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Abstract Objective Previous research supports the relationship between the use of alcohol and other drugs and mental disorders. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between drug and alcohol use prior to incarceration and the current prevalence of mental disorders among the incarcerated population in Spain.

S2445424917300304

Alcohol and drug use as factors associated with mental disorders among the incarcerated population in Spain

Keywords Prisons Mental disorders Drugs of abuse Alcohol Spain

Abstract Objective Previous research supports the relationship between the use of alcohol and other drugs and <dis>mental disorders</dis>. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between drug and alcohol use prior to incarceration and the current prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> among the incarcerated population in Spain. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, including to 2709 incarcerated subjects (2484 males and 225 females) from a total of 8 prisons. A self-administered anonymous and voluntary questionnaire was used. The prevalence of psychoactive substance use prior to imprisonment and the current prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> was calculated. The association between the two variables was analysed with logistic regression for both genders. Results Alcohol was the most consumed substance in the 6 months prior to detention for both men and women (68.5 and 48.9%, respectively) followed by cannabis (50.9 and 38.2%, respectively). The prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> in prison was statically significant for men and women (24.9 and 34.2%, respectively). Most of the psychoactive substances analysed involve a risk factor for current <dis>mental disorder</dis>, especially as regards the use of psychotropic drugs (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.54–2.71) and cannabis (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.47–2.24). Discussion We found an association between alcohol and drug use and the current prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> among the incarcerated population sample. Furthermore, it is recommended to develop effective protocols for treatment and rehabilitation programmes in prison. These should suit inmates’ history of drug and alcohol use to improve mental health strategies.

Abstract Objective Previous research supports the relationship between the use of alcohol and other drugs and mental disorders. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between drug and alcohol use prior to incarceration and the current prevalence of mental disorders among the incarcerated population in Spain. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, including to 2709 incarcerated subjects (2484 males and 225 females) from a total of 8 prisons. A self-administered anonymous and voluntary questionnaire was used. The prevalence of psychoactive substance use prior to imprisonment and the current prevalence of mental disorders was calculated. The association between the two variables was analysed with logistic regression for both genders. Results Alcohol was the most consumed substance in the 6 months prior to detention for both men and women (68.5 and 48.9%, respectively) followed by cannabis (50.9 and 38.2%, respectively). The prevalence of mental disorders in prison was statically significant for men and women (24.9 and 34.2%, respectively). Most of the psychoactive substances analysed involve a risk factor for current mental disorder, especially as regards the use of psychotropic drugs (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.54–2.71) and cannabis (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.47–2.24). Discussion We found an association between alcohol and drug use and the current prevalence of mental disorders among the incarcerated population sample. Furthermore, it is recommended to develop effective protocols for treatment and rehabilitation programmes in prison. These should suit inmates’ history of drug and alcohol use to improve mental health strategies.

Material and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, including to 2709 incarcerated subjects (2484 males and 225 females) from a total of 8 prisons. A self-administered anonymous and voluntary questionnaire was used. The prevalence of psychoactive substance use prior to imprisonment and the current prevalence of mental disorders was calculated. The association between the two variables was analysed with logistic regression for both genders.

S2445424917300304

Alcohol and drug use as factors associated with mental disorders among the incarcerated population in Spain

Keywords Prisons Mental disorders Drugs of abuse Alcohol Spain

Abstract Objective Previous research supports the relationship between the use of alcohol and other drugs and <dis>mental disorders</dis>. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between drug and alcohol use prior to incarceration and the current prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> among the incarcerated population in Spain. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, including to 2709 incarcerated subjects (2484 males and 225 females) from a total of 8 prisons. A self-administered anonymous and voluntary questionnaire was used. The prevalence of psychoactive substance use prior to imprisonment and the current prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> was calculated. The association between the two variables was analysed with logistic regression for both genders. Results Alcohol was the most consumed substance in the 6 months prior to detention for both men and women (68.5 and 48.9%, respectively) followed by cannabis (50.9 and 38.2%, respectively). The prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> in prison was statically significant for men and women (24.9 and 34.2%, respectively). Most of the psychoactive substances analysed involve a risk factor for current <dis>mental disorder</dis>, especially as regards the use of psychotropic drugs (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.54–2.71) and cannabis (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.47–2.24). Discussion We found an association between alcohol and drug use and the current prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> among the incarcerated population sample. Furthermore, it is recommended to develop effective protocols for treatment and rehabilitation programmes in prison. These should suit inmates’ history of drug and alcohol use to improve mental health strategies.

Abstract Objective Previous research supports the relationship between the use of alcohol and other drugs and mental disorders. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between drug and alcohol use prior to incarceration and the current prevalence of mental disorders among the incarcerated population in Spain. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, including to 2709 incarcerated subjects (2484 males and 225 females) from a total of 8 prisons. A self-administered anonymous and voluntary questionnaire was used. The prevalence of psychoactive substance use prior to imprisonment and the current prevalence of mental disorders was calculated. The association between the two variables was analysed with logistic regression for both genders. Results Alcohol was the most consumed substance in the 6 months prior to detention for both men and women (68.5 and 48.9%, respectively) followed by cannabis (50.9 and 38.2%, respectively). The prevalence of mental disorders in prison was statically significant for men and women (24.9 and 34.2%, respectively). Most of the psychoactive substances analysed involve a risk factor for current mental disorder, especially as regards the use of psychotropic drugs (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.54–2.71) and cannabis (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.47–2.24). Discussion We found an association between alcohol and drug use and the current prevalence of mental disorders among the incarcerated population sample. Furthermore, it is recommended to develop effective protocols for treatment and rehabilitation programmes in prison. These should suit inmates’ history of drug and alcohol use to improve mental health strategies.

Results Alcohol was the most consumed substance in the 6 months prior to detention for both men and women (68.5 and 48.9%, respectively) followed by cannabis (50.9 and 38.2%, respectively). The prevalence of mental disorders in prison was statically significant for men and women (24.9 and 34.2%, respectively).

S2445424917300304

Alcohol and drug use as factors associated with mental disorders among the incarcerated population in Spain

Keywords Prisons Mental disorders Drugs of abuse Alcohol Spain

Abstract Objective Previous research supports the relationship between the use of alcohol and other drugs and <dis>mental disorders</dis>. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between drug and alcohol use prior to incarceration and the current prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> among the incarcerated population in Spain. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, including to 2709 incarcerated subjects (2484 males and 225 females) from a total of 8 prisons. A self-administered anonymous and voluntary questionnaire was used. The prevalence of psychoactive substance use prior to imprisonment and the current prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> was calculated. The association between the two variables was analysed with logistic regression for both genders. Results Alcohol was the most consumed substance in the 6 months prior to detention for both men and women (68.5 and 48.9%, respectively) followed by cannabis (50.9 and 38.2%, respectively). The prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> in prison was statically significant for men and women (24.9 and 34.2%, respectively). Most of the psychoactive substances analysed involve a risk factor for current <dis>mental disorder</dis>, especially as regards the use of psychotropic drugs (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.54–2.71) and cannabis (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.47–2.24). Discussion We found an association between alcohol and drug use and the current prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> among the incarcerated population sample. Furthermore, it is recommended to develop effective protocols for treatment and rehabilitation programmes in prison. These should suit inmates’ history of drug and alcohol use to improve mental health strategies.

Abstract Objective Previous research supports the relationship between the use of alcohol and other drugs and mental disorders. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between drug and alcohol use prior to incarceration and the current prevalence of mental disorders among the incarcerated population in Spain. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, including to 2709 incarcerated subjects (2484 males and 225 females) from a total of 8 prisons. A self-administered anonymous and voluntary questionnaire was used. The prevalence of psychoactive substance use prior to imprisonment and the current prevalence of mental disorders was calculated. The association between the two variables was analysed with logistic regression for both genders. Results Alcohol was the most consumed substance in the 6 months prior to detention for both men and women (68.5 and 48.9%, respectively) followed by cannabis (50.9 and 38.2%, respectively). The prevalence of mental disorders in prison was statically significant for men and women (24.9 and 34.2%, respectively). Most of the psychoactive substances analysed involve a risk factor for current mental disorder, especially as regards the use of psychotropic drugs (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.54–2.71) and cannabis (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.47–2.24). Discussion We found an association between alcohol and drug use and the current prevalence of mental disorders among the incarcerated population sample. Furthermore, it is recommended to develop effective protocols for treatment and rehabilitation programmes in prison. These should suit inmates’ history of drug and alcohol use to improve mental health strategies.

Most of the psychoactive substances analysed involve a risk factor for current mental disorder, especially as regards the use of psychotropic drugs (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.54–2.71) and cannabis (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.47–2.24).

S2445424917300304

Alcohol and drug use as factors associated with mental disorders among the incarcerated population in Spain

Keywords Prisons Mental disorders Drugs of abuse Alcohol Spain

Abstract Objective Previous research supports the relationship between the use of alcohol and other drugs and <dis>mental disorders</dis>. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between drug and alcohol use prior to incarceration and the current prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> among the incarcerated population in Spain. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, including to 2709 incarcerated subjects (2484 males and 225 females) from a total of 8 prisons. A self-administered anonymous and voluntary questionnaire was used. The prevalence of psychoactive substance use prior to imprisonment and the current prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> was calculated. The association between the two variables was analysed with logistic regression for both genders. Results Alcohol was the most consumed substance in the 6 months prior to detention for both men and women (68.5 and 48.9%, respectively) followed by cannabis (50.9 and 38.2%, respectively). The prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> in prison was statically significant for men and women (24.9 and 34.2%, respectively). Most of the psychoactive substances analysed involve a risk factor for current <dis>mental disorder</dis>, especially as regards the use of psychotropic drugs (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.54–2.71) and cannabis (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.47–2.24). Discussion We found an association between alcohol and drug use and the current prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> among the incarcerated population sample. Furthermore, it is recommended to develop effective protocols for treatment and rehabilitation programmes in prison. These should suit inmates’ history of drug and alcohol use to improve mental health strategies.

Abstract Objective Previous research supports the relationship between the use of alcohol and other drugs and mental disorders. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between drug and alcohol use prior to incarceration and the current prevalence of mental disorders among the incarcerated population in Spain. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, including to 2709 incarcerated subjects (2484 males and 225 females) from a total of 8 prisons. A self-administered anonymous and voluntary questionnaire was used. The prevalence of psychoactive substance use prior to imprisonment and the current prevalence of mental disorders was calculated. The association between the two variables was analysed with logistic regression for both genders. Results Alcohol was the most consumed substance in the 6 months prior to detention for both men and women (68.5 and 48.9%, respectively) followed by cannabis (50.9 and 38.2%, respectively). The prevalence of mental disorders in prison was statically significant for men and women (24.9 and 34.2%, respectively). Most of the psychoactive substances analysed involve a risk factor for current mental disorder, especially as regards the use of psychotropic drugs (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.54–2.71) and cannabis (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.47–2.24). Discussion We found an association between alcohol and drug use and the current prevalence of mental disorders among the incarcerated population sample. Furthermore, it is recommended to develop effective protocols for treatment and rehabilitation programmes in prison. These should suit inmates’ history of drug and alcohol use to improve mental health strategies.

Discussion We found an association between alcohol and drug use and the current prevalence of mental disorders among the incarcerated population sample. Furthermore, it is recommended to develop effective protocols for treatment and rehabilitation programmes in prison. These should suit inmates’ history of drug and alcohol use to improve mental health strategies.

S2445424917300304

Alcohol and drug use as factors associated with mental disorders among the incarcerated population in Spain

Keywords Prisons Mental disorders Drugs of abuse Alcohol Spain

Abstract Objective Previous research supports the relationship between the use of alcohol and other drugs and <dis>mental disorders</dis>. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between drug and alcohol use prior to incarceration and the current prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> among the incarcerated population in Spain. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, including to 2709 incarcerated subjects (2484 males and 225 females) from a total of 8 prisons. A self-administered anonymous and voluntary questionnaire was used. The prevalence of psychoactive substance use prior to imprisonment and the current prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> was calculated. The association between the two variables was analysed with logistic regression for both genders. Results Alcohol was the most consumed substance in the 6 months prior to detention for both men and women (68.5 and 48.9%, respectively) followed by cannabis (50.9 and 38.2%, respectively). The prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> in prison was statically significant for men and women (24.9 and 34.2%, respectively). Most of the psychoactive substances analysed involve a risk factor for current <dis>mental disorder</dis>, especially as regards the use of psychotropic drugs (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.54–2.71) and cannabis (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.47–2.24). Discussion We found an association between alcohol and drug use and the current prevalence of <dis>mental disorders</dis> among the incarcerated population sample. Furthermore, it is recommended to develop effective protocols for treatment and rehabilitation programmes in prison. These should suit inmates’ history of drug and alcohol use to improve mental health strategies.

Abstract Objective Previous research supports the relationship between the use of alcohol and other drugs and mental disorders. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between drug and alcohol use prior to incarceration and the current prevalence of mental disorders among the incarcerated population in Spain. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, including to 2709 incarcerated subjects (2484 males and 225 females) from a total of 8 prisons. A self-administered anonymous and voluntary questionnaire was used. The prevalence of psychoactive substance use prior to imprisonment and the current prevalence of mental disorders was calculated. The association between the two variables was analysed with logistic regression for both genders. Results Alcohol was the most consumed substance in the 6 months prior to detention for both men and women (68.5 and 48.9%, respectively) followed by cannabis (50.9 and 38.2%, respectively). The prevalence of mental disorders in prison was statically significant for men and women (24.9 and 34.2%, respectively). Most of the psychoactive substances analysed involve a risk factor for current mental disorder, especially as regards the use of psychotropic drugs (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.54–2.71) and cannabis (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.47–2.24). Discussion We found an association between alcohol and drug use and the current prevalence of mental disorders among the incarcerated population sample. Furthermore, it is recommended to develop effective protocols for treatment and rehabilitation programmes in prison. These should suit inmates’ history of drug and alcohol use to improve mental health strategies.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS-SN) on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) 5 years after surgery. Material and methods We conducted a prospective study including 50 patients with PD who underwent DBS-SN (62.5% were men; mean age of 62.2±8.2 years; mean progression time of 14.1±6.3 years).

S0213485317302232

Long-term impact of subthalamic stimulation on cognitive function in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease

Keywords Cognitive impairment Deep brain stimulation Depression Parkinson's disease Quality of life Subthalamic nucleus

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS-SN) on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) 5 years after surgery. Material and methods We conducted a prospective study including 50 patients with PD who underwent DBS-SN (62.5% were men; mean age of 62.2±8.2 years; mean progression time of 14.1±6.3 years). All patients were assessed before the procedure and at one year after surgery; 40 patients were further followed up until the 5-year mark. Follow-up assessments included the following neuropsychological tests: Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), letter-number sequencing of the WAIS-III (WAIS-III-LN), clock-drawing test, Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test, FAS Phonemic Verbal Fluency Test, Stroop test, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results Patients were found to score lower on the MMSE (−0.89%), clock-drawing test (−2.61%), MDRS (−1.72%), and especially phonemic (−13.28%) and sematic verbal fluency tests (−12.40%) at one year after surgery. Delayed recall on the RAVLT worsened one year after the procedure (−10.12%). At 5 years, impairment affected mainly verbal fluency; scores decreased an additional 16.10% and 16.60% in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, respectively. Moderate decreases were observed in immediate recall (−16.87%), WAIS-III-LN (−16.67%), and JLO test (−11.56%). Discussion In our sample, DBS-SN did <scp><neg>not</neg> result in <dis>global cognitive impairment</dis> 5 years after surgery</scp>. <dis>Verbal function was found to be significantly impaired</dis> one year after the procedure. <dis>Impaired learning and visuospatial function</dis> may be attributed to degeneration associated with PD.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS-SN) on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) 5 years after surgery. Material and methods We conducted a prospective study including 50 patients with PD who underwent DBS-SN (62.5% were men; mean age of 62.2±8.2 years; mean progression time of 14.1±6.3 years). All patients were assessed before the procedure and at one year after surgery; 40 patients were further followed up until the 5-year mark. Follow-up assessments included the following neuropsychological tests: Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), letter-number sequencing of the WAIS-III (WAIS-III-LN), clock-drawing test, Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test, FAS Phonemic Verbal Fluency Test, Stroop test, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results Patients were found to score lower on the MMSE (−0.89%), clock-drawing test (−2.61%), MDRS (−1.72%), and especially phonemic (−13.28%) and sematic verbal fluency tests (−12.40%) at one year after surgery. Delayed recall on the RAVLT worsened one year after the procedure (−10.12%). At 5 years, impairment affected mainly verbal fluency; scores decreased an additional 16.10% and 16.60% in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, respectively. Moderate decreases were observed in immediate recall (−16.87%), WAIS-III-LN (−16.67%), and JLO test (−11.56%). Discussion In our sample, DBS-SN did not result in global cognitive impairment 5 years after surgery. Verbal function was found to be significantly impaired one year after the procedure. Impaired learning and visuospatial function may be attributed to degeneration associated with PD.

All patients were assessed before the procedure and at one year after surgery; 40 patients were further followed up until the 5-year mark.

S0213485317302232

Long-term impact of subthalamic stimulation on cognitive function in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease

Keywords Cognitive impairment Deep brain stimulation Depression Parkinson's disease Quality of life Subthalamic nucleus

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS-SN) on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) 5 years after surgery. Material and methods We conducted a prospective study including 50 patients with PD who underwent DBS-SN (62.5% were men; mean age of 62.2±8.2 years; mean progression time of 14.1±6.3 years). All patients were assessed before the procedure and at one year after surgery; 40 patients were further followed up until the 5-year mark. Follow-up assessments included the following neuropsychological tests: Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), letter-number sequencing of the WAIS-III (WAIS-III-LN), clock-drawing test, Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test, FAS Phonemic Verbal Fluency Test, Stroop test, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results Patients were found to score lower on the MMSE (−0.89%), clock-drawing test (−2.61%), MDRS (−1.72%), and especially phonemic (−13.28%) and sematic verbal fluency tests (−12.40%) at one year after surgery. Delayed recall on the RAVLT worsened one year after the procedure (−10.12%). At 5 years, impairment affected mainly verbal fluency; scores decreased an additional 16.10% and 16.60% in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, respectively. Moderate decreases were observed in immediate recall (−16.87%), WAIS-III-LN (−16.67%), and JLO test (−11.56%). Discussion In our sample, DBS-SN did <scp><neg>not</neg> result in <dis>global cognitive impairment</dis> 5 years after surgery</scp>. <dis>Verbal function was found to be significantly impaired</dis> one year after the procedure. <dis>Impaired learning and visuospatial function</dis> may be attributed to degeneration associated with PD.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS-SN) on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) 5 years after surgery. Material and methods We conducted a prospective study including 50 patients with PD who underwent DBS-SN (62.5% were men; mean age of 62.2±8.2 years; mean progression time of 14.1±6.3 years). All patients were assessed before the procedure and at one year after surgery; 40 patients were further followed up until the 5-year mark. Follow-up assessments included the following neuropsychological tests: Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), letter-number sequencing of the WAIS-III (WAIS-III-LN), clock-drawing test, Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test, FAS Phonemic Verbal Fluency Test, Stroop test, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results Patients were found to score lower on the MMSE (−0.89%), clock-drawing test (−2.61%), MDRS (−1.72%), and especially phonemic (−13.28%) and sematic verbal fluency tests (−12.40%) at one year after surgery. Delayed recall on the RAVLT worsened one year after the procedure (−10.12%). At 5 years, impairment affected mainly verbal fluency; scores decreased an additional 16.10% and 16.60% in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, respectively. Moderate decreases were observed in immediate recall (−16.87%), WAIS-III-LN (−16.67%), and JLO test (−11.56%). Discussion In our sample, DBS-SN did not result in global cognitive impairment 5 years after surgery. Verbal function was found to be significantly impaired one year after the procedure. Impaired learning and visuospatial function may be attributed to degeneration associated with PD.

Follow-up assessments included the following neuropsychological tests: Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), letter-number sequencing of the WAIS-III (WAIS-III-LN), clock-drawing test, Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test, FAS Phonemic Verbal Fluency Test, Stroop test, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).

S0213485317302232

Long-term impact of subthalamic stimulation on cognitive function in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease

Keywords Cognitive impairment Deep brain stimulation Depression Parkinson's disease Quality of life Subthalamic nucleus

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS-SN) on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) 5 years after surgery. Material and methods We conducted a prospective study including 50 patients with PD who underwent DBS-SN (62.5% were men; mean age of 62.2±8.2 years; mean progression time of 14.1±6.3 years). All patients were assessed before the procedure and at one year after surgery; 40 patients were further followed up until the 5-year mark. Follow-up assessments included the following neuropsychological tests: Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), letter-number sequencing of the WAIS-III (WAIS-III-LN), clock-drawing test, Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test, FAS Phonemic Verbal Fluency Test, Stroop test, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results Patients were found to score lower on the MMSE (−0.89%), clock-drawing test (−2.61%), MDRS (−1.72%), and especially phonemic (−13.28%) and sematic verbal fluency tests (−12.40%) at one year after surgery. Delayed recall on the RAVLT worsened one year after the procedure (−10.12%). At 5 years, impairment affected mainly verbal fluency; scores decreased an additional 16.10% and 16.60% in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, respectively. Moderate decreases were observed in immediate recall (−16.87%), WAIS-III-LN (−16.67%), and JLO test (−11.56%). Discussion In our sample, DBS-SN did <scp><neg>not</neg> result in <dis>global cognitive impairment</dis> 5 years after surgery</scp>. <dis>Verbal function was found to be significantly impaired</dis> one year after the procedure. <dis>Impaired learning and visuospatial function</dis> may be attributed to degeneration associated with PD.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS-SN) on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) 5 years after surgery. Material and methods We conducted a prospective study including 50 patients with PD who underwent DBS-SN (62.5% were men; mean age of 62.2±8.2 years; mean progression time of 14.1±6.3 years). All patients were assessed before the procedure and at one year after surgery; 40 patients were further followed up until the 5-year mark. Follow-up assessments included the following neuropsychological tests: Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), letter-number sequencing of the WAIS-III (WAIS-III-LN), clock-drawing test, Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test, FAS Phonemic Verbal Fluency Test, Stroop test, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results Patients were found to score lower on the MMSE (−0.89%), clock-drawing test (−2.61%), MDRS (−1.72%), and especially phonemic (−13.28%) and sematic verbal fluency tests (−12.40%) at one year after surgery. Delayed recall on the RAVLT worsened one year after the procedure (−10.12%). At 5 years, impairment affected mainly verbal fluency; scores decreased an additional 16.10% and 16.60% in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, respectively. Moderate decreases were observed in immediate recall (−16.87%), WAIS-III-LN (−16.67%), and JLO test (−11.56%). Discussion In our sample, DBS-SN did not result in global cognitive impairment 5 years after surgery. Verbal function was found to be significantly impaired one year after the procedure. Impaired learning and visuospatial function may be attributed to degeneration associated with PD.

Results Patients were found to score lower on the MMSE (−0.89%), clock-drawing test (−2.61%), MDRS (−1.72%), and especially phonemic (−13.28%) and sematic verbal fluency tests (−12.40%) at one year after surgery. Delayed recall on the RAVLT worsened one year after the procedure (−10.12%).

S0213485317302232

Long-term impact of subthalamic stimulation on cognitive function in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease

Keywords Cognitive impairment Deep brain stimulation Depression Parkinson's disease Quality of life Subthalamic nucleus

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS-SN) on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) 5 years after surgery. Material and methods We conducted a prospective study including 50 patients with PD who underwent DBS-SN (62.5% were men; mean age of 62.2±8.2 years; mean progression time of 14.1±6.3 years). All patients were assessed before the procedure and at one year after surgery; 40 patients were further followed up until the 5-year mark. Follow-up assessments included the following neuropsychological tests: Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), letter-number sequencing of the WAIS-III (WAIS-III-LN), clock-drawing test, Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test, FAS Phonemic Verbal Fluency Test, Stroop test, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results Patients were found to score lower on the MMSE (−0.89%), clock-drawing test (−2.61%), MDRS (−1.72%), and especially phonemic (−13.28%) and sematic verbal fluency tests (−12.40%) at one year after surgery. Delayed recall on the RAVLT worsened one year after the procedure (−10.12%). At 5 years, impairment affected mainly verbal fluency; scores decreased an additional 16.10% and 16.60% in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, respectively. Moderate decreases were observed in immediate recall (−16.87%), WAIS-III-LN (−16.67%), and JLO test (−11.56%). Discussion In our sample, DBS-SN did <scp><neg>not</neg> result in <dis>global cognitive impairment</dis> 5 years after surgery</scp>. <dis>Verbal function was found to be significantly impaired</dis> one year after the procedure. <dis>Impaired learning and visuospatial function</dis> may be attributed to degeneration associated with PD.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS-SN) on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) 5 years after surgery. Material and methods We conducted a prospective study including 50 patients with PD who underwent DBS-SN (62.5% were men; mean age of 62.2±8.2 years; mean progression time of 14.1±6.3 years). All patients were assessed before the procedure and at one year after surgery; 40 patients were further followed up until the 5-year mark. Follow-up assessments included the following neuropsychological tests: Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), letter-number sequencing of the WAIS-III (WAIS-III-LN), clock-drawing test, Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test, FAS Phonemic Verbal Fluency Test, Stroop test, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results Patients were found to score lower on the MMSE (−0.89%), clock-drawing test (−2.61%), MDRS (−1.72%), and especially phonemic (−13.28%) and sematic verbal fluency tests (−12.40%) at one year after surgery. Delayed recall on the RAVLT worsened one year after the procedure (−10.12%). At 5 years, impairment affected mainly verbal fluency; scores decreased an additional 16.10% and 16.60% in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, respectively. Moderate decreases were observed in immediate recall (−16.87%), WAIS-III-LN (−16.67%), and JLO test (−11.56%). Discussion In our sample, DBS-SN did not result in global cognitive impairment 5 years after surgery. Verbal function was found to be significantly impaired one year after the procedure. Impaired learning and visuospatial function may be attributed to degeneration associated with PD.

At 5 years, impairment affected mainly verbal fluency; scores decreased an additional 16.10% and 16.60% in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, respectively. Moderate decreases were observed in immediate recall (−16.87%), WAIS-III-LN (−16.67%), and JLO test (−11.56%).

S0213485317302232

Long-term impact of subthalamic stimulation on cognitive function in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease

Keywords Cognitive impairment Deep brain stimulation Depression Parkinson's disease Quality of life Subthalamic nucleus

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS-SN) on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) 5 years after surgery. Material and methods We conducted a prospective study including 50 patients with PD who underwent DBS-SN (62.5% were men; mean age of 62.2±8.2 years; mean progression time of 14.1±6.3 years). All patients were assessed before the procedure and at one year after surgery; 40 patients were further followed up until the 5-year mark. Follow-up assessments included the following neuropsychological tests: Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), letter-number sequencing of the WAIS-III (WAIS-III-LN), clock-drawing test, Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test, FAS Phonemic Verbal Fluency Test, Stroop test, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results Patients were found to score lower on the MMSE (−0.89%), clock-drawing test (−2.61%), MDRS (−1.72%), and especially phonemic (−13.28%) and sematic verbal fluency tests (−12.40%) at one year after surgery. Delayed recall on the RAVLT worsened one year after the procedure (−10.12%). At 5 years, impairment affected mainly verbal fluency; scores decreased an additional 16.10% and 16.60% in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, respectively. Moderate decreases were observed in immediate recall (−16.87%), WAIS-III-LN (−16.67%), and JLO test (−11.56%). Discussion In our sample, DBS-SN did <scp><neg>not</neg> result in <dis>global cognitive impairment</dis> 5 years after surgery</scp>. <dis>Verbal function was found to be significantly impaired</dis> one year after the procedure. <dis>Impaired learning and visuospatial function</dis> may be attributed to degeneration associated with PD.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS-SN) on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) 5 years after surgery. Material and methods We conducted a prospective study including 50 patients with PD who underwent DBS-SN (62.5% were men; mean age of 62.2±8.2 years; mean progression time of 14.1±6.3 years). All patients were assessed before the procedure and at one year after surgery; 40 patients were further followed up until the 5-year mark. Follow-up assessments included the following neuropsychological tests: Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), letter-number sequencing of the WAIS-III (WAIS-III-LN), clock-drawing test, Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test, FAS Phonemic Verbal Fluency Test, Stroop test, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results Patients were found to score lower on the MMSE (−0.89%), clock-drawing test (−2.61%), MDRS (−1.72%), and especially phonemic (−13.28%) and sematic verbal fluency tests (−12.40%) at one year after surgery. Delayed recall on the RAVLT worsened one year after the procedure (−10.12%). At 5 years, impairment affected mainly verbal fluency; scores decreased an additional 16.10% and 16.60% in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, respectively. Moderate decreases were observed in immediate recall (−16.87%), WAIS-III-LN (−16.67%), and JLO test (−11.56%). Discussion In our sample, DBS-SN did not result in global cognitive impairment 5 years after surgery. Verbal function was found to be significantly impaired one year after the procedure. Impaired learning and visuospatial function may be attributed to degeneration associated with PD.

Discussion In our sample, DBS-SN did not result in global cognitive impairment 5 years after surgery. Verbal function was found to be significantly impaired one year after the procedure. Impaired learning and visuospatial function may be attributed to degeneration associated with PD.

S0213485317302232

Long-term impact of subthalamic stimulation on cognitive function in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease

Keywords Cognitive impairment Deep brain stimulation Depression Parkinson's disease Quality of life Subthalamic nucleus

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS-SN) on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) 5 years after surgery. Material and methods We conducted a prospective study including 50 patients with PD who underwent DBS-SN (62.5% were men; mean age of 62.2±8.2 years; mean progression time of 14.1±6.3 years). All patients were assessed before the procedure and at one year after surgery; 40 patients were further followed up until the 5-year mark. Follow-up assessments included the following neuropsychological tests: Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), letter-number sequencing of the WAIS-III (WAIS-III-LN), clock-drawing test, Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test, FAS Phonemic Verbal Fluency Test, Stroop test, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results Patients were found to score lower on the MMSE (−0.89%), clock-drawing test (−2.61%), MDRS (−1.72%), and especially phonemic (−13.28%) and sematic verbal fluency tests (−12.40%) at one year after surgery. Delayed recall on the RAVLT worsened one year after the procedure (−10.12%). At 5 years, impairment affected mainly verbal fluency; scores decreased an additional 16.10% and 16.60% in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, respectively. Moderate decreases were observed in immediate recall (−16.87%), WAIS-III-LN (−16.67%), and JLO test (−11.56%). Discussion In our sample, DBS-SN did <scp><neg>not</neg> result in <dis>global cognitive impairment</dis> 5 years after surgery</scp>. <dis>Verbal function was found to be significantly impaired</dis> one year after the procedure. <dis>Impaired learning and visuospatial function</dis> may be attributed to degeneration associated with PD.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS-SN) on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) 5 years after surgery. Material and methods We conducted a prospective study including 50 patients with PD who underwent DBS-SN (62.5% were men; mean age of 62.2±8.2 years; mean progression time of 14.1±6.3 years). All patients were assessed before the procedure and at one year after surgery; 40 patients were further followed up until the 5-year mark. Follow-up assessments included the following neuropsychological tests: Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), letter-number sequencing of the WAIS-III (WAIS-III-LN), clock-drawing test, Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test, FAS Phonemic Verbal Fluency Test, Stroop test, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results Patients were found to score lower on the MMSE (−0.89%), clock-drawing test (−2.61%), MDRS (−1.72%), and especially phonemic (−13.28%) and sematic verbal fluency tests (−12.40%) at one year after surgery. Delayed recall on the RAVLT worsened one year after the procedure (−10.12%). At 5 years, impairment affected mainly verbal fluency; scores decreased an additional 16.10% and 16.60% in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, respectively. Moderate decreases were observed in immediate recall (−16.87%), WAIS-III-LN (−16.67%), and JLO test (−11.56%). Discussion In our sample, DBS-SN did not result in global cognitive impairment 5 years after surgery. Verbal function was found to be significantly impaired one year after the procedure. Impaired learning and visuospatial function may be attributed to degeneration associated with PD.

Introduction Individuals with dementia suffer from changes at a cognitive, emotional, and behavioural level. These changes can also affect the quality of life of their caregivers in a physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimension. Objective Determine the perception of life quality, taking into account the burden of caregivers of patients with dementia.

S2530299X1730016X

Perception of quality of life in caregivers of patients with dementia

Keywords Caregivers Dementia Quality of life Nursing

Introduction Individuals with <dis>dementia</dis> suffer from changes at a cognitive, emotional, and behavioural level. These changes can also affect the quality of life of their caregivers in a physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimension. Objective Determine the perception of life quality, taking into account the burden of caregivers of patients with <dis>dementia</dis>. Method A descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted on an intentional sample of 50 caregivers of patients diagnosed with <dis>dementia</dis>. The information was collected using three tools: socio-demographic variables, quality of life, and dimension of caregiver's burden. Results The sample consisted of 80% women, with an age range of 36–59 years, of whom 54% were married. More than three-quarters (78%) of them had been a caregiver for more than 37 months, and 66% dedicated 24h to the work of caring. The main caregivers experience a low care burden and low effect on their quality of life. Conclusions The study shows the presence of women in the role of caregivers, the relationship between the quality life and burden, and how they are influenced by the physical and psychological dimensions. Similarly, a low social well-being negatively influences the quality life.

