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Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered the most common cause of blindness in the working-age population in industrialised countries, with diabetic macular oedema being the most common reason of decreased visual acuity in diabetics. According to the results of large multicentre studies, blindness prevention for RD involves conducting periodic check-ups, which include examinations of the back of the eye, so they can be treated in time.

S1138359315002488

Update of diabetic retinopathy for Primary Care physicians: Towards an improvement of telematic medicine

Keywords Diabetic retinopathy Macular oedema Telemedicine Prevention and control

Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered the most common cause of <dis>blindness</dis> in the working-age population in industrialised countries, with diabetic macular oedema being the most common reason of decreased visual acuity in diabetics. According to the results of large multicentre studies, <dis>blindness</dis> prevention for RD involves conducting periodic check-ups, which include examinations of the back of the eye, so they can be treated in time. The use of non-mydriatic cameras and telemedicine have been shown to be useful in this regard (sensitivity > 80% and specificity > 90%). If this procedure is followed, the first retinography should be performed 5 years from diagnosis in type 1 diabetics and immediately after diagnosis in type 2 diabetics. Therefore the role of the Primary Care physician is crucial to enable early diagnosis of this disease.

Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered the most common cause of blindness in the working-age population in industrialised countries, with diabetic macular oedema being the most common reason of decreased visual acuity in diabetics. According to the results of large multicentre studies, blindness prevention for RD involves conducting periodic check-ups, which include examinations of the back of the eye, so they can be treated in time. The use of non-mydriatic cameras and telemedicine have been shown to be useful in this regard (sensitivity > 80% and specificity > 90%). If this procedure is followed, the first retinography should be performed 5 years from diagnosis in type 1 diabetics and immediately after diagnosis in type 2 diabetics. Therefore the role of the Primary Care physician is crucial to enable early diagnosis of this disease.

The use of non-mydriatic cameras and telemedicine have been shown to be useful in this regard (sensitivity > 80% and specificity > 90%). If this procedure is followed, the first retinography should be performed 5 years from diagnosis in type 1 diabetics and immediately after diagnosis in type 2 diabetics. Therefore the role of the Primary Care physician is crucial to enable early diagnosis of this disease.

S1138359315002488

Update of diabetic retinopathy for Primary Care physicians: Towards an improvement of telematic medicine

Keywords Diabetic retinopathy Macular oedema Telemedicine Prevention and control

Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered the most common cause of <dis>blindness</dis> in the working-age population in industrialised countries, with diabetic macular oedema being the most common reason of decreased visual acuity in diabetics. According to the results of large multicentre studies, <dis>blindness</dis> prevention for RD involves conducting periodic check-ups, which include examinations of the back of the eye, so they can be treated in time. The use of non-mydriatic cameras and telemedicine have been shown to be useful in this regard (sensitivity > 80% and specificity > 90%). If this procedure is followed, the first retinography should be performed 5 years from diagnosis in type 1 diabetics and immediately after diagnosis in type 2 diabetics. Therefore the role of the Primary Care physician is crucial to enable early diagnosis of this disease.

Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered the most common cause of blindness in the working-age population in industrialised countries, with diabetic macular oedema being the most common reason of decreased visual acuity in diabetics. According to the results of large multicentre studies, blindness prevention for RD involves conducting periodic check-ups, which include examinations of the back of the eye, so they can be treated in time. The use of non-mydriatic cameras and telemedicine have been shown to be useful in this regard (sensitivity > 80% and specificity > 90%). If this procedure is followed, the first retinography should be performed 5 years from diagnosis in type 1 diabetics and immediately after diagnosis in type 2 diabetics. Therefore the role of the Primary Care physician is crucial to enable early diagnosis of this disease.

We present and review a case of evident comorbidity, not only psychiatric but also neurologic and substance abuse disorder, in an adult patient with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

S1134593409718986

Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: apropos of a case

Key words Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Substance abuse disorder Obsessive compulsive disorder Psychiatric comorbidity Psychostimulant Antidepressants

We present and review a case of evident comorbidity, not only psychiatric but also neurologic and substance abuse disorder, in an adult patient with <dis>attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</dis>.

We present and review a case of evident comorbidity, not only psychiatric but also neurologic and substance abuse disorder, in an adult patient with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features and prognostic indicators of pneumococcal meningitis in children admitted to a children's hospital in Madrid. Patients and method We retrospectively studied 28 children with a diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis based on identification of S. pneumoniae in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid between 1990 and 1999.

S1695403300774236

Pneumococcal meningitis in children. review of 28 cases

Key words Meningitis S pneumoniae Deafness Coma Children

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features and prognostic indicators of pneumococcal meningitis in children admitted to a children's hospital in Madrid. Patients and method We retrospectively studied 28 children with a diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis based on identification of S. pneumoniae in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid between 1990 and 1999. None of the children had previous immunological deficit or had received antipneumococ-cal vaccine. Results The mean age of patients was 2.7 ± 2.9 years (range: 2 months to 11 years). Eighty-two percent of the children were younger than 5 years old. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The most frequent signs on admission were fever (100%), vomiting (57%), headache and irritability (53%), and shock (10%). Neurologic findings were lowered level of consciousness in 22 patients (mean Glasgow Coma Scale score 9.9 ± 3.9); seizures in 15 (53%); neck stiffness in 12 patients (42%) and arreactive mydriasis in 9 patients (32%). Twenty patients (71%) required admission to the intensive care unit. On discharge 15 patients (53%) had no sequelae; 8 patients (28%) suffered <dis>deafness</dis>; 4 (14%) had <dis>hemiparesis</dis>; 2 (7%) had severe hydrocephalus and 1 patient (3.5%) had <dis>mental retardation</dis>. Four patients (14%) died. Findings with the strongest predictive value for death or <dis>deafness</dis> (p > 0.05) were coma and alterations in cranial computer tomography (CT). Seizures, alterations in electroencephalogram (EEG) and hypogly-corrhachia were also prognostic indicators for <dis>deafness</dis> (p < 0.05). Conclusions Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. <dis>Deafness</dis> is one of the most common and serious sequelae of pneu-mococcal meningitis. Sequelae were asociated with coma, alterations in CT scan, seizures and hypoglycorrhachia. The new, antipneumococcal conjugated vaccine will confer effective prevention from the age of 2 months and will produce a dramatic decrease in the incidence of this serious infection.

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features and prognostic indicators of pneumococcal meningitis in children admitted to a children's hospital in Madrid. Patients and method We retrospectively studied 28 children with a diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis based on identification of S. pneumoniae in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid between 1990 and 1999. None of the children had previous immunological deficit or had received antipneumococ-cal vaccine. Results The mean age of patients was 2.7 ± 2.9 years (range: 2 months to 11 years). Eighty-two percent of the children were younger than 5 years old. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The most frequent signs on admission were fever (100%), vomiting (57%), headache and irritability (53%), and shock (10%). Neurologic findings were lowered level of consciousness in 22 patients (mean Glasgow Coma Scale score 9.9 ± 3.9); seizures in 15 (53%); neck stiffness in 12 patients (42%) and arreactive mydriasis in 9 patients (32%). Twenty patients (71%) required admission to the intensive care unit. On discharge 15 patients (53%) had no sequelae; 8 patients (28%) suffered deafness; 4 (14%) had hemiparesis; 2 (7%) had severe hydrocephalus and 1 patient (3.5%) had mental retardation. Four patients (14%) died. Findings with the strongest predictive value for death or deafness (p > 0.05) were coma and alterations in cranial computer tomography (CT). Seizures, alterations in electroencephalogram (EEG) and hypogly-corrhachia were also prognostic indicators for deafness (p < 0.05). Conclusions Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Deafness is one of the most common and serious sequelae of pneu-mococcal meningitis. Sequelae were asociated with coma, alterations in CT scan, seizures and hypoglycorrhachia. The new, antipneumococcal conjugated vaccine will confer effective prevention from the age of 2 months and will produce a dramatic decrease in the incidence of this serious infection.

None of the children had previous immunological deficit or had received antipneumococ-cal vaccine. Results The mean age of patients was 2.7 ± 2.9 years (range: 2 months to 11 years). Eighty-two percent of the children were younger than 5 years old. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The most frequent signs on admission were fever (100%), vomiting (57%), headache and irritability (53%), and shock (10%).

S1695403300774236

Pneumococcal meningitis in children. review of 28 cases

Key words Meningitis S pneumoniae Deafness Coma Children

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features and prognostic indicators of pneumococcal meningitis in children admitted to a children's hospital in Madrid. Patients and method We retrospectively studied 28 children with a diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis based on identification of S. pneumoniae in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid between 1990 and 1999. None of the children had previous immunological deficit or had received antipneumococ-cal vaccine. Results The mean age of patients was 2.7 ± 2.9 years (range: 2 months to 11 years). Eighty-two percent of the children were younger than 5 years old. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The most frequent signs on admission were fever (100%), vomiting (57%), headache and irritability (53%), and shock (10%). Neurologic findings were lowered level of consciousness in 22 patients (mean Glasgow Coma Scale score 9.9 ± 3.9); seizures in 15 (53%); neck stiffness in 12 patients (42%) and arreactive mydriasis in 9 patients (32%). Twenty patients (71%) required admission to the intensive care unit. On discharge 15 patients (53%) had no sequelae; 8 patients (28%) suffered <dis>deafness</dis>; 4 (14%) had <dis>hemiparesis</dis>; 2 (7%) had severe hydrocephalus and 1 patient (3.5%) had <dis>mental retardation</dis>. Four patients (14%) died. Findings with the strongest predictive value for death or <dis>deafness</dis> (p > 0.05) were coma and alterations in cranial computer tomography (CT). Seizures, alterations in electroencephalogram (EEG) and hypogly-corrhachia were also prognostic indicators for <dis>deafness</dis> (p < 0.05). Conclusions Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. <dis>Deafness</dis> is one of the most common and serious sequelae of pneu-mococcal meningitis. Sequelae were asociated with coma, alterations in CT scan, seizures and hypoglycorrhachia. The new, antipneumococcal conjugated vaccine will confer effective prevention from the age of 2 months and will produce a dramatic decrease in the incidence of this serious infection.

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features and prognostic indicators of pneumococcal meningitis in children admitted to a children's hospital in Madrid. Patients and method We retrospectively studied 28 children with a diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis based on identification of S. pneumoniae in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid between 1990 and 1999. None of the children had previous immunological deficit or had received antipneumococ-cal vaccine. Results The mean age of patients was 2.7 ± 2.9 years (range: 2 months to 11 years). Eighty-two percent of the children were younger than 5 years old. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The most frequent signs on admission were fever (100%), vomiting (57%), headache and irritability (53%), and shock (10%). Neurologic findings were lowered level of consciousness in 22 patients (mean Glasgow Coma Scale score 9.9 ± 3.9); seizures in 15 (53%); neck stiffness in 12 patients (42%) and arreactive mydriasis in 9 patients (32%). Twenty patients (71%) required admission to the intensive care unit. On discharge 15 patients (53%) had no sequelae; 8 patients (28%) suffered deafness; 4 (14%) had hemiparesis; 2 (7%) had severe hydrocephalus and 1 patient (3.5%) had mental retardation. Four patients (14%) died. Findings with the strongest predictive value for death or deafness (p > 0.05) were coma and alterations in cranial computer tomography (CT). Seizures, alterations in electroencephalogram (EEG) and hypogly-corrhachia were also prognostic indicators for deafness (p < 0.05). Conclusions Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Deafness is one of the most common and serious sequelae of pneu-mococcal meningitis. Sequelae were asociated with coma, alterations in CT scan, seizures and hypoglycorrhachia. The new, antipneumococcal conjugated vaccine will confer effective prevention from the age of 2 months and will produce a dramatic decrease in the incidence of this serious infection.

Neurologic findings were lowered level of consciousness in 22 patients (mean Glasgow Coma Scale score 9.9 ± 3.9); seizures in 15 (53%); neck stiffness in 12 patients (42%) and arreactive mydriasis in 9 patients (32%). Twenty patients (71%) required admission to the intensive care unit.

S1695403300774236

Pneumococcal meningitis in children. review of 28 cases

Key words Meningitis S pneumoniae Deafness Coma Children

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features and prognostic indicators of pneumococcal meningitis in children admitted to a children's hospital in Madrid. Patients and method We retrospectively studied 28 children with a diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis based on identification of S. pneumoniae in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid between 1990 and 1999. None of the children had previous immunological deficit or had received antipneumococ-cal vaccine. Results The mean age of patients was 2.7 ± 2.9 years (range: 2 months to 11 years). Eighty-two percent of the children were younger than 5 years old. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The most frequent signs on admission were fever (100%), vomiting (57%), headache and irritability (53%), and shock (10%). Neurologic findings were lowered level of consciousness in 22 patients (mean Glasgow Coma Scale score 9.9 ± 3.9); seizures in 15 (53%); neck stiffness in 12 patients (42%) and arreactive mydriasis in 9 patients (32%). Twenty patients (71%) required admission to the intensive care unit. On discharge 15 patients (53%) had no sequelae; 8 patients (28%) suffered <dis>deafness</dis>; 4 (14%) had <dis>hemiparesis</dis>; 2 (7%) had severe hydrocephalus and 1 patient (3.5%) had <dis>mental retardation</dis>. Four patients (14%) died. Findings with the strongest predictive value for death or <dis>deafness</dis> (p > 0.05) were coma and alterations in cranial computer tomography (CT). Seizures, alterations in electroencephalogram (EEG) and hypogly-corrhachia were also prognostic indicators for <dis>deafness</dis> (p < 0.05). Conclusions Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. <dis>Deafness</dis> is one of the most common and serious sequelae of pneu-mococcal meningitis. Sequelae were asociated with coma, alterations in CT scan, seizures and hypoglycorrhachia. The new, antipneumococcal conjugated vaccine will confer effective prevention from the age of 2 months and will produce a dramatic decrease in the incidence of this serious infection.

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features and prognostic indicators of pneumococcal meningitis in children admitted to a children's hospital in Madrid. Patients and method We retrospectively studied 28 children with a diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis based on identification of S. pneumoniae in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid between 1990 and 1999. None of the children had previous immunological deficit or had received antipneumococ-cal vaccine. Results The mean age of patients was 2.7 ± 2.9 years (range: 2 months to 11 years). Eighty-two percent of the children were younger than 5 years old. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The most frequent signs on admission were fever (100%), vomiting (57%), headache and irritability (53%), and shock (10%). Neurologic findings were lowered level of consciousness in 22 patients (mean Glasgow Coma Scale score 9.9 ± 3.9); seizures in 15 (53%); neck stiffness in 12 patients (42%) and arreactive mydriasis in 9 patients (32%). Twenty patients (71%) required admission to the intensive care unit. On discharge 15 patients (53%) had no sequelae; 8 patients (28%) suffered deafness; 4 (14%) had hemiparesis; 2 (7%) had severe hydrocephalus and 1 patient (3.5%) had mental retardation. Four patients (14%) died. Findings with the strongest predictive value for death or deafness (p > 0.05) were coma and alterations in cranial computer tomography (CT). Seizures, alterations in electroencephalogram (EEG) and hypogly-corrhachia were also prognostic indicators for deafness (p < 0.05). Conclusions Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Deafness is one of the most common and serious sequelae of pneu-mococcal meningitis. Sequelae were asociated with coma, alterations in CT scan, seizures and hypoglycorrhachia. The new, antipneumococcal conjugated vaccine will confer effective prevention from the age of 2 months and will produce a dramatic decrease in the incidence of this serious infection.

On discharge 15 patients (53%) had no sequelae; 8 patients (28%) suffered deafness; 4 (14%) had hemiparesis; 2 (7%) had severe hydrocephalus and 1 patient (3.5%) had mental retardation. Four patients (14%) died.

S1695403300774236

Pneumococcal meningitis in children. review of 28 cases

Key words Meningitis S pneumoniae Deafness Coma Children

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features and prognostic indicators of pneumococcal meningitis in children admitted to a children's hospital in Madrid. Patients and method We retrospectively studied 28 children with a diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis based on identification of S. pneumoniae in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid between 1990 and 1999. None of the children had previous immunological deficit or had received antipneumococ-cal vaccine. Results The mean age of patients was 2.7 ± 2.9 years (range: 2 months to 11 years). Eighty-two percent of the children were younger than 5 years old. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The most frequent signs on admission were fever (100%), vomiting (57%), headache and irritability (53%), and shock (10%). Neurologic findings were lowered level of consciousness in 22 patients (mean Glasgow Coma Scale score 9.9 ± 3.9); seizures in 15 (53%); neck stiffness in 12 patients (42%) and arreactive mydriasis in 9 patients (32%). Twenty patients (71%) required admission to the intensive care unit. On discharge 15 patients (53%) had no sequelae; 8 patients (28%) suffered <dis>deafness</dis>; 4 (14%) had <dis>hemiparesis</dis>; 2 (7%) had severe hydrocephalus and 1 patient (3.5%) had <dis>mental retardation</dis>. Four patients (14%) died. Findings with the strongest predictive value for death or <dis>deafness</dis> (p > 0.05) were coma and alterations in cranial computer tomography (CT). Seizures, alterations in electroencephalogram (EEG) and hypogly-corrhachia were also prognostic indicators for <dis>deafness</dis> (p < 0.05). Conclusions Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. <dis>Deafness</dis> is one of the most common and serious sequelae of pneu-mococcal meningitis. Sequelae were asociated with coma, alterations in CT scan, seizures and hypoglycorrhachia. The new, antipneumococcal conjugated vaccine will confer effective prevention from the age of 2 months and will produce a dramatic decrease in the incidence of this serious infection.

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features and prognostic indicators of pneumococcal meningitis in children admitted to a children's hospital in Madrid. Patients and method We retrospectively studied 28 children with a diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis based on identification of S. pneumoniae in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid between 1990 and 1999. None of the children had previous immunological deficit or had received antipneumococ-cal vaccine. Results The mean age of patients was 2.7 ± 2.9 years (range: 2 months to 11 years). Eighty-two percent of the children were younger than 5 years old. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The most frequent signs on admission were fever (100%), vomiting (57%), headache and irritability (53%), and shock (10%). Neurologic findings were lowered level of consciousness in 22 patients (mean Glasgow Coma Scale score 9.9 ± 3.9); seizures in 15 (53%); neck stiffness in 12 patients (42%) and arreactive mydriasis in 9 patients (32%). Twenty patients (71%) required admission to the intensive care unit. On discharge 15 patients (53%) had no sequelae; 8 patients (28%) suffered deafness; 4 (14%) had hemiparesis; 2 (7%) had severe hydrocephalus and 1 patient (3.5%) had mental retardation. Four patients (14%) died. Findings with the strongest predictive value for death or deafness (p > 0.05) were coma and alterations in cranial computer tomography (CT). Seizures, alterations in electroencephalogram (EEG) and hypogly-corrhachia were also prognostic indicators for deafness (p < 0.05). Conclusions Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Deafness is one of the most common and serious sequelae of pneu-mococcal meningitis. Sequelae were asociated with coma, alterations in CT scan, seizures and hypoglycorrhachia. The new, antipneumococcal conjugated vaccine will confer effective prevention from the age of 2 months and will produce a dramatic decrease in the incidence of this serious infection.

Findings with the strongest predictive value for death or deafness (p > 0.05) were coma and alterations in cranial computer tomography (CT). Seizures, alterations in electroencephalogram (EEG) and hypogly-corrhachia were also prognostic indicators for deafness (p < 0.05). Conclusions Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children.

S1695403300774236

Pneumococcal meningitis in children. review of 28 cases

Key words Meningitis S pneumoniae Deafness Coma Children

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features and prognostic indicators of pneumococcal meningitis in children admitted to a children's hospital in Madrid. Patients and method We retrospectively studied 28 children with a diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis based on identification of S. pneumoniae in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid between 1990 and 1999. None of the children had previous immunological deficit or had received antipneumococ-cal vaccine. Results The mean age of patients was 2.7 ± 2.9 years (range: 2 months to 11 years). Eighty-two percent of the children were younger than 5 years old. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The most frequent signs on admission were fever (100%), vomiting (57%), headache and irritability (53%), and shock (10%). Neurologic findings were lowered level of consciousness in 22 patients (mean Glasgow Coma Scale score 9.9 ± 3.9); seizures in 15 (53%); neck stiffness in 12 patients (42%) and arreactive mydriasis in 9 patients (32%). Twenty patients (71%) required admission to the intensive care unit. On discharge 15 patients (53%) had no sequelae; 8 patients (28%) suffered <dis>deafness</dis>; 4 (14%) had <dis>hemiparesis</dis>; 2 (7%) had severe hydrocephalus and 1 patient (3.5%) had <dis>mental retardation</dis>. Four patients (14%) died. Findings with the strongest predictive value for death or <dis>deafness</dis> (p > 0.05) were coma and alterations in cranial computer tomography (CT). Seizures, alterations in electroencephalogram (EEG) and hypogly-corrhachia were also prognostic indicators for <dis>deafness</dis> (p < 0.05). Conclusions Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. <dis>Deafness</dis> is one of the most common and serious sequelae of pneu-mococcal meningitis. Sequelae were asociated with coma, alterations in CT scan, seizures and hypoglycorrhachia. The new, antipneumococcal conjugated vaccine will confer effective prevention from the age of 2 months and will produce a dramatic decrease in the incidence of this serious infection.

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features and prognostic indicators of pneumococcal meningitis in children admitted to a children's hospital in Madrid. Patients and method We retrospectively studied 28 children with a diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis based on identification of S. pneumoniae in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid between 1990 and 1999. None of the children had previous immunological deficit or had received antipneumococ-cal vaccine. Results The mean age of patients was 2.7 ± 2.9 years (range: 2 months to 11 years). Eighty-two percent of the children were younger than 5 years old. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The most frequent signs on admission were fever (100%), vomiting (57%), headache and irritability (53%), and shock (10%). Neurologic findings were lowered level of consciousness in 22 patients (mean Glasgow Coma Scale score 9.9 ± 3.9); seizures in 15 (53%); neck stiffness in 12 patients (42%) and arreactive mydriasis in 9 patients (32%). Twenty patients (71%) required admission to the intensive care unit. On discharge 15 patients (53%) had no sequelae; 8 patients (28%) suffered deafness; 4 (14%) had hemiparesis; 2 (7%) had severe hydrocephalus and 1 patient (3.5%) had mental retardation. Four patients (14%) died. Findings with the strongest predictive value for death or deafness (p > 0.05) were coma and alterations in cranial computer tomography (CT). Seizures, alterations in electroencephalogram (EEG) and hypogly-corrhachia were also prognostic indicators for deafness (p < 0.05). Conclusions Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Deafness is one of the most common and serious sequelae of pneu-mococcal meningitis. Sequelae were asociated with coma, alterations in CT scan, seizures and hypoglycorrhachia. The new, antipneumococcal conjugated vaccine will confer effective prevention from the age of 2 months and will produce a dramatic decrease in the incidence of this serious infection.

Deafness is one of the most common and serious sequelae of pneu-mococcal meningitis. Sequelae were asociated with coma, alterations in CT scan, seizures and hypoglycorrhachia. The new, antipneumococcal conjugated vaccine will confer effective prevention from the age of 2 months and will produce a dramatic decrease in the incidence of this serious infection.

S1695403300774236

Pneumococcal meningitis in children. review of 28 cases

Key words Meningitis S pneumoniae Deafness Coma Children

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features and prognostic indicators of pneumococcal meningitis in children admitted to a children's hospital in Madrid. Patients and method We retrospectively studied 28 children with a diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis based on identification of S. pneumoniae in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid between 1990 and 1999. None of the children had previous immunological deficit or had received antipneumococ-cal vaccine. Results The mean age of patients was 2.7 ± 2.9 years (range: 2 months to 11 years). Eighty-two percent of the children were younger than 5 years old. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The most frequent signs on admission were fever (100%), vomiting (57%), headache and irritability (53%), and shock (10%). Neurologic findings were lowered level of consciousness in 22 patients (mean Glasgow Coma Scale score 9.9 ± 3.9); seizures in 15 (53%); neck stiffness in 12 patients (42%) and arreactive mydriasis in 9 patients (32%). Twenty patients (71%) required admission to the intensive care unit. On discharge 15 patients (53%) had no sequelae; 8 patients (28%) suffered <dis>deafness</dis>; 4 (14%) had <dis>hemiparesis</dis>; 2 (7%) had severe hydrocephalus and 1 patient (3.5%) had <dis>mental retardation</dis>. Four patients (14%) died. Findings with the strongest predictive value for death or <dis>deafness</dis> (p > 0.05) were coma and alterations in cranial computer tomography (CT). Seizures, alterations in electroencephalogram (EEG) and hypogly-corrhachia were also prognostic indicators for <dis>deafness</dis> (p < 0.05). Conclusions Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. <dis>Deafness</dis> is one of the most common and serious sequelae of pneu-mococcal meningitis. Sequelae were asociated with coma, alterations in CT scan, seizures and hypoglycorrhachia. The new, antipneumococcal conjugated vaccine will confer effective prevention from the age of 2 months and will produce a dramatic decrease in the incidence of this serious infection.

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features and prognostic indicators of pneumococcal meningitis in children admitted to a children's hospital in Madrid. Patients and method We retrospectively studied 28 children with a diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis based on identification of S. pneumoniae in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid between 1990 and 1999. None of the children had previous immunological deficit or had received antipneumococ-cal vaccine. Results The mean age of patients was 2.7 ± 2.9 years (range: 2 months to 11 years). Eighty-two percent of the children were younger than 5 years old. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The most frequent signs on admission were fever (100%), vomiting (57%), headache and irritability (53%), and shock (10%). Neurologic findings were lowered level of consciousness in 22 patients (mean Glasgow Coma Scale score 9.9 ± 3.9); seizures in 15 (53%); neck stiffness in 12 patients (42%) and arreactive mydriasis in 9 patients (32%). Twenty patients (71%) required admission to the intensive care unit. On discharge 15 patients (53%) had no sequelae; 8 patients (28%) suffered deafness; 4 (14%) had hemiparesis; 2 (7%) had severe hydrocephalus and 1 patient (3.5%) had mental retardation. Four patients (14%) died. Findings with the strongest predictive value for death or deafness (p > 0.05) were coma and alterations in cranial computer tomography (CT). Seizures, alterations in electroencephalogram (EEG) and hypogly-corrhachia were also prognostic indicators for deafness (p < 0.05). Conclusions Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Deafness is one of the most common and serious sequelae of pneu-mococcal meningitis. Sequelae were asociated with coma, alterations in CT scan, seizures and hypoglycorrhachia. The new, antipneumococcal conjugated vaccine will confer effective prevention from the age of 2 months and will produce a dramatic decrease in the incidence of this serious infection.

Abstract Sudden deafness goes on being a clinical entity of unknown cause for which several theories and treatments have been proposed. We are reporting a comparative study of two different protocols that we have performed on 60 patients (divided in two groups of 30) diagnosed and admitted with sudden hearing loss between 1989 and 2003.

S0001651905785733

Statistical study and clinical results by comparison of two different protocols in the treatment of sudden hearing loss

Key words Sudden deafness Sudden hearing loss Protocol Mann-Whitney

Abstract <dis>Sudden deafness</dis> goes on being a clinical entity of unknown cause for which several theories and treatments have been proposed. We are reporting a comparative study of two different protocols that we have performed on 60 patients (divided in two groups of 30) diagnosed and admitted with <dis>sudden hearing loss</dis> between 1989 and 2003. The main goal is to prove if there is a statistical and significant difference among both, in respect of the audiologic improvement obtained, after two weeks of therapy at east. We have applied the normal approximation of Mann-Whitney´s test and we can argue, after its result, our current protocol (piracetam, pentoxifiline, metilprednisolone), which includes 4 days of endovenous treatment another 10 days at home. The presence of vestibular symptoms darkens the prognosis since about 95% of the patients with them have not improved significantly (p<0.05)

Abstract Sudden deafness goes on being a clinical entity of unknown cause for which several theories and treatments have been proposed. We are reporting a comparative study of two different protocols that we have performed on 60 patients (divided in two groups of 30) diagnosed and admitted with sudden hearing loss between 1989 and 2003. The main goal is to prove if there is a statistical and significant difference among both, in respect of the audiologic improvement obtained, after two weeks of therapy at east. We have applied the normal approximation of Mann-Whitney´s test and we can argue, after its result, our current protocol (piracetam, pentoxifiline, metilprednisolone), which includes 4 days of endovenous treatment another 10 days at home. The presence of vestibular symptoms darkens the prognosis since about 95% of the patients with them have not improved significantly (p<0.05)

The main goal is to prove if there is a statistical and significant difference among both, in respect of the audiologic improvement obtained, after two weeks of therapy at east. We have applied the normal approximation of Mann-Whitney´s test and we can argue, after its result, our current protocol (piracetam, pentoxifiline, metilprednisolone), which includes 4 days of endovenous treatment another 10 days at home.

S0001651905785733

Statistical study and clinical results by comparison of two different protocols in the treatment of sudden hearing loss

Key words Sudden deafness Sudden hearing loss Protocol Mann-Whitney

Abstract <dis>Sudden deafness</dis> goes on being a clinical entity of unknown cause for which several theories and treatments have been proposed. We are reporting a comparative study of two different protocols that we have performed on 60 patients (divided in two groups of 30) diagnosed and admitted with <dis>sudden hearing loss</dis> between 1989 and 2003. The main goal is to prove if there is a statistical and significant difference among both, in respect of the audiologic improvement obtained, after two weeks of therapy at east. We have applied the normal approximation of Mann-Whitney´s test and we can argue, after its result, our current protocol (piracetam, pentoxifiline, metilprednisolone), which includes 4 days of endovenous treatment another 10 days at home. The presence of vestibular symptoms darkens the prognosis since about 95% of the patients with them have not improved significantly (p<0.05)

Abstract Sudden deafness goes on being a clinical entity of unknown cause for which several theories and treatments have been proposed. We are reporting a comparative study of two different protocols that we have performed on 60 patients (divided in two groups of 30) diagnosed and admitted with sudden hearing loss between 1989 and 2003. The main goal is to prove if there is a statistical and significant difference among both, in respect of the audiologic improvement obtained, after two weeks of therapy at east. We have applied the normal approximation of Mann-Whitney´s test and we can argue, after its result, our current protocol (piracetam, pentoxifiline, metilprednisolone), which includes 4 days of endovenous treatment another 10 days at home. The presence of vestibular symptoms darkens the prognosis since about 95% of the patients with them have not improved significantly (p<0.05)

The presence of vestibular symptoms darkens the prognosis since about 95% of the patients with them have not improved significantly (p<0.05)

S0001651905785733

Statistical study and clinical results by comparison of two different protocols in the treatment of sudden hearing loss

Key words Sudden deafness Sudden hearing loss Protocol Mann-Whitney

Abstract <dis>Sudden deafness</dis> goes on being a clinical entity of unknown cause for which several theories and treatments have been proposed. We are reporting a comparative study of two different protocols that we have performed on 60 patients (divided in two groups of 30) diagnosed and admitted with <dis>sudden hearing loss</dis> between 1989 and 2003. The main goal is to prove if there is a statistical and significant difference among both, in respect of the audiologic improvement obtained, after two weeks of therapy at east. We have applied the normal approximation of Mann-Whitney´s test and we can argue, after its result, our current protocol (piracetam, pentoxifiline, metilprednisolone), which includes 4 days of endovenous treatment another 10 days at home. The presence of vestibular symptoms darkens the prognosis since about 95% of the patients with them have not improved significantly (p<0.05)

Abstract Sudden deafness goes on being a clinical entity of unknown cause for which several theories and treatments have been proposed. We are reporting a comparative study of two different protocols that we have performed on 60 patients (divided in two groups of 30) diagnosed and admitted with sudden hearing loss between 1989 and 2003. The main goal is to prove if there is a statistical and significant difference among both, in respect of the audiologic improvement obtained, after two weeks of therapy at east. We have applied the normal approximation of Mann-Whitney´s test and we can argue, after its result, our current protocol (piracetam, pentoxifiline, metilprednisolone), which includes 4 days of endovenous treatment another 10 days at home. The presence of vestibular symptoms darkens the prognosis since about 95% of the patients with them have not improved significantly (p<0.05)

Abstract Rett Syndrome (RS) is a neurological disorder that almost exclusively affects females. RS is characterized by severe mental retardation following a period of apparent normal development in early childhood. The main clinical features include autism, spasticity, microcephaly, scoliosis, stereotyping, abnormal respiratory control and seizures. Patients with RS have been reported to be extremely sensitive to sedatives and exhibit a slow recovery from anesthesia.

