Datasets:

gogo8232

/

wikipedia-20230901.en-deduped.cleaned_filtered

like 0

30764670

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20Schultz%20%28footballer%29

Bruce Schultz (footballer)

Bruce Schultz (13 March 1913 - 11 January 1980) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Norwood in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). He also played Sheffield Shield cricket for South Australia and grade cricket at East Torrens. Schultz is the full-forward in Norwood's official "Team of the Century" and holds the club record for most goals kicked, at 669. His best match tally of 19 goals, which included two posters, was achieved in his penultimate game. He scored 10 or more goals in a game on 12 occasions and averaged 5.4 goals a game, which for comparison is more than prolific VFL/AFL forwards Gary Ablett, Jason Dunstall and Tony Lockett managed in their careers; only Peter Hudson (5.64) and John Coleman (5.48) have higher averages. On the six occasions he represented the South Australian interstate team, he kicked 23 goals. Tall and thin, Schultz was a strong aerialist and started out at Norwood in 1933. He topped Norwood's goal-kicking in both 1934 and 1935 but over the next three seasons was surpassed as his club's main forward by R. J. His father, Julius 'Ern' Schultz, had represented the state as a first-class cricketer and he followed in his footsteps in the 1936-37 Sheffield Shield season when he was called up to the state squad. An all-rounder, Schultz was a right handed middle order batsman and right arm fast-medium bowler. He made his first-class and Shield debut at the Adelaide Oval, against New South Wales. Batting at number seven, he scored 30 in the first innings and bowled first change, taking the wickets of Harold Mudge and captain Alan McGilvray for figures of 2/29. In the second innings he added another 28 runs, after being promoted one place up the order, but was only required to bowl two overs as South Australia sealed a 109 runs win. On Christmas, just a few days later, Schultz was picked for his second and final match, against Queensland at the same venue. He was used at six in both innings and scored 41 and 33. After not being required to bowl in the first innings, he bowled a couple of overs and ran out future Test wicket-keeper Don Tallon as Queensland fell 112 runs short in their chase. In both of his matches, Schultz had the honour of bowling with Shield legend Clarrie Grimmett. In 1939, he was back to his best for Norwood and kicked 98 goals for the season, with another 90 coming in 1940 when he was club captain. On both occasions he finished the year as the leading goal-kicker at Norwood. Despite his high numbers it still wasn't enough to top the league, with North Adelaide great Ken Farmer being in his prime. Schultz finally got the better of Farmer in 1940 when he kicked exactly 100 goals for the year and won the league's goal-kicking award. He reached the milestone in Norwood's round 13 clash but moments after kicking the two goals he required, had to be taken off the field with a severe knee injury which ended his career. Before the injury he had been on track to beat the then season record of 134 goals by Farmer. He was nonetheless the first ever Norwood player to kick a century of goals and it remained their highest season tally until Neville Roberts kicked 111 goals in 1983.

6114232

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MADD%20Canada

MADD Canada

MADD Canada is the Canadian arm of Mothers Against Drunk Driving. Its stated purpose is to stop impaired driving and to support victims. MADD Canada operates public awareness and education programs which focus on preventing impaired driving. Local activities are carried out by chapters in approximately 100 communities across Canada. The organization also supports a number of federal and provincial initiatives aimed at reducing incidents of impaired driving, including changes to Criminal Code provisions against drunk driving, and a zero blood alcohol content limit for drivers under 21. Programs MADD Canada's victim services programs support victims, train victim services volunteers, and deliver death notification training for medical, police, firefighter and victim services personnel. The organization's youth services programs include a multimedia assembly presentation which tours Canadian high schools and is seen by approximately 750,000 students annually. The organisation also provides a classroom education tool called Breaking Point. MADD Canada runs several annual public awareness campaigns and fundraisers, including the "Strides for Change" walk-a-thon, and a door-to-door program, "Faces of MADD Canada", which operates in 13 local communities. "Project Red Ribbon" distributes red ribbons to Canadian motorists to signify the importance of not driving while impaired. Campaign 911 urges the public to call 911 if they see drivers they think may be impaired. MADD Canada also produces television and radio public service announcements across the country. MADD Canada programs are supported through corporate and public donations. The organization also raises funds by selling breath mints, sold especially at pubs in the Toronto area. In July 2021, MADD Canada CEO Andrew Murie called for Nova Scotia Premier Ian Rankin to take stronger action against drunk driving following Rankin's apology for a previously undisclosed conviction for impaired driving. Previously, Saskatchewan Premier Scott Moe and British Columbia Premier Gordon Campbell had taken steps to curb impaired driving following revelations of their own previous charges. In December 2022, MADD Canada partnered with the Fredericton Police Force on their annual Project Red Ribbon campaign, aiming to promote sober driving during the holiday season. In the same month, Fredericton police reported a four-year high in impaired driving arrests, totalling 199 as of December 16, up from 166 in 2021. Allegations about fundraising On December 9, 2006, an article in the Toronto Star alleged that about 19 cents of every dollar the organization raised went to victim services and combatting drunk driving. In response to this allegation, MADD Canada temporarily suspended its fundraising activities. MADD CEO Andrew Murie argued that MADD's outreach campaigns also served to warn individual members of the Canadian public that impaired driving can lead to criminal charges, serious injury, and death and was thus not purely fundraising. Murie stated that the Canada Revenue Agency had audited MADD Canada in 2002-2003 and gave them a "clean bill of health". However, according to the Star's Kevin Donavan, a letter from the Agency dated March 3, 2003, stated that MADD had conflated fundraising with charity, and warned MADD not to count fundraising expenses as charitable expenditures.

39831888

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Otradnoye

Lake Otradnoye

Lake Otradnoye (; ) is a lake on Karelian Isthmus, in Priozersky District of Leningrad Oblast, south of the town of Priozersk. The area of the lake is , and the area of its drainage basin is . The lake is the source of the Pionerka River (Pyhajoki River) which flows to the west and drains into Lake Komsomolskoye. In its turn, Lake Komsomolskoye drains into the Vesyolaya River, a tributary of the Vuoksi River. Whereas the lake belongs to the basin of Lake Ladoga which is located about to the east, its outflow runs to the west. The main tributary of the lake is River Luchik, flowing from the north. Lake Otradnoye has an irregular shape with two bays separated by a peninsula. There are several islands on the lake, the two biggest ones are Barsukovy and Troynoy Islands. The shores of the lake are populated, with the settlements of Otradnoye, Plodovoye, Uralskoye, Solnechnoye, Kutuzovskoye, Yablonovka, Krasnopolye, and Tsvetkovo all are located at or close to the shore. Roads run along all shores of the lake except for the eastern one. A stretch of the A129 highway connecting Saint Petersburg and Sortavala via Priozersk runs along the western shore, whereas other roads are local and have access to A129, as well as to the shore of Lake Ladoga. The Saint Petersburg - Hiitola railroad runs along the western shore of the lake as well, with Otradnoye being the only railway platform close to the lakeshore.

18952291

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/164589%20La%20Sagra

164589 La Sagra

164589 La Sagra, provisional designation , is an asteroid of the Euterpe family from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It was discovered on 11 August 2007, by astronomers of the Astronomical Observatory of Mallorca at its robotic La Sagra Observatory in Grenada, Spain. It was named after Mount La Sagra and the discovering La Sagra Observatory. Orbit and classification La Sagra is a member of the Euterpe family (), a small family of stony asteroids named after its principal body, 27 Euterpe. It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.9-3.0 AU once every 3 years and 10 months (1,395 days; semi-major axis of 2.44 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.22 and an inclination of 1deg with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken by Spacewatch in October 1992, nearly 15 years prior to its official discovery observation at La Sagra Observatory. Naming This minor planet takes its name from the mountain La Sagra ("Sierra de La Sagra"; 2,382 meters above sea level), the highest mountain of the Prebetic mountain range, on whose north hillside the La Sagra Observatory is located. This asteroid was the observatory's first numbered discovery. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 21 March 2008 (). Physical characteristics Since Euterpe asteroids are of silicaceous rather than carbonaceous composition, with a relatively high albedo around 0.26 (also see list of families), La Sagra measures approximately 1.2 kilometer in diameter, based on an absolute magnitude of 16.6. As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve of La Sagra has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.

72184701

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith%20Bellaiche

Judith Bellaiche

Judith Sarah Jager Bellaiche (born 2 February 1971, Lile) is a Swiss lawyer, Green Liberal Party politician and a member of the National Council since 2019. She is the managing director of Swico trade association. Education Bellaiche studied Law at the University of Basel and an Executive MBA in General Management at the University of St Gallen. She took a career in finance where she worked for several years before co-founding a business. Political career Bellaiche began her political career in her local community as an elected councilor in Kilchberg, Zuric where she served for 8 years. She headed building construction, real estate and planning department. In 2011, she was elected to the Zurich Cantonal Council where she was a member of Intergroup Conference from 2015 to 2019 and a member of WAK Commission for Economy and Taxes. She was elected to the National Council in 2019.

60422019

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis%20Gilbert%20%28ice%20hockey%29

Dennis Gilbert (ice hockey)

Dennis Gilbert (born October 30, 1996) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman who is currently playing with the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected by the Chicago Blackhawks, 90th overall, in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft. Early life Gilbert was born on October 30, 1996, to parents Dennis Sr. and Kim Gilbert. Growing up, he refused to play hockey year round in order to play lacrosse and football. Playing career Gilbert played junior hockey with the Buffalo Jr. Sabres in the Ontario Junior Hockey League and the Chicago Steel in the United States Hockey League (USHL) before he was selected in the third round, 90th overall, in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft by the Chicago Blackhawks. Gilbert played collegiate hockey for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish at the University of Notre Dame, originally of Hockey East. In his sophomore season with the Fighting Irish in 2016-17, Gilbert helped guide Notre Dame to the Frozen Four and was announced as the Hockey East's Best Defensive Defenseman and a Hockey East Third Team All-Star. Gilbert concluded his collegiate career following his junior season with the Fighting Irish in the 2017-18 season, turning professional by signing a three-year, entry-level contract with the Chicago Blackhawks on April 14, 2018. Entering the final year of his entry-level deal on October 10, 2020, Gilbert was traded by the Blackhawks, alongside Brandon Saad, to the Colorado Avalanche in exchange for Nikita Zadorov and Anton Lindholm. Following two seasons in Colorado, Gilbert left as a free agent and was signed to a two-year, $1.525 million contract with the Calgary Flames on July 13, 2022.

63967865

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incitement%20to%20terrorism

Incitement to terrorism

Incitement to terrorism is a category in some national legal systems which may criminalize direct encouragement of acts of violence or praise for proscribed terrorist organizations. It was also prohibited by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1624 in 2005. Overview Legal scholars Daphne Barak-Erez and David Scharia have identified a difference in approach between European and United States laws criminalizing incitement to terrorism; the former tend to focus on the content of the speech and whether it supports terrorist violence, while the latter focuses on whether the speaker is linked to proscribed organizations. The European approach involves explicit limits on freedom of speech, while the United States approach is more indirect. Incitement is an inchoate offense and is punishable even if no causal connection with a terror attack is proven. Merely establishing terrorism as a potential result of the speech is sufficient. One major motivation for criminalizing incitement to terrorism is its potential usefulness as an upstream prevention for deadly terror attacks. Some experts even argue that incitement is a sine qua non for terrorist attacks. International law United Nations Security Council Resolution 1624, unanimously adopted in 2005, is the first international legal instrument which deals with incitement to terrorism. It was prompted by the 2005 London bombings. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1963 authorizes the Counter-Terrorism Committee of the Security Council to monitor the passage of laws criminalizing incitement to terrorism in member states. European law The Council of Europe adopted the Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism, also in 2005, which requires member countries to pass legislation to criminalize the "public provocation to commit a terrorist offence". This does not cover apologia for terrorism. Although the European Convention on Human Rights protects freedom of expression, incitement is not protected. In Zana v. Turkey, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that Mehdi Zana's free speech rights were not violated when he was punished by Turkey for calling PKK, a proscribed terrorist organization, a "national liberation movement". In Leroy v. France, cartoonist Denis Leroy's conviction and fine for glorifying the September 11 attacks under French law was upheld by the ECHR. By country France Article 24 of the Press Law of 1881 criminalizes the incitement and advocacy of terrorism, as well as apologia for terrorism. , the penalty was up to five years imprisonment and/or a fine up to 45,000 euros. Israel Barak-Erez and Scharia identify Israel as belonging to the European tradition, in part because of its legal system's origins in British law. The Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance, enacted in 1948, remains in force, and was for many years the primary provision criminalizing incitement to terrorism. This ordinance empowers the government to designate terrorist organizations and criminalizes being a member of or supporting such a group. Section 4 of the ordinance states that: In Jabareen v. State of Israel, the Supreme Court of Israel found that the Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance applied only to designated terrorist organizations rather than the promotion of acts of violence more generally. Following this case, the Knesset replaced Section 4 with a new section, 144D2, which extends the prohibition to incitement of terrorist actions not connected to terrorist organizations. Spain Article 18.1 of the Spanish Penal Code criminalizes provocation to commit any criminal offense and by extension apologia for criminal offenses. 7/2000 explicitly prohibits, with a penalty of one to two years' imprisonment: United Kingdom The Terrorism Act 2006 created the offence of encouragement to terrorism, which prohibits "a statement that is likely to be understood by some or all of the members of the public to whom it is published as a direct or indirect encouragement or other inducement to them to the commission, preparation or instigation of acts of terrorism or Convention offences." Indirect encouragement statements include "every statement which glorifies the commission or preparation (whether in the past, in the future or generally) of such acts or offences". However, they are only criminalized if the speaker intends to cause others to commit terrorist offences. United States Because of the First Amendment, incitement to terrorism or other forms of crime and unlawful violence is constitutionally protected free speech, unless it can be proven that the speech is "directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action" and "is likely to incite or produce such action". However, in 2010 Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project, the Supreme Court ruled that "a criminal prohibition on advocacy carried out in coordination with, or at the direction of, a foreign terrorist organization is constitutionally permissible". This is because such statements constitute material support for terrorism. Some defendants, including Javed Iqbal, who helped the Hezbollah TV station Al-Manar to broadcast, have been convicted of providing material support for terrorism under United States law. Conflict with free speech Incitement to terrorism offenses are considered by some to be an unjustified infringement of free speech rights, and it is argued that general encouragement of terrorism may be a political statement rather than literal encouragement to commit terrorist offenses. However, some advocates of criminalization, such as Yael Ronen, believe that it is possible and desirable to criminalize a definition of incitement to terrorism which does not excessively infringe freedom of speech.

5762163

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambohorano

Tambohorano

Tambohorano is a rural municipality on the west coast of Madagascar approximately 290 kilometres north-west of the capital Antananarivo. It belongs to the district of Maintirano, which is a part of Melaky Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 8,000 in 2001. Tambohorano is on the West coast of Madagascar, 60 km North of Maintirano. It has a local airport and a maritime harbour. Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 65% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 20% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are wheat, coconuts, cassava and barley. Services provide employment for 5% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 10% of the population. Bodies of water the Mandrozo Lake, the fifth largest lake in Madagascar with a surface of 15,145 ha.

51816080

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orme%20Sargent

Orme Sargent

Sir Harold Orme Garton Sargent (31 October 1884 - 23 October 1962) was a British diplomat and civil servant. Early life and career Sargent was born Giles Orme Sargent; his parents changed his name after they registered his birth. He was educated at Radley College, then in Switzerland, and prepared for the Diplomatic Service. He entered the Foreign Office in 1906. Diplomat Sargent was at the British legation in Berne from 1917 to 1919 when he was posted to Paris with the British delegation to the Paris Peace Conference. "[The ambassadors'] discussions ranged over all the problems of Europe, and gave Sargent a memorable introduction to many of the new influences, hopes and fears occasioned by the disintegration of pre-1914 Europe." He remained in Paris until 1925, when he returned to London and thereafter refused to go abroad again. In 1926, with the rank of counsellor, he was made head of the Foreign Office's Central Department, which covered Italy, Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and the Balkans. When he was promoted to assistant Under-Secretary in 1933 his scope widened to include France, Germany and Poland. "He never had doubts about the significance of Hitler's rise to power in 1933, and he took every opportunity that came his way of emphasizing the reality of the menace. It was no surprise to his colleagues that the public rejoicings over Munich should provoke him to say, 'Anybody would think that we were celebrating a major victory instead of the betrayal of a minor ally.'" Second World War During the Second World War, Sargent was deputy under-secretary, taking charge of the Foreign Office when the Permanent Under-Secretary (head of the Foreign Office), Sir Alexander Cadogan, was away travelling with Anthony Eden, the Foreign Secretary, or Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister. After the war, Sargent succeeded Cadogan as Permanent Under-Secretary in 1946. Postwar Sargent was determined to maintain Britain's status as a world power although it had been economically weakened after the Second World War. In a memorandum issued in August 1945, he wrote, "a feeling that Great Britain is now a secondary Power and can be treated as such... [is a] misconception which it must be our policy to combat". In retirement Sargent lived in Bath. He was a connoisseur of art and furniture and became chairman of the Holburne of Menstrie Museum in Bath. He bequeathed his art collection to the museum.

15078792

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20Speechome%20Project

Human Speechome Project

The Human Speechome Project ("speechome" as an approximate rhyme for "genome") is an effort to closely observe and model the language acquisition of a child over the first three years of life. The project was conducted at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Media Laboratory by the Associate Professor Deb Roy with an array of technology that is used to comprehensively but unobtrusively observe a single child - Roy's own son - with the resulting data being used to create computational models to yield further insight into language acquisition. Detail Most studies of human speech acquisition in children have been done in laboratory settings and with sampling rates of only a couple of hours per week. The need for studies in the more natural setting of the child's home, and at a much higher sampling rate approaching the child's total experience, led to the development of this project concept. A digital network consisting of eleven video cameras, fourteen microphones, and an array of data capture hardware was installed in the home of the subject. A cluster of ten computers and audio samplers is located in the basement of the house to capture the data. Data from the cluster is moved manually to the MIT campus as necessary for storage in a one-million-gigabyte (one-petabyte) storage facility. To provide control of the observation system to the occupants of the house, eight touch-activated displays were wall-mounted throughout the house to allow for stopping and starting video and or audio recording, and also erase any number of minutes permanently from the system. Audio recording was turned off throughout the house at night after the child was asleep. Data was gathered at an average rate of 200 gigabytes per day, necessitating the development of sophisticated data-mining tools to reduce analysis efforts to a manageable level, and transcribing significant speech added a labor-intensive dimension. References External links Deb Roy's MIT home page Article in New Scientist Article in Wired Magazine Language Acquisition, (draft), Steven Pinker of MIT.

10377713

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Treasure%20of%20Alpheus%20Winterborn

The Treasure of Alpheus Winterborn

The Treasure of Alpheus Winterborn is a mystery novel directed at child readers. It was written by John Bellairs and originally published in 1978. The book was illustrated by Judith Gwyn Brown. Adapted for television in 1980. Plot summary Anthony Monday and his family live in Hoosac, Minnesota, in the 1950s and, while not poor, are having financial difficulties. To make matters worse, Anthony's father suffers a series of heart-attacks, keeping him from working and further straining the family's resources. Anthony is desperate to help with expenses and accepts a part-time job from Myra Eells, the elderly librarian of Hoosac Public Library. Working at the library allows Anthony to earn a little money, as well learn more about Alpheus Winterborn, the wealthy and eccentric man who built the library. Rumor has it that Winterborn found something on an archeological dig many years before and hid it for safekeeping in the library, but no one believes the tale to be true. During his chores around the building, Anthony ultimately finds a clue hinting that the treasure does exist and, if clues written by Winterborn himself are followed correctly, they will lead the one to the prize. Anthony knows that finding the treasure will result in money that can help with family finances. But soon Anthony runs afoul of the greedy bank vice-president, Hugo Philpotts, a descendant of the Winterborn family. The two commence dueling searches for the treasure. Eventually, during a fierce storm, Anthony finds the treasure: A golden statue worth hundreds of thousands of dollars. He sells the statue, giving half of the money to Ms. Eells and keeping half for himself.

5237299

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman%3A%20War%20Games

Batman: War Games

"War Games" is a 2004-2005 major storyline comic book story arc published by DC Comics that ran in its Batman family of titles, Detective Comics, Legends of the Dark Knight, Nightwing, Batman: Gotham Knights, Robin, Batgirl, Catwoman, Batman, and Gotham Central. The storyline, which was published from October 2004 until January 2005, was preceded by a prologue that appeared in Batman: The 12 Cent Adventure. Synopsis The plot revolves around a gang war involving all the major criminal groups in Gotham. It starts with one of Batman's most ambitious contingency plans for a possible outbreak of uncontrollable gang violence, Batman developed an elaborate scenario that would unite all of Gotham's underworld under a single crime boss: Matches Malone, who is really an alias of Batman himself. This plan is discovered by Stephanie Brown, who was serving as Batman's sidekick, Robin, at the time, and who was unaware that Malone and Batman were one and the same, believing that he was simply an employee of Batman. When Brown is fired from the Robin position, she attempts to regain Batman's trust and confidence by implementing the contingency plan without Batman's knowledge or participation. Thus, Matches Malone is not present when Brown, having returned to her former identity of Spoiler, assembles the leaders of all of the gangs into one place. The meeting ends disastrously, with numerous crime bosses and henchmen killed (including Lew Moxon, Hellhound, Silver Monkey and NKVDemon III) and all of the gangs in Gotham going to war with one another. In the chaos of the citywide gang war, the crime lord Black Mask seizes control of all the gangs by kidnapping Stephanie and torturing her for the information she possesses, and becomes the most powerful crime lord of Gotham City. Stephanie would seemingly die from her torture at Black Mask's hands, a tragedy for which Batman holds himself responsible. Aftermath Besides the aforementioned death of Stephanie Brown, many other side effects came about from this event. The biggest of these included Black Mask becoming the single crime boss in Gotham, something that would remain until his death at the hands of Catwoman. Another would be Commissioner Akins effectively making all vigilantes criminals, a move that would stay in place for over a year until the return of Commissioner Gordon to the Gotham City Police Department. The more controversial effect, not seen until the follow-up story War Crimes, was turning Doctor Leslie Thompkins against Batman, when she allows Stephanie Brown to die from her wounds as Batman's "punishment" for including children in his war on crime. Jason Todd, a former Robin, confirmed to be alive on Batman: Under the Hood as a violent vigilante the Red Hood who waged a one-man war against Black Mask and successfully crippling his criminal operation in the city before seeking revenge towards Batman and the Joker. Finally, the citizens of Gotham City no longer consider Batman to be an urban legend (which has been in place since Zero Hour), as he was caught on camera trying to save the life of a wounded student at the end of Act One. Additionally, Barbara Gordon lost the clock tower that served as her home and headquarters and left Gotham City, eventually moving to Metropolis. She would later re-establish her ties to Batman. Stephanie's death at the hands of the Black Mask and Dr. Thompkins would also lead to the mystery of her later appearances in the pages of Gotham Underground and Robin as a mysterious female vigilante wearing the Spoiler costume later unmasked to be Stephanie herself. In Robin #174, Stephanie's death has been retconned by writer Chuck Dixon as Dr. Thompkins switched her body with a deceased victim who has a similar body type, as Dr. Thompkins actually did treat her in secret. Planned death of Stephanie At the 2011 Auckland Writers and Readers Festival, former Batgirl writer Dylan Horrocks said that the writers were told by editorial that the crossover would be "involve some kind of gang war in Gotham" and involve Stephanie's death. Her debut as Robin was, according to her story, "purely as a trick to play on the readers, that we would fool them into thinking that the big event [War Games] was that Stephanie Brown would become Robin but we knew all along it was a temporary thing, and she was then going to die at the end of this crossover story". Both Horrocks and Nightwing writer Devin Grayson opposed the move during planning, to the extent that Horrocks deliberately kept Batgirl out of several key events in the story. Reading order War Drums: Detective Comics #790-796 Robin (vol. 4) #126-128 Batgirl #53 Solo #10 Act One - Outbreak: Prelude: Batman: The 12 Cent Adventure #1 Part 1: Detective Comics #797 Part 2: Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #182 Part 3: Nightwing #96 Part 4: Batman: Gotham Knights #56 Part 5: Robin (vol. 4) #129 Part 6: Batgirl #55 Part 7: Catwoman (vol. 3) #34 Part 8: Batman #631 Act Two - Tides: Part 1: Detective Comics #798 Part 2: Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #183 Part 3: Nightwing #97 Part 4: Batman: Gotham Knights #57 Part 5: Robin (vol. 4) #130 Part 6: Batgirl #56 Part 7: Catwoman (vol. 3) #35 Part 8: Batman #632 Act Three - Endgame: Part 1: Detective Comics #799 Part 2: Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #184 Part 3: Nightwing #98 Part 4: Robin (vol. 4) #131 Part 5: Batman: Gotham Knights #58 Part 6: Batgirl #57 Part 7: Catwoman (vol. 3) #36 Part 8: Batman #633 Epilogue: Detective Comics #800 Epilogue: Batman #634 Modern releases Starting in November 2015, DC began to release new editions of the War Games arc, with the first volume composed of the issues from the original release mixed in with the issues that were originally used for the prequel "collected edition", Batman: War Drums, as well as a brief story from the Solo series by Damion Scott about Stephanie Brown as Robin and the issues Robin #121 and Batgirl #53, which were not part of the original release. The second and final volume which was released in May 2016 contained the rest, which was the issues originally used for the second and third volumes of the original release, combined with the ones from the post-story "collected edition", Batman: War Crimes and Batman #642, which was not part of the original trade paperback release.

987790

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearskin

Bearskin

A bearskin is a tall fur cap, usually worn as part of a ceremonial military uniform. Traditionally, the bearskin was the headgear of grenadiers, and remains in use by grenadier and guards regiments in various armies. Bearskins should not be confused with other types of fur military headdresses, notably the smaller busby. History The cloth caps worn by the original grenadiers in European armies during the seventeenth century were frequently trimmed with fur. The earliest record of a bearskin cap being worn by soldiers in Europe was during the mid-17th century. The practice fell into disuse until the second half of the eighteenth century, when grenadiers in the British, Spanish, and French armies began wearing high fur hats with cloth tops, and, sometimes, ornamental front plates. Imitating their Prussian counterparts, French grenadiers are described as wearing bearskins as early as 1761. The purpose appears to have been to add to the apparent height and impressive appearance of these troops both on the parade ground and the battlefield. During the nineteenth century, the expense of bearskin caps, and difficulty of maintaining them in good condition on active service led to this form of headdress becoming generally limited to guardsmen, bands, or other units having a ceremonial role. The British Foot Guards and Royal Scots Greys did however wear bearskins in battle during the Crimean War, and on peacetime manoeuvres until the introduction of khaki service dress in 1902. Immediately prior to the outbreak of World War I in 1914, bearskins were still worn by guard, ceremonial palace, or other units in the British, Belgian, Danish, Dutch, Imperial German, Russian, and Swedish armies. The Italian Sardinian Grenadiers had discarded bearskins in the nineteenth century, but were to readopt them for limited ceremonial wear in modern times. In 1970, the Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City retired the use of its bearskin, with the unit's ceremonial uniform being taken out of service in 1970, after Pope Paul VI demilitarised the gendarmerie and reorganized law enforcement under the Central Security Office (later reverting its name to the Corps of Gendarmerie in 2002). Before its retirement, the bearskin was worn by select members of the corps, and included a red plume. On an unusually warm June day in London in 2023, three British soldiers of the Bands of the Household Division (United Kingdom) fainted during a rehearsal in full dress, wearing woolen uniform and bearskin, leading a NY Times commentator to question the sense of "soldiering on in our old, wrong clothes" in the light of climate change. Contemporary use As of 2020, there were 14 countries whose militaries used bearskin as a part of their ceremonial uniforms. Italy and Sweden are the only two countries that use bearskins made out of synthetic materials instead of real fur. Australia Presently, the Pipes and Drums Band of the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment is authorised to wear a bearskin cap as a part of its ceremonial dress. Belgium Two units in Belgium presently use the bearskin cap, the Belgian Royal Escort (since 1938), of the Belgian Federal Police; and the Regiment Carabiniers Prins Boudewijn - Grenadiers of the Belgian Armed Forces Land Component. Until 1914, bearskins were worn in parade uniform by the 'Regiment des Grenadiers' of the Belgian Army. Bearskins were used in peacetime manoeuvres until around 1900, the bearskins were left in barracks upon mobilisation in August 1914, and German troops occupying Brussels reportedly took many as souvenirs. The Regiment of Grenadiers' modern successor, the Regiment Carabiniers Prins Boudewijn - Grenadiers has readopted this headdress for limited ceremonial purposes. In addition to military units, the bearskin cap is also used by the Belgian Royal Escorts, a civilian police unit. Accompanying the monarch on ceremonial occasions, the duties of the escort unit were previously held by the Gendarmerie, a paramilitary unit of the Belgian Armed Forces that was disbanded in 1992. The present Royal Escort Unit wears the pre-1914 full dress uniform of the defunct Gendarmerie, including its bearskin cap. Canada The bearskin caps used by the Canadian Armed Forces are of black fur and include a coloured plume on the side of the bearskin and a gold-coloured chin strap. The Canadian Forces Dress Instructions authorise the use of bearskins for all its foot guards and fusilier regiments. In addition to foot guards and fusiliers, two line infantry regiments are also authorised to wear a bearskin cap with their ceremonial full-dress uniform: the Royal 22e Regiment (R22eR) and the Royal Regiment of Canada (RRegtC). Usage of the bearskin cap by the R22eR is attributed to its historical regimental alliance with the British Army's Royal Welch Fusiliers, while the use of bearskins by the RRegtC is attributed to the regiment's historical lineage from The Royal Grenadiers of the Canadian Militia. Bearskins used by fusilier regiments and the R22eR have their unit's cap badge at the front of the bearskin, while those of foot guards and the RRegtC do not have cap badges. The following is a list of regiments whose members are authorised to wear a bearskin cap with their full dress uniform, along with the colour used on the unit's plume: The Royal 22e Regiment, scarlet plume The Governor General's Foot Guards, scarlet plume The Canadian Grenadier Guards, white plume The Royal Regiment of Canada, scarlet over white plume Les Fusiliers du St-Laurent, white plume Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal, white plume The Princess Louise Fusiliers, grey plume Les Fusiliers de Sherbrooke, white plume Additionally, the military band of a unit that is authorised to wear the bearskin cap is also allowed to wear it as a part of their ceremonial uniform. These bands include The Band of The Royal Regiment of Canada, La Musique du Royal 22e Regiment, and the Governor General's Foot Guards Band. In addition to these units, the drum major of the Royal Highland Fusiliers of Canada Band are also authorised to wear the bearskin. Denmark Bearskins were introduced to make guardsmen appear taller and more intimidating. The headgear was first adopted by the guard in 1805. Bearskins remain in use as a part of the Royal Danish Army's Royal Life Guards' full dress uniform. The Royal Life Guards are foot guards whose duties includes providing the guard for the Danish monarchy. Italy Two units within the Italian Army's Granatieri di Sardegna Mechanised Brigade use the bearskin cap as a part of its ceremonial uniform, the 1st Granatieri di Sardegna Regiment, and the 8th Cavalry Regiment Lancieri di Montebello. As opposed to real bearskin, the bearskin caps of both regiments uses artificial fur. Kenya Bearskins are used by members of the Kenya Army Band of the Kenya Defence Forces as a part of their ceremonial uniform. Netherlands One unit of the Royal Netherlands Army uses the bearskin cap as a part of its ceremonial uniform, the Grenadiers' and Rifles Guard Regiment. Spain One company of the 1st King's Immemorial Infantry Regiment, which during ceremonies, is authorised to wear grenadier uniforms of the Charles III period, uses bearskins. Sri Lanka Presently the military band of the Sri Lanka Artillery uses the bearskin cap as a part of its ceremonial uniform. Sweden Presently, the grenadier company of the Swedish Army's Life Guards wears a bearskin cap as a part of its ceremonial uniform. The bearskin is made out of nylon as opposed to real bearskin. Usage of the bearskin by the Life Guards originates with its predecessor unit, Svea Life Guards. The unit was eventually merged with the Swedish Life Guard Dragoons in 2000 to form the present Life Guards unit. Usage of the bearskin with the Svea Life Guards dates back to 1823, when Alexander I of Russia presented Charles XIV of Sweden a bearskin cap as a gift to be used by the Svea Life Guards. United Kingdom In 1768, the long cloth caps worn by grenadiers were discontinued, and bearskin caps introduced. Following the Battle of Waterloo, all members of the newly named Grenadier Guards were permitted to wear the bearskin. This privilege had previously been restricted to the grenadier company of the regiment. In 1831, this distinction was extended to the other two regiments of foot guards (Coldstream and Scots) in existence at that date. Bearskins were subsequently adopted by the Irish Guards and the Welsh Guards when raised in 1900 and 1915 respectively. The following units and their bands have the bearskin cap as part of their full dress: Grenadier Guards Coldstream Guards Scots Guards Irish Guards Welsh Guards Royal Scots Dragoon Guards Honourable Artillery Company Along with these units, officers of fusilier regiments are also authorised to wear the bearskin as part of their ceremonial uniform. The standard bearskin for the British foot guards is tall at the front, to the rear, weighs , and is made from the fur of the Canadian black bear. However, an officer's bearskin is made from the fur of the Canadian brown bear, as the female brown bear has thicker, fuller fur; officers' caps are dyed black. An entire skin is used for each head-dress. The British Army purchase the caps from a British hatmaker which sources its pelts at an international auction. The hatmakers purchase between 50 and 100 black bear skins each year at a cost of about PS650 each. If properly maintained, the caps last for decades. Opposition On 3 August 1888, The New York Times reported that bearskin caps might be phased out because of a shortage of bear skins. The article stated that, at that time, bearskin hats cost PS7-5s each (about 35 contemporary US dollars; PS600 in 2007 pounds) and noted "it can readily be seen what a price has to be paid for keeping up a custom which is rather old, it is true, but is practically a useless one save for the purpose of military display." In 1997, Minister for Defence Procurement Lord Gilbert said that he wanted to see bearskins phased out as soon as possible due to ethical concerns, but no replacement was available at that time. In 2005, the Ministry of Defence began a two-year test of artificial fur for the hats. The army has already replaced beaverskin caps and leopard skins, worn by some of its soldiers, with artificial materials. In March 2005, Labour MP Chris Mullin called for an immediate ban on bearskins stating that they "have no military significance and involve unnecessary cruelty." Animal rights group People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) has protested against the continued use of real fur for the guards' bearskin caps, alleging that the animals are killed cruelly. For several years, PETA members have held demonstrations, including one at St Peter's Hill, near St Paul's Cathedral, in 2006. PETA wants the fur caps to be replaced with synthetic materials, and claims that the Ministry of Defence has not done enough to find alternatives. In February 2011, Joss Stone appeared in a PETA advert targeting the Ministry of Defence, showing the 23-year-old soul singer holding a teddy bear that covers her naked body, and features the slogan 'Bear Hugs, Not Bear Caps'. United States Presently one military unit in the United States uses a bearskin cap as a part of their ceremonial uniform, the Second Company Governor's Foot Guard of the Connecticut State Guard, a state defence force. In addition to the Governor's Guard, bearskin caps are also worn by the drum majors of various United States Armed Forces military bands. Bands whose drum majors are authorised to wear the bearskin cap include the United States Air Force Band, the United States Army Band, United States Army Field Band, United States Coast Guard Band, United States Marine Band, the United States Navy Band, bands of the service academies, and a variety of other divisional and fleet bands. In addition to military units, a number of civilian marching bands also adorn their drum majors with these headpieces as opposed to their synthetic counterparts. University marching bands which were established through military means typically follow this style of dress for their drum majors. There are also several secondary school bands that use real bearskin hats. Uruguay The Uruguayan Army's Company of Sappers of 1837 uses the bearskin cap as a part of its ceremonial uniform as the guard of honour company of the Uruguayan Supreme Court. Similar headgear Other furred caps A busby is a military headdress made of fur that appears similar to a bearskin cap. Busbies are used by a variety of hussar and artillery units. Busbies are used by hussar regiments of the Royal Netherlands Army. Busbies are also used as the full-dress headgear for the British Army's Royal Horse Artillery and hussar regiments. Similarly, the Canadian Army uses the busby as its full-dress headgear for artillery, hussar and rifle regiments. In addition to hussar and artillery regiments, the First Company of the First Company Governor's Foot Guard of the Connecticut State Militia also include a bearskin (known as a "busby") as a part of their ceremonial uniform. A sealskin cap is another furred cap similar to the bearskin cap, that is worn by the British Army's Royal Regiment of Fusiliers. Pith helmet A number of units within the King's Guard of the Royal Thai Armed Forces wear a pith helmet with heavy plumes, making it broadly resemble a bearskin cap. The pith helmets are used with the unit's ceremonial full dress uniform, for occasions including the Thai Royal Guards parade held every year in December, royal coronations, funerals, and anniversaries. The colours of the plumes vary from black to pink and blue, depending on the units of the wearers, similar to the uniform facings in the Commonwealth. The majority of the units entitled to wear these headdresses are from the Army and Air Force, with two Royal Thai Marine Corps battalions also maintaining this privilege. In addition, the Royal Security Command's two guards regiments wear the pith helmet with black plumes in their full dress.

