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Introduction Dementia units (DU) provide comprehensive and specialised care to patients with dementia. However, assessment in these units normally focuses on patient management. The aim of this study was to determine satisfaction of the caregivers of patients managed in a DU and how they rated DU care. Methods We created a self-administered questionnaire which was completed by 236 caregivers visiting the DU in 2015.

S0213485316301955

Perceived quality in a dementia unit: patients’ caregivers as information providers

Keywords Dementia Perceived quality Patient satisfaction Questionnaires Caregiver Health organisations

Introduction Dementia units (DU) provide comprehensive and specialised care to patients with <dis>dementia</dis>. However, assessment in these units normally focuses on patient management. The aim of this study was to determine satisfaction of the caregivers of patients managed in a DU and how they rated DU care. Methods We created a self-administered questionnaire which was completed by 236 caregivers visiting the DU in 2015. The questionnaire included 6 dimensions (accessibility, organisation, professionalism, relationship with staff, information, and facilities); data were analysed using problem rates. Results A total of 53.4% caregivers completed the questionnaire; most were women, patients’ spouses, or first-degree relatives. The overall problem rates was 15.0% (95% CI, 13.9-16.1), with sizeable differences between dimensions: from 0.1% (95% CI, 0.0-0.4) for ‘relationship with staff’ and ‘professionalism’ to 49.3% (95% CI, 45.4-53.2) for ‘information’. Waiting times over 30minutes were perceived as excessive. Information problems were not directly related to patient management. Satisfaction was scored 8.29/10 (median 8; SD 1.45); 77.3% (95% CI, 69.8-74.8) of respondents were highly satisfied. Ninety-nine percent of the caregivers stated that they would recommend the DU. Conclusions This questionnaire provides interesting data on care quality as perceived by patients’ caregivers. Our results have allowed us to identify problems and implement corrective actions. Our questionnaire has proved to be a useful tool for evaluating and improving care quality in DUs.

Introduction Dementia units (DU) provide comprehensive and specialised care to patients with dementia. However, assessment in these units normally focuses on patient management. The aim of this study was to determine satisfaction of the caregivers of patients managed in a DU and how they rated DU care. Methods We created a self-administered questionnaire which was completed by 236 caregivers visiting the DU in 2015. The questionnaire included 6 dimensions (accessibility, organisation, professionalism, relationship with staff, information, and facilities); data were analysed using problem rates. Results A total of 53.4% caregivers completed the questionnaire; most were women, patients’ spouses, or first-degree relatives. The overall problem rates was 15.0% (95% CI, 13.9-16.1), with sizeable differences between dimensions: from 0.1% (95% CI, 0.0-0.4) for ‘relationship with staff’ and ‘professionalism’ to 49.3% (95% CI, 45.4-53.2) for ‘information’. Waiting times over 30minutes were perceived as excessive. Information problems were not directly related to patient management. Satisfaction was scored 8.29/10 (median 8; SD 1.45); 77.3% (95% CI, 69.8-74.8) of respondents were highly satisfied. Ninety-nine percent of the caregivers stated that they would recommend the DU. Conclusions This questionnaire provides interesting data on care quality as perceived by patients’ caregivers. Our results have allowed us to identify problems and implement corrective actions. Our questionnaire has proved to be a useful tool for evaluating and improving care quality in DUs.

The questionnaire included 6 dimensions (accessibility, organisation, professionalism, relationship with staff, information, and facilities); data were analysed using problem rates. Results A total of 53.4% caregivers completed the questionnaire; most were women, patients’ spouses, or first-degree relatives.

S0213485316301955

Perceived quality in a dementia unit: patients’ caregivers as information providers

Keywords Dementia Perceived quality Patient satisfaction Questionnaires Caregiver Health organisations

Introduction Dementia units (DU) provide comprehensive and specialised care to patients with <dis>dementia</dis>. However, assessment in these units normally focuses on patient management. The aim of this study was to determine satisfaction of the caregivers of patients managed in a DU and how they rated DU care. Methods We created a self-administered questionnaire which was completed by 236 caregivers visiting the DU in 2015. The questionnaire included 6 dimensions (accessibility, organisation, professionalism, relationship with staff, information, and facilities); data were analysed using problem rates. Results A total of 53.4% caregivers completed the questionnaire; most were women, patients’ spouses, or first-degree relatives. The overall problem rates was 15.0% (95% CI, 13.9-16.1), with sizeable differences between dimensions: from 0.1% (95% CI, 0.0-0.4) for ‘relationship with staff’ and ‘professionalism’ to 49.3% (95% CI, 45.4-53.2) for ‘information’. Waiting times over 30minutes were perceived as excessive. Information problems were not directly related to patient management. Satisfaction was scored 8.29/10 (median 8; SD 1.45); 77.3% (95% CI, 69.8-74.8) of respondents were highly satisfied. Ninety-nine percent of the caregivers stated that they would recommend the DU. Conclusions This questionnaire provides interesting data on care quality as perceived by patients’ caregivers. Our results have allowed us to identify problems and implement corrective actions. Our questionnaire has proved to be a useful tool for evaluating and improving care quality in DUs.

Introduction Dementia units (DU) provide comprehensive and specialised care to patients with dementia. However, assessment in these units normally focuses on patient management. The aim of this study was to determine satisfaction of the caregivers of patients managed in a DU and how they rated DU care. Methods We created a self-administered questionnaire which was completed by 236 caregivers visiting the DU in 2015. The questionnaire included 6 dimensions (accessibility, organisation, professionalism, relationship with staff, information, and facilities); data were analysed using problem rates. Results A total of 53.4% caregivers completed the questionnaire; most were women, patients’ spouses, or first-degree relatives. The overall problem rates was 15.0% (95% CI, 13.9-16.1), with sizeable differences between dimensions: from 0.1% (95% CI, 0.0-0.4) for ‘relationship with staff’ and ‘professionalism’ to 49.3% (95% CI, 45.4-53.2) for ‘information’. Waiting times over 30minutes were perceived as excessive. Information problems were not directly related to patient management. Satisfaction was scored 8.29/10 (median 8; SD 1.45); 77.3% (95% CI, 69.8-74.8) of respondents were highly satisfied. Ninety-nine percent of the caregivers stated that they would recommend the DU. Conclusions This questionnaire provides interesting data on care quality as perceived by patients’ caregivers. Our results have allowed us to identify problems and implement corrective actions. Our questionnaire has proved to be a useful tool for evaluating and improving care quality in DUs.

The overall problem rates was 15.0% (95% CI, 13.9-16.1), with sizeable differences between dimensions: from 0.1% (95% CI, 0.0-0.4) for ‘relationship with staff’ and ‘professionalism’ to 49.3% (95% CI, 45.4-53.2) for ‘information’. Waiting times over 30minutes were perceived as excessive. Information problems were not directly related to patient management.