S2256208713000849

Anesthetic management of a patient with Rett Syndrome and distal humerus fracture: A case report and literature review

Keywords Rett Syndrome Anesthesia Deep Sedation Analgesia Anesthesia, Conduction Midazolam

Abstract Rett Syndrome (RS) is a neurological disorder that almost exclusively affects females. RS is characterized by <dis>severe mental retardation</dis> following a period of apparent normal development in early childhood. The main clinical features include <dis>autism</dis>, spasticity, microcephaly, scoliosis, stereotyping, abnormal respiratory control and seizures. Patients with RS have been reported to be extremely sensitive to sedatives and exhibit a slow recovery from anesthesia. We describe and discuss the anesthetic management of a 26-year-old woman with RS and distal fracture of the humerus that underwent reduction and fixation with Kirschner's wires under regional anesthesia and sedation. Intraoperatively, the patient experienced respiratory depression following the administration of 1 mg of I.V. midazolam. Our experience in this case led us to conclude and suggest that benzodiazepines should not be used in RS and in the absence of contraindications the technique of choice should be regional anesthesia.

Abstract Rett Syndrome (RS) is a neurological disorder that almost exclusively affects females. RS is characterized by severe mental retardation following a period of apparent normal development in early childhood. The main clinical features include autism, spasticity, microcephaly, scoliosis, stereotyping, abnormal respiratory control and seizures. Patients with RS have been reported to be extremely sensitive to sedatives and exhibit a slow recovery from anesthesia. We describe and discuss the anesthetic management of a 26-year-old woman with RS and distal fracture of the humerus that underwent reduction and fixation with Kirschner's wires under regional anesthesia and sedation. Intraoperatively, the patient experienced respiratory depression following the administration of 1 mg of I.V. midazolam. Our experience in this case led us to conclude and suggest that benzodiazepines should not be used in RS and in the absence of contraindications the technique of choice should be regional anesthesia.

We describe and discuss the anesthetic management of a 26-year-old woman with RS and distal fracture of the humerus that underwent reduction and fixation with Kirschner's wires under regional anesthesia and sedation. Intraoperatively, the patient experienced respiratory depression following the administration of 1 mg of I.V. midazolam.

S2256208713000849

Anesthetic management of a patient with Rett Syndrome and distal humerus fracture: A case report and literature review

Keywords Rett Syndrome Anesthesia Deep Sedation Analgesia Anesthesia, Conduction Midazolam

Abstract Rett Syndrome (RS) is a neurological disorder that almost exclusively affects females. RS is characterized by <dis>severe mental retardation</dis> following a period of apparent normal development in early childhood. The main clinical features include <dis>autism</dis>, spasticity, microcephaly, scoliosis, stereotyping, abnormal respiratory control and seizures. Patients with RS have been reported to be extremely sensitive to sedatives and exhibit a slow recovery from anesthesia. We describe and discuss the anesthetic management of a 26-year-old woman with RS and distal fracture of the humerus that underwent reduction and fixation with Kirschner's wires under regional anesthesia and sedation. Intraoperatively, the patient experienced respiratory depression following the administration of 1 mg of I.V. midazolam. Our experience in this case led us to conclude and suggest that benzodiazepines should not be used in RS and in the absence of contraindications the technique of choice should be regional anesthesia.

Abstract Rett Syndrome (RS) is a neurological disorder that almost exclusively affects females. RS is characterized by severe mental retardation following a period of apparent normal development in early childhood. The main clinical features include autism, spasticity, microcephaly, scoliosis, stereotyping, abnormal respiratory control and seizures. Patients with RS have been reported to be extremely sensitive to sedatives and exhibit a slow recovery from anesthesia. We describe and discuss the anesthetic management of a 26-year-old woman with RS and distal fracture of the humerus that underwent reduction and fixation with Kirschner's wires under regional anesthesia and sedation. Intraoperatively, the patient experienced respiratory depression following the administration of 1 mg of I.V. midazolam. Our experience in this case led us to conclude and suggest that benzodiazepines should not be used in RS and in the absence of contraindications the technique of choice should be regional anesthesia.

Our experience in this case led us to conclude and suggest that benzodiazepines should not be used in RS and in the absence of contraindications the technique of choice should be regional anesthesia.

S2256208713000849

Anesthetic management of a patient with Rett Syndrome and distal humerus fracture: A case report and literature review

Keywords Rett Syndrome Anesthesia Deep Sedation Analgesia Anesthesia, Conduction Midazolam

Abstract Rett Syndrome (RS) is a neurological disorder that almost exclusively affects females. RS is characterized by <dis>severe mental retardation</dis> following a period of apparent normal development in early childhood. The main clinical features include <dis>autism</dis>, spasticity, microcephaly, scoliosis, stereotyping, abnormal respiratory control and seizures. Patients with RS have been reported to be extremely sensitive to sedatives and exhibit a slow recovery from anesthesia. We describe and discuss the anesthetic management of a 26-year-old woman with RS and distal fracture of the humerus that underwent reduction and fixation with Kirschner's wires under regional anesthesia and sedation. Intraoperatively, the patient experienced respiratory depression following the administration of 1 mg of I.V. midazolam. Our experience in this case led us to conclude and suggest that benzodiazepines should not be used in RS and in the absence of contraindications the technique of choice should be regional anesthesia.

Abstract Rett Syndrome (RS) is a neurological disorder that almost exclusively affects females. RS is characterized by severe mental retardation following a period of apparent normal development in early childhood. The main clinical features include autism, spasticity, microcephaly, scoliosis, stereotyping, abnormal respiratory control and seizures. Patients with RS have been reported to be extremely sensitive to sedatives and exhibit a slow recovery from anesthesia. We describe and discuss the anesthetic management of a 26-year-old woman with RS and distal fracture of the humerus that underwent reduction and fixation with Kirschner's wires under regional anesthesia and sedation. Intraoperatively, the patient experienced respiratory depression following the administration of 1 mg of I.V. midazolam. Our experience in this case led us to conclude and suggest that benzodiazepines should not be used in RS and in the absence of contraindications the technique of choice should be regional anesthesia.

Introduction Based on the levels of visual disability reported by World Health Organization, has been prepared the National Campaign for Amblyopia and Strabismus in Mexico, with the Mexican Center of Strabismus, the Mexican Society of Ophthalmology, and the Mexican Council of Ophthalmology, with the objective of establishing a screening program in amblyopia in the general population.

S0187451917300847

Amblyopia and strabismus screening program. Mexico 2016

Keywords Amblyopia Strabismus Visual disability Public health Blindness

Introduction Based on the levels of <dis>visual disability</dis> reported by World Health Organization, has been prepared the National Campaign for Amblyopia and Strabismus in Mexico, with the Mexican Center of Strabismus, the Mexican Society of Ophthalmology, and the Mexican Council of Ophthalmology, with the objective of establishing a screening program in amblyopia in the general population. Method A public screening program was designed in 4 phases, from the program and organization of sites, a preparatory course, to the analysis of results, from May 2016 to January 2017. Results Ninety sites were organized in Mexico, 1,028 people were studied, aged 17.4±19 years, 727 were children aged 6.7±3 years. Several alerts were obtained that demonstrate the problematic and the requirements of public health. Conclusions The high levels of <dis>visual disability</dis> in the world population requires better strategies, as demonstrated by the National Campaign for Amblyopia in Mexico. It has to be considered a permanent information to the public, facilitating access to the first-level medical service; promoting early care of vulnerable groups; medical actualization; communication with health leaders that generates cost-effective strategies for early detection and treatment, controlled by laws that results in the reduction of <dis>visual disability</dis>. Fourteen Iberomerican countries joined the campaign because finally the causes of amblyopia are the same, the lack of information is repeated, and the numbers of disability increase.

Introduction Based on the levels of visual disability reported by World Health Organization, has been prepared the National Campaign for Amblyopia and Strabismus in Mexico, with the Mexican Center of Strabismus, the Mexican Society of Ophthalmology, and the Mexican Council of Ophthalmology, with the objective of establishing a screening program in amblyopia in the general population. Method A public screening program was designed in 4 phases, from the program and organization of sites, a preparatory course, to the analysis of results, from May 2016 to January 2017. Results Ninety sites were organized in Mexico, 1,028 people were studied, aged 17.4±19 years, 727 were children aged 6.7±3 years. Several alerts were obtained that demonstrate the problematic and the requirements of public health. Conclusions The high levels of visual disability in the world population requires better strategies, as demonstrated by the National Campaign for Amblyopia in Mexico. It has to be considered a permanent information to the public, facilitating access to the first-level medical service; promoting early care of vulnerable groups; medical actualization; communication with health leaders that generates cost-effective strategies for early detection and treatment, controlled by laws that results in the reduction of visual disability. Fourteen Iberomerican countries joined the campaign because finally the causes of amblyopia are the same, the lack of information is repeated, and the numbers of disability increase.

Method A public screening program was designed in 4 phases, from the program and organization of sites, a preparatory course, to the analysis of results, from May 2016 to January 2017. Results Ninety sites were organized in Mexico, 1,028 people were studied, aged 17.4±19 years, 727 were children aged 6.7±3 years. Several alerts were obtained that demonstrate the problematic and the requirements of public health.

S0187451917300847

Amblyopia and strabismus screening program. Mexico 2016

Keywords Amblyopia Strabismus Visual disability Public health Blindness

Introduction Based on the levels of <dis>visual disability</dis> reported by World Health Organization, has been prepared the National Campaign for Amblyopia and Strabismus in Mexico, with the Mexican Center of Strabismus, the Mexican Society of Ophthalmology, and the Mexican Council of Ophthalmology, with the objective of establishing a screening program in amblyopia in the general population. Method A public screening program was designed in 4 phases, from the program and organization of sites, a preparatory course, to the analysis of results, from May 2016 to January 2017. Results Ninety sites were organized in Mexico, 1,028 people were studied, aged 17.4±19 years, 727 were children aged 6.7±3 years. Several alerts were obtained that demonstrate the problematic and the requirements of public health. Conclusions The high levels of <dis>visual disability</dis> in the world population requires better strategies, as demonstrated by the National Campaign for Amblyopia in Mexico. It has to be considered a permanent information to the public, facilitating access to the first-level medical service; promoting early care of vulnerable groups; medical actualization; communication with health leaders that generates cost-effective strategies for early detection and treatment, controlled by laws that results in the reduction of <dis>visual disability</dis>. Fourteen Iberomerican countries joined the campaign because finally the causes of amblyopia are the same, the lack of information is repeated, and the numbers of disability increase.

Introduction Based on the levels of visual disability reported by World Health Organization, has been prepared the National Campaign for Amblyopia and Strabismus in Mexico, with the Mexican Center of Strabismus, the Mexican Society of Ophthalmology, and the Mexican Council of Ophthalmology, with the objective of establishing a screening program in amblyopia in the general population. Method A public screening program was designed in 4 phases, from the program and organization of sites, a preparatory course, to the analysis of results, from May 2016 to January 2017. Results Ninety sites were organized in Mexico, 1,028 people were studied, aged 17.4±19 years, 727 were children aged 6.7±3 years. Several alerts were obtained that demonstrate the problematic and the requirements of public health. Conclusions The high levels of visual disability in the world population requires better strategies, as demonstrated by the National Campaign for Amblyopia in Mexico. It has to be considered a permanent information to the public, facilitating access to the first-level medical service; promoting early care of vulnerable groups; medical actualization; communication with health leaders that generates cost-effective strategies for early detection and treatment, controlled by laws that results in the reduction of visual disability. Fourteen Iberomerican countries joined the campaign because finally the causes of amblyopia are the same, the lack of information is repeated, and the numbers of disability increase.

Conclusions The high levels of visual disability in the world population requires better strategies, as demonstrated by the National Campaign for Amblyopia in Mexico. It has to be considered a permanent information to the public, facilitating access to the first-level medical service; promoting early care of vulnerable groups; medical actualization; communication with health leaders that generates cost-effective strategies for early detection and treatment, controlled by laws that results in the reduction of visual disability.

S0187451917300847

Amblyopia and strabismus screening program. Mexico 2016

Keywords Amblyopia Strabismus Visual disability Public health Blindness

Introduction Based on the levels of <dis>visual disability</dis> reported by World Health Organization, has been prepared the National Campaign for Amblyopia and Strabismus in Mexico, with the Mexican Center of Strabismus, the Mexican Society of Ophthalmology, and the Mexican Council of Ophthalmology, with the objective of establishing a screening program in amblyopia in the general population. Method A public screening program was designed in 4 phases, from the program and organization of sites, a preparatory course, to the analysis of results, from May 2016 to January 2017. Results Ninety sites were organized in Mexico, 1,028 people were studied, aged 17.4±19 years, 727 were children aged 6.7±3 years. Several alerts were obtained that demonstrate the problematic and the requirements of public health. Conclusions The high levels of <dis>visual disability</dis> in the world population requires better strategies, as demonstrated by the National Campaign for Amblyopia in Mexico. It has to be considered a permanent information to the public, facilitating access to the first-level medical service; promoting early care of vulnerable groups; medical actualization; communication with health leaders that generates cost-effective strategies for early detection and treatment, controlled by laws that results in the reduction of <dis>visual disability</dis>. Fourteen Iberomerican countries joined the campaign because finally the causes of amblyopia are the same, the lack of information is repeated, and the numbers of disability increase.

Introduction Based on the levels of visual disability reported by World Health Organization, has been prepared the National Campaign for Amblyopia and Strabismus in Mexico, with the Mexican Center of Strabismus, the Mexican Society of Ophthalmology, and the Mexican Council of Ophthalmology, with the objective of establishing a screening program in amblyopia in the general population. Method A public screening program was designed in 4 phases, from the program and organization of sites, a preparatory course, to the analysis of results, from May 2016 to January 2017. Results Ninety sites were organized in Mexico, 1,028 people were studied, aged 17.4±19 years, 727 were children aged 6.7±3 years. Several alerts were obtained that demonstrate the problematic and the requirements of public health. Conclusions The high levels of visual disability in the world population requires better strategies, as demonstrated by the National Campaign for Amblyopia in Mexico. It has to be considered a permanent information to the public, facilitating access to the first-level medical service; promoting early care of vulnerable groups; medical actualization; communication with health leaders that generates cost-effective strategies for early detection and treatment, controlled by laws that results in the reduction of visual disability. Fourteen Iberomerican countries joined the campaign because finally the causes of amblyopia are the same, the lack of information is repeated, and the numbers of disability increase.

Fourteen Iberomerican countries joined the campaign because finally the causes of amblyopia are the same, the lack of information is repeated, and the numbers of disability increase.

S0187451917300847

Amblyopia and strabismus screening program. Mexico 2016

Keywords Amblyopia Strabismus Visual disability Public health Blindness

Introduction Based on the levels of <dis>visual disability</dis> reported by World Health Organization, has been prepared the National Campaign for Amblyopia and Strabismus in Mexico, with the Mexican Center of Strabismus, the Mexican Society of Ophthalmology, and the Mexican Council of Ophthalmology, with the objective of establishing a screening program in amblyopia in the general population. Method A public screening program was designed in 4 phases, from the program and organization of sites, a preparatory course, to the analysis of results, from May 2016 to January 2017. Results Ninety sites were organized in Mexico, 1,028 people were studied, aged 17.4±19 years, 727 were children aged 6.7±3 years. Several alerts were obtained that demonstrate the problematic and the requirements of public health. Conclusions The high levels of <dis>visual disability</dis> in the world population requires better strategies, as demonstrated by the National Campaign for Amblyopia in Mexico. It has to be considered a permanent information to the public, facilitating access to the first-level medical service; promoting early care of vulnerable groups; medical actualization; communication with health leaders that generates cost-effective strategies for early detection and treatment, controlled by laws that results in the reduction of <dis>visual disability</dis>. Fourteen Iberomerican countries joined the campaign because finally the causes of amblyopia are the same, the lack of information is repeated, and the numbers of disability increase.

Introduction Based on the levels of visual disability reported by World Health Organization, has been prepared the National Campaign for Amblyopia and Strabismus in Mexico, with the Mexican Center of Strabismus, the Mexican Society of Ophthalmology, and the Mexican Council of Ophthalmology, with the objective of establishing a screening program in amblyopia in the general population. Method A public screening program was designed in 4 phases, from the program and organization of sites, a preparatory course, to the analysis of results, from May 2016 to January 2017. Results Ninety sites were organized in Mexico, 1,028 people were studied, aged 17.4±19 years, 727 were children aged 6.7±3 years. Several alerts were obtained that demonstrate the problematic and the requirements of public health. Conclusions The high levels of visual disability in the world population requires better strategies, as demonstrated by the National Campaign for Amblyopia in Mexico. It has to be considered a permanent information to the public, facilitating access to the first-level medical service; promoting early care of vulnerable groups; medical actualization; communication with health leaders that generates cost-effective strategies for early detection and treatment, controlled by laws that results in the reduction of visual disability. Fourteen Iberomerican countries joined the campaign because finally the causes of amblyopia are the same, the lack of information is repeated, and the numbers of disability increase.

The association of nervous system with skin is well documented. Many common psychiatric disorders can involve skin either directly or indirectly. We found an association of 13 primary psychiatric disorders leading to dermatological diseases, with association of 2 of 13 considered to be idiopathic. Association of the mind and body has long been studied. Several skin problems lead to psychological and psychiatric symptoms, however not all skin problems lead to psychiatric symptoms.

S0034745017300914

Psychodermatology: An Association of Primary Psychiatric Disorders With Skin

Keywords Psycho-dermatology Dermal and mental health Depression and skin Anxiety and skin Schizophrenia and skin

The association of nervous system with skin is well documented. Many <dis>common psychiatric disorders</dis> can involve skin either directly or indirectly. We found an association of 13 <dis>primary psychiatric disorders</dis> leading to dermatological diseases, with association of 2 of 13 considered to be idiopathic. Association of the mind and body has long been studied. Several skin problems lead to psychological and psychiatric symptoms, however not all skin problems lead to psychiatric symptoms. On the contrary, many <dis>primary psychiatric illnesses</dis> appear to have associated skin disorders.

The association of nervous system with skin is well documented. Many common psychiatric disorders can involve skin either directly or indirectly. We found an association of 13 primary psychiatric disorders leading to dermatological diseases, with association of 2 of 13 considered to be idiopathic. Association of the mind and body has long been studied. Several skin problems lead to psychological and psychiatric symptoms, however not all skin problems lead to psychiatric symptoms. On the contrary, many primary psychiatric illnesses appear to have associated skin disorders.

On the contrary, many primary psychiatric illnesses appear to have associated skin disorders.

S0034745017300914

Psychodermatology: An Association of Primary Psychiatric Disorders With Skin

Keywords Psycho-dermatology Dermal and mental health Depression and skin Anxiety and skin Schizophrenia and skin

The association of nervous system with skin is well documented. Many <dis>common psychiatric disorders</dis> can involve skin either directly or indirectly. We found an association of 13 <dis>primary psychiatric disorders</dis> leading to dermatological diseases, with association of 2 of 13 considered to be idiopathic. Association of the mind and body has long been studied. Several skin problems lead to psychological and psychiatric symptoms, however not all skin problems lead to psychiatric symptoms. On the contrary, many <dis>primary psychiatric illnesses</dis> appear to have associated skin disorders.

The association of nervous system with skin is well documented. Many common psychiatric disorders can involve skin either directly or indirectly. We found an association of 13 primary psychiatric disorders leading to dermatological diseases, with association of 2 of 13 considered to be idiopathic. Association of the mind and body has long been studied. Several skin problems lead to psychological and psychiatric symptoms, however not all skin problems lead to psychiatric symptoms. On the contrary, many primary psychiatric illnesses appear to have associated skin disorders.

Introduction. The prevalence of pelvic fracture (PF) due to frailty is increasing, leading to an increase in functional impairment in the patient, as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study is to gain knowledge about the sociodemographic characteristics, as well as the functional features, of patients admitted to hospital with PF and evaluated by a Geriatrics department. The functional burden of PF and the potential influence of geriatric interventions are also assessed. Material and methods.

S0211139X17301373

Functional consequences of fragile pelvis fracture. Description of several cases attended by a consultation Geriatrics team

Keywords Pelvic fracture Fracture due to frailty Functional impairment

Introduction. The prevalence of pelvic fracture (PF) due to frailty is increasing, leading to an increase in <dis>functional impairment</dis> in the patient, as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study is to gain knowledge about the sociodemographic characteristics, as well as the functional features, of patients admitted to hospital with PF and evaluated by a Geriatrics department. The functional burden of PF and the potential influence of geriatric interventions are also assessed. Material and methods. A retrospective study conducted between 1995 and 2015 on all patients older than 65 years old with PF admitted to the Traumatology department, and then assessed in the Geriatrics Department. Sociodemographic information was also collected (age, gender and place of residence), as well as data from the geriatric assessment (baseline situation and at hospital admission), hospital stay, within hospital mortality, and discharge. Results. The study included 271 patients with a mean age of 81.1±7 years, and mainly women (81.2%). The median hospital stay was 9 days (interquartile range 5 to 14 days). The ability to walk independently decreased after PF from 72.3% to 3.6%. Severe disability cases increased in activities of daily living from 7.9% to 79.5%. Within hospital mortality was 2.2%. As regards medical follow-up consultations, the mean length of stay was significantly reduced compared to the assessment consultations (10.0±7.8 vs 16.1±12.0 days, P<.001). Conclusion. PF patients evaluated by the Geriatrics Department were mainly women, with advanced age, and a <dis>severe functional impairment</dis> secondary to PF. The intervention of a geriatrician could contribute to optimise hospital resources.

Introduction. The prevalence of pelvic fracture (PF) due to frailty is increasing, leading to an increase in functional impairment in the patient, as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study is to gain knowledge about the sociodemographic characteristics, as well as the functional features, of patients admitted to hospital with PF and evaluated by a Geriatrics department. The functional burden of PF and the potential influence of geriatric interventions are also assessed. Material and methods. A retrospective study conducted between 1995 and 2015 on all patients older than 65 years old with PF admitted to the Traumatology department, and then assessed in the Geriatrics Department. Sociodemographic information was also collected (age, gender and place of residence), as well as data from the geriatric assessment (baseline situation and at hospital admission), hospital stay, within hospital mortality, and discharge. Results. The study included 271 patients with a mean age of 81.1±7 years, and mainly women (81.2%). The median hospital stay was 9 days (interquartile range 5 to 14 days). The ability to walk independently decreased after PF from 72.3% to 3.6%. Severe disability cases increased in activities of daily living from 7.9% to 79.5%. Within hospital mortality was 2.2%. As regards medical follow-up consultations, the mean length of stay was significantly reduced compared to the assessment consultations (10.0±7.8 vs 16.1±12.0 days, P<.001). Conclusion. PF patients evaluated by the Geriatrics Department were mainly women, with advanced age, and a severe functional impairment secondary to PF. The intervention of a geriatrician could contribute to optimise hospital resources.

A retrospective study conducted between 1995 and 2015 on all patients older than 65 years old with PF admitted to the Traumatology department, and then assessed in the Geriatrics Department. Sociodemographic information was also collected (age, gender and place of residence), as well as data from the geriatric assessment (baseline situation and at hospital admission), hospital stay, within hospital mortality, and discharge. Results.

S0211139X17301373

Functional consequences of fragile pelvis fracture. Description of several cases attended by a consultation Geriatrics team

Keywords Pelvic fracture Fracture due to frailty Functional impairment

Introduction. The prevalence of pelvic fracture (PF) due to frailty is increasing, leading to an increase in <dis>functional impairment</dis> in the patient, as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study is to gain knowledge about the sociodemographic characteristics, as well as the functional features, of patients admitted to hospital with PF and evaluated by a Geriatrics department. The functional burden of PF and the potential influence of geriatric interventions are also assessed. Material and methods. A retrospective study conducted between 1995 and 2015 on all patients older than 65 years old with PF admitted to the Traumatology department, and then assessed in the Geriatrics Department. Sociodemographic information was also collected (age, gender and place of residence), as well as data from the geriatric assessment (baseline situation and at hospital admission), hospital stay, within hospital mortality, and discharge. Results. The study included 271 patients with a mean age of 81.1±7 years, and mainly women (81.2%). The median hospital stay was 9 days (interquartile range 5 to 14 days). The ability to walk independently decreased after PF from 72.3% to 3.6%. Severe disability cases increased in activities of daily living from 7.9% to 79.5%. Within hospital mortality was 2.2%. As regards medical follow-up consultations, the mean length of stay was significantly reduced compared to the assessment consultations (10.0±7.8 vs 16.1±12.0 days, P<.001). Conclusion. PF patients evaluated by the Geriatrics Department were mainly women, with advanced age, and a <dis>severe functional impairment</dis> secondary to PF. The intervention of a geriatrician could contribute to optimise hospital resources.

Introduction. The prevalence of pelvic fracture (PF) due to frailty is increasing, leading to an increase in functional impairment in the patient, as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study is to gain knowledge about the sociodemographic characteristics, as well as the functional features, of patients admitted to hospital with PF and evaluated by a Geriatrics department. The functional burden of PF and the potential influence of geriatric interventions are also assessed. Material and methods. A retrospective study conducted between 1995 and 2015 on all patients older than 65 years old with PF admitted to the Traumatology department, and then assessed in the Geriatrics Department. Sociodemographic information was also collected (age, gender and place of residence), as well as data from the geriatric assessment (baseline situation and at hospital admission), hospital stay, within hospital mortality, and discharge. Results. The study included 271 patients with a mean age of 81.1±7 years, and mainly women (81.2%). The median hospital stay was 9 days (interquartile range 5 to 14 days). The ability to walk independently decreased after PF from 72.3% to 3.6%. Severe disability cases increased in activities of daily living from 7.9% to 79.5%. Within hospital mortality was 2.2%. As regards medical follow-up consultations, the mean length of stay was significantly reduced compared to the assessment consultations (10.0±7.8 vs 16.1±12.0 days, P<.001). Conclusion. PF patients evaluated by the Geriatrics Department were mainly women, with advanced age, and a severe functional impairment secondary to PF. The intervention of a geriatrician could contribute to optimise hospital resources.

The study included 271 patients with a mean age of 81.1±7 years, and mainly women (81.2%). The median hospital stay was 9 days (interquartile range 5 to 14 days). The ability to walk independently decreased after PF from 72.3% to 3.6%. Severe disability cases increased in activities of daily living from 7.9% to 79.5%. Within hospital mortality was 2.2%.

S0211139X17301373

Functional consequences of fragile pelvis fracture. Description of several cases attended by a consultation Geriatrics team

Keywords Pelvic fracture Fracture due to frailty Functional impairment

Introduction. The prevalence of pelvic fracture (PF) due to frailty is increasing, leading to an increase in <dis>functional impairment</dis> in the patient, as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study is to gain knowledge about the sociodemographic characteristics, as well as the functional features, of patients admitted to hospital with PF and evaluated by a Geriatrics department. The functional burden of PF and the potential influence of geriatric interventions are also assessed. Material and methods. A retrospective study conducted between 1995 and 2015 on all patients older than 65 years old with PF admitted to the Traumatology department, and then assessed in the Geriatrics Department. Sociodemographic information was also collected (age, gender and place of residence), as well as data from the geriatric assessment (baseline situation and at hospital admission), hospital stay, within hospital mortality, and discharge. Results. The study included 271 patients with a mean age of 81.1±7 years, and mainly women (81.2%). The median hospital stay was 9 days (interquartile range 5 to 14 days). The ability to walk independently decreased after PF from 72.3% to 3.6%. Severe disability cases increased in activities of daily living from 7.9% to 79.5%. Within hospital mortality was 2.2%. As regards medical follow-up consultations, the mean length of stay was significantly reduced compared to the assessment consultations (10.0±7.8 vs 16.1±12.0 days, P<.001). Conclusion. PF patients evaluated by the Geriatrics Department were mainly women, with advanced age, and a <dis>severe functional impairment</dis> secondary to PF. The intervention of a geriatrician could contribute to optimise hospital resources.

Introduction. The prevalence of pelvic fracture (PF) due to frailty is increasing, leading to an increase in functional impairment in the patient, as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study is to gain knowledge about the sociodemographic characteristics, as well as the functional features, of patients admitted to hospital with PF and evaluated by a Geriatrics department. The functional burden of PF and the potential influence of geriatric interventions are also assessed. Material and methods. A retrospective study conducted between 1995 and 2015 on all patients older than 65 years old with PF admitted to the Traumatology department, and then assessed in the Geriatrics Department. Sociodemographic information was also collected (age, gender and place of residence), as well as data from the geriatric assessment (baseline situation and at hospital admission), hospital stay, within hospital mortality, and discharge. Results. The study included 271 patients with a mean age of 81.1±7 years, and mainly women (81.2%). The median hospital stay was 9 days (interquartile range 5 to 14 days). The ability to walk independently decreased after PF from 72.3% to 3.6%. Severe disability cases increased in activities of daily living from 7.9% to 79.5%. Within hospital mortality was 2.2%. As regards medical follow-up consultations, the mean length of stay was significantly reduced compared to the assessment consultations (10.0±7.8 vs 16.1±12.0 days, P<.001). Conclusion. PF patients evaluated by the Geriatrics Department were mainly women, with advanced age, and a severe functional impairment secondary to PF. The intervention of a geriatrician could contribute to optimise hospital resources.