59786270

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted%20Mann%20%28journalist%29

Ted Mann (journalist)

Ted Mann was the transportation reporter for the Greater New York section of The Wall Street Journal and is credited with breaking the story on Bridgegate. In 2019, he was working in the Journal's Washington bureau. Education Mann graduated from New York University in 2002 with a B.A. in English and American literature. Career He worked for more than seven years as a political correspondent and enterprise reporter at The Day of New London. Awards He's won two first place awards from the New England Associated Press News Executives Association (2010 for his coverage of a visit to Cuba by the American ship Amistad and 2008, NEAPNEA awarded him first-place for continuing coverage of the presidential primary contests in Iowa, New Hampshire and Connecticut). Bibliography Lights Out: Pride, Delusion, and the Fall of General Electric, Thomas Gryta and Ted Mann (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2020).

45146256

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate%20resistance%20to%20HIV

Innate resistance to HIV

A small proportion of humans show partial or apparently complete innate resistance to HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The main mechanism is a mutation of the gene encoding CCR5, which acts as a co-receptor for HIV. It is estimated that the proportion of people with some form of resistance to HIV is under 10%. History In 1994, Stephen Crohn became the first person discovered to be completely resistant to HIV in all tests performed despite having partners infected by the virus. Crohn's resistance was a result of the absence of a receptor, which prevent the HIV from infecting CD4 present on the exterior of the white blood cells. The absence of such receptors, or rather the shortening of them to the point of being inoperable, is known as the delta 32 mutation. This mutation is linked to groups of people that have been exposed to HIV but remain uninfected such as some offspring of HIV positive mothers, health officials, and sex workers. In early 2000, researchers discovered a small group of sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya, who were estimated to have sexual contact with 60 to 70 HIV positive clients a year without signs of infection. These sex workers were not found to have the delta mutation leading scientists to believe other factors could create a genetic resistance to HIV. Researchers from Public Health Agency of Canada have identified 15 proteins unique to those virus-free sex workers. Later, however, some sex workers were discovered to have contracted the virus, leading Oxford University researcher Sarah Rowland-Jones to believe continual exposure is a requirement for maintaining immunity. CCR5 deletion C-C chemokine receptor type 5, also known as CCR5 or CD195, is a protein on the surface of white blood cells that is involved in the immune system as it acts as a receptor for chemokines. This is the process by which T cells are attracted to specific tissue and organ targets. Many strains of HIV use CCR5 as a co-receptor to enter and infect host cells. A few individuals carry a mutation known as CCR5-D32 in the CCR5 gene, protecting them against these strains of HIV. In humans, the CCR5 gene that encodes the CCR5 protein is located on the short (p) arm at position 21 on chromosome 3. A cohort study, from June 1981 to October 2016, looked into the correlation between the delta 32 deletion and HIV resistance, and found that homozygous carriers of the delta 32 mutation are resistant to M-tropic strains of HIV-1 infection. Certain populations have inherited the Delta 32 mutation resulting in the genetic deletion of a portion of the CCR5 gene. TNPO3 mutation In 2019, it was discovered that a mutation of TNPO3 that causes type 1F limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD1F) also causes innate resistance to HIV-1. TNP03 was known to be involved into virus transportation into the infected cells. Blood samples from a family affected by LGMD1F showed a resistance to HIV infection. While the CCR5D32 deletion blocks the entry of virus strains that use the CCR5 receptor, the TNPO3 mutation causing LGMD1F blocks the CXCR4 receptor, making it effective on different HIV-1 strains, due to HIV tropism. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) provide a protective reaction against HIV when consistent exposure to the virus is present. The Nairobi sex workers were found to have these CTLs within genital mucus, preventing the spread of HIV within heterosexual transmission. While creating a protective seal, CTLs become ineffective when lapses in HIV exposure occur, which leads to the possibility of CTLs only being an indicator of other genetic resistances towards HIV, such as immunoglobulin A responses within vaginal fluids. African nonhuman primates Chimpanzees in African countries have been found to develop AIDS at a slower rate than humans. This resistance is not due to the primate's ability to control the virus in a manner that is substantially more effective than humans, but rather because of the lack of tissues created within the body that typically progress HIV to AIDS. The chimpanzees also lack CD4 T cells and immune activation that is required for the spread of HIV. Creating genetic resistance While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has slowed the progression of HIV among patients, gene therapy through stem cell research gave resistance to HIV. One method of genetic modification is through the manipulation of hematopoietic stem cells, which replaces HIV genes with engineered particles that attach to chromosomes. Peptides are formed that prevent HIV from fusing to the host cells and therefore stops the infection from spreading. Another method used by the Kiem lab was the release of zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), which identifies specific sections of DNA to cause a break in the double helix. These ZFNs were used to target CCR5 in order to delete the protein, halting the course of the infection. Alternatively to gene therapy, medication such as maraviroc (MVC) is being used to bind with CCR5 particles, blocking the entry of HIV into the cell. While not effective with all types, MVC has been proven to decrease the spread of HIV through monotherapy as well as combination therapy with ARTs. MVC is the only CCR5 binding drug approved for use by the Food and Drug Administration, the European Commission and Health Canada. HIV resistance as an environmental factor While the delta mutation has been observed to prevent HIV in specific populations, it has shown little to no effect between healthy individuals and those who are infected with HIV among Iranian populations. This is attributed to individuals being heterozygous for the mutation, which prevents the delta mutation from effectively prohibiting HIV from entering immune cells.

26092311

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murth%20The%20Man-O-Script

Murth The Man-O-Script

Murth Mossel (Amsterdam, 6 February 1970), also known as Murth The Man O Script, is a Dutch rapper and stand-up comedian. Biography In the early 1990s Murth did his stand-up routines at Comedytrain and Freshwagon. Being involved in the hiphop-scene for years he collaborated on Extince's 1998 Zoete Inval/Zoute Uitval-single among others; in 1999 he made a cameo-appearance in the video for Def Rhymz' "Doekoe". During this period Murth was a VJ at TMF hosting The Pitch; his next job was presenting Paradisolife for NOS; a series of package-concerts made up of individual performances and special collaborations (for example, triphop-outfit Lamb teaming up with jazz-crossover group New Cool Collective). Paradisolife was voted Best Music Programme in 2001. In 2004 he expanded to cartoon-voices; credits include The Thunderbirds. In 2005 Murth performed his debut-theatre-show Niet Vanzelfsprekend (Don't Take It For Granted) at a joint tour with Roue Verveer whose M.A.W. He also made Comedytrain-trips to countries such as Suriname and China; in 2009 his first full-length solo-show Status Aparte premiered. In between his Comedytrain-commitments, Murth continued rapping; he released three albums with rap-collective Flinke Namen; their 2009-single Als Zij Langs Loopt became a top 20-hit. Follow-up Wolken, accompanied by a black 'n white-video in which Murth played a cab-driver, stalled in the bubbling-under charts. He currently tours with his solo-show Eerste Persoonn Enkelvoud. In 2019 he appeared in the drama film Bloody Marie.

8675174

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan%20Foley%20%28filmmaker%29

Brendan Foley (filmmaker)

Brendan Foley is a Northern Irish writer, film producer and director. Career Raised in Belfast, Northern Ireland, he has written feature film and TV series scripts for producers and studios in UK, Hollywood, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Poland, South Africa and Thailand. He wrote and produced the 2005 action-thriller Johnny Was, starring Vinnie Jones, Eriq La Salle and Patrick Bergin. The film won awards including Audience Awards and Best Feature Awards from six film festivals. His most recent work includes Cold Courage, a TV series thriller for Lionsgate, Viaplay and Luminoir shot in Europe in 2019 and The Man Who Died, a series for Elisa-Viaplay. He wrote, produced and directed The Riddle in 2006, starring Jones, Sir Derek Jacobi and Vanessa Redgrave. In September 2007, The Riddle became the world's first feature film to be released as a DVD premiere by a national newspaper. The UK's Mail on Sunday bought UK DVD rights and distributed 2.6 million copies, making the film one of the most widely watched independent films in the UK. During 2006-07, Foley wrote and directed Legend of the Bog, a satirical horror film set in rural Ireland, starring Jones, Jason Barry and Nora Jane Noone. It was released by Lionsgate in the US on DVD in 2009. Foley co-created and was a writer on Shelldon, a children's environmental animated TV series on NBC (2010-12) and Byrdland (five seasons of animated TV series in Asia with GMM Grammy). In 2015, he started developing a new TV detective series for BBC TV, Farmoor (makers of The Fall) and Northern Ireland Screen (UK home of Game of Thrones) and, in 2016, he developed Tunnel Kings, a mini-series on World War II POW 'escape-artists' for CBC and Dream Street, Canada. Foley completed pilot scripts for SOS, a new eco-thriller series by Finnish producers Luminoir, and Kvenland, set in the Dark Ages. Previously he wrote the pilot for drama Dr Feelgood for Monday TV (Denmark). He has written books for US and UK publishers. Under The Wire, a World War II POW escape drama, which he wrote along with its subject, pilot William Ash, was published by Random House, London and St Martin's Press, New York in 2005 and 2006. It became a best-seller, reaching number one on Amazon UK's history and biography charts. In 2018/19 a related TV series was developed as a future miniseries by CBC in Canada and Northern Ireland Screen. Foley's next book, Archerfield, a novel, published in 2015, covers 16,000 years of history in one square mile of Scotland. Cold Courage, described as a Nordic Noir series involving Finnish characters in present-day London made by Finnish producers Luminoir for Lionsgate and Viaplay, shot in London, Dublin, Belgium and Finland in 2019. Actor John Simm told Variety magazine that he was attracted to the series by the quality of the writing and the fact that it was a pan-European thriller. Other He is a member of the Writers Guild (GB), a Fellow of the British Association of Communicators in Business, and was made an honorary life member of the National Union of Journalists in June 2006.

51011392

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darko%20Bjedov

Darko Bjedov

Darko Bjedov (; born 28 March 1989) is a Serbian footballer who plays for Khujand. Club career Born in Knin, Bjedov started his career with Zeleznicar Beograd. Later he played member of several Belgrade clubs, Radnicki, Cukaricki and Mladenovac. He was fully affirmed playing with Timok and Indija in the Serbian First League. After a season with Zeta in the 2015-16 Montenegrin First League, where he was second scorer with 18 goals in 33 matches, Bjedov joined Javor Ivanjica. After he scored 10 goals on 20 Serbian SuperLiga matches during the first half of 2016-17 Serbian SuperLiga season, Bjedov signed two-and-a-half year deal with K.A.A. Gent on 9 January 2017. In February 2018, Bjedov joined Rad, on loan deal from Gent, until the end of the 2017-18 Serbian SuperLiga campaign. On 27 August 2018, Bjedov signed a two-year-deal with Vojvodina. References External sources 1989 births Sportspeople from Knin Living people Serbs of Croatia Serbian men's footballers Men's association football forwards FK Zeleznicar Beograd players FK Radnicki Beograd players FK Radnicki Obrenovac players FK Cukaricki players OFK Mladenovac players FK Timok players FK Indija players FK Zeta players FK Javor Ivanjica players K.A.A.

14508709

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benactyzine

Benactyzine

Benactyzine is an anticholinergic drug that was used in the treatment of clinical depression and anxiety disorders before it was pulled from the U.S. market by the FDA due to serious side effects. Its use for these indications was limited by side effects such as dry mouth and nausea, and at high doses it can cause more severe symptoms such as deliriant and hallucinogenic effects. "Large doses of benactyzine in normal subjects may produce a state resembling the action of mescaline or LSD." Brand names have included: Suavitil, Phebex, Phobex, Cedad, Cevanol, Deprol, Lucidil, Morcain, Nutinal, Parasan. While there was some tentative evidence of effectiveness when combined with meprobamate, with the medication no longer available it is not clinically important. History Benactyzine was brought to market in the US in 1957 by Merck under the tradename, Suavitil.

17837325

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He%20Goes%20to%20Church%20on%20Sunday

He Goes to Church on Sunday

"He Goes to Church on Sunday" is a popular song published in 1907 with lyrics by Vincent Bryan and music by E. Ray Goetz. It was first introduced by Eddie Foy in the Broadway production of the musical comedy The Orchid. The song tells the stories of men who defraud people, but are considered honest because they go to church on Sundays. However, the song doesn't appear to be a criticism of religion, and the tone of the song is humorous and light-hearted. Billy Murray recorded at least three different versions of this song in one year, released on four different labels: Columbia Records, Standard Records, Victor Records, and Edison Records. All four recordings are in the public domain.

4252533

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassie%20Yates

Cassie Yates

Cassandra Yates (born March 2, 1951) is an American actress known for her performances on television. Early years Yates was born and raised in Macon, Georgia. Her mother named her after the character Cassandra portrayed by Betty Field in Kings Row. When Yates was young, her family moved from Atlanta to Dublin, Georgia. After studying art, Yates was a commercial illustrator before she began cutting hair and eventually opened her own beauty shop. Her first contact with acting came through night classes and performances in plays at little theaters. Career Her most high-profile role was probably in Dynasty as Sarah Curtis. Yates also appeared in the 1981 TV version of John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men. She appeared in various television series, including McMillan & Wife; Rich Man, Poor Man Book II; The Bionic Woman; The Streets of San Francisco; Barnaby Jones; Quincy, M.E. ; Vega$; Simon & Simon; Magnum, P.I. ; Hotel; Cagney & Lacey; Thirtysomething and Murder, She Wrote in the 1984 episode "Deadly Lady". In 1978, she starred as Laura Coe, a disc jockey, in the movie FM. She also played roles in two films directed by Sam Peckinpah: Convoy (1978), and The Osterman Weekend (1983). Her other film credits include Rolling Thunder (1977), F.I.S.T. (1978), The Evil (1978), St. Helens (1981) and Unfaithfully Yours (1984).

66322686

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mert%20Naci%20T%C3%BCrker

Mert Naci Türker

Mert Naci Turker (born 16 August 1998) is a Turkish tennis player. Turker has a career high ATP singles ranking of 1076 achieved on 25 June 2018. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 645 achieved on 13 August 2018. Turker has won 1 ITF doubles title on the ITF Men's World Tennis Tour. Turker made his main drew debut at the 2021 Antalya Open in the doubles draw, receiving a wildcard alongside Umut Akkoyun.

11045038

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TexShare

TexShare

The TexShare program is a statewide resource-sharing consortium of hundreds of member libraries in Texas, United States administered by the Texas State Library and Archives Commission (TSLAC). The TexShare program maximizes the effectiveness of library expenditures by enabling member libraries to share staff expertise, share materials electronic and print formats, pursue joint purchasing agreements on electronic databases, and encourage the cooperative development of Texas libraries statewide. TexShare is made up of Texas academic libraries, public libraries, and libraries of clinical medicine. TexShare is a member driven consortium that exists with the support and cooperation of Texas member libraries. History The idea of a statewide resource sharing project in Texas was first proposed by Texas academic library directors in 1988. The original group of TexShare members consisted of 53 publicly supported four year academic and medical libraries, with the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board providing funds starting in fiscal year 1994. The beginning years of TexShare were devoted to planning and starting cooperative resource sharing initiatives such as funding for Internet connectivity and interlibrary loan workstations, creating protocols, leveraging costs for online resources, fostering a statewide library card program, and offering grants. Administrative duties were contracted out to Amigos Library Services and the University of Texas at Austin. Between 1997 and 1999, legislative statute expanded TexShare membership to include independent academic institutions, community colleges, and public libraries. In 1999 the Texas State Library and Archives Commission assumed full administrative responsibility for TexShare, with Amigos and University of Texas at Austin continuing to provide vital logistical and technical support as Strategic Partners. Legislative statute again expanded TexShare membership in 2001 to include libraries of clinical medicine, and in 2005, another legislative statute granted the Texas State Library and Archives Commission authority to negotiate group purchasing agreements on behalf of Texas K-12 public school libraries. Governance The TexShare Advisory Board provides administrative guidance, and is composed of representatives from community colleges, private universities, publicly funded academic institutions, public libraries, and two representatives of the general public. TexShare Working Groups provide member input on the policies and operations of each TexShare program. The working groups are composed of librarians chosen to represent the various constituent groups and geographic diversity within TexShare. Programs Two of the current programs of TexShare available through Texas libraries are: TexShare Databases - Registered users of Texas libraries have these online research tools available to them both inside the library and 24-hour-a-day access outside the library in their homes or offices. The TexShare online resources provide full-text articles from journals, newspapers, magazines, and many other sources, on-line books, and topics such as homework help for students, health information, business information, biography and genealogy, as well as literature and archival information. Library users can access these online resources a variety of ways, either through library specific interfaces or through the Library of Texas interface. TexShare Card - Eligible registered users of Texas libraries obtain this card to check out books and other physical materials from the collections of TexShare member libraries across the State of Texas. Each library creates individual lending policies as guidelines for TexShare Card owners. Greater access to collections statewide is a major benefit to the user. TexShare works closely with other programs offered by the Texas State Library and Archives Commission, including the TexQuest Program for K-12 public and open enrollment schools, statewide Inter-library Loan program, grants programs (particularly the signature TexTreasures Grant), and the E-Read Texas e-books program. TexShare is a member of the International Coalition of Library Consortia.

24400398

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Rodgers%20%28gridiron%20football%29

James Rodgers (gridiron football)

James Rodgers Jr. (born December 20, 1988) is an American football coach and former wide receiver who is the wide receivers coach for the New Jersey Generals of the United States Football League (USFL). He signed with the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent following the 2012 NFL Draft. He played college football for Oregon State University. He has also played for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL). As a coach, he served as the outside linebackers coach for the San Antonio Commanders of the Alliance of American Football in 2019. High school career Rodgers attended Lamar Consolidated High School in Richmond, Texas, where he played wide receiver and free safety. He was the 2005 and 2006 District MVP and First-team All-State. He was also a star basketball and track athlete. College career Rodgers attended Oregon State University where he majored in speech communication and minored in ethnic studies. As a freshman in 2007, Rodgers appeared in 13 games, recording 50 rushes for 586 yards, and three touchdowns. He also recorded 19 receptions for 208 yards and one touchdown. He also returned five kickoffs for 122 yards. In 2008, as a sophomore, he appeared in start 12 games. He recorded 46 carries for 408 yards, and five touchdowns. He also recorded 51 receptions for 607 yards, and four touchdowns. He also recorded 33 kickoff returns for 818 yards, and one touchdown. He was named the First-team All-conference as a kick returner. As a junior in 2009, he started 13 games. He recorded 58 carries for 346 yards and one touchdown. He also recorded 91 receptions for 1,034 yards and nine touchdowns. He also recorded 36 kick returns for 840 yards as well as 13 punt returns for 151 yards. In 2010 as a senior, he started four games. He recorded eight carries for 38 yards. He also recorded 16 receptions for 215 yards, and two touchdowns. He also recorded 12 kickoff returns for 344 yards as well as six punt returns for 110 yards, and one touchdown. On October 9, 2010, he suffered a knee injury that ended his season, allowing him to receive a medical redshirt. He returned in 2011, as a redshirt senior and started nine games. He recorded 11 carries for 75 yards. He also recorded 45 receptions for 514 yards and three touchdowns. In his career at Oregon State, Rodgers set the Oregon State career record with 6,377 all-purpose yards. He was also the first player in school history to record 1,000 yards rushing and 2,000 yards receiving for his career. He also finished his career second on the school's list for career kick return yardage (2,124). He finished third in school history with 19 touchdown receptions. He finished sixth all-time in school history in punt return average (13.7). Recorded 41 consecutive games with a pass reception. He finished fourth in school history in career receiving yards (2,582). He also finished second on the school's all-time career receptions list (222). College statistics Track and field Rodgers was also a track star at Oregon State. He competed in the 100 meters and the 200 meters, posting personal bests of 10.33 seconds and 22.05 seconds. Personal bests Professional career 2012 NFL Combine Atlanta Falcons After going undrafted in the 2012 NFL Draft, Rodgers signed with the Atlanta Falcons on April 30, 2012. He was released August 31, 2012. On September 12, he was signed to the Falcons' practice squad, where he spent the entire season. Before the start of the 2013 season, Rodgers was waived again, but he was re-signed to the practice squad. Montreal Alouettes Rodgers was signed to the Montreal Alouettes' practice roster on August 6, 2014. In 2014, he appeared in 10 games. He recorded seven receptions for 88 yards and one touchdown. He recorded 12 carries for 60 yards and one touchdown. He also recorded 11 kickoff returns for 206 yards, as well as 58 punt returns for 467 yards, and one touchdown. Coaching career Nebraska In August 2016, Rodgers joined the University of Nebraska athletic department as a graduate manager and player personnel intern. San Antonio Commanders (AAF) In 2018, he became the running backs coach for his former college coach, Mike Riley, and the San Antonio Commanders of the Alliance of American Football. Shortly after being hired, he was switched to be the outside linebackers coach. New Jersey Generals (USFL) In March of 2022, Rodgers reunited with Riley when he joined his staff as the wide receivers coach for the New Jersey Generals of the USFL. Personal Rodgers is the son of Tasha Williams and James Rodgers, Sr. He is also the nephew of retired safety Michael Lewis. He also has three siblings, including Jacquizz Rodgers, a former NFL running back, who he was also teammates with during his tenure at Oregon State.

2461624

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momin%20Prohod

Momin Prohod

Momin Prohod ( ) is a health resort and spa located in western Bulgaria. It is part of the Kostenets Municipality in the Sofia Province, about from the city of Sofia. Geographically, it is located in the Southwest part of Sredna Gora mountain. In 2006, it obtained administrative autonomy and the status of town (grad). The resort is an important therapeutic and rehabilitation center. The water of Momin Prohod is second to that of the Narechenski Bani spa in its radioactivity, third in Europe, and 25th in the world. Info Average annual temperature - + 10,5o S. Mineral water - hyperthermal 65 to 68o S, weakly mineral, sulphate-sodium, moderately fluoric.

30601767

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%20%28TV%20channel%29

U (TV channel)

U was an interactive youth-oriented New Zealand television channel, owned and operated by TVNZ. The channel launched on 13 March 2011, and featured reality programming, as well as an interactive live show and music content. It replaced the now defunct TVNZ 6. Leading up to the launch of U, there were 13 days' worth of promotional videos and programming information aired to advertise the new channel. Initially, U closed down every night at midnight, playing the Goodnight Kiwi animation to signal the end of nightly broadcast. During its closedown period of 12-midnight to 12-noon, the channel looped a video of non-stop dancing with text reading U 'returns at midday'. From February 2012, the channel began broadcasting infomercials from midnight until midday, except on Saturday and Sunday mornings, when it is illegal to broadcast adverts. On Saturday and Sunday, the channel closes down as usual, with infomercials played until 6am, a graphic is displayed from 6am until midday, and then the broadcast 'returns at midday'. In April 2013, the channel launched U Late, a late night version of its flagship programme U Live, but without the music videos. It was described as late night antics and chat, live and interactive every evening. On 29 July 2013, TVNZ announced that U would cease broadcast on 31 August 2013, after two years since the channel launch. Pre-launch In preparation of the launch of U, TVNZ established a Facebook page for their new channel, giving fans information and offering one person the chance to schedule a selected segment of programming on the new channel for a month (known as U TV). On the evening of 28 February 2011, TVNZ 6 was officially shut down, allowing TVNZ to air promotional material for the new channel. At 3 pm on 9 March 2011, TVNZ activated its U Live application on Facebook, which, upon the launch of the channel, would allow users to share content and have it displayed as part of the U Live TV show. Launch U was launched on 13 March 2011 at 4 pm on Freeview channel 6 and Sky channel 16. The first program to air was U Live. Closure TVNZ closed U on 31 August 2013 at 7 pm after two years running at a loss. TVNZ announced that time-shift channel TV2+1 would launch to replace the channel on 1 September 2013 at 7 am. The final show to screen on U was U Live with the entire crew giving a farewell message, the final song to play on U Live was "2 Times" by Ann Lee. After the end credits for U Live, a message was displayed on the U channel advising viewers of the new channel number for TV One +1 and TV2+1 (now TVNZ 1 +1 and TVNZ 2 +1 respectively). The channel numbers vary for viewers of Sky, Freeview and Igloo. U Live The flagship show of U was U Live, a live show which aired 4pm - 7pm daily. The show featured music, interviews, and other general interest content. Viewers were invited to participate via a Facebook application, where they could vote in polls, take part in discussions, and view the show via a live commercial and graphic free stream. Comments and polls were then selected and displayed on screen during broadcast. U Live was hosted by Rose Matafeo, Connor Nestor, Matt Gibb, Eli Matthewson and former George FM breakfast host Kirsteen MacKenzie. U Live drew many parallels to TVNZ's rival network MediaWorks' youth-oriented show Four Live, which aired on FOUR. U's themed nights U had themed programming for the different days of the week, with each theme having a distinctive title. Selected programming available on each night is listed below.

38394488

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan%20Al%20Jaber

Sultan Al Jaber

Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, (, born August 31, 1973) is the Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology of the United Arab Emirates, managing director and group CEO of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC Group), and chairman of Masdar. He is the United Arab Emirates' special envoy for climate change, and the President-Designate of the upcoming COP28 climate talks. His appointment as head of the COP28 climate talks was strongly criticized by environmentalists due to his track record at ADNOC. As head of ADNOC, Al Jaber has overseen a substantial expansion of gas and oil production at the same time that fossil fuel industries are under pressure to reduce output in order to mitigate climate change. Early life and education A native of the United Arab Emirates, Al Jaber was born on 31 August 1973 in Umm Al Quwain, UAE. He holds a BSc in Chemical Engineering from the University of Southern California, a PhD in business and economics from Coventry University, and an MBA from the California State University at Los Angeles. His education in the United States was financed by a scholarship provided by the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC). Business career Masdar Al Jaber was the founding CEO of Masdar, beginning in 2006, and was appointed the chairman in March 2014. Under his leadership Masdar expanded its investment in renewable energy to diversify the country's dependency on oil and gain diplomatic clout. By end of 2022, Masdar had invested in 40 countries. Under his chairmanship Masdar underwent a restructuring that brought in TAQA, ADNOC and Mubadala as shareholders in 2022. Abu Dhabi National Oil Company Al Jaber began his career as an engineer at ADNOC. He was appointed as the CEO of Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) on 15 February 2016. Since then Al Jaber has publicly listed several ADNOC businesses, while also attracting some $26 billion in international investment from companies such as BlackRock, Eni, and KKR. In February 2019 Al Jaber signed a $4 billion agreement with BlackRock and KKR to invest in the development of midstream oil pipeline infrastructure. A consortium of six companies signed an agreement in July 2020 to invest $20.7 billion in ADNOC infrastructure assets. It was the single-largest energy infrastructure investment ever in the Middle East, and the largest in the world for 2020 at the time. Al Jaber led the first IPO of an ADNOC business, ADNOC Distribution (ADNOCDIS:UH) in 2017. As head of ADNOC, Al Jaber has sought to increase ADNOC's output of crude oil from 3 million barrels of oil a day in 2016 to 5 million by 2030. The New York Times noted that ADNOC was one of few oil companies still making large investments in raising production in 2021. Financial Times wrote that Al Jaber's attempts to increase oil output was "particularly stark" given that he holds the role of climate tsar in the UAE and given that fossil fuel industries are under pressure to reduce output in order to mitigate climate change. Financial Times wrote in 2023 that ADNOC was set to invest $150 billion in expanding its oil and gas production while only setting aside $15 billion for low-carbon expansion over a longer period. Al Jaber has positioned himself as an environmental advocate. Under Al Jaber, ADNOC has invested in carbon capture and green hydrogen projects, while also committing to power its operations with renewable energy sources. However, critics say these investments pale in comparison to Al Jaber's expansion of gas and oil production and are part of a greenwashing campaign. Stanley Reed, an energy journalist for the New York Times, commented that these announcements were in part "image-burnishing", and that while Abu Dhabi's government sought to diversify its economy, it also aimed to maintain a significant future market for its oil reserves. Board positions Al Jaber is the ADNOC group chief executive, and a member of the Abu Dhabi Supreme Council for Financial and Economic Affairs. He is chairman of the Emirates Development Bank, and the board of trustees of the Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence. He has previously been chairman of the board for the Abu Dhabi Ports, from 2009 until 2019, the Abu Dhabi Media Investment Corporation (ADMIC), and Sky News Arabia. COP28 Presidency In January of 2023, Al Jaber was named president of the COP28 climate conference in Dubai. United Arab Emirates government minister On 12 March 2013, Al Jaber was named Minister of State and joined the United Arab Emirates Council of Ministers. He held the position until July 2020, when he was appointed as Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology. In November of the same year, he was appointed as the special envoy for climate change to represent the UAE in all international forums on this issue. Energy and climate change In 2009, Al Jaber was appointed by United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon to his Advisory Group on Energy and Climate Change (AGECC). In the same year, as CEO of Masdar, he helped bring the headquarters of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) to the UAE. Al Jaber has advocated for a global approach to addressing climate change at international forums such as the 2022 Munich Security Conference. He has also emphasized the key role national hydrocarbon producers should play in the energy transition, arguing that the least carbon-intensive barrels will be required for the foreseeable future. During Al Jaber's tenure as special climate envoy to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNCCC) for the UAE, the organization chose the UAE as the host for the 28th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP28) in 2023. Amnesty International reacted to ADNOC Drilling's plan to expand fossil fuel production and its record profits, comparing them to the appointment of the company's chief executive Sultan al-Jaber as the chair of COP28 climate talks in 2023. Amnesty expressed concerns that the oil company was trying to hijack the conference to serve wider fossil fuel interests, and that the climate conference would discuss ways to deal with climate change while the company he leads causes major harm to the climate with its waste and spills from oil and gas, radioactive material, salts and toxic chemicals and the release of greenhouse gas. US Senator Ed Markey opposed the decision to host the upcoming COP28 global climate conference in the UAE and expressed doubts about the UAE's "sincerity" towards commitment for climate action. Citing Al Jaber's claim that his leadership role will allow him to push the industry to decarbonize, Ed Markey said he doubted if such commitments will be maintained after the conference. Days after Ed Markey's statement, more than 130 US lawmakers and members of the European Parliament called for the removal Sultan Al Jaber as the president-designate of the COP28 climate summit. On 7 June 2023 it was revealed that The United Arab Emirates' state oil company ADNOC, Al Jaber is the head of, was able to read emails to and from the Cop28 climate summit office and was consulted on how to respond to media. French MEP Manon Aubry described the case as an "absolute scandal" comparing it to "having a tobacco multinational overseeing the internal work of the World Health Organization". 2023 greenwashing accusations In May 2023, the British newspaper The Guardian reported that Al Jaber had been accused of attempting to greenwash his image, by members of his team making edits to Wikipedia to portray him favorably as an advocate for green energy, while downplaying his involvement in the fossil fuel industry. Some of these edits included adding a quote that described Al Jaber as an ally to the climate movement and suggesting that editors remove reference to a multibillion-dollar oil pipeline deal he signed in 2019. A Wikipedia user, who disclosed they were being paid by ADNOC, suggested changing the page to say that Al Jaber had simply attracted "international investment" in ADNOC, instead of mentioning the specific agreement with US investment giants BlackRock and KKR for the development of oil pipeline infrastructure. A member of the COP28 team was also reported to have been editing Wikipedia articles, despite having been "strongly discouraged" from doing so by a Wikipedia administrator. The COP28 team did not respond to questions by CNN regarding the allegations. A further Guardian investigation revealed in June 2023 that a large number of fake Twitter and Medium accounts, using stock or AI-generated profile images, have been either promoting and defending the hosting of the UN climate summit by the United Arab Emirates, including reposting UAE government tweets and trying to rebut criticism of Al Jaber's presidency. In August 2023, a report based on leaked documents revealed a list prepared on "touchy and sensitive issues" concerning the UAE. It included the government-approved "strategic messages" to be used as a reply to questions from the media. The questions on Sultan Al Jaber's presidency were to be answered saying, "Dr Sultan's full circle career [in energy, climate and diplomacy] gives him the expertise needed to constructively engage, disrupt, and unite the very sectors needed to achieve meaningful action." Meanwhile, any talk on ADNOC's failure in disclosing its emissions were to be defended saying, "ADNOC is currently conducting necessary studies." The topics of issues mentioned in the list covered both UAE's climate issues and human rights records, including human trafficking and the Yemeni Civil War. Later in the same months, it was revealed that under Al Jaber's leadership, ADNOC's methane leak target had been set to levels considerably higher than those the company had previously reported to the UN. A study by Harvard University claims that the high levels of methane emissions suggest deliberate venting rather than leaks. Honors In 2013 Al Jaber was appointed honorary Commander of the Order of the British Empire. In that year he also received Mauritania's Medal of the National Order of Merit. In 2019, he received the International Lifetime Achievement Award from Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India. Personal life Sultan Al Jaber is married and has four children.