Introduction Individuals with dementia suffer from changes at a cognitive, emotional, and behavioural level. These changes can also affect the quality of life of their caregivers in a physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimension. Objective Determine the perception of life quality, taking into account the burden of caregivers of patients with dementia. Method A descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted on an intentional sample of 50 caregivers of patients diagnosed with dementia. The information was collected using three tools: socio-demographic variables, quality of life, and dimension of caregiver's burden. Results The sample consisted of 80% women, with an age range of 36–59 years, of whom 54% were married. More than three-quarters (78%) of them had been a caregiver for more than 37 months, and 66% dedicated 24h to the work of caring. The main caregivers experience a low care burden and low effect on their quality of life. Conclusions The study shows the presence of women in the role of caregivers, the relationship between the quality life and burden, and how they are influenced by the physical and psychological dimensions. Similarly, a low social well-being negatively influences the quality life.

Method A descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted on an intentional sample of 50 caregivers of patients diagnosed with dementia. The information was collected using three tools: socio-demographic variables, quality of life, and dimension of caregiver's burden. Results The sample consisted of 80% women, with an age range of 36–59 years, of whom 54% were married.

S2530299X1730016X

Perception of quality of life in caregivers of patients with dementia

Keywords Caregivers Dementia Quality of life Nursing

Introduction Individuals with <dis>dementia</dis> suffer from changes at a cognitive, emotional, and behavioural level. These changes can also affect the quality of life of their caregivers in a physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimension. Objective Determine the perception of life quality, taking into account the burden of caregivers of patients with <dis>dementia</dis>. Method A descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted on an intentional sample of 50 caregivers of patients diagnosed with <dis>dementia</dis>. The information was collected using three tools: socio-demographic variables, quality of life, and dimension of caregiver's burden. Results The sample consisted of 80% women, with an age range of 36–59 years, of whom 54% were married. More than three-quarters (78%) of them had been a caregiver for more than 37 months, and 66% dedicated 24h to the work of caring. The main caregivers experience a low care burden and low effect on their quality of life. Conclusions The study shows the presence of women in the role of caregivers, the relationship between the quality life and burden, and how they are influenced by the physical and psychological dimensions. Similarly, a low social well-being negatively influences the quality life.

Introduction Individuals with dementia suffer from changes at a cognitive, emotional, and behavioural level. These changes can also affect the quality of life of their caregivers in a physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimension. Objective Determine the perception of life quality, taking into account the burden of caregivers of patients with dementia. Method A descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted on an intentional sample of 50 caregivers of patients diagnosed with dementia. The information was collected using three tools: socio-demographic variables, quality of life, and dimension of caregiver's burden. Results The sample consisted of 80% women, with an age range of 36–59 years, of whom 54% were married. More than three-quarters (78%) of them had been a caregiver for more than 37 months, and 66% dedicated 24h to the work of caring. The main caregivers experience a low care burden and low effect on their quality of life. Conclusions The study shows the presence of women in the role of caregivers, the relationship between the quality life and burden, and how they are influenced by the physical and psychological dimensions. Similarly, a low social well-being negatively influences the quality life.

More than three-quarters (78%) of them had been a caregiver for more than 37 months, and 66% dedicated 24h to the work of caring. The main caregivers experience a low care burden and low effect on their quality of life. Conclusions The study shows the presence of women in the role of caregivers, the relationship between the quality life and burden, and how they are influenced by the physical and psychological dimensions. Similarly, a low social well-being negatively influences the quality life.

S2530299X1730016X

Perception of quality of life in caregivers of patients with dementia

Keywords Caregivers Dementia Quality of life Nursing

Introduction Individuals with <dis>dementia</dis> suffer from changes at a cognitive, emotional, and behavioural level. These changes can also affect the quality of life of their caregivers in a physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimension. Objective Determine the perception of life quality, taking into account the burden of caregivers of patients with <dis>dementia</dis>. Method A descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted on an intentional sample of 50 caregivers of patients diagnosed with <dis>dementia</dis>. The information was collected using three tools: socio-demographic variables, quality of life, and dimension of caregiver's burden. Results The sample consisted of 80% women, with an age range of 36–59 years, of whom 54% were married. More than three-quarters (78%) of them had been a caregiver for more than 37 months, and 66% dedicated 24h to the work of caring. The main caregivers experience a low care burden and low effect on their quality of life. Conclusions The study shows the presence of women in the role of caregivers, the relationship between the quality life and burden, and how they are influenced by the physical and psychological dimensions. Similarly, a low social well-being negatively influences the quality life.

Introduction Individuals with dementia suffer from changes at a cognitive, emotional, and behavioural level. These changes can also affect the quality of life of their caregivers in a physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimension. Objective Determine the perception of life quality, taking into account the burden of caregivers of patients with dementia. Method A descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted on an intentional sample of 50 caregivers of patients diagnosed with dementia. The information was collected using three tools: socio-demographic variables, quality of life, and dimension of caregiver's burden. Results The sample consisted of 80% women, with an age range of 36–59 years, of whom 54% were married. More than three-quarters (78%) of them had been a caregiver for more than 37 months, and 66% dedicated 24h to the work of caring. The main caregivers experience a low care burden and low effect on their quality of life. Conclusions The study shows the presence of women in the role of caregivers, the relationship between the quality life and burden, and how they are influenced by the physical and psychological dimensions. Similarly, a low social well-being negatively influences the quality life.

Background. Saiatu is a programme that offers a specially trained in-home social welfare assistance to improve the delivery of care for people with advanced and terminal illness, and their families. The following is a presentation of a study carried out following 17 months of work, showing the characteristics of those patients cared for, the place of death, and facts relating to Saiatu's daily activity. Method. A cross-sectional, observational descriptive study was conducted in the region of Gipuzkoa.

S1134248X13000840

A home-based palliative care social welfare programme in the Basque Country. The Saiatu experience

Keywords Palliative care Home care services Death at home

Background. Saiatu is a programme that offers a specially trained in-home social welfare assistance to improve the delivery of care for people with advanced and terminal illness, and their families. The following is a presentation of a study carried out following 17 months of work, showing the characteristics of those patients cared for, the place of death, and facts relating to Saiatu's daily activity. Method. A cross-sectional, observational descriptive study was conducted in the region of Gipuzkoa. Population of study: Patients cared for by Saiatu between 1 February 2011 and 30 June 2012. Inclusion Criteria: Patients who had died before 30 June 2012. Sample: The whole patient population (70 patients). Variables and sources of information: Records of identification of patient and main carer, health care information, and date of admission into Saiatu. Results. Of the 70 patients cared for, 61.4% were men and 36.8% were women, with a mean age of 76.79 years old. In 62.9% of the cases the main carer was the spouse. More than half (60%) of the families did not have any public or private social support network, and their level of dependency was found to be severe to moderate in 75.7% of cases. The large majority (88.6%) of the patients were oncological, and the remainder were non-oncological. The majority of cases, 37.1%, were referrals from hospitalisation at home. Of the 92% who had expressed the wish to die at home, 71.4% had that wish fulfilled. However of those who died in hospital, 65% had expressed the wish to die at home. Overall 79% died in the place they had previously expressed. It was observed that age, <dis>dysphagia</dis> and emotional concerns were associated with death at home, whilst anorexia was related to death in hospital.

Background. Saiatu is a programme that offers a specially trained in-home social welfare assistance to improve the delivery of care for people with advanced and terminal illness, and their families. The following is a presentation of a study carried out following 17 months of work, showing the characteristics of those patients cared for, the place of death, and facts relating to Saiatu's daily activity. Method. A cross-sectional, observational descriptive study was conducted in the region of Gipuzkoa. Population of study: Patients cared for by Saiatu between 1 February 2011 and 30 June 2012. Inclusion Criteria: Patients who had died before 30 June 2012. Sample: The whole patient population (70 patients). Variables and sources of information: Records of identification of patient and main carer, health care information, and date of admission into Saiatu. Results. Of the 70 patients cared for, 61.4% were men and 36.8% were women, with a mean age of 76.79 years old. In 62.9% of the cases the main carer was the spouse. More than half (60%) of the families did not have any public or private social support network, and their level of dependency was found to be severe to moderate in 75.7% of cases. The large majority (88.6%) of the patients were oncological, and the remainder were non-oncological. The majority of cases, 37.1%, were referrals from hospitalisation at home. Of the 92% who had expressed the wish to die at home, 71.4% had that wish fulfilled. However of those who died in hospital, 65% had expressed the wish to die at home. Overall 79% died in the place they had previously expressed. It was observed that age, dysphagia and emotional concerns were associated with death at home, whilst anorexia was related to death in hospital.

Population of study: Patients cared for by Saiatu between 1 February 2011 and 30 June 2012. Inclusion Criteria: Patients who had died before 30 June 2012. Sample: The whole patient population (70 patients). Variables and sources of information: Records of identification of patient and main carer, health care information, and date of admission into Saiatu. Results.

S1134248X13000840

A home-based palliative care social welfare programme in the Basque Country. The Saiatu experience

Keywords Palliative care Home care services Death at home

Background. Saiatu is a programme that offers a specially trained in-home social welfare assistance to improve the delivery of care for people with advanced and terminal illness, and their families. The following is a presentation of a study carried out following 17 months of work, showing the characteristics of those patients cared for, the place of death, and facts relating to Saiatu's daily activity. Method. A cross-sectional, observational descriptive study was conducted in the region of Gipuzkoa. Population of study: Patients cared for by Saiatu between 1 February 2011 and 30 June 2012. Inclusion Criteria: Patients who had died before 30 June 2012. Sample: The whole patient population (70 patients). Variables and sources of information: Records of identification of patient and main carer, health care information, and date of admission into Saiatu. Results. Of the 70 patients cared for, 61.4% were men and 36.8% were women, with a mean age of 76.79 years old. In 62.9% of the cases the main carer was the spouse. More than half (60%) of the families did not have any public or private social support network, and their level of dependency was found to be severe to moderate in 75.7% of cases. The large majority (88.6%) of the patients were oncological, and the remainder were non-oncological. The majority of cases, 37.1%, were referrals from hospitalisation at home. Of the 92% who had expressed the wish to die at home, 71.4% had that wish fulfilled. However of those who died in hospital, 65% had expressed the wish to die at home. Overall 79% died in the place they had previously expressed. It was observed that age, <dis>dysphagia</dis> and emotional concerns were associated with death at home, whilst anorexia was related to death in hospital.

Background. Saiatu is a programme that offers a specially trained in-home social welfare assistance to improve the delivery of care for people with advanced and terminal illness, and their families. The following is a presentation of a study carried out following 17 months of work, showing the characteristics of those patients cared for, the place of death, and facts relating to Saiatu's daily activity. Method. A cross-sectional, observational descriptive study was conducted in the region of Gipuzkoa. Population of study: Patients cared for by Saiatu between 1 February 2011 and 30 June 2012. Inclusion Criteria: Patients who had died before 30 June 2012. Sample: The whole patient population (70 patients). Variables and sources of information: Records of identification of patient and main carer, health care information, and date of admission into Saiatu. Results. Of the 70 patients cared for, 61.4% were men and 36.8% were women, with a mean age of 76.79 years old. In 62.9% of the cases the main carer was the spouse. More than half (60%) of the families did not have any public or private social support network, and their level of dependency was found to be severe to moderate in 75.7% of cases. The large majority (88.6%) of the patients were oncological, and the remainder were non-oncological. The majority of cases, 37.1%, were referrals from hospitalisation at home. Of the 92% who had expressed the wish to die at home, 71.4% had that wish fulfilled. However of those who died in hospital, 65% had expressed the wish to die at home. Overall 79% died in the place they had previously expressed. It was observed that age, dysphagia and emotional concerns were associated with death at home, whilst anorexia was related to death in hospital.

Of the 70 patients cared for, 61.4% were men and 36.8% were women, with a mean age of 76.79 years old. In 62.9% of the cases the main carer was the spouse. More than half (60%) of the families did not have any public or private social support network, and their level of dependency was found to be severe to moderate in 75.7% of cases.

S1134248X13000840

A home-based palliative care social welfare programme in the Basque Country. The Saiatu experience

Keywords Palliative care Home care services Death at home

Background. Saiatu is a programme that offers a specially trained in-home social welfare assistance to improve the delivery of care for people with advanced and terminal illness, and their families. The following is a presentation of a study carried out following 17 months of work, showing the characteristics of those patients cared for, the place of death, and facts relating to Saiatu's daily activity. Method. A cross-sectional, observational descriptive study was conducted in the region of Gipuzkoa. Population of study: Patients cared for by Saiatu between 1 February 2011 and 30 June 2012. Inclusion Criteria: Patients who had died before 30 June 2012. Sample: The whole patient population (70 patients). Variables and sources of information: Records of identification of patient and main carer, health care information, and date of admission into Saiatu. Results. Of the 70 patients cared for, 61.4% were men and 36.8% were women, with a mean age of 76.79 years old. In 62.9% of the cases the main carer was the spouse. More than half (60%) of the families did not have any public or private social support network, and their level of dependency was found to be severe to moderate in 75.7% of cases. The large majority (88.6%) of the patients were oncological, and the remainder were non-oncological. The majority of cases, 37.1%, were referrals from hospitalisation at home. Of the 92% who had expressed the wish to die at home, 71.4% had that wish fulfilled. However of those who died in hospital, 65% had expressed the wish to die at home. Overall 79% died in the place they had previously expressed. It was observed that age, <dis>dysphagia</dis> and emotional concerns were associated with death at home, whilst anorexia was related to death in hospital.

Background. Saiatu is a programme that offers a specially trained in-home social welfare assistance to improve the delivery of care for people with advanced and terminal illness, and their families. The following is a presentation of a study carried out following 17 months of work, showing the characteristics of those patients cared for, the place of death, and facts relating to Saiatu's daily activity. Method. A cross-sectional, observational descriptive study was conducted in the region of Gipuzkoa. Population of study: Patients cared for by Saiatu between 1 February 2011 and 30 June 2012. Inclusion Criteria: Patients who had died before 30 June 2012. Sample: The whole patient population (70 patients). Variables and sources of information: Records of identification of patient and main carer, health care information, and date of admission into Saiatu. Results. Of the 70 patients cared for, 61.4% were men and 36.8% were women, with a mean age of 76.79 years old. In 62.9% of the cases the main carer was the spouse. More than half (60%) of the families did not have any public or private social support network, and their level of dependency was found to be severe to moderate in 75.7% of cases. The large majority (88.6%) of the patients were oncological, and the remainder were non-oncological. The majority of cases, 37.1%, were referrals from hospitalisation at home. Of the 92% who had expressed the wish to die at home, 71.4% had that wish fulfilled. However of those who died in hospital, 65% had expressed the wish to die at home. Overall 79% died in the place they had previously expressed. It was observed that age, dysphagia and emotional concerns were associated with death at home, whilst anorexia was related to death in hospital.

The large majority (88.6%) of the patients were oncological, and the remainder were non-oncological. The majority of cases, 37.1%, were referrals from hospitalisation at home. Of the 92% who had expressed the wish to die at home, 71.4% had that wish fulfilled. However of those who died in hospital, 65% had expressed the wish to die at home. Overall 79% died in the place they had previously expressed.

S1134248X13000840

A home-based palliative care social welfare programme in the Basque Country. The Saiatu experience

Keywords Palliative care Home care services Death at home

Background. Saiatu is a programme that offers a specially trained in-home social welfare assistance to improve the delivery of care for people with advanced and terminal illness, and their families. The following is a presentation of a study carried out following 17 months of work, showing the characteristics of those patients cared for, the place of death, and facts relating to Saiatu's daily activity. Method. A cross-sectional, observational descriptive study was conducted in the region of Gipuzkoa. Population of study: Patients cared for by Saiatu between 1 February 2011 and 30 June 2012. Inclusion Criteria: Patients who had died before 30 June 2012. Sample: The whole patient population (70 patients). Variables and sources of information: Records of identification of patient and main carer, health care information, and date of admission into Saiatu. Results. Of the 70 patients cared for, 61.4% were men and 36.8% were women, with a mean age of 76.79 years old. In 62.9% of the cases the main carer was the spouse. More than half (60%) of the families did not have any public or private social support network, and their level of dependency was found to be severe to moderate in 75.7% of cases. The large majority (88.6%) of the patients were oncological, and the remainder were non-oncological. The majority of cases, 37.1%, were referrals from hospitalisation at home. Of the 92% who had expressed the wish to die at home, 71.4% had that wish fulfilled. However of those who died in hospital, 65% had expressed the wish to die at home. Overall 79% died in the place they had previously expressed. It was observed that age, <dis>dysphagia</dis> and emotional concerns were associated with death at home, whilst anorexia was related to death in hospital.

Background. Saiatu is a programme that offers a specially trained in-home social welfare assistance to improve the delivery of care for people with advanced and terminal illness, and their families. The following is a presentation of a study carried out following 17 months of work, showing the characteristics of those patients cared for, the place of death, and facts relating to Saiatu's daily activity. Method. A cross-sectional, observational descriptive study was conducted in the region of Gipuzkoa. Population of study: Patients cared for by Saiatu between 1 February 2011 and 30 June 2012. Inclusion Criteria: Patients who had died before 30 June 2012. Sample: The whole patient population (70 patients). Variables and sources of information: Records of identification of patient and main carer, health care information, and date of admission into Saiatu. Results. Of the 70 patients cared for, 61.4% were men and 36.8% were women, with a mean age of 76.79 years old. In 62.9% of the cases the main carer was the spouse. More than half (60%) of the families did not have any public or private social support network, and their level of dependency was found to be severe to moderate in 75.7% of cases. The large majority (88.6%) of the patients were oncological, and the remainder were non-oncological. The majority of cases, 37.1%, were referrals from hospitalisation at home. Of the 92% who had expressed the wish to die at home, 71.4% had that wish fulfilled. However of those who died in hospital, 65% had expressed the wish to die at home. Overall 79% died in the place they had previously expressed. It was observed that age, dysphagia and emotional concerns were associated with death at home, whilst anorexia was related to death in hospital.

It was observed that age, dysphagia and emotional concerns were associated with death at home, whilst anorexia was related to death in hospital.

S1134248X13000840

A home-based palliative care social welfare programme in the Basque Country. The Saiatu experience

Keywords Palliative care Home care services Death at home

Background. Saiatu is a programme that offers a specially trained in-home social welfare assistance to improve the delivery of care for people with advanced and terminal illness, and their families. The following is a presentation of a study carried out following 17 months of work, showing the characteristics of those patients cared for, the place of death, and facts relating to Saiatu's daily activity. Method. A cross-sectional, observational descriptive study was conducted in the region of Gipuzkoa. Population of study: Patients cared for by Saiatu between 1 February 2011 and 30 June 2012. Inclusion Criteria: Patients who had died before 30 June 2012. Sample: The whole patient population (70 patients). Variables and sources of information: Records of identification of patient and main carer, health care information, and date of admission into Saiatu. Results. Of the 70 patients cared for, 61.4% were men and 36.8% were women, with a mean age of 76.79 years old. In 62.9% of the cases the main carer was the spouse. More than half (60%) of the families did not have any public or private social support network, and their level of dependency was found to be severe to moderate in 75.7% of cases. The large majority (88.6%) of the patients were oncological, and the remainder were non-oncological. The majority of cases, 37.1%, were referrals from hospitalisation at home. Of the 92% who had expressed the wish to die at home, 71.4% had that wish fulfilled. However of those who died in hospital, 65% had expressed the wish to die at home. Overall 79% died in the place they had previously expressed. It was observed that age, <dis>dysphagia</dis> and emotional concerns were associated with death at home, whilst anorexia was related to death in hospital.

Background. Saiatu is a programme that offers a specially trained in-home social welfare assistance to improve the delivery of care for people with advanced and terminal illness, and their families. The following is a presentation of a study carried out following 17 months of work, showing the characteristics of those patients cared for, the place of death, and facts relating to Saiatu's daily activity. Method. A cross-sectional, observational descriptive study was conducted in the region of Gipuzkoa. Population of study: Patients cared for by Saiatu between 1 February 2011 and 30 June 2012. Inclusion Criteria: Patients who had died before 30 June 2012. Sample: The whole patient population (70 patients). Variables and sources of information: Records of identification of patient and main carer, health care information, and date of admission into Saiatu. Results. Of the 70 patients cared for, 61.4% were men and 36.8% were women, with a mean age of 76.79 years old. In 62.9% of the cases the main carer was the spouse. More than half (60%) of the families did not have any public or private social support network, and their level of dependency was found to be severe to moderate in 75.7% of cases. The large majority (88.6%) of the patients were oncological, and the remainder were non-oncological. The majority of cases, 37.1%, were referrals from hospitalisation at home. Of the 92% who had expressed the wish to die at home, 71.4% had that wish fulfilled. However of those who died in hospital, 65% had expressed the wish to die at home. Overall 79% died in the place they had previously expressed. It was observed that age, dysphagia and emotional concerns were associated with death at home, whilst anorexia was related to death in hospital.

Abstract Introduction Enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is the commonest congenital anomaly found with imaging techniques in paediatric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Our aim was to describe clinical and audiological findings in paediatric hearing loss associated to EVA. Methods Retrospective review of 55 children with imaging-technique EVA findings from 2000 to 2009.

S2173573510700624

Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome. A review of 55 paediatric patients

Keywords Paediatric sensorineural hearing loss Enlarged vestibular aqueduct Temporal bone

Abstract Introduction Enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is the commonest congenital anomaly found with imaging techniques in <dis>paediatric sensorineural hearing loss</dis> (<dis>SNHL</dis>). Our aim was to describe clinical and audiological findings in <dis>paediatric hearing loss</dis> associated to EVA. Methods Retrospective review of 55 children with imaging-technique EVA findings from 2000 to 2009. Subjective and/or objective audiological tests were analysed and audiological findings related to clinical features were described. Results Thirty-seven patients (67.27%) showed bilateral EVA and 18 (32.72%) were unilateral. <dis>Hearing loss</dis> was bilateral in 46 (83.63%) patients and unilateral in 9 (16.36%). Mean age at diagnosis was 3.78 years. Fifty-three (96.36%) children showed <dis>SNHL</dis> (28 bilateral and profound), while 2 (3.63%) patients had <dis>mixed hearing loss</dis>. There were 3 cases of <dis>hearing loss progression</dis>, 2 fluctuations, 2 of them were asymmetric and 2 patients suffered from vestibular symptoms. Concomitant image findings were 6 cochlear hypoplasia, 2 enlarged internal auditory canals, 1 enlarged vestibule and 1 hypoplastic lateral semicircular canal. Six clinical syndromes were found (2 cases of Down's, and 1 each of Jacobsen, Pendred, Waardenburg and branchio-otorenal). One child was positive for GJB2 mutation. <dis>Familial hearing loss</dis> was demonstrated on 12 (21.8%) cases. Conclusion The clinical picture of <dis>hearing loss</dis> associated to EVA is characterised by great variability. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of <dis>unexplained mixed hearing loss</dis>. Familial and syndromic findings have to be taken into consideration in the diagnostic evaluations of such patients. Knowledge about the natural history of this illness is needed so as to give parents prognostic information.

Abstract Introduction Enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is the commonest congenital anomaly found with imaging techniques in paediatric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Our aim was to describe clinical and audiological findings in paediatric hearing loss associated to EVA. Methods Retrospective review of 55 children with imaging-technique EVA findings from 2000 to 2009. Subjective and/or objective audiological tests were analysed and audiological findings related to clinical features were described. Results Thirty-seven patients (67.27%) showed bilateral EVA and 18 (32.72%) were unilateral. Hearing loss was bilateral in 46 (83.63%) patients and unilateral in 9 (16.36%). Mean age at diagnosis was 3.78 years. Fifty-three (96.36%) children showed SNHL (28 bilateral and profound), while 2 (3.63%) patients had mixed hearing loss. There were 3 cases of hearing loss progression, 2 fluctuations, 2 of them were asymmetric and 2 patients suffered from vestibular symptoms. Concomitant image findings were 6 cochlear hypoplasia, 2 enlarged internal auditory canals, 1 enlarged vestibule and 1 hypoplastic lateral semicircular canal. Six clinical syndromes were found (2 cases of Down's, and 1 each of Jacobsen, Pendred, Waardenburg and branchio-otorenal). One child was positive for GJB2 mutation. Familial hearing loss was demonstrated on 12 (21.8%) cases. Conclusion The clinical picture of hearing loss associated to EVA is characterised by great variability. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of unexplained mixed hearing loss. Familial and syndromic findings have to be taken into consideration in the diagnostic evaluations of such patients. Knowledge about the natural history of this illness is needed so as to give parents prognostic information.

Subjective and/or objective audiological tests were analysed and audiological findings related to clinical features were described. Results Thirty-seven patients (67.27%) showed bilateral EVA and 18 (32.72%) were unilateral. Hearing loss was bilateral in 46 (83.63%) patients and unilateral in 9 (16.36%). Mean age at diagnosis was 3.78 years.

S2173573510700624

Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome. A review of 55 paediatric patients

Keywords Paediatric sensorineural hearing loss Enlarged vestibular aqueduct Temporal bone

Abstract Introduction Enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is the commonest congenital anomaly found with imaging techniques in <dis>paediatric sensorineural hearing loss</dis> (<dis>SNHL</dis>). Our aim was to describe clinical and audiological findings in <dis>paediatric hearing loss</dis> associated to EVA. Methods Retrospective review of 55 children with imaging-technique EVA findings from 2000 to 2009. Subjective and/or objective audiological tests were analysed and audiological findings related to clinical features were described. Results Thirty-seven patients (67.27%) showed bilateral EVA and 18 (32.72%) were unilateral. <dis>Hearing loss</dis> was bilateral in 46 (83.63%) patients and unilateral in 9 (16.36%). Mean age at diagnosis was 3.78 years. Fifty-three (96.36%) children showed <dis>SNHL</dis> (28 bilateral and profound), while 2 (3.63%) patients had <dis>mixed hearing loss</dis>. There were 3 cases of <dis>hearing loss progression</dis>, 2 fluctuations, 2 of them were asymmetric and 2 patients suffered from vestibular symptoms. Concomitant image findings were 6 cochlear hypoplasia, 2 enlarged internal auditory canals, 1 enlarged vestibule and 1 hypoplastic lateral semicircular canal. Six clinical syndromes were found (2 cases of Down's, and 1 each of Jacobsen, Pendred, Waardenburg and branchio-otorenal). One child was positive for GJB2 mutation. <dis>Familial hearing loss</dis> was demonstrated on 12 (21.8%) cases. Conclusion The clinical picture of <dis>hearing loss</dis> associated to EVA is characterised by great variability. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of <dis>unexplained mixed hearing loss</dis>. Familial and syndromic findings have to be taken into consideration in the diagnostic evaluations of such patients. Knowledge about the natural history of this illness is needed so as to give parents prognostic information.

Abstract Introduction Enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is the commonest congenital anomaly found with imaging techniques in paediatric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Our aim was to describe clinical and audiological findings in paediatric hearing loss associated to EVA. Methods Retrospective review of 55 children with imaging-technique EVA findings from 2000 to 2009. Subjective and/or objective audiological tests were analysed and audiological findings related to clinical features were described. Results Thirty-seven patients (67.27%) showed bilateral EVA and 18 (32.72%) were unilateral. Hearing loss was bilateral in 46 (83.63%) patients and unilateral in 9 (16.36%). Mean age at diagnosis was 3.78 years. Fifty-three (96.36%) children showed SNHL (28 bilateral and profound), while 2 (3.63%) patients had mixed hearing loss. There were 3 cases of hearing loss progression, 2 fluctuations, 2 of them were asymmetric and 2 patients suffered from vestibular symptoms. Concomitant image findings were 6 cochlear hypoplasia, 2 enlarged internal auditory canals, 1 enlarged vestibule and 1 hypoplastic lateral semicircular canal. Six clinical syndromes were found (2 cases of Down's, and 1 each of Jacobsen, Pendred, Waardenburg and branchio-otorenal). One child was positive for GJB2 mutation. Familial hearing loss was demonstrated on 12 (21.8%) cases. Conclusion The clinical picture of hearing loss associated to EVA is characterised by great variability. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of unexplained mixed hearing loss. Familial and syndromic findings have to be taken into consideration in the diagnostic evaluations of such patients. Knowledge about the natural history of this illness is needed so as to give parents prognostic information.

Fifty-three (96.36%) children showed SNHL (28 bilateral and profound), while 2 (3.63%) patients had mixed hearing loss. There were 3 cases of hearing loss progression, 2 fluctuations, 2 of them were asymmetric and 2 patients suffered from vestibular symptoms.

S2173573510700624

Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome. A review of 55 paediatric patients

Keywords Paediatric sensorineural hearing loss Enlarged vestibular aqueduct Temporal bone

Abstract Introduction Enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is the commonest congenital anomaly found with imaging techniques in <dis>paediatric sensorineural hearing loss</dis> (<dis>SNHL</dis>). Our aim was to describe clinical and audiological findings in <dis>paediatric hearing loss</dis> associated to EVA. Methods Retrospective review of 55 children with imaging-technique EVA findings from 2000 to 2009. Subjective and/or objective audiological tests were analysed and audiological findings related to clinical features were described. Results Thirty-seven patients (67.27%) showed bilateral EVA and 18 (32.72%) were unilateral. <dis>Hearing loss</dis> was bilateral in 46 (83.63%) patients and unilateral in 9 (16.36%). Mean age at diagnosis was 3.78 years. Fifty-three (96.36%) children showed <dis>SNHL</dis> (28 bilateral and profound), while 2 (3.63%) patients had <dis>mixed hearing loss</dis>. There were 3 cases of <dis>hearing loss progression</dis>, 2 fluctuations, 2 of them were asymmetric and 2 patients suffered from vestibular symptoms. Concomitant image findings were 6 cochlear hypoplasia, 2 enlarged internal auditory canals, 1 enlarged vestibule and 1 hypoplastic lateral semicircular canal. Six clinical syndromes were found (2 cases of Down's, and 1 each of Jacobsen, Pendred, Waardenburg and branchio-otorenal). One child was positive for GJB2 mutation. <dis>Familial hearing loss</dis> was demonstrated on 12 (21.8%) cases. Conclusion The clinical picture of <dis>hearing loss</dis> associated to EVA is characterised by great variability. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of <dis>unexplained mixed hearing loss</dis>. Familial and syndromic findings have to be taken into consideration in the diagnostic evaluations of such patients. Knowledge about the natural history of this illness is needed so as to give parents prognostic information.

Abstract Introduction Enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is the commonest congenital anomaly found with imaging techniques in paediatric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Our aim was to describe clinical and audiological findings in paediatric hearing loss associated to EVA. Methods Retrospective review of 55 children with imaging-technique EVA findings from 2000 to 2009. Subjective and/or objective audiological tests were analysed and audiological findings related to clinical features were described. Results Thirty-seven patients (67.27%) showed bilateral EVA and 18 (32.72%) were unilateral. Hearing loss was bilateral in 46 (83.63%) patients and unilateral in 9 (16.36%). Mean age at diagnosis was 3.78 years. Fifty-three (96.36%) children showed SNHL (28 bilateral and profound), while 2 (3.63%) patients had mixed hearing loss. There were 3 cases of hearing loss progression, 2 fluctuations, 2 of them were asymmetric and 2 patients suffered from vestibular symptoms. Concomitant image findings were 6 cochlear hypoplasia, 2 enlarged internal auditory canals, 1 enlarged vestibule and 1 hypoplastic lateral semicircular canal. Six clinical syndromes were found (2 cases of Down's, and 1 each of Jacobsen, Pendred, Waardenburg and branchio-otorenal). One child was positive for GJB2 mutation. Familial hearing loss was demonstrated on 12 (21.8%) cases. Conclusion The clinical picture of hearing loss associated to EVA is characterised by great variability. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of unexplained mixed hearing loss. Familial and syndromic findings have to be taken into consideration in the diagnostic evaluations of such patients. Knowledge about the natural history of this illness is needed so as to give parents prognostic information.

Concomitant image findings were 6 cochlear hypoplasia, 2 enlarged internal auditory canals, 1 enlarged vestibule and 1 hypoplastic lateral semicircular canal. Six clinical syndromes were found (2 cases of Down's, and 1 each of Jacobsen, Pendred, Waardenburg and branchio-otorenal). One child was positive for GJB2 mutation. Familial hearing loss was demonstrated on 12 (21.8%) cases.