S0213485316301955

Perceived quality in a dementia unit: patients’ caregivers as information providers

Keywords Dementia Perceived quality Patient satisfaction Questionnaires Caregiver Health organisations

Introduction Dementia units (DU) provide comprehensive and specialised care to patients with <dis>dementia</dis>. However, assessment in these units normally focuses on patient management. The aim of this study was to determine satisfaction of the caregivers of patients managed in a DU and how they rated DU care. Methods We created a self-administered questionnaire which was completed by 236 caregivers visiting the DU in 2015. The questionnaire included 6 dimensions (accessibility, organisation, professionalism, relationship with staff, information, and facilities); data were analysed using problem rates. Results A total of 53.4% caregivers completed the questionnaire; most were women, patients’ spouses, or first-degree relatives. The overall problem rates was 15.0% (95% CI, 13.9-16.1), with sizeable differences between dimensions: from 0.1% (95% CI, 0.0-0.4) for ‘relationship with staff’ and ‘professionalism’ to 49.3% (95% CI, 45.4-53.2) for ‘information’. Waiting times over 30minutes were perceived as excessive. Information problems were not directly related to patient management. Satisfaction was scored 8.29/10 (median 8; SD 1.45); 77.3% (95% CI, 69.8-74.8) of respondents were highly satisfied. Ninety-nine percent of the caregivers stated that they would recommend the DU. Conclusions This questionnaire provides interesting data on care quality as perceived by patients’ caregivers. Our results have allowed us to identify problems and implement corrective actions. Our questionnaire has proved to be a useful tool for evaluating and improving care quality in DUs.

Introduction Dementia units (DU) provide comprehensive and specialised care to patients with dementia. However, assessment in these units normally focuses on patient management. The aim of this study was to determine satisfaction of the caregivers of patients managed in a DU and how they rated DU care. Methods We created a self-administered questionnaire which was completed by 236 caregivers visiting the DU in 2015. The questionnaire included 6 dimensions (accessibility, organisation, professionalism, relationship with staff, information, and facilities); data were analysed using problem rates. Results A total of 53.4% caregivers completed the questionnaire; most were women, patients’ spouses, or first-degree relatives. The overall problem rates was 15.0% (95% CI, 13.9-16.1), with sizeable differences between dimensions: from 0.1% (95% CI, 0.0-0.4) for ‘relationship with staff’ and ‘professionalism’ to 49.3% (95% CI, 45.4-53.2) for ‘information’. Waiting times over 30minutes were perceived as excessive. Information problems were not directly related to patient management. Satisfaction was scored 8.29/10 (median 8; SD 1.45); 77.3% (95% CI, 69.8-74.8) of respondents were highly satisfied. Ninety-nine percent of the caregivers stated that they would recommend the DU. Conclusions This questionnaire provides interesting data on care quality as perceived by patients’ caregivers. Our results have allowed us to identify problems and implement corrective actions. Our questionnaire has proved to be a useful tool for evaluating and improving care quality in DUs.

Satisfaction was scored 8.29/10 (median 8; SD 1.45); 77.3% (95% CI, 69.8-74.8) of respondents were highly satisfied. Ninety-nine percent of the caregivers stated that they would recommend the DU. Conclusions This questionnaire provides interesting data on care quality as perceived by patients’ caregivers. Our results have allowed us to identify problems and implement corrective actions.

S0213485316301955

Perceived quality in a dementia unit: patients’ caregivers as information providers

Keywords Dementia Perceived quality Patient satisfaction Questionnaires Caregiver Health organisations

Introduction Dementia units (DU) provide comprehensive and specialised care to patients with <dis>dementia</dis>. However, assessment in these units normally focuses on patient management. The aim of this study was to determine satisfaction of the caregivers of patients managed in a DU and how they rated DU care. Methods We created a self-administered questionnaire which was completed by 236 caregivers visiting the DU in 2015. The questionnaire included 6 dimensions (accessibility, organisation, professionalism, relationship with staff, information, and facilities); data were analysed using problem rates. Results A total of 53.4% caregivers completed the questionnaire; most were women, patients’ spouses, or first-degree relatives. The overall problem rates was 15.0% (95% CI, 13.9-16.1), with sizeable differences between dimensions: from 0.1% (95% CI, 0.0-0.4) for ‘relationship with staff’ and ‘professionalism’ to 49.3% (95% CI, 45.4-53.2) for ‘information’. Waiting times over 30minutes were perceived as excessive. Information problems were not directly related to patient management. Satisfaction was scored 8.29/10 (median 8; SD 1.45); 77.3% (95% CI, 69.8-74.8) of respondents were highly satisfied. Ninety-nine percent of the caregivers stated that they would recommend the DU. Conclusions This questionnaire provides interesting data on care quality as perceived by patients’ caregivers. Our results have allowed us to identify problems and implement corrective actions. Our questionnaire has proved to be a useful tool for evaluating and improving care quality in DUs.

Introduction Dementia units (DU) provide comprehensive and specialised care to patients with dementia. However, assessment in these units normally focuses on patient management. The aim of this study was to determine satisfaction of the caregivers of patients managed in a DU and how they rated DU care. Methods We created a self-administered questionnaire which was completed by 236 caregivers visiting the DU in 2015. The questionnaire included 6 dimensions (accessibility, organisation, professionalism, relationship with staff, information, and facilities); data were analysed using problem rates. Results A total of 53.4% caregivers completed the questionnaire; most were women, patients’ spouses, or first-degree relatives. The overall problem rates was 15.0% (95% CI, 13.9-16.1), with sizeable differences between dimensions: from 0.1% (95% CI, 0.0-0.4) for ‘relationship with staff’ and ‘professionalism’ to 49.3% (95% CI, 45.4-53.2) for ‘information’. Waiting times over 30minutes were perceived as excessive. Information problems were not directly related to patient management. Satisfaction was scored 8.29/10 (median 8; SD 1.45); 77.3% (95% CI, 69.8-74.8) of respondents were highly satisfied. Ninety-nine percent of the caregivers stated that they would recommend the DU. Conclusions This questionnaire provides interesting data on care quality as perceived by patients’ caregivers. Our results have allowed us to identify problems and implement corrective actions. Our questionnaire has proved to be a useful tool for evaluating and improving care quality in DUs.

Our questionnaire has proved to be a useful tool for evaluating and improving care quality in DUs.

S0213485316301955

Perceived quality in a dementia unit: patients’ caregivers as information providers

Keywords Dementia Perceived quality Patient satisfaction Questionnaires Caregiver Health organisations

Introduction Dementia units (DU) provide comprehensive and specialised care to patients with <dis>dementia</dis>. However, assessment in these units normally focuses on patient management. The aim of this study was to determine satisfaction of the caregivers of patients managed in a DU and how they rated DU care. Methods We created a self-administered questionnaire which was completed by 236 caregivers visiting the DU in 2015. The questionnaire included 6 dimensions (accessibility, organisation, professionalism, relationship with staff, information, and facilities); data were analysed using problem rates. Results A total of 53.4% caregivers completed the questionnaire; most were women, patients’ spouses, or first-degree relatives. The overall problem rates was 15.0% (95% CI, 13.9-16.1), with sizeable differences between dimensions: from 0.1% (95% CI, 0.0-0.4) for ‘relationship with staff’ and ‘professionalism’ to 49.3% (95% CI, 45.4-53.2) for ‘information’. Waiting times over 30minutes were perceived as excessive. Information problems were not directly related to patient management. Satisfaction was scored 8.29/10 (median 8; SD 1.45); 77.3% (95% CI, 69.8-74.8) of respondents were highly satisfied. Ninety-nine percent of the caregivers stated that they would recommend the DU. Conclusions This questionnaire provides interesting data on care quality as perceived by patients’ caregivers. Our results have allowed us to identify problems and implement corrective actions. Our questionnaire has proved to be a useful tool for evaluating and improving care quality in DUs.

