gaussalgo/Canard_Wiki-augmented huggingface dataset:
John Mayer

Context: In 2002, Mayer created the "Back to You" Fund, a nonprofit organization that focuses on fundraising in the areas of health care, education, the arts and talent development. The foundation auctions exclusive John Mayer items, such as guitar picks, T-shirts and signed CDs. The auctions have been successful, with some tickets selling for more than seventeen times their face value.  Mayer participated at the East Rutherford, New Jersey location of the Live Earth project, a musical rally to support awareness for climate change held July 7, 2007.  Mayer performed at a number of benefits and telethons for charity throughout his career. He has participated in benefits for the Elton John AIDS Foundation. In response to the Virginia Tech massacre, Mayer (along with Dave Matthews Band, Phil Vassar, and Nas) performed a free concert at Virginia Tech's Lane Stadium on September 6, 2007. followed by an appearance with Rob Thomas at the Annual Holiday Concert at Blythedale Children's Hospital in Valhalla that winter. On December 8, 2007, Mayer hosted the first annual Charity Revue, a tradition he has continued each year. Charities who have benefited from the concerts include Toys for Tots, Inner City Arts and the Los Angeles Mission. CDs and DVDs of the first concert were released under the title Where the Light Is in July 2008. Mayer appeared on Songs for Tibet: The Art of Peace, a celebrity initiative to support Tibet and the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. Mayer (along with Keith Urban) headline Tiger Jam 2011 in Las Vegas to help raise around $750,000 for the Tiger Woods Foundation. In January 2013, Mayer participated with Zac Brown in a benefit concert in Bozeman, Montana where they raised more than $100,000 for firefighters who battled a wildfire in the summer of 2012 in Paradise Valley that destroyed 12,000 acres. CANNOTANSWER

Question: How does the "Back to You" Fund charity raise money?
Answer: The foundation auctions exclusive John Mayer items,
John Mayer

Context: In 2002, Mayer created the "Back to You" Fund, a nonprofit organization that focuses on fundraising in the areas of health care, education, the arts and talent development. The foundation auctions exclusive John Mayer items, such as guitar picks, T-shirts and signed CDs. The auctions have been successful, with some tickets selling for more than seventeen times their face value.  Mayer participated at the East Rutherford, New Jersey location of the Live Earth project, a musical rally to support awareness for climate change held July 7, 2007.  Mayer performed at a number of benefits and telethons for charity throughout his career. He has participated in benefits for the Elton John AIDS Foundation. In response to the Virginia Tech massacre, Mayer (along with Dave Matthews Band, Phil Vassar, and Nas) performed a free concert at Virginia Tech's Lane Stadium on September 6, 2007. followed by an appearance with Rob Thomas at the Annual Holiday Concert at Blythedale Children's Hospital in Valhalla that winter. On December 8, 2007, Mayer hosted the first annual Charity Revue, a tradition he has continued each year. Charities who have benefited from the concerts include Toys for Tots, Inner City Arts and the Los Angeles Mission. CDs and DVDs of the first concert were released under the title Where the Light Is in July 2008. Mayer appeared on Songs for Tibet: The Art of Peace, a celebrity initiative to support Tibet and the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. Mayer (along with Keith Urban) headline Tiger Jam 2011 in Las Vegas to help raise around $750,000 for the Tiger Woods Foundation. In January 2013, Mayer participated with Zac Brown in a benefit concert in Bozeman, Montana where they raised more than $100,000 for firefighters who battled a wildfire in the summer of 2012 in Paradise Valley that destroyed 12,000 acres. CANNOTANSWER

Question: Did the "Back to You" Fund charity earn a lot of money?
Answer: The auctions have been successful, with some tickets selling for more than seventeen times their face value.
John Mayer

Context: In 2002, Mayer created the "Back to You" Fund, a nonprofit organization that focuses on fundraising in the areas of health care, education, the arts and talent development. The foundation auctions exclusive John Mayer items, such as guitar picks, T-shirts and signed CDs. The auctions have been successful, with some tickets selling for more than seventeen times their face value.  Mayer participated at the East Rutherford, New Jersey location of the Live Earth project, a musical rally to support awareness for climate change held July 7, 2007.  Mayer performed at a number of benefits and telethons for charity throughout his career. He has participated in benefits for the Elton John AIDS Foundation. In response to the Virginia Tech massacre, Mayer (along with Dave Matthews Band, Phil Vassar, and Nas) performed a free concert at Virginia Tech's Lane Stadium on September 6, 2007. followed by an appearance with Rob Thomas at the Annual Holiday Concert at Blythedale Children's Hospital in Valhalla that winter. On December 8, 2007, Mayer hosted the first annual Charity Revue, a tradition he has continued each year. Charities who have benefited from the concerts include Toys for Tots, Inner City Arts and the Los Angeles Mission. CDs and DVDs of the first concert were released under the title Where the Light Is in July 2008. Mayer appeared on Songs for Tibet: The Art of Peace, a celebrity initiative to support Tibet and the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. Mayer (along with Keith Urban) headline Tiger Jam 2011 in Las Vegas to help raise around $750,000 for the Tiger Woods Foundation. In January 2013, Mayer participated with Zac Brown in a benefit concert in Bozeman, Montana where they raised more than $100,000 for firefighters who battled a wildfire in the summer of 2012 in Paradise Valley that destroyed 12,000 acres. CANNOTANSWER

Question: What is a type of philanthropy John Mayer works with?
Answer: Mayer participated with Zac Brown in a benefit concert in Bozeman, Montana where they raised more than $100,000 for firefighters
John Mayer