S2173573510700624

Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome. A review of 55 paediatric patients

Keywords Paediatric sensorineural hearing loss Enlarged vestibular aqueduct Temporal bone

Abstract Introduction Enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is the commonest congenital anomaly found with imaging techniques in <dis>paediatric sensorineural hearing loss</dis> (<dis>SNHL</dis>). Our aim was to describe clinical and audiological findings in <dis>paediatric hearing loss</dis> associated to EVA. Methods Retrospective review of 55 children with imaging-technique EVA findings from 2000 to 2009. Subjective and/or objective audiological tests were analysed and audiological findings related to clinical features were described. Results Thirty-seven patients (67.27%) showed bilateral EVA and 18 (32.72%) were unilateral. <dis>Hearing loss</dis> was bilateral in 46 (83.63%) patients and unilateral in 9 (16.36%). Mean age at diagnosis was 3.78 years. Fifty-three (96.36%) children showed <dis>SNHL</dis> (28 bilateral and profound), while 2 (3.63%) patients had <dis>mixed hearing loss</dis>. There were 3 cases of <dis>hearing loss progression</dis>, 2 fluctuations, 2 of them were asymmetric and 2 patients suffered from vestibular symptoms. Concomitant image findings were 6 cochlear hypoplasia, 2 enlarged internal auditory canals, 1 enlarged vestibule and 1 hypoplastic lateral semicircular canal. Six clinical syndromes were found (2 cases of Down's, and 1 each of Jacobsen, Pendred, Waardenburg and branchio-otorenal). One child was positive for GJB2 mutation. <dis>Familial hearing loss</dis> was demonstrated on 12 (21.8%) cases. Conclusion The clinical picture of <dis>hearing loss</dis> associated to EVA is characterised by great variability. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of <dis>unexplained mixed hearing loss</dis>. Familial and syndromic findings have to be taken into consideration in the diagnostic evaluations of such patients. Knowledge about the natural history of this illness is needed so as to give parents prognostic information.

Abstract Introduction Enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is the commonest congenital anomaly found with imaging techniques in paediatric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Our aim was to describe clinical and audiological findings in paediatric hearing loss associated to EVA. Methods Retrospective review of 55 children with imaging-technique EVA findings from 2000 to 2009. Subjective and/or objective audiological tests were analysed and audiological findings related to clinical features were described. Results Thirty-seven patients (67.27%) showed bilateral EVA and 18 (32.72%) were unilateral. Hearing loss was bilateral in 46 (83.63%) patients and unilateral in 9 (16.36%). Mean age at diagnosis was 3.78 years. Fifty-three (96.36%) children showed SNHL (28 bilateral and profound), while 2 (3.63%) patients had mixed hearing loss. There were 3 cases of hearing loss progression, 2 fluctuations, 2 of them were asymmetric and 2 patients suffered from vestibular symptoms. Concomitant image findings were 6 cochlear hypoplasia, 2 enlarged internal auditory canals, 1 enlarged vestibule and 1 hypoplastic lateral semicircular canal. Six clinical syndromes were found (2 cases of Down's, and 1 each of Jacobsen, Pendred, Waardenburg and branchio-otorenal). One child was positive for GJB2 mutation. Familial hearing loss was demonstrated on 12 (21.8%) cases. Conclusion The clinical picture of hearing loss associated to EVA is characterised by great variability. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of unexplained mixed hearing loss. Familial and syndromic findings have to be taken into consideration in the diagnostic evaluations of such patients. Knowledge about the natural history of this illness is needed so as to give parents prognostic information.

Conclusion The clinical picture of hearing loss associated to EVA is characterised by great variability. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of unexplained mixed hearing loss. Familial and syndromic findings have to be taken into consideration in the diagnostic evaluations of such patients. Knowledge about the natural history of this illness is needed so as to give parents prognostic information.

S2173573510700624

Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome. A review of 55 paediatric patients

Keywords Paediatric sensorineural hearing loss Enlarged vestibular aqueduct Temporal bone

Abstract Introduction Enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is the commonest congenital anomaly found with imaging techniques in <dis>paediatric sensorineural hearing loss</dis> (<dis>SNHL</dis>). Our aim was to describe clinical and audiological findings in <dis>paediatric hearing loss</dis> associated to EVA. Methods Retrospective review of 55 children with imaging-technique EVA findings from 2000 to 2009. Subjective and/or objective audiological tests were analysed and audiological findings related to clinical features were described. Results Thirty-seven patients (67.27%) showed bilateral EVA and 18 (32.72%) were unilateral. <dis>Hearing loss</dis> was bilateral in 46 (83.63%) patients and unilateral in 9 (16.36%). Mean age at diagnosis was 3.78 years. Fifty-three (96.36%) children showed <dis>SNHL</dis> (28 bilateral and profound), while 2 (3.63%) patients had <dis>mixed hearing loss</dis>. There were 3 cases of <dis>hearing loss progression</dis>, 2 fluctuations, 2 of them were asymmetric and 2 patients suffered from vestibular symptoms. Concomitant image findings were 6 cochlear hypoplasia, 2 enlarged internal auditory canals, 1 enlarged vestibule and 1 hypoplastic lateral semicircular canal. Six clinical syndromes were found (2 cases of Down's, and 1 each of Jacobsen, Pendred, Waardenburg and branchio-otorenal). One child was positive for GJB2 mutation. <dis>Familial hearing loss</dis> was demonstrated on 12 (21.8%) cases. Conclusion The clinical picture of <dis>hearing loss</dis> associated to EVA is characterised by great variability. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of <dis>unexplained mixed hearing loss</dis>. Familial and syndromic findings have to be taken into consideration in the diagnostic evaluations of such patients. Knowledge about the natural history of this illness is needed so as to give parents prognostic information.

Abstract Introduction Enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is the commonest congenital anomaly found with imaging techniques in paediatric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Our aim was to describe clinical and audiological findings in paediatric hearing loss associated to EVA. Methods Retrospective review of 55 children with imaging-technique EVA findings from 2000 to 2009. Subjective and/or objective audiological tests were analysed and audiological findings related to clinical features were described. Results Thirty-seven patients (67.27%) showed bilateral EVA and 18 (32.72%) were unilateral. Hearing loss was bilateral in 46 (83.63%) patients and unilateral in 9 (16.36%). Mean age at diagnosis was 3.78 years. Fifty-three (96.36%) children showed SNHL (28 bilateral and profound), while 2 (3.63%) patients had mixed hearing loss. There were 3 cases of hearing loss progression, 2 fluctuations, 2 of them were asymmetric and 2 patients suffered from vestibular symptoms. Concomitant image findings were 6 cochlear hypoplasia, 2 enlarged internal auditory canals, 1 enlarged vestibule and 1 hypoplastic lateral semicircular canal. Six clinical syndromes were found (2 cases of Down's, and 1 each of Jacobsen, Pendred, Waardenburg and branchio-otorenal). One child was positive for GJB2 mutation. Familial hearing loss was demonstrated on 12 (21.8%) cases. Conclusion The clinical picture of hearing loss associated to EVA is characterised by great variability. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of unexplained mixed hearing loss. Familial and syndromic findings have to be taken into consideration in the diagnostic evaluations of such patients. Knowledge about the natural history of this illness is needed so as to give parents prognostic information.

Abstract The auditory training with wide-band white noise is a methodology for the qualitative recovery of the hearing loss in people suffering from sensorineural hearing loss. It is based on the application of a wide-band white modified noise. In a prospective study, we have assessed the modifications of the recruitment coefficient in a sample of 48 patients who have followed a program of 15 auditory training with wide- band white noise sessions.

S0001651901782118

Auditory training with wide-band white noise: Effects on the recruitment (III)

Key Words Auditory training

Abstract The auditory training with wide-band white noise is a methodology for the qualitative recovery of the <dis>hearing loss</dis> in people suffering from <dis>sensorineural hearing loss</dis>. It is based on the application of a wide-band white modified noise. In a prospective study, we have assessed the modifications of the recruitment coefficient in a sample of 48 patients who have followed a program of 15 auditory training with wide- band white noise sessions. The average improvement of the recruitment coefficient expressed in percentage is a 7.7498%, which comes up to 23.5249% in the case of a binaural recruitment coefficient. From our results, it can be deduced that the auditory training with wide-band white noise reduces the recruitment. That is to say, the decrease of the recruitment in high intensities both binaurally and in all ears.

Abstract The auditory training with wide-band white noise is a methodology for the qualitative recovery of the hearing loss in people suffering from sensorineural hearing loss. It is based on the application of a wide-band white modified noise. In a prospective study, we have assessed the modifications of the recruitment coefficient in a sample of 48 patients who have followed a program of 15 auditory training with wide- band white noise sessions. The average improvement of the recruitment coefficient expressed in percentage is a 7.7498%, which comes up to 23.5249% in the case of a binaural recruitment coefficient. From our results, it can be deduced that the auditory training with wide-band white noise reduces the recruitment. That is to say, the decrease of the recruitment in high intensities both binaurally and in all ears.

The average improvement of the recruitment coefficient expressed in percentage is a 7.7498%, which comes up to 23.5249% in the case of a binaural recruitment coefficient. From our results, it can be deduced that the auditory training with wide-band white noise reduces the recruitment. That is to say, the decrease of the recruitment in high intensities both binaurally and in all ears.

S0001651901782118

Auditory training with wide-band white noise: Effects on the recruitment (III)

Key Words Auditory training

Abstract The auditory training with wide-band white noise is a methodology for the qualitative recovery of the <dis>hearing loss</dis> in people suffering from <dis>sensorineural hearing loss</dis>. It is based on the application of a wide-band white modified noise. In a prospective study, we have assessed the modifications of the recruitment coefficient in a sample of 48 patients who have followed a program of 15 auditory training with wide- band white noise sessions. The average improvement of the recruitment coefficient expressed in percentage is a 7.7498%, which comes up to 23.5249% in the case of a binaural recruitment coefficient. From our results, it can be deduced that the auditory training with wide-band white noise reduces the recruitment. That is to say, the decrease of the recruitment in high intensities both binaurally and in all ears.

Abstract The auditory training with wide-band white noise is a methodology for the qualitative recovery of the hearing loss in people suffering from sensorineural hearing loss. It is based on the application of a wide-band white modified noise. In a prospective study, we have assessed the modifications of the recruitment coefficient in a sample of 48 patients who have followed a program of 15 auditory training with wide- band white noise sessions. The average improvement of the recruitment coefficient expressed in percentage is a 7.7498%, which comes up to 23.5249% in the case of a binaural recruitment coefficient. From our results, it can be deduced that the auditory training with wide-band white noise reduces the recruitment. That is to say, the decrease of the recruitment in high intensities both binaurally and in all ears.

Antiphospholipid syndrome can be associated with several neurological manifestations. The most common symptom is headache. It has also been associated with cognitive dysfunction, probably due to ischemia. A high prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies has been found in patients with epilepsy and in transverse myelitis. The most common thrombotic manifestation is stroke. Venous thrombosis can also be found, yet it is less frequent.

S0025775305718376

Neurological manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome

Key words Antiphospholipid antibodies Antiphospholipid syndrome Multiple sclerosis Stroke Headache Transverse myelitis

Antiphospholipid syndrome can be associated with several neurological manifestations. The most common symptom is headache. It has also been associated with <dis>cognitive dysfunction</dis>, probably due to ischemia. A high prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies has been found in patients with epilepsy and in transverse myelitis. The most common thrombotic manifestation is stroke. Venous thrombosis can also be found, yet it is less frequent. A stroke in a young person obliges to rule out the antiphospholipid syndrome. The neurological manifestations can mimic multiple sclerosis. Thus, determination of antiphospholipid antibodies is recommended in the study of patients with atypical manifestations of multiple sclerosis. Other manifestations associated with antiphospholipid antibodies include chorea, <dis>neurosensorial deafness</dis>, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and psychotic disorders.

Antiphospholipid syndrome can be associated with several neurological manifestations. The most common symptom is headache. It has also been associated with cognitive dysfunction, probably due to ischemia. A high prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies has been found in patients with epilepsy and in transverse myelitis. The most common thrombotic manifestation is stroke. Venous thrombosis can also be found, yet it is less frequent. A stroke in a young person obliges to rule out the antiphospholipid syndrome. The neurological manifestations can mimic multiple sclerosis. Thus, determination of antiphospholipid antibodies is recommended in the study of patients with atypical manifestations of multiple sclerosis. Other manifestations associated with antiphospholipid antibodies include chorea, neurosensorial deafness, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and psychotic disorders.

A stroke in a young person obliges to rule out the antiphospholipid syndrome. The neurological manifestations can mimic multiple sclerosis. Thus, determination of antiphospholipid antibodies is recommended in the study of patients with atypical manifestations of multiple sclerosis. Other manifestations associated with antiphospholipid antibodies include chorea, neurosensorial deafness, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and psychotic disorders.

S0025775305718376

Neurological manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome

Key words Antiphospholipid antibodies Antiphospholipid syndrome Multiple sclerosis Stroke Headache Transverse myelitis

Antiphospholipid syndrome can be associated with several neurological manifestations. The most common symptom is headache. It has also been associated with <dis>cognitive dysfunction</dis>, probably due to ischemia. A high prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies has been found in patients with epilepsy and in transverse myelitis. The most common thrombotic manifestation is stroke. Venous thrombosis can also be found, yet it is less frequent. A stroke in a young person obliges to rule out the antiphospholipid syndrome. The neurological manifestations can mimic multiple sclerosis. Thus, determination of antiphospholipid antibodies is recommended in the study of patients with atypical manifestations of multiple sclerosis. Other manifestations associated with antiphospholipid antibodies include chorea, <dis>neurosensorial deafness</dis>, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and psychotic disorders.

Antiphospholipid syndrome can be associated with several neurological manifestations. The most common symptom is headache. It has also been associated with cognitive dysfunction, probably due to ischemia. A high prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies has been found in patients with epilepsy and in transverse myelitis. The most common thrombotic manifestation is stroke. Venous thrombosis can also be found, yet it is less frequent. A stroke in a young person obliges to rule out the antiphospholipid syndrome. The neurological manifestations can mimic multiple sclerosis. Thus, determination of antiphospholipid antibodies is recommended in the study of patients with atypical manifestations of multiple sclerosis. Other manifestations associated with antiphospholipid antibodies include chorea, neurosensorial deafness, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and psychotic disorders.

Background To report the social and medical situation of centenarian patients who required emergency hospital care during the last 8 years. Method Retrospective study of patients aged over 100 years attended at the Emergency Department of a general hospital. The percentages of admissions and mortality rates were then compared with those among patients aged over 65. Results A total of 51 consultations from 41 patients were recorded, with a mean age of 101.2 years. The number of consultations increased gradually with time (p = 0.008).

S0014256502710679

Centenarian patients attended at a general hospital

Key words centenarians admission reasons

Background To report the social and medical situation of centenarian patients who required emergency hospital care during the last 8 years. Method Retrospective study of patients aged over 100 years attended at the Emergency Department of a general hospital. The percentages of admissions and mortality rates were then compared with those among patients aged over 65. Results A total of 51 consultations from 41 patients were recorded, with a mean age of 101.2 years. The number of consultations increased gradually with time (p = 0.008). Ninety-three percent of patients lived with their families, predominantly in the rural setting. The most prevalent conditions included the prostatic syndrome (among males), heart failure and chronic obstruction to the airflow. Only 20% of patients had <dis>dementia</dis>. Sixty-four percent of consultations required hospital admission, with a mortality rate of 20.5% in this group of patients. The most common discharge diagnoses were heart failure and acute cerebrovascular accident. Conclusions A gradual increase in hospital care is likely to be excepted among centenarians, who have an acceptable health status, although with a high risk of mortality during hospital admission.

Background To report the social and medical situation of centenarian patients who required emergency hospital care during the last 8 years. Method Retrospective study of patients aged over 100 years attended at the Emergency Department of a general hospital. The percentages of admissions and mortality rates were then compared with those among patients aged over 65. Results A total of 51 consultations from 41 patients were recorded, with a mean age of 101.2 years. The number of consultations increased gradually with time (p = 0.008). Ninety-three percent of patients lived with their families, predominantly in the rural setting. The most prevalent conditions included the prostatic syndrome (among males), heart failure and chronic obstruction to the airflow. Only 20% of patients had dementia. Sixty-four percent of consultations required hospital admission, with a mortality rate of 20.5% in this group of patients. The most common discharge diagnoses were heart failure and acute cerebrovascular accident. Conclusions A gradual increase in hospital care is likely to be excepted among centenarians, who have an acceptable health status, although with a high risk of mortality during hospital admission.

Ninety-three percent of patients lived with their families, predominantly in the rural setting. The most prevalent conditions included the prostatic syndrome (among males), heart failure and chronic obstruction to the airflow. Only 20% of patients had dementia. Sixty-four percent of consultations required hospital admission, with a mortality rate of 20.5% in this group of patients. The most common discharge diagnoses were heart failure and acute cerebrovascular accident.

S0014256502710679

Centenarian patients attended at a general hospital

Key words centenarians admission reasons

Background To report the social and medical situation of centenarian patients who required emergency hospital care during the last 8 years. Method Retrospective study of patients aged over 100 years attended at the Emergency Department of a general hospital. The percentages of admissions and mortality rates were then compared with those among patients aged over 65. Results A total of 51 consultations from 41 patients were recorded, with a mean age of 101.2 years. The number of consultations increased gradually with time (p = 0.008). Ninety-three percent of patients lived with their families, predominantly in the rural setting. The most prevalent conditions included the prostatic syndrome (among males), heart failure and chronic obstruction to the airflow. Only 20% of patients had <dis>dementia</dis>. Sixty-four percent of consultations required hospital admission, with a mortality rate of 20.5% in this group of patients. The most common discharge diagnoses were heart failure and acute cerebrovascular accident. Conclusions A gradual increase in hospital care is likely to be excepted among centenarians, who have an acceptable health status, although with a high risk of mortality during hospital admission.

Background To report the social and medical situation of centenarian patients who required emergency hospital care during the last 8 years. Method Retrospective study of patients aged over 100 years attended at the Emergency Department of a general hospital. The percentages of admissions and mortality rates were then compared with those among patients aged over 65. Results A total of 51 consultations from 41 patients were recorded, with a mean age of 101.2 years. The number of consultations increased gradually with time (p = 0.008). Ninety-three percent of patients lived with their families, predominantly in the rural setting. The most prevalent conditions included the prostatic syndrome (among males), heart failure and chronic obstruction to the airflow. Only 20% of patients had dementia. Sixty-four percent of consultations required hospital admission, with a mortality rate of 20.5% in this group of patients. The most common discharge diagnoses were heart failure and acute cerebrovascular accident. Conclusions A gradual increase in hospital care is likely to be excepted among centenarians, who have an acceptable health status, although with a high risk of mortality during hospital admission.

Conclusions A gradual increase in hospital care is likely to be excepted among centenarians, who have an acceptable health status, although with a high risk of mortality during hospital admission.

S0014256502710679

Centenarian patients attended at a general hospital

Key words centenarians admission reasons

Background To report the social and medical situation of centenarian patients who required emergency hospital care during the last 8 years. Method Retrospective study of patients aged over 100 years attended at the Emergency Department of a general hospital. The percentages of admissions and mortality rates were then compared with those among patients aged over 65. Results A total of 51 consultations from 41 patients were recorded, with a mean age of 101.2 years. The number of consultations increased gradually with time (p = 0.008). Ninety-three percent of patients lived with their families, predominantly in the rural setting. The most prevalent conditions included the prostatic syndrome (among males), heart failure and chronic obstruction to the airflow. Only 20% of patients had <dis>dementia</dis>. Sixty-four percent of consultations required hospital admission, with a mortality rate of 20.5% in this group of patients. The most common discharge diagnoses were heart failure and acute cerebrovascular accident. Conclusions A gradual increase in hospital care is likely to be excepted among centenarians, who have an acceptable health status, although with a high risk of mortality during hospital admission.

Background To report the social and medical situation of centenarian patients who required emergency hospital care during the last 8 years. Method Retrospective study of patients aged over 100 years attended at the Emergency Department of a general hospital. The percentages of admissions and mortality rates were then compared with those among patients aged over 65. Results A total of 51 consultations from 41 patients were recorded, with a mean age of 101.2 years. The number of consultations increased gradually with time (p = 0.008). Ninety-three percent of patients lived with their families, predominantly in the rural setting. The most prevalent conditions included the prostatic syndrome (among males), heart failure and chronic obstruction to the airflow. Only 20% of patients had dementia. Sixty-four percent of consultations required hospital admission, with a mortality rate of 20.5% in this group of patients. The most common discharge diagnoses were heart failure and acute cerebrovascular accident. Conclusions A gradual increase in hospital care is likely to be excepted among centenarians, who have an acceptable health status, although with a high risk of mortality during hospital admission.

Objective. To establish the occurrence of caregiver syndrome in caregivers of people with mental illness participating in the Day Hospital Program of a tertiary institution in the city of Cali. Material and methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of overload syndrome in 70 caregivers of people with mental illness, through interviews and the formal application of the Zarit scale and the WHO-DAS 2.0 questionnaire. Results.

S0034745017301129

Caregiver Burden in Families of People With Mental Illness Linked to the Day Hospital Program of a Tertiary Institution in the City of Cali (Colombia)

Keywords Caregiver Burden Zarit scale Mental illness Occupational therapy

Objective. To establish the occurrence of caregiver syndrome in caregivers of people with <dis>mental illness</dis> participating in the Day Hospital Program of a tertiary institution in the city of Cali. Material and methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of overload syndrome in 70 caregivers of people with <dis>mental illness</dis>, through interviews and the formal application of the Zarit scale and the WHO-DAS 2.0 questionnaire. Results. It was established that 68.6% of the participating population presented some level of overload. The caregiver profile corresponds to women, over the age of 55, who belonged to the subsidized health system; earning a low income, and with an average of 8 years in caregiver role for at least 12 hours per day. The long time dedicated to the role's activities and the level of demand resulting from the degree of disability of the person receiving care, appear as associated factors for the presence of higher levels of overload for the caregiver, for which they are a factor to consider when implementing interventions and research processes in which the caregiver is involved as a key agent for improving the quality of life of people with <dis>mental illness</dis>.

Objective. To establish the occurrence of caregiver syndrome in caregivers of people with mental illness participating in the Day Hospital Program of a tertiary institution in the city of Cali. Material and methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of overload syndrome in 70 caregivers of people with mental illness, through interviews and the formal application of the Zarit scale and the WHO-DAS 2.0 questionnaire. Results. It was established that 68.6% of the participating population presented some level of overload. The caregiver profile corresponds to women, over the age of 55, who belonged to the subsidized health system; earning a low income, and with an average of 8 years in caregiver role for at least 12 hours per day. The long time dedicated to the role's activities and the level of demand resulting from the degree of disability of the person receiving care, appear as associated factors for the presence of higher levels of overload for the caregiver, for which they are a factor to consider when implementing interventions and research processes in which the caregiver is involved as a key agent for improving the quality of life of people with mental illness.

It was established that 68.6% of the participating population presented some level of overload. The caregiver profile corresponds to women, over the age of 55, who belonged to the subsidized health system; earning a low income, and with an average of 8 years in caregiver role for at least 12 hours per day.

S0034745017301129

Caregiver Burden in Families of People With Mental Illness Linked to the Day Hospital Program of a Tertiary Institution in the City of Cali (Colombia)

Keywords Caregiver Burden Zarit scale Mental illness Occupational therapy

Objective. To establish the occurrence of caregiver syndrome in caregivers of people with <dis>mental illness</dis> participating in the Day Hospital Program of a tertiary institution in the city of Cali. Material and methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of overload syndrome in 70 caregivers of people with <dis>mental illness</dis>, through interviews and the formal application of the Zarit scale and the WHO-DAS 2.0 questionnaire. Results. It was established that 68.6% of the participating population presented some level of overload. The caregiver profile corresponds to women, over the age of 55, who belonged to the subsidized health system; earning a low income, and with an average of 8 years in caregiver role for at least 12 hours per day. The long time dedicated to the role's activities and the level of demand resulting from the degree of disability of the person receiving care, appear as associated factors for the presence of higher levels of overload for the caregiver, for which they are a factor to consider when implementing interventions and research processes in which the caregiver is involved as a key agent for improving the quality of life of people with <dis>mental illness</dis>.

Objective. To establish the occurrence of caregiver syndrome in caregivers of people with mental illness participating in the Day Hospital Program of a tertiary institution in the city of Cali. Material and methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of overload syndrome in 70 caregivers of people with mental illness, through interviews and the formal application of the Zarit scale and the WHO-DAS 2.0 questionnaire. Results. It was established that 68.6% of the participating population presented some level of overload. The caregiver profile corresponds to women, over the age of 55, who belonged to the subsidized health system; earning a low income, and with an average of 8 years in caregiver role for at least 12 hours per day. The long time dedicated to the role's activities and the level of demand resulting from the degree of disability of the person receiving care, appear as associated factors for the presence of higher levels of overload for the caregiver, for which they are a factor to consider when implementing interventions and research processes in which the caregiver is involved as a key agent for improving the quality of life of people with mental illness.

The long time dedicated to the role's activities and the level of demand resulting from the degree of disability of the person receiving care, appear as associated factors for the presence of higher levels of overload for the caregiver, for which they are a factor to consider when implementing interventions and research processes in which the caregiver is involved as a key agent for improving the quality of life of people with mental illness.

S0034745017301129

Caregiver Burden in Families of People With Mental Illness Linked to the Day Hospital Program of a Tertiary Institution in the City of Cali (Colombia)

Keywords Caregiver Burden Zarit scale Mental illness Occupational therapy

Objective. To establish the occurrence of caregiver syndrome in caregivers of people with <dis>mental illness</dis> participating in the Day Hospital Program of a tertiary institution in the city of Cali. Material and methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of overload syndrome in 70 caregivers of people with <dis>mental illness</dis>, through interviews and the formal application of the Zarit scale and the WHO-DAS 2.0 questionnaire. Results. It was established that 68.6% of the participating population presented some level of overload. The caregiver profile corresponds to women, over the age of 55, who belonged to the subsidized health system; earning a low income, and with an average of 8 years in caregiver role for at least 12 hours per day. The long time dedicated to the role's activities and the level of demand resulting from the degree of disability of the person receiving care, appear as associated factors for the presence of higher levels of overload for the caregiver, for which they are a factor to consider when implementing interventions and research processes in which the caregiver is involved as a key agent for improving the quality of life of people with <dis>mental illness</dis>.

Objective. To establish the occurrence of caregiver syndrome in caregivers of people with mental illness participating in the Day Hospital Program of a tertiary institution in the city of Cali. Material and methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of overload syndrome in 70 caregivers of people with mental illness, through interviews and the formal application of the Zarit scale and the WHO-DAS 2.0 questionnaire. Results. It was established that 68.6% of the participating population presented some level of overload. The caregiver profile corresponds to women, over the age of 55, who belonged to the subsidized health system; earning a low income, and with an average of 8 years in caregiver role for at least 12 hours per day. The long time dedicated to the role's activities and the level of demand resulting from the degree of disability of the person receiving care, appear as associated factors for the presence of higher levels of overload for the caregiver, for which they are a factor to consider when implementing interventions and research processes in which the caregiver is involved as a key agent for improving the quality of life of people with mental illness.

Abstract We report the case of a 29 year-old male with of hereditary spherocytosis, who developed two episodes of sensorineural hearing loss in his right ear after splenectomy due to repetitive hemolytic crisis. We discuss the eventual altiopathogenic mechanism of this audiological disorder.

S000165190378409X

A Patient With Of Hereditary Spherocytosis And Sudden Deafness After Splenectomy

Key words Hereditary spherocytosis Sudden deafness Sensorineural hearing loss Splenectomy

Abstract We report the case of a 29 year-old male with of hereditary spherocytosis, who developed two episodes of <dis>sensorineural hearing loss</dis> in his right ear after splenectomy due to repetitive hemolytic crisis. We discuss the eventual altiopathogenic mechanism of this <dis>audiological disorder</dis>.

Abstract We report the case of a 29 year-old male with of hereditary spherocytosis, who developed two episodes of sensorineural hearing loss in his right ear after splenectomy due to repetitive hemolytic crisis. We discuss the eventual altiopathogenic mechanism of this audiological disorder.

Clinical depression is a mental disorder that often results in emotion dysregulation. This affective instability is one of the central issues of depression and is observed through a significant number of symptoms and behaviours, including suicide. Emotion dysregulation is a trans-diagnostic dimension that requires psychological intervention to provide skills that help the depressed individual to regulate their negative emotional responses.

S2445407917300228

The role of mindfulness in the emotional regulation of depression

Keywords Mindfulness Depression Emotion dysregulation Attention Acceptance

Clinical depression is a <dis>mental disorder</dis> that often results in emotion dysregulation. This affective instability is one of the central issues of depression and is observed through a significant number of symptoms and behaviours, including suicide. Emotion dysregulation is a trans-diagnostic dimension that requires psychological intervention to provide skills that help the depressed individual to regulate their negative emotional responses. Currently, there is growing scientific evidence in the literature indicating that positive emotions can buffer against the negative effects of emotion dysregulation in clinical depression through the practice of mindfulness. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy is an intervention for people who are at risk of experiencing depressive relapses. This model of intervention helps participants to develop awareness of their experience in the present time, a reduction of self-judgement, and an increase of acceptance and self-compassion, as well as the self-regulation of their care. The purpose of this article is to review the conceptual model of emotion regulation of depression, based on the practice of mindfulness. The current review explores the role of mindfulness in the emotion regulation of clinical depression, based on the scientific literature available. Based on our research experience and the reports of several other laboratories, we examined the modes of actions and how the practice of mindfulness and positive emotions contribute to the ability for depressed individuals to recover from negative emotions.

Clinical depression is a mental disorder that often results in emotion dysregulation. This affective instability is one of the central issues of depression and is observed through a significant number of symptoms and behaviours, including suicide. Emotion dysregulation is a trans-diagnostic dimension that requires psychological intervention to provide skills that help the depressed individual to regulate their negative emotional responses. Currently, there is growing scientific evidence in the literature indicating that positive emotions can buffer against the negative effects of emotion dysregulation in clinical depression through the practice of mindfulness. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy is an intervention for people who are at risk of experiencing depressive relapses. This model of intervention helps participants to develop awareness of their experience in the present time, a reduction of self-judgement, and an increase of acceptance and self-compassion, as well as the self-regulation of their care. The purpose of this article is to review the conceptual model of emotion regulation of depression, based on the practice of mindfulness. The current review explores the role of mindfulness in the emotion regulation of clinical depression, based on the scientific literature available. Based on our research experience and the reports of several other laboratories, we examined the modes of actions and how the practice of mindfulness and positive emotions contribute to the ability for depressed individuals to recover from negative emotions.

Currently, there is growing scientific evidence in the literature indicating that positive emotions can buffer against the negative effects of emotion dysregulation in clinical depression through the practice of mindfulness. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy is an intervention for people who are at risk of experiencing depressive relapses. This model of intervention helps participants to develop awareness of their experience in the present time, a reduction of self-judgement, and an increase of acceptance and self-compassion, as well as the self-regulation of their care.

S2445407917300228

The role of mindfulness in the emotional regulation of depression

Keywords Mindfulness Depression Emotion dysregulation Attention Acceptance

Clinical depression is a <dis>mental disorder</dis> that often results in emotion dysregulation. This affective instability is one of the central issues of depression and is observed through a significant number of symptoms and behaviours, including suicide. Emotion dysregulation is a trans-diagnostic dimension that requires psychological intervention to provide skills that help the depressed individual to regulate their negative emotional responses. Currently, there is growing scientific evidence in the literature indicating that positive emotions can buffer against the negative effects of emotion dysregulation in clinical depression through the practice of mindfulness. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy is an intervention for people who are at risk of experiencing depressive relapses. This model of intervention helps participants to develop awareness of their experience in the present time, a reduction of self-judgement, and an increase of acceptance and self-compassion, as well as the self-regulation of their care. The purpose of this article is to review the conceptual model of emotion regulation of depression, based on the practice of mindfulness. The current review explores the role of mindfulness in the emotion regulation of clinical depression, based on the scientific literature available. Based on our research experience and the reports of several other laboratories, we examined the modes of actions and how the practice of mindfulness and positive emotions contribute to the ability for depressed individuals to recover from negative emotions.