As regards medical follow-up consultations, the mean length of stay was significantly reduced compared to the assessment consultations (10.0±7.8 vs 16.1±12.0 days, P<.001). Conclusion. PF patients evaluated by the Geriatrics Department were mainly women, with advanced age, and a severe functional impairment secondary to PF. The intervention of a geriatrician could contribute to optimise hospital resources.

S0211139X17301373

Functional consequences of fragile pelvis fracture. Description of several cases attended by a consultation Geriatrics team

Keywords Pelvic fracture Fracture due to frailty Functional impairment

Introduction. The prevalence of pelvic fracture (PF) due to frailty is increasing, leading to an increase in <dis>functional impairment</dis> in the patient, as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study is to gain knowledge about the sociodemographic characteristics, as well as the functional features, of patients admitted to hospital with PF and evaluated by a Geriatrics department. The functional burden of PF and the potential influence of geriatric interventions are also assessed. Material and methods. A retrospective study conducted between 1995 and 2015 on all patients older than 65 years old with PF admitted to the Traumatology department, and then assessed in the Geriatrics Department. Sociodemographic information was also collected (age, gender and place of residence), as well as data from the geriatric assessment (baseline situation and at hospital admission), hospital stay, within hospital mortality, and discharge. Results. The study included 271 patients with a mean age of 81.1±7 years, and mainly women (81.2%). The median hospital stay was 9 days (interquartile range 5 to 14 days). The ability to walk independently decreased after PF from 72.3% to 3.6%. Severe disability cases increased in activities of daily living from 7.9% to 79.5%. Within hospital mortality was 2.2%. As regards medical follow-up consultations, the mean length of stay was significantly reduced compared to the assessment consultations (10.0±7.8 vs 16.1±12.0 days, P<.001). Conclusion. PF patients evaluated by the Geriatrics Department were mainly women, with advanced age, and a <dis>severe functional impairment</dis> secondary to PF. The intervention of a geriatrician could contribute to optimise hospital resources.

Introduction. The prevalence of pelvic fracture (PF) due to frailty is increasing, leading to an increase in functional impairment in the patient, as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study is to gain knowledge about the sociodemographic characteristics, as well as the functional features, of patients admitted to hospital with PF and evaluated by a Geriatrics department. The functional burden of PF and the potential influence of geriatric interventions are also assessed. Material and methods. A retrospective study conducted between 1995 and 2015 on all patients older than 65 years old with PF admitted to the Traumatology department, and then assessed in the Geriatrics Department. Sociodemographic information was also collected (age, gender and place of residence), as well as data from the geriatric assessment (baseline situation and at hospital admission), hospital stay, within hospital mortality, and discharge. Results. The study included 271 patients with a mean age of 81.1±7 years, and mainly women (81.2%). The median hospital stay was 9 days (interquartile range 5 to 14 days). The ability to walk independently decreased after PF from 72.3% to 3.6%. Severe disability cases increased in activities of daily living from 7.9% to 79.5%. Within hospital mortality was 2.2%. As regards medical follow-up consultations, the mean length of stay was significantly reduced compared to the assessment consultations (10.0±7.8 vs 16.1±12.0 days, P<.001). Conclusion. PF patients evaluated by the Geriatrics Department were mainly women, with advanced age, and a severe functional impairment secondary to PF. The intervention of a geriatrician could contribute to optimise hospital resources.

Abstract We report the case of a 67-year-old male diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma, who referred dysphagia, dysphonia and noticed the appearance of a laterocervical mass. A CT scan revealed an osteolytic soft tissue neck lesion, which was resected. Its anatomical-pathological study was compatible with metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma.

S0001651909001769

Neck mass with infrequent origin

Keywords Cervical mass Prostate Metastasis

Abstract We report the case of a 67-year-old male diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma, who referred <dis>dysphagia</dis>, dysphonia and noticed the appearance of a laterocervical mass. A CT scan revealed an osteolytic soft tissue neck lesion, which was resected. Its anatomical-pathological study was compatible with metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma.

Abstract We report the case of a 67-year-old male diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma, who referred dysphagia, dysphonia and noticed the appearance of a laterocervical mass. A CT scan revealed an osteolytic soft tissue neck lesion, which was resected. Its anatomical-pathological study was compatible with metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma.

Introduction Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) occurs more frequently in first-degree relatives. It is believed that this risk is not specific to this disorder but also occurs with other psychopathologies. The study of siblings of ADHD probands is an interesting field since they share common environmental factors. Methods This is a narrative literature review. A bibliographic search was performed on PubMed and PsychNet databases and topic-related publications were included without date of publication or study design limits.

S0034745017300732

Risk of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Other Psychiatric Disorders in Siblings of ADHD Probands

Keywords Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Siblings Risk Comorbidity First-degree relatives

Introduction <dis>Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder</dis> (<dis>ADHD</dis>) occurs more frequently in first-degree relatives. It is believed that this risk is not specific to this disorder but also occurs with other psychopathologies. The study of siblings of <dis>ADHD</dis> probands is an interesting field since they share common environmental factors. Methods This is a narrative literature review. A bibliographic search was performed on PubMed and PsychNet databases and topic-related publications were included without date of publication or study design limits. Results Siblings of patients with <dis>ADHD</dis> have a higher likelihood of having this disorder when compared to controls, with odds ratios (OR) ranging between 11.4 and 13.5. Among these siblings, <dis>ADHD</dis> prevalence ranges between 26 and 45.2%. Siblings with <dis>ADHD</dis> and those <scp><neg>without</neg> <dis>ADHD</dis></scp> have an increased risk of having other disorders, the most frequent being oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Conclusions Siblings of people with <dis>ADHD</dis> have an increased risk of having the same disorder. The risk of having another <dis>psychiatric disorder</dis> markedly increases when the sibling also presents <dis>ADHD</dis>; this is especially true for ODD, substance use disorder and bipolar disorder.

Introduction Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) occurs more frequently in first-degree relatives. It is believed that this risk is not specific to this disorder but also occurs with other psychopathologies. The study of siblings of ADHD probands is an interesting field since they share common environmental factors. Methods This is a narrative literature review. A bibliographic search was performed on PubMed and PsychNet databases and topic-related publications were included without date of publication or study design limits. Results Siblings of patients with ADHD have a higher likelihood of having this disorder when compared to controls, with odds ratios (OR) ranging between 11.4 and 13.5. Among these siblings, ADHD prevalence ranges between 26 and 45.2%. Siblings with ADHD and those without ADHD have an increased risk of having other disorders, the most frequent being oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Conclusions Siblings of people with ADHD have an increased risk of having the same disorder. The risk of having another psychiatric disorder markedly increases when the sibling also presents ADHD; this is especially true for ODD, substance use disorder and bipolar disorder.

Results Siblings of patients with ADHD have a higher likelihood of having this disorder when compared to controls, with odds ratios (OR) ranging between 11.4 and 13.5. Among these siblings, ADHD prevalence ranges between 26 and 45.2%.

S0034745017300732

Risk of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Other Psychiatric Disorders in Siblings of ADHD Probands

Keywords Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Siblings Risk Comorbidity First-degree relatives

Introduction <dis>Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder</dis> (<dis>ADHD</dis>) occurs more frequently in first-degree relatives. It is believed that this risk is not specific to this disorder but also occurs with other psychopathologies. The study of siblings of <dis>ADHD</dis> probands is an interesting field since they share common environmental factors. Methods This is a narrative literature review. A bibliographic search was performed on PubMed and PsychNet databases and topic-related publications were included without date of publication or study design limits. Results Siblings of patients with <dis>ADHD</dis> have a higher likelihood of having this disorder when compared to controls, with odds ratios (OR) ranging between 11.4 and 13.5. Among these siblings, <dis>ADHD</dis> prevalence ranges between 26 and 45.2%. Siblings with <dis>ADHD</dis> and those <scp><neg>without</neg> <dis>ADHD</dis></scp> have an increased risk of having other disorders, the most frequent being oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Conclusions Siblings of people with <dis>ADHD</dis> have an increased risk of having the same disorder. The risk of having another <dis>psychiatric disorder</dis> markedly increases when the sibling also presents <dis>ADHD</dis>; this is especially true for ODD, substance use disorder and bipolar disorder.

Introduction Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) occurs more frequently in first-degree relatives. It is believed that this risk is not specific to this disorder but also occurs with other psychopathologies. The study of siblings of ADHD probands is an interesting field since they share common environmental factors. Methods This is a narrative literature review. A bibliographic search was performed on PubMed and PsychNet databases and topic-related publications were included without date of publication or study design limits. Results Siblings of patients with ADHD have a higher likelihood of having this disorder when compared to controls, with odds ratios (OR) ranging between 11.4 and 13.5. Among these siblings, ADHD prevalence ranges between 26 and 45.2%. Siblings with ADHD and those without ADHD have an increased risk of having other disorders, the most frequent being oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Conclusions Siblings of people with ADHD have an increased risk of having the same disorder. The risk of having another psychiatric disorder markedly increases when the sibling also presents ADHD; this is especially true for ODD, substance use disorder and bipolar disorder.

Siblings with ADHD and those without ADHD have an increased risk of having other disorders, the most frequent being oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Conclusions Siblings of people with ADHD have an increased risk of having the same disorder.

S0034745017300732

Risk of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Other Psychiatric Disorders in Siblings of ADHD Probands

Keywords Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Siblings Risk Comorbidity First-degree relatives

Introduction <dis>Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder</dis> (<dis>ADHD</dis>) occurs more frequently in first-degree relatives. It is believed that this risk is not specific to this disorder but also occurs with other psychopathologies. The study of siblings of <dis>ADHD</dis> probands is an interesting field since they share common environmental factors. Methods This is a narrative literature review. A bibliographic search was performed on PubMed and PsychNet databases and topic-related publications were included without date of publication or study design limits. Results Siblings of patients with <dis>ADHD</dis> have a higher likelihood of having this disorder when compared to controls, with odds ratios (OR) ranging between 11.4 and 13.5. Among these siblings, <dis>ADHD</dis> prevalence ranges between 26 and 45.2%. Siblings with <dis>ADHD</dis> and those <scp><neg>without</neg> <dis>ADHD</dis></scp> have an increased risk of having other disorders, the most frequent being oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Conclusions Siblings of people with <dis>ADHD</dis> have an increased risk of having the same disorder. The risk of having another <dis>psychiatric disorder</dis> markedly increases when the sibling also presents <dis>ADHD</dis>; this is especially true for ODD, substance use disorder and bipolar disorder.

Introduction Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) occurs more frequently in first-degree relatives. It is believed that this risk is not specific to this disorder but also occurs with other psychopathologies. The study of siblings of ADHD probands is an interesting field since they share common environmental factors. Methods This is a narrative literature review. A bibliographic search was performed on PubMed and PsychNet databases and topic-related publications were included without date of publication or study design limits. Results Siblings of patients with ADHD have a higher likelihood of having this disorder when compared to controls, with odds ratios (OR) ranging between 11.4 and 13.5. Among these siblings, ADHD prevalence ranges between 26 and 45.2%. Siblings with ADHD and those without ADHD have an increased risk of having other disorders, the most frequent being oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Conclusions Siblings of people with ADHD have an increased risk of having the same disorder. The risk of having another psychiatric disorder markedly increases when the sibling also presents ADHD; this is especially true for ODD, substance use disorder and bipolar disorder.

The risk of having another psychiatric disorder markedly increases when the sibling also presents ADHD; this is especially true for ODD, substance use disorder and bipolar disorder.

S0034745017300732

Risk of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Other Psychiatric Disorders in Siblings of ADHD Probands

Keywords Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Siblings Risk Comorbidity First-degree relatives

Introduction <dis>Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder</dis> (<dis>ADHD</dis>) occurs more frequently in first-degree relatives. It is believed that this risk is not specific to this disorder but also occurs with other psychopathologies. The study of siblings of <dis>ADHD</dis> probands is an interesting field since they share common environmental factors. Methods This is a narrative literature review. A bibliographic search was performed on PubMed and PsychNet databases and topic-related publications were included without date of publication or study design limits. Results Siblings of patients with <dis>ADHD</dis> have a higher likelihood of having this disorder when compared to controls, with odds ratios (OR) ranging between 11.4 and 13.5. Among these siblings, <dis>ADHD</dis> prevalence ranges between 26 and 45.2%. Siblings with <dis>ADHD</dis> and those <scp><neg>without</neg> <dis>ADHD</dis></scp> have an increased risk of having other disorders, the most frequent being oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Conclusions Siblings of people with <dis>ADHD</dis> have an increased risk of having the same disorder. The risk of having another <dis>psychiatric disorder</dis> markedly increases when the sibling also presents <dis>ADHD</dis>; this is especially true for ODD, substance use disorder and bipolar disorder.

Introduction Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) occurs more frequently in first-degree relatives. It is believed that this risk is not specific to this disorder but also occurs with other psychopathologies. The study of siblings of ADHD probands is an interesting field since they share common environmental factors. Methods This is a narrative literature review. A bibliographic search was performed on PubMed and PsychNet databases and topic-related publications were included without date of publication or study design limits. Results Siblings of patients with ADHD have a higher likelihood of having this disorder when compared to controls, with odds ratios (OR) ranging between 11.4 and 13.5. Among these siblings, ADHD prevalence ranges between 26 and 45.2%. Siblings with ADHD and those without ADHD have an increased risk of having other disorders, the most frequent being oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Conclusions Siblings of people with ADHD have an increased risk of having the same disorder. The risk of having another psychiatric disorder markedly increases when the sibling also presents ADHD; this is especially true for ODD, substance use disorder and bipolar disorder.

Abstract Introduction Psychiatric comorbidity affects the impact, the prognosis and the management of depression. Aims To determine the prevalence of other common mental disorders in patients with major depression and to analyse their associated comorbidities. Design Two-stage cross-sectional study: _a)_ screening (Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale); _b)_ a standardised psychiatric interview. Settings Ten health centres in the province of Tarragona.

S0212656709001905

Comorbidity of major depression with other common mental disorders in primary care patients

Keywords Major depressive disorder Dysthymic disorder Anxiety disorders Somatization disorder Comorbidity Primary health care

Abstract Introduction Psychiatric comorbidity affects the impact, the prognosis and the management of depression. Aims To determine the prevalence of other <dis>common mental disorders</dis> in patients with major depression and to analyse their associated comorbidities. Design Two-stage cross-sectional study: _a)_ screening (Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale); _b)_ a standardised psychiatric interview. Settings Ten health centres in the province of Tarragona. Patients A total of 906 consecutive patients were screened. In the second stage, the 209 patients who gave a positive result and 97 patients who gave a negative result (1/7 at random) were evaluated. Analysis The statistical analysis used weights that took into account the two-stage sampling. The frequency with which dysthymia, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and somatisation disorder presented concomitantly with major depression was determined. The characteristics of the depressed patients were compared for different degrees of comorbidity. Results In 45.7% (95% CI, 32.8–59.2) of patients with major depression there was one other coexisting <dis>mental disorder</dis>, in 19.9% (95% CI, 13.7–27.9) two more <dis>mental disorders</dis> and in 8.3% (95% CI, 4.5–14.8) three more <dis>mental disorders</dis>. Generalised anxiety disorder was present in 55.2% of depressed patients (95% CI, 41.6–68), panic disorder in 33.8% (95% CI, 21.1–47.1), dysthymia in 15.7% (95% CI, 10.3–23.4) and somatisation disorder in 6.6% (95% CI, 3.3-12.8). In the groups of patients with comorbidity, the depression was more severe and had a greater functional impact. There were no differences in the clinical management variables. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidity of depression is common in primary care. Most depressed patients suffer from other disorders, often anxiety.

Abstract Introduction Psychiatric comorbidity affects the impact, the prognosis and the management of depression. Aims To determine the prevalence of other common mental disorders in patients with major depression and to analyse their associated comorbidities. Design Two-stage cross-sectional study: _a)_ screening (Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale); _b)_ a standardised psychiatric interview. Settings Ten health centres in the province of Tarragona. Patients A total of 906 consecutive patients were screened. In the second stage, the 209 patients who gave a positive result and 97 patients who gave a negative result (1/7 at random) were evaluated. Analysis The statistical analysis used weights that took into account the two-stage sampling. The frequency with which dysthymia, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and somatisation disorder presented concomitantly with major depression was determined. The characteristics of the depressed patients were compared for different degrees of comorbidity. Results In 45.7% (95% CI, 32.8–59.2) of patients with major depression there was one other coexisting mental disorder, in 19.9% (95% CI, 13.7–27.9) two more mental disorders and in 8.3% (95% CI, 4.5–14.8) three more mental disorders. Generalised anxiety disorder was present in 55.2% of depressed patients (95% CI, 41.6–68), panic disorder in 33.8% (95% CI, 21.1–47.1), dysthymia in 15.7% (95% CI, 10.3–23.4) and somatisation disorder in 6.6% (95% CI, 3.3-12.8). In the groups of patients with comorbidity, the depression was more severe and had a greater functional impact. There were no differences in the clinical management variables. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidity of depression is common in primary care. Most depressed patients suffer from other disorders, often anxiety.

Patients A total of 906 consecutive patients were screened. In the second stage, the 209 patients who gave a positive result and 97 patients who gave a negative result (1/7 at random) were evaluated. Analysis The statistical analysis used weights that took into account the two-stage sampling. The frequency with which dysthymia, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and somatisation disorder presented concomitantly with major depression was determined. The characteristics of the depressed patients were compared for different degrees of comorbidity.

S0212656709001905

Comorbidity of major depression with other common mental disorders in primary care patients

Keywords Major depressive disorder Dysthymic disorder Anxiety disorders Somatization disorder Comorbidity Primary health care

Abstract Introduction Psychiatric comorbidity affects the impact, the prognosis and the management of depression. Aims To determine the prevalence of other <dis>common mental disorders</dis> in patients with major depression and to analyse their associated comorbidities. Design Two-stage cross-sectional study: _a)_ screening (Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale); _b)_ a standardised psychiatric interview. Settings Ten health centres in the province of Tarragona. Patients A total of 906 consecutive patients were screened. In the second stage, the 209 patients who gave a positive result and 97 patients who gave a negative result (1/7 at random) were evaluated. Analysis The statistical analysis used weights that took into account the two-stage sampling. The frequency with which dysthymia, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and somatisation disorder presented concomitantly with major depression was determined. The characteristics of the depressed patients were compared for different degrees of comorbidity. Results In 45.7% (95% CI, 32.8–59.2) of patients with major depression there was one other coexisting <dis>mental disorder</dis>, in 19.9% (95% CI, 13.7–27.9) two more <dis>mental disorders</dis> and in 8.3% (95% CI, 4.5–14.8) three more <dis>mental disorders</dis>. Generalised anxiety disorder was present in 55.2% of depressed patients (95% CI, 41.6–68), panic disorder in 33.8% (95% CI, 21.1–47.1), dysthymia in 15.7% (95% CI, 10.3–23.4) and somatisation disorder in 6.6% (95% CI, 3.3-12.8). In the groups of patients with comorbidity, the depression was more severe and had a greater functional impact. There were no differences in the clinical management variables. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidity of depression is common in primary care. Most depressed patients suffer from other disorders, often anxiety.

Abstract Introduction Psychiatric comorbidity affects the impact, the prognosis and the management of depression. Aims To determine the prevalence of other common mental disorders in patients with major depression and to analyse their associated comorbidities. Design Two-stage cross-sectional study: _a)_ screening (Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale); _b)_ a standardised psychiatric interview. Settings Ten health centres in the province of Tarragona. Patients A total of 906 consecutive patients were screened. In the second stage, the 209 patients who gave a positive result and 97 patients who gave a negative result (1/7 at random) were evaluated. Analysis The statistical analysis used weights that took into account the two-stage sampling. The frequency with which dysthymia, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and somatisation disorder presented concomitantly with major depression was determined. The characteristics of the depressed patients were compared for different degrees of comorbidity. Results In 45.7% (95% CI, 32.8–59.2) of patients with major depression there was one other coexisting mental disorder, in 19.9% (95% CI, 13.7–27.9) two more mental disorders and in 8.3% (95% CI, 4.5–14.8) three more mental disorders. Generalised anxiety disorder was present in 55.2% of depressed patients (95% CI, 41.6–68), panic disorder in 33.8% (95% CI, 21.1–47.1), dysthymia in 15.7% (95% CI, 10.3–23.4) and somatisation disorder in 6.6% (95% CI, 3.3-12.8). In the groups of patients with comorbidity, the depression was more severe and had a greater functional impact. There were no differences in the clinical management variables. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidity of depression is common in primary care. Most depressed patients suffer from other disorders, often anxiety.

Results In 45.7% (95% CI, 32.8–59.2) of patients with major depression there was one other coexisting mental disorder, in 19.9% (95% CI, 13.7–27.9) two more mental disorders and in 8.3% (95% CI, 4.5–14.8) three more mental disorders.

S0212656709001905

Comorbidity of major depression with other common mental disorders in primary care patients

Keywords Major depressive disorder Dysthymic disorder Anxiety disorders Somatization disorder Comorbidity Primary health care

Abstract Introduction Psychiatric comorbidity affects the impact, the prognosis and the management of depression. Aims To determine the prevalence of other <dis>common mental disorders</dis> in patients with major depression and to analyse their associated comorbidities. Design Two-stage cross-sectional study: _a)_ screening (Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale); _b)_ a standardised psychiatric interview. Settings Ten health centres in the province of Tarragona. Patients A total of 906 consecutive patients were screened. In the second stage, the 209 patients who gave a positive result and 97 patients who gave a negative result (1/7 at random) were evaluated. Analysis The statistical analysis used weights that took into account the two-stage sampling. The frequency with which dysthymia, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and somatisation disorder presented concomitantly with major depression was determined. The characteristics of the depressed patients were compared for different degrees of comorbidity. Results In 45.7% (95% CI, 32.8–59.2) of patients with major depression there was one other coexisting <dis>mental disorder</dis>, in 19.9% (95% CI, 13.7–27.9) two more <dis>mental disorders</dis> and in 8.3% (95% CI, 4.5–14.8) three more <dis>mental disorders</dis>. Generalised anxiety disorder was present in 55.2% of depressed patients (95% CI, 41.6–68), panic disorder in 33.8% (95% CI, 21.1–47.1), dysthymia in 15.7% (95% CI, 10.3–23.4) and somatisation disorder in 6.6% (95% CI, 3.3-12.8). In the groups of patients with comorbidity, the depression was more severe and had a greater functional impact. There were no differences in the clinical management variables. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidity of depression is common in primary care. Most depressed patients suffer from other disorders, often anxiety.

Abstract Introduction Psychiatric comorbidity affects the impact, the prognosis and the management of depression. Aims To determine the prevalence of other common mental disorders in patients with major depression and to analyse their associated comorbidities. Design Two-stage cross-sectional study: _a)_ screening (Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale); _b)_ a standardised psychiatric interview. Settings Ten health centres in the province of Tarragona. Patients A total of 906 consecutive patients were screened. In the second stage, the 209 patients who gave a positive result and 97 patients who gave a negative result (1/7 at random) were evaluated. Analysis The statistical analysis used weights that took into account the two-stage sampling. The frequency with which dysthymia, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and somatisation disorder presented concomitantly with major depression was determined. The characteristics of the depressed patients were compared for different degrees of comorbidity. Results In 45.7% (95% CI, 32.8–59.2) of patients with major depression there was one other coexisting mental disorder, in 19.9% (95% CI, 13.7–27.9) two more mental disorders and in 8.3% (95% CI, 4.5–14.8) three more mental disorders. Generalised anxiety disorder was present in 55.2% of depressed patients (95% CI, 41.6–68), panic disorder in 33.8% (95% CI, 21.1–47.1), dysthymia in 15.7% (95% CI, 10.3–23.4) and somatisation disorder in 6.6% (95% CI, 3.3-12.8). In the groups of patients with comorbidity, the depression was more severe and had a greater functional impact. There were no differences in the clinical management variables. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidity of depression is common in primary care. Most depressed patients suffer from other disorders, often anxiety.

Generalised anxiety disorder was present in 55.2% of depressed patients (95% CI, 41.6–68), panic disorder in 33.8% (95% CI, 21.1–47.1), dysthymia in 15.7% (95% CI, 10.3–23.4) and somatisation disorder in 6.6% (95% CI, 3.3-12.8).

S0212656709001905

Comorbidity of major depression with other common mental disorders in primary care patients

Keywords Major depressive disorder Dysthymic disorder Anxiety disorders Somatization disorder Comorbidity Primary health care

Abstract Introduction Psychiatric comorbidity affects the impact, the prognosis and the management of depression. Aims To determine the prevalence of other <dis>common mental disorders</dis> in patients with major depression and to analyse their associated comorbidities. Design Two-stage cross-sectional study: _a)_ screening (Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale); _b)_ a standardised psychiatric interview. Settings Ten health centres in the province of Tarragona. Patients A total of 906 consecutive patients were screened. In the second stage, the 209 patients who gave a positive result and 97 patients who gave a negative result (1/7 at random) were evaluated. Analysis The statistical analysis used weights that took into account the two-stage sampling. The frequency with which dysthymia, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and somatisation disorder presented concomitantly with major depression was determined. The characteristics of the depressed patients were compared for different degrees of comorbidity. Results In 45.7% (95% CI, 32.8–59.2) of patients with major depression there was one other coexisting <dis>mental disorder</dis>, in 19.9% (95% CI, 13.7–27.9) two more <dis>mental disorders</dis> and in 8.3% (95% CI, 4.5–14.8) three more <dis>mental disorders</dis>. Generalised anxiety disorder was present in 55.2% of depressed patients (95% CI, 41.6–68), panic disorder in 33.8% (95% CI, 21.1–47.1), dysthymia in 15.7% (95% CI, 10.3–23.4) and somatisation disorder in 6.6% (95% CI, 3.3-12.8). In the groups of patients with comorbidity, the depression was more severe and had a greater functional impact. There were no differences in the clinical management variables. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidity of depression is common in primary care. Most depressed patients suffer from other disorders, often anxiety.

Abstract Introduction Psychiatric comorbidity affects the impact, the prognosis and the management of depression. Aims To determine the prevalence of other common mental disorders in patients with major depression and to analyse their associated comorbidities. Design Two-stage cross-sectional study: _a)_ screening (Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale); _b)_ a standardised psychiatric interview. Settings Ten health centres in the province of Tarragona. Patients A total of 906 consecutive patients were screened. In the second stage, the 209 patients who gave a positive result and 97 patients who gave a negative result (1/7 at random) were evaluated. Analysis The statistical analysis used weights that took into account the two-stage sampling. The frequency with which dysthymia, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and somatisation disorder presented concomitantly with major depression was determined. The characteristics of the depressed patients were compared for different degrees of comorbidity. Results In 45.7% (95% CI, 32.8–59.2) of patients with major depression there was one other coexisting mental disorder, in 19.9% (95% CI, 13.7–27.9) two more mental disorders and in 8.3% (95% CI, 4.5–14.8) three more mental disorders. Generalised anxiety disorder was present in 55.2% of depressed patients (95% CI, 41.6–68), panic disorder in 33.8% (95% CI, 21.1–47.1), dysthymia in 15.7% (95% CI, 10.3–23.4) and somatisation disorder in 6.6% (95% CI, 3.3-12.8). In the groups of patients with comorbidity, the depression was more severe and had a greater functional impact. There were no differences in the clinical management variables. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidity of depression is common in primary care. Most depressed patients suffer from other disorders, often anxiety.

In the groups of patients with comorbidity, the depression was more severe and had a greater functional impact. There were no differences in the clinical management variables. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidity of depression is common in primary care. Most depressed patients suffer from other disorders, often anxiety.

S0212656709001905

Comorbidity of major depression with other common mental disorders in primary care patients

Keywords Major depressive disorder Dysthymic disorder Anxiety disorders Somatization disorder Comorbidity Primary health care

Abstract Introduction Psychiatric comorbidity affects the impact, the prognosis and the management of depression. Aims To determine the prevalence of other <dis>common mental disorders</dis> in patients with major depression and to analyse their associated comorbidities. Design Two-stage cross-sectional study: _a)_ screening (Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale); _b)_ a standardised psychiatric interview. Settings Ten health centres in the province of Tarragona. Patients A total of 906 consecutive patients were screened. In the second stage, the 209 patients who gave a positive result and 97 patients who gave a negative result (1/7 at random) were evaluated. Analysis The statistical analysis used weights that took into account the two-stage sampling. The frequency with which dysthymia, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and somatisation disorder presented concomitantly with major depression was determined. The characteristics of the depressed patients were compared for different degrees of comorbidity. Results In 45.7% (95% CI, 32.8–59.2) of patients with major depression there was one other coexisting <dis>mental disorder</dis>, in 19.9% (95% CI, 13.7–27.9) two more <dis>mental disorders</dis> and in 8.3% (95% CI, 4.5–14.8) three more <dis>mental disorders</dis>. Generalised anxiety disorder was present in 55.2% of depressed patients (95% CI, 41.6–68), panic disorder in 33.8% (95% CI, 21.1–47.1), dysthymia in 15.7% (95% CI, 10.3–23.4) and somatisation disorder in 6.6% (95% CI, 3.3-12.8). In the groups of patients with comorbidity, the depression was more severe and had a greater functional impact. There were no differences in the clinical management variables. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidity of depression is common in primary care. Most depressed patients suffer from other disorders, often anxiety.

Abstract Introduction Psychiatric comorbidity affects the impact, the prognosis and the management of depression. Aims To determine the prevalence of other common mental disorders in patients with major depression and to analyse their associated comorbidities. Design Two-stage cross-sectional study: _a)_ screening (Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale); _b)_ a standardised psychiatric interview. Settings Ten health centres in the province of Tarragona. Patients A total of 906 consecutive patients were screened. In the second stage, the 209 patients who gave a positive result and 97 patients who gave a negative result (1/7 at random) were evaluated. Analysis The statistical analysis used weights that took into account the two-stage sampling. The frequency with which dysthymia, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and somatisation disorder presented concomitantly with major depression was determined. The characteristics of the depressed patients were compared for different degrees of comorbidity. Results In 45.7% (95% CI, 32.8–59.2) of patients with major depression there was one other coexisting mental disorder, in 19.9% (95% CI, 13.7–27.9) two more mental disorders and in 8.3% (95% CI, 4.5–14.8) three more mental disorders. Generalised anxiety disorder was present in 55.2% of depressed patients (95% CI, 41.6–68), panic disorder in 33.8% (95% CI, 21.1–47.1), dysthymia in 15.7% (95% CI, 10.3–23.4) and somatisation disorder in 6.6% (95% CI, 3.3-12.8). In the groups of patients with comorbidity, the depression was more severe and had a greater functional impact. There were no differences in the clinical management variables. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidity of depression is common in primary care. Most depressed patients suffer from other disorders, often anxiety.