Context: In 2002, Mayer created the "Back to You" Fund, a nonprofit organization that focuses on fundraising in the areas of health care, education, the arts and talent development. The foundation auctions exclusive John Mayer items, such as guitar picks, T-shirts and signed CDs. The auctions have been successful, with some tickets selling for more than seventeen times their face value.  Mayer participated at the East Rutherford, New Jersey location of the Live Earth project, a musical rally to support awareness for climate change held July 7, 2007.  Mayer performed at a number of benefits and telethons for charity throughout his career. He has participated in benefits for the Elton John AIDS Foundation. In response to the Virginia Tech massacre, Mayer (along with Dave Matthews Band, Phil Vassar, and Nas) performed a free concert at Virginia Tech's Lane Stadium on September 6, 2007. followed by an appearance with Rob Thomas at the Annual Holiday Concert at Blythedale Children's Hospital in Valhalla that winter. On December 8, 2007, Mayer hosted the first annual Charity Revue, a tradition he has continued each year. Charities who have benefited from the concerts include Toys for Tots, Inner City Arts and the Los Angeles Mission. CDs and DVDs of the first concert were released under the title Where the Light Is in July 2008. Mayer appeared on Songs for Tibet: The Art of Peace, a celebrity initiative to support Tibet and the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. Mayer (along with Keith Urban) headline Tiger Jam 2011 in Las Vegas to help raise around $750,000 for the Tiger Woods Foundation. In January 2013, Mayer participated with Zac Brown in a benefit concert in Bozeman, Montana where they raised more than $100,000 for firefighters who battled a wildfire in the summer of 2012 in Paradise Valley that destroyed 12,000 acres. CANNOTANSWER

Question: Besides Zac Brown,does John Mayer work with any other artists for charity?
Answer: In response to the Virginia Tech massacre, Mayer (along with Dave Matthews Band, Phil Vassar, and Nas) performed a free concert
John Mayer

Context: In 2002, Mayer created the "Back to You" Fund, a nonprofit organization that focuses on fundraising in the areas of health care, education, the arts and talent development. The foundation auctions exclusive John Mayer items, such as guitar picks, T-shirts and signed CDs. The auctions have been successful, with some tickets selling for more than seventeen times their face value.  Mayer participated at the East Rutherford, New Jersey location of the Live Earth project, a musical rally to support awareness for climate change held July 7, 2007.  Mayer performed at a number of benefits and telethons for charity throughout his career. He has participated in benefits for the Elton John AIDS Foundation. In response to the Virginia Tech massacre, Mayer (along with Dave Matthews Band, Phil Vassar, and Nas) performed a free concert at Virginia Tech's Lane Stadium on September 6, 2007. followed by an appearance with Rob Thomas at the Annual Holiday Concert at Blythedale Children's Hospital in Valhalla that winter. On December 8, 2007, Mayer hosted the first annual Charity Revue, a tradition he has continued each year. Charities who have benefited from the concerts include Toys for Tots, Inner City Arts and the Los Angeles Mission. CDs and DVDs of the first concert were released under the title Where the Light Is in July 2008. Mayer appeared on Songs for Tibet: The Art of Peace, a celebrity initiative to support Tibet and the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. Mayer (along with Keith Urban) headline Tiger Jam 2011 in Las Vegas to help raise around $750,000 for the Tiger Woods Foundation. In January 2013, Mayer participated with Zac Brown in a benefit concert in Bozeman, Montana where they raised more than $100,000 for firefighters who battled a wildfire in the summer of 2012 in Paradise Valley that destroyed 12,000 acres. CANNOTANSWER

Question: How many people attended John Mayer free concert?
Answer: CANNOTANSWER
New Order (band)

Context: 1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles, brandishing "The Perfect Kiss"--the video for which was filmed by Jonathan Demme--and "Sub-culture". In February 1986, the soundtrack album to Pretty in Pink featuring "Shellshock" was released on A&M Records. An instrumental version of "Thieves Like Us" and the instrumental "Elegia" appeared in the film but were not on the soundtrack album. Later that summer, New Order headlined a line-up that included the Smiths, the Fall, and A Certain Ratio during the Festival of the Tenth Summer at Manchester's G-Mex.  Brotherhood (1986) divided the two approaches onto separate album sides. The album notably featured "Bizarre Love Triangle" and "Angel Dust" (of which a remixed instrumental version is available on the UK "True Faith" CD video single, under the title "Evil Dust"), a track which marries a synth break beat with Low-Life-era guitar effects. While New Order toured North America with friends Echo & the Bunnymen, the summer of 1987 saw the release of the compilation Substance, which featured the new single "True Faith". Substance was an important album in collecting the group's 12-inch singles onto CD for the first time and featured new versions of "Temptation" and "Confusion"--referred to as "Temptation '87" and "Confusion '87". A second disc featured several of the B-sides from the singles on the first disc, as well as additional A-sides "Procession" and "Murder". The single, "True Faith", with its surreal video, became a hit on MTV and the band's first American top 40 hit. The single's B-side, "1963"--originally planned on being the A-side until the group's label convinced them to release "True Faith" instead--would later be released as a single in its own right several years later, with two new versions.  In December 1987, the band released a further single, "Touched by the Hand of God", with a Kathryn Bigelow-directed video parodying glam-metal. The single reached number 20 on the UK Singles Chart and number 1 in the UK Independent Singles chart, but would not appear on an album until the 1994 compilation The Best of New Order. CANNOTANSWER

Question: what happened in 1985 for Factory Records?
Answer: Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles, brandishing "The Perfect Kiss"--
New Order (band)