Introduction Dementia units (DU) provide comprehensive and specialised care to patients with dementia. However, assessment in these units normally focuses on patient management. The aim of this study was to determine satisfaction of the caregivers of patients managed in a DU and how they rated DU care. Methods We created a self-administered questionnaire which was completed by 236 caregivers visiting the DU in 2015. The questionnaire included 6 dimensions (accessibility, organisation, professionalism, relationship with staff, information, and facilities); data were analysed using problem rates. Results A total of 53.4% caregivers completed the questionnaire; most were women, patients’ spouses, or first-degree relatives. The overall problem rates was 15.0% (95% CI, 13.9-16.1), with sizeable differences between dimensions: from 0.1% (95% CI, 0.0-0.4) for ‘relationship with staff’ and ‘professionalism’ to 49.3% (95% CI, 45.4-53.2) for ‘information’. Waiting times over 30minutes were perceived as excessive. Information problems were not directly related to patient management. Satisfaction was scored 8.29/10 (median 8; SD 1.45); 77.3% (95% CI, 69.8-74.8) of respondents were highly satisfied. Ninety-nine percent of the caregivers stated that they would recommend the DU. Conclusions This questionnaire provides interesting data on care quality as perceived by patients’ caregivers. Our results have allowed us to identify problems and implement corrective actions. Our questionnaire has proved to be a useful tool for evaluating and improving care quality in DUs.

Objective. Colombia is facing a rising epidemic of intravenous heroin use. Knowledge of the methadone-assisted treatment programs in the country is crucial in order to propose improvement strategies. Methods. 13 programmes from priority regions were surveyed. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients attending the programs, a description of the services offered, their methadone treatment protocols, the various barriers to treatment and the causes of treatment abandonment were reviewed. Results.

S0034745017300938

Facing the Growing Heroin Problem in Colombia: The New Methadone-assisted Treatment Programs

Keywords Methadone-assisted treatment Heroin Colombia HIV Hepatitis C Primary care

Objective. Colombia is facing a rising epidemic of intravenous heroin use. Knowledge of the methadone-assisted treatment programs in the country is crucial in order to propose improvement strategies. Methods. 13 programmes from priority regions were surveyed. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients attending the programs, a description of the services offered, their methadone treatment protocols, the various barriers to treatment and the causes of treatment abandonment were reviewed. Results. 12/13 questionnaires were analysed with a total of 538 active patients. Most of the patients attending these programs were men (85.5%) between 18 and 34 years-old (70%). Forty percent (40%) were intravenous drug users and 25% admitted sharing needles. The comorbidities associated with heroin use were <dis>mental illness</dis> (48%), hepatitis C (8.7%) and HIV (2%). Psychiatric comorbidity was more likely in patients attending the private sector (69.8% vs 29.7%; p<0.03). The initial average dose of methadone administered was 25.3±8.9mg/day, with a maintenance dose ranging from 41 to 80mg/day. Lack of alignment with primary care was perceived to be the most serious barrier to access, ahead of problems with insurance and prejudice towards treatment with methadone (p<0.05). Health Administration and insurance problems (p<0.003), together with the lack of availability of methadone (p<0.018) and relapse (p<0.014) were the most important reasons for abandonment of treatment. Conclusions. The treatment protocols of these programmes offer different levels of development and implementation. Some of the barriers to access and reasons for abandonment of treatment with methadone can be mitigated with better health administration.

Objective. Colombia is facing a rising epidemic of intravenous heroin use. Knowledge of the methadone-assisted treatment programs in the country is crucial in order to propose improvement strategies. Methods. 13 programmes from priority regions were surveyed. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients attending the programs, a description of the services offered, their methadone treatment protocols, the various barriers to treatment and the causes of treatment abandonment were reviewed. Results. 12/13 questionnaires were analysed with a total of 538 active patients. Most of the patients attending these programs were men (85.5%) between 18 and 34 years-old (70%). Forty percent (40%) were intravenous drug users and 25% admitted sharing needles. The comorbidities associated with heroin use were mental illness (48%), hepatitis C (8.7%) and HIV (2%). Psychiatric comorbidity was more likely in patients attending the private sector (69.8% vs 29.7%; p<0.03). The initial average dose of methadone administered was 25.3±8.9mg/day, with a maintenance dose ranging from 41 to 80mg/day. Lack of alignment with primary care was perceived to be the most serious barrier to access, ahead of problems with insurance and prejudice towards treatment with methadone (p<0.05). Health Administration and insurance problems (p<0.003), together with the lack of availability of methadone (p<0.018) and relapse (p<0.014) were the most important reasons for abandonment of treatment. Conclusions. The treatment protocols of these programmes offer different levels of development and implementation. Some of the barriers to access and reasons for abandonment of treatment with methadone can be mitigated with better health administration.

12/13 questionnaires were analysed with a total of 538 active patients. Most of the patients attending these programs were men (85.5%) between 18 and 34 years-old (70%). Forty percent (40%) were intravenous drug users and 25% admitted sharing needles. The comorbidities associated with heroin use were mental illness (48%), hepatitis C (8.7%) and HIV (2%).

S0034745017300938

Facing the Growing Heroin Problem in Colombia: The New Methadone-assisted Treatment Programs

Keywords Methadone-assisted treatment Heroin Colombia HIV Hepatitis C Primary care

Objective. Colombia is facing a rising epidemic of intravenous heroin use. Knowledge of the methadone-assisted treatment programs in the country is crucial in order to propose improvement strategies. Methods. 13 programmes from priority regions were surveyed. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients attending the programs, a description of the services offered, their methadone treatment protocols, the various barriers to treatment and the causes of treatment abandonment were reviewed. Results. 12/13 questionnaires were analysed with a total of 538 active patients. Most of the patients attending these programs were men (85.5%) between 18 and 34 years-old (70%). Forty percent (40%) were intravenous drug users and 25% admitted sharing needles. The comorbidities associated with heroin use were <dis>mental illness</dis> (48%), hepatitis C (8.7%) and HIV (2%). Psychiatric comorbidity was more likely in patients attending the private sector (69.8% vs 29.7%; p<0.03). The initial average dose of methadone administered was 25.3±8.9mg/day, with a maintenance dose ranging from 41 to 80mg/day. Lack of alignment with primary care was perceived to be the most serious barrier to access, ahead of problems with insurance and prejudice towards treatment with methadone (p<0.05). Health Administration and insurance problems (p<0.003), together with the lack of availability of methadone (p<0.018) and relapse (p<0.014) were the most important reasons for abandonment of treatment. Conclusions. The treatment protocols of these programmes offer different levels of development and implementation. Some of the barriers to access and reasons for abandonment of treatment with methadone can be mitigated with better health administration.

Objective. Colombia is facing a rising epidemic of intravenous heroin use. Knowledge of the methadone-assisted treatment programs in the country is crucial in order to propose improvement strategies. Methods. 13 programmes from priority regions were surveyed. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients attending the programs, a description of the services offered, their methadone treatment protocols, the various barriers to treatment and the causes of treatment abandonment were reviewed. Results. 12/13 questionnaires were analysed with a total of 538 active patients. Most of the patients attending these programs were men (85.5%) between 18 and 34 years-old (70%). Forty percent (40%) were intravenous drug users and 25% admitted sharing needles. The comorbidities associated with heroin use were mental illness (48%), hepatitis C (8.7%) and HIV (2%). Psychiatric comorbidity was more likely in patients attending the private sector (69.8% vs 29.7%; p<0.03). The initial average dose of methadone administered was 25.3±8.9mg/day, with a maintenance dose ranging from 41 to 80mg/day. Lack of alignment with primary care was perceived to be the most serious barrier to access, ahead of problems with insurance and prejudice towards treatment with methadone (p<0.05). Health Administration and insurance problems (p<0.003), together with the lack of availability of methadone (p<0.018) and relapse (p<0.014) were the most important reasons for abandonment of treatment. Conclusions. The treatment protocols of these programmes offer different levels of development and implementation. Some of the barriers to access and reasons for abandonment of treatment with methadone can be mitigated with better health administration.