Clinical depression is a mental disorder that often results in emotion dysregulation. This affective instability is one of the central issues of depression and is observed through a significant number of symptoms and behaviours, including suicide. Emotion dysregulation is a trans-diagnostic dimension that requires psychological intervention to provide skills that help the depressed individual to regulate their negative emotional responses. Currently, there is growing scientific evidence in the literature indicating that positive emotions can buffer against the negative effects of emotion dysregulation in clinical depression through the practice of mindfulness. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy is an intervention for people who are at risk of experiencing depressive relapses. This model of intervention helps participants to develop awareness of their experience in the present time, a reduction of self-judgement, and an increase of acceptance and self-compassion, as well as the self-regulation of their care. The purpose of this article is to review the conceptual model of emotion regulation of depression, based on the practice of mindfulness. The current review explores the role of mindfulness in the emotion regulation of clinical depression, based on the scientific literature available. Based on our research experience and the reports of several other laboratories, we examined the modes of actions and how the practice of mindfulness and positive emotions contribute to the ability for depressed individuals to recover from negative emotions.

The purpose of this article is to review the conceptual model of emotion regulation of depression, based on the practice of mindfulness. The current review explores the role of mindfulness in the emotion regulation of clinical depression, based on the scientific literature available. Based on our research experience and the reports of several other laboratories, we examined the modes of actions and how the practice of mindfulness and positive emotions contribute to the ability for depressed individuals to recover from negative emotions.

S2445407917300228

The role of mindfulness in the emotional regulation of depression

Keywords Mindfulness Depression Emotion dysregulation Attention Acceptance

Clinical depression is a <dis>mental disorder</dis> that often results in emotion dysregulation. This affective instability is one of the central issues of depression and is observed through a significant number of symptoms and behaviours, including suicide. Emotion dysregulation is a trans-diagnostic dimension that requires psychological intervention to provide skills that help the depressed individual to regulate their negative emotional responses. Currently, there is growing scientific evidence in the literature indicating that positive emotions can buffer against the negative effects of emotion dysregulation in clinical depression through the practice of mindfulness. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy is an intervention for people who are at risk of experiencing depressive relapses. This model of intervention helps participants to develop awareness of their experience in the present time, a reduction of self-judgement, and an increase of acceptance and self-compassion, as well as the self-regulation of their care. The purpose of this article is to review the conceptual model of emotion regulation of depression, based on the practice of mindfulness. The current review explores the role of mindfulness in the emotion regulation of clinical depression, based on the scientific literature available. Based on our research experience and the reports of several other laboratories, we examined the modes of actions and how the practice of mindfulness and positive emotions contribute to the ability for depressed individuals to recover from negative emotions.

Clinical depression is a mental disorder that often results in emotion dysregulation. This affective instability is one of the central issues of depression and is observed through a significant number of symptoms and behaviours, including suicide. Emotion dysregulation is a trans-diagnostic dimension that requires psychological intervention to provide skills that help the depressed individual to regulate their negative emotional responses. Currently, there is growing scientific evidence in the literature indicating that positive emotions can buffer against the negative effects of emotion dysregulation in clinical depression through the practice of mindfulness. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy is an intervention for people who are at risk of experiencing depressive relapses. This model of intervention helps participants to develop awareness of their experience in the present time, a reduction of self-judgement, and an increase of acceptance and self-compassion, as well as the self-regulation of their care. The purpose of this article is to review the conceptual model of emotion regulation of depression, based on the practice of mindfulness. The current review explores the role of mindfulness in the emotion regulation of clinical depression, based on the scientific literature available. Based on our research experience and the reports of several other laboratories, we examined the modes of actions and how the practice of mindfulness and positive emotions contribute to the ability for depressed individuals to recover from negative emotions.

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment, while the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment is not fully understood. The objectives were to identify a possible association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depending on age in the Chinese rural population.

S2387020617305302

Association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depends on age: A cross-sectional study in Xi’an, China

Keywords Current smoking Cognitive impairment Age Cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>, while the relationship between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> is not fully understood. The objectives were to identify a possible association between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> depending on age in the Chinese rural population. Methods Data for the study consisted of 1782 participants (40 years and older) who lived in a rural village in the vicinity of Xi’an, China. Data about smoking history and cognitive function were collected. Cognitive function was scored by the Mini-Mental State Examination. The effect of age on the relationship between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> was analyzed with interaction and stratified analysis by logistic regression models. Results Interaction analysis showed that current smoking is positively related with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> (odds ratio [OR] = 9.067; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.305–62.979; _P_ = 0.026). However, the interaction term, age by current smoking, is negatively related with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> (OR = 0.969; 95%CI 0.939–0.999; _P_ = 0.045). Stratified logistic regression showed that in the 40–65 years of age sublayer, OR of current smoking is 1.966 ( _P_ = 0.044), whereas in the >65 years of age sublayer, the OR is 0.470 ( _P_ = 0.130). This means that the association between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> with age might be positive (OR > 1) in lower age sublayers, but no significant difference in higher age sublayers. Conclusions In conclusion, current smoking might be positively associated with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> in the middle-aged but the relationship declines with increasing age.

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment, while the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment is not fully understood. The objectives were to identify a possible association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depending on age in the Chinese rural population. Methods Data for the study consisted of 1782 participants (40 years and older) who lived in a rural village in the vicinity of Xi’an, China. Data about smoking history and cognitive function were collected. Cognitive function was scored by the Mini-Mental State Examination. The effect of age on the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment was analyzed with interaction and stratified analysis by logistic regression models. Results Interaction analysis showed that current smoking is positively related with cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 9.067; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.305–62.979; _P_ = 0.026). However, the interaction term, age by current smoking, is negatively related with cognitive impairment (OR = 0.969; 95%CI 0.939–0.999; _P_ = 0.045). Stratified logistic regression showed that in the 40–65 years of age sublayer, OR of current smoking is 1.966 ( _P_ = 0.044), whereas in the >65 years of age sublayer, the OR is 0.470 ( _P_ = 0.130). This means that the association between current smoking and cognitive impairment with age might be positive (OR > 1) in lower age sublayers, but no significant difference in higher age sublayers. Conclusions In conclusion, current smoking might be positively associated with cognitive impairment in the middle-aged but the relationship declines with increasing age.

Methods Data for the study consisted of 1782 participants (40 years and older) who lived in a rural village in the vicinity of Xi’an, China. Data about smoking history and cognitive function were collected. Cognitive function was scored by the Mini-Mental State Examination. The effect of age on the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment was analyzed with interaction and stratified analysis by logistic regression models.

S2387020617305302

Association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depends on age: A cross-sectional study in Xi’an, China

Keywords Current smoking Cognitive impairment Age Cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>, while the relationship between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> is not fully understood. The objectives were to identify a possible association between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> depending on age in the Chinese rural population. Methods Data for the study consisted of 1782 participants (40 years and older) who lived in a rural village in the vicinity of Xi’an, China. Data about smoking history and cognitive function were collected. Cognitive function was scored by the Mini-Mental State Examination. The effect of age on the relationship between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> was analyzed with interaction and stratified analysis by logistic regression models. Results Interaction analysis showed that current smoking is positively related with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> (odds ratio [OR] = 9.067; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.305–62.979; _P_ = 0.026). However, the interaction term, age by current smoking, is negatively related with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> (OR = 0.969; 95%CI 0.939–0.999; _P_ = 0.045). Stratified logistic regression showed that in the 40–65 years of age sublayer, OR of current smoking is 1.966 ( _P_ = 0.044), whereas in the >65 years of age sublayer, the OR is 0.470 ( _P_ = 0.130). This means that the association between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> with age might be positive (OR > 1) in lower age sublayers, but no significant difference in higher age sublayers. Conclusions In conclusion, current smoking might be positively associated with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> in the middle-aged but the relationship declines with increasing age.

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment, while the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment is not fully understood. The objectives were to identify a possible association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depending on age in the Chinese rural population. Methods Data for the study consisted of 1782 participants (40 years and older) who lived in a rural village in the vicinity of Xi’an, China. Data about smoking history and cognitive function were collected. Cognitive function was scored by the Mini-Mental State Examination. The effect of age on the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment was analyzed with interaction and stratified analysis by logistic regression models. Results Interaction analysis showed that current smoking is positively related with cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 9.067; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.305–62.979; _P_ = 0.026). However, the interaction term, age by current smoking, is negatively related with cognitive impairment (OR = 0.969; 95%CI 0.939–0.999; _P_ = 0.045). Stratified logistic regression showed that in the 40–65 years of age sublayer, OR of current smoking is 1.966 ( _P_ = 0.044), whereas in the >65 years of age sublayer, the OR is 0.470 ( _P_ = 0.130). This means that the association between current smoking and cognitive impairment with age might be positive (OR > 1) in lower age sublayers, but no significant difference in higher age sublayers. Conclusions In conclusion, current smoking might be positively associated with cognitive impairment in the middle-aged but the relationship declines with increasing age.

Results Interaction analysis showed that current smoking is positively related with cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 9.067; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.305–62.979; _P_ = 0.026).

S2387020617305302

Association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depends on age: A cross-sectional study in Xi’an, China

Keywords Current smoking Cognitive impairment Age Cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>, while the relationship between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> is not fully understood. The objectives were to identify a possible association between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> depending on age in the Chinese rural population. Methods Data for the study consisted of 1782 participants (40 years and older) who lived in a rural village in the vicinity of Xi’an, China. Data about smoking history and cognitive function were collected. Cognitive function was scored by the Mini-Mental State Examination. The effect of age on the relationship between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> was analyzed with interaction and stratified analysis by logistic regression models. Results Interaction analysis showed that current smoking is positively related with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> (odds ratio [OR] = 9.067; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.305–62.979; _P_ = 0.026). However, the interaction term, age by current smoking, is negatively related with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> (OR = 0.969; 95%CI 0.939–0.999; _P_ = 0.045). Stratified logistic regression showed that in the 40–65 years of age sublayer, OR of current smoking is 1.966 ( _P_ = 0.044), whereas in the >65 years of age sublayer, the OR is 0.470 ( _P_ = 0.130). This means that the association between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> with age might be positive (OR > 1) in lower age sublayers, but no significant difference in higher age sublayers. Conclusions In conclusion, current smoking might be positively associated with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> in the middle-aged but the relationship declines with increasing age.

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment, while the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment is not fully understood. The objectives were to identify a possible association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depending on age in the Chinese rural population. Methods Data for the study consisted of 1782 participants (40 years and older) who lived in a rural village in the vicinity of Xi’an, China. Data about smoking history and cognitive function were collected. Cognitive function was scored by the Mini-Mental State Examination. The effect of age on the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment was analyzed with interaction and stratified analysis by logistic regression models. Results Interaction analysis showed that current smoking is positively related with cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 9.067; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.305–62.979; _P_ = 0.026). However, the interaction term, age by current smoking, is negatively related with cognitive impairment (OR = 0.969; 95%CI 0.939–0.999; _P_ = 0.045). Stratified logistic regression showed that in the 40–65 years of age sublayer, OR of current smoking is 1.966 ( _P_ = 0.044), whereas in the >65 years of age sublayer, the OR is 0.470 ( _P_ = 0.130). This means that the association between current smoking and cognitive impairment with age might be positive (OR > 1) in lower age sublayers, but no significant difference in higher age sublayers. Conclusions In conclusion, current smoking might be positively associated with cognitive impairment in the middle-aged but the relationship declines with increasing age.

However, the interaction term, age by current smoking, is negatively related with cognitive impairment (OR = 0.969; 95%CI 0.939–0.999; _P_ = 0.045).

S2387020617305302

Association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depends on age: A cross-sectional study in Xi’an, China

Keywords Current smoking Cognitive impairment Age Cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>, while the relationship between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> is not fully understood. The objectives were to identify a possible association between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> depending on age in the Chinese rural population. Methods Data for the study consisted of 1782 participants (40 years and older) who lived in a rural village in the vicinity of Xi’an, China. Data about smoking history and cognitive function were collected. Cognitive function was scored by the Mini-Mental State Examination. The effect of age on the relationship between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> was analyzed with interaction and stratified analysis by logistic regression models. Results Interaction analysis showed that current smoking is positively related with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> (odds ratio [OR] = 9.067; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.305–62.979; _P_ = 0.026). However, the interaction term, age by current smoking, is negatively related with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> (OR = 0.969; 95%CI 0.939–0.999; _P_ = 0.045). Stratified logistic regression showed that in the 40–65 years of age sublayer, OR of current smoking is 1.966 ( _P_ = 0.044), whereas in the >65 years of age sublayer, the OR is 0.470 ( _P_ = 0.130). This means that the association between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> with age might be positive (OR > 1) in lower age sublayers, but no significant difference in higher age sublayers. Conclusions In conclusion, current smoking might be positively associated with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> in the middle-aged but the relationship declines with increasing age.

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment, while the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment is not fully understood. The objectives were to identify a possible association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depending on age in the Chinese rural population. Methods Data for the study consisted of 1782 participants (40 years and older) who lived in a rural village in the vicinity of Xi’an, China. Data about smoking history and cognitive function were collected. Cognitive function was scored by the Mini-Mental State Examination. The effect of age on the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment was analyzed with interaction and stratified analysis by logistic regression models. Results Interaction analysis showed that current smoking is positively related with cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 9.067; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.305–62.979; _P_ = 0.026). However, the interaction term, age by current smoking, is negatively related with cognitive impairment (OR = 0.969; 95%CI 0.939–0.999; _P_ = 0.045). Stratified logistic regression showed that in the 40–65 years of age sublayer, OR of current smoking is 1.966 ( _P_ = 0.044), whereas in the >65 years of age sublayer, the OR is 0.470 ( _P_ = 0.130). This means that the association between current smoking and cognitive impairment with age might be positive (OR > 1) in lower age sublayers, but no significant difference in higher age sublayers. Conclusions In conclusion, current smoking might be positively associated with cognitive impairment in the middle-aged but the relationship declines with increasing age.

Stratified logistic regression showed that in the 40–65 years of age sublayer, OR of current smoking is 1.966 ( _P_ = 0.044), whereas in the >65 years of age sublayer, the OR is 0.470 ( _P_ = 0.130). This means that the association between current smoking and cognitive impairment with age might be positive (OR > 1) in lower age sublayers, but no significant difference in higher age sublayers.

S2387020617305302

Association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depends on age: A cross-sectional study in Xi’an, China

Keywords Current smoking Cognitive impairment Age Cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>, while the relationship between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> is not fully understood. The objectives were to identify a possible association between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> depending on age in the Chinese rural population. Methods Data for the study consisted of 1782 participants (40 years and older) who lived in a rural village in the vicinity of Xi’an, China. Data about smoking history and cognitive function were collected. Cognitive function was scored by the Mini-Mental State Examination. The effect of age on the relationship between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> was analyzed with interaction and stratified analysis by logistic regression models. Results Interaction analysis showed that current smoking is positively related with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> (odds ratio [OR] = 9.067; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.305–62.979; _P_ = 0.026). However, the interaction term, age by current smoking, is negatively related with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> (OR = 0.969; 95%CI 0.939–0.999; _P_ = 0.045). Stratified logistic regression showed that in the 40–65 years of age sublayer, OR of current smoking is 1.966 ( _P_ = 0.044), whereas in the >65 years of age sublayer, the OR is 0.470 ( _P_ = 0.130). This means that the association between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> with age might be positive (OR > 1) in lower age sublayers, but no significant difference in higher age sublayers. Conclusions In conclusion, current smoking might be positively associated with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> in the middle-aged but the relationship declines with increasing age.

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment, while the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment is not fully understood. The objectives were to identify a possible association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depending on age in the Chinese rural population. Methods Data for the study consisted of 1782 participants (40 years and older) who lived in a rural village in the vicinity of Xi’an, China. Data about smoking history and cognitive function were collected. Cognitive function was scored by the Mini-Mental State Examination. The effect of age on the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment was analyzed with interaction and stratified analysis by logistic regression models. Results Interaction analysis showed that current smoking is positively related with cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 9.067; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.305–62.979; _P_ = 0.026). However, the interaction term, age by current smoking, is negatively related with cognitive impairment (OR = 0.969; 95%CI 0.939–0.999; _P_ = 0.045). Stratified logistic regression showed that in the 40–65 years of age sublayer, OR of current smoking is 1.966 ( _P_ = 0.044), whereas in the >65 years of age sublayer, the OR is 0.470 ( _P_ = 0.130). This means that the association between current smoking and cognitive impairment with age might be positive (OR > 1) in lower age sublayers, but no significant difference in higher age sublayers. Conclusions In conclusion, current smoking might be positively associated with cognitive impairment in the middle-aged but the relationship declines with increasing age.

Conclusions In conclusion, current smoking might be positively associated with cognitive impairment in the middle-aged but the relationship declines with increasing age.

S2387020617305302

Association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depends on age: A cross-sectional study in Xi’an, China

Keywords Current smoking Cognitive impairment Age Cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>, while the relationship between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> is not fully understood. The objectives were to identify a possible association between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> depending on age in the Chinese rural population. Methods Data for the study consisted of 1782 participants (40 years and older) who lived in a rural village in the vicinity of Xi’an, China. Data about smoking history and cognitive function were collected. Cognitive function was scored by the Mini-Mental State Examination. The effect of age on the relationship between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> was analyzed with interaction and stratified analysis by logistic regression models. Results Interaction analysis showed that current smoking is positively related with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> (odds ratio [OR] = 9.067; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.305–62.979; _P_ = 0.026). However, the interaction term, age by current smoking, is negatively related with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> (OR = 0.969; 95%CI 0.939–0.999; _P_ = 0.045). Stratified logistic regression showed that in the 40–65 years of age sublayer, OR of current smoking is 1.966 ( _P_ = 0.044), whereas in the >65 years of age sublayer, the OR is 0.470 ( _P_ = 0.130). This means that the association between current smoking and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> with age might be positive (OR > 1) in lower age sublayers, but no significant difference in higher age sublayers. Conclusions In conclusion, current smoking might be positively associated with <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> in the middle-aged but the relationship declines with increasing age.

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment, while the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment is not fully understood. The objectives were to identify a possible association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depending on age in the Chinese rural population. Methods Data for the study consisted of 1782 participants (40 years and older) who lived in a rural village in the vicinity of Xi’an, China. Data about smoking history and cognitive function were collected. Cognitive function was scored by the Mini-Mental State Examination. The effect of age on the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment was analyzed with interaction and stratified analysis by logistic regression models. Results Interaction analysis showed that current smoking is positively related with cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 9.067; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.305–62.979; _P_ = 0.026). However, the interaction term, age by current smoking, is negatively related with cognitive impairment (OR = 0.969; 95%CI 0.939–0.999; _P_ = 0.045). Stratified logistic regression showed that in the 40–65 years of age sublayer, OR of current smoking is 1.966 ( _P_ = 0.044), whereas in the >65 years of age sublayer, the OR is 0.470 ( _P_ = 0.130). This means that the association between current smoking and cognitive impairment with age might be positive (OR > 1) in lower age sublayers, but no significant difference in higher age sublayers. Conclusions In conclusion, current smoking might be positively associated with cognitive impairment in the middle-aged but the relationship declines with increasing age.

Abstract We present the case of a 75-year-old woman who suddenly developed hemiplegia, aphasia, and reduced consciousness three hours after embolization of a cerebral aneurysm. No complications occurred during embolization and the findings at end- procedure angiography were normal. Cranial computed tomography (CT) after embolization showed hyperdensity of the cortex and sulci of the convexity; another CT examination performed four hours later showed these findings had disappeared.

S0033833809002124

A case of temporary nonthrombotic hemiplegia and aphasia due to neurotoxicity from angiographic contrast material?

Keywords Contrast agent Angiography Cerebral angiography Neurological deficit Neurotoxicity Cerebral aneurysm Therapeutic embolization

Abstract We present the case of a 75-year-old woman who suddenly developed <dis>hemiplegia</dis>, <dis>aphasia</dis>, and reduced consciousness three hours after embolization of a cerebral aneurysm. No complications occurred during embolization and the findings at end- procedure angiography were normal. Cranial computed tomography (CT) after embolization showed hyperdensity of the cortex and sulci of the convexity; another CT examination performed four hours later showed these findings had disappeared. Cerebral arteriography 24 h after embolization showed delayed blood flow to the parenchyma of the left hemisphere compared to the right but no vascular occlusion. The neurological deficit lasted 72 h and resolved spontaneously and completely as suddenly as it developed. This is one of the few cases of temporary neurological deficit related to iodinated contrast administration to be reported outside the posterior circulation (<dis>cortical blindness</dis>). When neurological symptoms occur after endovascular procedures in the brain, it is fundamental to distinguish this rare clinical syndrome of probable toxic origin from possible ischemic complications of the procedure.

Abstract We present the case of a 75-year-old woman who suddenly developed hemiplegia, aphasia, and reduced consciousness three hours after embolization of a cerebral aneurysm. No complications occurred during embolization and the findings at end- procedure angiography were normal. Cranial computed tomography (CT) after embolization showed hyperdensity of the cortex and sulci of the convexity; another CT examination performed four hours later showed these findings had disappeared. Cerebral arteriography 24 h after embolization showed delayed blood flow to the parenchyma of the left hemisphere compared to the right but no vascular occlusion. The neurological deficit lasted 72 h and resolved spontaneously and completely as suddenly as it developed. This is one of the few cases of temporary neurological deficit related to iodinated contrast administration to be reported outside the posterior circulation (cortical blindness). When neurological symptoms occur after endovascular procedures in the brain, it is fundamental to distinguish this rare clinical syndrome of probable toxic origin from possible ischemic complications of the procedure.

Cerebral arteriography 24 h after embolization showed delayed blood flow to the parenchyma of the left hemisphere compared to the right but no vascular occlusion. The neurological deficit lasted 72 h and resolved spontaneously and completely as suddenly as it developed. This is one of the few cases of temporary neurological deficit related to iodinated contrast administration to be reported outside the posterior circulation (cortical blindness).

S0033833809002124

A case of temporary nonthrombotic hemiplegia and aphasia due to neurotoxicity from angiographic contrast material?

Keywords Contrast agent Angiography Cerebral angiography Neurological deficit Neurotoxicity Cerebral aneurysm Therapeutic embolization

Abstract We present the case of a 75-year-old woman who suddenly developed <dis>hemiplegia</dis>, <dis>aphasia</dis>, and reduced consciousness three hours after embolization of a cerebral aneurysm. No complications occurred during embolization and the findings at end- procedure angiography were normal. Cranial computed tomography (CT) after embolization showed hyperdensity of the cortex and sulci of the convexity; another CT examination performed four hours later showed these findings had disappeared. Cerebral arteriography 24 h after embolization showed delayed blood flow to the parenchyma of the left hemisphere compared to the right but no vascular occlusion. The neurological deficit lasted 72 h and resolved spontaneously and completely as suddenly as it developed. This is one of the few cases of temporary neurological deficit related to iodinated contrast administration to be reported outside the posterior circulation (<dis>cortical blindness</dis>). When neurological symptoms occur after endovascular procedures in the brain, it is fundamental to distinguish this rare clinical syndrome of probable toxic origin from possible ischemic complications of the procedure.

Abstract We present the case of a 75-year-old woman who suddenly developed hemiplegia, aphasia, and reduced consciousness three hours after embolization of a cerebral aneurysm. No complications occurred during embolization and the findings at end- procedure angiography were normal. Cranial computed tomography (CT) after embolization showed hyperdensity of the cortex and sulci of the convexity; another CT examination performed four hours later showed these findings had disappeared. Cerebral arteriography 24 h after embolization showed delayed blood flow to the parenchyma of the left hemisphere compared to the right but no vascular occlusion. The neurological deficit lasted 72 h and resolved spontaneously and completely as suddenly as it developed. This is one of the few cases of temporary neurological deficit related to iodinated contrast administration to be reported outside the posterior circulation (cortical blindness). When neurological symptoms occur after endovascular procedures in the brain, it is fundamental to distinguish this rare clinical syndrome of probable toxic origin from possible ischemic complications of the procedure.

When neurological symptoms occur after endovascular procedures in the brain, it is fundamental to distinguish this rare clinical syndrome of probable toxic origin from possible ischemic complications of the procedure.

S0033833809002124

A case of temporary nonthrombotic hemiplegia and aphasia due to neurotoxicity from angiographic contrast material?

Keywords Contrast agent Angiography Cerebral angiography Neurological deficit Neurotoxicity Cerebral aneurysm Therapeutic embolization

Abstract We present the case of a 75-year-old woman who suddenly developed <dis>hemiplegia</dis>, <dis>aphasia</dis>, and reduced consciousness three hours after embolization of a cerebral aneurysm. No complications occurred during embolization and the findings at end- procedure angiography were normal. Cranial computed tomography (CT) after embolization showed hyperdensity of the cortex and sulci of the convexity; another CT examination performed four hours later showed these findings had disappeared. Cerebral arteriography 24 h after embolization showed delayed blood flow to the parenchyma of the left hemisphere compared to the right but no vascular occlusion. The neurological deficit lasted 72 h and resolved spontaneously and completely as suddenly as it developed. This is one of the few cases of temporary neurological deficit related to iodinated contrast administration to be reported outside the posterior circulation (<dis>cortical blindness</dis>). When neurological symptoms occur after endovascular procedures in the brain, it is fundamental to distinguish this rare clinical syndrome of probable toxic origin from possible ischemic complications of the procedure.

Abstract We present the case of a 75-year-old woman who suddenly developed hemiplegia, aphasia, and reduced consciousness three hours after embolization of a cerebral aneurysm. No complications occurred during embolization and the findings at end- procedure angiography were normal. Cranial computed tomography (CT) after embolization showed hyperdensity of the cortex and sulci of the convexity; another CT examination performed four hours later showed these findings had disappeared. Cerebral arteriography 24 h after embolization showed delayed blood flow to the parenchyma of the left hemisphere compared to the right but no vascular occlusion. The neurological deficit lasted 72 h and resolved spontaneously and completely as suddenly as it developed. This is one of the few cases of temporary neurological deficit related to iodinated contrast administration to be reported outside the posterior circulation (cortical blindness). When neurological symptoms occur after endovascular procedures in the brain, it is fundamental to distinguish this rare clinical syndrome of probable toxic origin from possible ischemic complications of the procedure.

Abstract Introduction Hypothyroidism results from inadequate production of thyroid hormone. It is known that there is a relationship between the major psychiatric disorders and hypothyroidism. Objective To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients admitted due to major psychiatric disorders in Montserrat Hospital during the period from March to October 2010.

S0034745016300452

Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Major Psychiatric Disorders in Hospitalised Patients in Montserrat Hospital During the period March to October 2010

Keywords Hypothyroidism Mental disorder Depression Anxiety Bipolar disorder Schizophrenia

Abstract Introduction Hypothyroidism results from inadequate production of thyroid hormone. It is known that there is a relationship between the <dis>major psychiatric disorders</dis> and hypothyroidism. Objective To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients admitted due to <dis>major psychiatric disorders</dis> in Montserrat Hospital during the period from March to October 2010. Material and methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 105 patients admitted to Montserrat Hospital with a primary diagnosis of <dis>major psychiatric disorder</dis> (major depression, bipolar affective disorder, generalised panic disorder, panic disorder, mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, and schizophrenia) in the aforementioned period. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was performed to assess the evidence of hypothyroidism. Results The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be 10.5% (95% CI; 5%-16%). It was 12.5% in anxiety disorder, 11.1% in depressive disorder, with a lower prevalence of 10.3% for bipolar disorder, and 9.9% for schizophrenia. Conclusions The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be less than in the general population, which is between 4.64% and 18.5%, and hypothyroidism was found in disorders other than depression.

Abstract Introduction Hypothyroidism results from inadequate production of thyroid hormone. It is known that there is a relationship between the major psychiatric disorders and hypothyroidism. Objective To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients admitted due to major psychiatric disorders in Montserrat Hospital during the period from March to October 2010. Material and methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 105 patients admitted to Montserrat Hospital with a primary diagnosis of major psychiatric disorder (major depression, bipolar affective disorder, generalised panic disorder, panic disorder, mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, and schizophrenia) in the aforementioned period. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was performed to assess the evidence of hypothyroidism. Results The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be 10.5% (95% CI; 5%-16%). It was 12.5% in anxiety disorder, 11.1% in depressive disorder, with a lower prevalence of 10.3% for bipolar disorder, and 9.9% for schizophrenia. Conclusions The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be less than in the general population, which is between 4.64% and 18.5%, and hypothyroidism was found in disorders other than depression.

Material and methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 105 patients admitted to Montserrat Hospital with a primary diagnosis of major psychiatric disorder (major depression, bipolar affective disorder, generalised panic disorder, panic disorder, mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, and schizophrenia) in the aforementioned period. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was performed to assess the evidence of hypothyroidism.

S0034745016300452

Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Major Psychiatric Disorders in Hospitalised Patients in Montserrat Hospital During the period March to October 2010

Keywords Hypothyroidism Mental disorder Depression Anxiety Bipolar disorder Schizophrenia

Abstract Introduction Hypothyroidism results from inadequate production of thyroid hormone. It is known that there is a relationship between the <dis>major psychiatric disorders</dis> and hypothyroidism. Objective To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients admitted due to <dis>major psychiatric disorders</dis> in Montserrat Hospital during the period from March to October 2010. Material and methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 105 patients admitted to Montserrat Hospital with a primary diagnosis of <dis>major psychiatric disorder</dis> (major depression, bipolar affective disorder, generalised panic disorder, panic disorder, mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, and schizophrenia) in the aforementioned period. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was performed to assess the evidence of hypothyroidism. Results The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be 10.5% (95% CI; 5%-16%). It was 12.5% in anxiety disorder, 11.1% in depressive disorder, with a lower prevalence of 10.3% for bipolar disorder, and 9.9% for schizophrenia. Conclusions The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be less than in the general population, which is between 4.64% and 18.5%, and hypothyroidism was found in disorders other than depression.

Abstract Introduction Hypothyroidism results from inadequate production of thyroid hormone. It is known that there is a relationship between the major psychiatric disorders and hypothyroidism. Objective To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients admitted due to major psychiatric disorders in Montserrat Hospital during the period from March to October 2010. Material and methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 105 patients admitted to Montserrat Hospital with a primary diagnosis of major psychiatric disorder (major depression, bipolar affective disorder, generalised panic disorder, panic disorder, mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, and schizophrenia) in the aforementioned period. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was performed to assess the evidence of hypothyroidism. Results The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be 10.5% (95% CI; 5%-16%). It was 12.5% in anxiety disorder, 11.1% in depressive disorder, with a lower prevalence of 10.3% for bipolar disorder, and 9.9% for schizophrenia. Conclusions The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be less than in the general population, which is between 4.64% and 18.5%, and hypothyroidism was found in disorders other than depression.

Results The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be 10.5% (95% CI; 5%-16%). It was 12.5% in anxiety disorder, 11.1% in depressive disorder, with a lower prevalence of 10.3% for bipolar disorder, and 9.9% for schizophrenia.

S0034745016300452

Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Major Psychiatric Disorders in Hospitalised Patients in Montserrat Hospital During the period March to October 2010

Keywords Hypothyroidism Mental disorder Depression Anxiety Bipolar disorder Schizophrenia

Abstract Introduction Hypothyroidism results from inadequate production of thyroid hormone. It is known that there is a relationship between the <dis>major psychiatric disorders</dis> and hypothyroidism. Objective To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients admitted due to <dis>major psychiatric disorders</dis> in Montserrat Hospital during the period from March to October 2010. Material and methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 105 patients admitted to Montserrat Hospital with a primary diagnosis of <dis>major psychiatric disorder</dis> (major depression, bipolar affective disorder, generalised panic disorder, panic disorder, mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, and schizophrenia) in the aforementioned period. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was performed to assess the evidence of hypothyroidism. Results The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be 10.5% (95% CI; 5%-16%). It was 12.5% in anxiety disorder, 11.1% in depressive disorder, with a lower prevalence of 10.3% for bipolar disorder, and 9.9% for schizophrenia. Conclusions The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be less than in the general population, which is between 4.64% and 18.5%, and hypothyroidism was found in disorders other than depression.

Abstract Introduction Hypothyroidism results from inadequate production of thyroid hormone. It is known that there is a relationship between the major psychiatric disorders and hypothyroidism. Objective To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients admitted due to major psychiatric disorders in Montserrat Hospital during the period from March to October 2010. Material and methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 105 patients admitted to Montserrat Hospital with a primary diagnosis of major psychiatric disorder (major depression, bipolar affective disorder, generalised panic disorder, panic disorder, mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, and schizophrenia) in the aforementioned period. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was performed to assess the evidence of hypothyroidism. Results The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be 10.5% (95% CI; 5%-16%). It was 12.5% in anxiety disorder, 11.1% in depressive disorder, with a lower prevalence of 10.3% for bipolar disorder, and 9.9% for schizophrenia. Conclusions The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be less than in the general population, which is between 4.64% and 18.5%, and hypothyroidism was found in disorders other than depression.

Conclusions The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be less than in the general population, which is between 4.64% and 18.5%, and hypothyroidism was found in disorders other than depression.