Context: 1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles, brandishing "The Perfect Kiss"--the video for which was filmed by Jonathan Demme--and "Sub-culture". In February 1986, the soundtrack album to Pretty in Pink featuring "Shellshock" was released on A&M Records. An instrumental version of "Thieves Like Us" and the instrumental "Elegia" appeared in the film but were not on the soundtrack album. Later that summer, New Order headlined a line-up that included the Smiths, the Fall, and A Certain Ratio during the Festival of the Tenth Summer at Manchester's G-Mex.  Brotherhood (1986) divided the two approaches onto separate album sides. The album notably featured "Bizarre Love Triangle" and "Angel Dust" (of which a remixed instrumental version is available on the UK "True Faith" CD video single, under the title "Evil Dust"), a track which marries a synth break beat with Low-Life-era guitar effects. While New Order toured North America with friends Echo & the Bunnymen, the summer of 1987 saw the release of the compilation Substance, which featured the new single "True Faith". Substance was an important album in collecting the group's 12-inch singles onto CD for the first time and featured new versions of "Temptation" and "Confusion"--referred to as "Temptation '87" and "Confusion '87". A second disc featured several of the B-sides from the singles on the first disc, as well as additional A-sides "Procession" and "Murder". The single, "True Faith", with its surreal video, became a hit on MTV and the band's first American top 40 hit. The single's B-side, "1963"--originally planned on being the A-side until the group's label convinced them to release "True Faith" instead--would later be released as a single in its own right several years later, with two new versions.  In December 1987, the band released a further single, "Touched by the Hand of God", with a Kathryn Bigelow-directed video parodying glam-metal. The single reached number 20 on the UK Singles Chart and number 1 in the UK Independent Singles chart, but would not appear on an album until the 1994 compilation The Best of New Order. CANNOTANSWER

Question: was low-life an album?
Answer: CANNOTANSWER
New Order (band)

Context: 1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles, brandishing "The Perfect Kiss"--the video for which was filmed by Jonathan Demme--and "Sub-culture". In February 1986, the soundtrack album to Pretty in Pink featuring "Shellshock" was released on A&M Records. An instrumental version of "Thieves Like Us" and the instrumental "Elegia" appeared in the film but were not on the soundtrack album. Later that summer, New Order headlined a line-up that included the Smiths, the Fall, and A Certain Ratio during the Festival of the Tenth Summer at Manchester's G-Mex.  Brotherhood (1986) divided the two approaches onto separate album sides. The album notably featured "Bizarre Love Triangle" and "Angel Dust" (of which a remixed instrumental version is available on the UK "True Faith" CD video single, under the title "Evil Dust"), a track which marries a synth break beat with Low-Life-era guitar effects. While New Order toured North America with friends Echo & the Bunnymen, the summer of 1987 saw the release of the compilation Substance, which featured the new single "True Faith". Substance was an important album in collecting the group's 12-inch singles onto CD for the first time and featured new versions of "Temptation" and "Confusion"--referred to as "Temptation '87" and "Confusion '87". A second disc featured several of the B-sides from the singles on the first disc, as well as additional A-sides "Procession" and "Murder". The single, "True Faith", with its surreal video, became a hit on MTV and the band's first American top 40 hit. The single's B-side, "1963"--originally planned on being the A-side until the group's label convinced them to release "True Faith" instead--would later be released as a single in its own right several years later, with two new versions.  In December 1987, the band released a further single, "Touched by the Hand of God", with a Kathryn Bigelow-directed video parodying glam-metal. The single reached number 20 on the UK Singles Chart and number 1 in the UK Independent Singles chart, but would not appear on an album until the 1994 compilation The Best of New Order. CANNOTANSWER

Question: what was brotherhood related to Low-Life?
Answer: album
New Order (band)

Context: 1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles, brandishing "The Perfect Kiss"--the video for which was filmed by Jonathan Demme--and "Sub-culture". In February 1986, the soundtrack album to Pretty in Pink featuring "Shellshock" was released on A&M Records. An instrumental version of "Thieves Like Us" and the instrumental "Elegia" appeared in the film but were not on the soundtrack album. Later that summer, New Order headlined a line-up that included the Smiths, the Fall, and A Certain Ratio during the Festival of the Tenth Summer at Manchester's G-Mex.  Brotherhood (1986) divided the two approaches onto separate album sides. The album notably featured "Bizarre Love Triangle" and "Angel Dust" (of which a remixed instrumental version is available on the UK "True Faith" CD video single, under the title "Evil Dust"), a track which marries a synth break beat with Low-Life-era guitar effects. While New Order toured North America with friends Echo & the Bunnymen, the summer of 1987 saw the release of the compilation Substance, which featured the new single "True Faith". Substance was an important album in collecting the group's 12-inch singles onto CD for the first time and featured new versions of "Temptation" and "Confusion"--referred to as "Temptation '87" and "Confusion '87". A second disc featured several of the B-sides from the singles on the first disc, as well as additional A-sides "Procession" and "Murder". The single, "True Faith", with its surreal video, became a hit on MTV and the band's first American top 40 hit. The single's B-side, "1963"--originally planned on being the A-side until the group's label convinced them to release "True Faith" instead--would later be released as a single in its own right several years later, with two new versions.  In December 1987, the band released a further single, "Touched by the Hand of God", with a Kathryn Bigelow-directed video parodying glam-metal. The single reached number 20 on the UK Singles Chart and number 1 in the UK Independent Singles chart, but would not appear on an album until the 1994 compilation The Best of New Order. CANNOTANSWER