Psychiatric comorbidity was more likely in patients attending the private sector (69.8% vs 29.7%; p<0.03). The initial average dose of methadone administered was 25.3±8.9mg/day, with a maintenance dose ranging from 41 to 80mg/day.

S0034745017300938

Facing the Growing Heroin Problem in Colombia: The New Methadone-assisted Treatment Programs

Keywords Methadone-assisted treatment Heroin Colombia HIV Hepatitis C Primary care

Objective. Colombia is facing a rising epidemic of intravenous heroin use. Knowledge of the methadone-assisted treatment programs in the country is crucial in order to propose improvement strategies. Methods. 13 programmes from priority regions were surveyed. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients attending the programs, a description of the services offered, their methadone treatment protocols, the various barriers to treatment and the causes of treatment abandonment were reviewed. Results. 12/13 questionnaires were analysed with a total of 538 active patients. Most of the patients attending these programs were men (85.5%) between 18 and 34 years-old (70%). Forty percent (40%) were intravenous drug users and 25% admitted sharing needles. The comorbidities associated with heroin use were <dis>mental illness</dis> (48%), hepatitis C (8.7%) and HIV (2%). Psychiatric comorbidity was more likely in patients attending the private sector (69.8% vs 29.7%; p<0.03). The initial average dose of methadone administered was 25.3±8.9mg/day, with a maintenance dose ranging from 41 to 80mg/day. Lack of alignment with primary care was perceived to be the most serious barrier to access, ahead of problems with insurance and prejudice towards treatment with methadone (p<0.05). Health Administration and insurance problems (p<0.003), together with the lack of availability of methadone (p<0.018) and relapse (p<0.014) were the most important reasons for abandonment of treatment. Conclusions. The treatment protocols of these programmes offer different levels of development and implementation. Some of the barriers to access and reasons for abandonment of treatment with methadone can be mitigated with better health administration.

Objective. Colombia is facing a rising epidemic of intravenous heroin use. Knowledge of the methadone-assisted treatment programs in the country is crucial in order to propose improvement strategies. Methods. 13 programmes from priority regions were surveyed. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients attending the programs, a description of the services offered, their methadone treatment protocols, the various barriers to treatment and the causes of treatment abandonment were reviewed. Results. 12/13 questionnaires were analysed with a total of 538 active patients. Most of the patients attending these programs were men (85.5%) between 18 and 34 years-old (70%). Forty percent (40%) were intravenous drug users and 25% admitted sharing needles. The comorbidities associated with heroin use were mental illness (48%), hepatitis C (8.7%) and HIV (2%). Psychiatric comorbidity was more likely in patients attending the private sector (69.8% vs 29.7%; p<0.03). The initial average dose of methadone administered was 25.3±8.9mg/day, with a maintenance dose ranging from 41 to 80mg/day. Lack of alignment with primary care was perceived to be the most serious barrier to access, ahead of problems with insurance and prejudice towards treatment with methadone (p<0.05). Health Administration and insurance problems (p<0.003), together with the lack of availability of methadone (p<0.018) and relapse (p<0.014) were the most important reasons for abandonment of treatment. Conclusions. The treatment protocols of these programmes offer different levels of development and implementation. Some of the barriers to access and reasons for abandonment of treatment with methadone can be mitigated with better health administration.

Lack of alignment with primary care was perceived to be the most serious barrier to access, ahead of problems with insurance and prejudice towards treatment with methadone (p<0.05). Health Administration and insurance problems (p<0.003), together with the lack of availability of methadone (p<0.018) and relapse (p<0.014) were the most important reasons for abandonment of treatment. Conclusions. The treatment protocols of these programmes offer different levels of development and implementation.

S0034745017300938

Facing the Growing Heroin Problem in Colombia: The New Methadone-assisted Treatment Programs

Keywords Methadone-assisted treatment Heroin Colombia HIV Hepatitis C Primary care

Objective. Colombia is facing a rising epidemic of intravenous heroin use. Knowledge of the methadone-assisted treatment programs in the country is crucial in order to propose improvement strategies. Methods. 13 programmes from priority regions were surveyed. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients attending the programs, a description of the services offered, their methadone treatment protocols, the various barriers to treatment and the causes of treatment abandonment were reviewed. Results. 12/13 questionnaires were analysed with a total of 538 active patients. Most of the patients attending these programs were men (85.5%) between 18 and 34 years-old (70%). Forty percent (40%) were intravenous drug users and 25% admitted sharing needles. The comorbidities associated with heroin use were <dis>mental illness</dis> (48%), hepatitis C (8.7%) and HIV (2%). Psychiatric comorbidity was more likely in patients attending the private sector (69.8% vs 29.7%; p<0.03). The initial average dose of methadone administered was 25.3±8.9mg/day, with a maintenance dose ranging from 41 to 80mg/day. Lack of alignment with primary care was perceived to be the most serious barrier to access, ahead of problems with insurance and prejudice towards treatment with methadone (p<0.05). Health Administration and insurance problems (p<0.003), together with the lack of availability of methadone (p<0.018) and relapse (p<0.014) were the most important reasons for abandonment of treatment. Conclusions. The treatment protocols of these programmes offer different levels of development and implementation. Some of the barriers to access and reasons for abandonment of treatment with methadone can be mitigated with better health administration.

Objective. Colombia is facing a rising epidemic of intravenous heroin use. Knowledge of the methadone-assisted treatment programs in the country is crucial in order to propose improvement strategies. Methods. 13 programmes from priority regions were surveyed. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients attending the programs, a description of the services offered, their methadone treatment protocols, the various barriers to treatment and the causes of treatment abandonment were reviewed. Results. 12/13 questionnaires were analysed with a total of 538 active patients. Most of the patients attending these programs were men (85.5%) between 18 and 34 years-old (70%). Forty percent (40%) were intravenous drug users and 25% admitted sharing needles. The comorbidities associated with heroin use were mental illness (48%), hepatitis C (8.7%) and HIV (2%). Psychiatric comorbidity was more likely in patients attending the private sector (69.8% vs 29.7%; p<0.03). The initial average dose of methadone administered was 25.3±8.9mg/day, with a maintenance dose ranging from 41 to 80mg/day. Lack of alignment with primary care was perceived to be the most serious barrier to access, ahead of problems with insurance and prejudice towards treatment with methadone (p<0.05). Health Administration and insurance problems (p<0.003), together with the lack of availability of methadone (p<0.018) and relapse (p<0.014) were the most important reasons for abandonment of treatment. Conclusions. The treatment protocols of these programmes offer different levels of development and implementation. Some of the barriers to access and reasons for abandonment of treatment with methadone can be mitigated with better health administration.

Some of the barriers to access and reasons for abandonment of treatment with methadone can be mitigated with better health administration.

