension Mendieta managed to use international human rights law in the so-called "Argentine Complaint" against the crimes of Franco, finally resulting in her father's exhumation in 2017. Biography Ascension Mendieta was born in the town of Guadalajara Province in Sacedon on 29 November 1925. Daughter of Timoteo Mendieta, a member of the General Workers Union (UGT), a socialist syndicate union attached to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), and Maria Ibarra, daughter of a conservative family. They had seven children - four boys and three girls - of which Ascension was the youngest. Timoteo Mendieta was a butcher, but was also politically active as a member of the UGT (Worker's Union) during the Second Spanish Republic. A fascist revolution under Francisco Franco was mounted in 1936, and all members of the democratically elected Spanish government found themselves enemies of the state and subject to what has become known as the White Terror. In summer 1939, a neighbour denounced Timoteo to the authorities, and he was abducted by fascist troops/militia and executed in November 1939. His family were left destitute by his execution, and as the family of a republican were blacklisted from any support or employment opportunities. They moved to the Madrid town of Puente de Vallecas, to the house of Timoteo's mother. Ascension married and raised a family in Madrid. The Franco dictatorship forbade any attempt to exhume the regime's murder victims, and even to question injustices brought about in its name. After the death of Franco in 1975, Ascension and her sister Paz began to campaign for the exhumation of her father. When Paz died, Ascension continued her work, resulting in repeated appeals that were consistently rejected by the Spanish authorities. By then in her 80s, her campaigns finally led her to the International Court of Human Rights, based in Argentina. Despite strong opposition from pro-Franco factions in Spain, the remains of her father were successfully exhumed, identified and reburied by the ARMH and an international forensics team in 2017. Ascension Mendieta died in 2019, and is buried alongside her father in the civil cemetery of Almudena in Madrid.

47269216

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%20Robert%20Talbot%2C%202nd%20Baronet

Sir Robert Talbot, 2nd Baronet

Sir Robert Talbot, 2nd Baronet (1608 - after 1670) of Carton was an Irish landowner, soldier, and politician. He sat for County Wicklow in the Irish parliament 1634-1635. Birth and origins Robert was born in 1608, the eldest son of William Talbot and his wife Alison Netterville. His father was the 1st Baronet Talbot of Carton, County Kildare. His father's family was Old English. His mother was a daughter of John Netterville. He was one of 16 siblings, who are listed in his father's article. Among his younger brothers were Peter Talbot, who became the Catholic Archbishop of Dublin, and the soldier and courtier Richard Talbot, whose career eventually eclipsed Robert's as Richard rose to become Lord Lieutenant of Ireland under James II and commanded the Royal Irish Army during the Williamite War. Like most other Old English families, the Talbots and Nettervilles remained Roman Catholics after the Reformation. Marriage and children Talbot married Grace Calvert, the daughter of George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, a leading English Catholic and founder of the Maryland Colony. Grace was one of thirteen children by his wife Anne Mynne or Mayne, daughter of George Mynne and Elizabeth Wroth. Robert and Grace had a daughters: Frances (died 1718) married her cousin Richard Talbot of Malahide They lived at Castlesallagh, County Wicklow. Baronet He succeeded his father as 2nd baronet Talbot of Carton on 16 March 1634. MP On 10 June 1634 Talbot was elected MP for County Wicklow in the Parliament 1634-1635. He was expelled from parliament for lacking respect to Thomas Wentworth, Lord Deputy. Irish Confederate war and Cromwellian conquest After the outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641, Talbot joined the Irish Catholic Confederates and was a leading member of the Moderate Faction on the Supreme Council. He served as an officer in the Leinster Army. In July 1651, during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland he was forced to surrender Athlone to the advancing English Republican forces under Charles Coote. His lands were forfeited at the defeat. Under the Act of Settlement 1662 he recovered most of his lands. Death and succession In or after 1671, he died and was succeeded by his nephew Sir William Talbot, 3rd Baronet, who would be the last of the Carton baronets.

15105651

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsabit%20National%20Park

Marsabit National Park

The Marsabit National Park is a national park and nature reserve located at Mount Marsabit in northern Kenya, near the town of Marsabit. It is located 560 km north of Nairobi in Marsabit County in the former Eastern Province and its reserve is noted for its zebra population and bird sanctuary. Geography The area contains a number of extinct volcanic craters, which are covered in forests. There is a crater in the vicinity named Gof Redo, roughly north of Marsabit in the fork of the roads to Moyale and North Horr. Flora and fauna Zebras, elephant, lions, giraffes, buffaloes, black and white colobus, blue monkeys, bushbucks, sunis, and leopards populate the park. The park contains some 350 species of birds in total, of which 52 are birds of prey. The cliffs in the northern end of Lake Paradise, in Gof Sokorte Gurda, are home to a number of birds, including Ruppell's griffon vultures, peregrine falcons, mountain buzzards, black kites and African fish eagles. Ducks such as garganeys, southern pochards and teals are found on the lake, which is also home to red-knobbed coots, hamerkops, ibises, purple herons, and yellow-billed storks. On the lower slopes of the forest of the park, marked by scrubland, there are populations of olive baboons, vervet monkeys, Peter's gazelles, beisa oryxes, striped hyenas, caracals and aardwolves. On the road south from Mount Marsabit to the rocky plains of Shaba, Michael Palin describes passing extraordinary Strangler figs in the mountain-top forest, a stark contrast to the dusty track below which is lined by low, flat-topped acacias. The area is home to sociable weaver birds, which can be identified by their neater, tidier nests; sparrow weavers, with their "scruffier" nests; and white-bellied turacos. In the 1970s, the park achieved fame for reputedly having elephants with the longest tusks in the world. One elephant, named Ahmed, was under constant surveillance, and when he died his tusks were found to weigh over 300 kg.