Question: Was Brotherhood successful?
Answer: CANNOTANSWER
New Order (band)

Context: 1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles, brandishing "The Perfect Kiss"--the video for which was filmed by Jonathan Demme--and "Sub-culture". In February 1986, the soundtrack album to Pretty in Pink featuring "Shellshock" was released on A&M Records. An instrumental version of "Thieves Like Us" and the instrumental "Elegia" appeared in the film but were not on the soundtrack album. Later that summer, New Order headlined a line-up that included the Smiths, the Fall, and A Certain Ratio during the Festival of the Tenth Summer at Manchester's G-Mex.  Brotherhood (1986) divided the two approaches onto separate album sides. The album notably featured "Bizarre Love Triangle" and "Angel Dust" (of which a remixed instrumental version is available on the UK "True Faith" CD video single, under the title "Evil Dust"), a track which marries a synth break beat with Low-Life-era guitar effects. While New Order toured North America with friends Echo & the Bunnymen, the summer of 1987 saw the release of the compilation Substance, which featured the new single "True Faith". Substance was an important album in collecting the group's 12-inch singles onto CD for the first time and featured new versions of "Temptation" and "Confusion"--referred to as "Temptation '87" and "Confusion '87". A second disc featured several of the B-sides from the singles on the first disc, as well as additional A-sides "Procession" and "Murder". The single, "True Faith", with its surreal video, became a hit on MTV and the band's first American top 40 hit. The single's B-side, "1963"--originally planned on being the A-side until the group's label convinced them to release "True Faith" instead--would later be released as a single in its own right several years later, with two new versions.  In December 1987, the band released a further single, "Touched by the Hand of God", with a Kathryn Bigelow-directed video parodying glam-metal. The single reached number 20 on the UK Singles Chart and number 1 in the UK Independent Singles chart, but would not appear on an album until the 1994 compilation The Best of New Order. CANNOTANSWER

Question: In addition to Brotherhood, any other interesting aspects about Low-Life?
Answer: Substance was an important album in collecting the group's 12-inch singles onto CD for the first time
Mandaeism

Context: There is a strict division between Mandaean laity and the priests. According to E.S. Drower (The Secret Adam, p. ix):  [T]hose amongst the community who possess secret knowledge are called Nasuraiia--Nasoreans (or, if the emphatic 
 is written as <z>, Nazorenes). At the same time the ignorant or semi-ignorant laity are called 'Mandaeans', Mandaiia--'gnostics.' When a man becomes a priest he leaves 'Mandaeanism' and enters tarmiduta, 'priesthood.' Even then he has not attained to true enlightenment, for this, called 'Nasiruta', is reserved for a very few. Those possessed of its secrets may call themselves Nasoreans, and 'Nasorean' today indicates not only one who observes strictly all rules of ritual purity, but one who understands the secret doctrine.  There are three grades of priesthood in Mandaeism: the tarmidia "disciples" (Neo-Mandaic tarmidana), the ganzibria "treasurers" (from Old Persian ganza-bara "id.," Neo-Mandaic ganzebrana) and the risamma "leader of the people." This last office, the highest level of the Mandaean priesthood, has lain vacant for many years. At the moment, the highest office currently occupied is that of the ganzebra, a title which appears first in a religious context in the Aramaic ritual texts from Persepolis (c. 3rd century BCE) and which may be related to the kamnaskires (Elamite <qa-ap-nu-is-ki-ra> kapnuskir "treasurer"), title of the rulers of Elymais (modern Khuzestan) during the Hellenistic age. Traditionally, any ganzebra who baptizes seven or more ganzebrana may qualify for the office of risamma, though the Mandaean community has yet to rally as a whole behind any single candidate.  The contemporary priesthood can trace its immediate origins to the first half of the 19th century. In 1831, an outbreak of cholera devastated the region and eliminated most if not all of the Mandaean religious authorities. Two of the surviving acolytes (sgandia), Yahia Bihram and Ram Zihrun, reestablished the priesthood on the basis of their own training and the texts that were available to them.  In 2009, there were two dozen Mandaean priests in the world, according to the Associated Press. CANNOTANSWER

Question: What role do priests play in Mandaeism?
Answer: There are three grades of priesthood in Mandaeism:
Mandaeism

Context: There is a strict division between Mandaean laity and the priests. According to E.S. Drower (The Secret Adam, p. ix):  [T]hose amongst the community who possess secret knowledge are called Nasuraiia--Nasoreans (or, if the emphatic 
 is written as <z>, Nazorenes). At the same time the ignorant or semi-ignorant laity are called 'Mandaeans', Mandaiia--'gnostics.' When a man becomes a priest he leaves 'Mandaeanism' and enters tarmiduta, 'priesthood.' Even then he has not attained to true enlightenment, for this, called 'Nasiruta', is reserved for a very few. Those possessed of its secrets may call themselves Nasoreans, and 'Nasorean' today indicates not only one who observes strictly all rules of ritual purity, but one who understands the secret doctrine.  There are three grades of priesthood in Mandaeism: the tarmidia "disciples" (Neo-Mandaic tarmidana), the ganzibria "treasurers" (from Old Persian ganza-bara "id.," Neo-Mandaic ganzebrana) and the risamma "leader of the people." This last office, the highest level of the Mandaean priesthood, has lain vacant for many years. At the moment, the highest office currently occupied is that of the ganzebra, a title which appears first in a religious context in the Aramaic ritual texts from Persepolis (c. 3rd century BCE) and which may be related to the kamnaskires (Elamite <qa-ap-nu-is-ki-ra> kapnuskir "treasurer"), title of the rulers of Elymais (modern Khuzestan) during the Hellenistic age. Traditionally, any ganzebra who baptizes seven or more ganzebrana may qualify for the office of risamma, though the Mandaean community has yet to rally as a whole behind any single candidate.  The contemporary priesthood can trace its immediate origins to the first half of the 19th century. In 1831, an outbreak of cholera devastated the region and eliminated most if not all of the Mandaean religious authorities. Two of the surviving acolytes (sgandia), Yahia Bihram and Ram Zihrun, reestablished the priesthood on the basis of their own training and the texts that were available to them.  In 2009, there were two dozen Mandaean priests in the world, according to the Associated Press. CANNOTANSWER