Abstract In the last few years, there has been an explosion of new drugs acting on the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) but less attention has been paid to better knowledge of the symptoms of this disease and their pathogenesis and treatment, which is essential to improve patients’ quality of life. Because many patients have numerous concurrent symptoms during their clinical course, their management is complex and consequently it is important to know which symptoms are a direct result of the degenerative lesions of MS.

S0025775315300099

Treatment of multiple sclerosis symptoms and exacerbations

Keywords Multiple sclerosis Symptomatic treatment Treatment of exacerbations

Abstract In the last few years, there has been an explosion of new drugs acting on the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) but less attention has been paid to better knowledge of the symptoms of this disease and their pathogenesis and treatment, which is essential to improve patients’ quality of life. Because many patients have numerous concurrent symptoms during their clinical course, their management is complex and consequently it is important to know which symptoms are a direct result of the degenerative lesions of MS. The present article describes all the therapeutic options available for spasticity and its associated pain, paroxystic symptoms, fatigue, genitourinary disorders and sexual dysfunction, tremor, <dis>ataxia</dis>, <dis>gait disorder</dis> and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>, with special emphasis on novel treatments. The article also defines exacerbations, how to recognize them and the available treatments, mainly oral administration of high–dose methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis

Abstract In the last few years, there has been an explosion of new drugs acting on the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) but less attention has been paid to better knowledge of the symptoms of this disease and their pathogenesis and treatment, which is essential to improve patients’ quality of life. Because many patients have numerous concurrent symptoms during their clinical course, their management is complex and consequently it is important to know which symptoms are a direct result of the degenerative lesions of MS. The present article describes all the therapeutic options available for spasticity and its associated pain, paroxystic symptoms, fatigue, genitourinary disorders and sexual dysfunction, tremor, ataxia, gait disorder and cognitive impairment, with special emphasis on novel treatments. The article also defines exacerbations, how to recognize them and the available treatments, mainly oral administration of high–dose methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis

The present article describes all the therapeutic options available for spasticity and its associated pain, paroxystic symptoms, fatigue, genitourinary disorders and sexual dysfunction, tremor, ataxia, gait disorder and cognitive impairment, with special emphasis on novel treatments.

S0025775315300099

Treatment of multiple sclerosis symptoms and exacerbations

Keywords Multiple sclerosis Symptomatic treatment Treatment of exacerbations

Abstract In the last few years, there has been an explosion of new drugs acting on the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) but less attention has been paid to better knowledge of the symptoms of this disease and their pathogenesis and treatment, which is essential to improve patients’ quality of life. Because many patients have numerous concurrent symptoms during their clinical course, their management is complex and consequently it is important to know which symptoms are a direct result of the degenerative lesions of MS. The present article describes all the therapeutic options available for spasticity and its associated pain, paroxystic symptoms, fatigue, genitourinary disorders and sexual dysfunction, tremor, <dis>ataxia</dis>, <dis>gait disorder</dis> and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>, with special emphasis on novel treatments. The article also defines exacerbations, how to recognize them and the available treatments, mainly oral administration of high–dose methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis

Abstract In the last few years, there has been an explosion of new drugs acting on the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) but less attention has been paid to better knowledge of the symptoms of this disease and their pathogenesis and treatment, which is essential to improve patients’ quality of life. Because many patients have numerous concurrent symptoms during their clinical course, their management is complex and consequently it is important to know which symptoms are a direct result of the degenerative lesions of MS. The present article describes all the therapeutic options available for spasticity and its associated pain, paroxystic symptoms, fatigue, genitourinary disorders and sexual dysfunction, tremor, ataxia, gait disorder and cognitive impairment, with special emphasis on novel treatments. The article also defines exacerbations, how to recognize them and the available treatments, mainly oral administration of high–dose methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis

The article also defines exacerbations, how to recognize them and the available treatments, mainly oral administration of high–dose methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis

S0025775315300099

Treatment of multiple sclerosis symptoms and exacerbations

Keywords Multiple sclerosis Symptomatic treatment Treatment of exacerbations

Abstract In the last few years, there has been an explosion of new drugs acting on the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) but less attention has been paid to better knowledge of the symptoms of this disease and their pathogenesis and treatment, which is essential to improve patients’ quality of life. Because many patients have numerous concurrent symptoms during their clinical course, their management is complex and consequently it is important to know which symptoms are a direct result of the degenerative lesions of MS. The present article describes all the therapeutic options available for spasticity and its associated pain, paroxystic symptoms, fatigue, genitourinary disorders and sexual dysfunction, tremor, <dis>ataxia</dis>, <dis>gait disorder</dis> and <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>, with special emphasis on novel treatments. The article also defines exacerbations, how to recognize them and the available treatments, mainly oral administration of high–dose methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis

Abstract In the last few years, there has been an explosion of new drugs acting on the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) but less attention has been paid to better knowledge of the symptoms of this disease and their pathogenesis and treatment, which is essential to improve patients’ quality of life. Because many patients have numerous concurrent symptoms during their clinical course, their management is complex and consequently it is important to know which symptoms are a direct result of the degenerative lesions of MS. The present article describes all the therapeutic options available for spasticity and its associated pain, paroxystic symptoms, fatigue, genitourinary disorders and sexual dysfunction, tremor, ataxia, gait disorder and cognitive impairment, with special emphasis on novel treatments. The article also defines exacerbations, how to recognize them and the available treatments, mainly oral administration of high–dose methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis

Abstract Introduction We report the case of a 14-year-old girl with mental retardation and dysmorphic features referred to child psychiatry because of altered behavior at school. Material and methods Karyotyping (GTG banding), _in situ_ fluorescent hybridization (FISH) and molecular study of parental origin by polymorphic STS were performed. Results Genetic study revealed a 48,XXXX karyotype with a maternal origin of the X-tetrasomy.

S1888989110000091

X tetrasomy (48,XXXX karyotype) in a girl with altered behavior

Keywords X-tetrasomy Mental retardation Karyotype Altered behavior

Abstract Introduction We report the case of a 14-year-old girl with <dis>mental retardation</dis> and dysmorphic features referred to child psychiatry because of altered behavior at school. Material and methods Karyotyping (GTG banding), _in situ_ fluorescent hybridization (FISH) and molecular study of parental origin by polymorphic STS were performed. Results Genetic study revealed a 48,XXXX karyotype with a maternal origin of the X-tetrasomy. The mechanism was successive non-dysjunction at meiosis I and II. Conclusions The interest of this case lies in the rarity of the chromosomal anomaly and its late diagnosis, leading to a failure to adapt the girl's education to her needs, with consequences for her psyche.

Abstract Introduction We report the case of a 14-year-old girl with mental retardation and dysmorphic features referred to child psychiatry because of altered behavior at school. Material and methods Karyotyping (GTG banding), _in situ_ fluorescent hybridization (FISH) and molecular study of parental origin by polymorphic STS were performed. Results Genetic study revealed a 48,XXXX karyotype with a maternal origin of the X-tetrasomy. The mechanism was successive non-dysjunction at meiosis I and II. Conclusions The interest of this case lies in the rarity of the chromosomal anomaly and its late diagnosis, leading to a failure to adapt the girl's education to her needs, with consequences for her psyche.

The mechanism was successive non-dysjunction at meiosis I and II. Conclusions The interest of this case lies in the rarity of the chromosomal anomaly and its late diagnosis, leading to a failure to adapt the girl's education to her needs, with consequences for her psyche.

S1888989110000091

X tetrasomy (48,XXXX karyotype) in a girl with altered behavior

Keywords X-tetrasomy Mental retardation Karyotype Altered behavior

Abstract Introduction We report the case of a 14-year-old girl with <dis>mental retardation</dis> and dysmorphic features referred to child psychiatry because of altered behavior at school. Material and methods Karyotyping (GTG banding), _in situ_ fluorescent hybridization (FISH) and molecular study of parental origin by polymorphic STS were performed. Results Genetic study revealed a 48,XXXX karyotype with a maternal origin of the X-tetrasomy. The mechanism was successive non-dysjunction at meiosis I and II. Conclusions The interest of this case lies in the rarity of the chromosomal anomaly and its late diagnosis, leading to a failure to adapt the girl's education to her needs, with consequences for her psyche.

Abstract Introduction We report the case of a 14-year-old girl with mental retardation and dysmorphic features referred to child psychiatry because of altered behavior at school. Material and methods Karyotyping (GTG banding), _in situ_ fluorescent hybridization (FISH) and molecular study of parental origin by polymorphic STS were performed. Results Genetic study revealed a 48,XXXX karyotype with a maternal origin of the X-tetrasomy. The mechanism was successive non-dysjunction at meiosis I and II. Conclusions The interest of this case lies in the rarity of the chromosomal anomaly and its late diagnosis, leading to a failure to adapt the girl's education to her needs, with consequences for her psyche.

Abstract This report describes a patient with Von Hippel-Lindau disease revealed by an endolymphatic sac tumor. Endolymphatic sac tumor (EST) was only recently recognized as a manifestation of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. EST are vascular lesions that destroy and expand bone. We report a recently treated case of an EST. A 30-year-old woman presented with otalgia and hearing loss.

S0001651902783441

Endolymphatic sac tumour and von hippel-lindau disease. Revision of the literature

Key words Endolymphatic sac tumor Von Hippel-Lindau disease Molecular diagnosis

Abstract This report describes a patient with Von Hippel-Lindau disease revealed by an endolymphatic sac tumor. Endolymphatic sac tumor (EST) was only recently recognized as a manifestation of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. EST are vascular lesions that destroy and expand bone. We report a recently treated case of an EST. A 30-year-old woman presented with otalgia and <dis>hearing loss</dis>. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed typical features of an EST. We checked for VHL and found this disease in the patient. VHL disease is a hereditary cancer syndrome caused by germline mutations of the VHL tumor suppressor gene. A molecular diagnosis of VHL is nowadays available, and this has change the clinical management of patients and their families. Diagnosis of VHL has to be suspected in patients with a VHL-related tumor without familial history and especially in those cases of hemangioblastoma or endolymphatic sac tumors. Such patients should be systematically investigated for clinical and molecular evidence of VHL disease.

Abstract This report describes a patient with Von Hippel-Lindau disease revealed by an endolymphatic sac tumor. Endolymphatic sac tumor (EST) was only recently recognized as a manifestation of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. EST are vascular lesions that destroy and expand bone. We report a recently treated case of an EST. A 30-year-old woman presented with otalgia and hearing loss. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed typical features of an EST. We checked for VHL and found this disease in the patient. VHL disease is a hereditary cancer syndrome caused by germline mutations of the VHL tumor suppressor gene. A molecular diagnosis of VHL is nowadays available, and this has change the clinical management of patients and their families. Diagnosis of VHL has to be suspected in patients with a VHL-related tumor without familial history and especially in those cases of hemangioblastoma or endolymphatic sac tumors. Such patients should be systematically investigated for clinical and molecular evidence of VHL disease.

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed typical features of an EST. We checked for VHL and found this disease in the patient. VHL disease is a hereditary cancer syndrome caused by germline mutations of the VHL tumor suppressor gene. A molecular diagnosis of VHL is nowadays available, and this has change the clinical management of patients and their families.

S0001651902783441

Endolymphatic sac tumour and von hippel-lindau disease. Revision of the literature

Key words Endolymphatic sac tumor Von Hippel-Lindau disease Molecular diagnosis

Abstract This report describes a patient with Von Hippel-Lindau disease revealed by an endolymphatic sac tumor. Endolymphatic sac tumor (EST) was only recently recognized as a manifestation of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. EST are vascular lesions that destroy and expand bone. We report a recently treated case of an EST. A 30-year-old woman presented with otalgia and <dis>hearing loss</dis>. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed typical features of an EST. We checked for VHL and found this disease in the patient. VHL disease is a hereditary cancer syndrome caused by germline mutations of the VHL tumor suppressor gene. A molecular diagnosis of VHL is nowadays available, and this has change the clinical management of patients and their families. Diagnosis of VHL has to be suspected in patients with a VHL-related tumor without familial history and especially in those cases of hemangioblastoma or endolymphatic sac tumors. Such patients should be systematically investigated for clinical and molecular evidence of VHL disease.

Abstract This report describes a patient with Von Hippel-Lindau disease revealed by an endolymphatic sac tumor. Endolymphatic sac tumor (EST) was only recently recognized as a manifestation of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. EST are vascular lesions that destroy and expand bone. We report a recently treated case of an EST. A 30-year-old woman presented with otalgia and hearing loss. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed typical features of an EST. We checked for VHL and found this disease in the patient. VHL disease is a hereditary cancer syndrome caused by germline mutations of the VHL tumor suppressor gene. A molecular diagnosis of VHL is nowadays available, and this has change the clinical management of patients and their families. Diagnosis of VHL has to be suspected in patients with a VHL-related tumor without familial history and especially in those cases of hemangioblastoma or endolymphatic sac tumors. Such patients should be systematically investigated for clinical and molecular evidence of VHL disease.

Diagnosis of VHL has to be suspected in patients with a VHL-related tumor without familial history and especially in those cases of hemangioblastoma or endolymphatic sac tumors. Such patients should be systematically investigated for clinical and molecular evidence of VHL disease.

S0001651902783441

Endolymphatic sac tumour and von hippel-lindau disease. Revision of the literature

Key words Endolymphatic sac tumor Von Hippel-Lindau disease Molecular diagnosis

Abstract This report describes a patient with Von Hippel-Lindau disease revealed by an endolymphatic sac tumor. Endolymphatic sac tumor (EST) was only recently recognized as a manifestation of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. EST are vascular lesions that destroy and expand bone. We report a recently treated case of an EST. A 30-year-old woman presented with otalgia and <dis>hearing loss</dis>. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed typical features of an EST. We checked for VHL and found this disease in the patient. VHL disease is a hereditary cancer syndrome caused by germline mutations of the VHL tumor suppressor gene. A molecular diagnosis of VHL is nowadays available, and this has change the clinical management of patients and their families. Diagnosis of VHL has to be suspected in patients with a VHL-related tumor without familial history and especially in those cases of hemangioblastoma or endolymphatic sac tumors. Such patients should be systematically investigated for clinical and molecular evidence of VHL disease.

Abstract This report describes a patient with Von Hippel-Lindau disease revealed by an endolymphatic sac tumor. Endolymphatic sac tumor (EST) was only recently recognized as a manifestation of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. EST are vascular lesions that destroy and expand bone. We report a recently treated case of an EST. A 30-year-old woman presented with otalgia and hearing loss. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed typical features of an EST. We checked for VHL and found this disease in the patient. VHL disease is a hereditary cancer syndrome caused by germline mutations of the VHL tumor suppressor gene. A molecular diagnosis of VHL is nowadays available, and this has change the clinical management of patients and their families. Diagnosis of VHL has to be suspected in patients with a VHL-related tumor without familial history and especially in those cases of hemangioblastoma or endolymphatic sac tumors. Such patients should be systematically investigated for clinical and molecular evidence of VHL disease.

Abstract Cognitive impairment is becoming increasingly more common in primary care, and not all is due to Alzheimer's disease or Vascular Dementia. Other diagnostic possibilities, such as normotensive hydrocephalus or chronic adult hydrocephalus also have very similar signs.

S1138359311000190

Cognitive Impairment: a Case Presentation

Keywords Dementia Hydrocephalus Urinary incontinence

Abstract <dis>Cognitive impairment</dis> is becoming increasingly more common in primary care, and not all is due to Alzheimer's disease or <dis>Vascular Dementia</dis>. Other diagnostic possibilities, such as normotensive hydrocephalus or chronic adult hydrocephalus also have very similar signs. A clinical case of normotensive hydrocephalus is presented, a condition that is characterised by a typical triad: <dis>Gait disturbance</dis>, <dis>dementia</dis> and urinary incontinence.

Abstract Cognitive impairment is becoming increasingly more common in primary care, and not all is due to Alzheimer's disease or Vascular Dementia. Other diagnostic possibilities, such as normotensive hydrocephalus or chronic adult hydrocephalus also have very similar signs. A clinical case of normotensive hydrocephalus is presented, a condition that is characterised by a typical triad: Gait disturbance, dementia and urinary incontinence.

A clinical case of normotensive hydrocephalus is presented, a condition that is characterised by a typical triad: Gait disturbance, dementia and urinary incontinence.

S1138359311000190

Cognitive Impairment: a Case Presentation

Keywords Dementia Hydrocephalus Urinary incontinence

Abstract <dis>Cognitive impairment</dis> is becoming increasingly more common in primary care, and not all is due to Alzheimer's disease or <dis>Vascular Dementia</dis>. Other diagnostic possibilities, such as normotensive hydrocephalus or chronic adult hydrocephalus also have very similar signs. A clinical case of normotensive hydrocephalus is presented, a condition that is characterised by a typical triad: <dis>Gait disturbance</dis>, <dis>dementia</dis> and urinary incontinence.

Abstract Cognitive impairment is becoming increasingly more common in primary care, and not all is due to Alzheimer's disease or Vascular Dementia. Other diagnostic possibilities, such as normotensive hydrocephalus or chronic adult hydrocephalus also have very similar signs. A clinical case of normotensive hydrocephalus is presented, a condition that is characterised by a typical triad: Gait disturbance, dementia and urinary incontinence.

Bariatric surgery is an effective therapy for patients with medical treatment-resistant morbid obesity. Improves anthropometric parameters, cardiovascular risks and life quality. However, bariatric surgery procedures increases the risk of nutritional deficit, and can cause postoperative neurological complications as encephalopathy, ataxia or polyneuropathies; or aggravate an existing neuropathy.

S1853002817300484

Bariatric surgery in a patient with spinocerebellar ataxia. A case report

Keywords Ataxia Obesity Bariatric

Bariatric surgery is an effective therapy for patients with medical treatment-resistant morbid obesity. Improves anthropometric parameters, cardiovascular risks and life quality. However, bariatric surgery procedures increases the risk of nutritional deficit, and can cause postoperative neurological complications as encephalopathy, <dis>ataxia</dis> or polyneuropathies; or aggravate an existing neuropathy. Usually, these complications are more frequent in malabsorptive procedures than in restrictive ones. We present a clinical case of a patient with <dis>spinocerebellar ataxia</dis> who undergoes bariatric surgery. Successfully, bariatric surgery has been achieved in a patient with <dis>ataxia</dis> and hypoalbuminemia, without nutritional or neurological worsening in the medium term.

Bariatric surgery is an effective therapy for patients with medical treatment-resistant morbid obesity. Improves anthropometric parameters, cardiovascular risks and life quality. However, bariatric surgery procedures increases the risk of nutritional deficit, and can cause postoperative neurological complications as encephalopathy, ataxia or polyneuropathies; or aggravate an existing neuropathy. Usually, these complications are more frequent in malabsorptive procedures than in restrictive ones. We present a clinical case of a patient with spinocerebellar ataxia who undergoes bariatric surgery. Successfully, bariatric surgery has been achieved in a patient with ataxia and hypoalbuminemia, without nutritional or neurological worsening in the medium term.

Usually, these complications are more frequent in malabsorptive procedures than in restrictive ones. We present a clinical case of a patient with spinocerebellar ataxia who undergoes bariatric surgery. Successfully, bariatric surgery has been achieved in a patient with ataxia and hypoalbuminemia, without nutritional or neurological worsening in the medium term.

S1853002817300484

Bariatric surgery in a patient with spinocerebellar ataxia. A case report

Keywords Ataxia Obesity Bariatric

Bariatric surgery is an effective therapy for patients with medical treatment-resistant morbid obesity. Improves anthropometric parameters, cardiovascular risks and life quality. However, bariatric surgery procedures increases the risk of nutritional deficit, and can cause postoperative neurological complications as encephalopathy, <dis>ataxia</dis> or polyneuropathies; or aggravate an existing neuropathy. Usually, these complications are more frequent in malabsorptive procedures than in restrictive ones. We present a clinical case of a patient with <dis>spinocerebellar ataxia</dis> who undergoes bariatric surgery. Successfully, bariatric surgery has been achieved in a patient with <dis>ataxia</dis> and hypoalbuminemia, without nutritional or neurological worsening in the medium term.

Bariatric surgery is an effective therapy for patients with medical treatment-resistant morbid obesity. Improves anthropometric parameters, cardiovascular risks and life quality. However, bariatric surgery procedures increases the risk of nutritional deficit, and can cause postoperative neurological complications as encephalopathy, ataxia or polyneuropathies; or aggravate an existing neuropathy. Usually, these complications are more frequent in malabsorptive procedures than in restrictive ones. We present a clinical case of a patient with spinocerebellar ataxia who undergoes bariatric surgery. Successfully, bariatric surgery has been achieved in a patient with ataxia and hypoalbuminemia, without nutritional or neurological worsening in the medium term.

Abstract Introduction and objectives The activity of behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS and BAS) has been related to several mental disorders. The availability of a validated questionnaire to assess BIS and BAS over the telephone could aid research.

S2173505009700330

Evaluation of behavioural activation and inhibition systems by telephone

Keywords Telephone assessment Behavioral activation system Behavioral inhibition system SPSRQ

Abstract Introduction and objectives The activity of behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS and BAS) has been related to several <dis>mental disorders</dis>. The availability of a validated questionnaire to assess BIS and BAS over the telephone could aid research. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the procedural validity of telephone administration of the sensitivity to punishment/sensitivity to reward questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of BIS and BAS activity (by means of its two scales: the sensitivity to punishment [SP] scale and the sensitivity to reward [SR] scale). Methods A total of 231 participants were assessed with the SPSRQ twice (over the telephone and in a self-administered format). Intraclass correlation coefficients and kappa indices were calculated. Additionally, possible differences between the mean scores obtained with the two assessment procedures and internal consistency were explored. Results Telephone and self-assessment of BIS and BAS, by means of the SPSRQ, provided similar results, supporting the procedural validity of telephone administration. A slight but statistically significant tendency (estimated betha = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.33–0.92; p < 0.001) toward lower scores was observed for the telephone-administered SP scale and for the interaction “first or second assessment/telephone or self-administered SPSRQ” for the SR scale (p = 0.023). Conclusions The results of the present study support the reliability of telephone assessment of BIS and BAS by means of the SPSRQ.

Abstract Introduction and objectives The activity of behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS and BAS) has been related to several mental disorders. The availability of a validated questionnaire to assess BIS and BAS over the telephone could aid research. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the procedural validity of telephone administration of the sensitivity to punishment/sensitivity to reward questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of BIS and BAS activity (by means of its two scales: the sensitivity to punishment [SP] scale and the sensitivity to reward [SR] scale). Methods A total of 231 participants were assessed with the SPSRQ twice (over the telephone and in a self-administered format). Intraclass correlation coefficients and kappa indices were calculated. Additionally, possible differences between the mean scores obtained with the two assessment procedures and internal consistency were explored. Results Telephone and self-assessment of BIS and BAS, by means of the SPSRQ, provided similar results, supporting the procedural validity of telephone administration. A slight but statistically significant tendency (estimated betha = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.33–0.92; p < 0.001) toward lower scores was observed for the telephone-administered SP scale and for the interaction “first or second assessment/telephone or self-administered SPSRQ” for the SR scale (p = 0.023). Conclusions The results of the present study support the reliability of telephone assessment of BIS and BAS by means of the SPSRQ.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the procedural validity of telephone administration of the sensitivity to punishment/sensitivity to reward questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of BIS and BAS activity (by means of its two scales: the sensitivity to punishment [SP] scale and the sensitivity to reward [SR] scale). Methods A total of 231 participants were assessed with the SPSRQ twice (over the telephone and in a self-administered format). Intraclass correlation coefficients and kappa indices were calculated.

S2173505009700330

Evaluation of behavioural activation and inhibition systems by telephone

Keywords Telephone assessment Behavioral activation system Behavioral inhibition system SPSRQ

Abstract Introduction and objectives The activity of behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS and BAS) has been related to several <dis>mental disorders</dis>. The availability of a validated questionnaire to assess BIS and BAS over the telephone could aid research. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the procedural validity of telephone administration of the sensitivity to punishment/sensitivity to reward questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of BIS and BAS activity (by means of its two scales: the sensitivity to punishment [SP] scale and the sensitivity to reward [SR] scale). Methods A total of 231 participants were assessed with the SPSRQ twice (over the telephone and in a self-administered format). Intraclass correlation coefficients and kappa indices were calculated. Additionally, possible differences between the mean scores obtained with the two assessment procedures and internal consistency were explored. Results Telephone and self-assessment of BIS and BAS, by means of the SPSRQ, provided similar results, supporting the procedural validity of telephone administration. A slight but statistically significant tendency (estimated betha = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.33–0.92; p < 0.001) toward lower scores was observed for the telephone-administered SP scale and for the interaction “first or second assessment/telephone or self-administered SPSRQ” for the SR scale (p = 0.023). Conclusions The results of the present study support the reliability of telephone assessment of BIS and BAS by means of the SPSRQ.

Abstract Introduction and objectives The activity of behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS and BAS) has been related to several mental disorders. The availability of a validated questionnaire to assess BIS and BAS over the telephone could aid research. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the procedural validity of telephone administration of the sensitivity to punishment/sensitivity to reward questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of BIS and BAS activity (by means of its two scales: the sensitivity to punishment [SP] scale and the sensitivity to reward [SR] scale). Methods A total of 231 participants were assessed with the SPSRQ twice (over the telephone and in a self-administered format). Intraclass correlation coefficients and kappa indices were calculated. Additionally, possible differences between the mean scores obtained with the two assessment procedures and internal consistency were explored. Results Telephone and self-assessment of BIS and BAS, by means of the SPSRQ, provided similar results, supporting the procedural validity of telephone administration. A slight but statistically significant tendency (estimated betha = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.33–0.92; p < 0.001) toward lower scores was observed for the telephone-administered SP scale and for the interaction “first or second assessment/telephone or self-administered SPSRQ” for the SR scale (p = 0.023). Conclusions The results of the present study support the reliability of telephone assessment of BIS and BAS by means of the SPSRQ.

Additionally, possible differences between the mean scores obtained with the two assessment procedures and internal consistency were explored. Results Telephone and self-assessment of BIS and BAS, by means of the SPSRQ, provided similar results, supporting the procedural validity of telephone administration.

S2173505009700330

Evaluation of behavioural activation and inhibition systems by telephone

Keywords Telephone assessment Behavioral activation system Behavioral inhibition system SPSRQ

Abstract Introduction and objectives The activity of behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS and BAS) has been related to several <dis>mental disorders</dis>. The availability of a validated questionnaire to assess BIS and BAS over the telephone could aid research. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the procedural validity of telephone administration of the sensitivity to punishment/sensitivity to reward questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of BIS and BAS activity (by means of its two scales: the sensitivity to punishment [SP] scale and the sensitivity to reward [SR] scale). Methods A total of 231 participants were assessed with the SPSRQ twice (over the telephone and in a self-administered format). Intraclass correlation coefficients and kappa indices were calculated. Additionally, possible differences between the mean scores obtained with the two assessment procedures and internal consistency were explored. Results Telephone and self-assessment of BIS and BAS, by means of the SPSRQ, provided similar results, supporting the procedural validity of telephone administration. A slight but statistically significant tendency (estimated betha = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.33–0.92; p < 0.001) toward lower scores was observed for the telephone-administered SP scale and for the interaction “first or second assessment/telephone or self-administered SPSRQ” for the SR scale (p = 0.023). Conclusions The results of the present study support the reliability of telephone assessment of BIS and BAS by means of the SPSRQ.

Abstract Introduction and objectives The activity of behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS and BAS) has been related to several mental disorders. The availability of a validated questionnaire to assess BIS and BAS over the telephone could aid research. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the procedural validity of telephone administration of the sensitivity to punishment/sensitivity to reward questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of BIS and BAS activity (by means of its two scales: the sensitivity to punishment [SP] scale and the sensitivity to reward [SR] scale). Methods A total of 231 participants were assessed with the SPSRQ twice (over the telephone and in a self-administered format). Intraclass correlation coefficients and kappa indices were calculated. Additionally, possible differences between the mean scores obtained with the two assessment procedures and internal consistency were explored. Results Telephone and self-assessment of BIS and BAS, by means of the SPSRQ, provided similar results, supporting the procedural validity of telephone administration. A slight but statistically significant tendency (estimated betha = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.33–0.92; p < 0.001) toward lower scores was observed for the telephone-administered SP scale and for the interaction “first or second assessment/telephone or self-administered SPSRQ” for the SR scale (p = 0.023). Conclusions The results of the present study support the reliability of telephone assessment of BIS and BAS by means of the SPSRQ.

A slight but statistically significant tendency (estimated betha = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.33–0.92; p < 0.001) toward lower scores was observed for the telephone-administered SP scale and for the interaction “first or second assessment/telephone or self-administered SPSRQ” for the SR scale (p = 0.023).

S2173505009700330

Evaluation of behavioural activation and inhibition systems by telephone

Keywords Telephone assessment Behavioral activation system Behavioral inhibition system SPSRQ

Abstract Introduction and objectives The activity of behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS and BAS) has been related to several <dis>mental disorders</dis>. The availability of a validated questionnaire to assess BIS and BAS over the telephone could aid research. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the procedural validity of telephone administration of the sensitivity to punishment/sensitivity to reward questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of BIS and BAS activity (by means of its two scales: the sensitivity to punishment [SP] scale and the sensitivity to reward [SR] scale). Methods A total of 231 participants were assessed with the SPSRQ twice (over the telephone and in a self-administered format). Intraclass correlation coefficients and kappa indices were calculated. Additionally, possible differences between the mean scores obtained with the two assessment procedures and internal consistency were explored. Results Telephone and self-assessment of BIS and BAS, by means of the SPSRQ, provided similar results, supporting the procedural validity of telephone administration. A slight but statistically significant tendency (estimated betha = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.33–0.92; p < 0.001) toward lower scores was observed for the telephone-administered SP scale and for the interaction “first or second assessment/telephone or self-administered SPSRQ” for the SR scale (p = 0.023). Conclusions The results of the present study support the reliability of telephone assessment of BIS and BAS by means of the SPSRQ.