184813

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision%20Song%20Contest%201970

Eurovision Song Contest 1970

The Eurovision Song Contest 1970 was the 15th edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest and took place in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster (NOS), the contest was held at the on 21 March 1970, and was hosted by Dutch television presenter Willy Dobbe. Due to there being four winners in the , a question was raised as to which nation would host the 1970 contest. With having hosted in 1969 and the in , only and the were in consideration. A draw of ballots between these two countries resulted in the Netherlands being chosen as the host country. Twelve countries participated in the contest this year. This was the lowest number of participants since the edition. The reason was that , , , and all boycotted the 1970 edition, officially because they felt that the contest marginalised smaller countries and was no longer good television entertainment, though it is rumoured that this was also in protest of the four-way tie result that had occurred in 1969. The winner of the competition was with the song "All Kinds of Everything", performed by Dana, and written by Derry Lindsay and Jackie Smith. This was Ireland's first of their eventual record seven victories in the contest. The finished in second place for the seventh time, while ended up in third placethe best result for the country at the time. This was also the only time that received nul points. Location The , venue of the 1970 contest, is a semi-permanent exhibit at the Ferdinand Bolstraat to Amsterdam and was opened on 31 October 1922. This building was replaced in 1961 by the current RAI building on Europe's Square. The current congress and event center on Europe Square, was designed by Alexander Bodon and opened on 2 February 1961. Participating countries (who had not taken part in 1969), , , and boycotted this contest as they were not pleased with the result of 1969 and the voting structure. For the first time, no artists from previous contests returned. Format The Dutch producers were forced to pad out the show as only 12 nations decided to make the trip to Amsterdam. The result was a format that has endured almost to the present day. An extended opening sequence (filmed in Amsterdam) set the scene, while every entry was introduced by a short video 'postcard' featuring each of the participating artists, ostensibly in their own nation. However, the 'postcards' for Switzerland, Luxembourg and Monaco were all filmed on location in Paris (as was the French postcard). The long introduction film (over four minutes long) was followed by what probably is one of the shortest ever introductions by any presenter. Willy Dobbe only welcomed the viewers in English, French and Dutch, finishing her introduction after only 24 seconds. On-screen captions introduced each entry, with the song titles listed all in lowercase and the names of the artist and composers/authors all in capitals. The set design was devised by Roland de Groot; a simple design was composed of a number of curved horizontal bars and silver baubles which could be moved in a variety of different ways. To avoid an incident like in 1969, a tie-breaking rule was created. It stated that, if two or more songs gained the same number of votes and were tied for first place, each song would have to be performed again. After which each national jury (other than the juries of the countries concerned) would have a show of hands of which they thought was the best. If the countries tied again, then they would share first place. Contest overview Ireland won the contest with "All Kinds of Everything", penned by Derry Lindsay and Jackie Smith, and sung by another unknown, Dana, an 18-year-old schoolgirl from Derry, Northern Ireland. As the contest was held in the Netherlands this year, and the country was one of the four winners in 1969, Dana received her awards from the Dutch winner Lenny Kuhr. Spokespersons Each country nominated a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing the votes for their respective country via telephone. Known spokespersons at the 1970 contest are listed below. Colin Ward-Lewis Detailed voting results Broadcasts Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers. Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below. In addition to the participating countries, the contest was also reportedly broadcast in Greece, Iceland, Israel and Tunisia, in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Soviet Union via Intervision, and in Brazil and Chile.

60565921

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristian%20Canan

Cristian Canan

Cristian Adrian Canan (born 3 November 1995) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Los Andes. Club career Canan started in the youth ranks of Boca Juniors, prior to signing with Almirante Brown. He made his professional debut for the Primera B Metropolitana team on 21 August 2015, featuring for sixty-four minutes of a 1-0 victory over Atlanta. He made six appearances in each of his first two seasons, prior to appearing over twenty-five times in each of the following two. In the latter, 2017-18, Canan scored his opening senior goals against Comunicaciones and Tristan Suarez respectively. In June 2019, Canan departed Almirante Brown with the intention of playing abroad. However, in the succeeding November, he resigned with the club to replace Luis Arias who suffered a knee-ligament injury. In his first match back, a reserve game with JJ Urquiza, Canan picked up a similar serious injury. In February 2022, Canan joined Los Andes. International career In 2016, Canan represented Argentina at U23 level in India at the Sait Nagjee Trophy.

14449077

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azykh%20Cave

Azykh Cave

Azykh Cave (), also referred to as Azokh Cave (), is a six-cave complex in Azerbaijan, known as a habitation site of prehistoric humans. It is situated near the village of Azykh in the Khojavend District. The cave is an important prehistoric site, which has been occupied by different human groups for a long time. The ancient layers of the Middle Paleolithic have yielded Neanderthal fossil remains that may date from around 300,000 years ago. The discovery of the cave The cave was discovered by the "Palaeolithic Archaeological Expedition" of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences under the leadership of Mammadali Huseynov in 1960 and is considered to be the site of one of the most ancient locations of proto-human presence in Eurasia. A Neanderthal-like jaw bone found in 1968 is assumed to be over 300,000 years old and thus one of the oldest proto-human remains found in Central Asia. Its discovery gave rise to the term Azykh Man. Archaeologists have suggested that the finds from the lowest layers are of a pre-Acheulean culture (730,000 to 1,800,000 years ago), that resembles the Olduwan culture named after Tanzania's Olduvai Gorge in many respects. The poor quality of the 1960s excavation, in which no taphonomic data was collected, led to uncertainties over the chronological sequence of the layers. Excavations resumed in the mid-1990s. In 2002 an international research team headed by Tania King discovered undisturbed entrances to the cave as well as fauna and stone tools. Fossil assemblages recovered from the excavations between 2002 and 2009 found Pleistocene-era remains of bears accumulated as a result of hibernation, but no evidence for simultaneous occupation of the cave by bears and hominins. Other faunal remains, mainly herbivores, had been brought to the cave by hominins, but butchering had taken place somewhere else, not at the rear of the cave where the remains were found. When cave sediments reached close to the cave roof, the cave ceased to be used by hominins. Finally, during the Holocene, the upper sediments were eroded by water, opening up the cave to renewed human use. The cave is now considered to have housed some of the earliest groups of proto-humans in Eurasia. Using uranium isotopes as a speleothem dating method, the minimum date for the formation of the cave, and thus the earliest hominid deposits, have been dated to 1.19 +-0.08 million years. On 24 November 2020, archeological finds in the cave were brought to Baku by the representatives of the Azerbaijani State Security Service and placed in the Archaeological Fund of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of ANAS. Layers Archaeological layers registered in the Azykh Paleolithic Cave during archaeological excavations are as follows: The first layer The first layer is composed of black sediments, sometimes yellow mixed soil. During the archaeological excavations, clay dishes belonging to medieval times were found. During the archaeological excavations carried out in 1962-1965, parts of clay dishes belonging to the Middle Ages, Bronze Age, and Eneolithic period were found. However, during archaeological excavations in subsequent years, the material remains belonging to the Eneolithic period were not registered. The total thickness of the layer was 77-125 cm. The second layer The second layer consists of light-yellowish clay soil. During the archeological investigations, a piece of individual rock and clay dishes were registered inside the layer. Clay dishes have mainly belonged to the medieval, Bronze, and Eneolithic periods. The total thickness of the layer was 90-180 cm. The third layer The third layer consists of gray soil. According to different features, three stratums were identified in the third layer during the archeological excavations conducted between 1973 and 1974: The first stratum The first stratum consists of dark-gray soil. Parts of small rock are also found inside of stratum. For the first time, stone products and hunted animal bones belonging to Mousterian were found in this stratum. The second stratum The second stratum consists of clay soil. Inside the stratum, rock fractures falling from the ceiling of the cave were registered. At the same time, several large rock stones were discovered inside the stratum. The third stratum The third stratum consists of light gray clay rocks where rock fractures were found. The lower part of the stratum consists of yellow soil. During the archeological excavations conducted in 1973 for the first time, 20 tools like axe belonging to Mousterian were found in the lower stratum of the third layer. These were one of the rarest findings of the Mousterian excavations because these tools were characterizing the Acheulean period. The overall thickness of the third stratum was 90-145 cm. The fourth layer The fourth layer consists of dark-brown clay soil. There are small rock fractures on the strata. These fractures are made of stalagmites, stalactites, stalagmitic pieces. No material culture examples from the fourth layer have been registered until the 1973 archaeological excavations. However, during the archeological excavations carried out in 1973, several stone items and hunted animal bones belonging to the last Acheulean were found in the fourth layer. The total thickness of the layer reaches 1-1.2 m. The fifth layer The fifth layer consists of yellow soil. The richest and thickest sediment in the stratigraphy of the Azykh cave is in the fifth layer. During the 1963-1969 and 1971-1986 years according to archeological excavations carried out on the fifth layer, numerous hunted animal bones and 300 pieces of stone were found. In the fifth layer of the Azykh cave, which has the richest stratigraphy within the Greater Caucasus paleolithic caves, fireplaces for cooking, primary building installations, and saved bear skulls were found. In the entire research season, the following smaller stratum were discovered in the fifth layer: The first stratum The first stratum consists of dark-brown clay soil. In addition to archeological findings, rock fractures have also been found. The thickness of the stratum is 30-43 cm. The second stratum The second stratum consists of light-brown clay soil. Stones products and fauna remains were found inside the stratum. The thickness of the stratum was 28-44 cm. The third stratum The third stratum consists of light-yellow clay soil. During the archaeological excavations, plenty of hunted animal bones were found along with stone products. The thickness of the stratum was 48-62 cm. The fourth stratum The fourth stratum consists of dark yellow clay soil. Along with archaeological materials, small rock fractures have also been found in it. The thickness of the stratum reaches 38-44 cm. The fifth stratum The fifth stratum consists of gray-green clay soil. During the research, hunted animal bones were found along with labor tools. The thickness of the stratum was 44-56 cm. The sixth stratum The sixth stratum consists of dark-brown clay soil. During the archaeological excavations, many fauna remains were found along with labor tools. There are rock fractures falling from the ceiling of the cave. The thickness of the stratum was 42-56 cm. The sixth layer The sixth layer consists of gray clay soil. However, in comparison with other layers mentioned above, the sixth layer is rich in quite a lot of gravels and rock stones. More than 3,000 pieces of stone were found here. The thickness of the layer was 55-87 cm. The seventh layer The seventh layer is composed of a light-blue clay layer. In the articles about the Azykh Cave published in 1974 on archaeological excavations indicated that there was no archaeological material remains below the 6th layer. However, during archaeological excavations in sediments of the cave below the 6th layer, in 1974, four archeological layers (7th-10th layers) were registered and material remains were found in these layers. The thickness of the layer was 82-98 cm. The eighth layer The eighth layer is composed of dark-blue clay. During the archaeological excavations, the material remains were discovered inside of the layer. At the same time, single rock pieces falling from the ceiling of the cave were found. The thickness of the base was 90-115 cm. The ninth layer The ninth layer is composed of open-blue clay soil. During the archaeological excavations, culture samples were found inside of the layer. The thickness of the layer was 78-84 cm. The tenth layer The tenth layer is composed of yellow clay soil, relatively with more stone layers. During the archaeological excavations, stone tools were found inside of this layer. The layer is quite hard as it is located on the surface of the rock. The thickness of the layer was 78-83 cm. In the Hague convention The implementing regulations defining the rules for applying the convention and a protocol prohibiting the removal of cultural values from the occupied territories have been adopted In the Hague convention. Another document on the protection of cultural property in the occupied territories was adopted within the framework of the 8th session of the Committee for Cultural Property during the UNESCO's Armed Conflict in Paris in 2012. According to the information of Azerbaijani Foreign Affairs Ministry, discussion of the protection of cultural property at the occupied territories by Committee was initiated by Azerbaijan in 2012 and according to the 2012 decision, to prepare a relevant document for the protection of cultural property, at the territories occupied, was required by the Secretariat. There was the Hague Convention 1954 and its two protocols on the Protection of Cultural Property during armed conflicts, legal analysis of the provisions relating to the occupied territories, the mechanisms for the implementation of those provisions and other aspects in the document prepared by the Secretariat. In the results section of the document, it was noted that the UNESCO technical missions could be sent for monitoring the situation related to the protection of cultural monuments at the territories occupied.

16214281

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Bowditch

Ben Bowditch

Ben Bowditch is an English footballer who played as a midfielder. A Tottenham Hotspur youth product, he went on to play for Colchester United, Barnet and Cambridge City. Career Bowditch started his playing career at Tottenham Hotspur, however due to constant injury they released him from his contract. After his release from Tottenham, Bowditch went to Denmark to play for Akademisk Boldklub in Copenhagen. On returning to England he joined Colchester United but after an injury hit season he was released from his contract. He played for Barnet and left the club after the 2005-06 season. He has represented the English national side at under-16, 17, 19 and 20 levels. In November 2019, he signed a short-term deal to play for non-league Stowmarket Town, scoring on his club debut in the FA Vase. Personal life Bowditch has had a number of injuries during his playing career which hampered him. At the end of his career he started Bows Soccer Academy. His younger brother Dean, played for Milton Keynes Dons, as a striker. References External links 1984 births Living people English men's footballers Men's association football midfielders England men's youth international footballers Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players Akademisk Boldklub players Barnet F.C. players St Albans City F.C. Sudbury players Potters Bar Town F.C.

40939481

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Azhari

Sarah Azhari

Sarah Azhari (born 16 June 1978) is an Indonesian actress, singer and television personality. She is the sister of Indonesian actress Ayu Azhari. Along actress Christine Hakim, she starred in a film directed by Garin Nugroho entitled Daun di Atas Bantal. Her modeling works sparked a wide measure of controversy in Indonesia. Detractors have denounced some of Azhari's photo shoots along with those of Sophia Latjuba as pornographic, though Azhari rejected the accusations and considers her work a form of art. She is often referred as the Indonesian most wanted actress of the 2000s. Biography Azhari was born in Jakarta. Her older sister is Ayu Azhari, one of the most prominent figures of the figures of Cinema of Indonesia. Sarah gained popularity in the mid '90 teen soap opera shows, after Indonesian producer Raam Punjabi decided to cast her in his company Multivision Plus's productions such as "Senja Semakin Merah", "Maafkan Daku Mila Mencintaimu", "Masih Adak Waktu", and "Asmara". The shows were constantly airing on Indonesian television networks and were one of the major forms of entertainment among Indonesians teenage and adults. Her debut on the big screen occurred in 1998, when she appeared in Daun di Atas Bantal (Leaf on a Pillow), directed by Garin Nugroho, alongside actress Christine Hakim. The film became one of the most acclaimed films from Indonesia and was the country's entry for an Academy Award. It was also screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival. In 1999, Azhari accepted Krisdayanti's offer and advice of signing with record label BMG Indonesia and she released her first album Peluk Aku Cium Aku, for which she was nominated for "Most Wanted Female Artist" and "Most Wanted Indonesian Video" at the MTV Southeast Asia awards. Azhari continued working as an actress, model and singer and television personality hosting shows such as live-comedy TV shows on TransTV and SCTV and was a host for 2006 MTV Music Awards. Personal life She was married to Pedro Miguel Carrascalao and had a son named Albany Ray.

63814718

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chung%20Hwa%20Hui

Chung Hwa Hui

Chung Hwa Hui (1928-1942; the 'Chinese Association'), also known as CHH, was a conservative, largely pro-Dutch political organisation and party in the Dutch East Indies (today Indonesia), often criticised as a mouthpiece of the colonial Chinese establishment. The party campaigned for legal equality between the colony's ethnic Chinese subjects and Europeans, and advocated ethnic Chinese political participation in the Dutch colonial state. CHH was led by scions of the 'Cabang Atas' gentry, including its founding president, H. H. Kan, and supported by ethnic Chinese conglomerates, such as the powerful Kian Gwan multinational. The party's close relationship with, and allegiance to, the Dutch colonial state is clearly demonstrated by the fact that CHH was represented in the Volksraad - the embryonic legislature of the Dutch East Indies - all through the party's entire existence from 1928 until 1942. In the study of colonial Chinese-Indonesian politics, CHH is most often contrasted with the so-called Sin Po group, which called for loyalty to the pre-war Republic of China, and the Partai Tionghoa Indonesia (PTI: the 'Chinese-Indonesian Party'), which promoted ethnic Chinese participation in the Indonesian nationalist movement and demanded Indonesian nationality for all Indonesians. History Founded in 1928 after preliminary congresses through 1926 and 1927, CHH was loosely associated with the eponymous Chung Hwa Hui Nederland, a Peranakan student association in the Netherlands, established in 1911 in Leiden. Throughout its existence, CHH was dominated by its founding and only president H. H. Kan, a patrician doyen of the Cabang Atas. Members of the party's founding executive committee consisted of other scions of the Cabang Atas, such as Khouw Kim An, the 5th Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia, Han Tiauw Tjong and Loa Sek Hie, or representatives of ethnic Chinese conglomerates, including , head of Kian Gwan, Asia's largest multinational at the time, and the Semarang business tycoon Thio Thiam Tjong. Due to its elitist leadership, CHH was referred to by critics as the 'Packard Club' after the expensive cars many of its leaders used. The general membership of the political party was drawn largely from Dutch-educated, upper and upper-middle class Peranakan circles. Chung Hwa Hui was loyal to the Dutch East Indies and supported Indies nationality, but campaigned vigorously for legal equality with Europeans for the colony's Chinese subjects. To this end, the party advocated ethnic Chinese participation in colonial Indonesian politics: until the Japanese invasion in 1942, the majority of ethnic Chinese members of the Volksraad were CHH leaders. H. H. Kan articulated in his Dutch maiden speech to the Volksraad in 1918 a position that later came to define CHH: "Our group is very thankful for all the improvements in the position of the Chinese thus far, but entire satisfaction can only come with complete legal equality with Europeans. "[A]lthough the Chinese population group...is still not completely satisfied, a large proportion of this group nevertheless values the steps taken to improve its position in society. "I speak here of that vast majority, the practical and soberly thinking part of this industrious group, who...keeps its cool and fully realizes that the link with the former fatherland does not need to be broken in order to protect its own real interests in the country whose welfare is so closely tied to its own existence. Without having to renounce one's race, without having to be unfaithful to what has been called by an English writer 'the religion of the seed', each must consider it a duty to oneself and towards his fellow inhabitants to give his best for the progress of the country and for the improvement of the people, to whom also the Chinese are thankfully indebted". Despite their conservative reputation, the party's Volksraad members, led by H. H. Kan, voted in favour of the Soetardjo Petition of 1936, widely seen as progressive, which requested Indonesian independence as part of a Dutch commonwealth under the Dutch Monarchy. CHH members in the Volksraad did, however, oppose widening the electoral franchise for elections to the legislature to either more indigenous people (H. H. Kan) or to women (Loa Sek Hie). They maintained an ambiguous, and sometimes dismissive, stance on the emancipation of Indonesia's indigenous population. CHH's cultural outlook was both Peranakan and Dutch, as reflected in the party's two languages of communication: Dutch and Malay. At the same time, the party - which used a Mandarin Chinese name - also valorised the retention of ethnic Chinese heritage and ties to the ancestral land. In keeping with CHH's political commitment to the Dutch East Indies, however, they also promoted the use of Dutch, instead of Chinese or Malay, as the language of instruction for ethnic Chinese education in the country. In the historian Leo Suryadinata's words, the party favoured a 'Peranakan Chinese culture with a Dutch flavour'. Chung Hwa Hui's close identification with the Dutch colonial state drew the criticism of many in the Chinese-Indonesian community and beyond, in particular reformist voices more sympathetic to the Indonesian nationalist movement and indigenous Indonesian emancipation. Sukarno, later first President of Indonesia, mocked the party as the 'yellow Vaderlandsche Club' in reference to an ultra-right wing Dutch colonial organisation of diehard 'imperialists'. In 1932, this dissatisfaction with CHH within the Chinese-Indonesian community resulted in the founding of an opposition, pro-Indonesian party, Partai Tionghoa Indonesia, led by the leftwing newspaper men and progressive activists Liem Koen Hian, Kwee Thiam Tjing, Ong Liang Kok and Ko Kwat Tiong. The new PTI gained the support of parts of lower and middle class Peranakan society, and won a seat in 1935 election to the Volksraad, though without ever challenging CHH's overall majority in the legislature's ethnic Chinese ranks. Even within CHH, nonetheless, the party hierarchy's pro-establishment views were challenged by the Leiden University-educated lawyer Phoa Liong Gie, leader of CHH's more progressive youth wing. Phoa, who indicated a willingness to support the Indonesian nationalist movement, resigned from CHH in 1934, citing H. H. Kan's dominance of the party; and was appointed to the Volksraad in 1939 as an independent member. CHH's elitist reputation alienated others, even in Dutch-educated circles, such as another Leiden alumnus and lawyer, Yap Thiam Hien, later a human rights activist, whom CHH attempted to recruit as a member, but who refused due to his reservations about the party's elitist and moneyed profile. CHH was disbanded following the Japanese invasion of 1942 as part of World War II. During the Indonesian revolution of 1945-1950 that followed the end of the war, CHH's surviving membership rallied around former CHH leader Thio Thiam Tjong, who in 1948 founded Persatoean Tionghoa (the 'Chinese Union'), called from 1950 onwards Partai Demokrat Tionghoa Indonesia (PDTI: the 'Chinese Indonesian Democratic Party'). The new outfit was, in effect, the institutional heir to Chung Hwa Hui's political and social legacy. What was seen as the new party's CHH heritage, pro-colonial legacy and pro-western stance did not bode well for PDTI, which came to be regarded as irrelevant in post-revolutionary and increasingly anti-western Indonesia. PDTI never received much electoral support, and was eventually disbanded in 1965 with the military coup of General Soeharto and the end of all semblance of parliamentary democracy.

2827332

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristonicus%20of%20Alexandria

Aristonicus of Alexandria

Aristonicus of Alexandria (Greek , Aristonikos ho Alexandreus) was a distinguished Greek grammarian who lived during the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius, contemporary with Strabo. He taught at Rome, and wrote commentaries and grammatical treatises. Works Aristonicus is mentioned as the author of several works, most of which were related to the Homeric poems. On the wanderings of Menelaus () On the critical signs of the Iliad and Odyssey (), on the marginal signs by which the Alexandrian critics used to mark suspected or interpolated verses in the Homeric poems and in Hesiod's Theogony On ungrammatical words (), a work of six books on irregular grammatical constructions in Homer These and some other works are all now lost, with the exception of fragments preserved in the passages above referred to. By far the most important fragments of Aristonicus' work are preserved in the scholia of the Venetus A manuscript of the Iliad. Editions Scholia on the Iliad: Erbse, H. 1969-88, Scholia Graeca in Homeri Iliadem, 7 vols.

31287891

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festinho

Festinho

Festinho was a small, three-day music and arts festival, last held at Hinwick House, Hinwick, Bedfordshire during the August Bank Holiday weekend of 2010. Very much inspired by early Big Chill Festivals and picnics in the English countryside, Festinho is driven by a hard-working team of volunteers, many of whom have in various configurations and incarnations been putting on events, DJing, VJing, and festivalling together for years. Many of the performers give their time for free so that as much money as possible goes straight to the ABC Trust. History 2010 Due to space limitations in the campsite at Kentwell Hall, Festinho had to find a new home in 2010, and were rewarded in their search by finding Hinwick House in Hinwick, Bedfordshire. This afforded the festival more room for camping, and an increased space for entertainment. Moreover, its unique nature and design meant that Festinho had an opportunity to rethink their approach to providing entertainment. Notable examples of this included the ability to use parts of Hinwick House itself to provide entertainment spaces, and a main stage spanning a small stream, situated inside a Grade II listed walled garden. Festinho continued with its tried and tested formula of two live music stages, two DJ areas, a comedy and cabaret space, a healing zone (The Sanctuary), a children's areas hosted by Angel Gardens, capoeira demonstrations, a cinema space, a children's carnival and several bars and food and merchandise stalls. However, the 2010 event did not take place during the first week of September; instead, it moved forward to the last weekend in August. this is notable because this is a Bank Holiday weekend in the UK, and afforded Festinho the opportunity to provide entertainment until much later than usual on Sunday evening. Another key difference from previous years was the decision to open the campsite on Thursday evening instead of Friday afternoon. This allowed an expanded programme of music that started during Friday afternoon instead of Friday evening. The event was attended by over 3,200 people. 2009 Festinho continued its run at Kentwell Hall in 2009, and attracted over 2,500 people. It provided more food stalls, an expanded entertainment programme, and a children's area run by Angel Gardens. 2008 As the festival started to outgrow the space available in Yarnton, it moved in 2008 to Kentwell Hall in Long Melford, Suffolk. This afforded the event more room, and allowed it to incorporate an additional live music space, an expanded children's area, a healing zone, and a new cabaret and comedy tent hosted by Underbling & Vow. As well as providing more entertainment spaces, it also began to programme live music on the Friday evening as well as DJs, and finished on Sunday evening instead of Sunday afternoon. It was attended by around 1200 people. 2007 In 2007, the directorship of the event was handed over as the original organiser did not have the time to create the festival. It moved back to its original home of Yarnton, and changed its name to 'Festinho' - a nonsense word which alludes to the Brazilian Portuguese word 'Festinha', meaning 'small festival'. By this time, around 800 were attending the event, and it had expanded to incorporate an additional DJ area hosted by The Disco Shed, a children's area and an additional bar. It also took the decision to begin the music programming on a Friday evening, with a select few DJs welcoming people to the event. 2006 In 2006, the MiniChill moved to Marlow, Buckinghamshire, and followed the same pattern as the previous year; art, live music and DJs spread over 2 days, with guests arriving on Friday evening and departing on Sunday afternoon. 2004 / 2005 A private birthday party for one of the trustees of The ABC Trust was held on the first weekend in September 2004. A friend of the charity hosted the event on the grounds of their house in Yarnton, Oxfordshire. The party involved some live music and DJs, and guests were asked to donate money to the charity. The following year, the people who organised that party decided to sell tickets (by invitation only) to a party on the same weekend; they organised a live music stage, a DJ area and artwork over two days (Saturday and Sunday), and guests were allowed to bring tents for staying overnight. The money raised from ticket sales was donated to the charity, and the event was called 'Minichill'. The event was attended by around 350 people. Who they support All profits from the event go to the ABC Trust, a UK-based charity that supports community art projects in Brazil geared towards developing skills and interests amongst less privileged children. Action for Brazil's Children Trust (ABC) is dedicated to helping the most vulnerable children and young people of Brazil. Every day, Brazilian children are forced to face the violence, hunger and isolation of life on the streets. Recent figures estimate that over 7 million children live a life on the streets in some way. For many, this means occasional school, petty trading, begging and prostitution, only returning to their homes in the evening. Others have no home at all and must face the dangers of sleeping on the streets; they find themselves increasingly excluded from their own communities with no way back. ABC Trust supports a variety of locally-run projects across Brazil, from counselling to medical care to film editing workshops, which give these children a second chance - helping them to transform their lives, and giving them hope for their futures. Over 3000 children and their families are reached every day through projects made possible by ABC supporters' donations. ABC Trust is a UK-based organisation set up by Jimena Page, as founding trustee, and Led Zeppelin legend Jimmy Page, as founding patron. They have since been joined by a board of trustees and a group of patrons who lend a hand whenever possible. Bands, artists and performers As an evolving creature, Festinho is different every year and thanks to a determined team, talented artists, and most of all a truly fantastic crowd, gets better and better. It's still very small compared to most festivals, and future plans are for Festinho to stay intimate, small and with a distinctly Brazilian flavour. Previous bands and DJs that have appeared at Festinho include: Ugly Duckling, The Blockheads, British Sea Power, Crazy P, Max Cooper, Belleruche, The Bays, Eliza Carthy, Jim Moray, The Correspondents, The Leisure Society, Nancy Wallace, Gilles Peterson, Cosmo, Jon Hopkins, The Kleptones, Mixmaster Morris, Hint, Flevans, Andy Votel, Cut La Roc, Hexstatic and Jon Kennedy. Past festivals In 2008 and 2009, Festinho was held at Kentwell Hall, a moated, mellow redbrick Tudor mansion in Long Melford, Suffolk. In 2007, Yarnton, Oxfordshire hosted the Festinho festival.

12855357

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisophyllea%20beccariana

Anisophyllea beccariana

Anisophyllea beccariana is a tree of tropical Asia in the family Anisophylleaceae. It is named for the Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari. Description Anisophyllea beccariana grows as a tree up to tall. Its bark is flaky or scaly. The ellipsoid fruits measure up to long. Distribution and habitat Anisophyllea beccariana grows naturally in Sumatra and Borneo. Its habitat is mixed dipterocarp and kerangas forests from sea-level to about altitude.

23068084

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi%20media

Hindi media

Hindi media refers to media in Hindi language and its dialects, across the Hindi belt in India, and elsewhere with the Hindi-speaking Indian diaspora. Hindi media has a two hundred year history, with the first newspaper published in the language, Udant Martand, going to press in 1826, and the first novel, Pariksha Guru, published in 1882. News Papers Hindi Journalism Day, May 30, is considered to be a very important day for Hindi journalism, because the first newspaper in Hindi language, Udant Martand was published on this day. Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla started it as a weekly newspaper from Calcutta on 30 May 1826. He was the publisher and editor himself. For this reason, Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla has a special place in the world of Hindi journalism. Before 1826, many newspapers were being published in English, Persian, and Bangla, but not a single newspaper came out in Hindi. Keeping this in view, Jugal Kishore started the publication of 'Udant Martand'. This letter used to come out every Tuesday. However, in the beginning of 'Udanta Martand' no one had imagined that Hindi journalism would later come and take such a big size and it would become so important. 'Udanta Martand' Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla was originally from Kanpur who wanted to give more importance to journalism despite being a lawyer. But at that time, the colonial British had made Calcutta their place of work, due to which it became a big challenge to talk about the rights of the Indians in India. Therefore, 'Udanta Martand' of Jugal Kishore Shukla can be called a kind of bold experiment. Before the Hindi newspaper was published in the Bengal state of the country, the newspaper was published in other languages. There was no Hindi newspaper previously. The Hindi newspaper was also published from Bengal, the credit of which goes to Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla. The publication of Udant Martand was started from 27 No. Amadtalla Gali of Kolu Tola Mohalla in Calcutta.Hindi's first newspaper started in some way Originally a resident of Kanpur, Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla was fluent in Sanskrit, Persian, English and Bengali languages. He first worked as a Proceeding Reader in the Sadar Diwani Adalat in Kanpur and later became a lawyer. After which he tried to start 'Udant Martand' newspaper. He got permission from the Governor General on February 19, 1826 to face financial constraints Udant Martand was a weekly newspaper. In whose first issue 500 copies were published, but due to lack of knowledge of Hindi language, the trend of the readers was rarely seen. The cost of sending it to Hindi belt states was very high. Jugal Kishore made a lot of requests to the govt.to give some concession in postal rates but the British government was not ready for it. The Newspaper had to be closed in a few months. Due to financial constraints, the life of this newspaper could not last long. Only 79 issues of Udant Martand,which were to be published in book format every Tuesday, could be published. Which was closed on 4 December 1827 due to financial troubles. The first Hindi-language newspaper published in India, Udant Martand (The Rising Sun), started on 30 May 1826. This day is celebrated as "Hindi Journalism Day", or Hindi Patrakarita Diwas, as it marked the beginning of journalism in Hindi language. India has a long history of printing. The first printing press was set up as early as in 1674 in Mumbai (Bombay). Calcutta General Advertiser, the first newspaper of India (also known as the Hicky's Bengal Gazette), started in January 1780, and the first Hindi daily, Samachar Sudha Varshan, started in 1854 - three years before the Indian Rebellion of 1857. On 30 May 1826, Udant Martand (The Rising Sun), the first Hindi-language newspaper published in India, started from Calcutta (now Kolkata), published every Tuesday by Pt. Hindi news media has a dominant presence in a large part of the country. India is a multi-lingual country, and the Hindi belt is a group of states which are predominantly Hindi-speaking. The Hindi belt is commonly understood to include the states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and the union territories of Delhi and Chandigarh. Hindi media today Currently India publishes about 1,000 Hindi dailies that have a total circulation of about 80 million copies. English, the second language in terms of number of daily newspapers, has about 250 dailies with a circulation of about 40 million copies. Prominent Hindi newspapers include Dainik Jagran, Dainik Bhaskar, Amar Ujala, Navbharat Times, Hindustan Dainik and Rajasthan Patrika In terms of readership, Dainik Jagran is the most popular Hindi daily, with a total readership (TR) of 54,583,000, according to IRS Round One 2009. Dainik Bhaskar is the second most popular with a total readership of 33,500,000. Amar Ujala with TR of 28,674,000, Hindustan Dainik with TR of 26,769,000 and Rajasthan Patrika with a TR of 14,051,000 are placed at the next three positions. The total readership of the top 10 Hindi dailies is estimated at 188.68 million, nearly five times the top 10 English dailies, which have 38.76 million total readership. Others Hindi dailies target online readership using medium like YouTube and other social media. Hindi news channels Prominent Hindi television news channels include India TV, News18 India, ABP News, Zee News, Aaj Tak, NDTV India, News 24 and News World India. The most popular Hindi news websites are primarily the online versions of the Hindi newspapers and news channels. Hindi News Portal Nowadays, news is being digitised with the revolution and advancement in technology and all the big players in this field including BBC, News18, Dainik Jagran, Dainik Bhaskar, Amar Ujala, Times Group, CG Superfast News have made their presence known to the world and following their foot steps in digital news hyperlocal news portals are starting to contribute to the market and many more are getting benefited from this opportunity arises due to the increase in online readers of news.