S0034745017300938

Facing the Growing Heroin Problem in Colombia: The New Methadone-assisted Treatment Programs

Keywords Methadone-assisted treatment Heroin Colombia HIV Hepatitis C Primary care

Objective. Colombia is facing a rising epidemic of intravenous heroin use. Knowledge of the methadone-assisted treatment programs in the country is crucial in order to propose improvement strategies. Methods. 13 programmes from priority regions were surveyed. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients attending the programs, a description of the services offered, their methadone treatment protocols, the various barriers to treatment and the causes of treatment abandonment were reviewed. Results. 12/13 questionnaires were analysed with a total of 538 active patients. Most of the patients attending these programs were men (85.5%) between 18 and 34 years-old (70%). Forty percent (40%) were intravenous drug users and 25% admitted sharing needles. The comorbidities associated with heroin use were <dis>mental illness</dis> (48%), hepatitis C (8.7%) and HIV (2%). Psychiatric comorbidity was more likely in patients attending the private sector (69.8% vs 29.7%; p<0.03). The initial average dose of methadone administered was 25.3±8.9mg/day, with a maintenance dose ranging from 41 to 80mg/day. Lack of alignment with primary care was perceived to be the most serious barrier to access, ahead of problems with insurance and prejudice towards treatment with methadone (p<0.05). Health Administration and insurance problems (p<0.003), together with the lack of availability of methadone (p<0.018) and relapse (p<0.014) were the most important reasons for abandonment of treatment. Conclusions. The treatment protocols of these programmes offer different levels of development and implementation. Some of the barriers to access and reasons for abandonment of treatment with methadone can be mitigated with better health administration.

Objective. Colombia is facing a rising epidemic of intravenous heroin use. Knowledge of the methadone-assisted treatment programs in the country is crucial in order to propose improvement strategies. Methods. 13 programmes from priority regions were surveyed. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients attending the programs, a description of the services offered, their methadone treatment protocols, the various barriers to treatment and the causes of treatment abandonment were reviewed. Results. 12/13 questionnaires were analysed with a total of 538 active patients. Most of the patients attending these programs were men (85.5%) between 18 and 34 years-old (70%). Forty percent (40%) were intravenous drug users and 25% admitted sharing needles. The comorbidities associated with heroin use were mental illness (48%), hepatitis C (8.7%) and HIV (2%). Psychiatric comorbidity was more likely in patients attending the private sector (69.8% vs 29.7%; p<0.03). The initial average dose of methadone administered was 25.3±8.9mg/day, with a maintenance dose ranging from 41 to 80mg/day. Lack of alignment with primary care was perceived to be the most serious barrier to access, ahead of problems with insurance and prejudice towards treatment with methadone (p<0.05). Health Administration and insurance problems (p<0.003), together with the lack of availability of methadone (p<0.018) and relapse (p<0.014) were the most important reasons for abandonment of treatment. Conclusions. The treatment protocols of these programmes offer different levels of development and implementation. Some of the barriers to access and reasons for abandonment of treatment with methadone can be mitigated with better health administration.

Abstract Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuro-behavioural disorder with onset in childhood. These children have impaired emotional self- control, self-regulation of drive and motivation. Numerous studies have reported cognitive disabilities in memory, executive functions, spatial abilities and language skills.

S1888899215000021

Socio-emotional intervention in attention deficit hyperactive disorder

Keywords Attention deficit hyperactive disorder Intervention programmes Socio-emotional interventions Executive functions

Abstract <dis>Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder</dis> (<dis>ADHD</dis>) is a common neuro-behavioural disorder with onset in childhood. These children have impaired emotional self- control, self-regulation of drive and motivation. Numerous studies have reported <dis>cognitive disabilities in memory, executive functions, spatial abilities and language skills</dis>. The main objective of this work is to determine whether a socio-emotional intervention programme could improve executive functions in children with <dis>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder</dis>. The sample of this study consisted of 25 children (8 female and 17 male) aged between 8 and 12 years, diagnosed with <dis>ADHD</dis> and who were not taking any psychopharmacological treatment at the time of the study, and had not taken medication previously. Executive functioning was assessed through the Zoo Map test and Tower of Hanoi puzzle in pre-/post-test design. A socio-emotional intervention programme was implemented. The training consisted of 8 one-hour weekly sessions, on an individual basis. Results indicate that such a programme does lead to improved performance in the execution of tasks that evaluate executive functions. After the intervention, the children took less time to resolve the Zoo Map test. Results for the Hanoi Tower puzzle were also improved after intervention. The children needed a lower number of movements to complete the task.

Abstract Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuro-behavioural disorder with onset in childhood. These children have impaired emotional self- control, self-regulation of drive and motivation. Numerous studies have reported cognitive disabilities in memory, executive functions, spatial abilities and language skills. The main objective of this work is to determine whether a socio-emotional intervention programme could improve executive functions in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The sample of this study consisted of 25 children (8 female and 17 male) aged between 8 and 12 years, diagnosed with ADHD and who were not taking any psychopharmacological treatment at the time of the study, and had not taken medication previously. Executive functioning was assessed through the Zoo Map test and Tower of Hanoi puzzle in pre-/post-test design. A socio-emotional intervention programme was implemented. The training consisted of 8 one-hour weekly sessions, on an individual basis. Results indicate that such a programme does lead to improved performance in the execution of tasks that evaluate executive functions. After the intervention, the children took less time to resolve the Zoo Map test. Results for the Hanoi Tower puzzle were also improved after intervention. The children needed a lower number of movements to complete the task.

The main objective of this work is to determine whether a socio-emotional intervention programme could improve executive functions in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The sample of this study consisted of 25 children (8 female and 17 male) aged between 8 and 12 years, diagnosed with ADHD and who were not taking any psychopharmacological treatment at the time of the study, and had not taken medication previously.

S1888899215000021

Socio-emotional intervention in attention deficit hyperactive disorder

Keywords Attention deficit hyperactive disorder Intervention programmes Socio-emotional interventions Executive functions

Abstract <dis>Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder</dis> (<dis>ADHD</dis>) is a common neuro-behavioural disorder with onset in childhood. These children have impaired emotional self- control, self-regulation of drive and motivation. Numerous studies have reported <dis>cognitive disabilities in memory, executive functions, spatial abilities and language skills</dis>. The main objective of this work is to determine whether a socio-emotional intervention programme could improve executive functions in children with <dis>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder</dis>. The sample of this study consisted of 25 children (8 female and 17 male) aged between 8 and 12 years, diagnosed with <dis>ADHD</dis> and who were not taking any psychopharmacological treatment at the time of the study, and had not taken medication previously. Executive functioning was assessed through the Zoo Map test and Tower of Hanoi puzzle in pre-/post-test design. A socio-emotional intervention programme was implemented. The training consisted of 8 one-hour weekly sessions, on an individual basis. Results indicate that such a programme does lead to improved performance in the execution of tasks that evaluate executive functions. After the intervention, the children took less time to resolve the Zoo Map test. Results for the Hanoi Tower puzzle were also improved after intervention. The children needed a lower number of movements to complete the task.

Abstract Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuro-behavioural disorder with onset in childhood. These children have impaired emotional self- control, self-regulation of drive and motivation. Numerous studies have reported cognitive disabilities in memory, executive functions, spatial abilities and language skills. The main objective of this work is to determine whether a socio-emotional intervention programme could improve executive functions in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The sample of this study consisted of 25 children (8 female and 17 male) aged between 8 and 12 years, diagnosed with ADHD and who were not taking any psychopharmacological treatment at the time of the study, and had not taken medication previously. Executive functioning was assessed through the Zoo Map test and Tower of Hanoi puzzle in pre-/post-test design. A socio-emotional intervention programme was implemented. The training consisted of 8 one-hour weekly sessions, on an individual basis. Results indicate that such a programme does lead to improved performance in the execution of tasks that evaluate executive functions. After the intervention, the children took less time to resolve the Zoo Map test. Results for the Hanoi Tower puzzle were also improved after intervention. The children needed a lower number of movements to complete the task.