Abstract Introduction and objectives The activity of behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS and BAS) has been related to several mental disorders. The availability of a validated questionnaire to assess BIS and BAS over the telephone could aid research. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the procedural validity of telephone administration of the sensitivity to punishment/sensitivity to reward questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of BIS and BAS activity (by means of its two scales: the sensitivity to punishment [SP] scale and the sensitivity to reward [SR] scale). Methods A total of 231 participants were assessed with the SPSRQ twice (over the telephone and in a self-administered format). Intraclass correlation coefficients and kappa indices were calculated. Additionally, possible differences between the mean scores obtained with the two assessment procedures and internal consistency were explored. Results Telephone and self-assessment of BIS and BAS, by means of the SPSRQ, provided similar results, supporting the procedural validity of telephone administration. A slight but statistically significant tendency (estimated betha = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.33–0.92; p < 0.001) toward lower scores was observed for the telephone-administered SP scale and for the interaction “first or second assessment/telephone or self-administered SPSRQ” for the SR scale (p = 0.023). Conclusions The results of the present study support the reliability of telephone assessment of BIS and BAS by means of the SPSRQ.

Conclusions The results of the present study support the reliability of telephone assessment of BIS and BAS by means of the SPSRQ.

S2173505009700330

Evaluation of behavioural activation and inhibition systems by telephone

Keywords Telephone assessment Behavioral activation system Behavioral inhibition system SPSRQ

Abstract Introduction and objectives The activity of behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS and BAS) has been related to several <dis>mental disorders</dis>. The availability of a validated questionnaire to assess BIS and BAS over the telephone could aid research. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the procedural validity of telephone administration of the sensitivity to punishment/sensitivity to reward questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of BIS and BAS activity (by means of its two scales: the sensitivity to punishment [SP] scale and the sensitivity to reward [SR] scale). Methods A total of 231 participants were assessed with the SPSRQ twice (over the telephone and in a self-administered format). Intraclass correlation coefficients and kappa indices were calculated. Additionally, possible differences between the mean scores obtained with the two assessment procedures and internal consistency were explored. Results Telephone and self-assessment of BIS and BAS, by means of the SPSRQ, provided similar results, supporting the procedural validity of telephone administration. A slight but statistically significant tendency (estimated betha = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.33–0.92; p < 0.001) toward lower scores was observed for the telephone-administered SP scale and for the interaction “first or second assessment/telephone or self-administered SPSRQ” for the SR scale (p = 0.023). Conclusions The results of the present study support the reliability of telephone assessment of BIS and BAS by means of the SPSRQ.

Abstract Introduction and objectives The activity of behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS and BAS) has been related to several mental disorders. The availability of a validated questionnaire to assess BIS and BAS over the telephone could aid research. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the procedural validity of telephone administration of the sensitivity to punishment/sensitivity to reward questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of BIS and BAS activity (by means of its two scales: the sensitivity to punishment [SP] scale and the sensitivity to reward [SR] scale). Methods A total of 231 participants were assessed with the SPSRQ twice (over the telephone and in a self-administered format). Intraclass correlation coefficients and kappa indices were calculated. Additionally, possible differences between the mean scores obtained with the two assessment procedures and internal consistency were explored. Results Telephone and self-assessment of BIS and BAS, by means of the SPSRQ, provided similar results, supporting the procedural validity of telephone administration. A slight but statistically significant tendency (estimated betha = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.33–0.92; p < 0.001) toward lower scores was observed for the telephone-administered SP scale and for the interaction “first or second assessment/telephone or self-administered SPSRQ” for the SR scale (p = 0.023). Conclusions The results of the present study support the reliability of telephone assessment of BIS and BAS by means of the SPSRQ.

Abstract We present an 8 years patient old with a giant dilatation of the vestibular aqueduct associated with profound and progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The patient received a cochlear implant and during the surgery a pulsatile clear fluid via the cochleostomy was observed, without gusher. We present all the problems, and offer some advices for this kind of surgery.

S0001651905785861

Cochlear implant in a patient with dilatation of the endolymphatic sac and vestibular aqueduct

Key words Dilatation of the vestibular aqueduct Cochlear implant

Abstract We present an 8 years patient old with a giant dilatation of the vestibular aqueduct associated with <dis>profound and progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss</dis>. The patient received a cochlear implant and during the surgery a pulsatile clear fluid via the cochleostomy was observed, without gusher. We present all the problems, and offer some advices for this kind of surgery.

Abstract We present an 8 years patient old with a giant dilatation of the vestibular aqueduct associated with profound and progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The patient received a cochlear implant and during the surgery a pulsatile clear fluid via the cochleostomy was observed, without gusher. We present all the problems, and offer some advices for this kind of surgery.

Abstract Introduction Colombia is experiencing an aging of its population. In Risaralda the population over 65 years of age by the year 2005 was 63,668, according to projections by DANE for the year 2010 it was 73,510.

S003474501460158X

Quality of Life in Institutionalized Elderly in Pereira

Key words Quality of life health of the elderly demographic aging

Abstract Introduction Colombia is experiencing an aging of its population. In Risaralda the population over 65 years of age by the year 2005 was 63,668, according to projections by DANE for the year 2010 it was 73,510. Students and faculty from different programs of the Technological University of Pereira, have been engaged in a variety of actions in order to encourage the participation of the elderly in welfare centers in physical, artistic, cultural, and social activities to improve their quality of life. Methods This quasi-experimental research evaluated the impact of these interventions on the quality of life of older adults in each of the protection centers by the application of the COOP/WONCA test. The exclusion criteria were: Having some kind of restriction that affected the quality of information provided or that completely prevented its communication (<dis>memory problems</dis> or <dis>dementia</dis>). Only six people were excluded. Results We did a ranges test to assess quality of life before and after the interventions and obtained more negative ranges (47) than positive ones(26). Conclusions According to these results there was an increase in the quality of life in the elderly which cannot be attributed to a particular intervention, but to the contact with other people.

Abstract Introduction Colombia is experiencing an aging of its population. In Risaralda the population over 65 years of age by the year 2005 was 63,668, according to projections by DANE for the year 2010 it was 73,510. Students and faculty from different programs of the Technological University of Pereira, have been engaged in a variety of actions in order to encourage the participation of the elderly in welfare centers in physical, artistic, cultural, and social activities to improve their quality of life. Methods This quasi-experimental research evaluated the impact of these interventions on the quality of life of older adults in each of the protection centers by the application of the COOP/WONCA test. The exclusion criteria were: Having some kind of restriction that affected the quality of information provided or that completely prevented its communication (memory problems or dementia). Only six people were excluded. Results We did a ranges test to assess quality of life before and after the interventions and obtained more negative ranges (47) than positive ones(26). Conclusions According to these results there was an increase in the quality of life in the elderly which cannot be attributed to a particular intervention, but to the contact with other people.

Students and faculty from different programs of the Technological University of Pereira, have been engaged in a variety of actions in order to encourage the participation of the elderly in welfare centers in physical, artistic, cultural, and social activities to improve their quality of life. Methods This quasi-experimental research evaluated the impact of these interventions on the quality of life of older adults in each of the protection centers by the application of the COOP/WONCA test.

S003474501460158X

Quality of Life in Institutionalized Elderly in Pereira

Key words Quality of life health of the elderly demographic aging

Abstract Introduction Colombia is experiencing an aging of its population. In Risaralda the population over 65 years of age by the year 2005 was 63,668, according to projections by DANE for the year 2010 it was 73,510. Students and faculty from different programs of the Technological University of Pereira, have been engaged in a variety of actions in order to encourage the participation of the elderly in welfare centers in physical, artistic, cultural, and social activities to improve their quality of life. Methods This quasi-experimental research evaluated the impact of these interventions on the quality of life of older adults in each of the protection centers by the application of the COOP/WONCA test. The exclusion criteria were: Having some kind of restriction that affected the quality of information provided or that completely prevented its communication (<dis>memory problems</dis> or <dis>dementia</dis>). Only six people were excluded. Results We did a ranges test to assess quality of life before and after the interventions and obtained more negative ranges (47) than positive ones(26). Conclusions According to these results there was an increase in the quality of life in the elderly which cannot be attributed to a particular intervention, but to the contact with other people.

Abstract Introduction Colombia is experiencing an aging of its population. In Risaralda the population over 65 years of age by the year 2005 was 63,668, according to projections by DANE for the year 2010 it was 73,510. Students and faculty from different programs of the Technological University of Pereira, have been engaged in a variety of actions in order to encourage the participation of the elderly in welfare centers in physical, artistic, cultural, and social activities to improve their quality of life. Methods This quasi-experimental research evaluated the impact of these interventions on the quality of life of older adults in each of the protection centers by the application of the COOP/WONCA test. The exclusion criteria were: Having some kind of restriction that affected the quality of information provided or that completely prevented its communication (memory problems or dementia). Only six people were excluded. Results We did a ranges test to assess quality of life before and after the interventions and obtained more negative ranges (47) than positive ones(26). Conclusions According to these results there was an increase in the quality of life in the elderly which cannot be attributed to a particular intervention, but to the contact with other people.

The exclusion criteria were: Having some kind of restriction that affected the quality of information provided or that completely prevented its communication (memory problems or dementia). Only six people were excluded. Results We did a ranges test to assess quality of life before and after the interventions and obtained more negative ranges (47) than positive ones(26). Conclusions According to these results there was an increase in the quality of life in the elderly which cannot be attributed to a particular intervention, but to the contact with other people.

S003474501460158X

Quality of Life in Institutionalized Elderly in Pereira

Key words Quality of life health of the elderly demographic aging

Abstract Introduction Colombia is experiencing an aging of its population. In Risaralda the population over 65 years of age by the year 2005 was 63,668, according to projections by DANE for the year 2010 it was 73,510. Students and faculty from different programs of the Technological University of Pereira, have been engaged in a variety of actions in order to encourage the participation of the elderly in welfare centers in physical, artistic, cultural, and social activities to improve their quality of life. Methods This quasi-experimental research evaluated the impact of these interventions on the quality of life of older adults in each of the protection centers by the application of the COOP/WONCA test. The exclusion criteria were: Having some kind of restriction that affected the quality of information provided or that completely prevented its communication (<dis>memory problems</dis> or <dis>dementia</dis>). Only six people were excluded. Results We did a ranges test to assess quality of life before and after the interventions and obtained more negative ranges (47) than positive ones(26). Conclusions According to these results there was an increase in the quality of life in the elderly which cannot be attributed to a particular intervention, but to the contact with other people.

Abstract Introduction Colombia is experiencing an aging of its population. In Risaralda the population over 65 years of age by the year 2005 was 63,668, according to projections by DANE for the year 2010 it was 73,510. Students and faculty from different programs of the Technological University of Pereira, have been engaged in a variety of actions in order to encourage the participation of the elderly in welfare centers in physical, artistic, cultural, and social activities to improve their quality of life. Methods This quasi-experimental research evaluated the impact of these interventions on the quality of life of older adults in each of the protection centers by the application of the COOP/WONCA test. The exclusion criteria were: Having some kind of restriction that affected the quality of information provided or that completely prevented its communication (memory problems or dementia). Only six people were excluded. Results We did a ranges test to assess quality of life before and after the interventions and obtained more negative ranges (47) than positive ones(26). Conclusions According to these results there was an increase in the quality of life in the elderly which cannot be attributed to a particular intervention, but to the contact with other people.

Abstract Introduction Ménière's disease is characterised by vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus. Various studies assess the problem of vertigo and audition deficit in Ménière's disease, but only a few of these relate to the clinical characteristics of tinnitus, the aim of this study. Material and methods A transversal descriptive study of the behaviour of tinnitus in 88 patients in different stages of Ménière's disease treated in a tertiary hospital was carried out.

S0001651910001020

Clinical characteristics of tinnitus in Ménière's disease

Keywords Ménière's disease Tinnitus Tinnitus Handicap Inventory Quality of life

Abstract Introduction Ménière's disease is characterised by vertigo, <dis>hearing loss</dis> and tinnitus. Various studies assess the problem of vertigo and audition deficit in Ménière's disease, but only a few of these relate to the clinical characteristics of tinnitus, the aim of this study. Material and methods A transversal descriptive study of the behaviour of tinnitus in 88 patients in different stages of Ménière's disease treated in a tertiary hospital was carried out. The different characteristics of disease were analysed: intensity was evaluated with an analogue-visual scale, subjective tonality through tonal shade references, the impact on the patient's quality of life was tested by a self-appraisal questionnaire, and competence level was evaluated with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Epidemiologic factors, personal records, hearing thresholds and evolution in the number of vertiginous crises in the previous six months were also taken into account. Results The average time of evolution of the disease was 15.4 years. The results evidence the development of tinnitus of moderate intensity (5/10) and low frequency (46%), with a slight impact on quality of life. Worsening in the quality of life related to hearing affectation and/or advanced stages of the disease was also observed. We identified high frequency tonality, a medical record of depression and youth as unfavourable prognostic factors. There was no relationship found with the years of evolution of the disease or with the number of vertigo crises. Conclusion In large samples of long evolution Ménière's disease, patients do not perceive tinnitus as a problem that produces serious impairment in their quality of life.

Abstract Introduction Ménière's disease is characterised by vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus. Various studies assess the problem of vertigo and audition deficit in Ménière's disease, but only a few of these relate to the clinical characteristics of tinnitus, the aim of this study. Material and methods A transversal descriptive study of the behaviour of tinnitus in 88 patients in different stages of Ménière's disease treated in a tertiary hospital was carried out. The different characteristics of disease were analysed: intensity was evaluated with an analogue-visual scale, subjective tonality through tonal shade references, the impact on the patient's quality of life was tested by a self-appraisal questionnaire, and competence level was evaluated with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Epidemiologic factors, personal records, hearing thresholds and evolution in the number of vertiginous crises in the previous six months were also taken into account. Results The average time of evolution of the disease was 15.4 years. The results evidence the development of tinnitus of moderate intensity (5/10) and low frequency (46%), with a slight impact on quality of life. Worsening in the quality of life related to hearing affectation and/or advanced stages of the disease was also observed. We identified high frequency tonality, a medical record of depression and youth as unfavourable prognostic factors. There was no relationship found with the years of evolution of the disease or with the number of vertigo crises. Conclusion In large samples of long evolution Ménière's disease, patients do not perceive tinnitus as a problem that produces serious impairment in their quality of life.

The different characteristics of disease were analysed: intensity was evaluated with an analogue-visual scale, subjective tonality through tonal shade references, the impact on the patient's quality of life was tested by a self-appraisal questionnaire, and competence level was evaluated with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Epidemiologic factors, personal records, hearing thresholds and evolution in the number of vertiginous crises in the previous six months were also taken into account. Results The average time of evolution of the disease was 15.4 years.

S0001651910001020

Clinical characteristics of tinnitus in Ménière's disease

Keywords Ménière's disease Tinnitus Tinnitus Handicap Inventory Quality of life

Abstract Introduction Ménière's disease is characterised by vertigo, <dis>hearing loss</dis> and tinnitus. Various studies assess the problem of vertigo and audition deficit in Ménière's disease, but only a few of these relate to the clinical characteristics of tinnitus, the aim of this study. Material and methods A transversal descriptive study of the behaviour of tinnitus in 88 patients in different stages of Ménière's disease treated in a tertiary hospital was carried out. The different characteristics of disease were analysed: intensity was evaluated with an analogue-visual scale, subjective tonality through tonal shade references, the impact on the patient's quality of life was tested by a self-appraisal questionnaire, and competence level was evaluated with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Epidemiologic factors, personal records, hearing thresholds and evolution in the number of vertiginous crises in the previous six months were also taken into account. Results The average time of evolution of the disease was 15.4 years. The results evidence the development of tinnitus of moderate intensity (5/10) and low frequency (46%), with a slight impact on quality of life. Worsening in the quality of life related to hearing affectation and/or advanced stages of the disease was also observed. We identified high frequency tonality, a medical record of depression and youth as unfavourable prognostic factors. There was no relationship found with the years of evolution of the disease or with the number of vertigo crises. Conclusion In large samples of long evolution Ménière's disease, patients do not perceive tinnitus as a problem that produces serious impairment in their quality of life.

Abstract Introduction Ménière's disease is characterised by vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus. Various studies assess the problem of vertigo and audition deficit in Ménière's disease, but only a few of these relate to the clinical characteristics of tinnitus, the aim of this study. Material and methods A transversal descriptive study of the behaviour of tinnitus in 88 patients in different stages of Ménière's disease treated in a tertiary hospital was carried out. The different characteristics of disease were analysed: intensity was evaluated with an analogue-visual scale, subjective tonality through tonal shade references, the impact on the patient's quality of life was tested by a self-appraisal questionnaire, and competence level was evaluated with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Epidemiologic factors, personal records, hearing thresholds and evolution in the number of vertiginous crises in the previous six months were also taken into account. Results The average time of evolution of the disease was 15.4 years. The results evidence the development of tinnitus of moderate intensity (5/10) and low frequency (46%), with a slight impact on quality of life. Worsening in the quality of life related to hearing affectation and/or advanced stages of the disease was also observed. We identified high frequency tonality, a medical record of depression and youth as unfavourable prognostic factors. There was no relationship found with the years of evolution of the disease or with the number of vertigo crises. Conclusion In large samples of long evolution Ménière's disease, patients do not perceive tinnitus as a problem that produces serious impairment in their quality of life.

The results evidence the development of tinnitus of moderate intensity (5/10) and low frequency (46%), with a slight impact on quality of life. Worsening in the quality of life related to hearing affectation and/or advanced stages of the disease was also observed. We identified high frequency tonality, a medical record of depression and youth as unfavourable prognostic factors. There was no relationship found with the years of evolution of the disease or with the number of vertigo crises.

S0001651910001020

Clinical characteristics of tinnitus in Ménière's disease

Keywords Ménière's disease Tinnitus Tinnitus Handicap Inventory Quality of life

Abstract Introduction Ménière's disease is characterised by vertigo, <dis>hearing loss</dis> and tinnitus. Various studies assess the problem of vertigo and audition deficit in Ménière's disease, but only a few of these relate to the clinical characteristics of tinnitus, the aim of this study. Material and methods A transversal descriptive study of the behaviour of tinnitus in 88 patients in different stages of Ménière's disease treated in a tertiary hospital was carried out. The different characteristics of disease were analysed: intensity was evaluated with an analogue-visual scale, subjective tonality through tonal shade references, the impact on the patient's quality of life was tested by a self-appraisal questionnaire, and competence level was evaluated with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Epidemiologic factors, personal records, hearing thresholds and evolution in the number of vertiginous crises in the previous six months were also taken into account. Results The average time of evolution of the disease was 15.4 years. The results evidence the development of tinnitus of moderate intensity (5/10) and low frequency (46%), with a slight impact on quality of life. Worsening in the quality of life related to hearing affectation and/or advanced stages of the disease was also observed. We identified high frequency tonality, a medical record of depression and youth as unfavourable prognostic factors. There was no relationship found with the years of evolution of the disease or with the number of vertigo crises. Conclusion In large samples of long evolution Ménière's disease, patients do not perceive tinnitus as a problem that produces serious impairment in their quality of life.

Abstract Introduction Ménière's disease is characterised by vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus. Various studies assess the problem of vertigo and audition deficit in Ménière's disease, but only a few of these relate to the clinical characteristics of tinnitus, the aim of this study. Material and methods A transversal descriptive study of the behaviour of tinnitus in 88 patients in different stages of Ménière's disease treated in a tertiary hospital was carried out. The different characteristics of disease were analysed: intensity was evaluated with an analogue-visual scale, subjective tonality through tonal shade references, the impact on the patient's quality of life was tested by a self-appraisal questionnaire, and competence level was evaluated with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Epidemiologic factors, personal records, hearing thresholds and evolution in the number of vertiginous crises in the previous six months were also taken into account. Results The average time of evolution of the disease was 15.4 years. The results evidence the development of tinnitus of moderate intensity (5/10) and low frequency (46%), with a slight impact on quality of life. Worsening in the quality of life related to hearing affectation and/or advanced stages of the disease was also observed. We identified high frequency tonality, a medical record of depression and youth as unfavourable prognostic factors. There was no relationship found with the years of evolution of the disease or with the number of vertigo crises. Conclusion In large samples of long evolution Ménière's disease, patients do not perceive tinnitus as a problem that produces serious impairment in their quality of life.

Conclusion In large samples of long evolution Ménière's disease, patients do not perceive tinnitus as a problem that produces serious impairment in their quality of life.

S0001651910001020

Clinical characteristics of tinnitus in Ménière's disease

Keywords Ménière's disease Tinnitus Tinnitus Handicap Inventory Quality of life

Abstract Introduction Ménière's disease is characterised by vertigo, <dis>hearing loss</dis> and tinnitus. Various studies assess the problem of vertigo and audition deficit in Ménière's disease, but only a few of these relate to the clinical characteristics of tinnitus, the aim of this study. Material and methods A transversal descriptive study of the behaviour of tinnitus in 88 patients in different stages of Ménière's disease treated in a tertiary hospital was carried out. The different characteristics of disease were analysed: intensity was evaluated with an analogue-visual scale, subjective tonality through tonal shade references, the impact on the patient's quality of life was tested by a self-appraisal questionnaire, and competence level was evaluated with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Epidemiologic factors, personal records, hearing thresholds and evolution in the number of vertiginous crises in the previous six months were also taken into account. Results The average time of evolution of the disease was 15.4 years. The results evidence the development of tinnitus of moderate intensity (5/10) and low frequency (46%), with a slight impact on quality of life. Worsening in the quality of life related to hearing affectation and/or advanced stages of the disease was also observed. We identified high frequency tonality, a medical record of depression and youth as unfavourable prognostic factors. There was no relationship found with the years of evolution of the disease or with the number of vertigo crises. Conclusion In large samples of long evolution Ménière's disease, patients do not perceive tinnitus as a problem that produces serious impairment in their quality of life.

Abstract Introduction Ménière's disease is characterised by vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus. Various studies assess the problem of vertigo and audition deficit in Ménière's disease, but only a few of these relate to the clinical characteristics of tinnitus, the aim of this study. Material and methods A transversal descriptive study of the behaviour of tinnitus in 88 patients in different stages of Ménière's disease treated in a tertiary hospital was carried out. The different characteristics of disease were analysed: intensity was evaluated with an analogue-visual scale, subjective tonality through tonal shade references, the impact on the patient's quality of life was tested by a self-appraisal questionnaire, and competence level was evaluated with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Epidemiologic factors, personal records, hearing thresholds and evolution in the number of vertiginous crises in the previous six months were also taken into account. Results The average time of evolution of the disease was 15.4 years. The results evidence the development of tinnitus of moderate intensity (5/10) and low frequency (46%), with a slight impact on quality of life. Worsening in the quality of life related to hearing affectation and/or advanced stages of the disease was also observed. We identified high frequency tonality, a medical record of depression and youth as unfavourable prognostic factors. There was no relationship found with the years of evolution of the disease or with the number of vertigo crises. Conclusion In large samples of long evolution Ménière's disease, patients do not perceive tinnitus as a problem that produces serious impairment in their quality of life.

Abstract Objective To know the etiology of preiperlingual bilateral hearing loss in children. Materials and methods All the patients diagnosed with bilateral severe/profound, pre or perilingual hearing loss at Sierrallana and Marqués de Valdecilla Hospitals (Cantabria, Spain) during the last 20 years were included in this study.

S0001651904700011

Etiology of severe/profound, pre/perilingual bilateral hearing loss in cantabria (Spain)

Key words Etiology Hearing loss Children Prelingual Hereditary

Abstract Objective To know the etiology of <dis>preiperlingual bilateral hearing loss</dis> in children. Materials and methods All the patients diagnosed with <dis>bilateral severe/profound, pre or perilingual hearing loss</dis> at Sierrallana and Marqués de Valdecilla Hospitals (Cantabria, Spain) during the last 20 years were included in this study. Results A hundred patients were diagnosed with <dis>bilateral severe/profound pre/perilingual hearing loss</dis>. The most frequent etiology was hereditary (49%), followed by severe perinatal hypoxia (11%), ototoxicity (5%), meningitis (3%), hyperbilirubinemia (3%) and rubella (2%). In 21% of cases was not Known. Conclusions The two most frequent etiologies found in <dis>severe/profound hearing loss</dis> in children in our area were hereditary and non infectious perinatal problems. Infectious disease were scarce. Will decrease when genetic test were used as clinical basis.

Abstract Objective To know the etiology of preiperlingual bilateral hearing loss in children. Materials and methods All the patients diagnosed with bilateral severe/profound, pre or perilingual hearing loss at Sierrallana and Marqués de Valdecilla Hospitals (Cantabria, Spain) during the last 20 years were included in this study. Results A hundred patients were diagnosed with bilateral severe/profound pre/perilingual hearing loss. The most frequent etiology was hereditary (49%), followed by severe perinatal hypoxia (11%), ototoxicity (5%), meningitis (3%), hyperbilirubinemia (3%) and rubella (2%). In 21% of cases was not Known. Conclusions The two most frequent etiologies found in severe/profound hearing loss in children in our area were hereditary and non infectious perinatal problems. Infectious disease were scarce. Will decrease when genetic test were used as clinical basis.

Results A hundred patients were diagnosed with bilateral severe/profound pre/perilingual hearing loss. The most frequent etiology was hereditary (49%), followed by severe perinatal hypoxia (11%), ototoxicity (5%), meningitis (3%), hyperbilirubinemia (3%) and rubella (2%). In 21% of cases was not Known.

S0001651904700011

Etiology of severe/profound, pre/perilingual bilateral hearing loss in cantabria (Spain)

Key words Etiology Hearing loss Children Prelingual Hereditary

Abstract Objective To know the etiology of <dis>preiperlingual bilateral hearing loss</dis> in children. Materials and methods All the patients diagnosed with <dis>bilateral severe/profound, pre or perilingual hearing loss</dis> at Sierrallana and Marqués de Valdecilla Hospitals (Cantabria, Spain) during the last 20 years were included in this study. Results A hundred patients were diagnosed with <dis>bilateral severe/profound pre/perilingual hearing loss</dis>. The most frequent etiology was hereditary (49%), followed by severe perinatal hypoxia (11%), ototoxicity (5%), meningitis (3%), hyperbilirubinemia (3%) and rubella (2%). In 21% of cases was not Known. Conclusions The two most frequent etiologies found in <dis>severe/profound hearing loss</dis> in children in our area were hereditary and non infectious perinatal problems. Infectious disease were scarce. Will decrease when genetic test were used as clinical basis.

Abstract Objective To know the etiology of preiperlingual bilateral hearing loss in children. Materials and methods All the patients diagnosed with bilateral severe/profound, pre or perilingual hearing loss at Sierrallana and Marqués de Valdecilla Hospitals (Cantabria, Spain) during the last 20 years were included in this study. Results A hundred patients were diagnosed with bilateral severe/profound pre/perilingual hearing loss. The most frequent etiology was hereditary (49%), followed by severe perinatal hypoxia (11%), ototoxicity (5%), meningitis (3%), hyperbilirubinemia (3%) and rubella (2%). In 21% of cases was not Known. Conclusions The two most frequent etiologies found in severe/profound hearing loss in children in our area were hereditary and non infectious perinatal problems. Infectious disease were scarce. Will decrease when genetic test were used as clinical basis.

Conclusions The two most frequent etiologies found in severe/profound hearing loss in children in our area were hereditary and non infectious perinatal problems. Infectious disease were scarce. Will decrease when genetic test were used as clinical basis.

S0001651904700011

Etiology of severe/profound, pre/perilingual bilateral hearing loss in cantabria (Spain)

Key words Etiology Hearing loss Children Prelingual Hereditary

Abstract Objective To know the etiology of <dis>preiperlingual bilateral hearing loss</dis> in children. Materials and methods All the patients diagnosed with <dis>bilateral severe/profound, pre or perilingual hearing loss</dis> at Sierrallana and Marqués de Valdecilla Hospitals (Cantabria, Spain) during the last 20 years were included in this study. Results A hundred patients were diagnosed with <dis>bilateral severe/profound pre/perilingual hearing loss</dis>. The most frequent etiology was hereditary (49%), followed by severe perinatal hypoxia (11%), ototoxicity (5%), meningitis (3%), hyperbilirubinemia (3%) and rubella (2%). In 21% of cases was not Known. Conclusions The two most frequent etiologies found in <dis>severe/profound hearing loss</dis> in children in our area were hereditary and non infectious perinatal problems. Infectious disease were scarce. Will decrease when genetic test were used as clinical basis.

Abstract Objective To know the etiology of preiperlingual bilateral hearing loss in children. Materials and methods All the patients diagnosed with bilateral severe/profound, pre or perilingual hearing loss at Sierrallana and Marqués de Valdecilla Hospitals (Cantabria, Spain) during the last 20 years were included in this study. Results A hundred patients were diagnosed with bilateral severe/profound pre/perilingual hearing loss. The most frequent etiology was hereditary (49%), followed by severe perinatal hypoxia (11%), ototoxicity (5%), meningitis (3%), hyperbilirubinemia (3%) and rubella (2%). In 21% of cases was not Known. Conclusions The two most frequent etiologies found in severe/profound hearing loss in children in our area were hereditary and non infectious perinatal problems. Infectious disease were scarce. Will decrease when genetic test were used as clinical basis.

Introduction. Depression is a common and disabling psychiatric disorder in adulthood and is associated with higher mortality and functional disability. Objectives. To determine the association between clinical and sociodemographic variables with depression in a sample of people over 50 years old living in Spain, and compare the prevalence of depression with the other Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE) countries. Material and methods.

S1888989116300957

Depression and associated variables in people over 50 years in Spain

Keywords Ageing Depression SHARE EURO-D Physical health

Introduction. Depression is a common and <dis>disabling psychiatric disorder</dis> in adulthood and is associated with higher mortality and <dis>functional disability</dis>. Objectives. To determine the association between clinical and sociodemographic variables with depression in a sample of people over 50 years old living in Spain, and compare the prevalence of depression with the other Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE) countries. Material and methods. There were 5,830 participants in the Spanish sample of the Wave 5, 2013, of SHARE. Tools used: EURO-D (Depression) and CASP-12 (Quality of Life). Statistical analysis: Bivariate, and binary logistic. Results. The variables associated with depression in the binary logistic regression (EURO-D ≥4) were poor self-perceived physical health (OR=13.34; 95% CI: 9.74-18.27), having more than 2 difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (OR=4.46; 95% CI: 3.13-6.34) and female gender (OR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.83-2.56). Depression was more common among participants with Alzheimer (76.4%), <dis>emotional disorders</dis> (73.9%), Parkinson (57.4%), hip fracture (55.4%), and rheumatism (50.9%). Compared with other European countries, Spain had a percentage of people with depression (29.3%) that was higher than the European average (27.9%). Conclusions. The most important variables associated with depression were poor perceived physical health, presence of difficulties in ADL, and female gender.