3312269

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Armour

Bill Armour

William Reginald Armour (September 3, 1869 - December 2, 1922) was an American professional baseball player and manager. He was the manager of the Cleveland Bronchos in 1902 when they signed Nap Lajoie to the most lucrative contract in baseball history and the manager of the Detroit Tigers when they acquired Ty Cobb in 1905. Armour played professional baseball from 1891 to 1896 as a center fielder and right fielder for several minor teams. He earned a reputation for his fielding abilities. He also had excellent speed and stole 43 bases in 69 games in 1891 and 52 bases in 126 games in 1896. Armour began his managerial career with the Dayton, Ohio baseball club, of which he was also the principal owner. He managed the Dayton club from 1897 to 1901. From 1902 to 1904, he was the manager of the Cleveland Bronchos/Naps. Armour took over a Cleveland team with a losing record, and during his three years there, the team's record improved each year, reaching 86-65 in 1904. From 1905 to 1906, he was the manager of the Detroit Tigers. In his first year in Detroit, the team improved by 17 games over the prior year. With the signing of Ty Cobb, the Tigers set the table for three consecutive American League pennants that followed from 1907 to 1909. From 1907 to 1911, Armour served as the president and co-owner of the Toledo Mud Hens. He served as a scout for the St. Louis Cardinals in 1912 and next became business manager of the Milwaukee baseball club. He subsequently opened a restaurant in Minneapolis where he died in 1922 at age 53. Early years Armour was born in Homestead, Pennsylvania in 1869. Baseball player Armour played professional baseball for several years before he began his career as a manager. In 1891, at age 21, he appeared in 69 games, principally as a right fielder, for the Bradford, Pennsylvania club in the New York-Pennsylvania League. By May 1891, Armour was drawing for his fielding ability. The manager of the Meadville team wrote to the Sporting Life that his team might have one at least one game against Bradford "had not that great fielder, Armour, been playing. In the tenth inning of the first game, with one out and Lyons on second, he caught a line hit foul on which he doubled up Lyons and put an end to what, at that stage of the game, looked like a Meadville victory. It was the finest catch on the grounds this season." Armour compiled a .269 batting average and stole 43 bases for Bradford. At the end of August 1891, Armour signed with Oshkosh in the Wisconsin State League and played the remainder of the season there. In 1892, Armour appeared in 52 games, principally in right field, for the Toledo Black Pirates of the Western League. His batting average dropped by 124 points to .144 over his performance the prior year with Bradford. In 1893, Armour played for the Kansas City Blues in the Western Association and saw his batting average jump to .280 with 22 runs scored and 14 stolen bases in only 20 games. Armour also returned to Bradford in 1893 to play in 20 games, including the game that won the Monongahela League pennant for Braddock. The use of Armour, a Western Association player, in the game prompted a protest by the Duquesne club that Braddock's pennant be forfeited. The pennant was ultimately awarded to Braddock. Armour signed to play with Buffalo in January 1894, but was badly injured in a coasting accident at his hometown of Homestead in February 1894. Initial reports indicated that physicians did not believe Armour could recover. The following month, Armour was recuperating, and a Buffalo correspondent wrote to the Sporting Life expressing hope for his recovery, as "Armour is highly thought of as a fielder and is expected to greatly strengthen our out field." In mid-April 1894, Armour announced that the injury, which had nearly broken his back, would prevent him from playing baseball for six weeks to two months. Official records reflect Armour playing only three games in 1894. After being released by Buffalo, he played in one game each for three Pennsylvania State League teams -- Easton, Scranton, and Altoona. By 1895, Armour was fully recovered from his injuries. He began the season as the center fielder for the Montgomery Grays of the Southern Association. In March 1885, a Montgomery correspondent wrote to the Sporting Life on Armour's progress: "Your correspondent was out to the park seeing the boys limber up this afternoon, and they are certainly all right. Armour is a race horse in the field, and there is no fear but what centre will be taken care of in A No. In June 1895, the Sporting Life reported: "Armour can get to first quicker than any player in the South." In July, the Sporting Life reported that Armour "made two phenomenal running in catches of line hits over the infield which robbed [the opposing team] of two 'sure' safe hits." In 1896, Armour played center field for the Paterson Silk Weavers in the Atlantic League. He compiled a .268 batting average at Paterson with 115 runs scored, 52 stolen bases and 24 extra base hits in 126 games. He also continued to play well in the outfield, with a Paterson correspondent writing to the Sporting Life in late June that Armour was "head and shoulders" above anything previously seen in center field and that he was playing his position in a manner that has brought forth the greatest praise from the patrons of the game." Baseball manager Dayton In 1897, Armour began his managerial career at age 27 as player-manager for the Dayton Old Soldiers in the Interstate League. He also became the principal owner of the Dayton baseball club. In mid-August 1897, Armour had led Dayton to 14 wins in 17 games, and the Dayton correspondent to the Sporting Life wrote that it was "one of the best teams that ever represented Dayton" and that Armour was "getting very good work out of the boys, who are all satisfied with his management." Armour continued to manage the Dayton club, renamed the Veterans in 1899 and 1900, for five years from 1897 to 1901. Cleveland Bronchos/Naps In 1902, Armour was hired as the manager of the Cleveland Bronchos in the American League. The team had finished the 1901 season in seventh place with a 54-82 record. In the team's first season under Armour, the team opened the season by losing 24 of its first 35 games. However, the team gained momentum and compiled a 69-67 record--a 15-game improvement over the prior year's finish. On May 31, 1902, during Armour's first season at Cleveland, the club signed future Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Nap Lajoie as a free agent; Lajoie compiled a .379 batting average for Cleveland in 1902. Armour announced that Lajoie would be paid the largest salary ever paid to a baseball player: "For his services with our club he will receive $28,000 for four years, every cent of which he will he paid, play or not, as the courts may direct. This is the largest salary ever paid a base ball player, and beats by $3000 the figure paid by Boston several years for pitcher Clarkson." Armour also engineered the mid-season acquisition of pitcher Bill Bernhard, who Armour called "the best pitcher in present day baseball." Bernhard ended up with a 17-5 record for Cleveland in 1902 (and a 23-13 record in 1904). In Armour's second year in Cleveland, the team continued to improve, finishing in third place with a 77-63 record. Lajoie won the American League batting crown with a .344 average. In Armour's third year in Cleveland, the team again improved, compiling an 86-65 record as Lajoie won his second consecutive American League batting crown. Despite the steady improvement each year during Armour's tenure with Cleveland, friction had developed between Armour and the team's star and captain, Nap Lajoie. By the last half of the 1904 season, the two were reportedly "not on speaking terms." On September 8, 1904, Armour announced his resignation as manager of the Cleveland club, effective at the end of the season. The Cleveland Plain Dealer praised Armour's efforts in that city: "No better judge of a ball player's ability than Bill Armour lives, and not a small point necessary to win games escapes him. But the ability of the players to carry out his plans has, oftimes, been lacking." Detroit Tigers In late September 1904, Armour was hired as the manager of the Detroit Tigers for the 1905 season. In October 1904, he rented a suite at the Pasadena Apartments in on Detroit's Jefferson Avenue. Accordubg to Bill James' "Historical Baseball Abstract" Armour quite likely was the inventor of platooning while with Detroit in his use of catcher Boss Schmidt. In 1905, Armour led the Tigers to third place in the American League with a 79-74 record. The finish represented a 17-game improvement over the prior year's seventh-place finish and 62-90 record. Armour's greatest contribution during the 1905 season was the discovery and signing of Ty Cobb. Armour paid the Augusta club for Cobb's early release, and Cobb joined the Tigers in August 1905. Cobb later wrote:"To Manager Armour, my first big league boss, I cannot give too much thanks for his kindly action and his personal attention to me, my work and my welfare. He is an ideal man for any young baseball player to 'break in' under. He seems to feel just how a recruit feels when he is starting his Major League career, and his record of developing young diamond pastimers will bear me out." By the start of the 1906 season, relations between Armour and team owner Frank Navin were strained. In early May 1906, Armour tendered his resignation, but later reconsidered. The 1906 Tigers were also plagued by numerous injuries, including the loss of second baseman Germany Schaefer, and the team's record slid in 1906 to 71-78. On September 17, 1906, Armour announced he would not be returning to Detroit in 1907 and that he would be succeeded by Hughie Jennings. Paul H. Bruske in Sporting Life wrote that "wherever William Armour goes he will always make firm friends and, had his hands been left free in Detroit, his team would undoubtedly have worked much better, for that is the sort of a man Armour is -- to put ginger and steam into all that he does." On September 25, 1906, Armour was assaulted with blows to the face by Washington catcher Jack Warner under the grandstand in Detroit after a game between Detroit and Washington. Warner had played for the Tigers in 1905 and 1906 but was sold to Washington in August 1906. Warner stated that Armour had "branded him falsely as a disturber," and Armour blamed the failure of the 1906 Detroit team to Warner. After the season ended, team owner Frank Navin alleged that Armour had been "too lenient with the players." Toledo Mud Hens In November 1906, Armour purchased the Toledo Mud Hens and became the club's president. He also served as the team's manager in 1907 and 1908. The club was a financial success in the first three years under Armour. However, attendance declined after Swayne field was sold, and the team was required to play its games at a less convenient location during the 1910 and 1911 seasons. In November 1911, Armour resigned as the club's president, citing the inability to turn the club into a profitable enterprise. Armour also sold his one-third interest in the club at that time. St. Louis, Milwaukee and Kansas City In November 1911, Armour purchased the Lancaster club in the Ohio State League and took over as the team's manager. However, Armour opted not to manager the Lancaster team and instead accepted a position as a scout for the St. Louis Cardinals during the 1912 season. In an interview with the Detroit Free Press, Armour explained his rationale for giving up managing:"I really believe that I would have been a dead man now had I tried to keep up managing a ball club. I proved one of the hardest losers in the game . I couldn't forget after the game what had happened during the battle. I worried so much that I couldn't eat. The result was that I found myself moping about during the evening, apparently sore at myself, the world and everything else and then decided that if I wanted to have any pleasure in life I would have to give up trying to manage a ball club." After his time in St. Louis, Armour served as business manager for the Milwaukee baseball club in 1913 and manager of the Kansas City club in 1914. Managerial Record Family and later years On March 27, 1901, Armour was married to Ida Fulton at the home of the bride's parents in Homestead, Pennsylvania. In his later years, Armour was engaged in the restaurant business in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In December 1922, he died suddenly in Minneapolis from "a stroke of apoplexy" at age 53.

7379694

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet%20Ink

Wet Ink

Wet Ink magazine was an Australian magazine devoted to publishing new Australian writing, with an emphasis on new and emerging writers. Published quarterly, it featured fiction, poetry and creative non-fiction, plus an interview with a writer and book reviews. Work published ranged from 'literary' to genre-based work. Works were complemented by photography, illustration and clever design. It was founded in Adelaide in 2005 by a team of writers and readers who wanted to address the lack of publishing opportunities for new writers in Australia. The first issue of the magazine appeared in December 2005. It was funded through advertising, subscriptions, sponsorship and sales. In 2012 it was announced that Wet Ink was closing down due to financial reasons with issue 27 being their last publication. Content Wet Ink published: * fiction * poetry * creative non-fiction * opinion/commentary * author interviews * book reviews Contributors Works published in the magazine by established writers include those by Thomas Shapcott, Michael Wilding, Kevin Brophy, Nigel Krauth, Ken Ruthven, Ouyang Yu, Marcelle Freiman, Nicholas Jose, Tim Sinclair and Brian Edwards. Authors interviewed included Frank Moorhouse, Susan Johnson, Gail Jones and Tim Sinclair. Editorial Advisory Board The Editorial Advisory Board included Thomas Shapcott, JM Coetzee, Eva Sallis, Ioana Petrescu, Nigel Krauth and Judith Rodriguez. Wet Ink Short Story Prize In March 2010 Wet Ink announced the creation of the Wet Ink Short Story Prize to mark their five years of publication. In 2011, following funding from the Copyright Agency Ltd Cultural Fund, the value of prizes were increased and the prize renamed the Wet Ink/CAL Short Story Prize.

8763720

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%20Lacy

Bo Lacy

Gay "Bo" Lacy (born November 22, 1980) is a former American football offensive tackle. He played college football at Arkansas, where he was a two-year starter at left tackle. He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL) in the sixth round of the 2004 NFL Draft. He was also a member of the Cleveland Browns, Chicago Bears, Indianapolis Colts and Atlanta Falcons. He did not appear in an NFL regular season game. Early years and college career Lacy played high school football at Newport High School in Newport, Arkansas. He played college football for the Arkansas Razorbacks of the University of Arkansas from 2000 to 2003. He was redshirted in 1999. He played in eight games as a right tackle in 2000. He played in the final eight games of the 2001 season, seeing action at left tackle and as a lineman on the extra point and field goal units. He started all 14 games at left tackle in 2002. He started all 13 games at left tackle in 2003. Lacy was a communications major at Arkansas. Professional career Lacy was rated the 21st best offensive tackle in the 2004 NFL Draft by NFLDraftScout.com. The website also predicted that he would be selected in the sixth or seventh round of the draft. He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the sixth round with the 177th overall pick of the draft. On July 20, it was reported that he had signed a three-year contract worth $993,900 with the Steelers. The contract also included a $73,900 signing bonus. He was waived by the Steelers on September 5 and signed to the team's practice squad on September 6. On September 30, Lacy was signed off the Steelers' practice squad by the Cleveland Browns. He was waived by the Browns on October 20. He was then re-signed to the Steelers' practice squad on October 21. On December 8, 2004, Lacy was signed off the Steelers' practice squad to a three-year contract with the Chicago Bears. He was waived by the Bears on August 30, 2005. On September 5, 2005, Lacy was signed to the Indianapolis Colts' practice squad. He signed with the Colts on February 16, 2006. He was waived by the Colts on September 3. Lacy was signed to the Atlanta Falcons' practice squad in October 2006. He was waived by the Falcons on September 1, 2007. In 2012, Bleacher Report named Lacy as one of the ten biggest Steelers draft busts of the preceding decade, although it noted that other than quarterback Ben Roethlisberger, their entire 2004 draft class was a bust.

36651868

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig%20Erdwin%20Seyler

Ludwig Erdwin Seyler

Ludwig Erdwin Seyler (15 May 1758 - 26 October 1836; often known as L.E. Seyler) was a Hamburg merchant, merchant banker and politician. He was by marriage a member of the Hanseatic Berenberg dynasty, and was a partner in the Hamburg firm Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. (now known as Berenberg Bank) for 48 years (1788-1836), for 46 years as the company's senior partner. The company name was amended in 1791 to reflect him becoming a partner and has remained unchanged since; he "is practically the 'Co.' Seyler was one of the first merchants and bankers from modern Germany to establish trade relations with the United States and East Asia. Much of the company's wealth derived from their position as leading sugar importers from the Americas to the North European market, in combination with their activities as merchants bankers. Seyler was one of Hamburg's leading merchants during the Napoleonic Wars and held several political offices. He served as a member of the French-appointed council of Hamburg and after the Napoleonic Wars as the President of the Commercial Deputation, one of the city-state's main political bodies. Ludwig Seyler was a son of the Swiss-born theatre director Abel Seyler and a son-in-law of the bankers Johann Hinrich Gossler and Elisabeth Berenberg through his marriage to their eldest daughter Anna Henriette Gossler. Background and early life Ludwig E. Seyler was born in Hamburg and was the younger son of the Swiss-born Abel Seyler (1730-1800), one of the great theatre principals of 18th century Europe, and his Hanoverian wife Sophie Elisabeth Andreae (1730-1764). His father had been born in the Swiss Canton of Basel and had come to Hamburg as a young adult, where he had established himself as a merchant banker in the 1750s and 1760s. As a merchant banker Abel Seyler became highly controversial in Hamburg due to his "malicious" speculation in financial instruments, and in 1763 his companies went spectacularly bankrupt with enormous debts in the wake of the Amsterdam banking crisis of 1763. From 1767 Abel Seyler devoted himself entirely to the theatre, largely abandoning his children as he adopted a traveling lifestyle, moving from court to court with the Seyler Theatre Company. Following the death of their mother in 1764, Ludwig Seyler and his brother and sister were raised in Hanover by their maternal uncle, the noted Enlightenment natural scientist J.G.R. By several accounts Andreae was a highly erudite and kind man who became a loving father figure to his sister's children; he had no children of his own. Their father, Abel Seyler, remarried in 1772 to Friederike Sophie Seyler, Germany's leading actress of the second half of the 18th century and the author of the opera Oberon, a major influence on the libretto of The Magic Flute. On his father's side Seyler was descended from many of Basel's leading patrician families, especially the families Seyler, Burckhardt, Socin (originally an Italian noble family), Merian and Faesch; Cardinal Joseph Fesch, Napoleon's uncle, was a distant relative. On his mother's side he was a grandson of the Hanoverian court pharmacist Leopold Andreae. His sister Sophie Seyler (1762-1833) was married to the Sturm und Drang poet Johann Anton Leisewitz, the author of Julius of Taranto. Felix Hoppe-Seyler, the principal founder of biochemistry and molecular biology, was an adopted son of his nephew. He joined the Berenberg & Gossler company in Hamburg as an apprentice in 1775, aged 17. At the time the company's sole owner was his would-be father-in-law Johann Hinrich Gossler (1738-90), who had been named a partner by his own father-in-law Johann Berenberg (1718-72) in 1769. The company was founded in 1590 by the immigrant Berenberg family from Antwerp. On 20 May 1788, Seyler married Anna Henriette Gossler (1771-1836), the eldest child of the company's owners, Johann Hinrich Gossler and Elisabeth Berenberg (1749-1822). His mother-in-law was the only heir of the Berenberg family. During his lifetime and beyond his wife's family was regarded as one of the two most prominent families of the city-state of Hamburg. Shortly after his marriage, his father-in-law made him a partner in the Berenberg company. Upon the death of his father-in-law in 1790, he succeeded him as the company's senior partner and effective head. His mother-in-law was a partner in her own right from 1790 to 1800, and in 1798 his seventeen years younger brother-in-law, the later senator Johann Heinrich Gossler, joined the company as a partner. Under his leadership and to reflect his entry into the partnership the company name was changed to Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. in 1791, and has remained unchanged since. As head of the Berenberg company Seyler greatly expanded the company's international trade, and was one of the first merchants and bankers from Germany who established trade relations with the newly independent United States and with East Asia. By 1800 the capital of the company had doubled since he became a partner, to about a million Mark Banco, and had established itself as one of the largest merchant houses of Hamburg. The company lost half its capital during the Napoleonic Wars, but quickly regained and exceeded its former size once the war ended. Astrid Petersson notes that the company's "extensive sugar imports in the period after 1814, especially from Brazil, the U.S. and East Asia, some of which represented a continuation of their trading relationships dating back to the late 18th century, contributed significantly to the company's wealth. In combination with their position as merchant bankers, it became a respected company well beyond the borders of Germany, that was only rivaled by few other merchant houses around 1830." Ludwig Seyler remained one of the two dominant partners, with his brother-in-law, until his death in 1836. At the time of his death he had worked for the company for 61 years, been a partner for 48 years and been the company's senior partner for 46 years. Napoleonic Wars and politics During the Napoleonic Wars Hamburg was occupied by France from 1806 and annexed into the Bouches-de-l'Elbe departement of the First French Empire in 1811. The French government promoted the French language and instituted numerous changes in Hamburg. In February 1813 Seyler was appointed by the French authorities as a deputy judge on the commercial tribunal (tribunal de commerce). During the spring of 1813 he was among 30 prominent and wealthy Hamburg merchants who were briefly held as hostages by the French authorities to force the city to pay a "contribution" to the French government, which caused great consternation in Hamburg. The Berenberg company's head office was moved to his home in Wandrahm in 1813 when the Gossler family's city residence, Mortzenhaus, was requisitioned by the French and turned into a military hospital. Seyler later moved the head office to the home of his son-in-law Gerhard von Hosstrup. In the summer of 1813 he was appointed by the French Governor-General Louis-Nicolas Davout as a member of the municipal council (conseil municipal), the governing body of Hamburg which had replaced both the government (known as the council, later as the senate) and the parliament under French rule. He served in the municipal council until it was dissolved after the liberation of Hamburg, when Hamburg became a fully sovereign state. For a brief transition period, the former municipal councillors were asked to serve in the post-Napoleonic government. On 23 March 1813 he was elected as a member of the Commercial Deputation and he served as its President from May 1817 to July 1818. The Commercial Deputation was one of the city-state's main political bodies. As a member of the Commercial Deputation he was also ex officio a member of the Hamburg Parliament in accordance with the city-state's post-Napoleonic constitution. He was also a member of the Banco Deputation, the commission that had the oversight over Hamburg's internationally used Banco currency, and of the Shipping and Port Deputation. Seyler was highly regarded in Hamburg; he was described as "an honourable character, both as a merchant and as a human being." Seyler is interred in the family grave of the Berenberg/Gossler family on the Old Hamburg Memorial Cemetery (Althamburgischer Gedachtnisfriedhof, formerly Ehrenfriedhof), together with his wife Anna Henriette nee Gossler, his mother-in-law Elisabeth Berenberg and other relatives such as his brother-in-law, Senator Johann Heinrich Gossler and his nephew, Hamburg First Mayor Hermann Gossler. The grave is one of only six family graves on the memorial cemetery, which is reserved for notable Hamburg citizens. Issue and family Ludwig Seyler and Anna Henriette Gossler had seven children, in order of birth Sophie Henriette Elisabeth ("Betty") Seyler (1789-1837), married to Hamburg businessman Gerhard von Hosstrup, who founded the Hamburger Borsenhalle in 1804 Johann Hinrich Seyler Emilie ("Emmy") Seyler, married to the physician Ludwig Friedrich Christian Homann Louise Auguste Seyler, married to Gerhard von Hosstrup after the death of her sister Maria ("Molly") Seyler Louise ("Wischen") Seyler (1799-1849), married to ship broker Ernst Friedrich Pinckernelle (1787-1868), whose sons founded the G. & J. E. Pinckernelle insurance broker firm Henriette Seyler (1805-1875), married to the Norwegian industrialist Benjamin Wegner (1795-1864) of Fossum Manor, later of Frogner Manor His seven children were co-owners of Berenberg Bank from 26 October to 31 December 1836. The co-founder of Commerzbank Ludwig Erdwin Amsinck (1826-1897), a son of his niece Emilie Amsinck nee Gossler and business magnate Johannes Amsinck, was named after him. Ludwig Seyler was an uncle of Hamburg head of state Hermann Gossler. Portraits Gouache portraits of Ludwig E. Seyler and his wife Anna Henriette Gossler from the Napoleonic era or its immediate aftermath were owned by the descendants of their daughter Henriette in Norway, and were sold through the Norwegian art broker Blomqvist in 2018. There also exist portraits of him and his two siblings as children, probably from the 1760s. Gallery Ancestry See also Seyler family Gossler family Berenberg family Berenberg Bank References Literature Percy Ernst Schramm, Neun Generationen: Dreihundert Jahre deutscher Kulturgeschichte im Lichte der Schicksale einer Hamburger Burgerfamilie (1648-1948), Vol. I, Gottingen, 1963 Percy Ernst Schramm, Kaufleute zu Haus und uber See. Hamburgische Zeugnisse des 17., 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts, Hamburg, Hoffmann und Campe, 1949 Percy Ernst Schramm, "Kaufleute wahrend Besatzung, Krieg und Belagerung (1806-1815) : der Hamburger Handel in der Franzosenzeit, dargestellt an Hand von Firmen- und Familienpapieren." Tradition: Zeitschrift fur Firmengeschichte und Unternehmerbiographie, Vol. 1-22. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40696638 Percy Ernst Schramm, "Hamburger Kaufleute in der 2. Zeitschrift fur Firmengeschichte und Unternehmerbiographie 1957, No 4., pp.

31294189

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erechthias%20diaphora

Erechthias diaphora

Erechthias diaphora is a moth of the family Tineidae. It is known from Australia, including New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria. Adults dark brown forewings with pale bands along the margins. The larvae live in a silken case covered in frass. They have been recorded hiding underneath loose bark on wattles and gum trees.

11594861

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20S.%20Lincoln

William S. Lincoln

William Slosson Lincoln (August 13, 1813 - April 21, 1893) was a U.S. Representative from New York. Born in Berkshire (now Newark Valley), Tioga County, New York, Lincoln attended the common schools. He was admitted to the bar. He engaged in mercantile pursuits and subsequently in the manufacture of leather. Postmaster of Newark Valley from September 20, 1838, to February 24, 1841, and from December 19, 1844, to September 19, 1866. He served as supervisor in 1841, 1844, 1865, and 1866. He was a Justice of the Peace in 1852 and 1855. Lincoln was elected as a Republican to the Fortieth Congress (March 4, 1867 - March 3, 1869). He was not a candidate for reelection. He engaged in the practice of law in Washington, D.C., until his death on April 21, 1893.

1337894

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Adventure%20of%20the%20Red%20Circle

The Adventure of the Red Circle

"The Adventure of the Red Circle" is one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by Arthur Conan Doyle. It is included in the anthology His Last Bow. Synopsis Mrs. Warren, a landlady, comes to 221B Baker Street with some questions about her lodger. A youngish, heavily bearded man, who spoke good but accented English, came to her and offered double her usual rent on the condition that he get the room on his own terms. He went out the first night that he was there, and came back after midnight when the rest of the household had gone to bed. Since then, neither Mrs. Warren, her husband, nor their servant girl has seen him. After the landlady leaves, Holmes remarks to Dr. Watson that it seems likely that the person in Mrs. Warren's house is not the bearded man who made the arrangements. Holmes suspects that messages are being sent to the lodger. Holmes and Watson go to Mrs. Warren's house and spy on the lodger, who they discover to be a young woman with a dark complexion. That evening, Holmes and Watson are on hand to see the lodger's confederate send messages by a waving candle. Holmes and Watson meet Inspector Gregson and a Pinkerton detective from the United States named Leverton. They are lying in wait for Giuseppe Gorgiano, a vicious killer. Going into the room where the signalling came from, they discover Gorgiano lies on the floor in a pool of blood from having been impaled with a large knife. The lodger is revealed as Emilia Lucca, and her confederate is Gennaro, her husband. She confirms that the Luccas were seeking refuge from the dangerous Giuseppe Gorgiano, who was out to kill Gennaro for betraying the Red Circle, a secret criminal organization that they had both been involved in. Gennaro decided to leave the organization in spite of the threatened consequences. He and his wife fled Italy and went to New York to escape the Red Circle, but Gorgiano tracked Gennaro down. Gregson takes Emilia down to the police station. Publication history "The Adventure of the Red Circle" was first published in the UK in The Strand Magazine in March-April 1911, and in the United States in the US edition of the Strand in April-May 1911. The story was published with three illustrations by H. M. Brock and one by Joseph Simpson in The Strand Magazine, and with the same illustrations in the US edition of the Strand. It was included in the short story collection His Last Bow, which was published in the UK and the US in October 1917. Adaptations Film and television The story was adapted as a short silent film in 1922. It was one of the short films in the Sherlock Holmes film series by Stoll Pictures, and starred Eille Norwood as Sherlock Holmes and Hubert Willis as Dr. Watson. The story was also adapted for the 1994 Granada TV series. Radio "The Adventure of the Red Circle" was adapted by Edith Meiser as an episode of the American radio series The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. The episode, which aired on 15 October 1931, featured Richard Gordon as Sherlock Holmes and Leigh Lovell as Dr. Watson. Another production of the story aired in February 1935, with Louis Hector as Holmes and Lovell as Watson. The story was also adapted for the American radio series The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. The radio adaptation, starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, was titled "Mrs. Warren's Lodger" and aired on 7 December 1941, the day of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The East Coast broadcast was interrupted by a radio announcement that President Franklin D. Roosevelt would be addressing the nation at noon the following day. The story was adapted for BBC Radio 2 in 1969 by Michael Hardwick, as part of the 1952-1969 radio series starring Carleton Hobbs as Holmes and Norman Shelley as Watson. "The Red Circle" was dramatised for BBC Radio 4 in 1994 by Peter Ling as part of the 1989-1998 radio series starring Clive Merrison as Holmes and Michael Williams as Watson, featuring Joan Sims as Mrs Warren. In 2013, the story was adapted as an episode of The Classic Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, a series on the American radio show Imagination Theatre, with John Patrick Lowrie as Holmes and Lawrence Albert as Watson.

61423270

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek%20Clarke%20%28athlete%29

Derek Clarke (athlete)

Derek Stanley Clarke (1937-1997), is a male former athlete who competed for England. Athletics career Clarke was selected by England to represent his country in Athletics events. He was a two times National champion. He represented England in the decathlon, at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica. He also competed in the 1966 European Athletics Championships - Men's decathlon.

7685159

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20Falls%20State%20Park

Silver Falls State Park

Silver Falls State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of Oregon, located near Silverton, about east-southeast of Salem. It is the largest state park in Oregon with an area of more than , and it includes more than of walking trails, of horse trails, and a bike path. Its Canyon Trail/Trail of Ten Falls runs along the banks of Silver Creek and by ten waterfalls, from which the park received its name. Four of the ten falls have an amphitheater-like surrounding that allows the trail to pass behind the flow of the falls. The Silver Falls State Park Concession Building Area and the Silver Creek Youth Camp-Silver Falls State Park are separately listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. The park's most visited waterfall is South Falls, a cascade. Remote Double Falls, however, is listed as the highest waterfall in the park, plunging in a small tributary side canyon deep within the Silver Creek Canyon. In recent years, Silver Falls State Park has hosted star parties in partnership with the amateur astronomy organization in Salem, Oregon called Night Sky 45. History Silver Falls City formed in 1888 and was primarily a logging community with a few homesteaders, and the area was extensively logged. The small lumber town of Silver Falls City sat atop the South Falls, and as the land was cleared, a local entrepreneur sold admission to the Falls area, with attractions such as pushing cars over the falls and even hosting a stunt with a daredevil riding over in a canoe. In 1902, June D Drake, a commercial photographer and owner of Drake Brothers Studio in Silverton, Oregon, began to campaign for park status, using his photographs of the falls to gain support. Drake Falls was later named for him. In 1926, however, an inspector for the National Park Service rejected the area for park status because of a proliferation of unattractive stumps after years of logging. In 1935 President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced that the Silver Falls area would be turned into a Recreational Demonstration Area. Private land that had been logged was purchased, and workers in the Civilian Conservation Corps were employed to develop park facilities, including the historic South Falls Lodge, completed in the late 1930s. It was used as a restaurant from 1946 until the late 1950s and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Silver Falls State Park Concession Building Area in 1983. The Silver Creek Youth Camp--Silver Falls State Park was also added to the National Register at this time. In January 2008, during the 2008 supplemental legislative session, Fred Girod of the Oregon House of Representatives sought federal designation of the area as a national park via a house joint memorial to the United States Congress, but the bill died in committee. Geology The history of the canyon's formation begins about 26 million years ago to the Oligocene period, when most of Oregon was covered by ocean. After the waters of the ocean receded about 15 million years ago, the flood basalt flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group covered the sandstone that had been the ocean floor. The softer layers of sandstone beneath the basalt sheet eroded over time, creating pathways behind some of the waterfalls that Civilian Conservation Corps workers widened to make safe for public use. Another geologic feature are many tree "chimneys" or casts, formed when hot lava engulfed living trees and disintegrated them. Waterfalls Within the park are many waterfalls, including ten along the Trail of Ten Falls (marked * in the table below) and five more below the confluence of the North and South forks of Silver Creek. The South Fork has an average flow rate of , and the North Fork has an average flow rate of . The Trail of Ten Falls passes behind the falls of South Falls, Lower South Falls, Middle North Falls, and North Falls. Climate The climate of Silver Falls State Park is cooler and wetter than those of nearby towns and cities. According to the Koppen climate classification, Silver Falls State Park has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb). Wildfires Between July 13 and 28 of 2020, a wildfire broke out in the eastern timbered area of Silver Falls State Park. The blaze grew to 27 acres and was mostly contained by July 15. The State Park remained open for visitors to view the falls but the campgrounds were closed for a short period. It was thought that the fire was the result of a lightning strike which smoldered for about a month before igniting. In September 2020, the Beachie Creek Fire came into the eastern and southern edges of the park. The fire was slowed by a reversal of the winds to the south and east and Oregon fire crews were able to contain the blaze, one of the largest and most destructive in state history. Other historic fires include the following: 1865: The Silverton Fire, the largest known in Oregon's history, burned a million acres including the Silver Falls area. 1886: A forest fire destroyed a large part of the forest on lands that would become Silver Falls State Park. 1925: September: A destructive forest fire raged near and at House Mountain. 1928: Summer: South Burn, a forest fire, damaged the Silver Falls area. Friends of Silver Falls Volunteers inspired by the beauty and history of Silver Falls have been active there since establishment of the park in 1933. In 1986, the citizens and the park staff envisioned a mission and established the Friends of Silver Falls State Park, Inc. That mission is "to further the educational and interpretive opportunities available to park visitors; to promote the preservation, protection and enhancement of the historical, natural, and recreational resources within the park; and to assist in the implementing park improvements and educational programs compatible with the nature of Silver Falls State Park." As a result, this private and public partnership has created a more meaningful park experience for the nearly one million annual visitors to the park, far beyond what state park funding alone can provide. Since 1992, volunteers of the Friends of Silver Falls State Park have operated the Nature Store in historic South Falls Lodge. This store offers a variety of books, clothing and souvenirs in keeping with the park's nature theme. The organization has also been responsible for much of the interpretive signage along the Trail of Ten Falls. Other goals of the Friends include compiling oral histories from those who have memories of the park region, keeping alive the history of Silver Falls City, recognizing the work of the Civilian Conservation Corps and the Works Progress Administration in the 1930s and 1940s, maintaining the park's historic district, and continuing to place interpretive signs throughout the park's more than . In culture The park has been used as a filming location in several movies. The 1981 horror film Just Before Dawn was shot entirely on location in the park; it also served as a filming location for William Friedkin's thriller The Hunted (2003), and the blockbuster film Twilight (2008).

29304768

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementine%20%28software%29

Clementine (software)

Clementine is a free and open-source audio player. It is a port of Amarok 1.4 to the Qt 4 framework and the GStreamer multimedia framework. It is available for Unix-like, Windows and macOS operating systems. Clementine is released under the terms of the GPL-3.0-or-later. Clementine was created due to the transition from version 1.4 to version 2 of Amarok, and the shift of focus connected with it, which was criticized by many users. The first version of Clementine was released in February 2010. The last stable release of Clementine was in 2016, but development has since resumed on GitHub, with a number of release candidate versions published. In 2018, a fork of Clementine named Strawberry Music Player was released. Features Clementine can stream audio from services such as Spotify, SoundCloud, Last.fm, and other platforms. The software also has the functionality to display information such as lyrics and statistics regarding the song currently being played, as well as mimicking iTunes functionality by interacting with users' iPod players Some additional features supported by Clementine are: Tag editor, album cover and queue manager. Fetch missing tags from MusicBrainz. Creation of smart and dynamic playlists. Tabbed playlists, import and export as M3U, XSPF, PLS, ASX and Cue sheets. Transcoding music into MP3, Ogg (Vorbis, Speex, Opus), FLAC, AAC or WMA. Playback of Windows Media Files in macOS (which iTunes and many other players cannot do). Remote control using an Android device, a Wii Remote, MPRIS or the command-line interface.

73320120

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinocardium%20flavescens

Echinocardium flavescens

Echinocardium flavescens, sometimes called the yellow sea potato, is a species of sea urchin in the family Loveniidae, chiefly found in the northeast Atlantic region. Description Echinocardium flavescens is about long. It is yellow to the tube feet (hence the name flavescens, "yellowish") and has spines on the underside of the body. The frontal ambulacrum is not indented and there are larger spines in the interambulacral areas of the upper side of the test. Its labrum is long, reaching the second pair of ambulacral plates. Distribution Found in the waters off Great Britain, Ireland and associated islands. Biology Matures in early summer. Ecology Echinocardium flavescens buries itself about deep in coarse gravel in the sublittoral, up to depths of , sometimes associated with the sea cucumber Neopentadactyla mixta or the brittle star Ophiopsila annulosa.

11655204

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Pell%20Cup

Herbert Pell Cup

The Herbert Claiborne Pell Cup, established in 1958, is presented by the Ida Lewis Yacht Club, of Newport, Rhode Island, to the winner of the Challenger Selection Series for the America's Cup. The Cup is named for Herbert Claiborne Pell, Jr. The America's Cup was held in Newport through 1983. The Pell Cup, dating from 1958, is the senior most trophy presented to the Challenger and has all the Challengers engraved on it since 1962. Since 1983 and the advent of sports marketing, the Cup has been accompanied by the Louis Vuitton Cup until 2017, and the Prada Cup since 2021. Emirates Team New Zealand won the Herbert Claiborne Pell Cup in the 2017 Bermuda competition.

17492285

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3%20Am%C3%A9ricas

3 Américas

3 Americas is a 2007 Argentine-American drama film written and directed by Cristina Kotz Cornejo. The film was produced by Cristina Kotz Cornejo and Angela Counts. The story takes place in Boston, Massachusetts and Buenos Aires, Argentina. Plot With summer approaching, 16-year-old America has two issues, or so she thinks. She hates school and her aunt Carolina's alcoholic husband, Joey. She passes the days shoplifting, hanging out with her friends and trying to avoid Joey. After a life-changing event, America, whose Spanish is limited, is sent to Buenos Aires, Argentina to live with her reclusive and anti-American grandmother, Lucia America Campos. In Argentina, America struggles to find her place with a grandmother she has never known and to hold onto a friendship with Sergio, a neighbor twice her age. Cast Kristen Gonzalez as America Ana Maria Colombo as Lucia Nicolas Meradi as Sergio Gy Mirano as Carolina Gilberto Arribas as Joey Festivals/Exhibitions The film premiered on October 11, 2007, at the Woodstock Film Festival. Ola Latin American Film Festival, Orlando, Florida, February 2008 12th Annual Harlem Stage on Screen: Creatively Speaking Film Series, March 2008 Tiburon International Film Festival, Tiburon, CA, March 2008 XXVI Festival Cinematografico Internacional del Uruguay, Montevideo, April 2008 11th Cine Las Americas International Film Festival, April 2008 Reel Rasquache Film Festival, California State University, Los Angeles, June 2008 Brooklyn Academy of Music Film Screening Series, April 2008 Museum of Fine Arts (Boston), May 2008 New York International Latino Film Festival, July 2008 Hartford International Film Festival, November 2008 Yale University, January 2009 Home media 3 Americas was released on DVD in the US by Vanguard International Cinema on January 26, 2010.

112074

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crainville%2C%20Illinois

Crainville, Illinois

Crainville is a village in Williamson County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,254 at the 2010 census. History One of the earliest mining communities in Williamson County, Crainville is named for James M. Crain, who filed the first plat for the village. It was initially known as "Crain City," but incorporated as the village of Crainville on June 28, 1881. A post office opened on September 26, 1888, also under the name Crainville. It discontinued operations on January 31, 1914, and the community is now served by the post office at neighboring Carterville. Geography Crainville is located at (37.748761, -89.065718). According to the 2010 census, Crainville has a total area of , of which (or 99.56%) is land and (or 0.44%) is water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 992 people, 425 households, and 265 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 459 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 97.78% White, 0.71% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 0.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.40% of the population. There were 425 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.6% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 3.01. In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.2% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.6 males. The median income for a household in the village was $35,750, and the median income for a family was $48,021. Males had a median income of $34,219 versus $20,972 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,911. About 6.6% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.0% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over. Further reading Erwin, Milo, and Jon Musgrave. The Bloody Vendetta of Southern Illinois.