Question: What are the three grades of priesthood in Mandaeism?
Answer: the tarmidia "disciples" (Neo-Mandaic tarmidana), the ganzibria "treasurers" (from Old Persian ganza-bara "id.," Neo-Mandaic ganzebrana) and the risamma "leader of the people.
Mandaeism

Context: There is a strict division between Mandaean laity and the priests. According to E.S. Drower (The Secret Adam, p. ix):  [T]hose amongst the community who possess secret knowledge are called Nasuraiia--Nasoreans (or, if the emphatic 
 is written as <z>, Nazorenes). At the same time the ignorant or semi-ignorant laity are called 'Mandaeans', Mandaiia--'gnostics.' When a man becomes a priest he leaves 'Mandaeanism' and enters tarmiduta, 'priesthood.' Even then he has not attained to true enlightenment, for this, called 'Nasiruta', is reserved for a very few. Those possessed of its secrets may call themselves Nasoreans, and 'Nasorean' today indicates not only one who observes strictly all rules of ritual purity, but one who understands the secret doctrine.  There are three grades of priesthood in Mandaeism: the tarmidia "disciples" (Neo-Mandaic tarmidana), the ganzibria "treasurers" (from Old Persian ganza-bara "id.," Neo-Mandaic ganzebrana) and the risamma "leader of the people." This last office, the highest level of the Mandaean priesthood, has lain vacant for many years. At the moment, the highest office currently occupied is that of the ganzebra, a title which appears first in a religious context in the Aramaic ritual texts from Persepolis (c. 3rd century BCE) and which may be related to the kamnaskires (Elamite <qa-ap-nu-is-ki-ra> kapnuskir "treasurer"), title of the rulers of Elymais (modern Khuzestan) during the Hellenistic age. Traditionally, any ganzebra who baptizes seven or more ganzebrana may qualify for the office of risamma, though the Mandaean community has yet to rally as a whole behind any single candidate.  The contemporary priesthood can trace its immediate origins to the first half of the 19th century. In 1831, an outbreak of cholera devastated the region and eliminated most if not all of the Mandaean religious authorities. Two of the surviving acolytes (sgandia), Yahia Bihram and Ram Zihrun, reestablished the priesthood on the basis of their own training and the texts that were available to them.  In 2009, there were two dozen Mandaean priests in the world, according to the Associated Press. CANNOTANSWER

Question: How does one become a priest in Mandaeism?
Answer: CANNOTANSWER
Mandaeism

Context: There is a strict division between Mandaean laity and the priests. According to E.S. Drower (The Secret Adam, p. ix):  [T]hose amongst the community who possess secret knowledge are called Nasuraiia--Nasoreans (or, if the emphatic 
 is written as <z>, Nazorenes). At the same time the ignorant or semi-ignorant laity are called 'Mandaeans', Mandaiia--'gnostics.' When a man becomes a priest he leaves 'Mandaeanism' and enters tarmiduta, 'priesthood.' Even then he has not attained to true enlightenment, for this, called 'Nasiruta', is reserved for a very few. Those possessed of its secrets may call themselves Nasoreans, and 'Nasorean' today indicates not only one who observes strictly all rules of ritual purity, but one who understands the secret doctrine.  There are three grades of priesthood in Mandaeism: the tarmidia "disciples" (Neo-Mandaic tarmidana), the ganzibria "treasurers" (from Old Persian ganza-bara "id.," Neo-Mandaic ganzebrana) and the risamma "leader of the people." This last office, the highest level of the Mandaean priesthood, has lain vacant for many years. At the moment, the highest office currently occupied is that of the ganzebra, a title which appears first in a religious context in the Aramaic ritual texts from Persepolis (c. 3rd century BCE) and which may be related to the kamnaskires (Elamite <qa-ap-nu-is-ki-ra> kapnuskir "treasurer"), title of the rulers of Elymais (modern Khuzestan) during the Hellenistic age. Traditionally, any ganzebra who baptizes seven or more ganzebrana may qualify for the office of risamma, though the Mandaean community has yet to rally as a whole behind any single candidate.  The contemporary priesthood can trace its immediate origins to the first half of the 19th century. In 1831, an outbreak of cholera devastated the region and eliminated most if not all of the Mandaean religious authorities. Two of the surviving acolytes (sgandia), Yahia Bihram and Ram Zihrun, reestablished the priesthood on the basis of their own training and the texts that were available to them.  In 2009, there were two dozen Mandaean priests in the world, according to the Associated Press. CANNOTANSWER

Question: What are some differences between priests and laymen in Mandaeism?
Answer: There is a strict division between Mandaean laity and the priests.
Mandaeism