Introduction. Depression is a common and disabling psychiatric disorder in adulthood and is associated with higher mortality and functional disability. Objectives. To determine the association between clinical and sociodemographic variables with depression in a sample of people over 50 years old living in Spain, and compare the prevalence of depression with the other Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE) countries. Material and methods. There were 5,830 participants in the Spanish sample of the Wave 5, 2013, of SHARE. Tools used: EURO-D (Depression) and CASP-12 (Quality of Life). Statistical analysis: Bivariate, and binary logistic. Results. The variables associated with depression in the binary logistic regression (EURO-D ≥4) were poor self-perceived physical health (OR=13.34; 95% CI: 9.74-18.27), having more than 2 difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (OR=4.46; 95% CI: 3.13-6.34) and female gender (OR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.83-2.56). Depression was more common among participants with Alzheimer (76.4%), emotional disorders (73.9%), Parkinson (57.4%), hip fracture (55.4%), and rheumatism (50.9%). Compared with other European countries, Spain had a percentage of people with depression (29.3%) that was higher than the European average (27.9%). Conclusions. The most important variables associated with depression were poor perceived physical health, presence of difficulties in ADL, and female gender.

There were 5,830 participants in the Spanish sample of the Wave 5, 2013, of SHARE. Tools used: EURO-D (Depression) and CASP-12 (Quality of Life). Statistical analysis: Bivariate, and binary logistic. Results.

S1888989116300957

Depression and associated variables in people over 50 years in Spain

Keywords Ageing Depression SHARE EURO-D Physical health

Introduction. Depression is a common and <dis>disabling psychiatric disorder</dis> in adulthood and is associated with higher mortality and <dis>functional disability</dis>. Objectives. To determine the association between clinical and sociodemographic variables with depression in a sample of people over 50 years old living in Spain, and compare the prevalence of depression with the other Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE) countries. Material and methods. There were 5,830 participants in the Spanish sample of the Wave 5, 2013, of SHARE. Tools used: EURO-D (Depression) and CASP-12 (Quality of Life). Statistical analysis: Bivariate, and binary logistic. Results. The variables associated with depression in the binary logistic regression (EURO-D ≥4) were poor self-perceived physical health (OR=13.34; 95% CI: 9.74-18.27), having more than 2 difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (OR=4.46; 95% CI: 3.13-6.34) and female gender (OR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.83-2.56). Depression was more common among participants with Alzheimer (76.4%), <dis>emotional disorders</dis> (73.9%), Parkinson (57.4%), hip fracture (55.4%), and rheumatism (50.9%). Compared with other European countries, Spain had a percentage of people with depression (29.3%) that was higher than the European average (27.9%). Conclusions. The most important variables associated with depression were poor perceived physical health, presence of difficulties in ADL, and female gender.

Introduction. Depression is a common and disabling psychiatric disorder in adulthood and is associated with higher mortality and functional disability. Objectives. To determine the association between clinical and sociodemographic variables with depression in a sample of people over 50 years old living in Spain, and compare the prevalence of depression with the other Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE) countries. Material and methods. There were 5,830 participants in the Spanish sample of the Wave 5, 2013, of SHARE. Tools used: EURO-D (Depression) and CASP-12 (Quality of Life). Statistical analysis: Bivariate, and binary logistic. Results. The variables associated with depression in the binary logistic regression (EURO-D ≥4) were poor self-perceived physical health (OR=13.34; 95% CI: 9.74-18.27), having more than 2 difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (OR=4.46; 95% CI: 3.13-6.34) and female gender (OR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.83-2.56). Depression was more common among participants with Alzheimer (76.4%), emotional disorders (73.9%), Parkinson (57.4%), hip fracture (55.4%), and rheumatism (50.9%). Compared with other European countries, Spain had a percentage of people with depression (29.3%) that was higher than the European average (27.9%). Conclusions. The most important variables associated with depression were poor perceived physical health, presence of difficulties in ADL, and female gender.

The variables associated with depression in the binary logistic regression (EURO-D ≥4) were poor self-perceived physical health (OR=13.34; 95% CI: 9.74-18.27), having more than 2 difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (OR=4.46; 95% CI: 3.13-6.34) and female gender (OR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.83-2.56).

S1888989116300957

Depression and associated variables in people over 50 years in Spain

Keywords Ageing Depression SHARE EURO-D Physical health

Introduction. Depression is a common and <dis>disabling psychiatric disorder</dis> in adulthood and is associated with higher mortality and <dis>functional disability</dis>. Objectives. To determine the association between clinical and sociodemographic variables with depression in a sample of people over 50 years old living in Spain, and compare the prevalence of depression with the other Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE) countries. Material and methods. There were 5,830 participants in the Spanish sample of the Wave 5, 2013, of SHARE. Tools used: EURO-D (Depression) and CASP-12 (Quality of Life). Statistical analysis: Bivariate, and binary logistic. Results. The variables associated with depression in the binary logistic regression (EURO-D ≥4) were poor self-perceived physical health (OR=13.34; 95% CI: 9.74-18.27), having more than 2 difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (OR=4.46; 95% CI: 3.13-6.34) and female gender (OR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.83-2.56). Depression was more common among participants with Alzheimer (76.4%), <dis>emotional disorders</dis> (73.9%), Parkinson (57.4%), hip fracture (55.4%), and rheumatism (50.9%). Compared with other European countries, Spain had a percentage of people with depression (29.3%) that was higher than the European average (27.9%). Conclusions. The most important variables associated with depression were poor perceived physical health, presence of difficulties in ADL, and female gender.

Introduction. Depression is a common and disabling psychiatric disorder in adulthood and is associated with higher mortality and functional disability. Objectives. To determine the association between clinical and sociodemographic variables with depression in a sample of people over 50 years old living in Spain, and compare the prevalence of depression with the other Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE) countries. Material and methods. There were 5,830 participants in the Spanish sample of the Wave 5, 2013, of SHARE. Tools used: EURO-D (Depression) and CASP-12 (Quality of Life). Statistical analysis: Bivariate, and binary logistic. Results. The variables associated with depression in the binary logistic regression (EURO-D ≥4) were poor self-perceived physical health (OR=13.34; 95% CI: 9.74-18.27), having more than 2 difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (OR=4.46; 95% CI: 3.13-6.34) and female gender (OR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.83-2.56). Depression was more common among participants with Alzheimer (76.4%), emotional disorders (73.9%), Parkinson (57.4%), hip fracture (55.4%), and rheumatism (50.9%). Compared with other European countries, Spain had a percentage of people with depression (29.3%) that was higher than the European average (27.9%). Conclusions. The most important variables associated with depression were poor perceived physical health, presence of difficulties in ADL, and female gender.

Depression was more common among participants with Alzheimer (76.4%), emotional disorders (73.9%), Parkinson (57.4%), hip fracture (55.4%), and rheumatism (50.9%). Compared with other European countries, Spain had a percentage of people with depression (29.3%) that was higher than the European average (27.9%). Conclusions.

S1888989116300957

Depression and associated variables in people over 50 years in Spain

Keywords Ageing Depression SHARE EURO-D Physical health

Introduction. Depression is a common and <dis>disabling psychiatric disorder</dis> in adulthood and is associated with higher mortality and <dis>functional disability</dis>. Objectives. To determine the association between clinical and sociodemographic variables with depression in a sample of people over 50 years old living in Spain, and compare the prevalence of depression with the other Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE) countries. Material and methods. There were 5,830 participants in the Spanish sample of the Wave 5, 2013, of SHARE. Tools used: EURO-D (Depression) and CASP-12 (Quality of Life). Statistical analysis: Bivariate, and binary logistic. Results. The variables associated with depression in the binary logistic regression (EURO-D ≥4) were poor self-perceived physical health (OR=13.34; 95% CI: 9.74-18.27), having more than 2 difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (OR=4.46; 95% CI: 3.13-6.34) and female gender (OR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.83-2.56). Depression was more common among participants with Alzheimer (76.4%), <dis>emotional disorders</dis> (73.9%), Parkinson (57.4%), hip fracture (55.4%), and rheumatism (50.9%). Compared with other European countries, Spain had a percentage of people with depression (29.3%) that was higher than the European average (27.9%). Conclusions. The most important variables associated with depression were poor perceived physical health, presence of difficulties in ADL, and female gender.

Introduction. Depression is a common and disabling psychiatric disorder in adulthood and is associated with higher mortality and functional disability. Objectives. To determine the association between clinical and sociodemographic variables with depression in a sample of people over 50 years old living in Spain, and compare the prevalence of depression with the other Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE) countries. Material and methods. There were 5,830 participants in the Spanish sample of the Wave 5, 2013, of SHARE. Tools used: EURO-D (Depression) and CASP-12 (Quality of Life). Statistical analysis: Bivariate, and binary logistic. Results. The variables associated with depression in the binary logistic regression (EURO-D ≥4) were poor self-perceived physical health (OR=13.34; 95% CI: 9.74-18.27), having more than 2 difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (OR=4.46; 95% CI: 3.13-6.34) and female gender (OR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.83-2.56). Depression was more common among participants with Alzheimer (76.4%), emotional disorders (73.9%), Parkinson (57.4%), hip fracture (55.4%), and rheumatism (50.9%). Compared with other European countries, Spain had a percentage of people with depression (29.3%) that was higher than the European average (27.9%). Conclusions. The most important variables associated with depression were poor perceived physical health, presence of difficulties in ADL, and female gender.

The most important variables associated with depression were poor perceived physical health, presence of difficulties in ADL, and female gender.

S1888989116300957

Depression and associated variables in people over 50 years in Spain

Keywords Ageing Depression SHARE EURO-D Physical health

Introduction. Depression is a common and <dis>disabling psychiatric disorder</dis> in adulthood and is associated with higher mortality and <dis>functional disability</dis>. Objectives. To determine the association between clinical and sociodemographic variables with depression in a sample of people over 50 years old living in Spain, and compare the prevalence of depression with the other Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE) countries. Material and methods. There were 5,830 participants in the Spanish sample of the Wave 5, 2013, of SHARE. Tools used: EURO-D (Depression) and CASP-12 (Quality of Life). Statistical analysis: Bivariate, and binary logistic. Results. The variables associated with depression in the binary logistic regression (EURO-D ≥4) were poor self-perceived physical health (OR=13.34; 95% CI: 9.74-18.27), having more than 2 difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (OR=4.46; 95% CI: 3.13-6.34) and female gender (OR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.83-2.56). Depression was more common among participants with Alzheimer (76.4%), <dis>emotional disorders</dis> (73.9%), Parkinson (57.4%), hip fracture (55.4%), and rheumatism (50.9%). Compared with other European countries, Spain had a percentage of people with depression (29.3%) that was higher than the European average (27.9%). Conclusions. The most important variables associated with depression were poor perceived physical health, presence of difficulties in ADL, and female gender.

Introduction. Depression is a common and disabling psychiatric disorder in adulthood and is associated with higher mortality and functional disability. Objectives. To determine the association between clinical and sociodemographic variables with depression in a sample of people over 50 years old living in Spain, and compare the prevalence of depression with the other Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE) countries. Material and methods. There were 5,830 participants in the Spanish sample of the Wave 5, 2013, of SHARE. Tools used: EURO-D (Depression) and CASP-12 (Quality of Life). Statistical analysis: Bivariate, and binary logistic. Results. The variables associated with depression in the binary logistic regression (EURO-D ≥4) were poor self-perceived physical health (OR=13.34; 95% CI: 9.74-18.27), having more than 2 difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (OR=4.46; 95% CI: 3.13-6.34) and female gender (OR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.83-2.56). Depression was more common among participants with Alzheimer (76.4%), emotional disorders (73.9%), Parkinson (57.4%), hip fracture (55.4%), and rheumatism (50.9%). Compared with other European countries, Spain had a percentage of people with depression (29.3%) that was higher than the European average (27.9%). Conclusions. The most important variables associated with depression were poor perceived physical health, presence of difficulties in ADL, and female gender.

Abstract Background Primary empty sella is a herniation of the sellar diaphragm into the pituitary space. It is an incidental finding and patients may manifest neurological, ophthalmological and/or endocrine disorders. Episodes of vertigo, dizziness, and hearing loss, have been reported. Objective To determine the conditional probability, as well as the statistical dependency, through the Bayesian analysis in patients with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders.

S2444050715001345

Analysis of the joint and a posteriori probability between primary empty sella, its comorbidities and audiovestibular pathology

Keywords Primary empty sella Herniation of the sellar diaphragm Audiovestibular disorders

Abstract Background Primary empty sella is a herniation of the sellar diaphragm into the pituitary space. It is an incidental finding and patients may manifest neurological, ophthalmological and/or endocrine disorders. Episodes of vertigo, dizziness, and <dis>hearing loss</dis>, have been reported. Objective To determine the conditional probability, as well as the statistical dependency, through the Bayesian analysis in patients with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Patients Individuals who attended the National Rehabilitation Institute from January 2010 to December 2011, diagnosed with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Material and methods An analysis was performed on a sample of 18 patients with a diagnosis of primary empty sella confirmed with magnetic resonance studies and who had signs of vertigo, <dis>hearing loss</dis> and dizziness. Results Of the 18 patients studied, 3 (16.66%) had primary empty sella as the only clinical evidence. In 9 patients (50%) empty sella was associated with vertigo, and 16 patients (88.88%) were diagnosed with <dis>hearing loss</dis>, with <dis>sensorineural hearing loss</dis> being the most frequent (77.77%). The intersection between the proportions of primary empty sella with the presence and type of <dis>hearing loss</dis> was calculated. Thus for <dis>sensorineural hearing loss</dis>, the calculated ratio was _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.6912, and for <dis>conductive and mixed hearing loss</dis> the value of _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.0493 in both cases. Conclusions Bayesian analysis and conditional probability enables the dependence between two or more variables to be calculated. In this study both mathematical models were used to analyse comorbidities and audiovestibular disorders in patients diagnosed with primary empty sella.

Abstract Background Primary empty sella is a herniation of the sellar diaphragm into the pituitary space. It is an incidental finding and patients may manifest neurological, ophthalmological and/or endocrine disorders. Episodes of vertigo, dizziness, and hearing loss, have been reported. Objective To determine the conditional probability, as well as the statistical dependency, through the Bayesian analysis in patients with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Patients Individuals who attended the National Rehabilitation Institute from January 2010 to December 2011, diagnosed with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Material and methods An analysis was performed on a sample of 18 patients with a diagnosis of primary empty sella confirmed with magnetic resonance studies and who had signs of vertigo, hearing loss and dizziness. Results Of the 18 patients studied, 3 (16.66%) had primary empty sella as the only clinical evidence. In 9 patients (50%) empty sella was associated with vertigo, and 16 patients (88.88%) were diagnosed with hearing loss, with sensorineural hearing loss being the most frequent (77.77%). The intersection between the proportions of primary empty sella with the presence and type of hearing loss was calculated. Thus for sensorineural hearing loss, the calculated ratio was _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.6912, and for conductive and mixed hearing loss the value of _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.0493 in both cases. Conclusions Bayesian analysis and conditional probability enables the dependence between two or more variables to be calculated. In this study both mathematical models were used to analyse comorbidities and audiovestibular disorders in patients diagnosed with primary empty sella.

Patients Individuals who attended the National Rehabilitation Institute from January 2010 to December 2011, diagnosed with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Material and methods An analysis was performed on a sample of 18 patients with a diagnosis of primary empty sella confirmed with magnetic resonance studies and who had signs of vertigo, hearing loss and dizziness.

S2444050715001345

Analysis of the joint and a posteriori probability between primary empty sella, its comorbidities and audiovestibular pathology

Keywords Primary empty sella Herniation of the sellar diaphragm Audiovestibular disorders

Abstract Background Primary empty sella is a herniation of the sellar diaphragm into the pituitary space. It is an incidental finding and patients may manifest neurological, ophthalmological and/or endocrine disorders. Episodes of vertigo, dizziness, and <dis>hearing loss</dis>, have been reported. Objective To determine the conditional probability, as well as the statistical dependency, through the Bayesian analysis in patients with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Patients Individuals who attended the National Rehabilitation Institute from January 2010 to December 2011, diagnosed with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Material and methods An analysis was performed on a sample of 18 patients with a diagnosis of primary empty sella confirmed with magnetic resonance studies and who had signs of vertigo, <dis>hearing loss</dis> and dizziness. Results Of the 18 patients studied, 3 (16.66%) had primary empty sella as the only clinical evidence. In 9 patients (50%) empty sella was associated with vertigo, and 16 patients (88.88%) were diagnosed with <dis>hearing loss</dis>, with <dis>sensorineural hearing loss</dis> being the most frequent (77.77%). The intersection between the proportions of primary empty sella with the presence and type of <dis>hearing loss</dis> was calculated. Thus for <dis>sensorineural hearing loss</dis>, the calculated ratio was _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.6912, and for <dis>conductive and mixed hearing loss</dis> the value of _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.0493 in both cases. Conclusions Bayesian analysis and conditional probability enables the dependence between two or more variables to be calculated. In this study both mathematical models were used to analyse comorbidities and audiovestibular disorders in patients diagnosed with primary empty sella.

Abstract Background Primary empty sella is a herniation of the sellar diaphragm into the pituitary space. It is an incidental finding and patients may manifest neurological, ophthalmological and/or endocrine disorders. Episodes of vertigo, dizziness, and hearing loss, have been reported. Objective To determine the conditional probability, as well as the statistical dependency, through the Bayesian analysis in patients with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Patients Individuals who attended the National Rehabilitation Institute from January 2010 to December 2011, diagnosed with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Material and methods An analysis was performed on a sample of 18 patients with a diagnosis of primary empty sella confirmed with magnetic resonance studies and who had signs of vertigo, hearing loss and dizziness. Results Of the 18 patients studied, 3 (16.66%) had primary empty sella as the only clinical evidence. In 9 patients (50%) empty sella was associated with vertigo, and 16 patients (88.88%) were diagnosed with hearing loss, with sensorineural hearing loss being the most frequent (77.77%). The intersection between the proportions of primary empty sella with the presence and type of hearing loss was calculated. Thus for sensorineural hearing loss, the calculated ratio was _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.6912, and for conductive and mixed hearing loss the value of _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.0493 in both cases. Conclusions Bayesian analysis and conditional probability enables the dependence between two or more variables to be calculated. In this study both mathematical models were used to analyse comorbidities and audiovestibular disorders in patients diagnosed with primary empty sella.

Results Of the 18 patients studied, 3 (16.66%) had primary empty sella as the only clinical evidence. In 9 patients (50%) empty sella was associated with vertigo, and 16 patients (88.88%) were diagnosed with hearing loss, with sensorineural hearing loss being the most frequent (77.77%). The intersection between the proportions of primary empty sella with the presence and type of hearing loss was calculated.

S2444050715001345

Analysis of the joint and a posteriori probability between primary empty sella, its comorbidities and audiovestibular pathology

Keywords Primary empty sella Herniation of the sellar diaphragm Audiovestibular disorders

Abstract Background Primary empty sella is a herniation of the sellar diaphragm into the pituitary space. It is an incidental finding and patients may manifest neurological, ophthalmological and/or endocrine disorders. Episodes of vertigo, dizziness, and <dis>hearing loss</dis>, have been reported. Objective To determine the conditional probability, as well as the statistical dependency, through the Bayesian analysis in patients with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Patients Individuals who attended the National Rehabilitation Institute from January 2010 to December 2011, diagnosed with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Material and methods An analysis was performed on a sample of 18 patients with a diagnosis of primary empty sella confirmed with magnetic resonance studies and who had signs of vertigo, <dis>hearing loss</dis> and dizziness. Results Of the 18 patients studied, 3 (16.66%) had primary empty sella as the only clinical evidence. In 9 patients (50%) empty sella was associated with vertigo, and 16 patients (88.88%) were diagnosed with <dis>hearing loss</dis>, with <dis>sensorineural hearing loss</dis> being the most frequent (77.77%). The intersection between the proportions of primary empty sella with the presence and type of <dis>hearing loss</dis> was calculated. Thus for <dis>sensorineural hearing loss</dis>, the calculated ratio was _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.6912, and for <dis>conductive and mixed hearing loss</dis> the value of _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.0493 in both cases. Conclusions Bayesian analysis and conditional probability enables the dependence between two or more variables to be calculated. In this study both mathematical models were used to analyse comorbidities and audiovestibular disorders in patients diagnosed with primary empty sella.

Abstract Background Primary empty sella is a herniation of the sellar diaphragm into the pituitary space. It is an incidental finding and patients may manifest neurological, ophthalmological and/or endocrine disorders. Episodes of vertigo, dizziness, and hearing loss, have been reported. Objective To determine the conditional probability, as well as the statistical dependency, through the Bayesian analysis in patients with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Patients Individuals who attended the National Rehabilitation Institute from January 2010 to December 2011, diagnosed with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Material and methods An analysis was performed on a sample of 18 patients with a diagnosis of primary empty sella confirmed with magnetic resonance studies and who had signs of vertigo, hearing loss and dizziness. Results Of the 18 patients studied, 3 (16.66%) had primary empty sella as the only clinical evidence. In 9 patients (50%) empty sella was associated with vertigo, and 16 patients (88.88%) were diagnosed with hearing loss, with sensorineural hearing loss being the most frequent (77.77%). The intersection between the proportions of primary empty sella with the presence and type of hearing loss was calculated. Thus for sensorineural hearing loss, the calculated ratio was _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.6912, and for conductive and mixed hearing loss the value of _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.0493 in both cases. Conclusions Bayesian analysis and conditional probability enables the dependence between two or more variables to be calculated. In this study both mathematical models were used to analyse comorbidities and audiovestibular disorders in patients diagnosed with primary empty sella.

Thus for sensorineural hearing loss, the calculated ratio was _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.6912, and for conductive and mixed hearing loss the value of _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.0493 in both cases. Conclusions Bayesian analysis and conditional probability enables the dependence between two or more variables to be calculated.

S2444050715001345

Analysis of the joint and a posteriori probability between primary empty sella, its comorbidities and audiovestibular pathology

Keywords Primary empty sella Herniation of the sellar diaphragm Audiovestibular disorders

Abstract Background Primary empty sella is a herniation of the sellar diaphragm into the pituitary space. It is an incidental finding and patients may manifest neurological, ophthalmological and/or endocrine disorders. Episodes of vertigo, dizziness, and <dis>hearing loss</dis>, have been reported. Objective To determine the conditional probability, as well as the statistical dependency, through the Bayesian analysis in patients with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Patients Individuals who attended the National Rehabilitation Institute from January 2010 to December 2011, diagnosed with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Material and methods An analysis was performed on a sample of 18 patients with a diagnosis of primary empty sella confirmed with magnetic resonance studies and who had signs of vertigo, <dis>hearing loss</dis> and dizziness. Results Of the 18 patients studied, 3 (16.66%) had primary empty sella as the only clinical evidence. In 9 patients (50%) empty sella was associated with vertigo, and 16 patients (88.88%) were diagnosed with <dis>hearing loss</dis>, with <dis>sensorineural hearing loss</dis> being the most frequent (77.77%). The intersection between the proportions of primary empty sella with the presence and type of <dis>hearing loss</dis> was calculated. Thus for <dis>sensorineural hearing loss</dis>, the calculated ratio was _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.6912, and for <dis>conductive and mixed hearing loss</dis> the value of _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.0493 in both cases. Conclusions Bayesian analysis and conditional probability enables the dependence between two or more variables to be calculated. In this study both mathematical models were used to analyse comorbidities and audiovestibular disorders in patients diagnosed with primary empty sella.

Abstract Background Primary empty sella is a herniation of the sellar diaphragm into the pituitary space. It is an incidental finding and patients may manifest neurological, ophthalmological and/or endocrine disorders. Episodes of vertigo, dizziness, and hearing loss, have been reported. Objective To determine the conditional probability, as well as the statistical dependency, through the Bayesian analysis in patients with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Patients Individuals who attended the National Rehabilitation Institute from January 2010 to December 2011, diagnosed with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Material and methods An analysis was performed on a sample of 18 patients with a diagnosis of primary empty sella confirmed with magnetic resonance studies and who had signs of vertigo, hearing loss and dizziness. Results Of the 18 patients studied, 3 (16.66%) had primary empty sella as the only clinical evidence. In 9 patients (50%) empty sella was associated with vertigo, and 16 patients (88.88%) were diagnosed with hearing loss, with sensorineural hearing loss being the most frequent (77.77%). The intersection between the proportions of primary empty sella with the presence and type of hearing loss was calculated. Thus for sensorineural hearing loss, the calculated ratio was _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.6912, and for conductive and mixed hearing loss the value of _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.0493 in both cases. Conclusions Bayesian analysis and conditional probability enables the dependence between two or more variables to be calculated. In this study both mathematical models were used to analyse comorbidities and audiovestibular disorders in patients diagnosed with primary empty sella.

In this study both mathematical models were used to analyse comorbidities and audiovestibular disorders in patients diagnosed with primary empty sella.

S2444050715001345

Analysis of the joint and a posteriori probability between primary empty sella, its comorbidities and audiovestibular pathology

Keywords Primary empty sella Herniation of the sellar diaphragm Audiovestibular disorders

Abstract Background Primary empty sella is a herniation of the sellar diaphragm into the pituitary space. It is an incidental finding and patients may manifest neurological, ophthalmological and/or endocrine disorders. Episodes of vertigo, dizziness, and <dis>hearing loss</dis>, have been reported. Objective To determine the conditional probability, as well as the statistical dependency, through the Bayesian analysis in patients with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Patients Individuals who attended the National Rehabilitation Institute from January 2010 to December 2011, diagnosed with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Material and methods An analysis was performed on a sample of 18 patients with a diagnosis of primary empty sella confirmed with magnetic resonance studies and who had signs of vertigo, <dis>hearing loss</dis> and dizziness. Results Of the 18 patients studied, 3 (16.66%) had primary empty sella as the only clinical evidence. In 9 patients (50%) empty sella was associated with vertigo, and 16 patients (88.88%) were diagnosed with <dis>hearing loss</dis>, with <dis>sensorineural hearing loss</dis> being the most frequent (77.77%). The intersection between the proportions of primary empty sella with the presence and type of <dis>hearing loss</dis> was calculated. Thus for <dis>sensorineural hearing loss</dis>, the calculated ratio was _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.6912, and for <dis>conductive and mixed hearing loss</dis> the value of _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.0493 in both cases. Conclusions Bayesian analysis and conditional probability enables the dependence between two or more variables to be calculated. In this study both mathematical models were used to analyse comorbidities and audiovestibular disorders in patients diagnosed with primary empty sella.

Abstract Background Primary empty sella is a herniation of the sellar diaphragm into the pituitary space. It is an incidental finding and patients may manifest neurological, ophthalmological and/or endocrine disorders. Episodes of vertigo, dizziness, and hearing loss, have been reported. Objective To determine the conditional probability, as well as the statistical dependency, through the Bayesian analysis in patients with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Patients Individuals who attended the National Rehabilitation Institute from January 2010 to December 2011, diagnosed with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. Material and methods An analysis was performed on a sample of 18 patients with a diagnosis of primary empty sella confirmed with magnetic resonance studies and who had signs of vertigo, hearing loss and dizziness. Results Of the 18 patients studied, 3 (16.66%) had primary empty sella as the only clinical evidence. In 9 patients (50%) empty sella was associated with vertigo, and 16 patients (88.88%) were diagnosed with hearing loss, with sensorineural hearing loss being the most frequent (77.77%). The intersection between the proportions of primary empty sella with the presence and type of hearing loss was calculated. Thus for sensorineural hearing loss, the calculated ratio was _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.6912, and for conductive and mixed hearing loss the value of _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0.0493 in both cases. Conclusions Bayesian analysis and conditional probability enables the dependence between two or more variables to be calculated. In this study both mathematical models were used to analyse comorbidities and audiovestibular disorders in patients diagnosed with primary empty sella.

Objective To analyse cognitive skills in patients with severe unilateral hearing loss versus those in subjects with normal hearing. Methods 40 adults participated: 20 patients (10 women and 10 men) with severe unilateral hearing loss and 20 healthy subjects matched to the study group. Cognitive abilities were measured with the Spanish version of the Woodcock Johnson Battery-Revised; central auditory processing was assessed with monaural psychoacoustic tests.

S0213485316300901

Analysis of the relationship between cognitive skills and unilateral sensory hearing loss

Keywords Central auditory processes Cognitive abilities Unilateral sensory hearing loss Monaural tests Language skills Compensation

Objective To analyse cognitive skills in patients with <dis>severe unilateral hearing loss</dis> versus those in subjects with normal hearing. Methods 40 adults participated: 20 patients (10 women and 10 men) with <dis>severe unilateral hearing loss</dis> and 20 healthy subjects matched to the study group. Cognitive abilities were measured with the Spanish version of the Woodcock Johnson Battery-Revised; central auditory processing was assessed with monaural psychoacoustic tests. Box plots were drawn and t tests were performed for samples with a significance of P≤.05. Results A comparison of performances on the filtered word testing and time-compressed disyllabic word tests between patients and controls revealed a statistically significant difference (P≤.05) with greater variability among responses by <dis>hearing impaired subjects</dis>. This same group also showed a better cognitive performance on the numbers reversed, visual auditory learning, analysis synthesis, concept formation, and incomplete words tests. Conclusions Patients with <dis>hearing loss</dis> performed more poorly than controls on the filtered word and time-compressed disyllabic word tests, but more competently on memory, reasoning, and auditory processing tasks. Complementary tests, such as those assessing central auditory processes and cognitive ability tests, are important and helpful for designing habilitation/rehabilitation and therapeutic strategies intended to optimise and stimulate cognitive skills in subjects with <dis>unilateral hearing impairment</dis>.

Objective To analyse cognitive skills in patients with severe unilateral hearing loss versus those in subjects with normal hearing. Methods 40 adults participated: 20 patients (10 women and 10 men) with severe unilateral hearing loss and 20 healthy subjects matched to the study group. Cognitive abilities were measured with the Spanish version of the Woodcock Johnson Battery-Revised; central auditory processing was assessed with monaural psychoacoustic tests. Box plots were drawn and t tests were performed for samples with a significance of P≤.05. Results A comparison of performances on the filtered word testing and time-compressed disyllabic word tests between patients and controls revealed a statistically significant difference (P≤.05) with greater variability among responses by hearing impaired subjects. This same group also showed a better cognitive performance on the numbers reversed, visual auditory learning, analysis synthesis, concept formation, and incomplete words tests. Conclusions Patients with hearing loss performed more poorly than controls on the filtered word and time-compressed disyllabic word tests, but more competently on memory, reasoning, and auditory processing tasks. Complementary tests, such as those assessing central auditory processes and cognitive ability tests, are important and helpful for designing habilitation/rehabilitation and therapeutic strategies intended to optimise and stimulate cognitive skills in subjects with unilateral hearing impairment.