33032588

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934%20United%20States%20Senate%20election%20in%20Nebraska

1934 United States Senate election in Nebraska

The 1934 United States Senate election in Nebraska took place on November 6, 1934. A special election was held on the same day for the same seat. The incumbent Senator, Republican Robert B. Howell, died on March 11, 1933. William Henry Thompson, a Democratic politician, was appointed to the vacant seat. Richard C. Hunter was elected to finish Howell's term, while Burke was elected to the next term, defeating Robert G. Simmons. This was the last time until 1976 that a Democrat won a Senate election in Nebraska.

43327942

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20Silence

Golden Silence

Golden Silence is the second full-length studio album by American indie pop band The Narrative, released on December 2, 2016. The album was produced by Bryan Russell and Justin Long at Red Wire Audio in New York. "Chasing a Feeling" was released as the album's lead single on June 3, 2014. The promotional single from the album, "Moving Out" was released on January 12, 2016, followed by "Toe the Line" released on January 27, 2016. On October 28, 2016, the band released the songs "California Sun", followed by "Oklahoma Air" on November 9 and "Reason to Leave" on November 21 promoting the album before its release. Background and recording On July 27, 2010, the Narrative released their self-titled studio album The Narrative. After its release, they went in national tour on to promote the album. In 2011 the band made its first performance at the festival Vans Warped Tour in July followed by another CMJ Music Marathon performance in the end of the year. Later in 2012, the Narrative stated to AbsolutePunk, that they had begun writing and working on their second studio album. Recording sessions began on March 26, 2012. The band chose to record the album in a different way of the previous, recorded entirely in a closed studio. They spent one month recording the most part of the instrumentals, vocals and sounds elements and producing it, at an English cathedral barn built in 1900, in Upstate New York, Hunter. The recordings in the barn were finished in April 2012, after that the duo went to the studio Red Wire Audio in Brooklyn to finish the album tracking. The album was produced by Bryan Russell, who has produced the previous albums released by the band, and Justin Long. The band also worked with the music producer and mixer, Richard Flack, who has previously produced records for Florence and the Machine and Robbie Williams. Without a drummer member, the duo was helped by their friend Jay Scalchunes and also by Ari Sadowitz, who recorded the bass. The Narrative had announced the album's release date to the summer of 2012, but the date was delayed, due its conclusion. On June 3, 2014, was announced through their official website, its first single from the album titled "Chasing a Feeling" released on June 3, 2014. While Zeldin went on tour with the Americana band Twin Forks, Gabriel started recording a solo album with Russell. The project was announced through the Narrative's Facebook account on February 15, 2014, and on October 12, Gabriel released the album Here, Sit, Stay through digital download. The production of the album finished in April 2016, according to the website which stated that the album took longer to be finished due to the instrumentation recording of different instruments and more complex arrangements and the mixing of it in the UK with Richard Flack. The band also worked with Sam Moses for the album mastering in Nashville, TN. Also the band stated that the album was delayed due to the "budgetary constraints of the independent group leding to a slowing and eventual end of the project". Style and influences To write and compose the musical style of the Golden Silence, the band took influences from folk artists such as Counting Crows, Arcade Fire, Bon Iver, Bruce Springsteen, Regina Spektor, Modest Mouse and Jimmy Eat World. They used of different instruments, such as Koto, orchestral arrangements, horns and bass clarinet, ambient elements, violoncello, ukuleles, autoharps and accordions as well the band explored the synthpop and the contemporary pop, utilizing mixing synthesizers and electronic drums. "It's more explorative," Gabriel affirmed to NewsDay, "The release keep the same mix of female-male vocals", Zeldin added. Promotion and release After leaving the barn, the Narrative released a B-side compilation, titled B-Sides and Seasides on April 4, 2012, to fund the album production with donation packages sold through their official website. These donation packages included from digital downloads to Skype performances, exclusive items and private acoustic shows. Afterward, they published online a lyric video of the b-side track "Hallelujah" containing footages from the album recordings. The large promotion for the album came earlier when the band was featured in an interview on NewsDay on June 19, 2012, where they talked about the album production during its recording stages. On November 15, 2012, to December 9, 2012, the songs "Toe The Line" and "Moving Out" were revealed live on their small tour of the east coast on United States. In the beginning of 2014, the band start to tease previews of the songs they recorded in the album's rehearsals at the barn, onto their Instagram account. The album's track listing was published by the band on a Facebook update on September, 26. Singles On July 3, 2014, the Narrative released, to digital retailers, their lead single from the album, "Chasing a Feeling" premiered courtesy of American Songwriter. The music video for "Chasing a Feeling" was directed by the photographers Sean O'Kane with help of Hilary J. Corts, and shot on November 11, 2013, at Allentown, PA. It was premiered on July 28, 2014, on Idolator. Promotional singles "Moving Out" was released as a promotional single on January 12, 2016, through digital download. Different from the first single, "Moving Out" features the style of alternative rock and pop punk. The following promotional single "Toe the Line" was released on January 27, 2016. On October 28, 2016, the band released the song "California Sun" to announce the release date of the album. Still promoting the album release, the band premiered on November 9, 2016, the song "Oklahoma Air" along with the pre-order of the album on the iTunes Store. Its last single, before the album release, "Reason to Leave" was released November 21, 2016.

30305674

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltaliman%C4%B1

Baltalimanı

Baltalimani is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Sariyer, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 5,151 (2022). It lies at a bay of the European coast of Bosporus. The name means "axe port" in Turkish. The place is known for the Treaty of Balta Liman, signed between Great Britain and the Ottoman Empire in 1838.

41609061

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20Antarctic%20North%20Victoria%20Land%20Expeditions

German Antarctic North Victoria Land Expeditions

The German Antarctic North Victoria Land Expeditions, usually referred to by the acronym GANOVEX with an appended Roman numeral to identify a particular expedition, are a series of largely ship-based geoscientific expeditions, mainly to northern Victoria Land in Antarctica, though some work has been carried out at other Antarctic locations. The expeditions are sponsored by the Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR - the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources) in conjunction and cooperation with government agencies and academic institutions in Germany and elsewhere. Originally work focussed on reconstructing the Gondwanan breakup and relationships between Antarctica, Australia and the micro-continents of Tasmania and New Zealand. Subsequent research includes the geodynamics of the Paleozoic, 500 million year old, Ross Orogen on the edge of the Paleopacific Ocean, and the genesis of the Cenozoic continental Ross Sea Rift and the uplift of its western flank in the area of the Transantarctic Mountains. Expeditions The first expedition (GANOVEX I) took place in 1979-1980. The second (GANOVEX II) took place in 1981-1982 but was aborted following the sinking of its supply ship Gotland II.

2250046

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20P.%20Gillen

Charles P. Gillen

Charles Patrick Gillen (August 6, 1876 - June 30, 1956) was the Democratic mayor of Newark, New Jersey, from 1917 to 1921. He was the first mayor under the reincorporation as a City Commission form of government. Biography He was born in County Roscommon, Ireland on August 6, 1876. He was the son of Thomas Gillen and Mary A. Conry. He married Margaret Carey in 1923. He had a real estate business before entering politics. He was the mayor of Newark, New Jersey, from 1917 to 1921. He was a delegate to the 1932 Democratic National Convention. He died on June 30, 1956, at Saint Michael's Medical Center in Newark, New Jersey, aged 79 and was buried at Mount Olivet Cemetery, Newark.

54726318

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmad%20Irfani

Emmad Irfani

Emmad Irfani (Urdu: ) is a Pakistani model and actor. He has done lead roles in many TV serials from Geo Entertainment, ARY Digital and Hum TV while as a fashion model he has worked with national and international brands. Early life and career Of Kashmiri Muslim descent, Irfani belongs to a family of military background, thus visiting almost all Pakistan during his childhood till his father retired and settled in Lahore. Filmmaker Farjad Nabi is his cousin. He did his Graduation and Masters from Lahore. Irfani was forced into modelling by a family member in 2002. He first worked with HSY then with Khaadi, Hang Ten, Charcoal, Nilopher Shahid, Bunto Kazmi, Nomi Ansari, Deepak Perwani, Maria B, Karma and others. He also worked with some international brands such Versace Dior, Levis, DKNY, Parada and Armani in Paris and Milan. He won Best Male model awards at the Lux Style Awards and MTV Pakistan style awards, and subsequently was nominated in 2006 and 2007. In 2013 he started focusing on acting and since worked for many TV serials including Geo TV, ARY Digital and Hum TV. In 2018 he launched his film career with a cameo role in his cousin Farjad Nabi's box-office hit film 7 Din Mohabbat In and his debut lead role upcoming film is Aasmaan Bolay Ga (2023) directed by Shoaib Mansoor. Filmography Television Telefilms Films Personal life Irfani had a son, Zaviyar, who died at a young age in 2023.

53551012

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921%20Russian%20Supreme%20Soviet%20election

1921 Russian Supreme Soviet election

Elections to the 9th All-Russian Congress of Soviets were held in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in the spring of 1921 (not to be confused with the 10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)). They were the second elections in the history of the Soviet government, with the first such election in 1919, also to the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, not including one to the Petrograd Soviet in 1917, before the last stage of the Russian Revolution. There was some tension that year because of the revolt of sailors in the Kronstadt rebellion, actions of the Workers Opposition and monarchists, recent failure of a "communist uprising" in Germany (so called March Action), all while the fierce Russian Civil War continued unabated. As the Bolshevik party, later called the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was reshaped by the elections, the Soviet government felt pressured to take action, so it attempted to welcome foreign investments with agreements of cooperation with Great Britain, Persia, and Afghanistan, nationalized of mosques in Crimea and began to implement the New Economic Policy or NEP. While the foreign policy efforts by Soviet Russia led to increased recognition internationally, other efforts faltered. The following year, the Soviet Union would be formed with the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and the All-Union Congress of Soviets would serve as the unicameral legislature for the whole Soviet state, a position it would occupy until 1938 when the Supreme Soviet of Russia would be created. Conduct The elections were considered to be a "semi-free" by some, because non-Bolshevik candidates could stand for office.

41917788

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta%20Historic%20District%20%28Sparta%2C%20Illinois%29

Sparta Historic District (Sparta, Illinois)

The Sparta Historic District is a residential historic district in Sparta, Illinois. The district consists of fourteen homes in a neighborhood of southern Sparta known as Bricktown. As indicated by the neighborhood's name, all but one of the houses are brick buildings; the remaining house is a wooden Victorian home with a decorative brick chimney. The houses were constructed between 1860 and 1879 and exhibit a variety of architectural styles, including Federal, Gothic Revival, Greek Revival, Italianate, and Victorian. Developer William Rosborough, who lived in the house at 303 West Third Street, planned the district to be an exclusive neighborhood. Rosborough's plans for the district made extensive use of the bricks produced by Sparta's brickmaking industry; in addition to the houses, the neighborhood's streets and sidewalks were originally paved with brick. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 3, 1982.

1779656

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macleod%20%28federal%20electoral%20district%29

Macleod (federal electoral district)

Macleod was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1968 and from 1988 to 2015. It was a mostly rural riding in southwest Alberta, however it extended as far north as the outer suburbs of Calgary, and in its final years included a few slivers of Calgary itself. It covered the Municipal District of Foothills No. 31, Municipal District of Willow Creek No. 26, Municipal District of Pincher Creek No. 9, Municipal District of Ranchland No. 66, Vulcan County, the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass, and Kananaskis Improvement District. It also included the towns of Okotoks, Cochrane, and High River. Demographics According to the Canada 2011 Census Ethnic groups: 84.1% White, 12.1% Aboriginal Languages: 87.7% English, 3.6% German, 1.4% French, ~1.8% Blackfoot (Blackfoot counted as "Other language" on the Census; this number derived from "other language" speakers on Blackfoot reserves) Religions: 67.4% Christian (22.7% Catholic, 12.2% United Church, 6.0% Anglican, 2.9% Lutheran, 1.8% Pentecostal, 1.6% Baptist, 1.4% Presbyterian, 18.8% Other Christian), 1.9% Traditional Aboriginal spirituality, 28.9% No religion Median income (2010): $33,338 History This riding was originally created in 1907 from parts of District of Alberta and Calgary ridings. It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Rocky Mountain, Palliser Crowfoot, Lethbridge and Medicine Hat ridings. It was re-created in 1987 from Bow River, Lethbridge--Foothills, Medicine Hat and Wild Rose ridings. Due to the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution the riding was abolished prior to the next election. Most of the riding was transferred to the new riding of Foothills. Small parts were also transferred to Bow River, Medicine Hat--Cardston--Warner and Banff--Airdrie. Small portions that had been annexed into Calgary joined Calgary Midnapore and Calgary Signal Hill. Members of Parliament This riding has elected the following members of the House of Commons of Canada: Current Member of Parliament The seat was last held by John Barlow, a Conservative and a former newspaper editor, who was elected in a by-election on June 30, 2014 following the resignation of Ted Menzies on November 6, 2013. Election results 1988-2015 Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of Progressive Conservative and Canadian Alliance vote in 2000. Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997. 1908-1968 Note: NDP vote is compared to CCF vote in 1958 election. Note: Progressive Conservative vote is compared to "National Government" vote in 1940 election. Note: "National Government" vote is compared to Conservative vote in 1935 election. 'Note: George Gibson Coote's CCF vote is compared to his UFA vote in 1930 election.Note: UFA vote is compared to Progressive vote in 1925 election.Note: Conservative vote is compared to Unionist vote in 1917 election.Note: Unionist vote is compared to Liberal-Conservative vote in 1911 election.''

13016018

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium%20pentoxide

Niobium pentoxide

Niobium pentoxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Nb2O5. A colorless, insoluble, and fairly unreactive solid, it is the most widespread precursor for other compounds and materials containing niobium. It is predominantly used in alloying, with other specialized applications in capacitors, optical glasses, and the production of lithium niobate. Structure It has many polymorphic forms all based largely on octahedrally coordinated niobium atoms. The polymorphs are identified with a variety of prefixes. The form most commonly encountered is monoclinic H-Nb2O5, which has a complex structure with a unit cell containing 28 niobium atoms and 70 oxygen, where 27 of the niobium atoms are octahedrally coordinated and one tetrahedrally. There is an uncharacterised solid hydrate, , the so-called niobic acid (previously called columbic acid), which can be prepared by hydrolysis of a basic solution of niobium pentachloride or Nb2O5 dissolved in HF. Molten niobium pentoxide has lower mean coordination numbers than the crystalline forms, with a structure comprising mostly NbO5 and NbO6 polyhedra. Production Hydrolysis Nb2O5 is prepared by hydrolysis of alkali-metal niobates, alkoxides or fluoride using base. Such ostensibly simple procedures afford hydrated oxides that can then be calcined. Pure Nb2O5 can also be prepared by hydrolysis of NbCl5: 2 NbCl5 + 5 H2O - Nb2O5 + 10 HCl A method of production via sol-gel techniques has been reported hydrolysing niobium alkoxides in the presence of acetic acid, followed by calcination of the gels to produce the orthorhombic form, T-Nb2O5. Oxidation Given that Nb2O5 is the most common and robust compound of niobium, many methods, both practical and esoteric, exist for its formation. The oxide for example, arises when niobium metal is oxidised in air. The oxidation of niobium dioxide, NbO2 in air forms the polymorph, L-Nb2O5. Nano-sized niobium pentoxide particles have been synthesized by LiH reduction of NbCl5, followed by aerial oxidation as part of a synthesis of nano structured niobates. Reactions Nb2O5 is attacked by HF and dissolves in fused alkali. Reduction to the metal The conversion of Nb2O5 is the main route for the industrial production of niobium metal. In the 1980s, about 15,000,000 kg of Nb2O5 were consumed annually for reduction to the metal. The main method is reduction of this oxide with aluminium: 3 Nb2O5 + 10 Al - 6 Nb + 5 Al2O3 An alternative but less practiced route involves carbothermal reduction, which proceeds via reduction with carbon and forms the basis of the two stage Balke process: Nb2O5 + 7 C - 2 NbC + 5 CO (heated under vacuum at 1800 degC) 5 NbC + Nb2O5 - 7 Nb + 5 CO Conversion to halides Many methods are known for conversion of Nb2O5 to the halides. The main problem is incomplete reaction to give the oxyhalides. In the laboratory, the conversion can be effected with thionyl chloride: Nb2O5 + 5 SOCl2 - 2 NbCl5 + 5 SO2 Nb2O5 reacts with CCl4 to give niobium oxychloride NbOCl3. Conversion to niobates Treating Nb2O5 with aqueous NaOH at 200 degC can give crystalline sodium niobate, NaNbO3 whereas the reaction with KOH may yield soluble Lindqvist-type hexaniobates, . Lithium niobates such as LiNbO3 and Li3NbO4 can be prepared by reaction lithium carbonate and Nb2O5. Conversion to reduced niobium oxides High temperature reduction with H2 gives NbO2: Nb2O5 + H2 - 2 NbO2 + H2O Niobium monoxide arises from a comproportionation using an arc-furnace: Nb2O5 + 3Nb - 5 NbO The burgundy-coloured niobium(III) oxide, one of the first superconducting oxides, can be prepared again by an comproportionation: Li3NbO4 + 2 NbO - 3 LiNbO2 Uses Niobium pentoxide is used mainly in the production of niobium metal, but specialized applications exist in the production of optical glasses and lithium niobate. Thin films of Nb2O5 form the dielectric layers in niobium electrolytic capacitors. Nb2O5 have been considered for use as an anode in a lithium ion battery, given that their ordered crystalline structure allows charging speeds of 225 mAh g-1 at 200 mA g-1 across 400 cycles, at a Coulombic efficiency of 99.93%.

124775

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont%20Vernon%2C%20New%20Hampshire

Mont Vernon, New Hampshire

Mont Vernon is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,584 at the 2020 census, up from 2,409 at the 2010 census. It is not clear why it is spelled differently from the many other towns in the United States named after Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington. Some say the "u" in "Mount" was accidentally dropped by a town clerk filling out official papers; some say the change was made deliberately to draw attention to the town; some say it uses the French spelling of "mont" as a nod to what was then the region's large French-Canadian population. According to town history, there was some dispute about how to spell the name as late as the 1920s, with the post office and one of its most prominent hotels using a "u" for many decades. History Mont Vernon broke away from neighboring Amherst in 1803, following a dispute over the town parish. It later added a small portion of neighboring Lyndeborough. Mont Vernon's general history follows that of many towns in this region. Originally settled for agriculture, its farms were hard hit after the Civil War when railroads opened up better farming land in the Midwest. The town's population peaked in 1870 and began to decline. By the late 1890s, it had become a tourist town, drawing summer visitors from points south, notably Boston, who escaped the heat in Mont Vernon's hills. At one point, it had five large summer hotels, including the Grand Hotel, located on top of Grand Hill. The hotel business began to wither with the development of the automobile, which allowed tourists to reach places like the White Mountains of New Hampshire, and it was killed by the Great Depression. The town's population bottomed out at barely 300 in 1930, at which time the Grand Hotel was destroyed in a fire. The remaining hotels were torn down before World War II. Since the war, Mont Vernon has slowly become a suburban community. This was significantly accelerated in 1962-1963 when engineers and technicians employed at Sanders Associates in Nashua found homes in Mont Vernon attractive. It wasn't until the 1970 census that the town's official population passed mid-19th century highs. Agriculture, including a 1940s and 1950s boom in chicken and egg farming, has all but disappeared. As of 2019, the town has one dairy farm. The town has one general store that except for a two-year period from 2010-2012 has operated for more than 120 years in the same location. Mont Vernon made national news in March 2012 due to debate during the annual town meeting over whether to rename a small fishing hole called Jew Pond. The town eventually renamed it Carleton Pond, after the family which donated the surrounding property to the town. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and are water, comprising 0.49% of the town. Mont Vernon is drained by Beaver Brook, Hartshorn Brook, and Purgatory Brook, south-flowing tributaries of the Souhegan River. The northwest corner of town is drained by Lords Brook, a north-flowing tributary of the South Branch Piscataquog River. The entire town is part of the Merrimack River watershed. The town's highest point is on its northern border, at above sea level, near the summit of Storey Hill. Mont Vernon is served by one state highway, New Hampshire Route 13, which passes through the center of town and leads south to Milford and north to New Boston. Adjacent municipalities New Boston, New Hampshire (north) Amherst, New Hampshire (east) Milford, New Hampshire (south) Lyndeborough, New Hampshire (west) Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 2,034 people, 693 households, and 575 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 720 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 98.57% White, 0.15% African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.10% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population. There were 693 households, out of which 43.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.7% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.9% were non-families. 12.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.17. In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.7% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.1 males. The median income for a household in the town was $71,250, and the median income for a family was $77,869. Males had a median income of $50,353 versus $32,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $30,772. About 1.0% of families and 2.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.3% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over. Education The only public school in town is the Mont Vernon Village School. It is an elementary school, with grades kindergarten to six. For 7th and 8th grades, Mont Vernon sends its students to Amherst Middle School. For 9th through 12th grades, the students are sent to Souhegan High School, which is in Amherst but jointly owned by Amherst and Mont Vernon. Mont Vernon and Amherst comprise the school administrative unit SAU 39. Mont Vernon had a private school that started as the Appleton Academy in 1853 and was renamed the McCollom Institute in 1871, which closed shortly before the turn of the century. The building was used as a public high school for a few years, and later became the private Stearns School, which operated from 1906 to 1937, when it shut due to low enrollment in the Great Depression. The building was later used for a public elementary school and now houses the police department and town offices. Fire department The former two-story Mont Vernon Fire Station, built in 1947, was located on North Main Street next to the Town Hall. This station had 6 apparatus bays. In March 2007 the town voted to raze the deteriorating building and replace it with a new fire station on the same lot. The new station has 5 apparatus bays facing North Main Street, and 1 bay facing Pinkham Avenue. The Fire Chief has his office in the station, along with a radio and report room, a meeting room, and an office for the Emergency Management Director. The station also contains maintenance, storage, and work rooms. Emergency medical services are provided by Amherst. Culture The town has two major annual celebrations: On the last Saturday in September, it hosts "Lamson Farm Day" at a town-owned farm to celebrate its agricultural past. In late April or early May, it has a celebration of spring called the "Mont Vernon Spring Gala". Both feature games, food and local entertainers. Sports The town has two sports teams that compete regionally. They are the Mont Vernon Falcons basketball team and the Mont Vernon Acers volleyball team. Both teams are for girls age 9-12. The Mont Vernon Village School (grades K-6) has a basketball court and volleyball court. Adult volleyball has been playing on Monday nights at the school since the early 1990s. The town owns land near the school that has a baseball field with bases, fencing and two dugouts. The adjacent field is also used for many other sports. Golf was played behind what is now the site of the post office is in the early 1900s. There is a gun sporting range in town (the Purgatory Falls Fish & Game Club), and local hunting can be widely found in the fall. There was a ski hill with a rope tow that disbanded in the middle of the 20th century. Mont Vernon is known for views over the Souhegan Valley and has hiking trails, especially in town-owned Lamson Farm and along Purgatory Brook, which forms most of its western border. The Morrissette Trail, opened in May 2012, goes from the lowest to the highest points in Mont Vernon for an elevation gain of (). It is sponsored by Summit for a Cure.

68616804

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality%20of%20Spring%20Bay

Municipality of Spring Bay

The Municipality of Spring Bay was a local government area in Tasmania which existed from 1860 to 1993. The council seat was at Triabunna. It was proclaimed by Governor Charles Du Cane on 10 September 1860 as the Rural Municipality of Spring Bay. The first election was held on 19 October 1860 and elected six councillors, with George Rudd becoming the first warden. It covered an area of 330,000 acres, with the main towns being Buckland, Orford, Swanston and Triabunna. It was reconstituted as the Municipality of Spring Bay with effect from 2 January 1908 under the Local Government Act 1906, which abolished existing bodies as part of sweeping local government reform but established a municipality of the same name with similar boundaries. Its boundaries were then explained as: "[extending] from Richmond on the west, to the eastern shores of Maria Island, north to Little Swanport River or Glamorgan municipality, and southerly to the Sorell municipality". It was then divided into three wards. The council built a new council chambers and community centre in the 1950s. It amalgamated with the Municipality of Glamorgan to form the Glamorgan-Spring Bay Council in April 1993.

5733240

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesar%20Carrillo

Cesar Carrillo

Cesar Carrillo (born April 29, 1984) is an American professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball with the San Diego Padres in 2009. Carrillo was a 2005 first round draft pick by the Padres, selected #18 overall. He was inducted to the University of Miami Baseball Hall of Fame in 2019, where he went 24-0 to start his career. Carrillo was released by the Detroit Tigers in 2013, after he was implicated in the Bio-Genesis scandal, he served a 100- game suspension under the Tigers minor league system. He was with the Arizona Diamondbacks in 2014. Amateur career High school Carrillo attended Mt. Carmel High School in Chicago which boasts other famous sports alums such as Donovan McNabb, Simeon Rice, Antoine Walker, Chris Chelios, and Denny McLain, where he was a two sport star in both basketball and baseball. As a junior, Carrillo decided to concentrate solely on baseball. He played both shortstop and pitcher. As a shortstop, he broke the school's single season hit record with 52 hits his junior year to go along with a 5-1 record and a 1.12 ERA. His senior year, Carrillo posted a 9-1 record with an ERA of 0.96 while batting .370 with 5 home runs and 48 RBI which led to his selection to the All-State team. College Carrillo chose to attend the University of Miami to play baseball for head coach Jim Morris. However, under NCAA regulations, a low score on the ACT exam which Carrillo took to gain entry into the university forced him to sit out the entire 2003 season. In Carrillo went 12-0 with two saves while keeping his ERA at 2.69 and compiling 91 strikeouts in 113.2 innings pitched. After the 2004 season, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Brewster Whitecaps of the Cape Cod Baseball League. Carrillo continued the undefeated streak at Miami in by going 12-0 in his first 15 games until his winning streak was ended against the Clemson University Tigers. Carrillo still managed to obtain one of the most remarkable (albeit not record breaking) streaks in the history of college baseball by starting his career with a record of 24-0. However, Carrillo lost his last two decisions as a starter, the final one coming against Nebraska and Joba Chamberlain in the 2005 Super Regional. Carrillo still compiled impressive stats in the 2005 season by going 13-3 with one save and a 2.22 ERA while striking out 127 batters in 125.2 innings pitched. Professional career San Diego Padres Minor leagues Carrillo was drafted in the 1st round, 18th overall in the 2005 MLB Draft by the San Diego Padres. Carrillo signed immediately even though he felt that what the Padres offered him did not match what he felt he deserved. However, Carrillo felt that in the end, his skills would do all the negotiating for him and when he signed his next contract, his loyalty and willingness to prove himself would ultimately translate into a large contract. Carrillo, by most scouts' accounts, was the most "Major League ready" pitcher in the entire draft and it was expected that he could reach the big leagues as a starter within the next year or so. According to Sports Illustrated, Carrillo's "stuff" (his array of pitches) is of Major League caliber. In 2007 scout.com ranked him as the number 1 prospect in the Padres' organization, while Baseball America moved him down to the number 2 prospect, after ranking him number 1 the year before. Carrillo throws a fastball, which has been clocked at 97 MPH, along with a change-up, curveball, and two-seam fastball that reaches somewhere between 89 and 91 MPH and has a lot of movement. Carrillo began his professional career with the Single-A Lake Elsinore Storm where he started 7 games and went 1-2 with a 7.01 ERA with 29 strikeouts in 25.2 innings pitched. He then made his way up to Double-A Mobile where he went 1-3 with a 3.02 ERA to go along with 43 strikeouts in 50.2 innings pitched. On May 19, Carrillo joined the Triple-A Portland Beavers. However, he was only able to pitch 2.2 innings because of tightness in his right throwing elbow. Carrillo was sent to the Padre team specialist in San Diego and was told that he would need to rehab the elbow for roughly a month. Carrillo, as well as the Padre organization, were pleased with this as opposed to Carrillo being forced to have surgery. However, in early 2007, Carrillo's arm had not responded to rest and it was determined he needed Tommy John surgery on his elbow. He rehabbed and came back to pitch in June 2008, finishing up the year with Lake Elsinore Storm. His arm strength and control improved during the summer. Carrillo played with the San Antonio Missions in 2009. Carrillo pitched well in Class AA during the second half of 2009, and was promoted to AAA Portland on July 29. Carrillo made his Major league debut on August 13, 2009, against the Milwaukee Brewers, giving up three home runs. He went 1-2 in three starts with San Diego. Carrillo competed for a spot in the starting rotation in Spring training 2010. However, he did not make the team and was optioned to Triple A Portland. On September 2, 2010, he was designated for assignment by the Padres Philadelphia Phillies On September 9, 2010, Carrillo was claimed off waivers by the Philadelphia Phillies. He was only with the organization for 3 days, as the Phillies designated him for assignment on September 12. The Padres then reclaimed Carrillo off waivers on September 15. Houston Astros On September 22, 2010, Carrillo was claimed off waivers by the Houston Astros. He was released on April 29, 2011. Detroit Tigers At the beginning of spring training in 2012, however, Carrillo remained an unsigned free agent. In June 2012, Carrillo signed a minor league contract with the Detroit Tigers. On January 29, 2013, Carrillo was one of seven baseball players involved in a Miami New Times steroid probe investigation. On March 15, he was suspended for 100 games for violating the Minor League Drug Prevention and Treatment Program. Sugar Land Skeeters The Tigers released him after the conclusion of his suspension and he signed with the independent Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. Arizona Diamondbacks Carrillo signed a minor league deal with the Arizona Diamondbacks in January 2014. Broncos de Reynosa In 2015, he signed with the Broncos de Reynosa of the Mexican League. After the season, he was selected to the roster for the Mexico national baseball team at the 2015 WBSC Premier12. Carrillo began the 2016 season with the Broncos. Pericos de Puebla Partway through the season, Carrillo joined the Pericos de Puebla. Sultanes de Monterrey Carrillo completed the 2016 season with the Sultanes de Monterrey. Carrillo played the entire 2017 season with the Sultanes. Bravos de Leon Carrillo joined the Bravos de Leon for the 2018 season, and began the 2019 season with the Bravos. Tecolotes de los Dos Laredos Partway through the 2019 season, Carrillo joined the Tecolotes de los Dos Laredos. He was released on July 27, 2019.

33857783

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown%20House%20%28Conway%2C%20Arkansas%29

Brown House (Conway, Arkansas)

The Brown House is a historic house at 1604 Caldwell Street in Conway, Arkansas. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with Colonial Revival and Queen Anne features. It has a tall hip roof, from with gables project, some finished in decoratively cut shingles. It has a wraparound porch supported by Ionic columns with a balustrade of urn-shaped spindles. It was designed by prolific Arkansas architect Charles L. Thompson and built about 1900. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

46536234

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farida%20Abdulla%20Khan

Farida Abdulla Khan

Farida Abdulla Khan (born 7 December 1951) is currently a professor in the Department of Educational Studies at Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI), Delhi, India. She is also the managing editor of Contemporary Dialogue in Education by Sage. Earlier, She was a former Dean of Education at JMI. Khan earned a masters in developmental psychology from the City University of New York in 1989 and a PhD in developmental psychology at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York in 1994. She has taught in many institutes, including Delhi University and Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU). In 2011, she was appointed as a member of the Task Force on Research and Evaluation by National Advisory Council. Since 2013, she has also been a member of the National Commission for Minorities. She actively writes on Kashmir issues and educational issues of backward communities and minorities.

54175101

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1901%20Villanova%20Wildcats%20football%20team

1901 Villanova Wildcats football team

The 1901 Villanova Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented Villanova University as an independent during the 1901 college football season. The team compiled a 2-3 record. A September 1901 account in The Philadelphia Inquirer identified John F. Bagley as the team's coach. However, the Villanova Football Media Guide identifies John J. Egan as the coach. Egan was also a player on the team.

56764433

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conor%20Simpson

Conor Simpson

Conor Simpson (born 1994) is a competitive performer of Irish stepdance from Canberra, Australia. Having begun dancing at his mother's school at the age of nine, Simpson has been highly successful in local and international competition. He is one of the few Australians to win a title at Oireachtas Rince na Cruinne (the Irish Dancing World Championships), and has also performed professionally. Personal life Born in Canberra in 1994 to Irish dancing teacher Monica Simpson, Simpson grew up with his father, mother and sister. He played soccer and rugby league as a child during his education at Marist College, taking up Irish dance only after being "bribed" by his mother and sister into taking classes. He is currently studying a double degree in finance and economics at Australian National University. Competitive career Simpson took classes at his mother's Simpson Academy of Irish Dance from the age of nine. He won seven age group titles at the ACT Championships, as well as winning his section at the Australian Irish Dancing Championships in 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2017. In 2009, he competed at Oireachtas Rince na Cruinne, the World Championships of An Coimisiun Le Rinci Gaelacha, for the first time, placing third in his section. He returned in 2010 and 2013, placing third and fourth respectively. In 2013, after finishing his secondary education, Simpson spent a gap year in Belfast, Northern Ireland, training and competing with former world champion dancer Gerard Carson at the Carson-Kennedy Academy. That year, in addition to Oireachtas Rince na Cruinne, he competed in a number of other major international championships, including the All Scotland Championships and All Ireland Championships. After placing third at Oireachtas Rince na Cruinne in 2014 and second at the North American National Championships the same year, Simpson returned to Carson in Ireland for six weeks at the end of 2014. After a period of intense training, Simpson won the men's 20-21 years championship at Oireachtas Rince na Cruinne 2015 in Montreal, Canada, becoming only the sixth Australian to win an individual title at the World Championships. Simpson returned to the Worlds in 2017 after spending time as a professional dancer, placing third in the open age men's competition. His preparation for competition, though restricted by his university studies, had expanded to four dance classes a week in addition to a strength and conditioning program, totalling some 20 hours a week. Performance career In late 2015, following his competitive success, Simpson was approached by producers for the Australian tour of Irish dance show Lord of the Dance. He successfully auditioned along with another local male dancer, and was immediately flown to Adelaide to join the tour, which left Australia for Broadway shortly afterwards.

63938823

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina%20Kahniashvili

Tina Kahniashvili

Tina Kahniashvili is a Georgian physicist and researcher. She studies theoretical cosmology, gravitational waves, theoretical astrophysics (including magnetohydrodynamics and cosmological turbulence), and dark energy. She is a professor of physics and astronomy at Ilia State University, an associate research professor at Carnegie Mellon University, and is the main scientist at Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory. Education Kahniashvili first studied at Tbilisi State University, where she completed several degrees with highest honors. She obtained Bachelor of Science degrees in physics education (1983) and theoretical physics (1984) before pursuing a Master of Science in physics with a further concentration in theoretical physics in 1984. Her master's thesis was entitled "Gauge Invariant Theory of Gravitational Perturbations" and was supervised by Vladimir Nikolaevich Lukash. In 1988, Kahniashvili completed a Ph.D in physics at the Russian Space Research Institute (IKI). Her dissertation was titled "Gravitational Instability in the Universe with Weakly Interacting Particles," and her work was again supervised by Lukash, now joined by Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov. She completed a senior doctoral fellowship at the Astro Space Center of Russian Academy of Sciences in 1999. Kahniashvili went on to earn a Sc.D (Habilitation) in physical and mathematical sciences at the Lebedev Physical Institute in 2000, a branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Her final dissertation was titled "Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies and Large Scale Structure Formation." Career and research From 1988 to 2007, Kahniashvili held numerous faculty positions across Georgia, the United States, and Europe. Her first position as a researcher at Georgia's Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory was followed by a succession of staff scientist and professor positions. Now, she holds positions as an associate research professor at Carnegie Mellon University, a professor of physics and astronomy at Ilia State University, and as the main scientist at Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory. Kahniashvili is a member of the American Physical Society, the American Astronomical Society, and the International Astronomical Union in addition to her positions at various universities and observatories. Her research career took her to Italy, Sweden, and Switzerland, where she researched alongside Axel Brandenburg and Ruth Durrer, before the bulk of her United States career began. She first worked in the U.S. in 2000 at Rutgers University, where she worked alongside Arthur Kosowsky researching the cosmic microwave background and gravitational waves from [[primordial turbulence and magnetic fields as a visiting scientist. She went on to research at Kansas State University from 2005, then at New York University from 2006 until 2008. Her research interests are varied; they include topics from early gravitational waves and the large-scale structure of the universe to massive gravity. Kahniashvili's recent work includes investigations of the generation of gravitational waves from the early universe and their detection, magnetohydrodynamics and fluid turbulence, and massive gravity. She has written over 120 publications in her chosen fields.