Context: There is a strict division between Mandaean laity and the priests. According to E.S. Drower (The Secret Adam, p. ix):  [T]hose amongst the community who possess secret knowledge are called Nasuraiia--Nasoreans (or, if the emphatic 
 is written as <z>, Nazorenes). At the same time the ignorant or semi-ignorant laity are called 'Mandaeans', Mandaiia--'gnostics.' When a man becomes a priest he leaves 'Mandaeanism' and enters tarmiduta, 'priesthood.' Even then he has not attained to true enlightenment, for this, called 'Nasiruta', is reserved for a very few. Those possessed of its secrets may call themselves Nasoreans, and 'Nasorean' today indicates not only one who observes strictly all rules of ritual purity, but one who understands the secret doctrine.  There are three grades of priesthood in Mandaeism: the tarmidia "disciples" (Neo-Mandaic tarmidana), the ganzibria "treasurers" (from Old Persian ganza-bara "id.," Neo-Mandaic ganzebrana) and the risamma "leader of the people." This last office, the highest level of the Mandaean priesthood, has lain vacant for many years. At the moment, the highest office currently occupied is that of the ganzebra, a title which appears first in a religious context in the Aramaic ritual texts from Persepolis (c. 3rd century BCE) and which may be related to the kamnaskires (Elamite <qa-ap-nu-is-ki-ra> kapnuskir "treasurer"), title of the rulers of Elymais (modern Khuzestan) during the Hellenistic age. Traditionally, any ganzebra who baptizes seven or more ganzebrana may qualify for the office of risamma, though the Mandaean community has yet to rally as a whole behind any single candidate.  The contemporary priesthood can trace its immediate origins to the first half of the 19th century. In 1831, an outbreak of cholera devastated the region and eliminated most if not all of the Mandaean religious authorities. Two of the surviving acolytes (sgandia), Yahia Bihram and Ram Zihrun, reestablished the priesthood on the basis of their own training and the texts that were available to them.  In 2009, there were two dozen Mandaean priests in the world, according to the Associated Press. CANNOTANSWER

Question: Why is there division between Mandaean laity and the priests?
Answer: the ignorant or semi-ignorant laity are called 'Mandaeans
Mandaeism

Context: There is a strict division between Mandaean laity and the priests. According to E.S. Drower (The Secret Adam, p. ix):  [T]hose amongst the community who possess secret knowledge are called Nasuraiia--Nasoreans (or, if the emphatic 
 is written as <z>, Nazorenes). At the same time the ignorant or semi-ignorant laity are called 'Mandaeans', Mandaiia--'gnostics.' When a man becomes a priest he leaves 'Mandaeanism' and enters tarmiduta, 'priesthood.' Even then he has not attained to true enlightenment, for this, called 'Nasiruta', is reserved for a very few. Those possessed of its secrets may call themselves Nasoreans, and 'Nasorean' today indicates not only one who observes strictly all rules of ritual purity, but one who understands the secret doctrine.  There are three grades of priesthood in Mandaeism: the tarmidia "disciples" (Neo-Mandaic tarmidana), the ganzibria "treasurers" (from Old Persian ganza-bara "id.," Neo-Mandaic ganzebrana) and the risamma "leader of the people." This last office, the highest level of the Mandaean priesthood, has lain vacant for many years. At the moment, the highest office currently occupied is that of the ganzebra, a title which appears first in a religious context in the Aramaic ritual texts from Persepolis (c. 3rd century BCE) and which may be related to the kamnaskires (Elamite <qa-ap-nu-is-ki-ra> kapnuskir "treasurer"), title of the rulers of Elymais (modern Khuzestan) during the Hellenistic age. Traditionally, any ganzebra who baptizes seven or more ganzebrana may qualify for the office of risamma, though the Mandaean community has yet to rally as a whole behind any single candidate.  The contemporary priesthood can trace its immediate origins to the first half of the 19th century. In 1831, an outbreak of cholera devastated the region and eliminated most if not all of the Mandaean religious authorities. Two of the surviving acolytes (sgandia), Yahia Bihram and Ram Zihrun, reestablished the priesthood on the basis of their own training and the texts that were available to them.  In 2009, there were two dozen Mandaean priests in the world, according to the Associated Press. CANNOTANSWER

Question: Other than calling the laity Mandaeans, is there any other interesting information regarding the topic of Mandaeism?
Answer: The contemporary priesthood can trace its immediate origins to the first half of the 19th century.
Mandaeism

Context: There is a strict division between Mandaean laity and the priests. According to E.S. Drower (The Secret Adam, p. ix):  [T]hose amongst the community who possess secret knowledge are called Nasuraiia--Nasoreans (or, if the emphatic 
 is written as <z>, Nazorenes). At the same time the ignorant or semi-ignorant laity are called 'Mandaeans', Mandaiia--'gnostics.' When a man becomes a priest he leaves 'Mandaeanism' and enters tarmiduta, 'priesthood.' Even then he has not attained to true enlightenment, for this, called 'Nasiruta', is reserved for a very few. Those possessed of its secrets may call themselves Nasoreans, and 'Nasorean' today indicates not only one who observes strictly all rules of ritual purity, but one who understands the secret doctrine.  There are three grades of priesthood in Mandaeism: the tarmidia "disciples" (Neo-Mandaic tarmidana), the ganzibria "treasurers" (from Old Persian ganza-bara "id.," Neo-Mandaic ganzebrana) and the risamma "leader of the people." This last office, the highest level of the Mandaean priesthood, has lain vacant for many years. At the moment, the highest office currently occupied is that of the ganzebra, a title which appears first in a religious context in the Aramaic ritual texts from Persepolis (c. 3rd century BCE) and which may be related to the kamnaskires (Elamite <qa-ap-nu-is-ki-ra> kapnuskir "treasurer"), title of the rulers of Elymais (modern Khuzestan) during the Hellenistic age. Traditionally, any ganzebra who baptizes seven or more ganzebrana may qualify for the office of risamma, though the Mandaean community has yet to rally as a whole behind any single candidate.  The contemporary priesthood can trace its immediate origins to the first half of the 19th century. In 1831, an outbreak of cholera devastated the region and eliminated most if not all of the Mandaean religious authorities. Two of the surviving acolytes (sgandia), Yahia Bihram and Ram Zihrun, reestablished the priesthood on the basis of their own training and the texts that were available to them.  In 2009, there were two dozen Mandaean priests in the world, according to the Associated Press. CANNOTANSWER