S0034745016300452

Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Major Psychiatric Disorders in Hospitalised Patients in Montserrat Hospital During the period March to October 2010

Keywords Hypothyroidism Mental disorder Depression Anxiety Bipolar disorder Schizophrenia

Abstract Introduction Hypothyroidism results from inadequate production of thyroid hormone. It is known that there is a relationship between the <dis>major psychiatric disorders</dis> and hypothyroidism. Objective To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients admitted due to <dis>major psychiatric disorders</dis> in Montserrat Hospital during the period from March to October 2010. Material and methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 105 patients admitted to Montserrat Hospital with a primary diagnosis of <dis>major psychiatric disorder</dis> (major depression, bipolar affective disorder, generalised panic disorder, panic disorder, mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, and schizophrenia) in the aforementioned period. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was performed to assess the evidence of hypothyroidism. Results The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be 10.5% (95% CI; 5%-16%). It was 12.5% in anxiety disorder, 11.1% in depressive disorder, with a lower prevalence of 10.3% for bipolar disorder, and 9.9% for schizophrenia. Conclusions The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be less than in the general population, which is between 4.64% and 18.5%, and hypothyroidism was found in disorders other than depression.

Abstract Introduction Hypothyroidism results from inadequate production of thyroid hormone. It is known that there is a relationship between the major psychiatric disorders and hypothyroidism. Objective To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients admitted due to major psychiatric disorders in Montserrat Hospital during the period from March to October 2010. Material and methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 105 patients admitted to Montserrat Hospital with a primary diagnosis of major psychiatric disorder (major depression, bipolar affective disorder, generalised panic disorder, panic disorder, mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, and schizophrenia) in the aforementioned period. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was performed to assess the evidence of hypothyroidism. Results The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be 10.5% (95% CI; 5%-16%). It was 12.5% in anxiety disorder, 11.1% in depressive disorder, with a lower prevalence of 10.3% for bipolar disorder, and 9.9% for schizophrenia. Conclusions The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be less than in the general population, which is between 4.64% and 18.5%, and hypothyroidism was found in disorders other than depression.

Objective To analyse the degree of monitoring by doctors, nurses, and other health professionals of patients taking psychotropic medication. Design Retrospective, observational study of patients of both sexes and over 15 years old, who took psychotropic medication and had attended a minimum of ten times the same doctor-nurse primary care unit (PCU). Their monitoring during 2 year- long periods was studied: a first period (the first year after diagnosis) and a second period from October 2001 to October 2002.

S0212656706704024

Who monitors patients treated with psychotropic drugs in primary care?

Key words Primary care Mental disturbance Psychotropic drugs Drug-therapy monitoring

Objective To analyse the degree of monitoring by doctors, nurses, and other health professionals of patients taking psychotropic medication. Design Retrospective, observational study of patients of both sexes and over 15 years old, who took psychotropic medication and had attended a minimum of ten times the same doctor-nurse primary care unit (PCU). Their monitoring during 2 year- long periods was studied: a first period (the first year after diagnosis) and a second period from October 2001 to October 2002. Setting Primary care in the Raval Sud District, Barcelona, Spain. Participants A total of 730 clinical histories were reviewed, of which 200 (27%) met inclusion criteria. Results The most common diagnosis was anxiety-depression disorder (58%), and 14.5% of patients had no recorded diagnosis. 35.5% were patients taking more than one medicine. The most common drug group was the benzodiazepines (60.4%). Significant differences in the number of controls were found between the 2 periods and between different PCUs. The mean difference between periods was −0.5, with 95% CI at −1.0: clearly the degree of monitoring drops over time. Conclusions These patients’ follow-up was not monitored well, which poses the need to create clear aims and protocols for the doctor-nurse team, to thus assist the treatment of patients with <dis>mental health problems</dis>.

Objective To analyse the degree of monitoring by doctors, nurses, and other health professionals of patients taking psychotropic medication. Design Retrospective, observational study of patients of both sexes and over 15 years old, who took psychotropic medication and had attended a minimum of ten times the same doctor-nurse primary care unit (PCU). Their monitoring during 2 year- long periods was studied: a first period (the first year after diagnosis) and a second period from October 2001 to October 2002. Setting Primary care in the Raval Sud District, Barcelona, Spain. Participants A total of 730 clinical histories were reviewed, of which 200 (27%) met inclusion criteria. Results The most common diagnosis was anxiety-depression disorder (58%), and 14.5% of patients had no recorded diagnosis. 35.5% were patients taking more than one medicine. The most common drug group was the benzodiazepines (60.4%). Significant differences in the number of controls were found between the 2 periods and between different PCUs. The mean difference between periods was −0.5, with 95% CI at −1.0: clearly the degree of monitoring drops over time. Conclusions These patients’ follow-up was not monitored well, which poses the need to create clear aims and protocols for the doctor-nurse team, to thus assist the treatment of patients with mental health problems.

Setting Primary care in the Raval Sud District, Barcelona, Spain. Participants A total of 730 clinical histories were reviewed, of which 200 (27%) met inclusion criteria. Results The most common diagnosis was anxiety-depression disorder (58%), and 14.5% of patients had no recorded diagnosis. 35.5% were patients taking more than one medicine. The most common drug group was the benzodiazepines (60.4%).

S0212656706704024

Who monitors patients treated with psychotropic drugs in primary care?

Key words Primary care Mental disturbance Psychotropic drugs Drug-therapy monitoring

Objective To analyse the degree of monitoring by doctors, nurses, and other health professionals of patients taking psychotropic medication. Design Retrospective, observational study of patients of both sexes and over 15 years old, who took psychotropic medication and had attended a minimum of ten times the same doctor-nurse primary care unit (PCU). Their monitoring during 2 year- long periods was studied: a first period (the first year after diagnosis) and a second period from October 2001 to October 2002. Setting Primary care in the Raval Sud District, Barcelona, Spain. Participants A total of 730 clinical histories were reviewed, of which 200 (27%) met inclusion criteria. Results The most common diagnosis was anxiety-depression disorder (58%), and 14.5% of patients had no recorded diagnosis. 35.5% were patients taking more than one medicine. The most common drug group was the benzodiazepines (60.4%). Significant differences in the number of controls were found between the 2 periods and between different PCUs. The mean difference between periods was −0.5, with 95% CI at −1.0: clearly the degree of monitoring drops over time. Conclusions These patients’ follow-up was not monitored well, which poses the need to create clear aims and protocols for the doctor-nurse team, to thus assist the treatment of patients with <dis>mental health problems</dis>.

Objective To analyse the degree of monitoring by doctors, nurses, and other health professionals of patients taking psychotropic medication. Design Retrospective, observational study of patients of both sexes and over 15 years old, who took psychotropic medication and had attended a minimum of ten times the same doctor-nurse primary care unit (PCU). Their monitoring during 2 year- long periods was studied: a first period (the first year after diagnosis) and a second period from October 2001 to October 2002. Setting Primary care in the Raval Sud District, Barcelona, Spain. Participants A total of 730 clinical histories were reviewed, of which 200 (27%) met inclusion criteria. Results The most common diagnosis was anxiety-depression disorder (58%), and 14.5% of patients had no recorded diagnosis. 35.5% were patients taking more than one medicine. The most common drug group was the benzodiazepines (60.4%). Significant differences in the number of controls were found between the 2 periods and between different PCUs. The mean difference between periods was −0.5, with 95% CI at −1.0: clearly the degree of monitoring drops over time. Conclusions These patients’ follow-up was not monitored well, which poses the need to create clear aims and protocols for the doctor-nurse team, to thus assist the treatment of patients with mental health problems.

Significant differences in the number of controls were found between the 2 periods and between different PCUs. The mean difference between periods was −0.5, with 95% CI at −1.0: clearly the degree of monitoring drops over time. Conclusions These patients’ follow-up was not monitored well, which poses the need to create clear aims and protocols for the doctor-nurse team, to thus assist the treatment of patients with mental health problems.

S0212656706704024

Who monitors patients treated with psychotropic drugs in primary care?

Key words Primary care Mental disturbance Psychotropic drugs Drug-therapy monitoring

Objective To analyse the degree of monitoring by doctors, nurses, and other health professionals of patients taking psychotropic medication. Design Retrospective, observational study of patients of both sexes and over 15 years old, who took psychotropic medication and had attended a minimum of ten times the same doctor-nurse primary care unit (PCU). Their monitoring during 2 year- long periods was studied: a first period (the first year after diagnosis) and a second period from October 2001 to October 2002. Setting Primary care in the Raval Sud District, Barcelona, Spain. Participants A total of 730 clinical histories were reviewed, of which 200 (27%) met inclusion criteria. Results The most common diagnosis was anxiety-depression disorder (58%), and 14.5% of patients had no recorded diagnosis. 35.5% were patients taking more than one medicine. The most common drug group was the benzodiazepines (60.4%). Significant differences in the number of controls were found between the 2 periods and between different PCUs. The mean difference between periods was −0.5, with 95% CI at −1.0: clearly the degree of monitoring drops over time. Conclusions These patients’ follow-up was not monitored well, which poses the need to create clear aims and protocols for the doctor-nurse team, to thus assist the treatment of patients with <dis>mental health problems</dis>.

Objective To analyse the degree of monitoring by doctors, nurses, and other health professionals of patients taking psychotropic medication. Design Retrospective, observational study of patients of both sexes and over 15 years old, who took psychotropic medication and had attended a minimum of ten times the same doctor-nurse primary care unit (PCU). Their monitoring during 2 year- long periods was studied: a first period (the first year after diagnosis) and a second period from October 2001 to October 2002. Setting Primary care in the Raval Sud District, Barcelona, Spain. Participants A total of 730 clinical histories were reviewed, of which 200 (27%) met inclusion criteria. Results The most common diagnosis was anxiety-depression disorder (58%), and 14.5% of patients had no recorded diagnosis. 35.5% were patients taking more than one medicine. The most common drug group was the benzodiazepines (60.4%). Significant differences in the number of controls were found between the 2 periods and between different PCUs. The mean difference between periods was −0.5, with 95% CI at −1.0: clearly the degree of monitoring drops over time. Conclusions These patients’ follow-up was not monitored well, which poses the need to create clear aims and protocols for the doctor-nurse team, to thus assist the treatment of patients with mental health problems.

Abstract Introduction The impact of Parkinson's Disease (PD) on patients and their caregivers severely affects their quality of life. There is no curative treatment. Treatment is aimed at symptomatic control. Comprehensive care is required to improve their quality of life and achieve maximum independence.

S2013524611700137

Quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease following surgical treatment in Albacete University Hospital

Keywords Parkinson's disease (PD) Quality of life Schwab and England Activities of daily living (ADL) Quality of Life Questionnaire PDQ-39 Hoehn and Yahr stage Deep brain stimulation (DBS) UPDRS scale

Abstract Introduction The impact of Parkinson's Disease (PD) on patients and their caregivers severely affects their quality of life. There is no curative treatment. Treatment is aimed at symptomatic control. Comprehensive care is required to improve their quality of life and achieve maximum independence. Objectives To describe the experience in the surgical treatment for PD at the Albacete University Hospital (Spain) 2007–2010, to assess the quality of life of the patient with PD after brain stimulation, and to determine the level of patient satisfaction. Material and method Longitudinal observational descriptive study, collecting demographic data, age at onset, years of evolution, quality of life before and after surgical treatment, level of satisfaction, post-surgical complications and clinical evolution, using the PDQ-39 questionnaire, a satisfaction questionnaire, a review of clinical records and an interview with the neuro-surgical team. Results A total of 13 patients received surgical treatment. A total of 90.9% of patients were satisfied after the surgery, and 81.9% with their quality of life. There was a notable improvement in mobility, AVD and emotional well- being, but was worse in the assessment as regards the social support they receive and with <dis>cognitive impairment and communication</dis>. Conclusions A clinical improvement was achieved in patients with surgical treatment, including reducing motor symptoms, <dis>dyskinesias</dis> and fluctuations, by facilitating the performing of activities of daily life (ADL) and improving their quality of life. Patient are satisfied with their quality of life, but the need to enhance the psychosocial support they receive is detected.

Abstract Introduction The impact of Parkinson's Disease (PD) on patients and their caregivers severely affects their quality of life. There is no curative treatment. Treatment is aimed at symptomatic control. Comprehensive care is required to improve their quality of life and achieve maximum independence. Objectives To describe the experience in the surgical treatment for PD at the Albacete University Hospital (Spain) 2007–2010, to assess the quality of life of the patient with PD after brain stimulation, and to determine the level of patient satisfaction. Material and method Longitudinal observational descriptive study, collecting demographic data, age at onset, years of evolution, quality of life before and after surgical treatment, level of satisfaction, post-surgical complications and clinical evolution, using the PDQ-39 questionnaire, a satisfaction questionnaire, a review of clinical records and an interview with the neuro-surgical team. Results A total of 13 patients received surgical treatment. A total of 90.9% of patients were satisfied after the surgery, and 81.9% with their quality of life. There was a notable improvement in mobility, AVD and emotional well- being, but was worse in the assessment as regards the social support they receive and with cognitive impairment and communication. Conclusions A clinical improvement was achieved in patients with surgical treatment, including reducing motor symptoms, dyskinesias and fluctuations, by facilitating the performing of activities of daily life (ADL) and improving their quality of life. Patient are satisfied with their quality of life, but the need to enhance the psychosocial support they receive is detected.

Objectives To describe the experience in the surgical treatment for PD at the Albacete University Hospital (Spain) 2007–2010, to assess the quality of life of the patient with PD after brain stimulation, and to determine the level of patient satisfaction.

S2013524611700137

Quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease following surgical treatment in Albacete University Hospital

Keywords Parkinson's disease (PD) Quality of life Schwab and England Activities of daily living (ADL) Quality of Life Questionnaire PDQ-39 Hoehn and Yahr stage Deep brain stimulation (DBS) UPDRS scale

Abstract Introduction The impact of Parkinson's Disease (PD) on patients and their caregivers severely affects their quality of life. There is no curative treatment. Treatment is aimed at symptomatic control. Comprehensive care is required to improve their quality of life and achieve maximum independence. Objectives To describe the experience in the surgical treatment for PD at the Albacete University Hospital (Spain) 2007–2010, to assess the quality of life of the patient with PD after brain stimulation, and to determine the level of patient satisfaction. Material and method Longitudinal observational descriptive study, collecting demographic data, age at onset, years of evolution, quality of life before and after surgical treatment, level of satisfaction, post-surgical complications and clinical evolution, using the PDQ-39 questionnaire, a satisfaction questionnaire, a review of clinical records and an interview with the neuro-surgical team. Results A total of 13 patients received surgical treatment. A total of 90.9% of patients were satisfied after the surgery, and 81.9% with their quality of life. There was a notable improvement in mobility, AVD and emotional well- being, but was worse in the assessment as regards the social support they receive and with <dis>cognitive impairment and communication</dis>. Conclusions A clinical improvement was achieved in patients with surgical treatment, including reducing motor symptoms, <dis>dyskinesias</dis> and fluctuations, by facilitating the performing of activities of daily life (ADL) and improving their quality of life. Patient are satisfied with their quality of life, but the need to enhance the psychosocial support they receive is detected.

Abstract Introduction The impact of Parkinson's Disease (PD) on patients and their caregivers severely affects their quality of life. There is no curative treatment. Treatment is aimed at symptomatic control. Comprehensive care is required to improve their quality of life and achieve maximum independence. Objectives To describe the experience in the surgical treatment for PD at the Albacete University Hospital (Spain) 2007–2010, to assess the quality of life of the patient with PD after brain stimulation, and to determine the level of patient satisfaction. Material and method Longitudinal observational descriptive study, collecting demographic data, age at onset, years of evolution, quality of life before and after surgical treatment, level of satisfaction, post-surgical complications and clinical evolution, using the PDQ-39 questionnaire, a satisfaction questionnaire, a review of clinical records and an interview with the neuro-surgical team. Results A total of 13 patients received surgical treatment. A total of 90.9% of patients were satisfied after the surgery, and 81.9% with their quality of life. There was a notable improvement in mobility, AVD and emotional well- being, but was worse in the assessment as regards the social support they receive and with cognitive impairment and communication. Conclusions A clinical improvement was achieved in patients with surgical treatment, including reducing motor symptoms, dyskinesias and fluctuations, by facilitating the performing of activities of daily life (ADL) and improving their quality of life. Patient are satisfied with their quality of life, but the need to enhance the psychosocial support they receive is detected.

Material and method Longitudinal observational descriptive study, collecting demographic data, age at onset, years of evolution, quality of life before and after surgical treatment, level of satisfaction, post-surgical complications and clinical evolution, using the PDQ-39 questionnaire, a satisfaction questionnaire, a review of clinical records and an interview with the neuro-surgical team. Results A total of 13 patients received surgical treatment.

S2013524611700137

Quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease following surgical treatment in Albacete University Hospital

Keywords Parkinson's disease (PD) Quality of life Schwab and England Activities of daily living (ADL) Quality of Life Questionnaire PDQ-39 Hoehn and Yahr stage Deep brain stimulation (DBS) UPDRS scale

Abstract Introduction The impact of Parkinson's Disease (PD) on patients and their caregivers severely affects their quality of life. There is no curative treatment. Treatment is aimed at symptomatic control. Comprehensive care is required to improve their quality of life and achieve maximum independence. Objectives To describe the experience in the surgical treatment for PD at the Albacete University Hospital (Spain) 2007–2010, to assess the quality of life of the patient with PD after brain stimulation, and to determine the level of patient satisfaction. Material and method Longitudinal observational descriptive study, collecting demographic data, age at onset, years of evolution, quality of life before and after surgical treatment, level of satisfaction, post-surgical complications and clinical evolution, using the PDQ-39 questionnaire, a satisfaction questionnaire, a review of clinical records and an interview with the neuro-surgical team. Results A total of 13 patients received surgical treatment. A total of 90.9% of patients were satisfied after the surgery, and 81.9% with their quality of life. There was a notable improvement in mobility, AVD and emotional well- being, but was worse in the assessment as regards the social support they receive and with <dis>cognitive impairment and communication</dis>. Conclusions A clinical improvement was achieved in patients with surgical treatment, including reducing motor symptoms, <dis>dyskinesias</dis> and fluctuations, by facilitating the performing of activities of daily life (ADL) and improving their quality of life. Patient are satisfied with their quality of life, but the need to enhance the psychosocial support they receive is detected.

Abstract Introduction The impact of Parkinson's Disease (PD) on patients and their caregivers severely affects their quality of life. There is no curative treatment. Treatment is aimed at symptomatic control. Comprehensive care is required to improve their quality of life and achieve maximum independence. Objectives To describe the experience in the surgical treatment for PD at the Albacete University Hospital (Spain) 2007–2010, to assess the quality of life of the patient with PD after brain stimulation, and to determine the level of patient satisfaction. Material and method Longitudinal observational descriptive study, collecting demographic data, age at onset, years of evolution, quality of life before and after surgical treatment, level of satisfaction, post-surgical complications and clinical evolution, using the PDQ-39 questionnaire, a satisfaction questionnaire, a review of clinical records and an interview with the neuro-surgical team. Results A total of 13 patients received surgical treatment. A total of 90.9% of patients were satisfied after the surgery, and 81.9% with their quality of life. There was a notable improvement in mobility, AVD and emotional well- being, but was worse in the assessment as regards the social support they receive and with cognitive impairment and communication. Conclusions A clinical improvement was achieved in patients with surgical treatment, including reducing motor symptoms, dyskinesias and fluctuations, by facilitating the performing of activities of daily life (ADL) and improving their quality of life. Patient are satisfied with their quality of life, but the need to enhance the psychosocial support they receive is detected.

A total of 90.9% of patients were satisfied after the surgery, and 81.9% with their quality of life. There was a notable improvement in mobility, AVD and emotional well- being, but was worse in the assessment as regards the social support they receive and with cognitive impairment and communication.

S2013524611700137

Quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease following surgical treatment in Albacete University Hospital

Keywords Parkinson's disease (PD) Quality of life Schwab and England Activities of daily living (ADL) Quality of Life Questionnaire PDQ-39 Hoehn and Yahr stage Deep brain stimulation (DBS) UPDRS scale

Abstract Introduction The impact of Parkinson's Disease (PD) on patients and their caregivers severely affects their quality of life. There is no curative treatment. Treatment is aimed at symptomatic control. Comprehensive care is required to improve their quality of life and achieve maximum independence. Objectives To describe the experience in the surgical treatment for PD at the Albacete University Hospital (Spain) 2007–2010, to assess the quality of life of the patient with PD after brain stimulation, and to determine the level of patient satisfaction. Material and method Longitudinal observational descriptive study, collecting demographic data, age at onset, years of evolution, quality of life before and after surgical treatment, level of satisfaction, post-surgical complications and clinical evolution, using the PDQ-39 questionnaire, a satisfaction questionnaire, a review of clinical records and an interview with the neuro-surgical team. Results A total of 13 patients received surgical treatment. A total of 90.9% of patients were satisfied after the surgery, and 81.9% with their quality of life. There was a notable improvement in mobility, AVD and emotional well- being, but was worse in the assessment as regards the social support they receive and with <dis>cognitive impairment and communication</dis>. Conclusions A clinical improvement was achieved in patients with surgical treatment, including reducing motor symptoms, <dis>dyskinesias</dis> and fluctuations, by facilitating the performing of activities of daily life (ADL) and improving their quality of life. Patient are satisfied with their quality of life, but the need to enhance the psychosocial support they receive is detected.

Abstract Introduction The impact of Parkinson's Disease (PD) on patients and their caregivers severely affects their quality of life. There is no curative treatment. Treatment is aimed at symptomatic control. Comprehensive care is required to improve their quality of life and achieve maximum independence. Objectives To describe the experience in the surgical treatment for PD at the Albacete University Hospital (Spain) 2007–2010, to assess the quality of life of the patient with PD after brain stimulation, and to determine the level of patient satisfaction. Material and method Longitudinal observational descriptive study, collecting demographic data, age at onset, years of evolution, quality of life before and after surgical treatment, level of satisfaction, post-surgical complications and clinical evolution, using the PDQ-39 questionnaire, a satisfaction questionnaire, a review of clinical records and an interview with the neuro-surgical team. Results A total of 13 patients received surgical treatment. A total of 90.9% of patients were satisfied after the surgery, and 81.9% with their quality of life. There was a notable improvement in mobility, AVD and emotional well- being, but was worse in the assessment as regards the social support they receive and with cognitive impairment and communication. Conclusions A clinical improvement was achieved in patients with surgical treatment, including reducing motor symptoms, dyskinesias and fluctuations, by facilitating the performing of activities of daily life (ADL) and improving their quality of life. Patient are satisfied with their quality of life, but the need to enhance the psychosocial support they receive is detected.

Conclusions A clinical improvement was achieved in patients with surgical treatment, including reducing motor symptoms, dyskinesias and fluctuations, by facilitating the performing of activities of daily life (ADL) and improving their quality of life. Patient are satisfied with their quality of life, but the need to enhance the psychosocial support they receive is detected.

S2013524611700137

Quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease following surgical treatment in Albacete University Hospital

Keywords Parkinson's disease (PD) Quality of life Schwab and England Activities of daily living (ADL) Quality of Life Questionnaire PDQ-39 Hoehn and Yahr stage Deep brain stimulation (DBS) UPDRS scale

Abstract Introduction The impact of Parkinson's Disease (PD) on patients and their caregivers severely affects their quality of life. There is no curative treatment. Treatment is aimed at symptomatic control. Comprehensive care is required to improve their quality of life and achieve maximum independence. Objectives To describe the experience in the surgical treatment for PD at the Albacete University Hospital (Spain) 2007–2010, to assess the quality of life of the patient with PD after brain stimulation, and to determine the level of patient satisfaction. Material and method Longitudinal observational descriptive study, collecting demographic data, age at onset, years of evolution, quality of life before and after surgical treatment, level of satisfaction, post-surgical complications and clinical evolution, using the PDQ-39 questionnaire, a satisfaction questionnaire, a review of clinical records and an interview with the neuro-surgical team. Results A total of 13 patients received surgical treatment. A total of 90.9% of patients were satisfied after the surgery, and 81.9% with their quality of life. There was a notable improvement in mobility, AVD and emotional well- being, but was worse in the assessment as regards the social support they receive and with <dis>cognitive impairment and communication</dis>. Conclusions A clinical improvement was achieved in patients with surgical treatment, including reducing motor symptoms, <dis>dyskinesias</dis> and fluctuations, by facilitating the performing of activities of daily life (ADL) and improving their quality of life. Patient are satisfied with their quality of life, but the need to enhance the psychosocial support they receive is detected.

Abstract Introduction The impact of Parkinson's Disease (PD) on patients and their caregivers severely affects their quality of life. There is no curative treatment. Treatment is aimed at symptomatic control. Comprehensive care is required to improve their quality of life and achieve maximum independence. Objectives To describe the experience in the surgical treatment for PD at the Albacete University Hospital (Spain) 2007–2010, to assess the quality of life of the patient with PD after brain stimulation, and to determine the level of patient satisfaction. Material and method Longitudinal observational descriptive study, collecting demographic data, age at onset, years of evolution, quality of life before and after surgical treatment, level of satisfaction, post-surgical complications and clinical evolution, using the PDQ-39 questionnaire, a satisfaction questionnaire, a review of clinical records and an interview with the neuro-surgical team. Results A total of 13 patients received surgical treatment. A total of 90.9% of patients were satisfied after the surgery, and 81.9% with their quality of life. There was a notable improvement in mobility, AVD and emotional well- being, but was worse in the assessment as regards the social support they receive and with cognitive impairment and communication. Conclusions A clinical improvement was achieved in patients with surgical treatment, including reducing motor symptoms, dyskinesias and fluctuations, by facilitating the performing of activities of daily life (ADL) and improving their quality of life. Patient are satisfied with their quality of life, but the need to enhance the psychosocial support they receive is detected.

Abstract Introduction Cognitive decline could begin 20 years before the diagnosis of dementia. Besides age, several factors related to medical, socioeconomic, and behavioral and genetic condition may be associated with cognitive decline. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence on the risk and protective factors for cognitive decline in people under 65 years old.

S0034745014000250

Factors Associated with Cognitive Decline in a Population Less than 65 Years Old. A Systematic Review

Keywords Cognitive decline Risk factors Dementia Systematic review

Abstract Introduction <dis>Cognitive decline</dis> could begin 20 years before the diagnosis of <dis>dementia</dis>. Besides age, several factors related to medical, socioeconomic, and behavioral and genetic condition may be associated with <dis>cognitive decline</dis>. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence on the risk and protective factors for <dis>cognitive decline</dis> in people under 65 years old. Methods A systematic review was conducted using a search strategy in MEDLINE and Embase, including longitudinal studies to analyze the effect of protective or risk factors on <dis>cognitive decline</dis> in a population under 65 years old. Results A total of 22 studies were included in this review. Factors such as diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, overweight or obesity, metabolic syndrome, education, physical activity, cognitive stimulation, marital status and diet, could be related to <dis>cognitive decline</dis> before 65 years of age. Conclusions Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle conditions may be associated with <dis>cognitive decline</dis> before 65 years of age. However, the quality of the evidence was low.

Abstract Introduction Cognitive decline could begin 20 years before the diagnosis of dementia. Besides age, several factors related to medical, socioeconomic, and behavioral and genetic condition may be associated with cognitive decline. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence on the risk and protective factors for cognitive decline in people under 65 years old. Methods A systematic review was conducted using a search strategy in MEDLINE and Embase, including longitudinal studies to analyze the effect of protective or risk factors on cognitive decline in a population under 65 years old. Results A total of 22 studies were included in this review. Factors such as diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, overweight or obesity, metabolic syndrome, education, physical activity, cognitive stimulation, marital status and diet, could be related to cognitive decline before 65 years of age. Conclusions Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle conditions may be associated with cognitive decline before 65 years of age. However, the quality of the evidence was low.

Methods A systematic review was conducted using a search strategy in MEDLINE and Embase, including longitudinal studies to analyze the effect of protective or risk factors on cognitive decline in a population under 65 years old. Results A total of 22 studies were included in this review.

S0034745014000250

Factors Associated with Cognitive Decline in a Population Less than 65 Years Old. A Systematic Review

Keywords Cognitive decline Risk factors Dementia Systematic review

Abstract Introduction <dis>Cognitive decline</dis> could begin 20 years before the diagnosis of <dis>dementia</dis>. Besides age, several factors related to medical, socioeconomic, and behavioral and genetic condition may be associated with <dis>cognitive decline</dis>. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence on the risk and protective factors for <dis>cognitive decline</dis> in people under 65 years old. Methods A systematic review was conducted using a search strategy in MEDLINE and Embase, including longitudinal studies to analyze the effect of protective or risk factors on <dis>cognitive decline</dis> in a population under 65 years old. Results A total of 22 studies were included in this review. Factors such as diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, overweight or obesity, metabolic syndrome, education, physical activity, cognitive stimulation, marital status and diet, could be related to <dis>cognitive decline</dis> before 65 years of age. Conclusions Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle conditions may be associated with <dis>cognitive decline</dis> before 65 years of age. However, the quality of the evidence was low.

Abstract Introduction Cognitive decline could begin 20 years before the diagnosis of dementia. Besides age, several factors related to medical, socioeconomic, and behavioral and genetic condition may be associated with cognitive decline. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence on the risk and protective factors for cognitive decline in people under 65 years old. Methods A systematic review was conducted using a search strategy in MEDLINE and Embase, including longitudinal studies to analyze the effect of protective or risk factors on cognitive decline in a population under 65 years old. Results A total of 22 studies were included in this review. Factors such as diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, overweight or obesity, metabolic syndrome, education, physical activity, cognitive stimulation, marital status and diet, could be related to cognitive decline before 65 years of age. Conclusions Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle conditions may be associated with cognitive decline before 65 years of age. However, the quality of the evidence was low.

Factors such as diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, overweight or obesity, metabolic syndrome, education, physical activity, cognitive stimulation, marital status and diet, could be related to cognitive decline before 65 years of age. Conclusions Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle conditions may be associated with cognitive decline before 65 years of age. However, the quality of the evidence was low.

S0034745014000250

Factors Associated with Cognitive Decline in a Population Less than 65 Years Old. A Systematic Review

Keywords Cognitive decline Risk factors Dementia Systematic review

Abstract Introduction <dis>Cognitive decline</dis> could begin 20 years before the diagnosis of <dis>dementia</dis>. Besides age, several factors related to medical, socioeconomic, and behavioral and genetic condition may be associated with <dis>cognitive decline</dis>. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence on the risk and protective factors for <dis>cognitive decline</dis> in people under 65 years old. Methods A systematic review was conducted using a search strategy in MEDLINE and Embase, including longitudinal studies to analyze the effect of protective or risk factors on <dis>cognitive decline</dis> in a population under 65 years old. Results A total of 22 studies were included in this review. Factors such as diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, overweight or obesity, metabolic syndrome, education, physical activity, cognitive stimulation, marital status and diet, could be related to <dis>cognitive decline</dis> before 65 years of age. Conclusions Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle conditions may be associated with <dis>cognitive decline</dis> before 65 years of age. However, the quality of the evidence was low.

Abstract Introduction Cognitive decline could begin 20 years before the diagnosis of dementia. Besides age, several factors related to medical, socioeconomic, and behavioral and genetic condition may be associated with cognitive decline. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence on the risk and protective factors for cognitive decline in people under 65 years old. Methods A systematic review was conducted using a search strategy in MEDLINE and Embase, including longitudinal studies to analyze the effect of protective or risk factors on cognitive decline in a population under 65 years old. Results A total of 22 studies were included in this review. Factors such as diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, overweight or obesity, metabolic syndrome, education, physical activity, cognitive stimulation, marital status and diet, could be related to cognitive decline before 65 years of age. Conclusions Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle conditions may be associated with cognitive decline before 65 years of age. However, the quality of the evidence was low.

Abstract Postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the newborn can occur from exposure to maternal cervical secretions during birth, ingestion of breast milk, transfusion of blood products or transmission by body fluids of infected people. Breast milk is the main source of infection, given the high rate of CMV-positive mothers excreting CMV in milk. Freezing reduces the risk of CMV transmission by breastfeeding, although it does not eliminate it completely.

S1695403310002900

Review and guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of posnatal cytomegalovirus infection

Keywords Cytomegalovirus Practice guideline Breast feeding Breast milk Newborn infant Premature infant Blood transfusion

Abstract Postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the newborn can occur from exposure to maternal cervical secretions during birth, ingestion of breast milk, transfusion of blood products or transmission by body fluids of infected people. Breast milk is the main source of infection, given the high rate of CMV-positive mothers excreting CMV in milk. Freezing reduces the risk of CMV transmission by breastfeeding, although it does not eliminate it completely. Pasteurisation prevents such transmission, but it can alter the immunological properties of breast milk. Postnatal CMV infection is usually asymptomatic, as it normally results from viral reactivation in the mother, and the neonate is born with protective antibodies. However, in the very low birth weight premature infant the amount of transferred antibodies is smaller and a symptomatic infection can occur. Symptomatic posnatal CMV infection in the newborn typically causes hepatitis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia or sepsis-like syndrome. Pneumonitis and enteritis are less common, but very characteristic. Diagnosis is based on urine virus detection at the time of onset of symptoms. Postnatal CMV infection in the newborn generally resolves spontaneously without antiviral treatment. Ganciclovir should be reserved for severe cases. Unlike congenital CMV disease, posnatal CMV infection in the preterm infant does not seem to be associated with <dis>hearing loss</dis> or abnormal neuro-development in long term follow-up.