Executive functioning was assessed through the Zoo Map test and Tower of Hanoi puzzle in pre-/post-test design. A socio-emotional intervention programme was implemented. The training consisted of 8 one-hour weekly sessions, on an individual basis. Results indicate that such a programme does lead to improved performance in the execution of tasks that evaluate executive functions. After the intervention, the children took less time to resolve the Zoo Map test. Results for the Hanoi Tower puzzle were also improved after intervention. The children needed a lower number of movements to complete the task.

S1888899215000021

Socio-emotional intervention in attention deficit hyperactive disorder

Keywords Attention deficit hyperactive disorder Intervention programmes Socio-emotional interventions Executive functions

Abstract <dis>Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder</dis> (<dis>ADHD</dis>) is a common neuro-behavioural disorder with onset in childhood. These children have impaired emotional self- control, self-regulation of drive and motivation. Numerous studies have reported <dis>cognitive disabilities in memory, executive functions, spatial abilities and language skills</dis>. The main objective of this work is to determine whether a socio-emotional intervention programme could improve executive functions in children with <dis>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder</dis>. The sample of this study consisted of 25 children (8 female and 17 male) aged between 8 and 12 years, diagnosed with <dis>ADHD</dis> and who were not taking any psychopharmacological treatment at the time of the study, and had not taken medication previously. Executive functioning was assessed through the Zoo Map test and Tower of Hanoi puzzle in pre-/post-test design. A socio-emotional intervention programme was implemented. The training consisted of 8 one-hour weekly sessions, on an individual basis. Results indicate that such a programme does lead to improved performance in the execution of tasks that evaluate executive functions. After the intervention, the children took less time to resolve the Zoo Map test. Results for the Hanoi Tower puzzle were also improved after intervention. The children needed a lower number of movements to complete the task.

Abstract Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuro-behavioural disorder with onset in childhood. These children have impaired emotional self- control, self-regulation of drive and motivation. Numerous studies have reported cognitive disabilities in memory, executive functions, spatial abilities and language skills. The main objective of this work is to determine whether a socio-emotional intervention programme could improve executive functions in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The sample of this study consisted of 25 children (8 female and 17 male) aged between 8 and 12 years, diagnosed with ADHD and who were not taking any psychopharmacological treatment at the time of the study, and had not taken medication previously. Executive functioning was assessed through the Zoo Map test and Tower of Hanoi puzzle in pre-/post-test design. A socio-emotional intervention programme was implemented. The training consisted of 8 one-hour weekly sessions, on an individual basis. Results indicate that such a programme does lead to improved performance in the execution of tasks that evaluate executive functions. After the intervention, the children took less time to resolve the Zoo Map test. Results for the Hanoi Tower puzzle were also improved after intervention. The children needed a lower number of movements to complete the task.

Abstract Introduction Comorbidity studies of frequency of OCD or OCD symptoms and schizophrenia show very high variability. The presence of these symptoms in schizophrenia has been related to factors like severity of disease. The objective of this study is to estimate the frequency of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients having schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and to evaluate its relationship with clinical characteristics.

S0034745014601013

Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms in Patients with Pathological Schizophrenia: Frequency and Relation with Clinical Characteristics

Key words Schizophrenia obsessive-compulsive disorder comorbidity signs and symptoms

Abstract Introduction Comorbidity studies of frequency of OCD or OCD symptoms and schizophrenia show very high variability. The presence of these symptoms in schizophrenia has been related to factors like severity of disease. The objective of this study is to estimate the frequency of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients having schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and to evaluate its relationship with clinical characteristics. Results A total of 222 patients have been evaluated using SANS, SAPS, BPRS, EMUN and Zung scales and the Y-BOCS Symptom Checklist. No cases of OCD have been found. The frequency of OCD symptoms was 4.5% (95% CI 2.2% 8.1%). OCD symptoms were associated with <dis>social and cognitive impairment</dis>. Conclusions OCD and OCD symptoms represent distinct dimensions in schizophrenic patients. Its presence in different stages of the disease could indicate impairment or protection against more disruptive signs of psychosis.

Abstract Introduction Comorbidity studies of frequency of OCD or OCD symptoms and schizophrenia show very high variability. The presence of these symptoms in schizophrenia has been related to factors like severity of disease. The objective of this study is to estimate the frequency of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients having schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and to evaluate its relationship with clinical characteristics. Results A total of 222 patients have been evaluated using SANS, SAPS, BPRS, EMUN and Zung scales and the Y-BOCS Symptom Checklist. No cases of OCD have been found. The frequency of OCD symptoms was 4.5% (95% CI 2.2% 8.1%). OCD symptoms were associated with social and cognitive impairment. Conclusions OCD and OCD symptoms represent distinct dimensions in schizophrenic patients. Its presence in different stages of the disease could indicate impairment or protection against more disruptive signs of psychosis.

Results A total of 222 patients have been evaluated using SANS, SAPS, BPRS, EMUN and Zung scales and the Y-BOCS Symptom Checklist. No cases of OCD have been found. The frequency of OCD symptoms was 4.5% (95% CI 2.2% 8.1%). OCD symptoms were associated with social and cognitive impairment. Conclusions OCD and OCD symptoms represent distinct dimensions in schizophrenic patients.

S0034745014601013

Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms in Patients with Pathological Schizophrenia: Frequency and Relation with Clinical Characteristics

Key words Schizophrenia obsessive-compulsive disorder comorbidity signs and symptoms

Abstract Introduction Comorbidity studies of frequency of OCD or OCD symptoms and schizophrenia show very high variability. The presence of these symptoms in schizophrenia has been related to factors like severity of disease. The objective of this study is to estimate the frequency of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients having schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and to evaluate its relationship with clinical characteristics. Results A total of 222 patients have been evaluated using SANS, SAPS, BPRS, EMUN and Zung scales and the Y-BOCS Symptom Checklist. No cases of OCD have been found. The frequency of OCD symptoms was 4.5% (95% CI 2.2% 8.1%). OCD symptoms were associated with <dis>social and cognitive impairment</dis>. Conclusions OCD and OCD symptoms represent distinct dimensions in schizophrenic patients. Its presence in different stages of the disease could indicate impairment or protection against more disruptive signs of psychosis.

Abstract Introduction Comorbidity studies of frequency of OCD or OCD symptoms and schizophrenia show very high variability. The presence of these symptoms in schizophrenia has been related to factors like severity of disease. The objective of this study is to estimate the frequency of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients having schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and to evaluate its relationship with clinical characteristics. Results A total of 222 patients have been evaluated using SANS, SAPS, BPRS, EMUN and Zung scales and the Y-BOCS Symptom Checklist. No cases of OCD have been found. The frequency of OCD symptoms was 4.5% (95% CI 2.2% 8.1%). OCD symptoms were associated with social and cognitive impairment. Conclusions OCD and OCD symptoms represent distinct dimensions in schizophrenic patients. Its presence in different stages of the disease could indicate impairment or protection against more disruptive signs of psychosis.