Question: Where do the origins of Mandaeism trace back to?
Answer: In 1831, an outbreak of cholera devastated the region and eliminated most if not all of the Mandaean religious authorities.
Mandaeism

Context: There is a strict division between Mandaean laity and the priests. According to E.S. Drower (The Secret Adam, p. ix):  [T]hose amongst the community who possess secret knowledge are called Nasuraiia--Nasoreans (or, if the emphatic 
 is written as <z>, Nazorenes). At the same time the ignorant or semi-ignorant laity are called 'Mandaeans', Mandaiia--'gnostics.' When a man becomes a priest he leaves 'Mandaeanism' and enters tarmiduta, 'priesthood.' Even then he has not attained to true enlightenment, for this, called 'Nasiruta', is reserved for a very few. Those possessed of its secrets may call themselves Nasoreans, and 'Nasorean' today indicates not only one who observes strictly all rules of ritual purity, but one who understands the secret doctrine.  There are three grades of priesthood in Mandaeism: the tarmidia "disciples" (Neo-Mandaic tarmidana), the ganzibria "treasurers" (from Old Persian ganza-bara "id.," Neo-Mandaic ganzebrana) and the risamma "leader of the people." This last office, the highest level of the Mandaean priesthood, has lain vacant for many years. At the moment, the highest office currently occupied is that of the ganzebra, a title which appears first in a religious context in the Aramaic ritual texts from Persepolis (c. 3rd century BCE) and which may be related to the kamnaskires (Elamite <qa-ap-nu-is-ki-ra> kapnuskir "treasurer"), title of the rulers of Elymais (modern Khuzestan) during the Hellenistic age. Traditionally, any ganzebra who baptizes seven or more ganzebrana may qualify for the office of risamma, though the Mandaean community has yet to rally as a whole behind any single candidate.  The contemporary priesthood can trace its immediate origins to the first half of the 19th century. In 1831, an outbreak of cholera devastated the region and eliminated most if not all of the Mandaean religious authorities. Two of the surviving acolytes (sgandia), Yahia Bihram and Ram Zihrun, reestablished the priesthood on the basis of their own training and the texts that were available to them.  In 2009, there were two dozen Mandaean priests in the world, according to the Associated Press. CANNOTANSWER

Question: Did the Mandaean religion replace the religious authorities eliminated by the cholera outbreak?
Answer: Two of the surviving acolytes (sgandia), Yahia Bihram and Ram Zihrun, reestablished the priesthood on the basis of their own training and the texts that were available to them.
Mandaeism

Context: There is a strict division between Mandaean laity and the priests. According to E.S. Drower (The Secret Adam, p. ix):  [T]hose amongst the community who possess secret knowledge are called Nasuraiia--Nasoreans (or, if the emphatic 
 is written as <z>, Nazorenes). At the same time the ignorant or semi-ignorant laity are called 'Mandaeans', Mandaiia--'gnostics.' When a man becomes a priest he leaves 'Mandaeanism' and enters tarmiduta, 'priesthood.' Even then he has not attained to true enlightenment, for this, called 'Nasiruta', is reserved for a very few. Those possessed of its secrets may call themselves Nasoreans, and 'Nasorean' today indicates not only one who observes strictly all rules of ritual purity, but one who understands the secret doctrine.  There are three grades of priesthood in Mandaeism: the tarmidia "disciples" (Neo-Mandaic tarmidana), the ganzibria "treasurers" (from Old Persian ganza-bara "id.," Neo-Mandaic ganzebrana) and the risamma "leader of the people." This last office, the highest level of the Mandaean priesthood, has lain vacant for many years. At the moment, the highest office currently occupied is that of the ganzebra, a title which appears first in a religious context in the Aramaic ritual texts from Persepolis (c. 3rd century BCE) and which may be related to the kamnaskires (Elamite <qa-ap-nu-is-ki-ra> kapnuskir "treasurer"), title of the rulers of Elymais (modern Khuzestan) during the Hellenistic age. Traditionally, any ganzebra who baptizes seven or more ganzebrana may qualify for the office of risamma, though the Mandaean community has yet to rally as a whole behind any single candidate.  The contemporary priesthood can trace its immediate origins to the first half of the 19th century. In 1831, an outbreak of cholera devastated the region and eliminated most if not all of the Mandaean religious authorities. Two of the surviving acolytes (sgandia), Yahia Bihram and Ram Zihrun, reestablished the priesthood on the basis of their own training and the texts that were available to them.  In 2009, there were two dozen Mandaean priests in the world, according to the Associated Press. CANNOTANSWER

Question: Did surviving acolytes Yahia Bihram and Ram Zihrun go to another region besides Persia?
Answer: CANNOTANSWER
Joe Nieuwendyk