Box plots were drawn and t tests were performed for samples with a significance of P≤.05. Results A comparison of performances on the filtered word testing and time-compressed disyllabic word tests between patients and controls revealed a statistically significant difference (P≤.05) with greater variability among responses by hearing impaired subjects. This same group also showed a better cognitive performance on the numbers reversed, visual auditory learning, analysis synthesis, concept formation, and incomplete words tests.

S0213485316300901

Analysis of the relationship between cognitive skills and unilateral sensory hearing loss

Keywords Central auditory processes Cognitive abilities Unilateral sensory hearing loss Monaural tests Language skills Compensation

Objective To analyse cognitive skills in patients with <dis>severe unilateral hearing loss</dis> versus those in subjects with normal hearing. Methods 40 adults participated: 20 patients (10 women and 10 men) with <dis>severe unilateral hearing loss</dis> and 20 healthy subjects matched to the study group. Cognitive abilities were measured with the Spanish version of the Woodcock Johnson Battery-Revised; central auditory processing was assessed with monaural psychoacoustic tests. Box plots were drawn and t tests were performed for samples with a significance of P≤.05. Results A comparison of performances on the filtered word testing and time-compressed disyllabic word tests between patients and controls revealed a statistically significant difference (P≤.05) with greater variability among responses by <dis>hearing impaired subjects</dis>. This same group also showed a better cognitive performance on the numbers reversed, visual auditory learning, analysis synthesis, concept formation, and incomplete words tests. Conclusions Patients with <dis>hearing loss</dis> performed more poorly than controls on the filtered word and time-compressed disyllabic word tests, but more competently on memory, reasoning, and auditory processing tasks. Complementary tests, such as those assessing central auditory processes and cognitive ability tests, are important and helpful for designing habilitation/rehabilitation and therapeutic strategies intended to optimise and stimulate cognitive skills in subjects with <dis>unilateral hearing impairment</dis>.

Objective To analyse cognitive skills in patients with severe unilateral hearing loss versus those in subjects with normal hearing. Methods 40 adults participated: 20 patients (10 women and 10 men) with severe unilateral hearing loss and 20 healthy subjects matched to the study group. Cognitive abilities were measured with the Spanish version of the Woodcock Johnson Battery-Revised; central auditory processing was assessed with monaural psychoacoustic tests. Box plots were drawn and t tests were performed for samples with a significance of P≤.05. Results A comparison of performances on the filtered word testing and time-compressed disyllabic word tests between patients and controls revealed a statistically significant difference (P≤.05) with greater variability among responses by hearing impaired subjects. This same group also showed a better cognitive performance on the numbers reversed, visual auditory learning, analysis synthesis, concept formation, and incomplete words tests. Conclusions Patients with hearing loss performed more poorly than controls on the filtered word and time-compressed disyllabic word tests, but more competently on memory, reasoning, and auditory processing tasks. Complementary tests, such as those assessing central auditory processes and cognitive ability tests, are important and helpful for designing habilitation/rehabilitation and therapeutic strategies intended to optimise and stimulate cognitive skills in subjects with unilateral hearing impairment.

Conclusions Patients with hearing loss performed more poorly than controls on the filtered word and time-compressed disyllabic word tests, but more competently on memory, reasoning, and auditory processing tasks. Complementary tests, such as those assessing central auditory processes and cognitive ability tests, are important and helpful for designing habilitation/rehabilitation and therapeutic strategies intended to optimise and stimulate cognitive skills in subjects with unilateral hearing impairment.

S0213485316300901

Analysis of the relationship between cognitive skills and unilateral sensory hearing loss

Keywords Central auditory processes Cognitive abilities Unilateral sensory hearing loss Monaural tests Language skills Compensation

Objective To analyse cognitive skills in patients with <dis>severe unilateral hearing loss</dis> versus those in subjects with normal hearing. Methods 40 adults participated: 20 patients (10 women and 10 men) with <dis>severe unilateral hearing loss</dis> and 20 healthy subjects matched to the study group. Cognitive abilities were measured with the Spanish version of the Woodcock Johnson Battery-Revised; central auditory processing was assessed with monaural psychoacoustic tests. Box plots were drawn and t tests were performed for samples with a significance of P≤.05. Results A comparison of performances on the filtered word testing and time-compressed disyllabic word tests between patients and controls revealed a statistically significant difference (P≤.05) with greater variability among responses by <dis>hearing impaired subjects</dis>. This same group also showed a better cognitive performance on the numbers reversed, visual auditory learning, analysis synthesis, concept formation, and incomplete words tests. Conclusions Patients with <dis>hearing loss</dis> performed more poorly than controls on the filtered word and time-compressed disyllabic word tests, but more competently on memory, reasoning, and auditory processing tasks. Complementary tests, such as those assessing central auditory processes and cognitive ability tests, are important and helpful for designing habilitation/rehabilitation and therapeutic strategies intended to optimise and stimulate cognitive skills in subjects with <dis>unilateral hearing impairment</dis>.

Objective To analyse cognitive skills in patients with severe unilateral hearing loss versus those in subjects with normal hearing. Methods 40 adults participated: 20 patients (10 women and 10 men) with severe unilateral hearing loss and 20 healthy subjects matched to the study group. Cognitive abilities were measured with the Spanish version of the Woodcock Johnson Battery-Revised; central auditory processing was assessed with monaural psychoacoustic tests. Box plots were drawn and t tests were performed for samples with a significance of P≤.05. Results A comparison of performances on the filtered word testing and time-compressed disyllabic word tests between patients and controls revealed a statistically significant difference (P≤.05) with greater variability among responses by hearing impaired subjects. This same group also showed a better cognitive performance on the numbers reversed, visual auditory learning, analysis synthesis, concept formation, and incomplete words tests. Conclusions Patients with hearing loss performed more poorly than controls on the filtered word and time-compressed disyllabic word tests, but more competently on memory, reasoning, and auditory processing tasks. Complementary tests, such as those assessing central auditory processes and cognitive ability tests, are important and helpful for designing habilitation/rehabilitation and therapeutic strategies intended to optimise and stimulate cognitive skills in subjects with unilateral hearing impairment.

Abstract Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a childhood epileptic encephalopathy, and is characterized by frequent and difficult to treat seizures associated with mental retardation. The case is presented of a 21 year-old male with Lennox- Gastaut syndrome, with bilateral cervical facet joint dislocation fracture at C6-C7 and spinal canal compression as a result of a fall during a seizure.

S0034935615000183

Management of difficult airway with inhalation induction in a patient with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and neck injury

Keywords Difficult airway Inhalation induction Neck immobilization Video laryngoscope Airtraq ® Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

Abstract Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a childhood epileptic encephalopathy, and is characterized by frequent and difficult to treat seizures associated with <dis>mental retardation</dis>. The case is presented of a 21 year-old male with Lennox- Gastaut syndrome, with bilateral cervical facet joint dislocation fracture at C6-C7 and spinal canal compression as a result of a fall during a seizure. In this case the management of the difficult airway expected in an awake and uncooperative patient, with cervical spinal cord injury is described. An airway management strategy was proposed, that allowed a rapid and safe airway control with the best possible tolerance and maintaining the neck immobilised, so as not to increase neurological injury. Within this strategy, plan A was defined as inhalation induction with sevoflurane to maintain spontaneous breathing and tracheal intubation with Airtraq®. We believe that the Airtraq® video laryngoscope with inhalational induction with sevoflurane is a valid and effective alternative in the management of expected difficult airway.

Abstract Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a childhood epileptic encephalopathy, and is characterized by frequent and difficult to treat seizures associated with mental retardation. The case is presented of a 21 year-old male with Lennox- Gastaut syndrome, with bilateral cervical facet joint dislocation fracture at C6-C7 and spinal canal compression as a result of a fall during a seizure. In this case the management of the difficult airway expected in an awake and uncooperative patient, with cervical spinal cord injury is described. An airway management strategy was proposed, that allowed a rapid and safe airway control with the best possible tolerance and maintaining the neck immobilised, so as not to increase neurological injury. Within this strategy, plan A was defined as inhalation induction with sevoflurane to maintain spontaneous breathing and tracheal intubation with Airtraq®. We believe that the Airtraq® video laryngoscope with inhalational induction with sevoflurane is a valid and effective alternative in the management of expected difficult airway.

In this case the management of the difficult airway expected in an awake and uncooperative patient, with cervical spinal cord injury is described. An airway management strategy was proposed, that allowed a rapid and safe airway control with the best possible tolerance and maintaining the neck immobilised, so as not to increase neurological injury. Within this strategy, plan A was defined as inhalation induction with sevoflurane to maintain spontaneous breathing and tracheal intubation with Airtraq®.

S0034935615000183

Management of difficult airway with inhalation induction in a patient with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and neck injury

Keywords Difficult airway Inhalation induction Neck immobilization Video laryngoscope Airtraq ® Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

Abstract Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a childhood epileptic encephalopathy, and is characterized by frequent and difficult to treat seizures associated with <dis>mental retardation</dis>. The case is presented of a 21 year-old male with Lennox- Gastaut syndrome, with bilateral cervical facet joint dislocation fracture at C6-C7 and spinal canal compression as a result of a fall during a seizure. In this case the management of the difficult airway expected in an awake and uncooperative patient, with cervical spinal cord injury is described. An airway management strategy was proposed, that allowed a rapid and safe airway control with the best possible tolerance and maintaining the neck immobilised, so as not to increase neurological injury. Within this strategy, plan A was defined as inhalation induction with sevoflurane to maintain spontaneous breathing and tracheal intubation with Airtraq®. We believe that the Airtraq® video laryngoscope with inhalational induction with sevoflurane is a valid and effective alternative in the management of expected difficult airway.

Abstract Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a childhood epileptic encephalopathy, and is characterized by frequent and difficult to treat seizures associated with mental retardation. The case is presented of a 21 year-old male with Lennox- Gastaut syndrome, with bilateral cervical facet joint dislocation fracture at C6-C7 and spinal canal compression as a result of a fall during a seizure. In this case the management of the difficult airway expected in an awake and uncooperative patient, with cervical spinal cord injury is described. An airway management strategy was proposed, that allowed a rapid and safe airway control with the best possible tolerance and maintaining the neck immobilised, so as not to increase neurological injury. Within this strategy, plan A was defined as inhalation induction with sevoflurane to maintain spontaneous breathing and tracheal intubation with Airtraq®. We believe that the Airtraq® video laryngoscope with inhalational induction with sevoflurane is a valid and effective alternative in the management of expected difficult airway.

We believe that the Airtraq® video laryngoscope with inhalational induction with sevoflurane is a valid and effective alternative in the management of expected difficult airway.

S0034935615000183

Management of difficult airway with inhalation induction in a patient with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and neck injury

Keywords Difficult airway Inhalation induction Neck immobilization Video laryngoscope Airtraq ® Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

Abstract Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a childhood epileptic encephalopathy, and is characterized by frequent and difficult to treat seizures associated with <dis>mental retardation</dis>. The case is presented of a 21 year-old male with Lennox- Gastaut syndrome, with bilateral cervical facet joint dislocation fracture at C6-C7 and spinal canal compression as a result of a fall during a seizure. In this case the management of the difficult airway expected in an awake and uncooperative patient, with cervical spinal cord injury is described. An airway management strategy was proposed, that allowed a rapid and safe airway control with the best possible tolerance and maintaining the neck immobilised, so as not to increase neurological injury. Within this strategy, plan A was defined as inhalation induction with sevoflurane to maintain spontaneous breathing and tracheal intubation with Airtraq®. We believe that the Airtraq® video laryngoscope with inhalational induction with sevoflurane is a valid and effective alternative in the management of expected difficult airway.

Abstract Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a childhood epileptic encephalopathy, and is characterized by frequent and difficult to treat seizures associated with mental retardation. The case is presented of a 21 year-old male with Lennox- Gastaut syndrome, with bilateral cervical facet joint dislocation fracture at C6-C7 and spinal canal compression as a result of a fall during a seizure. In this case the management of the difficult airway expected in an awake and uncooperative patient, with cervical spinal cord injury is described. An airway management strategy was proposed, that allowed a rapid and safe airway control with the best possible tolerance and maintaining the neck immobilised, so as not to increase neurological injury. Within this strategy, plan A was defined as inhalation induction with sevoflurane to maintain spontaneous breathing and tracheal intubation with Airtraq®. We believe that the Airtraq® video laryngoscope with inhalational induction with sevoflurane is a valid and effective alternative in the management of expected difficult airway.

Introduction Stroke is the main cause of disability in adults and the second cause of mortality, being more common in elderly people. The aim of this study was to determine the functional outcome at 1 year in all patients older than 85 years who were evaluated by the Rehabilitation Therapy Service after being admitted for stroke in 2014. Materials and methods A longitudinal, observational, prospective study was conducted in 41 patients.

S0048712017301056

Functional outome in stroke patients older than 85 years

Keywords Stroke Elderly people Functional recovery Rehabilitation therapy

Introduction Stroke is the main cause of disability in adults and the second cause of mortality, being more common in elderly people. The aim of this study was to determine the functional outcome at 1 year in all patients older than 85 years who were evaluated by the Rehabilitation Therapy Service after being admitted for stroke in 2014. Materials and methods A longitudinal, observational, prospective study was conducted in 41 patients. We analysed sociodemographic information, the clinical characteristics of the strokes, neurological status at admission (NIHSS), functional status (Barthel Index and Rankin Scale) and walking capacity at admission, at rehabilitation discharge, and after one year. All statistical test were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 19 for Windows and statistical significance was set at a p-value of 0.05. Results The mean age of the patients was 88.6 years (85-97) and 56% were women. The average NIHSS score in the first week was 11.2. The mean length of hospital stay was 15 days. The initial Barthel score was 80.6 and initial Rankin score was 1.51; these scores were 54.5 and 2.79, respectively, at 1 year after stroke. Eighteen patients (41.8%) died. The factors that significantly influenced functional recovery were a better previous functional status, NIHSS score <10, the absence of atrial fibrillation, having fewer comorbidities and the <scp><neg>absence of</neg> <dis>aphasia</dis></scp>. Conclusions One year after a stroke, elderly patients showed a high mortality rate, and those who survived had <dis>substantial functional loss</dis>.

Introduction Stroke is the main cause of disability in adults and the second cause of mortality, being more common in elderly people. The aim of this study was to determine the functional outcome at 1 year in all patients older than 85 years who were evaluated by the Rehabilitation Therapy Service after being admitted for stroke in 2014. Materials and methods A longitudinal, observational, prospective study was conducted in 41 patients. We analysed sociodemographic information, the clinical characteristics of the strokes, neurological status at admission (NIHSS), functional status (Barthel Index and Rankin Scale) and walking capacity at admission, at rehabilitation discharge, and after one year. All statistical test were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 19 for Windows and statistical significance was set at a p-value of 0.05. Results The mean age of the patients was 88.6 years (85-97) and 56% were women. The average NIHSS score in the first week was 11.2. The mean length of hospital stay was 15 days. The initial Barthel score was 80.6 and initial Rankin score was 1.51; these scores were 54.5 and 2.79, respectively, at 1 year after stroke. Eighteen patients (41.8%) died. The factors that significantly influenced functional recovery were a better previous functional status, NIHSS score <10, the absence of atrial fibrillation, having fewer comorbidities and the absence of aphasia. Conclusions One year after a stroke, elderly patients showed a high mortality rate, and those who survived had substantial functional loss.

We analysed sociodemographic information, the clinical characteristics of the strokes, neurological status at admission (NIHSS), functional status (Barthel Index and Rankin Scale) and walking capacity at admission, at rehabilitation discharge, and after one year. All statistical test were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 19 for Windows and statistical significance was set at a p-value of 0.05. Results The mean age of the patients was 88.6 years (85-97) and 56% were women.

S0048712017301056

Functional outome in stroke patients older than 85 years

Keywords Stroke Elderly people Functional recovery Rehabilitation therapy

Introduction Stroke is the main cause of disability in adults and the second cause of mortality, being more common in elderly people. The aim of this study was to determine the functional outcome at 1 year in all patients older than 85 years who were evaluated by the Rehabilitation Therapy Service after being admitted for stroke in 2014. Materials and methods A longitudinal, observational, prospective study was conducted in 41 patients. We analysed sociodemographic information, the clinical characteristics of the strokes, neurological status at admission (NIHSS), functional status (Barthel Index and Rankin Scale) and walking capacity at admission, at rehabilitation discharge, and after one year. All statistical test were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 19 for Windows and statistical significance was set at a p-value of 0.05. Results The mean age of the patients was 88.6 years (85-97) and 56% were women. The average NIHSS score in the first week was 11.2. The mean length of hospital stay was 15 days. The initial Barthel score was 80.6 and initial Rankin score was 1.51; these scores were 54.5 and 2.79, respectively, at 1 year after stroke. Eighteen patients (41.8%) died. The factors that significantly influenced functional recovery were a better previous functional status, NIHSS score <10, the absence of atrial fibrillation, having fewer comorbidities and the <scp><neg>absence of</neg> <dis>aphasia</dis></scp>. Conclusions One year after a stroke, elderly patients showed a high mortality rate, and those who survived had <dis>substantial functional loss</dis>.

Introduction Stroke is the main cause of disability in adults and the second cause of mortality, being more common in elderly people. The aim of this study was to determine the functional outcome at 1 year in all patients older than 85 years who were evaluated by the Rehabilitation Therapy Service after being admitted for stroke in 2014. Materials and methods A longitudinal, observational, prospective study was conducted in 41 patients. We analysed sociodemographic information, the clinical characteristics of the strokes, neurological status at admission (NIHSS), functional status (Barthel Index and Rankin Scale) and walking capacity at admission, at rehabilitation discharge, and after one year. All statistical test were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 19 for Windows and statistical significance was set at a p-value of 0.05. Results The mean age of the patients was 88.6 years (85-97) and 56% were women. The average NIHSS score in the first week was 11.2. The mean length of hospital stay was 15 days. The initial Barthel score was 80.6 and initial Rankin score was 1.51; these scores were 54.5 and 2.79, respectively, at 1 year after stroke. Eighteen patients (41.8%) died. The factors that significantly influenced functional recovery were a better previous functional status, NIHSS score <10, the absence of atrial fibrillation, having fewer comorbidities and the absence of aphasia. Conclusions One year after a stroke, elderly patients showed a high mortality rate, and those who survived had substantial functional loss.

The average NIHSS score in the first week was 11.2. The mean length of hospital stay was 15 days. The initial Barthel score was 80.6 and initial Rankin score was 1.51; these scores were 54.5 and 2.79, respectively, at 1 year after stroke. Eighteen patients (41.8%) died.

S0048712017301056

Functional outome in stroke patients older than 85 years

Keywords Stroke Elderly people Functional recovery Rehabilitation therapy

Introduction Stroke is the main cause of disability in adults and the second cause of mortality, being more common in elderly people. The aim of this study was to determine the functional outcome at 1 year in all patients older than 85 years who were evaluated by the Rehabilitation Therapy Service after being admitted for stroke in 2014. Materials and methods A longitudinal, observational, prospective study was conducted in 41 patients. We analysed sociodemographic information, the clinical characteristics of the strokes, neurological status at admission (NIHSS), functional status (Barthel Index and Rankin Scale) and walking capacity at admission, at rehabilitation discharge, and after one year. All statistical test were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 19 for Windows and statistical significance was set at a p-value of 0.05. Results The mean age of the patients was 88.6 years (85-97) and 56% were women. The average NIHSS score in the first week was 11.2. The mean length of hospital stay was 15 days. The initial Barthel score was 80.6 and initial Rankin score was 1.51; these scores were 54.5 and 2.79, respectively, at 1 year after stroke. Eighteen patients (41.8%) died. The factors that significantly influenced functional recovery were a better previous functional status, NIHSS score <10, the absence of atrial fibrillation, having fewer comorbidities and the <scp><neg>absence of</neg> <dis>aphasia</dis></scp>. Conclusions One year after a stroke, elderly patients showed a high mortality rate, and those who survived had <dis>substantial functional loss</dis>.

Introduction Stroke is the main cause of disability in adults and the second cause of mortality, being more common in elderly people. The aim of this study was to determine the functional outcome at 1 year in all patients older than 85 years who were evaluated by the Rehabilitation Therapy Service after being admitted for stroke in 2014. Materials and methods A longitudinal, observational, prospective study was conducted in 41 patients. We analysed sociodemographic information, the clinical characteristics of the strokes, neurological status at admission (NIHSS), functional status (Barthel Index and Rankin Scale) and walking capacity at admission, at rehabilitation discharge, and after one year. All statistical test were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 19 for Windows and statistical significance was set at a p-value of 0.05. Results The mean age of the patients was 88.6 years (85-97) and 56% were women. The average NIHSS score in the first week was 11.2. The mean length of hospital stay was 15 days. The initial Barthel score was 80.6 and initial Rankin score was 1.51; these scores were 54.5 and 2.79, respectively, at 1 year after stroke. Eighteen patients (41.8%) died. The factors that significantly influenced functional recovery were a better previous functional status, NIHSS score <10, the absence of atrial fibrillation, having fewer comorbidities and the absence of aphasia. Conclusions One year after a stroke, elderly patients showed a high mortality rate, and those who survived had substantial functional loss.

The factors that significantly influenced functional recovery were a better previous functional status, NIHSS score <10, the absence of atrial fibrillation, having fewer comorbidities and the absence of aphasia. Conclusions One year after a stroke, elderly patients showed a high mortality rate, and those who survived had substantial functional loss.

S0048712017301056

Functional outome in stroke patients older than 85 years

Keywords Stroke Elderly people Functional recovery Rehabilitation therapy

Introduction Stroke is the main cause of disability in adults and the second cause of mortality, being more common in elderly people. The aim of this study was to determine the functional outcome at 1 year in all patients older than 85 years who were evaluated by the Rehabilitation Therapy Service after being admitted for stroke in 2014. Materials and methods A longitudinal, observational, prospective study was conducted in 41 patients. We analysed sociodemographic information, the clinical characteristics of the strokes, neurological status at admission (NIHSS), functional status (Barthel Index and Rankin Scale) and walking capacity at admission, at rehabilitation discharge, and after one year. All statistical test were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 19 for Windows and statistical significance was set at a p-value of 0.05. Results The mean age of the patients was 88.6 years (85-97) and 56% were women. The average NIHSS score in the first week was 11.2. The mean length of hospital stay was 15 days. The initial Barthel score was 80.6 and initial Rankin score was 1.51; these scores were 54.5 and 2.79, respectively, at 1 year after stroke. Eighteen patients (41.8%) died. The factors that significantly influenced functional recovery were a better previous functional status, NIHSS score <10, the absence of atrial fibrillation, having fewer comorbidities and the <scp><neg>absence of</neg> <dis>aphasia</dis></scp>. Conclusions One year after a stroke, elderly patients showed a high mortality rate, and those who survived had <dis>substantial functional loss</dis>.

Introduction Stroke is the main cause of disability in adults and the second cause of mortality, being more common in elderly people. The aim of this study was to determine the functional outcome at 1 year in all patients older than 85 years who were evaluated by the Rehabilitation Therapy Service after being admitted for stroke in 2014. Materials and methods A longitudinal, observational, prospective study was conducted in 41 patients. We analysed sociodemographic information, the clinical characteristics of the strokes, neurological status at admission (NIHSS), functional status (Barthel Index and Rankin Scale) and walking capacity at admission, at rehabilitation discharge, and after one year. All statistical test were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 19 for Windows and statistical significance was set at a p-value of 0.05. Results The mean age of the patients was 88.6 years (85-97) and 56% were women. The average NIHSS score in the first week was 11.2. The mean length of hospital stay was 15 days. The initial Barthel score was 80.6 and initial Rankin score was 1.51; these scores were 54.5 and 2.79, respectively, at 1 year after stroke. Eighteen patients (41.8%) died. The factors that significantly influenced functional recovery were a better previous functional status, NIHSS score <10, the absence of atrial fibrillation, having fewer comorbidities and the absence of aphasia. Conclusions One year after a stroke, elderly patients showed a high mortality rate, and those who survived had substantial functional loss.

Abstract Introduction and objective Several authors have found increased anxiety in patients the day before an intervention and its correlation with anxiety levels the post-operative period. In this study, we determined a number of problems to which patients who underwent total laryngectomy often objected: the tracheostomy, being left without a voice and it being an aggressive, major surgery. Our objective was to assess the degree of anxiety and fears of the patient prior to total laryngectomy.

S000165191000213X

Assessment of degree of psychological health involvement in pre-laryngectomized patients

Keywords Total laryngectomy Preoperative fear Anxiety Surgical patient

Abstract Introduction and objective Several authors have found increased anxiety in patients the day before an intervention and its correlation with anxiety levels the post-operative period. In this study, we determined a number of problems to which patients who underwent total laryngectomy often objected: the tracheostomy, being left without a voice and it being an aggressive, major surgery. Our objective was to assess the degree of anxiety and fears of the patient prior to total laryngectomy. Material and methods We compared 2 groups of 20 patients who underwent operation for total laryngectomy and for other ENT pathologies. On the day before the operation, we collected demographic and medical data and administered the Spanish versions of the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). We also investigated whether the patients had any fear or fear of surgery and what that fear was. Results Completion of the MMSE revealed <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> in only one patient. We subsequently conducted the GHQ-28 and found psychological distress in 20-25% of our cases. When the different fears in both groups were compared by X2, the results were not statistically significant. Conclusions Total laryngectomy causes the <dis>loss of oral communication</dis> and impairs self- image, contributing to a strong emotional reaction. It is essential to have effective rehabilitation, which considers all aspects of health-sickness, such as the recovery of spoken language, social aspects and the psychological characteristics, vital for proper comprehensive patient management.

Abstract Introduction and objective Several authors have found increased anxiety in patients the day before an intervention and its correlation with anxiety levels the post-operative period. In this study, we determined a number of problems to which patients who underwent total laryngectomy often objected: the tracheostomy, being left without a voice and it being an aggressive, major surgery. Our objective was to assess the degree of anxiety and fears of the patient prior to total laryngectomy. Material and methods We compared 2 groups of 20 patients who underwent operation for total laryngectomy and for other ENT pathologies. On the day before the operation, we collected demographic and medical data and administered the Spanish versions of the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). We also investigated whether the patients had any fear or fear of surgery and what that fear was. Results Completion of the MMSE revealed cognitive impairment in only one patient. We subsequently conducted the GHQ-28 and found psychological distress in 20-25% of our cases. When the different fears in both groups were compared by X2, the results were not statistically significant. Conclusions Total laryngectomy causes the loss of oral communication and impairs self- image, contributing to a strong emotional reaction. It is essential to have effective rehabilitation, which considers all aspects of health-sickness, such as the recovery of spoken language, social aspects and the psychological characteristics, vital for proper comprehensive patient management.

Material and methods We compared 2 groups of 20 patients who underwent operation for total laryngectomy and for other ENT pathologies. On the day before the operation, we collected demographic and medical data and administered the Spanish versions of the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). We also investigated whether the patients had any fear or fear of surgery and what that fear was.

S000165191000213X

Assessment of degree of psychological health involvement in pre-laryngectomized patients

Keywords Total laryngectomy Preoperative fear Anxiety Surgical patient

Abstract Introduction and objective Several authors have found increased anxiety in patients the day before an intervention and its correlation with anxiety levels the post-operative period. In this study, we determined a number of problems to which patients who underwent total laryngectomy often objected: the tracheostomy, being left without a voice and it being an aggressive, major surgery. Our objective was to assess the degree of anxiety and fears of the patient prior to total laryngectomy. Material and methods We compared 2 groups of 20 patients who underwent operation for total laryngectomy and for other ENT pathologies. On the day before the operation, we collected demographic and medical data and administered the Spanish versions of the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). We also investigated whether the patients had any fear or fear of surgery and what that fear was. Results Completion of the MMSE revealed <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> in only one patient. We subsequently conducted the GHQ-28 and found psychological distress in 20-25% of our cases. When the different fears in both groups were compared by X2, the results were not statistically significant. Conclusions Total laryngectomy causes the <dis>loss of oral communication</dis> and impairs self- image, contributing to a strong emotional reaction. It is essential to have effective rehabilitation, which considers all aspects of health-sickness, such as the recovery of spoken language, social aspects and the psychological characteristics, vital for proper comprehensive patient management.

Abstract Introduction and objective Several authors have found increased anxiety in patients the day before an intervention and its correlation with anxiety levels the post-operative period. In this study, we determined a number of problems to which patients who underwent total laryngectomy often objected: the tracheostomy, being left without a voice and it being an aggressive, major surgery. Our objective was to assess the degree of anxiety and fears of the patient prior to total laryngectomy. Material and methods We compared 2 groups of 20 patients who underwent operation for total laryngectomy and for other ENT pathologies. On the day before the operation, we collected demographic and medical data and administered the Spanish versions of the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). We also investigated whether the patients had any fear or fear of surgery and what that fear was. Results Completion of the MMSE revealed cognitive impairment in only one patient. We subsequently conducted the GHQ-28 and found psychological distress in 20-25% of our cases. When the different fears in both groups were compared by X2, the results were not statistically significant. Conclusions Total laryngectomy causes the loss of oral communication and impairs self- image, contributing to a strong emotional reaction. It is essential to have effective rehabilitation, which considers all aspects of health-sickness, such as the recovery of spoken language, social aspects and the psychological characteristics, vital for proper comprehensive patient management.

Results Completion of the MMSE revealed cognitive impairment in only one patient. We subsequently conducted the GHQ-28 and found psychological distress in 20-25% of our cases. When the different fears in both groups were compared by X2, the results were not statistically significant. Conclusions Total laryngectomy causes the loss of oral communication and impairs self- image, contributing to a strong emotional reaction.

S000165191000213X

Assessment of degree of psychological health involvement in pre-laryngectomized patients

Keywords Total laryngectomy Preoperative fear Anxiety Surgical patient

Abstract Introduction and objective Several authors have found increased anxiety in patients the day before an intervention and its correlation with anxiety levels the post-operative period. In this study, we determined a number of problems to which patients who underwent total laryngectomy often objected: the tracheostomy, being left without a voice and it being an aggressive, major surgery. Our objective was to assess the degree of anxiety and fears of the patient prior to total laryngectomy. Material and methods We compared 2 groups of 20 patients who underwent operation for total laryngectomy and for other ENT pathologies. On the day before the operation, we collected demographic and medical data and administered the Spanish versions of the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). We also investigated whether the patients had any fear or fear of surgery and what that fear was. Results Completion of the MMSE revealed <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> in only one patient. We subsequently conducted the GHQ-28 and found psychological distress in 20-25% of our cases. When the different fears in both groups were compared by X2, the results were not statistically significant. Conclusions Total laryngectomy causes the <dis>loss of oral communication</dis> and impairs self- image, contributing to a strong emotional reaction. It is essential to have effective rehabilitation, which considers all aspects of health-sickness, such as the recovery of spoken language, social aspects and the psychological characteristics, vital for proper comprehensive patient management.