Abstract Postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the newborn can occur from exposure to maternal cervical secretions during birth, ingestion of breast milk, transfusion of blood products or transmission by body fluids of infected people. Breast milk is the main source of infection, given the high rate of CMV-positive mothers excreting CMV in milk. Freezing reduces the risk of CMV transmission by breastfeeding, although it does not eliminate it completely. Pasteurisation prevents such transmission, but it can alter the immunological properties of breast milk. Postnatal CMV infection is usually asymptomatic, as it normally results from viral reactivation in the mother, and the neonate is born with protective antibodies. However, in the very low birth weight premature infant the amount of transferred antibodies is smaller and a symptomatic infection can occur. Symptomatic posnatal CMV infection in the newborn typically causes hepatitis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia or sepsis-like syndrome. Pneumonitis and enteritis are less common, but very characteristic. Diagnosis is based on urine virus detection at the time of onset of symptoms. Postnatal CMV infection in the newborn generally resolves spontaneously without antiviral treatment. Ganciclovir should be reserved for severe cases. Unlike congenital CMV disease, posnatal CMV infection in the preterm infant does not seem to be associated with hearing loss or abnormal neuro-development in long term follow-up.

Pasteurisation prevents such transmission, but it can alter the immunological properties of breast milk. Postnatal CMV infection is usually asymptomatic, as it normally results from viral reactivation in the mother, and the neonate is born with protective antibodies. However, in the very low birth weight premature infant the amount of transferred antibodies is smaller and a symptomatic infection can occur.

S1695403310002900

Review and guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of posnatal cytomegalovirus infection

Keywords Cytomegalovirus Practice guideline Breast feeding Breast milk Newborn infant Premature infant Blood transfusion

Abstract Postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the newborn can occur from exposure to maternal cervical secretions during birth, ingestion of breast milk, transfusion of blood products or transmission by body fluids of infected people. Breast milk is the main source of infection, given the high rate of CMV-positive mothers excreting CMV in milk. Freezing reduces the risk of CMV transmission by breastfeeding, although it does not eliminate it completely. Pasteurisation prevents such transmission, but it can alter the immunological properties of breast milk. Postnatal CMV infection is usually asymptomatic, as it normally results from viral reactivation in the mother, and the neonate is born with protective antibodies. However, in the very low birth weight premature infant the amount of transferred antibodies is smaller and a symptomatic infection can occur. Symptomatic posnatal CMV infection in the newborn typically causes hepatitis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia or sepsis-like syndrome. Pneumonitis and enteritis are less common, but very characteristic. Diagnosis is based on urine virus detection at the time of onset of symptoms. Postnatal CMV infection in the newborn generally resolves spontaneously without antiviral treatment. Ganciclovir should be reserved for severe cases. Unlike congenital CMV disease, posnatal CMV infection in the preterm infant does not seem to be associated with <dis>hearing loss</dis> or abnormal neuro-development in long term follow-up.

Abstract Postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the newborn can occur from exposure to maternal cervical secretions during birth, ingestion of breast milk, transfusion of blood products or transmission by body fluids of infected people. Breast milk is the main source of infection, given the high rate of CMV-positive mothers excreting CMV in milk. Freezing reduces the risk of CMV transmission by breastfeeding, although it does not eliminate it completely. Pasteurisation prevents such transmission, but it can alter the immunological properties of breast milk. Postnatal CMV infection is usually asymptomatic, as it normally results from viral reactivation in the mother, and the neonate is born with protective antibodies. However, in the very low birth weight premature infant the amount of transferred antibodies is smaller and a symptomatic infection can occur. Symptomatic posnatal CMV infection in the newborn typically causes hepatitis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia or sepsis-like syndrome. Pneumonitis and enteritis are less common, but very characteristic. Diagnosis is based on urine virus detection at the time of onset of symptoms. Postnatal CMV infection in the newborn generally resolves spontaneously without antiviral treatment. Ganciclovir should be reserved for severe cases. Unlike congenital CMV disease, posnatal CMV infection in the preterm infant does not seem to be associated with hearing loss or abnormal neuro-development in long term follow-up.

Symptomatic posnatal CMV infection in the newborn typically causes hepatitis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia or sepsis-like syndrome. Pneumonitis and enteritis are less common, but very characteristic. Diagnosis is based on urine virus detection at the time of onset of symptoms. Postnatal CMV infection in the newborn generally resolves spontaneously without antiviral treatment. Ganciclovir should be reserved for severe cases.

S1695403310002900

Review and guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of posnatal cytomegalovirus infection

Keywords Cytomegalovirus Practice guideline Breast feeding Breast milk Newborn infant Premature infant Blood transfusion

Abstract Postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the newborn can occur from exposure to maternal cervical secretions during birth, ingestion of breast milk, transfusion of blood products or transmission by body fluids of infected people. Breast milk is the main source of infection, given the high rate of CMV-positive mothers excreting CMV in milk. Freezing reduces the risk of CMV transmission by breastfeeding, although it does not eliminate it completely. Pasteurisation prevents such transmission, but it can alter the immunological properties of breast milk. Postnatal CMV infection is usually asymptomatic, as it normally results from viral reactivation in the mother, and the neonate is born with protective antibodies. However, in the very low birth weight premature infant the amount of transferred antibodies is smaller and a symptomatic infection can occur. Symptomatic posnatal CMV infection in the newborn typically causes hepatitis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia or sepsis-like syndrome. Pneumonitis and enteritis are less common, but very characteristic. Diagnosis is based on urine virus detection at the time of onset of symptoms. Postnatal CMV infection in the newborn generally resolves spontaneously without antiviral treatment. Ganciclovir should be reserved for severe cases. Unlike congenital CMV disease, posnatal CMV infection in the preterm infant does not seem to be associated with <dis>hearing loss</dis> or abnormal neuro-development in long term follow-up.

Abstract Postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the newborn can occur from exposure to maternal cervical secretions during birth, ingestion of breast milk, transfusion of blood products or transmission by body fluids of infected people. Breast milk is the main source of infection, given the high rate of CMV-positive mothers excreting CMV in milk. Freezing reduces the risk of CMV transmission by breastfeeding, although it does not eliminate it completely. Pasteurisation prevents such transmission, but it can alter the immunological properties of breast milk. Postnatal CMV infection is usually asymptomatic, as it normally results from viral reactivation in the mother, and the neonate is born with protective antibodies. However, in the very low birth weight premature infant the amount of transferred antibodies is smaller and a symptomatic infection can occur. Symptomatic posnatal CMV infection in the newborn typically causes hepatitis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia or sepsis-like syndrome. Pneumonitis and enteritis are less common, but very characteristic. Diagnosis is based on urine virus detection at the time of onset of symptoms. Postnatal CMV infection in the newborn generally resolves spontaneously without antiviral treatment. Ganciclovir should be reserved for severe cases. Unlike congenital CMV disease, posnatal CMV infection in the preterm infant does not seem to be associated with hearing loss or abnormal neuro-development in long term follow-up.

Unlike congenital CMV disease, posnatal CMV infection in the preterm infant does not seem to be associated with hearing loss or abnormal neuro-development in long term follow-up.

S1695403310002900

Review and guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of posnatal cytomegalovirus infection

Keywords Cytomegalovirus Practice guideline Breast feeding Breast milk Newborn infant Premature infant Blood transfusion

Abstract Postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the newborn can occur from exposure to maternal cervical secretions during birth, ingestion of breast milk, transfusion of blood products or transmission by body fluids of infected people. Breast milk is the main source of infection, given the high rate of CMV-positive mothers excreting CMV in milk. Freezing reduces the risk of CMV transmission by breastfeeding, although it does not eliminate it completely. Pasteurisation prevents such transmission, but it can alter the immunological properties of breast milk. Postnatal CMV infection is usually asymptomatic, as it normally results from viral reactivation in the mother, and the neonate is born with protective antibodies. However, in the very low birth weight premature infant the amount of transferred antibodies is smaller and a symptomatic infection can occur. Symptomatic posnatal CMV infection in the newborn typically causes hepatitis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia or sepsis-like syndrome. Pneumonitis and enteritis are less common, but very characteristic. Diagnosis is based on urine virus detection at the time of onset of symptoms. Postnatal CMV infection in the newborn generally resolves spontaneously without antiviral treatment. Ganciclovir should be reserved for severe cases. Unlike congenital CMV disease, posnatal CMV infection in the preterm infant does not seem to be associated with <dis>hearing loss</dis> or abnormal neuro-development in long term follow-up.

Abstract Postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the newborn can occur from exposure to maternal cervical secretions during birth, ingestion of breast milk, transfusion of blood products or transmission by body fluids of infected people. Breast milk is the main source of infection, given the high rate of CMV-positive mothers excreting CMV in milk. Freezing reduces the risk of CMV transmission by breastfeeding, although it does not eliminate it completely. Pasteurisation prevents such transmission, but it can alter the immunological properties of breast milk. Postnatal CMV infection is usually asymptomatic, as it normally results from viral reactivation in the mother, and the neonate is born with protective antibodies. However, in the very low birth weight premature infant the amount of transferred antibodies is smaller and a symptomatic infection can occur. Symptomatic posnatal CMV infection in the newborn typically causes hepatitis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia or sepsis-like syndrome. Pneumonitis and enteritis are less common, but very characteristic. Diagnosis is based on urine virus detection at the time of onset of symptoms. Postnatal CMV infection in the newborn generally resolves spontaneously without antiviral treatment. Ganciclovir should be reserved for severe cases. Unlike congenital CMV disease, posnatal CMV infection in the preterm infant does not seem to be associated with hearing loss or abnormal neuro-development in long term follow-up.

Abstract Introduction Parkinson's Disease diagnosis is supported in clinical criteria, it is frequently observed that the progression of PD varies among different individuals. Objective To evaluate the clinical progression in 100 PDp with more than five years of follow up in a Movement Disorders Section. Materials and methods We reviewed 100 Medical records of PDp with more than five years of follow-up.

S1853002816300295

Clinical progression of Parkinson's disease: A retrospective analysis in a specialized consulting room in movement disorders

Keywords Activities of daily living Cognitive impairment Parkinson's disease Hoehn and Yahr stages Milestones advanced disease

Abstract Introduction Parkinson's Disease diagnosis is supported in clinical criteria, it is frequently observed that the progression of PD varies among different individuals. Objective To evaluate the clinical progression in 100 PDp with more than five years of follow up in a Movement Disorders Section. Materials and methods We reviewed 100 Medical records of PDp with more than five years of follow-up. We analyzed the demographic characteristics, mean age to diagnosis, the latencies of progression to Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) I to II, HY II to III, and III to IV. Time of onset of the hallucinations, falls, <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> and care needed for activities of daily living (ADL), as milestones of advanced disease. Results We found similar interval times between the different H&Y stages. We observed a faster progression to <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> and needed of care in ADL in patients over 50 years old at the onset of PD _(P_ <.05). Falls were the most frequent complaint found as an advanced disease's milestone (43%). <dis>Cognitive impairment</dis>, hallucinations and falls were associated to higher needs of care in ADL. Conclusions The progression of PD and the severity of parkinsonian signs and symptoms differ widely among patients. Falls, hallucinations and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> were related to higher needs of care in ADL, suggesting they may be considered risk factors in the progression of the disease.

Abstract Introduction Parkinson's Disease diagnosis is supported in clinical criteria, it is frequently observed that the progression of PD varies among different individuals. Objective To evaluate the clinical progression in 100 PDp with more than five years of follow up in a Movement Disorders Section. Materials and methods We reviewed 100 Medical records of PDp with more than five years of follow-up. We analyzed the demographic characteristics, mean age to diagnosis, the latencies of progression to Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) I to II, HY II to III, and III to IV. Time of onset of the hallucinations, falls, cognitive impairment and care needed for activities of daily living (ADL), as milestones of advanced disease. Results We found similar interval times between the different H&Y stages. We observed a faster progression to cognitive impairment and needed of care in ADL in patients over 50 years old at the onset of PD _(P_ <.05). Falls were the most frequent complaint found as an advanced disease's milestone (43%). Cognitive impairment, hallucinations and falls were associated to higher needs of care in ADL. Conclusions The progression of PD and the severity of parkinsonian signs and symptoms differ widely among patients. Falls, hallucinations and cognitive impairment were related to higher needs of care in ADL, suggesting they may be considered risk factors in the progression of the disease.

We analyzed the demographic characteristics, mean age to diagnosis, the latencies of progression to Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) I to II, HY II to III, and III to IV. Time of onset of the hallucinations, falls, cognitive impairment and care needed for activities of daily living (ADL), as milestones of advanced disease. Results We found similar interval times between the different H&Y stages.

S1853002816300295

Clinical progression of Parkinson's disease: A retrospective analysis in a specialized consulting room in movement disorders

Keywords Activities of daily living Cognitive impairment Parkinson's disease Hoehn and Yahr stages Milestones advanced disease

Abstract Introduction Parkinson's Disease diagnosis is supported in clinical criteria, it is frequently observed that the progression of PD varies among different individuals. Objective To evaluate the clinical progression in 100 PDp with more than five years of follow up in a Movement Disorders Section. Materials and methods We reviewed 100 Medical records of PDp with more than five years of follow-up. We analyzed the demographic characteristics, mean age to diagnosis, the latencies of progression to Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) I to II, HY II to III, and III to IV. Time of onset of the hallucinations, falls, <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> and care needed for activities of daily living (ADL), as milestones of advanced disease. Results We found similar interval times between the different H&Y stages. We observed a faster progression to <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> and needed of care in ADL in patients over 50 years old at the onset of PD _(P_ <.05). Falls were the most frequent complaint found as an advanced disease's milestone (43%). <dis>Cognitive impairment</dis>, hallucinations and falls were associated to higher needs of care in ADL. Conclusions The progression of PD and the severity of parkinsonian signs and symptoms differ widely among patients. Falls, hallucinations and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> were related to higher needs of care in ADL, suggesting they may be considered risk factors in the progression of the disease.

Abstract Introduction Parkinson's Disease diagnosis is supported in clinical criteria, it is frequently observed that the progression of PD varies among different individuals. Objective To evaluate the clinical progression in 100 PDp with more than five years of follow up in a Movement Disorders Section. Materials and methods We reviewed 100 Medical records of PDp with more than five years of follow-up. We analyzed the demographic characteristics, mean age to diagnosis, the latencies of progression to Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) I to II, HY II to III, and III to IV. Time of onset of the hallucinations, falls, cognitive impairment and care needed for activities of daily living (ADL), as milestones of advanced disease. Results We found similar interval times between the different H&Y stages. We observed a faster progression to cognitive impairment and needed of care in ADL in patients over 50 years old at the onset of PD _(P_ <.05). Falls were the most frequent complaint found as an advanced disease's milestone (43%). Cognitive impairment, hallucinations and falls were associated to higher needs of care in ADL. Conclusions The progression of PD and the severity of parkinsonian signs and symptoms differ widely among patients. Falls, hallucinations and cognitive impairment were related to higher needs of care in ADL, suggesting they may be considered risk factors in the progression of the disease.

We observed a faster progression to cognitive impairment and needed of care in ADL in patients over 50 years old at the onset of PD _(P_ <.05). Falls were the most frequent complaint found as an advanced disease's milestone (43%). Cognitive impairment, hallucinations and falls were associated to higher needs of care in ADL. Conclusions The progression of PD and the severity of parkinsonian signs and symptoms differ widely among patients.

S1853002816300295

Clinical progression of Parkinson's disease: A retrospective analysis in a specialized consulting room in movement disorders

Keywords Activities of daily living Cognitive impairment Parkinson's disease Hoehn and Yahr stages Milestones advanced disease

Abstract Introduction Parkinson's Disease diagnosis is supported in clinical criteria, it is frequently observed that the progression of PD varies among different individuals. Objective To evaluate the clinical progression in 100 PDp with more than five years of follow up in a Movement Disorders Section. Materials and methods We reviewed 100 Medical records of PDp with more than five years of follow-up. We analyzed the demographic characteristics, mean age to diagnosis, the latencies of progression to Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) I to II, HY II to III, and III to IV. Time of onset of the hallucinations, falls, <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> and care needed for activities of daily living (ADL), as milestones of advanced disease. Results We found similar interval times between the different H&Y stages. We observed a faster progression to <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> and needed of care in ADL in patients over 50 years old at the onset of PD _(P_ <.05). Falls were the most frequent complaint found as an advanced disease's milestone (43%). <dis>Cognitive impairment</dis>, hallucinations and falls were associated to higher needs of care in ADL. Conclusions The progression of PD and the severity of parkinsonian signs and symptoms differ widely among patients. Falls, hallucinations and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> were related to higher needs of care in ADL, suggesting they may be considered risk factors in the progression of the disease.

Abstract Introduction Parkinson's Disease diagnosis is supported in clinical criteria, it is frequently observed that the progression of PD varies among different individuals. Objective To evaluate the clinical progression in 100 PDp with more than five years of follow up in a Movement Disorders Section. Materials and methods We reviewed 100 Medical records of PDp with more than five years of follow-up. We analyzed the demographic characteristics, mean age to diagnosis, the latencies of progression to Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) I to II, HY II to III, and III to IV. Time of onset of the hallucinations, falls, cognitive impairment and care needed for activities of daily living (ADL), as milestones of advanced disease. Results We found similar interval times between the different H&Y stages. We observed a faster progression to cognitive impairment and needed of care in ADL in patients over 50 years old at the onset of PD _(P_ <.05). Falls were the most frequent complaint found as an advanced disease's milestone (43%). Cognitive impairment, hallucinations and falls were associated to higher needs of care in ADL. Conclusions The progression of PD and the severity of parkinsonian signs and symptoms differ widely among patients. Falls, hallucinations and cognitive impairment were related to higher needs of care in ADL, suggesting they may be considered risk factors in the progression of the disease.

Falls, hallucinations and cognitive impairment were related to higher needs of care in ADL, suggesting they may be considered risk factors in the progression of the disease.

S1853002816300295

Clinical progression of Parkinson's disease: A retrospective analysis in a specialized consulting room in movement disorders

Keywords Activities of daily living Cognitive impairment Parkinson's disease Hoehn and Yahr stages Milestones advanced disease

Abstract Introduction Parkinson's Disease diagnosis is supported in clinical criteria, it is frequently observed that the progression of PD varies among different individuals. Objective To evaluate the clinical progression in 100 PDp with more than five years of follow up in a Movement Disorders Section. Materials and methods We reviewed 100 Medical records of PDp with more than five years of follow-up. We analyzed the demographic characteristics, mean age to diagnosis, the latencies of progression to Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) I to II, HY II to III, and III to IV. Time of onset of the hallucinations, falls, <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> and care needed for activities of daily living (ADL), as milestones of advanced disease. Results We found similar interval times between the different H&Y stages. We observed a faster progression to <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> and needed of care in ADL in patients over 50 years old at the onset of PD _(P_ <.05). Falls were the most frequent complaint found as an advanced disease's milestone (43%). <dis>Cognitive impairment</dis>, hallucinations and falls were associated to higher needs of care in ADL. Conclusions The progression of PD and the severity of parkinsonian signs and symptoms differ widely among patients. Falls, hallucinations and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> were related to higher needs of care in ADL, suggesting they may be considered risk factors in the progression of the disease.

Abstract Introduction Parkinson's Disease diagnosis is supported in clinical criteria, it is frequently observed that the progression of PD varies among different individuals. Objective To evaluate the clinical progression in 100 PDp with more than five years of follow up in a Movement Disorders Section. Materials and methods We reviewed 100 Medical records of PDp with more than five years of follow-up. We analyzed the demographic characteristics, mean age to diagnosis, the latencies of progression to Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) I to II, HY II to III, and III to IV. Time of onset of the hallucinations, falls, cognitive impairment and care needed for activities of daily living (ADL), as milestones of advanced disease. Results We found similar interval times between the different H&Y stages. We observed a faster progression to cognitive impairment and needed of care in ADL in patients over 50 years old at the onset of PD _(P_ <.05). Falls were the most frequent complaint found as an advanced disease's milestone (43%). Cognitive impairment, hallucinations and falls were associated to higher needs of care in ADL. Conclusions The progression of PD and the severity of parkinsonian signs and symptoms differ widely among patients. Falls, hallucinations and cognitive impairment were related to higher needs of care in ADL, suggesting they may be considered risk factors in the progression of the disease.

Objectives. The present research aims to describe the knowledge of elementary school teachers about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) through interviews about general information, symptoms/diagnosis and treatment, in addition to perceived self-efficacy. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional population study was carried out, involving 62 teachers from public schools in the municipality of Sabaneta.

S0034745017300550

Knowledge About ADHD in Primary Teachers of Public Schools of Sabaneta, Antioquia

Keywords ADHD Faculty Knowledge

Objectives. The present research aims to describe the knowledge of elementary school teachers about <dis>attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</dis> (<dis>ADHD</dis>) through interviews about general information, symptoms/diagnosis and treatment, in addition to perceived self-efficacy. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional population study was carried out, involving 62 teachers from public schools in the municipality of Sabaneta. The teachers were evaluated by the Spanish adaptation of the Knowledge of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (KADDS), an estimation scale composed of 36 items of three alternative answers (true, false and I do not know). Results. Teachers correctly answered a little less than half of the items in the total questionnaire (48.52%). Specifically, it was in the subscale of dymptoms/diagnosis in which they presented more hits with 69.35%, followed by the treatment subscale (45.30%), and finally the general information (38.60%). Conclusions. According to the data obtained, the need for interventions on the subject is confirmed, so that this is reflected in new teaching techniques that facilitate the learning and development of children with the disorder.

Objectives. The present research aims to describe the knowledge of elementary school teachers about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) through interviews about general information, symptoms/diagnosis and treatment, in addition to perceived self-efficacy. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional population study was carried out, involving 62 teachers from public schools in the municipality of Sabaneta. The teachers were evaluated by the Spanish adaptation of the Knowledge of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (KADDS), an estimation scale composed of 36 items of three alternative answers (true, false and I do not know). Results. Teachers correctly answered a little less than half of the items in the total questionnaire (48.52%). Specifically, it was in the subscale of dymptoms/diagnosis in which they presented more hits with 69.35%, followed by the treatment subscale (45.30%), and finally the general information (38.60%). Conclusions. According to the data obtained, the need for interventions on the subject is confirmed, so that this is reflected in new teaching techniques that facilitate the learning and development of children with the disorder.

The teachers were evaluated by the Spanish adaptation of the Knowledge of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (KADDS), an estimation scale composed of 36 items of three alternative answers (true, false and I do not know). Results. Teachers correctly answered a little less than half of the items in the total questionnaire (48.52%).

S0034745017300550

Knowledge About ADHD in Primary Teachers of Public Schools of Sabaneta, Antioquia

Keywords ADHD Faculty Knowledge

Objectives. The present research aims to describe the knowledge of elementary school teachers about <dis>attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</dis> (<dis>ADHD</dis>) through interviews about general information, symptoms/diagnosis and treatment, in addition to perceived self-efficacy. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional population study was carried out, involving 62 teachers from public schools in the municipality of Sabaneta. The teachers were evaluated by the Spanish adaptation of the Knowledge of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (KADDS), an estimation scale composed of 36 items of three alternative answers (true, false and I do not know). Results. Teachers correctly answered a little less than half of the items in the total questionnaire (48.52%). Specifically, it was in the subscale of dymptoms/diagnosis in which they presented more hits with 69.35%, followed by the treatment subscale (45.30%), and finally the general information (38.60%). Conclusions. According to the data obtained, the need for interventions on the subject is confirmed, so that this is reflected in new teaching techniques that facilitate the learning and development of children with the disorder.

Objectives. The present research aims to describe the knowledge of elementary school teachers about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) through interviews about general information, symptoms/diagnosis and treatment, in addition to perceived self-efficacy. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional population study was carried out, involving 62 teachers from public schools in the municipality of Sabaneta. The teachers were evaluated by the Spanish adaptation of the Knowledge of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (KADDS), an estimation scale composed of 36 items of three alternative answers (true, false and I do not know). Results. Teachers correctly answered a little less than half of the items in the total questionnaire (48.52%). Specifically, it was in the subscale of dymptoms/diagnosis in which they presented more hits with 69.35%, followed by the treatment subscale (45.30%), and finally the general information (38.60%). Conclusions. According to the data obtained, the need for interventions on the subject is confirmed, so that this is reflected in new teaching techniques that facilitate the learning and development of children with the disorder.

Specifically, it was in the subscale of dymptoms/diagnosis in which they presented more hits with 69.35%, followed by the treatment subscale (45.30%), and finally the general information (38.60%). Conclusions. According to the data obtained, the need for interventions on the subject is confirmed, so that this is reflected in new teaching techniques that facilitate the learning and development of children with the disorder.

S0034745017300550

Knowledge About ADHD in Primary Teachers of Public Schools of Sabaneta, Antioquia

Keywords ADHD Faculty Knowledge

Objectives. The present research aims to describe the knowledge of elementary school teachers about <dis>attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</dis> (<dis>ADHD</dis>) through interviews about general information, symptoms/diagnosis and treatment, in addition to perceived self-efficacy. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional population study was carried out, involving 62 teachers from public schools in the municipality of Sabaneta. The teachers were evaluated by the Spanish adaptation of the Knowledge of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (KADDS), an estimation scale composed of 36 items of three alternative answers (true, false and I do not know). Results. Teachers correctly answered a little less than half of the items in the total questionnaire (48.52%). Specifically, it was in the subscale of dymptoms/diagnosis in which they presented more hits with 69.35%, followed by the treatment subscale (45.30%), and finally the general information (38.60%). Conclusions. According to the data obtained, the need for interventions on the subject is confirmed, so that this is reflected in new teaching techniques that facilitate the learning and development of children with the disorder.

Objectives. The present research aims to describe the knowledge of elementary school teachers about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) through interviews about general information, symptoms/diagnosis and treatment, in addition to perceived self-efficacy. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional population study was carried out, involving 62 teachers from public schools in the municipality of Sabaneta. The teachers were evaluated by the Spanish adaptation of the Knowledge of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (KADDS), an estimation scale composed of 36 items of three alternative answers (true, false and I do not know). Results. Teachers correctly answered a little less than half of the items in the total questionnaire (48.52%). Specifically, it was in the subscale of dymptoms/diagnosis in which they presented more hits with 69.35%, followed by the treatment subscale (45.30%), and finally the general information (38.60%). Conclusions. According to the data obtained, the need for interventions on the subject is confirmed, so that this is reflected in new teaching techniques that facilitate the learning and development of children with the disorder.

Background and objective The ESEMeD-Spain project is an epidemiological study about mental disorders in Spain. We present 12 month-prevalence and lifetime-prevalence of the main mood, anxiety and alcohol use disorders; the influence of sociodemographic factors on its presence and age of onset of the disorders. Subjects and method Cross-sectional household survey of a representative sample of the population of Spain 18 years or older. Sample size was 5.473 individuals.

S0025775306719698

Prevalence of mental disorders and associated factors: results from the ESEMeD-Spain study

Key words Epidemiology Mental disorders Europe Age of onset Depressive disorders Anxiety disorders

Background and objective The ESEMeD-Spain project is an epidemiological study about <dis>mental disorders</dis> in Spain. We present 12 month-prevalence and lifetime-prevalence of the main mood, anxiety and alcohol use disorders; the influence of sociodemographic factors on its presence and age of onset of the disorders. Subjects and method Cross-sectional household survey of a representative sample of the population of Spain 18 years or older. Sample size was 5.473 individuals. The WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMHCIDI) was used. Response rate was 78.6%. Results have been weighted to represent the population of Spain. Results 19.5% of the individuals presented a <dis>mental disorder</dis> sometime in their lifetime (lifetime- prevalence) and 8.4% in the last 12 months (12 month- prevalence). The most frequent <dis>mental disorder</dis> was major depressive episode, with a 12-month prevalence of 3.9% and a lifetime- prevalence of 10.5%. The other most lifetime prevalent disorders were specific phobia, alcohol abuse disorder, and disthymia. Factors associated to presenting a <dis>mental disorder</dis> were being female, being separated, divorced or widowed, and being unemployed, on sick leave or incapacitated. Social phobia, agoraphobia and specific phobia appear at younger ages, while mood disorders and panic disorder appears later in life. Conclusions The ESEMeD-Spain study can provide careful outcomes to understand the impact of <dis>mental disorders</dis> in Spain.

Background and objective The ESEMeD-Spain project is an epidemiological study about mental disorders in Spain. We present 12 month-prevalence and lifetime-prevalence of the main mood, anxiety and alcohol use disorders; the influence of sociodemographic factors on its presence and age of onset of the disorders. Subjects and method Cross-sectional household survey of a representative sample of the population of Spain 18 years or older. Sample size was 5.473 individuals. The WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMHCIDI) was used. Response rate was 78.6%. Results have been weighted to represent the population of Spain. Results 19.5% of the individuals presented a mental disorder sometime in their lifetime (lifetime- prevalence) and 8.4% in the last 12 months (12 month- prevalence). The most frequent mental disorder was major depressive episode, with a 12-month prevalence of 3.9% and a lifetime- prevalence of 10.5%. The other most lifetime prevalent disorders were specific phobia, alcohol abuse disorder, and disthymia. Factors associated to presenting a mental disorder were being female, being separated, divorced or widowed, and being unemployed, on sick leave or incapacitated. Social phobia, agoraphobia and specific phobia appear at younger ages, while mood disorders and panic disorder appears later in life. Conclusions The ESEMeD-Spain study can provide careful outcomes to understand the impact of mental disorders in Spain.

The WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMHCIDI) was used. Response rate was 78.6%. Results have been weighted to represent the population of Spain. Results 19.5% of the individuals presented a mental disorder sometime in their lifetime (lifetime- prevalence) and 8.4% in the last 12 months (12 month- prevalence).

S0025775306719698

Prevalence of mental disorders and associated factors: results from the ESEMeD-Spain study

Key words Epidemiology Mental disorders Europe Age of onset Depressive disorders Anxiety disorders

Background and objective The ESEMeD-Spain project is an epidemiological study about <dis>mental disorders</dis> in Spain. We present 12 month-prevalence and lifetime-prevalence of the main mood, anxiety and alcohol use disorders; the influence of sociodemographic factors on its presence and age of onset of the disorders. Subjects and method Cross-sectional household survey of a representative sample of the population of Spain 18 years or older. Sample size was 5.473 individuals. The WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMHCIDI) was used. Response rate was 78.6%. Results have been weighted to represent the population of Spain. Results 19.5% of the individuals presented a <dis>mental disorder</dis> sometime in their lifetime (lifetime- prevalence) and 8.4% in the last 12 months (12 month- prevalence). The most frequent <dis>mental disorder</dis> was major depressive episode, with a 12-month prevalence of 3.9% and a lifetime- prevalence of 10.5%. The other most lifetime prevalent disorders were specific phobia, alcohol abuse disorder, and disthymia. Factors associated to presenting a <dis>mental disorder</dis> were being female, being separated, divorced or widowed, and being unemployed, on sick leave or incapacitated. Social phobia, agoraphobia and specific phobia appear at younger ages, while mood disorders and panic disorder appears later in life. Conclusions The ESEMeD-Spain study can provide careful outcomes to understand the impact of <dis>mental disorders</dis> in Spain.

Background and objective The ESEMeD-Spain project is an epidemiological study about mental disorders in Spain. We present 12 month-prevalence and lifetime-prevalence of the main mood, anxiety and alcohol use disorders; the influence of sociodemographic factors on its presence and age of onset of the disorders. Subjects and method Cross-sectional household survey of a representative sample of the population of Spain 18 years or older. Sample size was 5.473 individuals. The WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMHCIDI) was used. Response rate was 78.6%. Results have been weighted to represent the population of Spain. Results 19.5% of the individuals presented a mental disorder sometime in their lifetime (lifetime- prevalence) and 8.4% in the last 12 months (12 month- prevalence). The most frequent mental disorder was major depressive episode, with a 12-month prevalence of 3.9% and a lifetime- prevalence of 10.5%. The other most lifetime prevalent disorders were specific phobia, alcohol abuse disorder, and disthymia. Factors associated to presenting a mental disorder were being female, being separated, divorced or widowed, and being unemployed, on sick leave or incapacitated. Social phobia, agoraphobia and specific phobia appear at younger ages, while mood disorders and panic disorder appears later in life. Conclusions The ESEMeD-Spain study can provide careful outcomes to understand the impact of mental disorders in Spain.