Its presence in different stages of the disease could indicate impairment or protection against more disruptive signs of psychosis.

S0034745014601013

Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms in Patients with Pathological Schizophrenia: Frequency and Relation with Clinical Characteristics

Key words Schizophrenia obsessive-compulsive disorder comorbidity signs and symptoms

Abstract Introduction Comorbidity studies of frequency of OCD or OCD symptoms and schizophrenia show very high variability. The presence of these symptoms in schizophrenia has been related to factors like severity of disease. The objective of this study is to estimate the frequency of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients having schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and to evaluate its relationship with clinical characteristics. Results A total of 222 patients have been evaluated using SANS, SAPS, BPRS, EMUN and Zung scales and the Y-BOCS Symptom Checklist. No cases of OCD have been found. The frequency of OCD symptoms was 4.5% (95% CI 2.2% 8.1%). OCD symptoms were associated with <dis>social and cognitive impairment</dis>. Conclusions OCD and OCD symptoms represent distinct dimensions in schizophrenic patients. Its presence in different stages of the disease could indicate impairment or protection against more disruptive signs of psychosis.

Abstract Introduction Comorbidity studies of frequency of OCD or OCD symptoms and schizophrenia show very high variability. The presence of these symptoms in schizophrenia has been related to factors like severity of disease. The objective of this study is to estimate the frequency of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients having schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and to evaluate its relationship with clinical characteristics. Results A total of 222 patients have been evaluated using SANS, SAPS, BPRS, EMUN and Zung scales and the Y-BOCS Symptom Checklist. No cases of OCD have been found. The frequency of OCD symptoms was 4.5% (95% CI 2.2% 8.1%). OCD symptoms were associated with social and cognitive impairment. Conclusions OCD and OCD symptoms represent distinct dimensions in schizophrenic patients. Its presence in different stages of the disease could indicate impairment or protection against more disruptive signs of psychosis.

SUMMARY Hearing loss presents a major health problem. Patients with difficulty to hearing and communicating is frustrating for them causing social isolation and low self-esteem, often being associated with depression and dementia in senescence. In health area there are very few developed technologies as quickly as Cochlear Implant.

S0716864016301134

COCHLEAR IMPLANT. CURRENT STATE AND FUTURE

Keywords Cochlear implant hearing loss implantable hearning systems

SUMMARY <dis>Hearing loss</dis> presents a major health problem. Patients with <dis>difficulty to hearing and communicating</dis> is frustrating for them causing social isolation and low self-esteem, often being associated with depression and <dis>dementia</dis> in senescence. In health area there are very few developed technologies as quickly as Cochlear Implant. In this editorial we will focus on the most important aspects such as technological innovation, extension of indications and surgical technique, and specially in education aspect and social impact. Probably there are somes aspects to investigate, these sections collect the most important issues of the technique that has revolutionized not only in Otorhinolaryngology field, however the way to deal medical condition, social and communicative human problem.

SUMMARY Hearing loss presents a major health problem. Patients with difficulty to hearing and communicating is frustrating for them causing social isolation and low self-esteem, often being associated with depression and dementia in senescence. In health area there are very few developed technologies as quickly as Cochlear Implant. In this editorial we will focus on the most important aspects such as technological innovation, extension of indications and surgical technique, and specially in education aspect and social impact. Probably there are somes aspects to investigate, these sections collect the most important issues of the technique that has revolutionized not only in Otorhinolaryngology field, however the way to deal medical condition, social and communicative human problem.

In this editorial we will focus on the most important aspects such as technological innovation, extension of indications and surgical technique, and specially in education aspect and social impact. Probably there are somes aspects to investigate, these sections collect the most important issues of the technique that has revolutionized not only in Otorhinolaryngology field, however the way to deal medical condition, social and communicative human problem.

S0716864016301134

COCHLEAR IMPLANT. CURRENT STATE AND FUTURE

Keywords Cochlear implant hearing loss implantable hearning systems

SUMMARY <dis>Hearing loss</dis> presents a major health problem. Patients with <dis>difficulty to hearing and communicating</dis> is frustrating for them causing social isolation and low self-esteem, often being associated with depression and <dis>dementia</dis> in senescence. In health area there are very few developed technologies as quickly as Cochlear Implant. In this editorial we will focus on the most important aspects such as technological innovation, extension of indications and surgical technique, and specially in education aspect and social impact. Probably there are somes aspects to investigate, these sections collect the most important issues of the technique that has revolutionized not only in Otorhinolaryngology field, however the way to deal medical condition, social and communicative human problem.

SUMMARY Hearing loss presents a major health problem. Patients with difficulty to hearing and communicating is frustrating for them causing social isolation and low self-esteem, often being associated with depression and dementia in senescence. In health area there are very few developed technologies as quickly as Cochlear Implant. In this editorial we will focus on the most important aspects such as technological innovation, extension of indications and surgical technique, and specially in education aspect and social impact. Probably there are somes aspects to investigate, these sections collect the most important issues of the technique that has revolutionized not only in Otorhinolaryngology field, however the way to deal medical condition, social and communicative human problem.

Abstract Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is an exfoliative skin disorder that is associated with a high mortality rate. Its pathophysiology is similar to that of superficial burn injuries. Treatment and optimal care of these patients are best performed in Intensive Care Burn Units, with special attention to fluid resuscitation, respiratory support, early identification of sings of sepsis, and immunosuppresive therapy with cyclosporin A.

S1130862106712293

Lyell's syndrome. Specialized nursing care

Key words Toxic epidermal necrolysis Nursing care Critical care Complications Burns Blindness

Abstract Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is an exfoliative skin disorder that is associated with a high mortality rate. Its pathophysiology is similar to that of superficial burn injuries. Treatment and optimal care of these patients are best performed in Intensive Care Burn Units, with special attention to fluid resuscitation, respiratory support, early identification of sings of sepsis, and immunosuppresive therapy with cyclosporin A. Approach to the treatment of TEN is multidisciplinary, and there is a central and fundamental role of nursing care, particularly in the identification of signs of hypovolemia, respiratory failure, infection and pain. Among the specific care required by these patients is the care of mucosal surfaces, to prevent serious sequelae such as <dis>blindness</dis>. Specialized nursing care of patients with TEN contributes to an increase in the survival rate and a decrease in the incidence of complications.

Abstract Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is an exfoliative skin disorder that is associated with a high mortality rate. Its pathophysiology is similar to that of superficial burn injuries. Treatment and optimal care of these patients are best performed in Intensive Care Burn Units, with special attention to fluid resuscitation, respiratory support, early identification of sings of sepsis, and immunosuppresive therapy with cyclosporin A. Approach to the treatment of TEN is multidisciplinary, and there is a central and fundamental role of nursing care, particularly in the identification of signs of hypovolemia, respiratory failure, infection and pain. Among the specific care required by these patients is the care of mucosal surfaces, to prevent serious sequelae such as blindness. Specialized nursing care of patients with TEN contributes to an increase in the survival rate and a decrease in the incidence of complications.

Approach to the treatment of TEN is multidisciplinary, and there is a central and fundamental role of nursing care, particularly in the identification of signs of hypovolemia, respiratory failure, infection and pain. Among the specific care required by these patients is the care of mucosal surfaces, to prevent serious sequelae such as blindness. Specialized nursing care of patients with TEN contributes to an increase in the survival rate and a decrease in the incidence of complications.