Abstract Introduction and objective Several authors have found increased anxiety in patients the day before an intervention and its correlation with anxiety levels the post-operative period. In this study, we determined a number of problems to which patients who underwent total laryngectomy often objected: the tracheostomy, being left without a voice and it being an aggressive, major surgery. Our objective was to assess the degree of anxiety and fears of the patient prior to total laryngectomy. Material and methods We compared 2 groups of 20 patients who underwent operation for total laryngectomy and for other ENT pathologies. On the day before the operation, we collected demographic and medical data and administered the Spanish versions of the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). We also investigated whether the patients had any fear or fear of surgery and what that fear was. Results Completion of the MMSE revealed cognitive impairment in only one patient. We subsequently conducted the GHQ-28 and found psychological distress in 20-25% of our cases. When the different fears in both groups were compared by X2, the results were not statistically significant. Conclusions Total laryngectomy causes the loss of oral communication and impairs self- image, contributing to a strong emotional reaction. It is essential to have effective rehabilitation, which considers all aspects of health-sickness, such as the recovery of spoken language, social aspects and the psychological characteristics, vital for proper comprehensive patient management.

It is essential to have effective rehabilitation, which considers all aspects of health-sickness, such as the recovery of spoken language, social aspects and the psychological characteristics, vital for proper comprehensive patient management.

S000165191000213X

Assessment of degree of psychological health involvement in pre-laryngectomized patients

Keywords Total laryngectomy Preoperative fear Anxiety Surgical patient

Abstract Introduction and objective Several authors have found increased anxiety in patients the day before an intervention and its correlation with anxiety levels the post-operative period. In this study, we determined a number of problems to which patients who underwent total laryngectomy often objected: the tracheostomy, being left without a voice and it being an aggressive, major surgery. Our objective was to assess the degree of anxiety and fears of the patient prior to total laryngectomy. Material and methods We compared 2 groups of 20 patients who underwent operation for total laryngectomy and for other ENT pathologies. On the day before the operation, we collected demographic and medical data and administered the Spanish versions of the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). We also investigated whether the patients had any fear or fear of surgery and what that fear was. Results Completion of the MMSE revealed <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> in only one patient. We subsequently conducted the GHQ-28 and found psychological distress in 20-25% of our cases. When the different fears in both groups were compared by X2, the results were not statistically significant. Conclusions Total laryngectomy causes the <dis>loss of oral communication</dis> and impairs self- image, contributing to a strong emotional reaction. It is essential to have effective rehabilitation, which considers all aspects of health-sickness, such as the recovery of spoken language, social aspects and the psychological characteristics, vital for proper comprehensive patient management.

Abstract Introduction and objective Several authors have found increased anxiety in patients the day before an intervention and its correlation with anxiety levels the post-operative period. In this study, we determined a number of problems to which patients who underwent total laryngectomy often objected: the tracheostomy, being left without a voice and it being an aggressive, major surgery. Our objective was to assess the degree of anxiety and fears of the patient prior to total laryngectomy. Material and methods We compared 2 groups of 20 patients who underwent operation for total laryngectomy and for other ENT pathologies. On the day before the operation, we collected demographic and medical data and administered the Spanish versions of the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). We also investigated whether the patients had any fear or fear of surgery and what that fear was. Results Completion of the MMSE revealed cognitive impairment in only one patient. We subsequently conducted the GHQ-28 and found psychological distress in 20-25% of our cases. When the different fears in both groups were compared by X2, the results were not statistically significant. Conclusions Total laryngectomy causes the loss of oral communication and impairs self- image, contributing to a strong emotional reaction. It is essential to have effective rehabilitation, which considers all aspects of health-sickness, such as the recovery of spoken language, social aspects and the psychological characteristics, vital for proper comprehensive patient management.

Abstract Spontaneous cervical emphysema and pneumomediastinum, occurring in the absence of previous disorders or provocating factors, is very rare. The predominant symptoms are retroesternal pain, dyspnea, dysphagia and neck pain. The diagnosis is established radiologically. The evolution is generally good and conservative therapy leads to recovery in most patients.

S0001651903783988

Spontaneous cervical emphysema and pneumomediastinum with voice disorder

Key words Spontaneous pneumomediastinum/mediastinal emphysema Cervical emphysema Alteration in voice

Abstract Spontaneous cervical emphysema and pneumomediastinum, occurring in the absence of previous disorders or provocating factors, is very rare. The predominant symptoms are retroesternal pain, dyspnea, <dis>dysphagia</dis> and neck pain. The diagnosis is established radiologically. The evolution is generally good and conservative therapy leads to recovery in most patients. We present an unusual case of pneumomediastinum, cervical and retropharyngeal emphysema that spread to cavum; the suspected symptom was voice alteration as reported by the parents.

Abstract Spontaneous cervical emphysema and pneumomediastinum, occurring in the absence of previous disorders or provocating factors, is very rare. The predominant symptoms are retroesternal pain, dyspnea, dysphagia and neck pain. The diagnosis is established radiologically. The evolution is generally good and conservative therapy leads to recovery in most patients. We present an unusual case of pneumomediastinum, cervical and retropharyngeal emphysema that spread to cavum; the suspected symptom was voice alteration as reported by the parents.

We present an unusual case of pneumomediastinum, cervical and retropharyngeal emphysema that spread to cavum; the suspected symptom was voice alteration as reported by the parents.

S0001651903783988

Spontaneous cervical emphysema and pneumomediastinum with voice disorder

Key words Spontaneous pneumomediastinum/mediastinal emphysema Cervical emphysema Alteration in voice

Abstract Spontaneous cervical emphysema and pneumomediastinum, occurring in the absence of previous disorders or provocating factors, is very rare. The predominant symptoms are retroesternal pain, dyspnea, <dis>dysphagia</dis> and neck pain. The diagnosis is established radiologically. The evolution is generally good and conservative therapy leads to recovery in most patients. We present an unusual case of pneumomediastinum, cervical and retropharyngeal emphysema that spread to cavum; the suspected symptom was voice alteration as reported by the parents.

Abstract Spontaneous cervical emphysema and pneumomediastinum, occurring in the absence of previous disorders or provocating factors, is very rare. The predominant symptoms are retroesternal pain, dyspnea, dysphagia and neck pain. The diagnosis is established radiologically. The evolution is generally good and conservative therapy leads to recovery in most patients. We present an unusual case of pneumomediastinum, cervical and retropharyngeal emphysema that spread to cavum; the suspected symptom was voice alteration as reported by the parents.

Abstract Introduction Kabuki syndrome (OMIM: #147 920) presents as large palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, arched eyebrows, dysplastic ears and in most cases, with mental retardation. Patients have minor and major abnormalities in different systems. Its genetic basis is heterogeneous, but recently has been associated with mutations in gen MLL2.

S1695403312000513

Kabuki syndrome

Keywords Craniofacial anomalies Sparse eyebrows Long palpebral fissures Cleft lip/palate

Abstract Introduction Kabuki syndrome (OMIM: #147 920) presents as large palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, arched eyebrows, dysplastic ears and in most cases, with <dis>mental retardation</dis>. Patients have minor and major abnormalities in different systems. Its genetic basis is heterogeneous, but recently has been associated with mutations in gen MLL2. Case reports We present two patients with clinical features compatibles with the syndrome, mainly: large palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, arched eyebrows, flat nose, persistent fingertip pads, cardiopathies and renal anomalies. Commentary The diagnosis of this condition is clinical. The characteristics in the cases are compared with the patients reported in the literature. The importance of early diagnosis is to provide preventive management and an appropriate genetic counseling for the family.

Abstract Introduction Kabuki syndrome (OMIM: #147 920) presents as large palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, arched eyebrows, dysplastic ears and in most cases, with mental retardation. Patients have minor and major abnormalities in different systems. Its genetic basis is heterogeneous, but recently has been associated with mutations in gen MLL2. Case reports We present two patients with clinical features compatibles with the syndrome, mainly: large palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, arched eyebrows, flat nose, persistent fingertip pads, cardiopathies and renal anomalies. Commentary The diagnosis of this condition is clinical. The characteristics in the cases are compared with the patients reported in the literature. The importance of early diagnosis is to provide preventive management and an appropriate genetic counseling for the family.

Case reports We present two patients with clinical features compatibles with the syndrome, mainly: large palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, arched eyebrows, flat nose, persistent fingertip pads, cardiopathies and renal anomalies. Commentary The diagnosis of this condition is clinical. The characteristics in the cases are compared with the patients reported in the literature.

S1695403312000513

Kabuki syndrome

Keywords Craniofacial anomalies Sparse eyebrows Long palpebral fissures Cleft lip/palate

Abstract Introduction Kabuki syndrome (OMIM: #147 920) presents as large palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, arched eyebrows, dysplastic ears and in most cases, with <dis>mental retardation</dis>. Patients have minor and major abnormalities in different systems. Its genetic basis is heterogeneous, but recently has been associated with mutations in gen MLL2. Case reports We present two patients with clinical features compatibles with the syndrome, mainly: large palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, arched eyebrows, flat nose, persistent fingertip pads, cardiopathies and renal anomalies. Commentary The diagnosis of this condition is clinical. The characteristics in the cases are compared with the patients reported in the literature. The importance of early diagnosis is to provide preventive management and an appropriate genetic counseling for the family.

Abstract Introduction Kabuki syndrome (OMIM: #147 920) presents as large palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, arched eyebrows, dysplastic ears and in most cases, with mental retardation. Patients have minor and major abnormalities in different systems. Its genetic basis is heterogeneous, but recently has been associated with mutations in gen MLL2. Case reports We present two patients with clinical features compatibles with the syndrome, mainly: large palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, arched eyebrows, flat nose, persistent fingertip pads, cardiopathies and renal anomalies. Commentary The diagnosis of this condition is clinical. The characteristics in the cases are compared with the patients reported in the literature. The importance of early diagnosis is to provide preventive management and an appropriate genetic counseling for the family.

The importance of early diagnosis is to provide preventive management and an appropriate genetic counseling for the family.

S1695403312000513

Kabuki syndrome

Keywords Craniofacial anomalies Sparse eyebrows Long palpebral fissures Cleft lip/palate

Abstract Introduction Kabuki syndrome (OMIM: #147 920) presents as large palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, arched eyebrows, dysplastic ears and in most cases, with <dis>mental retardation</dis>. Patients have minor and major abnormalities in different systems. Its genetic basis is heterogeneous, but recently has been associated with mutations in gen MLL2. Case reports We present two patients with clinical features compatibles with the syndrome, mainly: large palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, arched eyebrows, flat nose, persistent fingertip pads, cardiopathies and renal anomalies. Commentary The diagnosis of this condition is clinical. The characteristics in the cases are compared with the patients reported in the literature. The importance of early diagnosis is to provide preventive management and an appropriate genetic counseling for the family.

Abstract Introduction Kabuki syndrome (OMIM: #147 920) presents as large palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, arched eyebrows, dysplastic ears and in most cases, with mental retardation. Patients have minor and major abnormalities in different systems. Its genetic basis is heterogeneous, but recently has been associated with mutations in gen MLL2. Case reports We present two patients with clinical features compatibles with the syndrome, mainly: large palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, arched eyebrows, flat nose, persistent fingertip pads, cardiopathies and renal anomalies. Commentary The diagnosis of this condition is clinical. The characteristics in the cases are compared with the patients reported in the literature. The importance of early diagnosis is to provide preventive management and an appropriate genetic counseling for the family.

Abstract Many skin diseases are associated with mental disorders. When the psychological symptoms are mild, as is often the case in dermatology, it can be difficult to distinguish between normality and the manifestations of a mental disorder. To facilitate the distinction we review the concept of mental disorder in the present article. It is also important to have instruments that can facilitate early detection of psychological disease, i.e. when the symptoms are still mild.

S1578219016000597

Early Detection of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders in Dermatology

Keywords Dermatology Mental disorders Assessment Prevention Psychiatry Psychodermatology

Abstract Many skin diseases are associated with <dis>mental disorders</dis>. When the psychological symptoms are mild, as is often the case in dermatology, it can be difficult to distinguish between normality and the manifestations of a <dis>mental disorder</dis>. To facilitate the distinction we review the concept of <dis>mental disorder</dis> in the present article. It is also important to have instruments that can facilitate early detection of <dis>psychological disease</dis>, i.e. when the symptoms are still mild. Short, simple, self-administered questionnaires have been developed to help dermatologists and other health professionals identify the presence of a <dis>mental disorder</dis> with a high degree of certainty. In this article, we focus on the questionnaires most often used to detect the 2 most common <dis>mental disorders</dis>: anxiety and depression. Finally, we describe the circumstances in which it is advisable to refer a dermatological patient to a psychiatrist, who can diagnose and treat the <dis>mental disorder</dis> in accordance with standard protocols.

Abstract Many skin diseases are associated with mental disorders. When the psychological symptoms are mild, as is often the case in dermatology, it can be difficult to distinguish between normality and the manifestations of a mental disorder. To facilitate the distinction we review the concept of mental disorder in the present article. It is also important to have instruments that can facilitate early detection of psychological disease, i.e. when the symptoms are still mild. Short, simple, self-administered questionnaires have been developed to help dermatologists and other health professionals identify the presence of a mental disorder with a high degree of certainty. In this article, we focus on the questionnaires most often used to detect the 2 most common mental disorders: anxiety and depression. Finally, we describe the circumstances in which it is advisable to refer a dermatological patient to a psychiatrist, who can diagnose and treat the mental disorder in accordance with standard protocols.

Short, simple, self-administered questionnaires have been developed to help dermatologists and other health professionals identify the presence of a mental disorder with a high degree of certainty. In this article, we focus on the questionnaires most often used to detect the 2 most common mental disorders: anxiety and depression.

S1578219016000597

Early Detection of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders in Dermatology

Keywords Dermatology Mental disorders Assessment Prevention Psychiatry Psychodermatology

Abstract Many skin diseases are associated with <dis>mental disorders</dis>. When the psychological symptoms are mild, as is often the case in dermatology, it can be difficult to distinguish between normality and the manifestations of a <dis>mental disorder</dis>. To facilitate the distinction we review the concept of <dis>mental disorder</dis> in the present article. It is also important to have instruments that can facilitate early detection of <dis>psychological disease</dis>, i.e. when the symptoms are still mild. Short, simple, self-administered questionnaires have been developed to help dermatologists and other health professionals identify the presence of a <dis>mental disorder</dis> with a high degree of certainty. In this article, we focus on the questionnaires most often used to detect the 2 most common <dis>mental disorders</dis>: anxiety and depression. Finally, we describe the circumstances in which it is advisable to refer a dermatological patient to a psychiatrist, who can diagnose and treat the <dis>mental disorder</dis> in accordance with standard protocols.

Abstract Many skin diseases are associated with mental disorders. When the psychological symptoms are mild, as is often the case in dermatology, it can be difficult to distinguish between normality and the manifestations of a mental disorder. To facilitate the distinction we review the concept of mental disorder in the present article. It is also important to have instruments that can facilitate early detection of psychological disease, i.e. when the symptoms are still mild. Short, simple, self-administered questionnaires have been developed to help dermatologists and other health professionals identify the presence of a mental disorder with a high degree of certainty. In this article, we focus on the questionnaires most often used to detect the 2 most common mental disorders: anxiety and depression. Finally, we describe the circumstances in which it is advisable to refer a dermatological patient to a psychiatrist, who can diagnose and treat the mental disorder in accordance with standard protocols.

Finally, we describe the circumstances in which it is advisable to refer a dermatological patient to a psychiatrist, who can diagnose and treat the mental disorder in accordance with standard protocols.

S1578219016000597

Early Detection of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders in Dermatology

Keywords Dermatology Mental disorders Assessment Prevention Psychiatry Psychodermatology

Abstract Many skin diseases are associated with <dis>mental disorders</dis>. When the psychological symptoms are mild, as is often the case in dermatology, it can be difficult to distinguish between normality and the manifestations of a <dis>mental disorder</dis>. To facilitate the distinction we review the concept of <dis>mental disorder</dis> in the present article. It is also important to have instruments that can facilitate early detection of <dis>psychological disease</dis>, i.e. when the symptoms are still mild. Short, simple, self-administered questionnaires have been developed to help dermatologists and other health professionals identify the presence of a <dis>mental disorder</dis> with a high degree of certainty. In this article, we focus on the questionnaires most often used to detect the 2 most common <dis>mental disorders</dis>: anxiety and depression. Finally, we describe the circumstances in which it is advisable to refer a dermatological patient to a psychiatrist, who can diagnose and treat the <dis>mental disorder</dis> in accordance with standard protocols.

Abstract Many skin diseases are associated with mental disorders. When the psychological symptoms are mild, as is often the case in dermatology, it can be difficult to distinguish between normality and the manifestations of a mental disorder. To facilitate the distinction we review the concept of mental disorder in the present article. It is also important to have instruments that can facilitate early detection of psychological disease, i.e. when the symptoms are still mild. Short, simple, self-administered questionnaires have been developed to help dermatologists and other health professionals identify the presence of a mental disorder with a high degree of certainty. In this article, we focus on the questionnaires most often used to detect the 2 most common mental disorders: anxiety and depression. Finally, we describe the circumstances in which it is advisable to refer a dermatological patient to a psychiatrist, who can diagnose and treat the mental disorder in accordance with standard protocols.

Abstract Introduction Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a group of inherited autosomal recessive lysosomal diseases, most commonly found in infancy. These are neuropathologically characterised by accumulation of an autofluorescent lipopigment in neurons and other cells.

S1695403311004966

Tripeptidyl peptidase 1 in patients with late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

Keywords Neurodegenerative disease Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis Tripeptidyl peptidase I

Abstract Introduction Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a group of inherited autosomal recessive lysosomal diseases, most commonly found in infancy. These are neuropathologically characterised by accumulation of an autofluorescent lipopigment in neurons and other cells. This condition is clinically characterised by <dis>loss of motor and cognitive skills</dis>, lack of motor coordination, <dis>ataxia</dis>, <dis>progressive visual impairment</dis>, behavioural changes; seizures of difficult to manage seizures, particularly myoclonic, and premature death. Ten clinical forms have been described, one of which is late infantile where clinical signs begin between two and four years. The gene responsible for this disease is located at 11p15 locus, and the enzyme encoded by this gene is the tripeptidyl peptidase 1. Patients and methods We standardised the technique for the enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card in 76 healthy individuals adults and children in order to establish a normal range in the Venezuelan population. The tripeptidyl peptidase activity was also determined in 9 patients with a clinical diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Results Six of the samples showed activity lower than the lowest control value (0.11 to 0.45 nmol/spot) from healthy controls of infantile age, confirming the enzymatic diagnosis. Three of the 14 parent samples analysed showed values in the heterozygote ranges. Conclusions The enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card is a rapid, easier, less expensive and accurate molecular diagnosis tool.

Abstract Introduction Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a group of inherited autosomal recessive lysosomal diseases, most commonly found in infancy. These are neuropathologically characterised by accumulation of an autofluorescent lipopigment in neurons and other cells. This condition is clinically characterised by loss of motor and cognitive skills, lack of motor coordination, ataxia, progressive visual impairment, behavioural changes; seizures of difficult to manage seizures, particularly myoclonic, and premature death. Ten clinical forms have been described, one of which is late infantile where clinical signs begin between two and four years. The gene responsible for this disease is located at 11p15 locus, and the enzyme encoded by this gene is the tripeptidyl peptidase 1. Patients and methods We standardised the technique for the enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card in 76 healthy individuals adults and children in order to establish a normal range in the Venezuelan population. The tripeptidyl peptidase activity was also determined in 9 patients with a clinical diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Results Six of the samples showed activity lower than the lowest control value (0.11 to 0.45 nmol/spot) from healthy controls of infantile age, confirming the enzymatic diagnosis. Three of the 14 parent samples analysed showed values in the heterozygote ranges. Conclusions The enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card is a rapid, easier, less expensive and accurate molecular diagnosis tool.

This condition is clinically characterised by loss of motor and cognitive skills, lack of motor coordination, ataxia, progressive visual impairment, behavioural changes; seizures of difficult to manage seizures, particularly myoclonic, and premature death. Ten clinical forms have been described, one of which is late infantile where clinical signs begin between two and four years.

S1695403311004966

Tripeptidyl peptidase 1 in patients with late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

Keywords Neurodegenerative disease Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis Tripeptidyl peptidase I

Abstract Introduction Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a group of inherited autosomal recessive lysosomal diseases, most commonly found in infancy. These are neuropathologically characterised by accumulation of an autofluorescent lipopigment in neurons and other cells. This condition is clinically characterised by <dis>loss of motor and cognitive skills</dis>, lack of motor coordination, <dis>ataxia</dis>, <dis>progressive visual impairment</dis>, behavioural changes; seizures of difficult to manage seizures, particularly myoclonic, and premature death. Ten clinical forms have been described, one of which is late infantile where clinical signs begin between two and four years. The gene responsible for this disease is located at 11p15 locus, and the enzyme encoded by this gene is the tripeptidyl peptidase 1. Patients and methods We standardised the technique for the enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card in 76 healthy individuals adults and children in order to establish a normal range in the Venezuelan population. The tripeptidyl peptidase activity was also determined in 9 patients with a clinical diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Results Six of the samples showed activity lower than the lowest control value (0.11 to 0.45 nmol/spot) from healthy controls of infantile age, confirming the enzymatic diagnosis. Three of the 14 parent samples analysed showed values in the heterozygote ranges. Conclusions The enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card is a rapid, easier, less expensive and accurate molecular diagnosis tool.

Abstract Introduction Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a group of inherited autosomal recessive lysosomal diseases, most commonly found in infancy. These are neuropathologically characterised by accumulation of an autofluorescent lipopigment in neurons and other cells. This condition is clinically characterised by loss of motor and cognitive skills, lack of motor coordination, ataxia, progressive visual impairment, behavioural changes; seizures of difficult to manage seizures, particularly myoclonic, and premature death. Ten clinical forms have been described, one of which is late infantile where clinical signs begin between two and four years. The gene responsible for this disease is located at 11p15 locus, and the enzyme encoded by this gene is the tripeptidyl peptidase 1. Patients and methods We standardised the technique for the enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card in 76 healthy individuals adults and children in order to establish a normal range in the Venezuelan population. The tripeptidyl peptidase activity was also determined in 9 patients with a clinical diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Results Six of the samples showed activity lower than the lowest control value (0.11 to 0.45 nmol/spot) from healthy controls of infantile age, confirming the enzymatic diagnosis. Three of the 14 parent samples analysed showed values in the heterozygote ranges. Conclusions The enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card is a rapid, easier, less expensive and accurate molecular diagnosis tool.

The gene responsible for this disease is located at 11p15 locus, and the enzyme encoded by this gene is the tripeptidyl peptidase 1. Patients and methods We standardised the technique for the enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card in 76 healthy individuals adults and children in order to establish a normal range in the Venezuelan population.

S1695403311004966

Tripeptidyl peptidase 1 in patients with late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

Keywords Neurodegenerative disease Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis Tripeptidyl peptidase I

Abstract Introduction Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a group of inherited autosomal recessive lysosomal diseases, most commonly found in infancy. These are neuropathologically characterised by accumulation of an autofluorescent lipopigment in neurons and other cells. This condition is clinically characterised by <dis>loss of motor and cognitive skills</dis>, lack of motor coordination, <dis>ataxia</dis>, <dis>progressive visual impairment</dis>, behavioural changes; seizures of difficult to manage seizures, particularly myoclonic, and premature death. Ten clinical forms have been described, one of which is late infantile where clinical signs begin between two and four years. The gene responsible for this disease is located at 11p15 locus, and the enzyme encoded by this gene is the tripeptidyl peptidase 1. Patients and methods We standardised the technique for the enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card in 76 healthy individuals adults and children in order to establish a normal range in the Venezuelan population. The tripeptidyl peptidase activity was also determined in 9 patients with a clinical diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Results Six of the samples showed activity lower than the lowest control value (0.11 to 0.45 nmol/spot) from healthy controls of infantile age, confirming the enzymatic diagnosis. Three of the 14 parent samples analysed showed values in the heterozygote ranges. Conclusions The enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card is a rapid, easier, less expensive and accurate molecular diagnosis tool.

Abstract Introduction Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a group of inherited autosomal recessive lysosomal diseases, most commonly found in infancy. These are neuropathologically characterised by accumulation of an autofluorescent lipopigment in neurons and other cells. This condition is clinically characterised by loss of motor and cognitive skills, lack of motor coordination, ataxia, progressive visual impairment, behavioural changes; seizures of difficult to manage seizures, particularly myoclonic, and premature death. Ten clinical forms have been described, one of which is late infantile where clinical signs begin between two and four years. The gene responsible for this disease is located at 11p15 locus, and the enzyme encoded by this gene is the tripeptidyl peptidase 1. Patients and methods We standardised the technique for the enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card in 76 healthy individuals adults and children in order to establish a normal range in the Venezuelan population. The tripeptidyl peptidase activity was also determined in 9 patients with a clinical diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Results Six of the samples showed activity lower than the lowest control value (0.11 to 0.45 nmol/spot) from healthy controls of infantile age, confirming the enzymatic diagnosis. Three of the 14 parent samples analysed showed values in the heterozygote ranges. Conclusions The enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card is a rapid, easier, less expensive and accurate molecular diagnosis tool.

The tripeptidyl peptidase activity was also determined in 9 patients with a clinical diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Results Six of the samples showed activity lower than the lowest control value (0.11 to 0.45 nmol/spot) from healthy controls of infantile age, confirming the enzymatic diagnosis. Three of the 14 parent samples analysed showed values in the heterozygote ranges.

S1695403311004966

Tripeptidyl peptidase 1 in patients with late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

Keywords Neurodegenerative disease Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis Tripeptidyl peptidase I

Abstract Introduction Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a group of inherited autosomal recessive lysosomal diseases, most commonly found in infancy. These are neuropathologically characterised by accumulation of an autofluorescent lipopigment in neurons and other cells. This condition is clinically characterised by <dis>loss of motor and cognitive skills</dis>, lack of motor coordination, <dis>ataxia</dis>, <dis>progressive visual impairment</dis>, behavioural changes; seizures of difficult to manage seizures, particularly myoclonic, and premature death. Ten clinical forms have been described, one of which is late infantile where clinical signs begin between two and four years. The gene responsible for this disease is located at 11p15 locus, and the enzyme encoded by this gene is the tripeptidyl peptidase 1. Patients and methods We standardised the technique for the enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card in 76 healthy individuals adults and children in order to establish a normal range in the Venezuelan population. The tripeptidyl peptidase activity was also determined in 9 patients with a clinical diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Results Six of the samples showed activity lower than the lowest control value (0.11 to 0.45 nmol/spot) from healthy controls of infantile age, confirming the enzymatic diagnosis. Three of the 14 parent samples analysed showed values in the heterozygote ranges. Conclusions The enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card is a rapid, easier, less expensive and accurate molecular diagnosis tool.

Abstract Introduction Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a group of inherited autosomal recessive lysosomal diseases, most commonly found in infancy. These are neuropathologically characterised by accumulation of an autofluorescent lipopigment in neurons and other cells. This condition is clinically characterised by loss of motor and cognitive skills, lack of motor coordination, ataxia, progressive visual impairment, behavioural changes; seizures of difficult to manage seizures, particularly myoclonic, and premature death. Ten clinical forms have been described, one of which is late infantile where clinical signs begin between two and four years. The gene responsible for this disease is located at 11p15 locus, and the enzyme encoded by this gene is the tripeptidyl peptidase 1. Patients and methods We standardised the technique for the enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card in 76 healthy individuals adults and children in order to establish a normal range in the Venezuelan population. The tripeptidyl peptidase activity was also determined in 9 patients with a clinical diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Results Six of the samples showed activity lower than the lowest control value (0.11 to 0.45 nmol/spot) from healthy controls of infantile age, confirming the enzymatic diagnosis. Three of the 14 parent samples analysed showed values in the heterozygote ranges. Conclusions The enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card is a rapid, easier, less expensive and accurate molecular diagnosis tool.

Conclusions The enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card is a rapid, easier, less expensive and accurate molecular diagnosis tool.

S1695403311004966

Tripeptidyl peptidase 1 in patients with late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

Keywords Neurodegenerative disease Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis Tripeptidyl peptidase I

Abstract Introduction Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a group of inherited autosomal recessive lysosomal diseases, most commonly found in infancy. These are neuropathologically characterised by accumulation of an autofluorescent lipopigment in neurons and other cells. This condition is clinically characterised by <dis>loss of motor and cognitive skills</dis>, lack of motor coordination, <dis>ataxia</dis>, <dis>progressive visual impairment</dis>, behavioural changes; seizures of difficult to manage seizures, particularly myoclonic, and premature death. Ten clinical forms have been described, one of which is late infantile where clinical signs begin between two and four years. The gene responsible for this disease is located at 11p15 locus, and the enzyme encoded by this gene is the tripeptidyl peptidase 1. Patients and methods We standardised the technique for the enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card in 76 healthy individuals adults and children in order to establish a normal range in the Venezuelan population. The tripeptidyl peptidase activity was also determined in 9 patients with a clinical diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Results Six of the samples showed activity lower than the lowest control value (0.11 to 0.45 nmol/spot) from healthy controls of infantile age, confirming the enzymatic diagnosis. Three of the 14 parent samples analysed showed values in the heterozygote ranges. Conclusions The enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card is a rapid, easier, less expensive and accurate molecular diagnosis tool.

Abstract Introduction Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a group of inherited autosomal recessive lysosomal diseases, most commonly found in infancy. These are neuropathologically characterised by accumulation of an autofluorescent lipopigment in neurons and other cells. This condition is clinically characterised by loss of motor and cognitive skills, lack of motor coordination, ataxia, progressive visual impairment, behavioural changes; seizures of difficult to manage seizures, particularly myoclonic, and premature death. Ten clinical forms have been described, one of which is late infantile where clinical signs begin between two and four years. The gene responsible for this disease is located at 11p15 locus, and the enzyme encoded by this gene is the tripeptidyl peptidase 1. Patients and methods We standardised the technique for the enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card in 76 healthy individuals adults and children in order to establish a normal range in the Venezuelan population. The tripeptidyl peptidase activity was also determined in 9 patients with a clinical diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Results Six of the samples showed activity lower than the lowest control value (0.11 to 0.45 nmol/spot) from healthy controls of infantile age, confirming the enzymatic diagnosis. Three of the 14 parent samples analysed showed values in the heterozygote ranges. Conclusions The enzymatic diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from dried blood on filter paper card is a rapid, easier, less expensive and accurate molecular diagnosis tool.