Context: The Stars immediately signed Nieuwendyk to a new deal worth US$11.3 million over five years. Bob Gainey, the team's general manager, hoped that the acquisition of Nieuwendyk would help the franchise, which had relocated from Minnesota three years previous, establish its place in Dallas. Nieuwendyk scored 14 goals and 32 points in 52 games with the Stars to finish the 1995-96 season.  Nieuwendyk improved to 30 goals in 1996-97 despite missing the first month of the season with fractured rib cartilage. A 39-goal season followed, but he was again sidelined by injury after appearing in only one game of the 1998 Stanley Cup playoffs. In the opening game of the Stars' first-round series against the San Jose Sharks, he suffered a torn ACL as a result of a check by Bryan Marchment. The injury required two knee surgeries to repair and six months to heal, which caused him to miss the beginning of the 1998-99 NHL season.  He finished the regular season with 28 goals and 55 points in 67 games, and added 11 goals and 10 assists in the 1999 Stanley Cup playoffs to help the Stars win the first Stanley Cup in their franchise history. Six of his playoff goals were game winners, and he was voted the winner of the Conn Smythe Trophy as most valuable player of the playoffs. Injuries again limited Nieuwendyk in 1999-2000. He missed ten games due to a bruised chest then suffered a separated shoulder a week after his return that kept him out of the lineup for several weeks. He played only 47 regular season games, but added 23 more in the playoffs as the Stars reached the 2000 Stanley Cup Finals. They lost the series in six games to the New Jersey Devils, however.  Nieuwendyk played in his 1,000th career game on January 20, 2002, against the Chicago Blackhawks. Two months later, on March 19, 2002, he was traded to the Devils, along with Jamie Langenbrunner, in exchange for Jason Arnott, Randy McKay and a first round selection in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. CANNOTANSWER

Question: Did Joe Nieuwendyk play for the Dallas Stars?
Answer: The Stars immediately signed Nieuwendyk to a new deal worth US$11.3 million over five years.
Joe Nieuwendyk

Context: The Stars immediately signed Nieuwendyk to a new deal worth US$11.3 million over five years. Bob Gainey, the team's general manager, hoped that the acquisition of Nieuwendyk would help the franchise, which had relocated from Minnesota three years previous, establish its place in Dallas. Nieuwendyk scored 14 goals and 32 points in 52 games with the Stars to finish the 1995-96 season.  Nieuwendyk improved to 30 goals in 1996-97 despite missing the first month of the season with fractured rib cartilage. A 39-goal season followed, but he was again sidelined by injury after appearing in only one game of the 1998 Stanley Cup playoffs. In the opening game of the Stars' first-round series against the San Jose Sharks, he suffered a torn ACL as a result of a check by Bryan Marchment. The injury required two knee surgeries to repair and six months to heal, which caused him to miss the beginning of the 1998-99 NHL season.  He finished the regular season with 28 goals and 55 points in 67 games, and added 11 goals and 10 assists in the 1999 Stanley Cup playoffs to help the Stars win the first Stanley Cup in their franchise history. Six of his playoff goals were game winners, and he was voted the winner of the Conn Smythe Trophy as most valuable player of the playoffs. Injuries again limited Nieuwendyk in 1999-2000. He missed ten games due to a bruised chest then suffered a separated shoulder a week after his return that kept him out of the lineup for several weeks. He played only 47 regular season games, but added 23 more in the playoffs as the Stars reached the 2000 Stanley Cup Finals. They lost the series in six games to the New Jersey Devils, however.  Nieuwendyk played in his 1,000th career game on January 20, 2002, against the Chicago Blackhawks. Two months later, on March 19, 2002, he was traded to the Devils, along with Jamie Langenbrunner, in exchange for Jason Arnott, Randy McKay and a first round selection in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. CANNOTANSWER

Question: How old was Joe Nieuwendyk at the time was signed by the Stars?
Answer: CANNOTANSWER
Joe Nieuwendyk

Context: The Stars immediately signed Nieuwendyk to a new deal worth US$11.3 million over five years. Bob Gainey, the team's general manager, hoped that the acquisition of Nieuwendyk would help the franchise, which had relocated from Minnesota three years previous, establish its place in Dallas. Nieuwendyk scored 14 goals and 32 points in 52 games with the Stars to finish the 1995-96 season.  Nieuwendyk improved to 30 goals in 1996-97 despite missing the first month of the season with fractured rib cartilage. A 39-goal season followed, but he was again sidelined by injury after appearing in only one game of the 1998 Stanley Cup playoffs. In the opening game of the Stars' first-round series against the San Jose Sharks, he suffered a torn ACL as a result of a check by Bryan Marchment. The injury required two knee surgeries to repair and six months to heal, which caused him to miss the beginning of the 1998-99 NHL season.  He finished the regular season with 28 goals and 55 points in 67 games, and added 11 goals and 10 assists in the 1999 Stanley Cup playoffs to help the Stars win the first Stanley Cup in their franchise history. Six of his playoff goals were game winners, and he was voted the winner of the Conn Smythe Trophy as most valuable player of the playoffs. Injuries again limited Nieuwendyk in 1999-2000. He missed ten games due to a bruised chest then suffered a separated shoulder a week after his return that kept him out of the lineup for several weeks. He played only 47 regular season games, but added 23 more in the playoffs as the Stars reached the 2000 Stanley Cup Finals. They lost the series in six games to the New Jersey Devils, however.  Nieuwendyk played in his 1,000th career game on January 20, 2002, against the Chicago Blackhawks. Two months later, on March 19, 2002, he was traded to the Devils, along with Jamie Langenbrunner, in exchange for Jason Arnott, Randy McKay and a first round selection in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. CANNOTANSWER

Question: How long did signed Nieuwendyk play for The Stars?
Answer: five years.