57455951

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palungtar%20Airport

Palungtar Airport

Palungtar Airport also known as Gorkha Airport, was an airport serving the municipalities Palungtar and Gorkha of Gorkha District in the Southern region of Gandaki Province of Nepal. History The airport was originally opened in October 1960. It is currently out of operation, for which the District of Gorkha has no active airport as of 2018. It used to serve as a main tourist gateway to the former royal city of Gorkha and its palaces, but lost importance after the area received road connectivity, namely Prithivi Highway. Despite being out of operation, the airport served as a major landing site for helicopters distributing relief material after the Gorkha earthquake in 2015. Facilities The airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level. It had one grass/clay runway which is in length. Former airlines and destinations Until 1979, Nepal Airlines operated several routes from the airport.

15327043

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph-Th%C3%A9ophile%20Larochelle

Joseph-Théophile Larochelle

Joseph-Theophile Larochelle (November 19, 1877 - October 8, 1954) was a politician of Quebec, Canada and a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (MLA). Early life He was born on November 19, 1877 near Levis, Chaudiere-Appalaches and worked in Massachusetts for four years. Local politics Larochelle served as a city councillor and as a school board member in Levis. Member of the legislature He ran as an Action liberale nationale candidate in the district of Levis in the 1935 provincial election and won. Larochelle joined Maurice Duplessis's Union Nationale and was re-elected in the 1936 election. He was defeated by Liberal candidate Joseph-Georges Francoeur in the 1939 election. Political comeback Larochelle was re-elected in the 1944 and 1948 elections. He became Minister without Portfolio in 1944. Legislative Councillor He resigned in 1948 to accept a seat in the Legislative Council of Quebec and represented the division of La Salle until his death. Death He died on October 8, 1954 in Levis.

18744770

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Warne

Frank Warne

Frank Belmont Warne (3 October 1906 - 29 May 1994) was an Australian first-class cricketer who played for teams on four continents during a 95-game career that stretched from the mid-1920s to the early 1940s. Early life Warne was born in North Carlton, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria. His father, Tom Warne, played 46 first-class cricket matches, mostly for Victoria. Early career in Australia Warne made his first-class debut for Victoria against Tasmania at the MCG in January 1927. He scored 20 in his only innings, and picked up five wickets in the match as Victoria won the game by an innings. Although he played several minor games for Victoria Colts over the next couple of seasons - he once took 12 wickets against South Australia Colts -- his only other first-class appearance for Victoria came against Tasmania (again) in February 1929. Warne opened the batting in the first innings, but made only 1; he was more successful with 33 not out down the order in the second innings. He never played in the Sheffield Shield. Career in England and India It was five years before Warne would taste first-class cricket again, and when the time came it was in England, for Worcestershire, taking 3-33 in the first innings against Oxford University. Late in the season, he played three County Championship games, hitting 62 against Yorkshire. That winter, he went to India and after one appearance for the Indian University Occasionals against a Viceroy's XI, he played for Retrievers in the Moin-ud-Dowlah Gold Cup Tournament. After a win by a concession in the semi-final (opponents Hyderabad Cricket Association XI were heading for an innings defeat) Retrievers won the final against Freelooters by three wickets, although Warne's contribution was minimal (one wicket, one catch and 2 in his only innings). He then played for the Europeans against the Hindus in the Bombay Quadrangular, taking four first-innings wickets and scoring 49 and 1, though the Europeans were defeated by an innings. Warne was back with Worcestershire for the 1935 English season, and had the most successful summer of his career. He hit precisely 1,000 first-class runs (the only time he ever achieved that landmark), and took 44 wickets, by some distance his highest season's tally. From then until 1938, he was largely a county player, although in both 1935-36 and 1937-38 (but not 1936-37) he went back to India in the English winters to play for a variety of teams, including three times for the semi-official Australians in 1935-36 and once in each season for the Europeans. His best first-class bowling return was the 6-51 he took for Worcestershire against Northamptonshire in July 1935, while in May 1936, he made his highest first-class score when he struck 115 for Worcestershire against Lancashire. After leaving the first class game, Warne played for Rishton in 1939 and 1946, before moving north to Lancaster in the Ribblesdale League, where he enjoyed great success and by 18 June 1949, in barely two and a half seasons taking 266 league wickets. Later career in South Africa Warne made no first-class appearances in 1939, instead turning out (with some success) as the professional for Rishton in the Lancashire League. He then went to South Africa and played once for Transvaal in 1941-42. His career came to an end the following season, when he played two games. The first was in December 1942 for The Rest against an Air Force XI, in which he scored 108; while his last first-class game of all came in March 1943, when he appeared for The Rest against the First South African Division; he took five wickets in the match and scored 21 and 42*. Warne died on 29 May 1994 in Edenvale, Gauteng, South Africa, at the age of 87.

19286691

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eversti

Eversti

Eversti (Colonel) is an officer's rank in Finland, immediately above Everstiluutnantti (Lieutenant Colonel) and below Prikaatikenraali (Brigadier General). It literally means "the highest" and has originally been a rank for regiment commanders. In Finland, brigades are also commanded by holders of this rank. It is the highest rank below general officers. Finnish Defense Forces rank of Eversti is comparable to OF-5 NATO rank. History Colonels (eversti) have usually fulfilled roles similar to Brigadier General in other armies. Indeed, the rank of Brigadier General (prikaatikenraali) has been introduced relatively recently, enabling better compatibility of ranks in peacekeeping operations. In most large military installations such as training brigades, the commander is a Colonel, and several officers of the General Staff, such as inspectors of services, are also Colonels. Promotion to colonel requires graduation from a general staff officer course (80 study credits).

67042355

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TET%20Stadium%20%26%20Events%20Centre

TET Stadium & Events Centre

TET Stadium & Events Centre is a multi-purpose sports facility in Inglewood, New Zealand. It is one of the home grounds of the Taranaki Mitre 10 Cup side . The ground also plays host to local side Inglewood United F.C. and to the Inglewood & Taranaki athletics clubs. The facility was home to the Mitre 10 Cup side between 2020 and 2021 when it moved from Yarrow Stadium in New Plymouth which was closed for renovations to comply with earthquake regulations. The facility was used as a training venue for the 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup, with the local Taranaki side having to move out of the venue for the duration of the tournament. It features an all weather athletics track around the main field, a 1,000 seat covered grandstand and on the opposite side four large changing rooms, one smaller changing room. Upstairs in the pavilion, a balcony over looks the venue with bar, kitchen and conference facilities available. Temporary infrastructure was built to be able to host Mitre 10 Cup matches in 2020, including a camera tower, commentary and coaches boxes. History The New Zealand Amateur Athletics Association set up the Taranaki Community Stadium Trust in 1985 to raise funds to build and all-weather athletic track in New Plymouth. The track and complex was considered by New Plymouth District Council in late 1997 and eventually the Jubilee Park location in Inglewood was selected. Olympic athlete Norman Read was a central figure in creating the vision for the centre. Many individuals, clubs and local businesses gave time and energy to the project which took 15 years from conception to completion. It was the first New Zealand venue to have an Olympic class Mondo track installed.

23966974

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acontia%20areletta

Acontia areletta

Acontia areletta is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1907. It is found in Mexico. The length of the forewings is 12-14 mm for both males and females. Adults are on wing from October to November depending on the location.

53819964

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro%20Manila%20Subway

Metro Manila Subway

The Metro Manila Subway, formerly known as the Mega Manila Subway (MMS), is an under-construction underground rapid transit line in Metro Manila, Philippines. The line, which will run north-south between Quezon City, Pasig, Makati, Taguig, Paranaque and Pasay, consists of 15 stations between the and stations. It will become the country's second direct airport rail link after the North-South Commuter Railway, with a branch line to Ninoy Aquino International Airport. Dubbed as the "Project of the Century" in the country, the subway line's groundbreaking took place on February 27, 2019, and construction began the following December. Construction however suffered delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is scheduled to be partially opened in 2025, and will be fully operational by 2029. The project is expected to cost P355.6billion (equivalent to US$ in 2017 dollars). Much of its cost is covered by a loan provided by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The line is integrated with the public transit system in Metro Manila, and passengers also take various forms of road-based public transport, such as buses and jeepneys, to and from a station to reach their intended destination. The line is also designed to connect with other urban rail transit services in the region. Riders may transfer to LRT Line 1, MRT Line 3, and MRT Line 7 at the nearby North Triangle Common Station, which is also currently under construction. Other connections include the existing LRT Line 2 and PNR Metro Commuter Line, as well as the planned Makati Intra-city Subway, the MRT Line 4, and MRT Line 8. Proposed route The first phase was initially planned to be long. However, it is estimated to be actually long. The project involves the construction of 17 stations in its first phase (listed from north to south): The following phases of the subway project would involve extending lines up to San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, north of Metro Manila ( from the proposed Mindanao Avenue station), and down to Dasmarinas, Cavite, south of Metro Manila ( from the proposed Ninoy Aquino International Airport station). The entire system, when completed, will serve up to 1.74 million passengers daily. The initial plan was later modified in June 2020, with DOTr adding the East Valenzuela, Lawton, and Senate stations. The East Valenzuela station will be located in the subway's depot, while the Lawton and Senate stations replaced the Cayetano Boulevard station. However, these modifications are subject to the approval of NEDA and JICA. DOTr and JICA also propose a physical connection and interoperability between the North-South Commuter Railway and MMS. It proposes MMS rolling stock to switch over to the at-grade NSCR-South tracks around the area, via a physical connection of the tracks and electrical supply, and operate through services to NSCR-South stations from towards and vice versa. History Background The idea of building a subway in the Greater Manila Area had been forwarded as early as 1973, when the JICA (at the time known as the Overseas Technical Cooperation Agency or OTCA) and former Secretary of Public Works and Highways David Consunji conducted a study on what shall later be Metro Manila (formally constituted on November 7, 1975). The 1973 plan was known as the Urban Transport Study in Manila Metropolitan Area (UTSMMA). It was also proposed to be part of the 1977 Metro Manila Transport, Land Use and Development Planning Project (MMETROPLAN), which was funded by the World Bank. However, the plan was not included and implemented, for some of the areas included in the plan, such as Marikina and Cainta, are prone to flooding. Instead, what was built was the Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1, opened on December 1, 1984 and completed on May 12, 1985. According to Felino Palafox, the LRT was the most feasible transport system at that time. Nevertheless, the current Manila Light Rail Transit System (mostly elevated) is shorter than the line system forwarded in 1973. The 1973 plan provided for the construction of five heavy rail subway lines in Metro Manila. The first line (Line 1) would have a length of , running from Constitution Hills (now Batasan Hills), Quezon City to Talon, Las Pinas. The second line (Line 2), meanwhile, would be long from Novaliches, Quezon City to Cainta, Rizal, while Line 3 for throughout Epifanio de los Santos Avenue. The fourth line (Line 4) would have been long from Marikina to Zapote, Bacoor, and the fifth line would have a length of from Rizal Avenue, Manila to Meycauayan, Bulacan. The plan would have resolved the traffic problems of Metro Manila and would have taken 15 years to complete, or until 1988. The project was proposed once more in the 2014 Metro Manila Dream Plan as a line that would serve as the second north-south mass transit backbone for the newly expanded Greater Capital Region (the first being the North-South Commuter Railway). The Metro Manila Dream Plan (formally titled the Roadmap for Transport Infrastructure Development for Metro Manila and Its Surrounding Areas) is an integrated plan, created on the basis of recommendations from a study conducted by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). It was approved by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Board in June 2014, to last until 2030. The program aims to improve the transport system in Metro Manila, Philippines, with the hope of turning it into a focal point for addressing Metro Manila's interlinked problems in the areas of transportation, land use, and environment. Development The development of the project was approved by the Investment Coordination Committee (ICC) board of the National Economic and Development Authority on September 6, 2017, subject to secondary approval by the NEDA Board. The development was approved by the NEDA Board headed by President Rodrigo Duterte six days later. On March 16, 2018, the Philippine and Japanese governments signed a loan agreement for the subway. The first tranche of the official development assistance from the Japan International Cooperation Agency amounted to Y=104.5 billion (). The second tranche of the loan, signed on February 10, 2022, amounted to Y=253.3 billion (). In November 2018, OC Global, a Japanese consortium consisting of Oriental Consultants Global Co. Ltd., Tokyo Metro Co. Ltd., Katahira & Engineers International, Pacific Consultants Co Ltd., Tonichi Engineering Consultants, Inc., and Metro Development Co. Ltd., was awarded the contract for the consulting services of the line. The line was originally slated to begin partial operations by 2022, with three stations: the Qurino Highway, the Tandang Sora, and the North Avenue stations, are expected to begin operations within the said year. In June 2018, soil testing was conducted along the alignment. Massive tunnel boring machines will be employed for the project. In line with this, DOTr, PNR and JICA personnel inspected actual tunnel boring machines in Japan, estimated to arrive in May 2019. Construction The groundbreaking ceremony of the Metro Manila Subway was held on February 27, 2019. Ten months later, construction begun its clearing phase in Valenzuela on December 21. As part of the partial operability section, the first three stations will be built alongside the Philippine Railways Institute (PRI), the country's first-ever railway training center. In September 2020, the Department of Transportation (DOTr) presented one of the six tunnel boring machines in an acceptance test ceremony through a video conference. The first of 25 tunnel boring machines that will be used for the subway's construction was unveiled on February 5, 2021. On November 11, 2021, a groundbreaking ceremony was held at Camp Aguinaldo to mark the start of pre-construction activities at the Camp Aguinaldo station. In April 2022, the Department of Transportation announced that partial operations of the subway will be delayed to 2025 instead of the originally planned opening in 2022 as a result of delays brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. The underground and tunnel boring works for the subway were slated to start by the fourth quarter of 2021, but was delayed. The first tunnel boring machine was ceremonially lowered on June 12, 2022, while underground tunnel works began on January 9, 2023. Construction for the Ortigas and Shaw stations began on October 3, 2022, with the groundbreaking ceremony led by President Bongbong Marcos and Transportation Secretary Jaime Bautista. Work on the Katipunan and Anonas stations began on February 13, 2023. , Phase 1 of the project is 37.48% complete. Design and infrastructure The line will be the fourth heavy rail line in the country, after LRT Line 2, MRT Line 7, and the North-South Commuter Railway, and the first to be mostly underground. It is designed to run trains at . The tunnel diameter inside and outside is projected to be and , respectively. Since there are estimates of an expected magnitude-7.2 earthquake (which can be as powerful as magnitude 7.6) in the Marikina Valley Fault System, it is designed to withstand a magnitude-8.0 earthquake. In addition, it may not be entirely underground. Assessment of the environmental and geographical considerations in the base alignment (initially long) recommends 18% of the line to be at-grade and 9% to be running through viaduct. Prior to final approval, some adjustments to the alignment were done so that it would reduce the risk of damage during earthquakes by travelling along solid adobe ground. On September 5, 2020, in response to questions, Transportation Secretary Arthur Tugade provided assurances that the system would be flood-proof, and announced that partial operations would commence in 2022, with the system being fully operational by 2026. Stations The stations would have design features such as water-stop panels, a high-level entrance for flood prevention, earthquake detection, and a train stop system, akin to the Tokyo subway. The stations are also designed to accommodate up to 1.5 million passengers daily. Full-height platform screen doors will also be built in the stations. The major stations of the line are planned to have two platform levels, one for a local train service and another for express routes. These stations are planned to have 6 floors designed for 2 platform floors, commercial shops, ticketing facilities and other amenities. Seven of the proposed stations, namely , , , , , and North Avenue stations will be built on government property in order to boost property values in the surrounding areas. Signalling The line will use a moving block signalling system based on communications-based train control (CBTC), which is the first railway line in the Philippines to use a moving block/CBTC system. Its subsystems include automatic train protection (ATP), automatic train operation (ATO), automatic train supervision (ATS), train detection through track circuits, and computer-based interlocking. Nippon Signal will provide their SPARCS CBTC signalling solution for the line. Tracks Two types of rails will be employed in the subway: rails will be employed in the mainline while rails will be employed in the depot. The rails in the mainline will consist of continuous welded rails while the rails in the depot will be jointed rails with fishplates. The tracks will be supported by concrete sleepers except for the turnouts which will be supported by plastic/fiber-reinforced foam urethane railroad ties. Rolling stock The Metro Manila Subway will use Sustina electric multiple units built by the Sumitomo Corporation and Japan Transport Engineering Company (J-TREC). The same type has been ordered by the Philippine National Railways for its North-South Commuter Railway project as the PNR EM10000 class. An order for 240 railcars, arrangeable into thirty 8-car trainsets, has been finalized by the Department of Transportation on December 21, 2020. Trains will have a capacity of 2,242 passengers, which is more than the normal capacity of the rolling stock of the existing LRT Line 1, LRT Line 2, MRT Line 3, and the PNR Metro Commuter Line. At its base form, it is about twice longer than the 4-car trains of the LRTA 2000 class being used in the LRT Line 2. According to DOTr Undersecretary Timothy John Batan, each 8-car trainset will ease car traffic in Metro Manila equivalent to 1,300 cars, 220 jeepneys, or 60 buses. It will be powered through 1,500 V DC overhead lines similar to those ordered by PNR. Depot The line will have an underground depot in Ugong, Valenzuela, within the vicinity of the East Valenzuela station. It occupies of space and serves as the headquarters for the operations and maintenance of the line. The trains are parked on several sets of tracks, which converge onto the spur route and later on to the main network. A building will host the Philippine Railways Institute which will also be built within the depot vicinity. In addition, a test track and mock-ups of the tunnels, stations, and wayside equipment will be constructed for training purposes.

45406071

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20Lights%20%28Json%20album%29

City Lights (Json album)

City Lights is the third album from Json. Lamp Mode Recordings released the project on July 20, 2010. Reception Specifying in a three and a half out of five review by Rapzilla, they recognizes, "Although 'City Lights' is not without its missteps (an unneeded feature here, a forgettable song there) these are hard to harp on considering the depth of this project. With this album, Json not only shows his capacity for being a consistently innovative artist, he sends out an S.O.S. on behalf of communities drowning in sin and calling for the Lifesaver." Josh Burkey, indicating in a four star out of five review for Indie Vision Music, responds, "Json's album 'City Lights' has a genuine message broadcasting throughout with a bang from start to finish."

6433980

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuchwil

Zuchwil

Zuchwil is a municipality in the district of Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. History Zuchwil is first mentioned in 1052 as Zuchwile. Geography Zuchwil has an area, , of . Of this area, or 24.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 19.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 52.9% is settled (buildings or roads), or 3.9% is either rivers or lakes. Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 9.3% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 21.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 13.6%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.6% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 5.6%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 19.2% is used for growing crops and 3.9% is pastures, while 1.7% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipality is located in the Wasseramt district, in a triangle formed by the Aare and Emme rivers and the Bleichenberg / Birchi mountains near Solothurn. Coat of arms The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Azure a Mullet of Five and a Moon increscent Or over a Mount of 3 Coupeaux Vert. Demographics Zuchwil has a population () of . , 40.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999-2009) the population has changed at a rate of -3.9%. It has changed at a rate of -0.8% due to migration and at a rate of 1.1% due to births and deaths. Most of the population () speaks German (6,842 or 76.7%), with Italian being second most common (545 or 6.1%) and Serbo-Croatian being third (384 or 4.3%). There are 73 people who speak French and 8 people who speak Romansh. , the gender distribution of the population was 49.5% male and 50.5% female. The population was made up of 2,455 Swiss men (27.7% of the population) and 1,930 (21.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 2,731 Swiss women (30.8%) and 1,746 (19.7%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 1,941 or about 21.8% were born in Zuchwil and lived there in 2000. There were 2,084 or 23.4% who were born in the same canton, while 1,955 or 21.9% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 2,597 or 29.1% were born outside of Switzerland. In there were 49 live births to Swiss citizens and 39 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 66 deaths of Swiss citizens and 9 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 17 while the foreign population increased by 30. There were 27 Swiss men and 9 Swiss women who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there were 50 non-Swiss men and 34 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 16 and the non-Swiss population increased by 14 people. This represents a population growth rate of 0.0%. The age distribution, , in Zuchwil is; 666 children or 7.5% of the population are between 0 and 6 years old and 1,291 teenagers or 14.5% are between 7 and 19. Of the adult population, 538 people or 6.0% of the population are between 20 and 24 years old. 2,966 people or 33.2% are between 25 and 44, and 2,143 people or 24.0% are between 45 and 64. The senior population distribution is 983 people or 11.0% of the population are between 65 and 79 years old and there are 335 people or 3.8% who are over 80. , there were 3,546 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 4,241 married individuals, 491 widows or widowers and 644 individuals who are divorced. , there were 4,018 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.2 persons per household. There were 1,488 households that consist of only one person and 197 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 4,079 households that answered this question, 36.5% were households made up of just one person and there were 10 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 1,142 married couples without children, 1,080 married couples with children There were 223 single parents with a child or children. There were 75 households that were made up of unrelated people and 61 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing. there were 609 single family homes (or 53.0% of the total) out of a total of 1,148 inhabited buildings. There were 404 multi-family buildings (35.2%), along with 81 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (7.1%) and 54 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (4.7%). Of the single family homes 25 were built before 1919, while 77 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (191) were built between 1919 and 1945. there were 4,303 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 1,624. There were 134 single room apartments and 682 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 3,835 apartments (89.1% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 320 apartments (7.4%) were seasonally occupied and 148 apartments (3.4%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 1 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.94%. The historical population is given in the following chart: Politics In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 27.1% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (24.18%), the FDP (18.75%) and the CVP (16.09%). In the federal election, a total of 1,855 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 40.3%. Municipality president is Stefan Hug. Economy Zuchwil is an important site for industrial production and product development. Employers include Bosch (Power tools), Synthes (Medical implants), Scherrer (Coffeemakers) and Swissqual (Test systems for cellular networks). , Zuchwil had an unemployment rate of 5.8%. , there were 13 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 4 businesses involved in this sector. 1,817 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 57 businesses in this sector. 2,445 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 223 businesses in this sector. There were 4,746 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.3% of the workforce. the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 3,719. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 10, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 1,741 of which 1,403 or (80.6%) were in manufacturing and 272 (15.6%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 1,968. In the tertiary sector; 751 or 38.2% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 72 or 3.7% were in the movement and storage of goods, 144 or 7.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 90 or 4.6% were in the information industry, 106 or 5.4% were the insurance or financial industry, 51 or 2.6% were technical professionals or scientists, 81 or 4.1% were in education and 401 or 20.4% were in health care. , there were 3,390 workers who commuted into the municipality and 3,430 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.0 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 19.9% used public transportation to get to work, and 48% used a private car. Religion From the , 3,011 or 33.7% were Roman Catholic, while 2,379 or 26.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 403 members of an Orthodox church (or about 4.52% of the population), there were 52 individuals (or about 0.58% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 172 individuals (or about 1.93% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 2 individuals (or about 0.02% of the population) who were Jewish, and 919 (or about 10.30% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 58 individuals who were Buddhist, 223 individuals who were Hindu and 11 individuals who belonged to another church. 1,331 (or about 14.92% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 361 individuals (or about 4.05% of the population) did not answer the question. Education In Zuchwil about 3,137 or (35.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 785 or (8.8%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 785 who completed tertiary schooling, 62.5% were Swiss men, 20.6% were Swiss women, 12.0% were non-Swiss men and 4.8% were non-Swiss women. During the 2010-2011 school year there were a total of 981 students in the Zuchwil school system. The education system in the Canton of Solothurn allows young children to attend two years of non-obligatory Kindergarten. During that school year, there were 165 children in kindergarten. The canton's school system requires students to attend six years of primary school, with some of the children attending smaller, specialized classes. In the municipality there were 528 students in primary school and 31 students in the special, smaller classes. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling, followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. 257 lower secondary students attend school in Zuchwil. , there were 25 students in Zuchwil who came from another municipality, while 232 residents attended schools outside the municipality. Zuchwil is home to the Gemeindebibliothek Zuchwil (municipal library of Zuchwil). The library has () 10,427 books or other media, and loaned out 21,113 items in the same year. It was open a total of 160 days with average of 8 hours per week during that year.

20831089

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhota%20Ghallughara

Chhota Ghallughara

Chhota Ghallughara ( , "Smaller Massacre") was a massacre of a significant proportion of the Sikh population by the Mughal Empire in 1746. Mughal army killed an estimated 7,000 Sikhs in these attacks while an additional 3,000 Sikhs were taken captive. Chhota Ghallughara is distinguished from the Vadda Ghallughara, the greater massacre of 1762. Background Origins of Sikhism Sikhism began in the days of Guru Nanak (1469-1539) and grew to be a distinctive social force, especially after the formation of the Order of Khalsa in 1699. Since the martyrdom of the fifth Sikh Guru, Guru Arjan Dev Ji in 1606, Sikhs have known the use of arms and the need of self-defense. The Khalsa was designated to oppose the tyranny of the Mughal Empire and any other form of injustice. Through much of the early eighteenth century, the Khalsa was outlawed by the government and survived in the safety of remote forests, deserts, and swamplands of the Punjab region and neighbouring Kashmir and Rajasthan. Persecution of the Sikhs (1739-46) Zakariya Khan Bahadur, the Governor of Lahore, offered lucrative rewards for the discovery and killing of Sikhs. A substantial monetary reward was offered for information on the whereabouts of a Sikh. A blanket was offered to anyone who managed to cut off the distinctive mane of a Sikh or Khalsa and a larger sum for the delivery of a Sikh skull. The plunder of Sikh homes was made lawful and anyone giving shelter to or withholding information about the movements of the Sikhs was liable to themselves being executed. Zakaria Khan's police scoured the countryside and brought back hundreds of Sikhs in chains. They were publicly executed at the horse market of Lahore, since renamed "Shahidganj", "place of the martyred". Bhai Bota Singh and Bhai Garja Singh During the days of persecution, Bhai Bota Singh who lived in the forest would come out in search of food from sympathizers and occasionally would visit Amritsar by night and take a dip in the holy pool around Harimandir Sahib. One day he was noticed by some people who thought he was a Sikh but a member of their party objected saying he could not have been a Sikh, for had he been one, he would not have concealed himself so. Other versions of the story say that Mughal guards were passing the forest when one said that the Sikhs were all deceased and there were none left. Vexed by the observer's remark, Bhai Bota Singh set on a plan whereby he and his companion Bhai Garja Singh took up a position on the main highway near Tarn Taran. There, they proclaimed the sovereignty of Khalsa and collected a small toll tax from each passerby. They also sent a notice with a traveller for the governor to get his attention. After seven days 1000 soldiers with 100 horsemen came to apprehend the two Sikhs who then died fighting. The martydom of Mani Singh Shaheed Bhai Mani Singh was a significant Sikh scholar and teacher who lived in the city of Amritsar, founded by Guru Ram Das. For many years, Sikhs had customarily gathered at Amritsar in the spring and fall for the holidays of Vaisakhi and Diwali. Under the persecution of the Mughals, these festivals had been disrupted. Bhai Mani Singh sought and obtained Zakaria Khan's permission to hold the Diwali celebration in Amritsar on payment of a tax of 5000 rupees. When Mani Singh found out that the governor had dispatched a large number of soldiers to annihilate the Sikhs gathered at Amritsar, he sent word out to the Sikhs in their forest and desert hideouts, forbidding them from coming. In consequence, no money was collected and Bhai Mani Singh was prosecuted for not paying the stipulated sum. After a summary trial, he was given the choice of embracing Islam or facing death. Bhai Mani Singh chose the latter and as his punishment, was cut to pieces, joint by joint. Darbar Sahib and Massa Ranghar To prevent the Sikhs from accessing the holy shrine "Darbar Sahib", or the "Golden Temple", at Amritsar a Mughal military officer named Massa Ranghar was stationed there. Massa Ranghar was physically strong, fit and tall. Ranghar not only occupied the holy place, but committed sacrilege by carousing with dancing girls and consuming meat and alcohol in the Sanctum Sanctorum situated in the midst of the sacred pool. This offence continued until news of it reached an isolated band of Sikhs in Rajasthan. Of them, Mehtab Singh and Sukkha Singh set off to cross the distance to Amritsar. Finding the city strongly guarded, the two disguised themselves as revenue officials. In this guise, they entered the Harmandir Sahib, and decapitated Massa Ranghar and escaped before the Mughal soldiers could realise what had happened. This took place on 11 August 1740. Sukkha Singh'a popularity soared among the Khalsa after this act and he eventually became the leader of a separate Jatha. Sukkha Singh was wounded in the defensive action involving the first Sikh massacre and later died in battle with the invading Afghan army of Ahmed Shah Durrani in 1752. The martyrdom of Bhai Taru Singh Zakaria Khan, the governor of Lahore, experienced great frustration in his effort to decimate the Sikhs. He once asked his men, "From where do the Sikhs obtain their nourishment? I have debarred them from all occupations. They realize no taxes, they do not farm, nor are they allowed to do business or join public employment. I have stopped all offerings to their Gurdwaras. No provisions or supplies are accessible to them. Why do they not die of sheer starvation?" An informant directed the governor to the village of Puhla where lived a 25-year-old Sikh named Taru Singh who according to the informant would supply food and resources to the Khalsa who were in the forest. Taru Singh's mother and sister both toil and grind grain to make a living, together they earned little but sent what they got. On hearing this the governor sent a detachment of soldiers to Bhai Taru Singh's village to arrest him and bring him to the provincial capital of Lahore. When the Sikh heard of their approach, he came out of the village wishing to spare his village any sort of hardship and surrendered to the governor's men. When he refused to convert, his distinctive long hair was scraped from his scalp and the young Sikh left to die. Afterwards Taru Singh was given over to a Sikh family who tended to him for his remaining days. The massacre of 1746 It was in this atmosphere of persecution that the Chhota Ghallughara took place in 1746. Early in that year, Sukha Singh joined hands with Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia who was the supreme leader of the Dal Khalsa pushing towards the Eminabad territory of Gujranwala district. Jaspat Rai, the local Jagridar was killed in an encounter with the roving band of Sikhs. Jaspat's brother, Lakhpat Rai, who was a diwan (revenue minister) at Lahore, vowed his revenge. With the help of the new governor, Yahiya Khan, Lakhpat Rai mobilised the Lahore troops, summoned reinforcements, alerted the dependent rulers of the kingdoms in the Himalayan foothills, and roused the population for a genocide of the "infidel" Sikhs. The Sikh inhabitants of Lahore were first rounded up, then executed on 10 March 1746. Hundreds of Sikhs living in Lahore were rounded up daily and executed. Lakhpat Rai went so far as to fill the holy sarovar at Golden temple with sand. Lakhpat Rai next set out for the swampy forest of Kahnuwan, near the town of Gurdaspur, about to the north-east of Lahore, where Sikhs were reported to have concentrated. Lakhpat had with him with a large force of mostly cavalry, supported by cannons, with which he surrounded the forest and began a systematic search for the Sikhs. The Sikhs held out for some time and struck back whenever they could. Heavily outnumbered and under-equipped, they decided to escape to the foothills of the Himalayas to the north. The Sikhs crossed the River Ravi and came in sight of the foothills, a trek with the enemy in pursuit, only to find the armies of the hill rajas arrayed to oppose them. Caught between these two armies and running out of food, the Sikhs suffered heavy casualties. At last, they managed to break through the encirclement and to recross the River Ravi in a desperate attempt to reach the safety of the Lakhi Jungle, near Bathinda, some to the south. In the river crossing, many of the weakened Sikhs were swept away by the current. With Lakhpat Rai's forces still in hot pursuit, they crossed two more rivers, the Beas River and Sutlej, before finally arriving at the sanctuary of the Lakhi Jungle. An estimated 7,000 Sikhs were killed and 3,000 captured during this operation. The captives were marched back to Lahore, paraded in the streets and publicly beheaded. Given the small numbers of the Sikhs in those days of persecution, the losses will have been a very substantial proportion of their population. Lakhpat Rai went on to order Sikh places of worship destroyed and their scriptures burnt. He went so far as to decree that anyone uttering the word "Guru" be put to death and even saying the Punjabi language word for sugar, "gur", which sounded like "Guru", could be cause for the death penalty.

1326783

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phog%20Allen

Phog Allen

Forrest Clare "Phog" Allen (November 18, 1885 - September 16, 1974) was an American basketball coach. Known as the "Father of Basketball Coaching," he served as the head basketball coach at Baker University (1905-1908), the University of Kansas (1907-1909, 1919-1956), Haskell Institute--now Haskell Indian Nations University (1908-1909), and Warrensburg Teachers College--now the University of Central Missouri (1912-1919), compiling a career college basketball record of 746-264. In his 39 seasons at the helm of the Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball program, his teams won 24 conference championships and three national titles. The Helms Athletic Foundation retroactively recognized Allen's 1921-22 and 1922-23 Kansas teams as national champions. Allen's 1951-52 squad won the 1952 NCAA tournament and his Jayhawks were runners-up in the NCAA Tournament in 1940 and 1953. His 590 wins are the most of any coach in the history of the storied Kansas basketball program. Allen attended the University of Kansas, having already acquired the nickname "Phog" for the distinctive foghorn voice he had as a baseball umpire. He lettered in baseball and basketball, the latter under James Naismith, the inventor of the game. Allen served as the head football coach at Warrensburg Teachers College from 1912 to 1917 and at Kansas for one season in 1920, amassing a career college football record of 34-19-3. He also coached baseball at Kansas for two seasons, in 1941 and 1942, tallying a mark of 6-17-1, and was the university's athletic director from 1919 to 1937. Allen was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame with the inaugural class of 1959.The home basketball arena at the University of Kansas, Allen Fieldhouse, was named in his honor when it opened in 1955. His final season at Kansas was the first full season the Jayhawks played at Allen Fieldhouse. In addition to coaching basketball, baseball, and American football, he was a college athletics administrator and osteopathic physician. Early life Allen was born in the town of Jamesport, Missouri. His father, William Allen, was among the 30 people who originally incorporated Jameson, Missouri in 1879 and the doctor who delivered Allen lived in James. However, he had strong ties to Jamesport where he was town clerk, collector, and constable. His family later moved to Independence, Missouri. Playing career Allen began classes at the University of Kansas in 1904, where he lettered three years in basketball under James Naismith's coaching, and two years in baseball. Unlike his time as a coach, the Jayhawks struggled on the court. In his three seasons as a player, the team only had one winning season. He was a player for the team for the Jayhawks' first games in their rivalries against Kansas State and Missouri. In 1905 he also played for the Kansas City Athletic Club. At Kansas, he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity. Coaching career Basketball Allen coached at William Chrisman High School (then known as Independence High School) in Independence, Missouri, the University of Kansas, Baker University, Haskell Institute, and Warrensburg Teachers College in Warrensburg, Missouri. Allen launched his coaching career at his alma mater in 1907, but took a hiatus after graduating in 1909 to study osteopathic medicine at Central College of Osteopathy in Kansas City, Missouri. Known as "Doc" to his players and students, he was reputed to be a colorful figure on the University of Kansas campus, coaching all sports and becoming known for his osteopathic manipulation techniques for ailing athletes. Allen was a legend in the field of treatment of athletic injuries and benefited a long list of high-profile performers. He also had a successful private osteopathic practice, and many he treated, the famous and otherwise, contended he had a "magic touch" for such ailments as bad backs, knees and ankles. He said he applied the same treatments to "civilians" as he did to his athletes. His forceful, yet reasonable, disposition helped him become the driving force behind the acceptance of basketball as an official Olympic sport at the 1936 Summer Olympic Games. Allen later worked as an assistant coach in the 1952 Summer Olympics, helping to lead the United States to the gold medal in Helsinki, Finland. He coached college basketball for 50 seasons, and compiled a 746-264 record, retiring with the all-time record for most coaching wins in college basketball history at the time. During his tenure at Kansas, Allen coached Dutch Lonborg, Adolph Rupp, Ralph Miller and Dean Smith, all future Hall of Fame coaches. He also coached John Bunn, who is a member of the Hall of Fame and did go on to coach at Stanford, but he is honored as a contributor to the game of basketball. Additional former players that make up Allen's coaching tree who coached at the collegiate level but are not enshrined in the Hall of Fame include Frosty Cox, George E. Rody, Andrew McDonald, Charlie T. Black, Howard Engleman and his replacement upon retirement Dick Harp. Among the Hall of Fame players he coached were Paul Endacott, Bill Johnson, and Clyde Lovellette. He also recruited Wilt Chamberlain to Kansas, and even coached former United States Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole. Allen Fieldhouse, the basketball arena on the campus of the University of Kansas, is named in his honor. A banner that hangs in the rafters of Allen Fieldhouse reads: "Pay heed all who enter, beware of the Phog." He was enshrined as part of the inaugural class in the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1959. Allen also created the National Association of Basketball Coaches, which went on to create the NCAA tournament. Football Warrensburg Allen coached the football team at Warrensburg Teacher's College, now known as University of Central Missouri. At Warrensburg, he coached for six seasons. The team won their conference title each of his first four seasons as coach. He left after the 1917 and focused on his basketball coaching duties. He finished his time at the school with a 29-17-2 record. Kansas Allen was hired as the coach for the Jayhawks football team in 1920. The Jayhawks began the season 5-0, including a 14-0 victory over rival Kansas State. Kansas would lose 2 of their last 3 games and tie the other game to finish the season 5-2-1. They finished 3rd in the MVIAA. Allen resigned at the conclusion of the season to focus on his duties as the men's basketball coach, coaching only one season for the football program.