The most frequent mental disorder was major depressive episode, with a 12-month prevalence of 3.9% and a lifetime- prevalence of 10.5%. The other most lifetime prevalent disorders were specific phobia, alcohol abuse disorder, and disthymia. Factors associated to presenting a mental disorder were being female, being separated, divorced or widowed, and being unemployed, on sick leave or incapacitated.

S0025775306719698

Prevalence of mental disorders and associated factors: results from the ESEMeD-Spain study

Key words Epidemiology Mental disorders Europe Age of onset Depressive disorders Anxiety disorders

Background and objective The ESEMeD-Spain project is an epidemiological study about <dis>mental disorders</dis> in Spain. We present 12 month-prevalence and lifetime-prevalence of the main mood, anxiety and alcohol use disorders; the influence of sociodemographic factors on its presence and age of onset of the disorders. Subjects and method Cross-sectional household survey of a representative sample of the population of Spain 18 years or older. Sample size was 5.473 individuals. The WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMHCIDI) was used. Response rate was 78.6%. Results have been weighted to represent the population of Spain. Results 19.5% of the individuals presented a <dis>mental disorder</dis> sometime in their lifetime (lifetime- prevalence) and 8.4% in the last 12 months (12 month- prevalence). The most frequent <dis>mental disorder</dis> was major depressive episode, with a 12-month prevalence of 3.9% and a lifetime- prevalence of 10.5%. The other most lifetime prevalent disorders were specific phobia, alcohol abuse disorder, and disthymia. Factors associated to presenting a <dis>mental disorder</dis> were being female, being separated, divorced or widowed, and being unemployed, on sick leave or incapacitated. Social phobia, agoraphobia and specific phobia appear at younger ages, while mood disorders and panic disorder appears later in life. Conclusions The ESEMeD-Spain study can provide careful outcomes to understand the impact of <dis>mental disorders</dis> in Spain.

Background and objective The ESEMeD-Spain project is an epidemiological study about mental disorders in Spain. We present 12 month-prevalence and lifetime-prevalence of the main mood, anxiety and alcohol use disorders; the influence of sociodemographic factors on its presence and age of onset of the disorders. Subjects and method Cross-sectional household survey of a representative sample of the population of Spain 18 years or older. Sample size was 5.473 individuals. The WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMHCIDI) was used. Response rate was 78.6%. Results have been weighted to represent the population of Spain. Results 19.5% of the individuals presented a mental disorder sometime in their lifetime (lifetime- prevalence) and 8.4% in the last 12 months (12 month- prevalence). The most frequent mental disorder was major depressive episode, with a 12-month prevalence of 3.9% and a lifetime- prevalence of 10.5%. The other most lifetime prevalent disorders were specific phobia, alcohol abuse disorder, and disthymia. Factors associated to presenting a mental disorder were being female, being separated, divorced or widowed, and being unemployed, on sick leave or incapacitated. Social phobia, agoraphobia and specific phobia appear at younger ages, while mood disorders and panic disorder appears later in life. Conclusions The ESEMeD-Spain study can provide careful outcomes to understand the impact of mental disorders in Spain.

Social phobia, agoraphobia and specific phobia appear at younger ages, while mood disorders and panic disorder appears later in life. Conclusions The ESEMeD-Spain study can provide careful outcomes to understand the impact of mental disorders in Spain.

S0025775306719698

Prevalence of mental disorders and associated factors: results from the ESEMeD-Spain study

Key words Epidemiology Mental disorders Europe Age of onset Depressive disorders Anxiety disorders

Background and objective The ESEMeD-Spain project is an epidemiological study about <dis>mental disorders</dis> in Spain. We present 12 month-prevalence and lifetime-prevalence of the main mood, anxiety and alcohol use disorders; the influence of sociodemographic factors on its presence and age of onset of the disorders. Subjects and method Cross-sectional household survey of a representative sample of the population of Spain 18 years or older. Sample size was 5.473 individuals. The WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMHCIDI) was used. Response rate was 78.6%. Results have been weighted to represent the population of Spain. Results 19.5% of the individuals presented a <dis>mental disorder</dis> sometime in their lifetime (lifetime- prevalence) and 8.4% in the last 12 months (12 month- prevalence). The most frequent <dis>mental disorder</dis> was major depressive episode, with a 12-month prevalence of 3.9% and a lifetime- prevalence of 10.5%. The other most lifetime prevalent disorders were specific phobia, alcohol abuse disorder, and disthymia. Factors associated to presenting a <dis>mental disorder</dis> were being female, being separated, divorced or widowed, and being unemployed, on sick leave or incapacitated. Social phobia, agoraphobia and specific phobia appear at younger ages, while mood disorders and panic disorder appears later in life. Conclusions The ESEMeD-Spain study can provide careful outcomes to understand the impact of <dis>mental disorders</dis> in Spain.

Background and objective The ESEMeD-Spain project is an epidemiological study about mental disorders in Spain. We present 12 month-prevalence and lifetime-prevalence of the main mood, anxiety and alcohol use disorders; the influence of sociodemographic factors on its presence and age of onset of the disorders. Subjects and method Cross-sectional household survey of a representative sample of the population of Spain 18 years or older. Sample size was 5.473 individuals. The WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMHCIDI) was used. Response rate was 78.6%. Results have been weighted to represent the population of Spain. Results 19.5% of the individuals presented a mental disorder sometime in their lifetime (lifetime- prevalence) and 8.4% in the last 12 months (12 month- prevalence). The most frequent mental disorder was major depressive episode, with a 12-month prevalence of 3.9% and a lifetime- prevalence of 10.5%. The other most lifetime prevalent disorders were specific phobia, alcohol abuse disorder, and disthymia. Factors associated to presenting a mental disorder were being female, being separated, divorced or widowed, and being unemployed, on sick leave or incapacitated. Social phobia, agoraphobia and specific phobia appear at younger ages, while mood disorders and panic disorder appears later in life. Conclusions The ESEMeD-Spain study can provide careful outcomes to understand the impact of mental disorders in Spain.

Introduction This paper analyses the correlations between scores on scales assessing impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in patients with peripheral facial palsy (PFP). Material and methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 30 patients in whom PFP had not resolved completely.

S0213485317301615

Correlations between impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in peripheral facial palsy

Keywords Peripheral facial palsy Impairment Psychological distress Physical disability Social disability Quality of life

Introduction This paper analyses the correlations between scores on scales assessing impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in patients with <dis>peripheral facial palsy</dis> (<dis>PFP</dis>). Material and methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 30 patients in whom <dis>PFP</dis> had not resolved completely. We used tools for assessing impairment (Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [FGS]), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), disability (Facial Disability Index [FDI]), and quality of life (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation [FaCE] scale). Results We found no correlations between FGS and HADS scores, or between FGS and FDI social function scores. However, we did find a correlation between FGS and FDI physical function scores (r=0.54; P<.01), FDI total score (r=0.4; P<.05), FaCE total scores (ρ=0.66; P<.01), and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.5; P<.01). We also observed a correlation between HADS Anxiety scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.55; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.49; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.46; P<.05). Significant correlations were also found between HADS Depression scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.61; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.53; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.66; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.67; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.68; P<.01), between FDI physical function scores and FaCE total scores (ρ=0.87; P<.01) and FaCE social function (ρ=0.74; P<.01), between FDI social function and FaCE total (ρ=0.66; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.72; P<.01), and between FDI total scores and FaCE total (ρ = 0,87; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.84; P<.01). Conclusion In our sample, patients with more severe impairment displayed greater <dis>physical and global disability</dis> and poorer quality of life without significantly higher levels of <dis>social disability</dis> and psychological distress. Patients with more disability experienced greater psychological distress and had a poorer quality of life. Lastly, patients with more psychological distress also had a poorer quality of life.

Introduction This paper analyses the correlations between scores on scales assessing impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in patients with peripheral facial palsy (PFP). Material and methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 30 patients in whom PFP had not resolved completely. We used tools for assessing impairment (Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [FGS]), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), disability (Facial Disability Index [FDI]), and quality of life (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation [FaCE] scale). Results We found no correlations between FGS and HADS scores, or between FGS and FDI social function scores. However, we did find a correlation between FGS and FDI physical function scores (r=0.54; P<.01), FDI total score (r=0.4; P<.05), FaCE total scores (ρ=0.66; P<.01), and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.5; P<.01). We also observed a correlation between HADS Anxiety scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.55; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.49; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.46; P<.05). Significant correlations were also found between HADS Depression scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.61; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.53; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.66; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.67; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.68; P<.01), between FDI physical function scores and FaCE total scores (ρ=0.87; P<.01) and FaCE social function (ρ=0.74; P<.01), between FDI social function and FaCE total (ρ=0.66; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.72; P<.01), and between FDI total scores and FaCE total (ρ = 0,87; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.84; P<.01). Conclusion In our sample, patients with more severe impairment displayed greater physical and global disability and poorer quality of life without significantly higher levels of social disability and psychological distress. Patients with more disability experienced greater psychological distress and had a poorer quality of life. Lastly, patients with more psychological distress also had a poorer quality of life.

We used tools for assessing impairment (Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [FGS]), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), disability (Facial Disability Index [FDI]), and quality of life (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation [FaCE] scale). Results We found no correlations between FGS and HADS scores, or between FGS and FDI social function scores.

S0213485317301615

Correlations between impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in peripheral facial palsy

Keywords Peripheral facial palsy Impairment Psychological distress Physical disability Social disability Quality of life

Introduction This paper analyses the correlations between scores on scales assessing impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in patients with <dis>peripheral facial palsy</dis> (<dis>PFP</dis>). Material and methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 30 patients in whom <dis>PFP</dis> had not resolved completely. We used tools for assessing impairment (Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [FGS]), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), disability (Facial Disability Index [FDI]), and quality of life (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation [FaCE] scale). Results We found no correlations between FGS and HADS scores, or between FGS and FDI social function scores. However, we did find a correlation between FGS and FDI physical function scores (r=0.54; P<.01), FDI total score (r=0.4; P<.05), FaCE total scores (ρ=0.66; P<.01), and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.5; P<.01). We also observed a correlation between HADS Anxiety scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.55; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.49; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.46; P<.05). Significant correlations were also found between HADS Depression scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.61; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.53; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.66; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.67; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.68; P<.01), between FDI physical function scores and FaCE total scores (ρ=0.87; P<.01) and FaCE social function (ρ=0.74; P<.01), between FDI social function and FaCE total (ρ=0.66; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.72; P<.01), and between FDI total scores and FaCE total (ρ = 0,87; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.84; P<.01). Conclusion In our sample, patients with more severe impairment displayed greater <dis>physical and global disability</dis> and poorer quality of life without significantly higher levels of <dis>social disability</dis> and psychological distress. Patients with more disability experienced greater psychological distress and had a poorer quality of life. Lastly, patients with more psychological distress also had a poorer quality of life.

Introduction This paper analyses the correlations between scores on scales assessing impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in patients with peripheral facial palsy (PFP). Material and methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 30 patients in whom PFP had not resolved completely. We used tools for assessing impairment (Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [FGS]), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), disability (Facial Disability Index [FDI]), and quality of life (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation [FaCE] scale). Results We found no correlations between FGS and HADS scores, or between FGS and FDI social function scores. However, we did find a correlation between FGS and FDI physical function scores (r=0.54; P<.01), FDI total score (r=0.4; P<.05), FaCE total scores (ρ=0.66; P<.01), and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.5; P<.01). We also observed a correlation between HADS Anxiety scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.55; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.49; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.46; P<.05). Significant correlations were also found between HADS Depression scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.61; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.53; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.66; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.67; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.68; P<.01), between FDI physical function scores and FaCE total scores (ρ=0.87; P<.01) and FaCE social function (ρ=0.74; P<.01), between FDI social function and FaCE total (ρ=0.66; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.72; P<.01), and between FDI total scores and FaCE total (ρ = 0,87; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.84; P<.01). Conclusion In our sample, patients with more severe impairment displayed greater physical and global disability and poorer quality of life without significantly higher levels of social disability and psychological distress. Patients with more disability experienced greater psychological distress and had a poorer quality of life. Lastly, patients with more psychological distress also had a poorer quality of life.

However, we did find a correlation between FGS and FDI physical function scores (r=0.54; P<.01), FDI total score (r=0.4; P<.05), FaCE total scores (ρ=0.66; P<.01), and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.5; P<.01).

S0213485317301615

Correlations between impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in peripheral facial palsy

Keywords Peripheral facial palsy Impairment Psychological distress Physical disability Social disability Quality of life

Introduction This paper analyses the correlations between scores on scales assessing impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in patients with <dis>peripheral facial palsy</dis> (<dis>PFP</dis>). Material and methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 30 patients in whom <dis>PFP</dis> had not resolved completely. We used tools for assessing impairment (Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [FGS]), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), disability (Facial Disability Index [FDI]), and quality of life (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation [FaCE] scale). Results We found no correlations between FGS and HADS scores, or between FGS and FDI social function scores. However, we did find a correlation between FGS and FDI physical function scores (r=0.54; P<.01), FDI total score (r=0.4; P<.05), FaCE total scores (ρ=0.66; P<.01), and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.5; P<.01). We also observed a correlation between HADS Anxiety scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.55; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.49; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.46; P<.05). Significant correlations were also found between HADS Depression scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.61; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.53; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.66; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.67; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.68; P<.01), between FDI physical function scores and FaCE total scores (ρ=0.87; P<.01) and FaCE social function (ρ=0.74; P<.01), between FDI social function and FaCE total (ρ=0.66; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.72; P<.01), and between FDI total scores and FaCE total (ρ = 0,87; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.84; P<.01). Conclusion In our sample, patients with more severe impairment displayed greater <dis>physical and global disability</dis> and poorer quality of life without significantly higher levels of <dis>social disability</dis> and psychological distress. Patients with more disability experienced greater psychological distress and had a poorer quality of life. Lastly, patients with more psychological distress also had a poorer quality of life.

Introduction This paper analyses the correlations between scores on scales assessing impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in patients with peripheral facial palsy (PFP). Material and methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 30 patients in whom PFP had not resolved completely. We used tools for assessing impairment (Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [FGS]), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), disability (Facial Disability Index [FDI]), and quality of life (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation [FaCE] scale). Results We found no correlations between FGS and HADS scores, or between FGS and FDI social function scores. However, we did find a correlation between FGS and FDI physical function scores (r=0.54; P<.01), FDI total score (r=0.4; P<.05), FaCE total scores (ρ=0.66; P<.01), and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.5; P<.01). We also observed a correlation between HADS Anxiety scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.55; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.49; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.46; P<.05). Significant correlations were also found between HADS Depression scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.61; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.53; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.66; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.67; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.68; P<.01), between FDI physical function scores and FaCE total scores (ρ=0.87; P<.01) and FaCE social function (ρ=0.74; P<.01), between FDI social function and FaCE total (ρ=0.66; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.72; P<.01), and between FDI total scores and FaCE total (ρ = 0,87; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.84; P<.01). Conclusion In our sample, patients with more severe impairment displayed greater physical and global disability and poorer quality of life without significantly higher levels of social disability and psychological distress. Patients with more disability experienced greater psychological distress and had a poorer quality of life. Lastly, patients with more psychological distress also had a poorer quality of life.

We also observed a correlation between HADS Anxiety scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.55; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.49; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.46; P<.05).

S0213485317301615

Correlations between impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in peripheral facial palsy

Keywords Peripheral facial palsy Impairment Psychological distress Physical disability Social disability Quality of life

Introduction This paper analyses the correlations between scores on scales assessing impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in patients with <dis>peripheral facial palsy</dis> (<dis>PFP</dis>). Material and methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 30 patients in whom <dis>PFP</dis> had not resolved completely. We used tools for assessing impairment (Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [FGS]), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), disability (Facial Disability Index [FDI]), and quality of life (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation [FaCE] scale). Results We found no correlations between FGS and HADS scores, or between FGS and FDI social function scores. However, we did find a correlation between FGS and FDI physical function scores (r=0.54; P<.01), FDI total score (r=0.4; P<.05), FaCE total scores (ρ=0.66; P<.01), and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.5; P<.01). We also observed a correlation between HADS Anxiety scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.55; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.49; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.46; P<.05). Significant correlations were also found between HADS Depression scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.61; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.53; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.66; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.67; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.68; P<.01), between FDI physical function scores and FaCE total scores (ρ=0.87; P<.01) and FaCE social function (ρ=0.74; P<.01), between FDI social function and FaCE total (ρ=0.66; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.72; P<.01), and between FDI total scores and FaCE total (ρ = 0,87; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.84; P<.01). Conclusion In our sample, patients with more severe impairment displayed greater <dis>physical and global disability</dis> and poorer quality of life without significantly higher levels of <dis>social disability</dis> and psychological distress. Patients with more disability experienced greater psychological distress and had a poorer quality of life. Lastly, patients with more psychological distress also had a poorer quality of life.

Introduction This paper analyses the correlations between scores on scales assessing impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in patients with peripheral facial palsy (PFP). Material and methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 30 patients in whom PFP had not resolved completely. We used tools for assessing impairment (Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [FGS]), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), disability (Facial Disability Index [FDI]), and quality of life (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation [FaCE] scale). Results We found no correlations between FGS and HADS scores, or between FGS and FDI social function scores. However, we did find a correlation between FGS and FDI physical function scores (r=0.54; P<.01), FDI total score (r=0.4; P<.05), FaCE total scores (ρ=0.66; P<.01), and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.5; P<.01). We also observed a correlation between HADS Anxiety scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.55; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.49; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.46; P<.05). Significant correlations were also found between HADS Depression scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.61; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.53; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.66; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.67; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.68; P<.01), between FDI physical function scores and FaCE total scores (ρ=0.87; P<.01) and FaCE social function (ρ=0.74; P<.01), between FDI social function and FaCE total (ρ=0.66; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.72; P<.01), and between FDI total scores and FaCE total (ρ = 0,87; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.84; P<.01). Conclusion In our sample, patients with more severe impairment displayed greater physical and global disability and poorer quality of life without significantly higher levels of social disability and psychological distress. Patients with more disability experienced greater psychological distress and had a poorer quality of life. Lastly, patients with more psychological distress also had a poorer quality of life.

Significant correlations were also found between HADS Depression scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.61; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.53; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.66; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.67; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.68; P<.01), between FDI physical function scores and FaCE total scores (ρ=0.87; P<.01) and FaCE social function (ρ=0.74; P<.01), between FDI social function and FaCE total (ρ=0.66; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.72; P<.01), and between FDI total scores and FaCE total (ρ = 0,87; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.84; P<.01).

S0213485317301615

Correlations between impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in peripheral facial palsy

Keywords Peripheral facial palsy Impairment Psychological distress Physical disability Social disability Quality of life

Introduction This paper analyses the correlations between scores on scales assessing impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in patients with <dis>peripheral facial palsy</dis> (<dis>PFP</dis>). Material and methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 30 patients in whom <dis>PFP</dis> had not resolved completely. We used tools for assessing impairment (Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [FGS]), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), disability (Facial Disability Index [FDI]), and quality of life (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation [FaCE] scale). Results We found no correlations between FGS and HADS scores, or between FGS and FDI social function scores. However, we did find a correlation between FGS and FDI physical function scores (r=0.54; P<.01), FDI total score (r=0.4; P<.05), FaCE total scores (ρ=0.66; P<.01), and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.5; P<.01). We also observed a correlation between HADS Anxiety scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.55; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.49; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.46; P<.05). Significant correlations were also found between HADS Depression scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.61; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.53; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.66; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.67; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.68; P<.01), between FDI physical function scores and FaCE total scores (ρ=0.87; P<.01) and FaCE social function (ρ=0.74; P<.01), between FDI social function and FaCE total (ρ=0.66; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.72; P<.01), and between FDI total scores and FaCE total (ρ = 0,87; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.84; P<.01). Conclusion In our sample, patients with more severe impairment displayed greater <dis>physical and global disability</dis> and poorer quality of life without significantly higher levels of <dis>social disability</dis> and psychological distress. Patients with more disability experienced greater psychological distress and had a poorer quality of life. Lastly, patients with more psychological distress also had a poorer quality of life.

Introduction This paper analyses the correlations between scores on scales assessing impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in patients with peripheral facial palsy (PFP). Material and methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 30 patients in whom PFP had not resolved completely. We used tools for assessing impairment (Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [FGS]), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), disability (Facial Disability Index [FDI]), and quality of life (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation [FaCE] scale). Results We found no correlations between FGS and HADS scores, or between FGS and FDI social function scores. However, we did find a correlation between FGS and FDI physical function scores (r=0.54; P<.01), FDI total score (r=0.4; P<.05), FaCE total scores (ρ=0.66; P<.01), and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.5; P<.01). We also observed a correlation between HADS Anxiety scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.55; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.49; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.46; P<.05). Significant correlations were also found between HADS Depression scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.61; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.53; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.66; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.67; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.68; P<.01), between FDI physical function scores and FaCE total scores (ρ=0.87; P<.01) and FaCE social function (ρ=0.74; P<.01), between FDI social function and FaCE total (ρ=0.66; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.72; P<.01), and between FDI total scores and FaCE total (ρ = 0,87; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.84; P<.01). Conclusion In our sample, patients with more severe impairment displayed greater physical and global disability and poorer quality of life without significantly higher levels of social disability and psychological distress. Patients with more disability experienced greater psychological distress and had a poorer quality of life. Lastly, patients with more psychological distress also had a poorer quality of life.

Conclusion In our sample, patients with more severe impairment displayed greater physical and global disability and poorer quality of life without significantly higher levels of social disability and psychological distress. Patients with more disability experienced greater psychological distress and had a poorer quality of life. Lastly, patients with more psychological distress also had a poorer quality of life.

S0213485317301615

Correlations between impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in peripheral facial palsy

Keywords Peripheral facial palsy Impairment Psychological distress Physical disability Social disability Quality of life

Introduction This paper analyses the correlations between scores on scales assessing impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in patients with <dis>peripheral facial palsy</dis> (<dis>PFP</dis>). Material and methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 30 patients in whom <dis>PFP</dis> had not resolved completely. We used tools for assessing impairment (Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [FGS]), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), disability (Facial Disability Index [FDI]), and quality of life (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation [FaCE] scale). Results We found no correlations between FGS and HADS scores, or between FGS and FDI social function scores. However, we did find a correlation between FGS and FDI physical function scores (r=0.54; P<.01), FDI total score (r=0.4; P<.05), FaCE total scores (ρ=0.66; P<.01), and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.5; P<.01). We also observed a correlation between HADS Anxiety scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.55; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.49; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.46; P<.05). Significant correlations were also found between HADS Depression scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.61; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.53; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.66; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.67; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.68; P<.01), between FDI physical function scores and FaCE total scores (ρ=0.87; P<.01) and FaCE social function (ρ=0.74; P<.01), between FDI social function and FaCE total (ρ=0.66; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.72; P<.01), and between FDI total scores and FaCE total (ρ = 0,87; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.84; P<.01). Conclusion In our sample, patients with more severe impairment displayed greater <dis>physical and global disability</dis> and poorer quality of life without significantly higher levels of <dis>social disability</dis> and psychological distress. Patients with more disability experienced greater psychological distress and had a poorer quality of life. Lastly, patients with more psychological distress also had a poorer quality of life.

Introduction This paper analyses the correlations between scores on scales assessing impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in patients with peripheral facial palsy (PFP). Material and methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 30 patients in whom PFP had not resolved completely. We used tools for assessing impairment (Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [FGS]), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), disability (Facial Disability Index [FDI]), and quality of life (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation [FaCE] scale). Results We found no correlations between FGS and HADS scores, or between FGS and FDI social function scores. However, we did find a correlation between FGS and FDI physical function scores (r=0.54; P<.01), FDI total score (r=0.4; P<.05), FaCE total scores (ρ=0.66; P<.01), and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.5; P<.01). We also observed a correlation between HADS Anxiety scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.47; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.55; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.49; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.46; P<.05). Significant correlations were also found between HADS Depression scores and FDI physical function (r=–0.61; P<.01), FDI social function (r=–0.53; P<.01), FDI total (r=–0.66; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ=–0.67; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ=–0.68; P<.01), between FDI physical function scores and FaCE total scores (ρ=0.87; P<.01) and FaCE social function (ρ=0.74; P<.01), between FDI social function and FaCE total (ρ=0.66; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.72; P<.01), and between FDI total scores and FaCE total (ρ = 0,87; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ=0.84; P<.01). Conclusion In our sample, patients with more severe impairment displayed greater physical and global disability and poorer quality of life without significantly higher levels of social disability and psychological distress. Patients with more disability experienced greater psychological distress and had a poorer quality of life. Lastly, patients with more psychological distress also had a poorer quality of life.

The features of Wernicke's encephalopathy have been described as a combination of confusion, ocular abnormalities, and ataxia. Encephalopathy can complicate hyperemesis gravidarum because it impairs correct absorption of an adequate amount of thiamine and can cause electrolyte imbalance.

S0304501315001375

Wernicke's encephalopathy as complication of hyperemesis gravidarum

Keywords Wernicke's encephalopathy Hyperemesis gravidarum Thiamine Pregnancy

The features of Wernicke's encephalopathy have been described as a combination of confusion, ocular abnormalities, and <dis>ataxia</dis>. Encephalopathy can complicate hyperemesis gravidarum because it impairs correct absorption of an adequate amount of thiamine and can cause electrolyte imbalance. We present the case of a 22-year-old primipara who was admitted to hospital due to lethargy, generalized weakness, ophthalmoplegia, <dis>language disturbance</dis>, and weight loss in her 12th week of pregnancy. The patient had a history of hyperemesis gravidarum three weeks before admission. Physical examination revealed a lethargic patient with horizontal nystagmus, <dis>ataxia</dis>, and symmetric hyporeflexia. Parenteral thiamine therapy was started. The patient recovered from the neurological deficits after 6 weeks of treatment.

The features of Wernicke's encephalopathy have been described as a combination of confusion, ocular abnormalities, and ataxia. Encephalopathy can complicate hyperemesis gravidarum because it impairs correct absorption of an adequate amount of thiamine and can cause electrolyte imbalance. We present the case of a 22-year-old primipara who was admitted to hospital due to lethargy, generalized weakness, ophthalmoplegia, language disturbance, and weight loss in her 12th week of pregnancy. The patient had a history of hyperemesis gravidarum three weeks before admission. Physical examination revealed a lethargic patient with horizontal nystagmus, ataxia, and symmetric hyporeflexia. Parenteral thiamine therapy was started. The patient recovered from the neurological deficits after 6 weeks of treatment.

We present the case of a 22-year-old primipara who was admitted to hospital due to lethargy, generalized weakness, ophthalmoplegia, language disturbance, and weight loss in her 12th week of pregnancy. The patient had a history of hyperemesis gravidarum three weeks before admission. Physical examination revealed a lethargic patient with horizontal nystagmus, ataxia, and symmetric hyporeflexia. Parenteral thiamine therapy was started.

S0304501315001375

Wernicke's encephalopathy as complication of hyperemesis gravidarum

Keywords Wernicke's encephalopathy Hyperemesis gravidarum Thiamine Pregnancy

The features of Wernicke's encephalopathy have been described as a combination of confusion, ocular abnormalities, and <dis>ataxia</dis>. Encephalopathy can complicate hyperemesis gravidarum because it impairs correct absorption of an adequate amount of thiamine and can cause electrolyte imbalance. We present the case of a 22-year-old primipara who was admitted to hospital due to lethargy, generalized weakness, ophthalmoplegia, <dis>language disturbance</dis>, and weight loss in her 12th week of pregnancy. The patient had a history of hyperemesis gravidarum three weeks before admission. Physical examination revealed a lethargic patient with horizontal nystagmus, <dis>ataxia</dis>, and symmetric hyporeflexia. Parenteral thiamine therapy was started. The patient recovered from the neurological deficits after 6 weeks of treatment.

The features of Wernicke's encephalopathy have been described as a combination of confusion, ocular abnormalities, and ataxia. Encephalopathy can complicate hyperemesis gravidarum because it impairs correct absorption of an adequate amount of thiamine and can cause electrolyte imbalance. We present the case of a 22-year-old primipara who was admitted to hospital due to lethargy, generalized weakness, ophthalmoplegia, language disturbance, and weight loss in her 12th week of pregnancy. The patient had a history of hyperemesis gravidarum three weeks before admission. Physical examination revealed a lethargic patient with horizontal nystagmus, ataxia, and symmetric hyporeflexia. Parenteral thiamine therapy was started. The patient recovered from the neurological deficits after 6 weeks of treatment.

The patient recovered from the neurological deficits after 6 weeks of treatment.

S0304501315001375

Wernicke's encephalopathy as complication of hyperemesis gravidarum

Keywords Wernicke's encephalopathy Hyperemesis gravidarum Thiamine Pregnancy

The features of Wernicke's encephalopathy have been described as a combination of confusion, ocular abnormalities, and <dis>ataxia</dis>. Encephalopathy can complicate hyperemesis gravidarum because it impairs correct absorption of an adequate amount of thiamine and can cause electrolyte imbalance. We present the case of a 22-year-old primipara who was admitted to hospital due to lethargy, generalized weakness, ophthalmoplegia, <dis>language disturbance</dis>, and weight loss in her 12th week of pregnancy. The patient had a history of hyperemesis gravidarum three weeks before admission. Physical examination revealed a lethargic patient with horizontal nystagmus, <dis>ataxia</dis>, and symmetric hyporeflexia. Parenteral thiamine therapy was started. The patient recovered from the neurological deficits after 6 weeks of treatment.

The features of Wernicke's encephalopathy have been described as a combination of confusion, ocular abnormalities, and ataxia. Encephalopathy can complicate hyperemesis gravidarum because it impairs correct absorption of an adequate amount of thiamine and can cause electrolyte imbalance. We present the case of a 22-year-old primipara who was admitted to hospital due to lethargy, generalized weakness, ophthalmoplegia, language disturbance, and weight loss in her 12th week of pregnancy. The patient had a history of hyperemesis gravidarum three weeks before admission. Physical examination revealed a lethargic patient with horizontal nystagmus, ataxia, and symmetric hyporeflexia. Parenteral thiamine therapy was started. The patient recovered from the neurological deficits after 6 weeks of treatment.

Objective To analyse the nutritional status of patients older than 65 years included in the home care program (PAD). Design Croos-sectional study. Emplacement 3 urban health centers. Participants 218 patients in the PAD. Method Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire (MNA) was applied. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, dependency, emotional and cognitive status and analytical parameters: 57 variables were collected. Possible associations were analysed by applying the chi square and variance analysis.

S0212656716304255

Study of the nutritional status of patients over 65 years included in the home care program in an urban population

Keywords Nutrition Malnutrition Elderly Evaluation Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)

Objective To analyse the nutritional status of patients older than 65 years included in the home care program (PAD). Design Croos-sectional study. Emplacement 3 urban health centers. Participants 218 patients in the PAD. Method Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire (MNA) was applied. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, dependency, emotional and cognitive status and analytical parameters: 57 variables were collected. Possible associations were analysed by applying the chi square and variance analysis. The level of significance was considered to be P<.05 was considered. Results The mean age was 83.9 years (SD=7.4); 34.9% were institutionalized and 80.7% were women; 21.2% of patients were malnourished and 40.1% were at risk of it. A significant association was established between poorer nutritional status and older age, lower BMI, greater <dis>dependence on basic and instrumental activities of daily living</dis> and greater <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>. The lowest mean hemoglobin, albumin, and iron levels were also associated with malnutrition and risk of malnutrition. Conclusions More than half of PAD patients are malnourished or at risk for it, and a high proportion of them some laboratory abnormality susceptible to be corrected. Most <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> and <dis>functional dependence</dis> are closely related to malnutrition; so patients with these characteristics should receive more attention from the nutritional point of view.

Objective To analyse the nutritional status of patients older than 65 years included in the home care program (PAD). Design Croos-sectional study. Emplacement 3 urban health centers. Participants 218 patients in the PAD. Method Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire (MNA) was applied. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, dependency, emotional and cognitive status and analytical parameters: 57 variables were collected. Possible associations were analysed by applying the chi square and variance analysis. The level of significance was considered to be P<.05 was considered. Results The mean age was 83.9 years (SD=7.4); 34.9% were institutionalized and 80.7% were women; 21.2% of patients were malnourished and 40.1% were at risk of it. A significant association was established between poorer nutritional status and older age, lower BMI, greater dependence on basic and instrumental activities of daily living and greater cognitive impairment. The lowest mean hemoglobin, albumin, and iron levels were also associated with malnutrition and risk of malnutrition. Conclusions More than half of PAD patients are malnourished or at risk for it, and a high proportion of them some laboratory abnormality susceptible to be corrected. Most cognitive impairment and functional dependence are closely related to malnutrition; so patients with these characteristics should receive more attention from the nutritional point of view.