50447216

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Cairns

Henry Cairns

Henry Wilson Cairns (11 December 1842 - 16 December 1888) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played four first-class matches for Otago between the 1864-65 and 1869-70 seasons, all against Canterbury. He had played for an Otago side of 22 players in February 1864 against a touring English side organised by George Parr but had not played in the inaugural first-class match in New Zealand earlier in the year. Cairns was born at Falkirk in Scotland in 1842. He worked as a salesman. His younger brother, Alexander Cairns, was also born in Scotland but educated at Otago Boys' High School in Dunedin. Cairns died in 1888 at Dunedin asylum.

3233156

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Thomas%20%28musician%29

Richard Thomas (musician)

Richard Thomas (born 1964) is a British musician, writer, and comedy actor. He is best known for composing, writing and scoring the award-winning Jerry Springer: The Opera with book and additional lyrics co-written with Stewart Lee. Thomas collected the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Score in 2004. Richard Thomas's comedy career began in 1987, doing a musical act on keyboards. In 2000, he wrote and performed a one-act opera called Tourette's Diva with four actors, which aired at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. Thomas had the idea for an opera based on Jerry Springer at this time, and wrote it over the next two years, chiefly in workshops at Battersea Arts Centre. Thomas would offer a "Beer for an Idea", where any audience members submitting a good idea would be rewarded with a can of Foster's and poor ideas with a supermarket store brand. After a number of small scale performances of the first act, which was in much the same shape as it remains today, the second act (where the characters descend into hell) was vague and unformed. Thomas brought his friend Stewart Lee in to assist with the writing. Six months later, the opera was in a far more recognisable state, and was snapped up by the National Theatre. Thomas has also worked on BBC comedy shows such as Attention Scum and This Morning with Richard Not Judy. Starting on 25 February 2007, BBC Two aired his series, Kombat Opera Presents..., comprising five standalone musical parodies of well-known television programmes. Thomas wrote the libretto for Mark-Anthony Turnage's 2011 opera Anna Nicole, and co-wrote music for the 2010 film Uncle David as a part of the Avant-Garde Alliance. In 2013 Thomas was commissioned by London's LGBT choir The Pink Singers, to bring his humor to writing a piece celebrating the styles and techniques employed by a choir during performances. The Pink Singers performed the premiere of the resulting two pieces during their 30th anniversary concert at the Troxy Theatre, London. In 2014 he wrote the lyrics for the stage musical of Made in Dagenham.

9571013

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass%20Sport%20Motors

Glass Sport Motors

Glassport Motor Company (GSM) was a South African motor manufacturer based in Cape Town between 1958 and 1964. They produced the Dart and Flamingo sports cars. The name Glass Sport Motors is due to their use of fiberglass. GSM narrowly missed being South Africas first sports car maker, beaten by the GRP Protea. A Dart, Flamingo and Protea can be viewed at the Franschhoek Motor Museum in South Africa. History The company was founded by Bob van Niekerk and Willie Meissner in 1958 after Meissner went to England and stumbled upon fiberglass, a new technology at the time. He wrote a letter to van Niekerk asking him to come to England and further study fiberglass crafting. They came into contact with South African designer Verster de Wit (who was working on the Sunbeam Alpine) who helped them style their first car design and taught them the design process. The pair finally found an attractive design and produced a mould. One body was made and sold in England to fund Bob's trip back to South Africa. On returning to South Africa, they built the first prototypes of the GSM Dart. GSM's were mainly sold in South Africa and England although several seem to have made it to Canada. The Dart The Dart was GSM's first production model. The car used a variety of engines including Coventry Climax Ford Anglia 100E and 105E as well as 4 fitted with Alfa Romeo 1300cc units nestled into a ladder type chassis with transverse springs at the front and coil springs at the rear. Cars had a glass fibre open two seat body fitted, but a hardtop was later available which had a reverse slanted rear window which later Fords also exhibited. Yet other versions included Alfa Romeo S.V. Ernest Pieterse was the first to try this form of motive power. Requiring a machine for the Nine Hours Race (S.A.'s classic sports-car race), and having to beat such machines as Porsche Carreras, Ernest bought a Dart and fitted disc brakes, Alfa S.V.+ engine, etc. In the said Nine Hours Race, the car led for a while but retired with boiling brake fluid. This let John Love's Carrera into the lead but it too retired, or was delayed, and another Dart with 1,100-c.c. Climax engine stepped into the breach and was leading after nine hours. Since then Porsche Spyders and Lotus Fifteens have been used in the Nine Hours, rather squashing anyone with aspirations of further wins in a GSM Dart. The Dart was also manufactured at West Malling, Kent, England by GSM Cars where it was known as the GSM Delta due to 'Dart' being a registered trademark of Chrysler, the Daimler Dart also had to be renamed. The Flamingo The Flamingo coupe was produced by GSM from 1962. The original intention was to use a forthcoming Ford V6 but it did not appear in time and so it was initially powered by a 1.7-litre Ford Taunus engine and later by the 1.5-litre Ford Cortina (non-crossflow) engine. Although similar in appearance, the Flamingo is a very different car. The front suspension replaced the transverse leaf springs of the Dart with two wishbones compressing Mini rubber cones, and later small coil springs. The rear was cleverly designed to stop one wheel spinning faster than the other under power through the use of different trailing arm setups on each side. Owners include Gordon Murray who has a 1964 example. Replicas In the 1980s a series of accurate replicas known as Levy Darts were built by Jeff Levy with involvement from one of the original trio, Verster de Wit. In the 1990s a visually similar mechanically different replica in the form of the Hayden Dart II was manufactured; these are still being made and have evolved to include independent rear suspension. Engine options are wide as with the original GSM's: the Kent 1600 and Toyota 4A-GE are the most common options, but there are examples with Mazda Rotary Turbo, Toyota 4A-GZE, and various other engines.

33190232

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danilo%20Asprilla

Danilo Asprilla

Danilo Moreno Asprilla (born 12 January 1989) is a Colombian footballer who plays as a winger for CSKA Sofia. Career Asprilla began his career playing for Brazilian club Esporte Clube Juventude in 2008 and for Qatari club Al-Shahania Sports Club the next year. He returned to his native Colombia for the 2010 season, playing for the club Deportivo Pereira. Litex Lovech On 20 December 2013, Asprilla signed for Bulgarian club Litex Lovech. He marked his competitive debut by netting two goals in Litex's 3-0 league win over Beroe Stara Zagora on 23 February 2014. Al Ain On 4 January 2016 he moved to Al-Ain for an undisclosed fee. He made a debut on 8 January 2016 coming on as a substitute in the place of Ibrahim Diaky and scoring the winning goal in the 93 minute for 2-1 win against Al Dhafra FC. Al-Shabab Asprilla joined Al-Shabab in 2019. He scored his debut goal in the 2:1 win over Al Fateh in August 2019. Asprilla established himself as an important part of the side. Al-Qadsiah In October 2020, he moved to Al-Qadsiah. Career statistics Club Honours Hapoel Be'er Sheva State Cup (1): 2021-22 Beitar Jerusalem State Cup (1): 2022-23 References External links Profile at Tenfield Digital 1989 births Living people Asprilla family Colombian men's footballers Footballers from Medellin Deportivo Pereira footballers Rampla Juniors players Independiente Santa Fe footballers Patriotas Boyaca footballers Al Shahaniya SC players PFC Litex Lovech players Al Ain FC players Al-Fayha FC players Al Shabab FC (Riyadh) players Al Qadsiah FC players Hapoel Be'er Sheva F.C.

2159424

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malham%20Tarn

Malham Tarn

Malham Tarn is a glacial lake near the village of Malham in the Yorkshire Dales, England. The lake is one of only eight upland alkaline lakes in Europe. At an altitude of above sea level it is the highest marl lake in the United Kingdom. Its geology, flora and fauna have led to it being listed under a number of conservation designations. The site is currently owned by the National Trust, who used to lease part of the site to the Field Studies Council but this closed as a field centre in 2022. The site was the inspiration for Charles Kingsley's 1863 novel The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby. Geography Malham Tarn is situated in the Yorkshire Dales, a national park in the Yorkshire Pennines. It lies approximately north-west of Bradford and about north of the nearest settlement, Malham. At above sea level it is sometimes, but erroneously, considered the highest lake in England, but there are lakes at higher altitudes such as Innominate Tarn. It is, however, the highest marl lake in Great Britain. The lake is one of only eight upland alkaline lakes in Europe, having a pH between 8.0 and 8.6. The catchment area of the lake is and the main inflow is a stream at the lake's north-west corner. The lake is at its deepest, with an average depth of and the surface area is . It takes approximately 11 weeks for water to leave the lake after it has entered. The primary outflow is a small stream at the southern end of the lake. The outflow stream goes underground after approximately before emerging downstream of Malham Cove as a source of the River Aire. Climate The highest recorded temperature at Malham Tarn was 28.6degC on 24 July 2019. Natural history Situated in a limestone area, Malham Tarn itself mainly lies on a bed of silurian slate which is covered with marl deposits. The lake's basin was dammed by a moraine at the end of the last glacial period, approximately years ago. It used to be about twice its current size, having shrunk due to silting at the western shore; this has formed a boggy region called Tarn Moss. Following deforestation during the Iron Age, the land surrounding the lake has been used for grazing which has prevented further tree growth. An embankment and sluice gate were added to the lake in 1791 by Lord Ribblesdale; this has had the effect of raising the level of the lake by approximately . The average annual rainfall over the catchment area is . The lake is home to six species of fish, as well as white-clawed crayfish, great crested grebes, moorhens, coots, tufted ducks and teal. A number of waders such as redshanks, curlews, lapwings and oystercatchers breed in the surrounding area. Two rare benthic copepods, Bryocamptus rhaeticus and Moraria mrazeki, are found in the lake, along with 22 species of molluscs--nine of which are found at their highest altitude in Britain. The lake also contains a number of submerged aquatic plants, while the surrounding area is home to a diverse number of plants including wild cranberry, bearberry, crowberry, dark-leaved willow and purple moor grass. Last seen fifty years ago, captive-bred water voles (Arvicola amphibius) were reintroduced in August 2016. This is the highest reintroduction of water vole in the UK. The lake is located in the Malham and Arncliffe Site of Special Scientific Interest which was established in 1955. In 1992, the lake and its wetlands were designated as a national nature reserve. The lake was listed as a Ramsar Convention site in 1993. It is also in the Craven Limestone Complex Special Area of Conservation. History There has been human activity at Malham Tarn dating back to the Mesolithic era when the shores of the lake were used for camping during hunting trips for deer and wild cattle. During the Bronze and Iron Ages, the surrounding area was settled by farmers who used the land for grazing. Following the Roman conquest of Britain the upland areas were not seen as attractive and the only Roman presence in the area was a marching camp on Malham Moor. During the Medieval period the lands were owned by the Monasteries, and their use for grazing continued. A survey undertaken in 1539 at the time of the dissolution of Fountains Abbey makes note of a farmstead on the northern shore of the lake. Following the dissolution of the monasteries, the estates of Malham Moor then changed hands several times until they were eventually acquired by Thomas Lister--later to become the first Lord Ribblesdale--in the mid- to late-18th century. Lister then built a hunting lodge on the site of the old farm in the 1780s. The estate was then sold to businessman James Morrison in 1852. Following Morrison's death the estates were inherited by his son, Walter, in 1857. While visiting Walter Morrison in 1858, author Charles Kingsley was inspired to write the Victorian era novel The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby. Walter Morrison died in 1921 and the estate subsequently changed hands a number of times before being broken up. The house and the lake were eventually bought by Walter Morrison's great-niece, Mrs Hutton-Croft, in 1928. In 1946 Mrs Hutton-Croft presented the house to the National Trust, who manage the property and lease the house to the Field Studies Council, now called the Malham Tarn Field Studies Centre. The house exterior and the surrounding countryside can be seen in the 1951 film Another Man's Poison.

5598607

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20%26%20Engineering%20News

Chemical & Engineering News

Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN) is a weekly news magazine published by the American Chemical Society, providing professional and technical news and analysis in the fields of chemistry and chemical engineering. It includes information on recent news and research in these fields, career and employment information, business and industry news, government and policy news, funding in these fields, and special reports. The magazine is available to all members of the American Chemical Society. History The magazine was established in 1923, and has been on the internet since 1998. The editor-in-chief is Bibiana Campos Seijo. Abstracting and indexing The magazine is abstracted and indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service, Science Citation Index, and Scopus.

36881873

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalamb%20Beach

Kalamb Beach

Kalamb Beach is a long, isolated beach located in Nala Sopara, near Ahmedabad highway, Nala Sopara, near Nirmal, India. Details Kalamb beach is located at Nalasopara West near Nirmal Village in Palghar District, Far north suburb of Mumbai. Kalamb is the fourth beach connected in row after Arnala beach, Navapur beach and Rajodi beach. The beach is clean, not so crowded. This has semi black thick sand. How to reach By train: Nalasopara on Western Railway Route, Far North of Mumbai Suburb in Palghar District. It is approximate 70 Kilometres to beach from Mumbai city which may take anywhere between two and three hours. Need to get down at Nalasopara West (See Railway Map or Station Names) for reference if new to Mumbai. Adjacent to railway station is bus depot and also private auto's available (No Metre System here, Only Fixed amount). From Railway station, beach is at 7 Kilometres and Nirmal Junction is at 6 Kilometres. By Road : On National Highway 8 (Mumbai Ahmedabad Highway) get inside Nalasopara towards station (Keep Note of Sign Boards on Highway as one can easily miss it in the way it has been kept). Cross over the East West Flyover and go straight in west. Once inside Nalasopara village, be on Wagholi Nirmal Road. Upon reaching Nirmal market naka go straight towards Kalamb beach.

66545042

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet%20of%20Carlos%20Quintanilla

Cabinet of Carlos Quintanilla

Carlos Quintanilla assumed office as the interim 37th President of Bolivia on 23 August 1939, and his mandate ended on 15 April 1940. A general of the senior officer corps, Quintanilla assumed control of the presidency on an interim basis following the suicide of his predecessor, German Busch. Quintanilla formed one cabinet three days after taking office, constituting the 101st national cabinet of Bolivia. Cabinet Ministers Composition In his short mandate, Carlos Quintanilla only formed one ministerial cabinet. Of the 11 ministers, three (Minister of Government Vicente Leyton, Minister of Education Bernardo Navajas Trigo, and Minister of Health Alfredo Mollinedo) were direct holdovers from the Busch cabinet. In addition, Felipe Manuel Rivera, who had been Minister of Defense under Busch up until his death, was made Minister of Mining and Petrol, a position he had also held during the Busch administration. The new Minister of Defense replacing Rivera was Angel Ayoroa who had also served in the Busch cabinet as Minister of Industry. On the same day as the establishment of the new cabinet, the Ministry of Propaganda was abolished. Notably, the office of the vice presidency was also abolished through a constitutional amendment on 4 December 1939. This decision came after Busch's vice president Enrique Baldivieso had attempted to claim his constitutional succession to the presidency. The term of the Quintanilla cabinet ended on 15 April 1940 upon the inauguration of Enrique Penaranda. Foreign Minister Alberto Ostria Gutierrez would be the only direct holdover into the Penaranda administration. Minister of Labor Demetrio Ramos would also remain in the Penaranda administration but would be switched from Minister of Labor and made Minister of Defense and later Government. Finally, Minister of Public Works Ruben Terrazas would return as Minister of Education in 1942 while Minister of Agriculture Carlos Salinas Aramayo would be appointed Foreign Minister in 1943.

137961

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westport%2C%20Washington

Westport, Washington

Westport is a city in Grays Harbor County, Washington, United States. It had a population of 2,213 at the 2020 census. Westport is located on a peninsula on the south side of the entrance to Grays Harbor from the Pacific Ocean. The public Westport Marina is the largest marina on the outer coast of the United States's Pacific Northwest. The marina is home to a large commercial fishing fleet and several recreational charter fishing vessels. A summer-only passenger ferry, discontinued in 2008, previously connected the town to Ocean Shores, across the mouth of the harbor to the north. It is home to the Washington Tuna Classic, which happens each August. History Westport was officially incorporated on June 26, 1914. Names for the area in the past include Peterson's Point, Chehalis City, and Fort Chehalis. The latter name is for a U.S. Army fort established in 1860 before the town was founded, "ts-a-lis" is the Lower Chehalis word for Westport, meaning "place of sand". Early explorers pronounced the word "Chehalis" and gave this name to the river and the people living up river who later became the Chehalis people or "People of the Sands". The area was used regularly during the summer by local Native American tribes (most likely the Shoalwater Bay Tribe, comprising Willapa Chinook and Lower Chehalis people) before Thomas Barker Speake and his family arrived early in the summer of 1857. Westport is also the home to a station for the US Coast Guard. In 2015, the Ocosta School District became the first to build a publicly funded vertical tsunami shelter, located at Ocosta Elementary School. Geography Westport is located at (46.890803, -124.109926). It is the westernmost "Westport" in the world, the nearest competitor being in California, less than a degree east. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water. A weather station in Grayland, a community just south of Westport, has recorded conditions in the area going back to 1948. The area is generally mild and wet, with November through January having especially high levels of rainfall (averaging over for each of those months) and little or no snow. Demographics 2010 census At the 2010 census there were 2,099 people, 999 households, and 527 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 1,561 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 87.0% White, 0.9% African American, 2.9% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 4.5% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.3%. Of the 999 households 21.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.4% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 47.2% were non-families. 38.2% of households were one person and 16.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.72. The median age was 48.4 years. 18.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.8% were from 25 to 44; 32.9% were from 45 to 64; and 21.3% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.7% male and 49.3% female. 2000 census At the 2000 census, there were 2,137 people, 983 households, and 547 families living in the city. The population density was 592.9 people per square mile (229.2/km). There were 1,358 housing units at an average density of 376.8 per square mile (145.6/km). The racial makeup of the city was 92.75% White, 0.33% African American, 3.09% Native American, 0.94% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.47% from other races, and 2.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.99% of the population. 21.7% were of German, 10.9% English, 9.6% Irish, 7.6% Norwegian, 5.3% American and 5.1% Swedish ancestry. Of the 983 households 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.3% were non-families. 34.8% of households were one person and 14.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.79. The age distribution was 22.0% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 19.1% 65 or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males. The median household income was $32,037 and the median family income was $40,037. Males had a median income of $33,173 versus $23,889 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,362. About 9.0% of families and 14.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.4% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over.

43277010

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20A.%20Knauss

John A. Knauss

John Atkinson Knauss (September 1, 1925 - November 19, 2015) was an American oceanographer, meteorologist and administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) from 1989 to 1993. Knauss received a Bachelor of Science in meteorology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a Master of Science from University of Michigan in physics, and a Ph.D. in oceanography from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California. While a graduate student, he made the first comprehensive measurements of the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent. Knauss's PhD dissertation focused on the Equatorial Undercurrent in the Pacific Ocean, also known as the Cromwell Current. In 1962 he was appointed dean of the graduate school of oceanography at the University of Rhode Island, where he served until 1987. Knauss and Athelstan Spilhaus, dean at University of Minnesota and head of the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Oceanography, worked to establish the National Sea Grant Program, cooperating with Senator Claiborne Pell, the sponsor of the National Sea Grant Program Act in 1966. The National Sea Grant College Program and Act was signed into law on October 15, 1966. The Sea Grant Knauss Fellowship, named in his honor, provides a unique educational and professional experience to graduate students who have an interest in ocean, coastal and Great Lakes resources and in the national policy decisions affecting those resources, matching highly qualified graduate students with "hosts" in the legislative and executive branch of government located in the Washington, D.C., area, for a one-year paid fellowship. He served on the Stratton Commission that led to the creation of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in 1970, and from 1989 to 1993 was its administrator. Knauss served as President of the American Geophysical Union from 1998 to 2000, and was awarded the Waldo E. Smith medal for "extraordinary service to geophysics" in 2006. He resided in Saunderstown, Rhode Island and was professor emeritus at the University of Rhode Island. In 2015, he died after a period of declining health.

8134417

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Phillips%20%28footballer%29

John Phillips (footballer)

Thomas John Seymour Phillips (7 July 1951 - 31 March 2017) was a Welsh footballer who played as a goalkeeper for various English clubs and the Welsh national team. Phillips started out with his home town club, Shrewsbury Town, for whom he made 51 appearances, before transferring to Aston Villa at the age of 18. After only a handful of matches for Villa, Phillips joined Chelsea in August 1970 for PS25,000. He was to spend the majority of his career with the west London club as the long-term understudy to Peter Bonetti and only once, in 1974-75, was he to make over 30 appearances in a season for the club. He made a total of 149 appearances for Chelsea. He left Chelsea in 1980 and had brief spells with Crewe Alexandra, Brighton & Hove Albion, Charlton Athletic, Crystal Palace and Sea Bee in Hong Kong. John Toshack signed Phillips for Swansea City in the early Eighties, but he never made the first team. He also won 4 caps for the Wales national team. Phillips died in 2017 at the age of 65 after a long illness. References 1951 births 2017 deaths Welsh men's footballers Wales men's international footballers Wales men's under-23 international footballers Men's association football goalkeepers Aston Villa F.C. players Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.

16007028

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aur%C3%A9lio%20Miguel

Aurélio Miguel

Aurelio Fernandez Miguel (born 10 March 1964) is a Brazilian judoka and Olympic champion, and later politician. Among his best sporting achievements are his gold medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, and a bronze medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Sports career Aurelio Miguel was born on March 10, 1964, in Sao Paulo. Due to asthma and the insistence of his father, Aurelio Marin, Aurelio Fernandez Miguel began training in judo at the age of four years. Initially, Aurelio disliked judo, and as a child, was terrified of the roughness of the competitions and tournaments. As time passed, he became fond of the sport, and eventually won his first title in 1972. Aurelio Miguel then won the Paulista tournament many times, and by the year 1980, he was recognized as the best judoka in the state. Afterwards, Miguel started to compete internationally, winning the silver medal at the 1983 Pan American Games in Caracas, Venezuela. He won the gold medal in the 1987 Pan American Games, again fighting in the under 95 kg category. In 1987 he also won a bronze medal at the World Judo Championships. At the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul he became Olympic Champion, winning the -95 kg class by beating Marc Meiling from West Germany in the final. At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona he placed ninth. He won a silver medal at the 1993 World Judo Championships in Hamilton, losing the final to Hungarian judoka Antal Kovacs. At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta he received a bronze medal, and next year he won a silver medal at the 1997 World Judo Championships in Paris, behind gold winner Pawel Nastula from Poland. Political career Aurelio successfully ran for the city council of Sao Paulo in October 2004, representing the Partido Liberal party, being reelected for a second term in 2008 under the banner of the Republic Party.

7718820

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages%20of%20Indonesia

Languages of Indonesia

More than 700 living languages are spoken in Indonesia. This figure indicates that Indonesia has about 10% of the world's languages, establishing its reputation as the second most linguistically diverse nation in the world after Papua New Guinea. Most languages belong to the Austronesian language family, while there are over 270 Papuan languages spoken in eastern Indonesia. The language most widely spoken as a native language is Javanese. Languages in Indonesia are classified into nine categories: national language, locally used indigenous languages, regional lingua francas, foreign and additional languages, heritage languages, languages in the religious domain, English as a lingua franca, and sign languages. National language The official language of Indonesia is Indonesian (locally known as bahasa Indonesia), a standardised form of Malay, which serves as the lingua franca of the archipelago. The vocabulary of Indonesian borrows heavily from regional languages of Indonesia, such as Javanese, Sundanese and Minangkabau, as well as from Dutch, Sanskrit, Portuguese, Arabic and more recently English. The Indonesian language is primarily used in commerce, administration, education and the media, and thus nearly every Indonesian speaks the language to varying degrees of proficiency. Most Indonesians speak other languages, such as Javanese, as their first language. This makes plurilingualism a norm in Indonesia. Indigenous languages and regional lingua francas Indonesia recognizes only a single national language, and indigenous languages are recognized at the regional level, although policies vary from one region to another. For example, in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, the Javanese language is the region's official language along with Indonesian. Javanese is the most spoken indigenous language, with native speakers constituting 31.8% of the total population of Indonesia (as of 2010). Javanese speakers are predominantly located in the central to eastern parts of Java, and there are also sizable numbers in most provinces. The next most widely spoken regional languages in the country are Sundanese, local Malay, Madurese and Minangkabau. A sense of Indonesian nationhood exists alongside strong regional identities. There are hundreds of indigenous languages spoken in Indonesia. Most of them are locally used indigenous languages, a category of languages referring to those spoken at the local, regional level, spoken by a small number of people, ranging from a few to a few thousands of people. These include small languages such as Benggoi, Mombum and Towei. Other languages are spoken at the regional level to connect various ethnicities. For this reason, these languages are known as regional lingua francas (RLFs). According to Subhan Zein, there are at least 43 RLFs in Indonesia, categorized into two types: Malayic RLFs and Non-Malayic RLFs. The former refers to a group of regional lingua francas that are thought of as indigenised varieties of Malay or Indonesian. These include such languages as Ambon Malay, Banjar Malay and Papuan Malay. The latter refers to regional lingua francas that are not associated with Malay or Indonesian, including Biak, Iban and Onin. Foreign languages As early as the seventh century AD, the natives of the archipelago began an intense period of trade with people from China, India and other countries. This was followed by a long period of colonization by the Dutch and Portugal colonials. The outcome of these processes has been the development of a group of heritage languages spoken by Arab, Chinese, Eurasian and Dutch descendants, among others. Chinese linguistic varieties such as Hokkien, Hakka, and Mandarin are the most common heritage languages. A small number of heritage language speakers speak Arabic and Dutch. Dutch Despite the Dutch presence in Indonesia for almost 350 years (parts of Indonesia were ruled by the Dutch East India Company and the whole of modern Indonesia was in the Dutch East Indies) the Dutch language has no official status in Indonesia. The small minority that can speak the language fluently are either educated members of the oldest generation, or employed in the legal profession, as certain law codes are still only available in Dutch. English English has historically been categorized as the first foreign language in Indonesia. However, increasing exposure to English, the decreasing influence of native-speaker norms in the country and the prevalent use of English as a lingua franca in the broader context such as ASEAN means that the categorization has been put into question. Scholars such as Lowenberg argue that English is best seen as an additional language. Meanwhile, Zein argues that English in Indonesia is best categorized as a lingua franca, an argument parallel with Kirkpatrick's contention on the use of English as a lingua franca in the broader ASEAN context. Other languages Other languages, such as Arabic, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Russian, Portuguese and Spanish, are non-native to Indonesia. These languages are included in the educational curriculum and may be categorized as either foreign or additional languages, depending on the instrumental function of the languages, length and types of exposure, as well as the wide-ranging motivations of the speakers or learners who use and or learn them. Endangered languages There are 726 languages spoken across the Indonesian archipelago in 2009 (dropped from 742 languages in 2007), the second largest multilingual population in the world after Papua New Guinea. Indonesian Papua, which is adjacent to Papua New Guinea, has the most languages in Indonesia. Based on the Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale classification used by Ethnologue (formerly the Summer Institute of Linguistics), 63 languages are dying (shown in red on the bar chart, subdivided into Moribund and Nearly Extinct, or Dormant), which is defined as "The only fluent users (if any) are older than child-bearing age." Language policy In January 2013, Indonesia's then minister of education and culture, Muhammad Nuh, affirmed that the teaching of local languages as school subjects would be part of the national education curriculum. Muhammad stated that much of the public worry about the teaching of local languages being left out of the curriculum is misplaced, and that the new curriculum will be conveyed to them. Languages by speakers The population numbers given below are of native speakers, excepting the figure for Indonesian, which counts its total speakers. The total population of the country was 237.6 million in 2010. Languages by family Several prominent languages spoken in Indonesia sorted by language family are: Austronesian languages - (Malayo-Polynesian branch). Most languages spoken in Indonesia belong to this family, which in return are related to languages spoken in Madagascar, Malaysia, Philippines, New Zealand, Hawaii and various Oceanian countries. Javanese language, spoken in Yogyakarta, Central Java and East Java. Speakers also found in Lampung since Javanese migrants consists more than half of province's population. Also found throughout Indonesia and by migrants in Suriname. Most populous Austronesian language by number of first language speakers. Lampung language, two distinct but closely related languages spoken in Lampung, South Sumatra and Banten. Rejang language, spoken in Bengkulu province. Malayo-Sumbawan languages: Malay language, spoken throughout Indonesia. Also used as the national language (officially regulated and designated as Indonesian). Officially recognized in Malaysia (as Bahasa Melayu Malaysia), Singapore, and Brunei. Acehnese language, spoken in Aceh, especially coastal part of Sumatra island. Minangkabau language, spoken in West Sumatra. Banjar language, spoken in South, East, and Central Kalimantan. Sundanese language, spoken in West Java, Banten and Jakarta. Balinese language, spoken in Bali. Madurese language, spoken in Madura, Bawean and surrounding islands off the coast of Java. Sasak language, spoken in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Barito languages: Ma'anyan language, closely related to the Malagasy language spoken in Madagascar. Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands languages: Batak languages, seven closely related languages spoken by the Batak people in the highlands of North Sumatra. Nias language, in Nias island off the western coast of North Sumatra. Simeulue language, in Simeulue island off the western coast of Aceh. Gayo language, in Gayo highlands in central Aceh. South Sulawesi languages: Bugis language, spoken by Bugis in central South Sulawesi and neighbouring provinces. Makassarese language, spoken by Makassarese in southern end of South Sulawesi. Toraja language, spoken by Toraja people in northern highland of South Sulawesi. Mandar language, spoken in West Sulawesi. Philippine languages: Gorontalo language, spoken in Gorontalo province. Mongondow language, spoken in western part of North Sulawesi. Minahasan languages, spoken in eastern part of North Sulawesi. Sangiric languages, spoken in northern islands part of North Sulawesi. Oceanic languages Sarmi-Jayapura languages, spoken in the northern part of Papua. Enggano language of Sumatra, unclassified West Papuan languages, an indigenous language family found only in eastern Indonesia (northern Maluku and western Papua). No discernible relationship with other language families. Distinct from surrounding Austronesian languages. Ternate language, spoken in Ternate and northern Halmahera. Tidore language, spoken in Tidore and western Halmahera, closely related to the above Ternate language. Trans-New Guinea languages, an indigenous language family found in eastern Indonesia (New Guinea, Alor, Timor islands). Consisting of hundreds of languages, including the vernaculars of the Asmat and Dani people. Mairasi languages (4) East Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay) languages (10) Lakes Plain languages (19; upper Mamberamo River) Tor-Kwerba languages (17) Nimboran languages (5) Skou languages (Skou) Border languages (15) Senagi languages (2) Pauwasi languages There are many additional small families and isolates among the Papuan languages. Below is a full list of Papuan language families spoken in Indonesia, following Palmer, et al. (2018): Trans-New Guinea Ok-Oksapmin (also in Papua New Guinea) Dani Asmat-Kamoro Mek Paniai Lakes West Bomberai Somahai Anim (also in Papua New Guinea) Greater Awyu Kayagaric Kolopom Marori Timor-Alor-Pantar North Halmahera Tambora+ Nuclear South Bird's Head Inanwatan-Duriankere Konda-Yahadian Nuclear East Bird's Head Hatam-Mansim West Bird's Head Abun Mpur Maybrat Mor Tanah Merah Tor-Kwerba Lakes Plain Border (also in Papua New Guinea) Sko (also in Papua New Guinea) East Cenderawasih Bay Yam (also in Papua New Guinea) Komolom Yelmek-Maklew Eastern Pauwasi (also in Papua New Guinea) Western Pauwasi Nimboran Sentani Mairasi Kaure Lepki-Murkim Senagi (Angor-Dera) (also in Papua New Guinea) Tofanma-Namla Yapen Abinomn Burmeso Elseng Kapauri Kembra Keuw Kimki Massep Mawes Molof Usku Yetfa Bayono-Awbono Dem Uhunduni Sign languages There are at least 2.5 million sign language users across the country, although official report only shows less than 50,000. Sign language users are often ridiculed and stigmatized. Indonesian Sign Language Yogyakarta Sign Language Jakarta Sign Language Kata Kolok Writing system Indonesian languages are generally not rendered in native-invented systems, but in scripts devised by speakers of other languages, that is, Tamil, Arabic, and Latin. Malay, for example, has a long history as a written language and has been rendered in Brahmic, Arabic, and Latin scripts. Javanese has been written in the Pallava script of South India, as well as their derivative (known as Kawi and Javanese), in an Arabic alphabet called pegon that incorporates Javanese sounds, and in the Latin script. Chinese characters have never been used to write Indonesian languages, although Indonesian place-names, personal names, and names of trade goods appear in reports and histories written for China's imperial courts. List of writing systems Latin - The official writing system of Indonesian; most Indonesian vernacular languages now adopt Latin script. Kaganga - Historically used to write Rejang, an Austronesian language from Bengkulu. Rencong - A Brahmic-based script, formerly used by Malays before the arrival of Islam, which introduced the Jawi script. Sundanese - A Brahmic-based script, used by Sundanese to write the Sundanese language, although Sundanese also has a standard Latin orthography. Javanese - A Brahmic-based script used by the Javanese and related peoples. Today the script is in rapid decline and largely supplanted by Latin. Kawi script - The oldest known Brahmic writing system in Indonesia and the ancestor to all Brahmic based writing systems in Insular Southeast Asia. Balinese - A Brahmic-based script used by the Balinese people to write Balinese. It is closely related to Javanese script. Rejang - A Brahmic-based script used by the Rejang people of Bengkulu, Sumatra. It is closely related to Kerinci, Lampung and Rencong script. Kerinci (Kaganga) - A Brahmic-based script used by the Kerincis to write their language. Batak - A Brahmic-based script, used by the Batak people of North Sumatra. Lontara - A Brahmic-based script, used by the Buginese and Makassarese in Sulawesi. Lampung - A Brahmic-based script, still used by Lampung people to write Lampung language, although they are in rapid decline. Lampung script is closely related to Rencong, Kerinci and Rejang script. Hangeul Cia-Cia - The Hangeul script used to write the Cia-Cia language in Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi. Sample text The following texts are translations of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the languages of Indonesia. Portuguese (Portugues) Dutch (Nederlands) Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) Javanese (Basa Jawa) Malay (Bahasa Melayu) Minangkabau (Baso Minangkabau) Buginese (Basa Ugi) Balinese (Basa Bali) Sundanese (Basa Sunda) Madurese (Basa Madura) Musi (Baso Pelembang) Acehnese (Bahsa Aceh) Tetum (Lia-Tetun) Dawan (Uab Meto) Banjar (Bahasa Banjar) Lampung (Bahasa Lampung) Rejang (Baso Jang) Bengkulu Malay (Bahaso Melayu Bengkulu) Comparison chart Below is a chart of several Indonesian languages. All of them except for Galela belong to the Austronesian language family. While there have been misunderstandings on which ones should be classified as languages and which ones should be classified as dialects, the chart confirms that many have similarities, yet are not mutually comprehensible. The languages are arranged geographically. See also Languages of Sulawesi Languages of Kalimantan Notes References Citations Bibliography External links Graph of Indonesian ethnolinguistics Linguistic maps of Indonesia at Muturzikin.com How many people speak Indonesian?