The level of significance was considered to be P<.05 was considered. Results The mean age was 83.9 years (SD=7.4); 34.9% were institutionalized and 80.7% were women; 21.2% of patients were malnourished and 40.1% were at risk of it.

S0212656716304255

Study of the nutritional status of patients over 65 years included in the home care program in an urban population

Keywords Nutrition Malnutrition Elderly Evaluation Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)

Objective To analyse the nutritional status of patients older than 65 years included in the home care program (PAD). Design Croos-sectional study. Emplacement 3 urban health centers. Participants 218 patients in the PAD. Method Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire (MNA) was applied. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, dependency, emotional and cognitive status and analytical parameters: 57 variables were collected. Possible associations were analysed by applying the chi square and variance analysis. The level of significance was considered to be P<.05 was considered. Results The mean age was 83.9 years (SD=7.4); 34.9% were institutionalized and 80.7% were women; 21.2% of patients were malnourished and 40.1% were at risk of it. A significant association was established between poorer nutritional status and older age, lower BMI, greater <dis>dependence on basic and instrumental activities of daily living</dis> and greater <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>. The lowest mean hemoglobin, albumin, and iron levels were also associated with malnutrition and risk of malnutrition. Conclusions More than half of PAD patients are malnourished or at risk for it, and a high proportion of them some laboratory abnormality susceptible to be corrected. Most <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> and <dis>functional dependence</dis> are closely related to malnutrition; so patients with these characteristics should receive more attention from the nutritional point of view.

Objective To analyse the nutritional status of patients older than 65 years included in the home care program (PAD). Design Croos-sectional study. Emplacement 3 urban health centers. Participants 218 patients in the PAD. Method Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire (MNA) was applied. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, dependency, emotional and cognitive status and analytical parameters: 57 variables were collected. Possible associations were analysed by applying the chi square and variance analysis. The level of significance was considered to be P<.05 was considered. Results The mean age was 83.9 years (SD=7.4); 34.9% were institutionalized and 80.7% were women; 21.2% of patients were malnourished and 40.1% were at risk of it. A significant association was established between poorer nutritional status and older age, lower BMI, greater dependence on basic and instrumental activities of daily living and greater cognitive impairment. The lowest mean hemoglobin, albumin, and iron levels were also associated with malnutrition and risk of malnutrition. Conclusions More than half of PAD patients are malnourished or at risk for it, and a high proportion of them some laboratory abnormality susceptible to be corrected. Most cognitive impairment and functional dependence are closely related to malnutrition; so patients with these characteristics should receive more attention from the nutritional point of view.

A significant association was established between poorer nutritional status and older age, lower BMI, greater dependence on basic and instrumental activities of daily living and greater cognitive impairment. The lowest mean hemoglobin, albumin, and iron levels were also associated with malnutrition and risk of malnutrition. Conclusions More than half of PAD patients are malnourished or at risk for it, and a high proportion of them some laboratory abnormality susceptible to be corrected.

S0212656716304255

Study of the nutritional status of patients over 65 years included in the home care program in an urban population

Keywords Nutrition Malnutrition Elderly Evaluation Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)

Objective To analyse the nutritional status of patients older than 65 years included in the home care program (PAD). Design Croos-sectional study. Emplacement 3 urban health centers. Participants 218 patients in the PAD. Method Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire (MNA) was applied. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, dependency, emotional and cognitive status and analytical parameters: 57 variables were collected. Possible associations were analysed by applying the chi square and variance analysis. The level of significance was considered to be P<.05 was considered. Results The mean age was 83.9 years (SD=7.4); 34.9% were institutionalized and 80.7% were women; 21.2% of patients were malnourished and 40.1% were at risk of it. A significant association was established between poorer nutritional status and older age, lower BMI, greater <dis>dependence on basic and instrumental activities of daily living</dis> and greater <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>. The lowest mean hemoglobin, albumin, and iron levels were also associated with malnutrition and risk of malnutrition. Conclusions More than half of PAD patients are malnourished or at risk for it, and a high proportion of them some laboratory abnormality susceptible to be corrected. Most <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> and <dis>functional dependence</dis> are closely related to malnutrition; so patients with these characteristics should receive more attention from the nutritional point of view.

Objective To analyse the nutritional status of patients older than 65 years included in the home care program (PAD). Design Croos-sectional study. Emplacement 3 urban health centers. Participants 218 patients in the PAD. Method Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire (MNA) was applied. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, dependency, emotional and cognitive status and analytical parameters: 57 variables were collected. Possible associations were analysed by applying the chi square and variance analysis. The level of significance was considered to be P<.05 was considered. Results The mean age was 83.9 years (SD=7.4); 34.9% were institutionalized and 80.7% were women; 21.2% of patients were malnourished and 40.1% were at risk of it. A significant association was established between poorer nutritional status and older age, lower BMI, greater dependence on basic and instrumental activities of daily living and greater cognitive impairment. The lowest mean hemoglobin, albumin, and iron levels were also associated with malnutrition and risk of malnutrition. Conclusions More than half of PAD patients are malnourished or at risk for it, and a high proportion of them some laboratory abnormality susceptible to be corrected. Most cognitive impairment and functional dependence are closely related to malnutrition; so patients with these characteristics should receive more attention from the nutritional point of view.

Most cognitive impairment and functional dependence are closely related to malnutrition; so patients with these characteristics should receive more attention from the nutritional point of view.

S0212656716304255

Study of the nutritional status of patients over 65 years included in the home care program in an urban population

Keywords Nutrition Malnutrition Elderly Evaluation Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)

Objective To analyse the nutritional status of patients older than 65 years included in the home care program (PAD). Design Croos-sectional study. Emplacement 3 urban health centers. Participants 218 patients in the PAD. Method Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire (MNA) was applied. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, dependency, emotional and cognitive status and analytical parameters: 57 variables were collected. Possible associations were analysed by applying the chi square and variance analysis. The level of significance was considered to be P<.05 was considered. Results The mean age was 83.9 years (SD=7.4); 34.9% were institutionalized and 80.7% were women; 21.2% of patients were malnourished and 40.1% were at risk of it. A significant association was established between poorer nutritional status and older age, lower BMI, greater <dis>dependence on basic and instrumental activities of daily living</dis> and greater <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>. The lowest mean hemoglobin, albumin, and iron levels were also associated with malnutrition and risk of malnutrition. Conclusions More than half of PAD patients are malnourished or at risk for it, and a high proportion of them some laboratory abnormality susceptible to be corrected. Most <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> and <dis>functional dependence</dis> are closely related to malnutrition; so patients with these characteristics should receive more attention from the nutritional point of view.

Objective To analyse the nutritional status of patients older than 65 years included in the home care program (PAD). Design Croos-sectional study. Emplacement 3 urban health centers. Participants 218 patients in the PAD. Method Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire (MNA) was applied. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, dependency, emotional and cognitive status and analytical parameters: 57 variables were collected. Possible associations were analysed by applying the chi square and variance analysis. The level of significance was considered to be P<.05 was considered. Results The mean age was 83.9 years (SD=7.4); 34.9% were institutionalized and 80.7% were women; 21.2% of patients were malnourished and 40.1% were at risk of it. A significant association was established between poorer nutritional status and older age, lower BMI, greater dependence on basic and instrumental activities of daily living and greater cognitive impairment. The lowest mean hemoglobin, albumin, and iron levels were also associated with malnutrition and risk of malnutrition. Conclusions More than half of PAD patients are malnourished or at risk for it, and a high proportion of them some laboratory abnormality susceptible to be corrected. Most cognitive impairment and functional dependence are closely related to malnutrition; so patients with these characteristics should receive more attention from the nutritional point of view.

Abstract Introduction Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a clinical syndrome characterised by a progressive decline in language and speech of neurodegenerative origin. Major breakthroughs made in recent years have lent us a better understanding of this syndrome, which may be the first manifestation of any of a number of neurodegenerative diseases.

S2173580813000898

Primary progressive aphasia: From syndrome to disease

Keywords Primary progressive aphasia Frontotemporal dementia Alzheimer disease Tauopathies Frontotemporal lobar degeneration Logopenic Semantic dementia

Abstract Introduction <dis>Primary progressive aphasia</dis> (<dis>PPA</dis>) is a clinical syndrome characterised by a <dis>progressive decline in language and speech of neurodegenerative origin</dis>. Major breakthroughs made in recent years have lent us a better understanding of this syndrome, which may be the first manifestation of any of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Development We reviewed the main aspects of <dis>PPA</dis> epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, aetiology and treatment. Most cases manifest sporadically and the typical age of onset is between 50 and 70 years. Three clinically distinct variants have been described: <dis>nonfluent or agrammatic PPA</dis>, <dis>semantic PPA</dis> and <dis>logopenic PPA</dis>. Each of these variants tends to be associated with specific histopathological findings, but clinical diagnostic methods are imperfect predictors of underlying pathology. Anatomical and functional neuroimaging can provide useful biomarkers. Several treatments have been proposed, and while no clear benefits have been demonstrated, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may be useful, especially in the logopenic variant. Conclusions PPA is an emerging syndrome which may be more prevalent than we might expect. It was previously listed as part of the <dis>frontotemporal dementia spectrum</dis>, and it is also related to Alzheimer disease. Clinical diagnosis, complemented by a biomarker evaluation, may predict the underlying pathology, which in turn will improve treatment possibilities.

Abstract Introduction Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a clinical syndrome characterised by a progressive decline in language and speech of neurodegenerative origin. Major breakthroughs made in recent years have lent us a better understanding of this syndrome, which may be the first manifestation of any of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Development We reviewed the main aspects of PPA epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, aetiology and treatment. Most cases manifest sporadically and the typical age of onset is between 50 and 70 years. Three clinically distinct variants have been described: nonfluent or agrammatic PPA, semantic PPA and logopenic PPA. Each of these variants tends to be associated with specific histopathological findings, but clinical diagnostic methods are imperfect predictors of underlying pathology. Anatomical and functional neuroimaging can provide useful biomarkers. Several treatments have been proposed, and while no clear benefits have been demonstrated, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may be useful, especially in the logopenic variant. Conclusions PPA is an emerging syndrome which may be more prevalent than we might expect. It was previously listed as part of the frontotemporal dementia spectrum, and it is also related to Alzheimer disease. Clinical diagnosis, complemented by a biomarker evaluation, may predict the underlying pathology, which in turn will improve treatment possibilities.

Development We reviewed the main aspects of PPA epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, aetiology and treatment. Most cases manifest sporadically and the typical age of onset is between 50 and 70 years. Three clinically distinct variants have been described: nonfluent or agrammatic PPA, semantic PPA and logopenic PPA.

S2173580813000898

Primary progressive aphasia: From syndrome to disease

Keywords Primary progressive aphasia Frontotemporal dementia Alzheimer disease Tauopathies Frontotemporal lobar degeneration Logopenic Semantic dementia

Abstract Introduction <dis>Primary progressive aphasia</dis> (<dis>PPA</dis>) is a clinical syndrome characterised by a <dis>progressive decline in language and speech of neurodegenerative origin</dis>. Major breakthroughs made in recent years have lent us a better understanding of this syndrome, which may be the first manifestation of any of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Development We reviewed the main aspects of <dis>PPA</dis> epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, aetiology and treatment. Most cases manifest sporadically and the typical age of onset is between 50 and 70 years. Three clinically distinct variants have been described: <dis>nonfluent or agrammatic PPA</dis>, <dis>semantic PPA</dis> and <dis>logopenic PPA</dis>. Each of these variants tends to be associated with specific histopathological findings, but clinical diagnostic methods are imperfect predictors of underlying pathology. Anatomical and functional neuroimaging can provide useful biomarkers. Several treatments have been proposed, and while no clear benefits have been demonstrated, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may be useful, especially in the logopenic variant. Conclusions PPA is an emerging syndrome which may be more prevalent than we might expect. It was previously listed as part of the <dis>frontotemporal dementia spectrum</dis>, and it is also related to Alzheimer disease. Clinical diagnosis, complemented by a biomarker evaluation, may predict the underlying pathology, which in turn will improve treatment possibilities.

Abstract Introduction Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a clinical syndrome characterised by a progressive decline in language and speech of neurodegenerative origin. Major breakthroughs made in recent years have lent us a better understanding of this syndrome, which may be the first manifestation of any of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Development We reviewed the main aspects of PPA epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, aetiology and treatment. Most cases manifest sporadically and the typical age of onset is between 50 and 70 years. Three clinically distinct variants have been described: nonfluent or agrammatic PPA, semantic PPA and logopenic PPA. Each of these variants tends to be associated with specific histopathological findings, but clinical diagnostic methods are imperfect predictors of underlying pathology. Anatomical and functional neuroimaging can provide useful biomarkers. Several treatments have been proposed, and while no clear benefits have been demonstrated, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may be useful, especially in the logopenic variant. Conclusions PPA is an emerging syndrome which may be more prevalent than we might expect. It was previously listed as part of the frontotemporal dementia spectrum, and it is also related to Alzheimer disease. Clinical diagnosis, complemented by a biomarker evaluation, may predict the underlying pathology, which in turn will improve treatment possibilities.

Each of these variants tends to be associated with specific histopathological findings, but clinical diagnostic methods are imperfect predictors of underlying pathology. Anatomical and functional neuroimaging can provide useful biomarkers. Several treatments have been proposed, and while no clear benefits have been demonstrated, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may be useful, especially in the logopenic variant. Conclusions PPA is an emerging syndrome which may be more prevalent than we might expect.

S2173580813000898

Primary progressive aphasia: From syndrome to disease

Keywords Primary progressive aphasia Frontotemporal dementia Alzheimer disease Tauopathies Frontotemporal lobar degeneration Logopenic Semantic dementia

Abstract Introduction <dis>Primary progressive aphasia</dis> (<dis>PPA</dis>) is a clinical syndrome characterised by a <dis>progressive decline in language and speech of neurodegenerative origin</dis>. Major breakthroughs made in recent years have lent us a better understanding of this syndrome, which may be the first manifestation of any of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Development We reviewed the main aspects of <dis>PPA</dis> epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, aetiology and treatment. Most cases manifest sporadically and the typical age of onset is between 50 and 70 years. Three clinically distinct variants have been described: <dis>nonfluent or agrammatic PPA</dis>, <dis>semantic PPA</dis> and <dis>logopenic PPA</dis>. Each of these variants tends to be associated with specific histopathological findings, but clinical diagnostic methods are imperfect predictors of underlying pathology. Anatomical and functional neuroimaging can provide useful biomarkers. Several treatments have been proposed, and while no clear benefits have been demonstrated, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may be useful, especially in the logopenic variant. Conclusions PPA is an emerging syndrome which may be more prevalent than we might expect. It was previously listed as part of the <dis>frontotemporal dementia spectrum</dis>, and it is also related to Alzheimer disease. Clinical diagnosis, complemented by a biomarker evaluation, may predict the underlying pathology, which in turn will improve treatment possibilities.

Abstract Introduction Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a clinical syndrome characterised by a progressive decline in language and speech of neurodegenerative origin. Major breakthroughs made in recent years have lent us a better understanding of this syndrome, which may be the first manifestation of any of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Development We reviewed the main aspects of PPA epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, aetiology and treatment. Most cases manifest sporadically and the typical age of onset is between 50 and 70 years. Three clinically distinct variants have been described: nonfluent or agrammatic PPA, semantic PPA and logopenic PPA. Each of these variants tends to be associated with specific histopathological findings, but clinical diagnostic methods are imperfect predictors of underlying pathology. Anatomical and functional neuroimaging can provide useful biomarkers. Several treatments have been proposed, and while no clear benefits have been demonstrated, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may be useful, especially in the logopenic variant. Conclusions PPA is an emerging syndrome which may be more prevalent than we might expect. It was previously listed as part of the frontotemporal dementia spectrum, and it is also related to Alzheimer disease. Clinical diagnosis, complemented by a biomarker evaluation, may predict the underlying pathology, which in turn will improve treatment possibilities.

It was previously listed as part of the frontotemporal dementia spectrum, and it is also related to Alzheimer disease. Clinical diagnosis, complemented by a biomarker evaluation, may predict the underlying pathology, which in turn will improve treatment possibilities.

S2173580813000898

Primary progressive aphasia: From syndrome to disease

Keywords Primary progressive aphasia Frontotemporal dementia Alzheimer disease Tauopathies Frontotemporal lobar degeneration Logopenic Semantic dementia

Abstract Introduction <dis>Primary progressive aphasia</dis> (<dis>PPA</dis>) is a clinical syndrome characterised by a <dis>progressive decline in language and speech of neurodegenerative origin</dis>. Major breakthroughs made in recent years have lent us a better understanding of this syndrome, which may be the first manifestation of any of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Development We reviewed the main aspects of <dis>PPA</dis> epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, aetiology and treatment. Most cases manifest sporadically and the typical age of onset is between 50 and 70 years. Three clinically distinct variants have been described: <dis>nonfluent or agrammatic PPA</dis>, <dis>semantic PPA</dis> and <dis>logopenic PPA</dis>. Each of these variants tends to be associated with specific histopathological findings, but clinical diagnostic methods are imperfect predictors of underlying pathology. Anatomical and functional neuroimaging can provide useful biomarkers. Several treatments have been proposed, and while no clear benefits have been demonstrated, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may be useful, especially in the logopenic variant. Conclusions PPA is an emerging syndrome which may be more prevalent than we might expect. It was previously listed as part of the <dis>frontotemporal dementia spectrum</dis>, and it is also related to Alzheimer disease. Clinical diagnosis, complemented by a biomarker evaluation, may predict the underlying pathology, which in turn will improve treatment possibilities.

Abstract Introduction Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a clinical syndrome characterised by a progressive decline in language and speech of neurodegenerative origin. Major breakthroughs made in recent years have lent us a better understanding of this syndrome, which may be the first manifestation of any of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Development We reviewed the main aspects of PPA epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, aetiology and treatment. Most cases manifest sporadically and the typical age of onset is between 50 and 70 years. Three clinically distinct variants have been described: nonfluent or agrammatic PPA, semantic PPA and logopenic PPA. Each of these variants tends to be associated with specific histopathological findings, but clinical diagnostic methods are imperfect predictors of underlying pathology. Anatomical and functional neuroimaging can provide useful biomarkers. Several treatments have been proposed, and while no clear benefits have been demonstrated, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may be useful, especially in the logopenic variant. Conclusions PPA is an emerging syndrome which may be more prevalent than we might expect. It was previously listed as part of the frontotemporal dementia spectrum, and it is also related to Alzheimer disease. Clinical diagnosis, complemented by a biomarker evaluation, may predict the underlying pathology, which in turn will improve treatment possibilities.

Abstract Isolated congenital hypoaldosteronism is a rare disorder that presents as chronic salt-wasting syndrome during infancy. Aldosterone synthase deficiency due to mutations in _CYP11B2_ is the underlying cause in most cases. Apart from the classical electrolyte disturbances (hyponatremia and hyperkalemia), no other extra-adrenal features have been described to date.

S1695403310002109

Primary hypoaldosteronism and moderate bilateral deafness in a child with a homozygous missense mutation (Thr318Met) in the CYP11B2 gene

Keywords Hypoaldosteronism Hypocusia CYP11B2

Abstract Isolated congenital hypoaldosteronism is a rare disorder that presents as chronic salt-wasting syndrome during infancy. Aldosterone synthase deficiency due to mutations in _CYP11B2_ is the underlying cause in most cases. Apart from the classical electrolyte disturbances (hyponatremia and hyperkalemia), no other extra-adrenal features have been described to date. We report a male child with congenital hypoaldosteronism due to a homozygous missense mutation (Thr318Met) in _CYP11B2_ who also presented with <dis>unexplained sensorineural hearing loss</dis>.

Abstract Isolated congenital hypoaldosteronism is a rare disorder that presents as chronic salt-wasting syndrome during infancy. Aldosterone synthase deficiency due to mutations in _CYP11B2_ is the underlying cause in most cases. Apart from the classical electrolyte disturbances (hyponatremia and hyperkalemia), no other extra-adrenal features have been described to date. We report a male child with congenital hypoaldosteronism due to a homozygous missense mutation (Thr318Met) in _CYP11B2_ who also presented with unexplained sensorineural hearing loss.

We report a male child with congenital hypoaldosteronism due to a homozygous missense mutation (Thr318Met) in _CYP11B2_ who also presented with unexplained sensorineural hearing loss.

S1695403310002109

Primary hypoaldosteronism and moderate bilateral deafness in a child with a homozygous missense mutation (Thr318Met) in the CYP11B2 gene

Keywords Hypoaldosteronism Hypocusia CYP11B2

Abstract Isolated congenital hypoaldosteronism is a rare disorder that presents as chronic salt-wasting syndrome during infancy. Aldosterone synthase deficiency due to mutations in _CYP11B2_ is the underlying cause in most cases. Apart from the classical electrolyte disturbances (hyponatremia and hyperkalemia), no other extra-adrenal features have been described to date. We report a male child with congenital hypoaldosteronism due to a homozygous missense mutation (Thr318Met) in _CYP11B2_ who also presented with <dis>unexplained sensorineural hearing loss</dis>.

Abstract Isolated congenital hypoaldosteronism is a rare disorder that presents as chronic salt-wasting syndrome during infancy. Aldosterone synthase deficiency due to mutations in _CYP11B2_ is the underlying cause in most cases. Apart from the classical electrolyte disturbances (hyponatremia and hyperkalemia), no other extra-adrenal features have been described to date. We report a male child with congenital hypoaldosteronism due to a homozygous missense mutation (Thr318Met) in _CYP11B2_ who also presented with unexplained sensorineural hearing loss.

Abstract Life expectancy for people with severe mental disorders is up to 25 years less in comparison to the general population, mainly due to diseases caused or worsened by smoking. However, smoking is usually a neglected issue in mental healthcare settings. The aim of this article is to describe a strategy to improve tobacco control in the hospital mental healthcare services of Catalonia (Spain).

S0213911116300802

Deconstructing myths, building alliances: a networking model to enhance tobacco control in hospital mental health settings

Keywords Smoking Tobacco Hospitals Mental health services Psychiatry Public health

Abstract Life expectancy for people with <dis>severe mental disorders</dis> is up to 25 years less in comparison to the general population, mainly due to diseases caused or worsened by smoking. However, smoking is usually a neglected issue in mental healthcare settings. The aim of this article is to describe a strategy to improve tobacco control in the hospital mental healthcare services of Catalonia (Spain). To bridge this gap, the Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals launched a nationwide bottom-up strategy in Catalonia in 2007. The strategy relied on the creation of a working group of key professionals from various hospitals —the early adopters— based on Rogers’ theory of the Diffusion of Innovations. In 2016, the working group is composed of professionals from 17 hospitals (70.8% of all hospitals in the region with mental health inpatient units). Since 2007, tobacco control has improved in different areas such as increasing mental health professionals’ awareness of smoking, training professionals on smoking cessation interventions and achieving good compliance with the national smoking ban. The working group has produced and disseminated various materials, including clinical practice and best practice guidelines, implemented smoking cessation programmes and organised seminars and training sessions on smoking cessation measures in patients with <dis>mental illnesses</dis>. The next challenge is to ensure effective follow-up for smoking cessation after discharge. While some areas of tobacco control within these services still require significant improvement, the aforementioned initiative promotes successful tobacco control in these settings.

Abstract Life expectancy for people with severe mental disorders is up to 25 years less in comparison to the general population, mainly due to diseases caused or worsened by smoking. However, smoking is usually a neglected issue in mental healthcare settings. The aim of this article is to describe a strategy to improve tobacco control in the hospital mental healthcare services of Catalonia (Spain). To bridge this gap, the Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals launched a nationwide bottom-up strategy in Catalonia in 2007. The strategy relied on the creation of a working group of key professionals from various hospitals —the early adopters— based on Rogers’ theory of the Diffusion of Innovations. In 2016, the working group is composed of professionals from 17 hospitals (70.8% of all hospitals in the region with mental health inpatient units). Since 2007, tobacco control has improved in different areas such as increasing mental health professionals’ awareness of smoking, training professionals on smoking cessation interventions and achieving good compliance with the national smoking ban. The working group has produced and disseminated various materials, including clinical practice and best practice guidelines, implemented smoking cessation programmes and organised seminars and training sessions on smoking cessation measures in patients with mental illnesses. The next challenge is to ensure effective follow-up for smoking cessation after discharge. While some areas of tobacco control within these services still require significant improvement, the aforementioned initiative promotes successful tobacco control in these settings.

To bridge this gap, the Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals launched a nationwide bottom-up strategy in Catalonia in 2007. The strategy relied on the creation of a working group of key professionals from various hospitals —the early adopters— based on Rogers’ theory of the Diffusion of Innovations. In 2016, the working group is composed of professionals from 17 hospitals (70.8% of all hospitals in the region with mental health inpatient units).

S0213911116300802

Deconstructing myths, building alliances: a networking model to enhance tobacco control in hospital mental health settings

Keywords Smoking Tobacco Hospitals Mental health services Psychiatry Public health

Abstract Life expectancy for people with <dis>severe mental disorders</dis> is up to 25 years less in comparison to the general population, mainly due to diseases caused or worsened by smoking. However, smoking is usually a neglected issue in mental healthcare settings. The aim of this article is to describe a strategy to improve tobacco control in the hospital mental healthcare services of Catalonia (Spain). To bridge this gap, the Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals launched a nationwide bottom-up strategy in Catalonia in 2007. The strategy relied on the creation of a working group of key professionals from various hospitals —the early adopters— based on Rogers’ theory of the Diffusion of Innovations. In 2016, the working group is composed of professionals from 17 hospitals (70.8% of all hospitals in the region with mental health inpatient units). Since 2007, tobacco control has improved in different areas such as increasing mental health professionals’ awareness of smoking, training professionals on smoking cessation interventions and achieving good compliance with the national smoking ban. The working group has produced and disseminated various materials, including clinical practice and best practice guidelines, implemented smoking cessation programmes and organised seminars and training sessions on smoking cessation measures in patients with <dis>mental illnesses</dis>. The next challenge is to ensure effective follow-up for smoking cessation after discharge. While some areas of tobacco control within these services still require significant improvement, the aforementioned initiative promotes successful tobacco control in these settings.

Abstract Life expectancy for people with severe mental disorders is up to 25 years less in comparison to the general population, mainly due to diseases caused or worsened by smoking. However, smoking is usually a neglected issue in mental healthcare settings. The aim of this article is to describe a strategy to improve tobacco control in the hospital mental healthcare services of Catalonia (Spain). To bridge this gap, the Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals launched a nationwide bottom-up strategy in Catalonia in 2007. The strategy relied on the creation of a working group of key professionals from various hospitals —the early adopters— based on Rogers’ theory of the Diffusion of Innovations. In 2016, the working group is composed of professionals from 17 hospitals (70.8% of all hospitals in the region with mental health inpatient units). Since 2007, tobacco control has improved in different areas such as increasing mental health professionals’ awareness of smoking, training professionals on smoking cessation interventions and achieving good compliance with the national smoking ban. The working group has produced and disseminated various materials, including clinical practice and best practice guidelines, implemented smoking cessation programmes and organised seminars and training sessions on smoking cessation measures in patients with mental illnesses. The next challenge is to ensure effective follow-up for smoking cessation after discharge. While some areas of tobacco control within these services still require significant improvement, the aforementioned initiative promotes successful tobacco control in these settings.

Since 2007, tobacco control has improved in different areas such as increasing mental health professionals’ awareness of smoking, training professionals on smoking cessation interventions and achieving good compliance with the national smoking ban. The working group has produced and disseminated various materials, including clinical practice and best practice guidelines, implemented smoking cessation programmes and organised seminars and training sessions on smoking cessation measures in patients with mental illnesses.

S0213911116300802

Deconstructing myths, building alliances: a networking model to enhance tobacco control in hospital mental health settings

Keywords Smoking Tobacco Hospitals Mental health services Psychiatry Public health

Abstract Life expectancy for people with <dis>severe mental disorders</dis> is up to 25 years less in comparison to the general population, mainly due to diseases caused or worsened by smoking. However, smoking is usually a neglected issue in mental healthcare settings. The aim of this article is to describe a strategy to improve tobacco control in the hospital mental healthcare services of Catalonia (Spain). To bridge this gap, the Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals launched a nationwide bottom-up strategy in Catalonia in 2007. The strategy relied on the creation of a working group of key professionals from various hospitals —the early adopters— based on Rogers’ theory of the Diffusion of Innovations. In 2016, the working group is composed of professionals from 17 hospitals (70.8% of all hospitals in the region with mental health inpatient units). Since 2007, tobacco control has improved in different areas such as increasing mental health professionals’ awareness of smoking, training professionals on smoking cessation interventions and achieving good compliance with the national smoking ban. The working group has produced and disseminated various materials, including clinical practice and best practice guidelines, implemented smoking cessation programmes and organised seminars and training sessions on smoking cessation measures in patients with <dis>mental illnesses</dis>. The next challenge is to ensure effective follow-up for smoking cessation after discharge. While some areas of tobacco control within these services still require significant improvement, the aforementioned initiative promotes successful tobacco control in these settings.

Abstract Life expectancy for people with severe mental disorders is up to 25 years less in comparison to the general population, mainly due to diseases caused or worsened by smoking. However, smoking is usually a neglected issue in mental healthcare settings. The aim of this article is to describe a strategy to improve tobacco control in the hospital mental healthcare services of Catalonia (Spain). To bridge this gap, the Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals launched a nationwide bottom-up strategy in Catalonia in 2007. The strategy relied on the creation of a working group of key professionals from various hospitals —the early adopters— based on Rogers’ theory of the Diffusion of Innovations. In 2016, the working group is composed of professionals from 17 hospitals (70.8% of all hospitals in the region with mental health inpatient units). Since 2007, tobacco control has improved in different areas such as increasing mental health professionals’ awareness of smoking, training professionals on smoking cessation interventions and achieving good compliance with the national smoking ban. The working group has produced and disseminated various materials, including clinical practice and best practice guidelines, implemented smoking cessation programmes and organised seminars and training sessions on smoking cessation measures in patients with mental illnesses. The next challenge is to ensure effective follow-up for smoking cessation after discharge. While some areas of tobacco control within these services still require significant improvement, the aforementioned initiative promotes successful tobacco control in these settings.

The next challenge is to ensure effective follow-up for smoking cessation after discharge. While some areas of tobacco control within these services still require significant improvement, the aforementioned initiative promotes successful tobacco control in these settings.

S0213911116300802

Deconstructing myths, building alliances: a networking model to enhance tobacco control in hospital mental health settings

Keywords Smoking Tobacco Hospitals Mental health services Psychiatry Public health

Abstract Life expectancy for people with <dis>severe mental disorders</dis> is up to 25 years less in comparison to the general population, mainly due to diseases caused or worsened by smoking. However, smoking is usually a neglected issue in mental healthcare settings. The aim of this article is to describe a strategy to improve tobacco control in the hospital mental healthcare services of Catalonia (Spain). To bridge this gap, the Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals launched a nationwide bottom-up strategy in Catalonia in 2007. The strategy relied on the creation of a working group of key professionals from various hospitals —the early adopters— based on Rogers’ theory of the Diffusion of Innovations. In 2016, the working group is composed of professionals from 17 hospitals (70.8% of all hospitals in the region with mental health inpatient units). Since 2007, tobacco control has improved in different areas such as increasing mental health professionals’ awareness of smoking, training professionals on smoking cessation interventions and achieving good compliance with the national smoking ban. The working group has produced and disseminated various materials, including clinical practice and best practice guidelines, implemented smoking cessation programmes and organised seminars and training sessions on smoking cessation measures in patients with <dis>mental illnesses</dis>. The next challenge is to ensure effective follow-up for smoking cessation after discharge. While some areas of tobacco control within these services still require significant improvement, the aforementioned initiative promotes successful tobacco control in these settings.

Abstract Life expectancy for people with severe mental disorders is up to 25 years less in comparison to the general population, mainly due to diseases caused or worsened by smoking. However, smoking is usually a neglected issue in mental healthcare settings. The aim of this article is to describe a strategy to improve tobacco control in the hospital mental healthcare services of Catalonia (Spain). To bridge this gap, the Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals launched a nationwide bottom-up strategy in Catalonia in 2007. The strategy relied on the creation of a working group of key professionals from various hospitals —the early adopters— based on Rogers’ theory of the Diffusion of Innovations. In 2016, the working group is composed of professionals from 17 hospitals (70.8% of all hospitals in the region with mental health inpatient units). Since 2007, tobacco control has improved in different areas such as increasing mental health professionals’ awareness of smoking, training professionals on smoking cessation interventions and achieving good compliance with the national smoking ban. The working group has produced and disseminated various materials, including clinical practice and best practice guidelines, implemented smoking cessation programmes and organised seminars and training sessions on smoking cessation measures in patients with mental illnesses. The next challenge is to ensure effective follow-up for smoking cessation after discharge. While some areas of tobacco control within these services still require significant improvement, the aforementioned initiative promotes successful tobacco control in these settings.