116702

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Stockbridge%2C%20Massachusetts

West Stockbridge, Massachusetts

West Stockbridge is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The town had a population of 1,343 at the time of the 2020 United States Census. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. History West Stockbridge was first settled in 1766 and was officially incorporated in 1774. The town grew out of Stockbridge, formerly known as Indiantown, and was originally called Queensborough. The area was part of the disputed border between Massachusetts and New York, which eventually left the town in its current state. The town grew as five separate villages (West Center, West Stockbridge, Freedleyville, Rockdale and Williamsville), with West Stockbridge growing the largest because of the railroad, which hauled iron ore and marble. The town had an ironworks in Williamsville, founded by Colonel Elijah Williams, and the furnace smokestack is the only part which remains of the works. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 1.23%, is water. West Stockbridge is bordered on the north by Richmond, on the east by Stockbridge, on the south by Great Barrington, on the southwest by Alford, and on the west by Austerlitz and Canaan, New York. West Stockbridge is south-southwest of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, west-northwest of Springfield, west of Boston, and southeast of Albany, New York. West Stockbridge is situated along the Williams River, a marshy tributary of the Housatonic River. To the northeast, West Stockbridge Mountain lies along the Stockbridge town line. To the southwest, Tom Ball Mountain rises above the Alford town line, and Harvey Mountain rises on the state border. Maple Hill rises in the center of town, and is covered by a wildlife management area. Interstate 90, the Massachusetts Turnpike, crosses into the state in West Stockbridge. Exit 1 , which solely consists of a western exit and eastern entrance, is located near the center of town, near the southern junction of Route 41 and Route 102, which begins on the state border in the village of State Line. An abandoned rail line crosses through town, adjoining the active line in State Line and heading southward through town towards Great Barrington. The nearest regional transportation services can all be reached in Pittsfield, including bus, Amtrak and air service. The nearest national air service is at Albany International Airport in New York. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 1,416 people, 601 households, and 406 families residing in the town. By population, West Stockbridge ranks 18th out of the 32 cities and towns in Berkshire County, and 310th out of 351 cities and towns in Massachusetts. The population density was , which rank 15th in the county and 299th in the Commonwealth. There were 769 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 98.09% White, 0.28% African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.92% Asian, 0.07% from other races, and 0.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.85% of the population. There were 601 households, out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.9% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% were non-families. 27.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.86. In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.8% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 31.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males. The median income for a household in the town was $120,000, and the median income for a family was $100,000. Males had a median income of $95,000 versus $79,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $90,000. About 1.8% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.3% of those under age 18 and 3.8% of those age 65 or over. Government West Stockbridge employs the open town meeting form of government, and is led by a Select Board and a Town Administrator. The town has its own services, including police, fire and public works, as well as a post office. The town operates a library four days a week, which is connected to the regional library systems. On the state level, West Stockbridge is represented in the Massachusetts House of Representatives by the Fourth Berkshire district, which covers southern Berkshire County, as well as the westernmost towns in Hampden County. In the Massachusetts Senate, the town is represented by the Berkshire, Hampshire and Franklin district, which includes all of Berkshire County and western Hampshire and Franklin counties. The town is patrolled by the First (Lee) Station of Barracks "B" of the Massachusetts State Police. On the national level, West Stockbridge is represented in the United States House of Representatives as part of Massachusetts's 1st congressional district, and is represented by Richard Neal. Massachusetts is currently represented in the United States Senate by senior Senator Elizabeth Warren and junior Senator Ed Markey. Education West Stockbridge is a member of the Berkshire Hills Regional School District, along with Stockbridge and Great Barrington, which hosts all the district's schools. All students in the district attend the Muddy Brook Regional School from pre-kindergarten through fourth grades. Middle school students attend Monument Valley Regional Middle School, and high school students attend Monument Mountain Regional High School. Prior to creation of the regional district, high school students in West Stockbridge attended the former Williams High School in Stockbridge. There are private schools located in the nearby towns of Great Barrington and Lenox which are also open to students from the town. The nearest community college is the South County branch of Berkshire Community College in Great Barrington. The nearest state college is Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts in North Adams, and the nearest state university is the University of Massachusetts Amherst. The nearest private college is Bard College at Simon's Rock, also in Great Barrington. Culture Turn Park Art Space, an art museum, sculpture park, and performance space, opened on the site of a former limestone and marble quarry in May 2017.

2257724

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon%20Development%20Corporation

Cameroon Development Corporation

The Cameroon Development Cooperation (CDC), formerly known as the Commonwealth Development Cooperation, is one of Cameroon's major exporters and employers. The company was formed in 1947, for the purpose of developing and running plantations of tropical crops in the country. The CDC is an agribusiness company and its general offices are based in Bota, Limbe. Its principal products include rubber, oil palm, bananas, coconuts, tea, etc. The CDC is the largest employer in Cameroon and has helped the "bottle neck" Cameroonians and the country in a cultural way. Most of the first workers in Cameroon worked on its plantations. From wages earned on these plantations, millions of Cameroonians have received an education on the corrupt nature of the leadership. The CDC operates in groups, with each group controlling its own crop. For example the Group Palms Management is in charge of palm tree planting, growing, harvesting of palm fruits and the production of palm oil for export and local consumption. Staff operates in 3 levels: Senior service, intermediate service and Laborers. In 2019, due to the armed conflict in the North West and South West regions of Cameroon, it cut half of its 22,000 jobs. At the end of 2016, its plantations extended over 38,537 ha, including 20,695 ha in rubber trees (Rubber), 13,945 ha in oil palm trees, 3,897 ha in banana plantations.

5934561

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education%20in%20Zambia

Education in Zambia

Lower education in Zambia is divided into three levels and these are namely: primary, junior secondary and upper secondary. Higher education in Zambia has improved in the recent years due to the increase of private universities and colleges. The biggest university is the public University of Zambia which is located in the capital city of Lusaka along the great east road and hosts a number of local and international students. The Copperbelt University is the second largest public university and is located in the Copperbelt province of Zambia in Kitwe, and the youngest public university is Mulungushi University, with its main campus 26 km north of Kabwe. There are many other smaller universities, both public and private including the following: Texila American University, Zambia Open University, European University Zambia Zambia Catholic University, Cavendish University, Zambia Adventist University, Northrise University, University of Lusaka, Lusaka Apex Medical University, Woodlands University College, Copperstone University College, University of Barotseland, University of Africa, Information and Communication University, Kwame Nkrumah University of Education, Chalimbana University, Rusangu University, Robert Makasa University, Zambia Centre of Accountancy Studies and there are various Health training Institutes offering Diplomas in clinical medicine Registered Nursing Early Childhood Education (ECE), Primary and secondary education Primary Education in Zambia is the foundation of every one who gets into school, going from grade 1 - 7 with students then expected to pass the exams set by the Examination Council of Zambia at the end of the grade 7 school year. Primary schools are spread in all parts of the country. Zambia has close to 110 Districts. Primary schools are owned by the government, the private sector and communities. Teachers work there voluntarily or for small stipends, unless these schools are sponsored by charities. Some community schools charge significant fees and resemble low-end private schools, but most are very cheap and cater to pupils for whom the local government school is too far away or imposes unaffordable costs such as uniforms. With the exception of a few top private schools, Zambian schools are chronically under-resourced and educational standards extremely low. Schooling falls into the following levels: ECE, preschool and reception Primary, grades 1-7 Junior Secondary, grades 8-9 Senior Secondary, grades 10-12 Upon completion of primary school, you can hopefully get directly into a secondary school (Secondary schools offer education from grade 8-12)- unfortunately there are areas in Zambia that have no secondary schools. Efforts have been made and they have basic schools. Traditionally, grades 8-9 were part of Basic school. This allowed pupils unable to access secondary school to continue their schooling up to Grade 9, and provides primary schools with additional income (as government schools are allowed to charge fees to Gardes 8 and 9). In rural areas some pupils move long distances to access primary education and this has been a disadvantage in the fight to educating the future generation. Education system The Education system in Zambia is that of four levels: Early Childhood Education level Preschool. Primary level Grade 1 to 7. Education at this level is free at all governments schools. Junior Secondary school Grade 8 to 9. Theoretically free but many requirements Senior Secondary Grade 10 to 12. Education at this level is free at all governments schools and grant aided schools as of 2022. ASAT at grade 9 Higher education In Zambia, there are three government universities and several technical schools that provide higher education. The Ministry of Science Technology and Vocational Training (MSTVT) in Zambia was also developed in 1992 to foster growth in technological fields. Educational opportunities beyond secondary school are limited in Zambia. After secondary school, students mostly study at the various colleges around the country. Normally they all select students on the basis of ability; competition for places is intense. The introduction of fees in the late 1990s has made university level education inaccessible for some, although the government does theoretically provide state bursaries. Copperbelt University opened in the late 1980s, taking over most of the former Zambia Institute of Technology site in Kitwe. There are also several teacher training colleges offering two-year training programmes, while mission hospitals around the country offer internationally acceptable training for nurses. Several Christian schools offer seminary-level training. There are three main universities and several others: University of Zambia (UNZA) Copperbelt University (CBU) Mulungushi University (MU) Texila American University Zambia (TAU) DMI St. Eugene University (DMISEU) University of Lusaka (UNILUS) Cavendish University Zambia (CUZ) Lusaka Apex Medical University (LAMU) Zambia Open University (ZOU) Woodlands University College Kwame Nkrumah University (KWANU) University of Africa (UOA) University of Barotseland Information and Communication University (ICU) Mukuni University (MU) Eden University Kitwe College University of Education Africa Research University (ARU) Additional Centres of Higher Education: Apart from this universities and colleges, the country has also one of the oldest college offering distance education. Zambia College of Distance Education (ZACODE) formerly National Correspondence College has been in existence since 1963. The College had started from Evelyn Hone College then transferred from Lusaka to Luanshya. The college used to have 30000 learners and current crop of leaders in various institutions benefited from the materials the college produced and has continued to produce. Colleges and universities offering distance education must engage the college to help them improve on the distance materials being offered so that they become interactive. National Institute of Public Administration (NIPA) Northern Technical College (NORTEC) Natural Resources Development College (NRDC) The Evelyn Hone College University Teaching Hospital Ngoma Dolce Music Academy Northrise University Chikankata Nursing Training School Kabsy Consultancy Services University of Africa Many charities support schools and pupils in Zambia to complete their education. Brighter Futures Zambia cover the fees of orphan and vulnerable children in Monze, Southern Province. Impact Network operates 10 schools in Zambia's Eastern Province using an innovative e-learning model. Cecily's Fund funds the school courses of over 11,000 children (as of June 2010). The charity also fully funds Bwafano Community School in Lusaka. Other charities include Camfed and Bakashana who support young women and girls in Zambia to complete school. The Sun-spring Charity School offers almost free education to disadvantaged children in Ng'ombe township just outside Lusaka. Support from charities Many charities support schools and pupils in Zambia to complete their education. Sun-spring Charity School offers free basic education to Orphaned and Vulnerable Children, Brighter Futures Zambia cover the fees of orphan and vulnerable children in Monze, Southern Province. Impact Network operates 10 schools in Zambia's Eastern Province using an innovative e-learning model. Cecily's Fund funds the school courses of over 11,000 children (as of June 2010). The charity also fully funds Bwafano Community School in Lusaka. Other charities include Camfed, Bakashana, and Insaka who support young women and girls in Zambia to complete school. Finally, FVL Schools from Appleton, Wisconsin partners with Lutheran Schools in Lusaka and have given over $60,000 to build kitchens, provide food, and purchase school supplies.

4032134

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jade%20%28film%29

Jade (film)

Jade is a 1995 American erotic thriller film written by Joe Eszterhas, produced by Robert Evans, directed by William Friedkin, and starring David Caruso, Linda Fiorentino, Chazz Palminteri, Richard Crenna, and Michael Biehn. The original music score was composed by James Horner based on a song composed by Loreena McKennitt. The film was marketed with the tagline "Some fantasies go too far." Plot Assistant District Attorney David Corelli (Caruso) is called to the murder scene of prominent businessman Kyle Medford, found bludgeoned to death in his San Francisco home by an antique hatchet. Police detectives Bob Hargrove and Petey Vesko find photographs in Medford's safe of Governor Lew Edwards (Crenna) having sex with a prostitute, later identified as Patrice Jacinto. During questioning, Patrice reveals that she and several other women were paid by Medford to have sex with wealthy men at his beach house in Pacifica. She also informs them that the most desired prostitute among the clients was a woman known only as "Jade". In a private meeting with Governor Edwards and aide Bill Barrett, Corelli is warned not to make the photographs public. Corelli is then almost killed when his brake line is deliberately cut and his vehicle goes out of control while driving down a steep hill. The detectives find fingerprints on the hatchet belonging to Katrina Gavin, a clinical psychologist and former lover of Corelli's who eventually married his close friend, defense attorney Matt Gavin. When interviewed, Katrina explains that Medford gave her a tour of his antique collection on the day in question, but claims to have nothing to do with his death. At Medford's beach house, Corelli and the detectives find various drugs, alcohol, and sex toys, as well as hidden video cameras. They conclude Medford was recording the sex sessions to blackmail the men. Corelli is shocked to discover Katrina on one of the tapes; the revelation renews the detectives' interest in her as a suspect. Patrice arranges to meet Corelli at a restaurant to discuss Jade's identity, but she is murdered in a hit-and-run attack by an unknown assailant driving a black Ford Thunderbird. Corelli, witnessing the murder first-hand, chases the assailants' vehicle in vain. The detectives discover the Gavins own a similar Thunderbird, so suspect Katrina of killing Patrice, but then find the actual vehicle used in the hit-and-run abandoned, suggesting that someone is trying to frame Katrina. Katrina is again brought in for questioning and is shown the sex tape. Matt, in his capacity as her attorney, ends the interrogation before she fully explains her involvement. When confronted at their home, Katrina admits to her husband that she did have sex with the man on the tape, due in part to her knowledge of Matt's many affairs. Katrina visits Corelli at his apartment and tries unsuccessfully to seduce him. She admits having felt sexually liberated by sleeping with several men at the beach house. Meanwhile, the only witness to identify Katrina at the Pacifica beach house, a man named Henderson, is found murdered. Corelli informs the detectives at the crime scene that Katrina could not have killed him because he was with her at the time. Back at his apartment, Corelli is confronted by Matt, who holds him at gunpoint and angrily accuses him of sleeping with Katrina. Corelli denies it and persuades Matt that his wife's life is in danger. They hurry to the Gavin home, where Det. Hargrove, Barrett, and Pat Callendar have come to kill Katrina and search for the incriminating photos of the governor. Callendar is shot by Matt, but Barrett manages to escape. In the meantime, Hargrove tries to rape and kill Katrina, but Corelli and Matt arrive and Hargrove is shot by Matt. Corelli goes to the governor for a guarantee of Katrina's safety by leveraging his possession of the photographs. The governor denies any knowledge of Hargrove or Callendar's actions, but insinuates they were both acting on his behalf. As she gets ready for bed at home, Katrina finds photographs laid out in her bathroom of her having sex at the beach house. Matt admits to Katrina that he killed Medford, certain that Medford eventually would blackmail them both. He then tells Katrina to "introduce me to Jade" the next time they "make love". Cast Production Warren Beatty was the first choice to play the role of David Corelli, but turned it down. After his sudden departure from NYPD Blue, David Caruso was hoping to break through with a film career and accepted the role. The part of Matt Gavin was offered to Kenneth Branagh, before Chazz Palminteri was eventually cast. Julia Roberts and Sharon Stone were considered to play Katrina Gavin, but both rejected it. Linda Fiorentino was then asked, but she originally turned it down because she did not want to play a prostitute, but changed her mind once her character was changed through rewrites. According to Joe Eszterhas' autobiography, Hollywood Animal, William Friedkin changed the script so much that Eszterhas threatened to remove his name from the credits. He claimed Paramount settled by giving him a "blind script deal" worth $2-4 million. In an interview in Linda Ruth Williams' book The Erotic Thriller in Contemporary Cinema, Friedkin admitted that he had virtually rewritten the script. Friedkin also said that Jade was the favorite of all the films he had made. He later wrote the movie had "a terrific cast. Reception Box office The film, with an estimated production budget of $50 million, earned $9,851,610 at the North American domestic box office, taking in $4,284,246 in its opening weekend and ranking number five in the box-office charts. Critical response The film received negative reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively collected 31 reviews and gave the film an approval score of 16%, with an average rating of 4.3/10. The site's consensus reads: "An ostensible erotic thriller that's largely neither erotic nor thrilling, Jade marks one of several unfortunate low points for aggressively sexual mid-'90s cinema". On Metacritic it has a score of 33% based on reviews from 27 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C+" on an A+ to F scale. Gene Siskel singled the film out as the worst one he saw in 1995. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times responded to Siskel's worst-of selection by mounting a very mild defense where he said that he didn't think the movie was amongst the worst of 1995, although he added that he gave it a thumbs-down grade on their show and said that the plot was incomprehensible; in his print review, Ebert awarded it 2 out of 4 stars, and wrote: "There's only one character we can identify with - a San Francisco police detective played by David Caruso - and he doesn't drive the plot so much as get swept along by it." Brian Lowry of Variety called it "A muddled mix of sex, political corruption and murder, Jade is a jigsaw puzzle that never puts all the pieces together." Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote: "Though the combination of Linda Fiorentino, Chazz Palminteri and David Caruso promised Jade some fire, it winds up with no more spark than a doused campfire." Awards It earned two Golden Raspberry Award nominations, for Worst Screenplay and Worst New Star (for Caruso, who was nominated for both Jade and Kiss of Death), but lost both categories to Showgirls, also written by Joe Eszterhas. Other response Friedkin admitted the film was "a critical and financial disaster", although it "contained some of my best work. I felt I had let down the actors, the studio, and most of all, Sherry (Sherry Lansing, his wife, an executive at Paramount). I went into a deep funk. Was it the Exorcist curse, as many have suggested, a poor choice of material, or simply that whatever talent I had was ephemeral? Maybe all of the above." Michael Biehn was not fond of the film: "Well, on Jade, I had no idea what I was doing. I don't think anybody had any idea what they were doing. It was a Joe Eszterhas script. To me, none of it ever really made any sense. I didn't realize until the read-through that I was the bad guy in it. It was like a jumbled mess. And the movie came out a mess, too. It had great people on it, though. It had William Friedkin directing, it had Chazz Palmenteri, who was nominated that year for an Academy Award, it had Linda Fiorentino, who had just come out with that famous movie she did The Last Seduction, and it had David Caruso, who's a brilliant actor when given the right material, and a very smart guy. So a great cast, great director... everything but a script." Director's cut An unrated "director's cut" version featuring additional scenes and more explicit sexual footage with an additional 12 minutes was later released to VHS, though it is now out of print; the theatrical cut was used for the subsequent DVD and Blu-ray editions. The planned unrated versions for DVD, LaserDisc, and Blu-ray were cancelled, due to poor sales of the unrated VHS version. In one alternate version of Jade, rather than having Gavin get away with murder, Corelli returns to the house, clearly planning to place him under arrest. Cable channels USA, Cinemax, and WGN air the director's cut, including some scenes originally cut to avoid a possible NC-17 rating and for length.

36434594

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down%20to%20the%20Sea%20in%20Ships%20%281949%20film%29

Down to the Sea in Ships (1949 film)

Down to the Sea in Ships is a 1949 American seafaring drama film directed by Henry Hathaway, starring Richard Widmark and Lionel Barrymore. The supporting cast includes Dean Stockwell, Cecil Kellaway, Gene Lockhart, and John McIntire. There is no connection between this picture and the silent film by the same name; the only thing they have in common is the title and the setting. Plot Elderly whaling ship Captain Bering Joy (Lionel Barrymore) walks on crutches and is at the end of his career, based in New Bedford. His cousin Captain Jason Briggs visits and they debate Captain Joy's next voyage. Captain Joy takes his grandson Jed (Dean Stockwell) to the large but empty family house and gives him some education in preparation for a test. After their bedtime prayer grandpa says the outcome of the test is not so important. The next day he goes with Jed to meet with Andrew Bush, the school principal, who had once served under Captain Joy. Jed sits for the one hour written exam to determine whether he can be allowed to continue his education at sea or will be compelled to stay ashore and attend formal schoolroom classes. Jed fails the test, but Principal Bush instructs the teacher, who had administered the test, to change the score from 32 to 70, so the boy can be allowed to again go to sea, where he will learn real-life manly virtues from his grandfather. Once the boy's status is settled, Captain Joy goes to see Captain Jason Briggs who owns the ship (The Pride of New Bedford) and is introduced to Mr. Dan Lunceford who has been selected to serve as first mate on the ship's next whaling expedition. Mr. Lunceford has had a college education in marine biology specializing in the whale. Captain Joy is unimpressed by this but secretly recognizes Mr. Lunceford's potential as a tutor for Jeb. Captain Joy is then commissioned by Captain Briggs to command another whaling expedition in The Pride of New Bedford with Mr. Lunceford as First mate and takes Jed along on the whaling expedition. Once at sea, Captain Joy instructs Mr. Lunceford to tutor Jeb in his schooling. Meanwhile, Captain Joy secretly consults books in the privacy of his cabin to keep abreast of Mr. Lunceford in the eyes of Jed, even though the captain values life experience over book-learning. And Captain Joy mocks Mr. Lunceford's newfangled ideas about numerous things. Jed begins to idolize Mr. Lunceford. Jed is overjoyed when it is he who spots the first whale of the expedition. Mr. Lunceford goes out in command of a whaleboat crew to pursue the whale, with harpooner Britton in the bow of the boat. Captain Joy watches from the ship. The boat avoids being wrecked by the whale's tail, but the harpooner strikes, and the boat gets pulled along by the whale. Harpooner Britton gets his arm trapped and crushed in the confusion and Mr. Lunceford cuts the harpoon line with a hatchet to free him. Captain Joy subsequently congratulates Mr. Lunceford for making the correct decision (in freeing the harpooner) and acting quickly. A separate boat is sent to snare the whale and succeeds. The crew strip the whale of its blubber and cut the blubber into chunks on deck to be rendered of whale oil on the ship's tryworks. Next, Jed is allowed on the tiller of a whaleboat. Captain Joy watches with pride. But a fog bank approaches and the crew have to cease whaling. However the boat with Jed aboard is still out in the fog and has not returned. Mr. Lunceford tries to persuade Captain Joy to send a second search boat out, but the captain has a rule against sending out a second boat and resorts to prayer instead. Mr. Lunceford disobeys the captain's orders and lowers a second boat (with him in command) anyway. The boat with Jed aboard is found destroyed - probably in an encounter with a whale. Mr. Lunceford rescues the stranded crew including Jed, but is reprimanded by Captain joy and relieved of his duties for disobeying orders and, thereby, challenging the authority of the captain. Mr. Lunceford is to be put ashore at the next port of call - Valparaiso. Jed requests of his grandfather that he be put ashore along with Mr. Lunceford. Captain Joy has to start manning a whaleboat himself after relieving Mr. Lunceford of duty. The captain snares a whale off Cape Horn. However, the captain becomes ill from the exertion and must pass command to Mr. Lunceford, even offering Lunceford the captain's cabin (which Mr. Lunceford declines). Mr. Lunceford wants to head for Montevideo but is encouraged to keep whaling. Captain Joy, as he lies in the captain's bed, explains he was born in the captain's cabin of The Pride of New Bedford in the Bering Sea; hence his name. Mr. Lunceford explains to Jed that the captain always chooses what is best for the ship. Encountering a thick fog in the Antarctic Ocean, the ship sideswipes an iceberg as the crew are echo sounding with both voice and a foghorn in an attempt to avoid a collision. The collision holes the ship below the waterline. Mr. Lunceford goes over the side on a rope to investigate. Even though holed below the water line, the ship is resting on a ridge of ice below the water line. Harpooner Britton comes down to assist Mr. Lunceford but is crushed between the ship and the ice. Mr. Lunceford tries to help Britton and Lunceford's arm is broken in the attempt. The crew get both men back on board, but Britton is dead. Captain Joy arrives from below deck to organize the jury-rig patching of the hole in the ship's hull. Captain Joy relapses after supervising the hull patching operation. Thatch catches pneumonia and is also unlikely to survive. At the captain's bedside Jed (apologetically) withdraws his request to be put ashore, just before his grandfather dies of exposure exacerbated by old age. An entry is placed in the log that Captain Bering Joy was buried at sea: born on this vessel, died on this vessel. At the conclusion of the movie Mr. Lunceford tells Jeb that they will have a hard time trying to match Captain Joy's record in future whaling expeditions. Cast Richard Widmark as First Mate Dan Lunceford Lionel Barrymore as Captain Bering Joy Dean Stockwell as Jed Joy Cecil Kellaway as Slush Tubbs Gene Lockhart as Andrew Bush Berry Kroeger as Manchester John McIntire as Thatch Harry Morgan as Britton Harry Davenport as Benjamin Harris Paul Harvey as Captain Jason Briggs Jay C. Flippen as Sewell Arthur Hohl as Blair (uncredited) Dorothy Adams as Bush's secretary Reception The New York Times February 23, 1949 review by "T. M. P." praised the film, describing the action with relish and concluding: "Down to the Sea in Ships is a good adventure for man and boy, for it makes some points about character building which can do none of us any harm." On December 31, 1948, Variety staff observed that the "first half is becalmed" in thorough character development, but "In the last hour, picture really shakes out its sails and goes wing-and-winging before the wind. The taking of a whale and the rendering of blubber to oil, the dangers of fog and the menace of a wreck on an iceberg is sturdy excitement that serves as a fitting climax to the story of an old whaler captain, his young grandson and of a young first mate." Leonard Maltin gives the film three out of four stars, calling it a "good atmospheric yarn".

1030879

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%20Instruments%20LPC%20Speech%20Chips

Texas Instruments LPC Speech Chips

The Texas Instruments LPC Speech Chips are a series of speech synthesizer digital signal processor integrated circuits created by Texas Instruments beginning in 1978. They continued to be developed and marketed for many years, though the speech department moved around several times within TI until finally dissolving in late 2001. The rights to the speech-specific subset of the MSP line, the last remaining line of TI speech products as of 2001, were sold to Sensory, Inc. in October 2001. Theory Speech data is stored through pitch-excited linear predictive coding (PE-LPC), where words are created by a lattice filter, selectably fed by either an excitation ROM (containing a glottal pulse waveform) or an LFSR (linear feedback shift register) noise generator. Linear predictive coding achieves a vast reduction in data volume needed to recreate intelligible speech data. History The TMC0280/TMS5100 was the first self-contained LPC speech synthesizer IC ever made. It was designed for Texas Instruments by Larry Brantingham, Paul S. Breedlove, Richard H. Wiggins, and Gene A. Frantz and its silicon was laid out by Larry Brantingham. The chip was designed for the 'Spelling Bee' project at TI, which later became the Speak & Spell. A speech-less 'Spelling B' was released at the same time as the Speak & Spell. All TI LPC speech chips until the TSP50cxx series used PMOS architecture, and LPC-10 encoding in a special TI-specific format. Chips in the TI LPC speech series were labeled as TMCxxxx or CDxxxx when used by TI's consumer product division, or labeled as TMS5xxx (later TSP5xxx) when sold to 3rd parties. TI LPC Speech chip family 1978 TMS5100 (TMC0281, internal TI name is '0280' hence chip is sometimes labeled TMC0280): First LPC speech chip. Used a custom 4-bit serial interface using TMS6100 or TMS6125 mask ROM ICs; used on all non-super versions of the Speak & Spell except for the 1980 UK version, which used the TMC0280/CD2801 below. It was also used on the Byron Petite Electronic Talking Typewriter toy. Superseded in 1979 by TMS5100A and TMS5110. 1980 TMC0280 AKA CD2801: Used in the Speak & Math, Speak & Read, and the TI Language Translator/Language Tutor. Pin, but not function compatible with TMS5100/TMC0280, has a different LPC and slightly different Chirp table. The CD2801/Die revision F fixes an interpolator bug. TMS5100A: Die shrink of TMS5100/TMC0281. Very minor differences in function, uses die rev F, fixing a bug in the interpolator. Used on the Century Video System arcade platform. Uses the original chirp table. TMS5110: Has updated LPC tables (which mostly match 5220, see below). Pin, but not function compatible with TMS5100. It was used in the Monkgomery puppet toy made by Hasbro. An SDIP version of this chip was sold at some point as the "TMS5111". Uses the 'final' chirp table. TMS5200 (AKA CD2501E, internal TI name is '0285' hence chip is sometimes labeled TMC0285): Added 8-bit parallel FIFO interface; designed for use by the TI consumer division for the TI-99/4A speech module; also used on the 4th generation Bally/Midway pinball tables' Squawk and Talk speech board (part number AS-2518-61), on the Environmental cabinet version of the Bally/Midway arcade game Discs of TRON, on (earlier) Apple II Echo II cards, and on the Zaccaria arcade games Jack Rabbit and Money Money, and Zaccaria pinball machines Pinball Champ and Soccer Kings. Superseded by TMS5220 in late 1980/1981, and possibly sold as cheap, 'fire-sale' stock in 1982-1983. Uses the 'final' chirp table. CD2802: A version of the TMS5100/5110 with different LPC and Chirp tables, not the same as either the TMS5100(A) or TMS5110(A). Used on the Touch and Tell only, never sold outside of the company. Uses its own, unique, chirp table. TMS5110A (after 1985: TSP5110A): Die shrink of TMS5110, pin and function compatible. Used on at least two home computer products. It was used on the arcade game Bagman by Valadon Automation, by Omnicron Electronics on the TCC-14 Talking Clock/Calendar, and on the arcade game A.D. 2083 by Midcoin. Used on the Chrysler Electronic Voice Alert vehicle monitoring system. Uses the 'final' chirp table. ): Improved version of the TMS5200, pin but not function compatible (has new LPC tables); used on (later) Apple II Echo II cards, (rumor) on the very last run of TI-99/4A speech modules, on the BBC Micro, in Bally/Midway's NFL Football arcade game, and in many Atari, Inc. arcade games, including Star Wars, Firefox, Return of the Jedi, Road Runner, The Empire Strikes Back. Later Atari arcade games used the TMS5220C, see below. The TMS5220 was also used in Zaccaria pinball machines Farfalla, Devil Riders, Time Machine, Magic Castle, Robot, Clown, Pool Champion, Blackbelt, Mexico '86, Zankor, and Spooky. The TMS5220 was also used on Venture Line's Looping and Sky Bumper, Olympia's Portraits, and Exidy's Victory and Victor Banana arcade machines. The TMS5220 was also used in the Androbot, Inc. Topo line of robots, starting with Topo II and Topo III in 1984. Superseded by TMS5220C in 1983/1984. Uses the 'final' chirp table. HP 82967A Speech synthesis module, adding 1500-word vocabulary to Series 80 computers. 1983 TMS5220C (after 1985: TSP5220C): has the two NOP commands the parallel FIFO interface reworked to control speech rate, added external full reset; minor change apparent to the way energy values affect unvoiced frames. Otherwise identical, pin-compatible, and a drop-in replacement to the TMS5220. Used on the Atari arcade games Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, 720deg, Gauntlet, Gauntlet II, A.P.B., Paperboy, RoadBlasters, Vindicators Part II, and finally Escape from the Planet of the Robot Monsters. Also used on the IBM PS/2 Speech Adapter and the Pacific Educational Systems RS-232 Speech adapter. Manufactured into the early 1990s. 1985 TSP50C50: CMOS, uses LPC-12 instead of LPC-10, uses TMS60C20 256Kb/32KiB serial ROM instead of TMS6100. Uses 'D6' LPC tables and chirp tables, which were common for the whole TSP50Cxx series. Has built in low-pass analog filter. Manufactured into the early 1990s. 1986 TSP50C40 (later MSP50C40): TSP50C50 plus a simple 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip mask ROM. Was used in a number of TI's consumer division products, and named CM54129/CM54169 for the speak&music. 1987 and later Several other TSP50Cxx products, which added more ROM/ram, did away with the serial interface entirely, etc. The TSP53C30 microcontroller product emulates a TMS5220 PE-LPC, but also has support for D6 LPC as well as PCM sound output. After about 1997, the TSP non-microcontroller line was phased out in favor of speech-specific members of the MSP line, which have microcontrollers. In October 2001, the rights to the speech-specific subset of the MSP line of chips (MSP50C6XX chip family) was sold by TI to Sensory, Inc. Sensory rebranded the chips as the Sensory SC-6x line. In October 2007, Sensory announced it would no longer accept new mask submissions for the SC-6x line. Orders for chips with existing masks will continue to be accepted for at least the next year. The companion devices to all versions of the speech chip were the custom 4-bit-interfaced 128Kbit (16KiB) TMS6100NL (AKA TMC0350) and 32Kbit (4KiB) TMS6125NL (a.k.a. TMS7125) read-only memories which were mask programmed with words required for a specific product. ALL versions of the LPC chips until the TSP50Cxx series support them. All versions of the TMS6100 appear to only have 128Kbit/16KiB of content, regardless of rumors to the contrary. References Notes ftp://anonymous@ftp.whtech.com/datasheets%20and%20manuals/Datasheets%20-%20TI/TMS5220.PDF - TMS5220 datasheet Video - Demonstration of TMS5220 via emulation and demo of QBOX Pro software.

42187945

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praise%20the%20Beast

Praise the Beast

Praise the Beast is the fourth studio album by Polish death metal band Azarath. It was released on 25 May 2009 by Agonia Records. It was also released on American label Deathgasm Records. The drums for the album were recorded at RG Studio in Gdansk, Poland during September 2008. The guitars and bass were recorded at Progresja Studio in Warsaw during October 2008. The vocals and solos, as well as mixing and mastering for the album, were done at Sounds Great Promotion Studio in Gdynia, Poland between January and March 2009. Track listing All music composed by Bart and Inferno. All lyrics written by Baal Ravenlock.