S1130862106712293

Lyell's syndrome. Specialized nursing care

Key words Toxic epidermal necrolysis Nursing care Critical care Complications Burns Blindness

Abstract Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is an exfoliative skin disorder that is associated with a high mortality rate. Its pathophysiology is similar to that of superficial burn injuries. Treatment and optimal care of these patients are best performed in Intensive Care Burn Units, with special attention to fluid resuscitation, respiratory support, early identification of sings of sepsis, and immunosuppresive therapy with cyclosporin A. Approach to the treatment of TEN is multidisciplinary, and there is a central and fundamental role of nursing care, particularly in the identification of signs of hypovolemia, respiratory failure, infection and pain. Among the specific care required by these patients is the care of mucosal surfaces, to prevent serious sequelae such as <dis>blindness</dis>. Specialized nursing care of patients with TEN contributes to an increase in the survival rate and a decrease in the incidence of complications.

Abstract Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is an exfoliative skin disorder that is associated with a high mortality rate. Its pathophysiology is similar to that of superficial burn injuries. Treatment and optimal care of these patients are best performed in Intensive Care Burn Units, with special attention to fluid resuscitation, respiratory support, early identification of sings of sepsis, and immunosuppresive therapy with cyclosporin A. Approach to the treatment of TEN is multidisciplinary, and there is a central and fundamental role of nursing care, particularly in the identification of signs of hypovolemia, respiratory failure, infection and pain. Among the specific care required by these patients is the care of mucosal surfaces, to prevent serious sequelae such as blindness. Specialized nursing care of patients with TEN contributes to an increase in the survival rate and a decrease in the incidence of complications.

Abstract Introduction Poverty has been associated in some studies with poorer outcomes in mental problems and disorders. A circular relationship has been considered in which poverty fosters the appearance of mental illness and this facilitates greater poverty. There are no studies in Colombia on this subject. Objective To describe the association between mental problems and disorders and poverty according to the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in Colombia.

S0034745016000263

Poverty and Mental Disorders in the Colombian Population: National Mental Health Survey 2015

Keywords Poverty Mental health Mental disorders Substance-related disorders

Abstract Introduction Poverty has been associated in some studies with poorer outcomes in <dis>mental problems and disorders</dis>. A circular relationship has been considered in which poverty fosters the appearance of <dis>mental illness</dis> and this facilitates greater poverty. There are no studies in Colombia on this subject. Objective To describe the association between <dis>mental problems and disorders</dis> and poverty according to the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in Colombia. Material and methods Using the 2015 National Mental Health Survey, adjusted with the expansion factors for the population. The prevalences of mental problems and disorders obtained through semi-structured interviews employing the instruments SRQ-20, AUDIT C and A, modified PCL, familiar APGAR and CIDI CAPI. The poverty status was determined by the MPI. Results A total of 13,200 households were interviewed, of which 13.5% were classified as in a poverty condition, 6.3% of the adolescents of poor households reported a life-time prevalence of any <dis>mental disorder</dis>, and 4.6% in the last 12 months. On the other hand, the prevalences for the same age group not in a poverty condition were 7.2% and 3.3%, respectively. For adults in poverty, the prevalence of life-time <dis>mental disorders</dis> were 9.2%, with 4.3% in the last year, while those not considered poor showed prevalences of 9.1% and 3.9% for the same time periods. Conclusions For the population of Colombia, there is a relationship between not being able to access the basic basket of goods and the presence of <dis>mental diseases</dis>, although there does not seems to be an association between an increase in poverty and the deterioration of mental health.

Abstract Introduction Poverty has been associated in some studies with poorer outcomes in mental problems and disorders. A circular relationship has been considered in which poverty fosters the appearance of mental illness and this facilitates greater poverty. There are no studies in Colombia on this subject. Objective To describe the association between mental problems and disorders and poverty according to the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in Colombia. Material and methods Using the 2015 National Mental Health Survey, adjusted with the expansion factors for the population. The prevalences of mental problems and disorders obtained through semi-structured interviews employing the instruments SRQ-20, AUDIT C and A, modified PCL, familiar APGAR and CIDI CAPI. The poverty status was determined by the MPI. Results A total of 13,200 households were interviewed, of which 13.5% were classified as in a poverty condition, 6.3% of the adolescents of poor households reported a life-time prevalence of any mental disorder, and 4.6% in the last 12 months. On the other hand, the prevalences for the same age group not in a poverty condition were 7.2% and 3.3%, respectively. For adults in poverty, the prevalence of life-time mental disorders were 9.2%, with 4.3% in the last year, while those not considered poor showed prevalences of 9.1% and 3.9% for the same time periods. Conclusions For the population of Colombia, there is a relationship between not being able to access the basic basket of goods and the presence of mental diseases, although there does not seems to be an association between an increase in poverty and the deterioration of mental health.

Material and methods Using the 2015 National Mental Health Survey, adjusted with the expansion factors for the population. The prevalences of mental problems and disorders obtained through semi-structured interviews employing the instruments SRQ-20, AUDIT C and A, modified PCL, familiar APGAR and CIDI CAPI. The poverty status was determined by the MPI.

S0034745016000263

Poverty and Mental Disorders in the Colombian Population: National Mental Health Survey 2015

Keywords Poverty Mental health Mental disorders Substance-related disorders

Abstract Introduction Poverty has been associated in some studies with poorer outcomes in <dis>mental problems and disorders</dis>. A circular relationship has been considered in which poverty fosters the appearance of <dis>mental illness</dis> and this facilitates greater poverty. There are no studies in Colombia on this subject. Objective To describe the association between <dis>mental problems and disorders</dis> and poverty according to the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in Colombia. Material and methods Using the 2015 National Mental Health Survey, adjusted with the expansion factors for the population. The prevalences of mental problems and disorders obtained through semi-structured interviews employing the instruments SRQ-20, AUDIT C and A, modified PCL, familiar APGAR and CIDI CAPI. The poverty status was determined by the MPI. Results A total of 13,200 households were interviewed, of which 13.5% were classified as in a poverty condition, 6.3% of the adolescents of poor households reported a life-time prevalence of any <dis>mental disorder</dis>, and 4.6% in the last 12 months. On the other hand, the prevalences for the same age group not in a poverty condition were 7.2% and 3.3%, respectively. For adults in poverty, the prevalence of life-time <dis>mental disorders</dis> were 9.2%, with 4.3% in the last year, while those not considered poor showed prevalences of 9.1% and 3.9% for the same time periods. Conclusions For the population of Colombia, there is a relationship between not being able to access the basic basket of goods and the presence of <dis>mental diseases</dis>, although there does not seems to be an association between an increase in poverty and the deterioration of mental health.

Abstract Introduction Poverty has been associated in some studies with poorer outcomes in mental problems and disorders. A circular relationship has been considered in which poverty fosters the appearance of mental illness and this facilitates greater poverty. There are no studies in Colombia on this subject. Objective To describe the association between mental problems and disorders and poverty according to the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in Colombia. Material and methods Using the 2015 National Mental Health Survey, adjusted with the expansion factors for the population. The prevalences of mental problems and disorders obtained through semi-structured interviews employing the instruments SRQ-20, AUDIT C and A, modified PCL, familiar APGAR and CIDI CAPI. The poverty status was determined by the MPI. Results A total of 13,200 households were interviewed, of which 13.5% were classified as in a poverty condition, 6.3% of the adolescents of poor households reported a life-time prevalence of any mental disorder, and 4.6% in the last 12 months. On the other hand, the prevalences for the same age group not in a poverty condition were 7.2% and 3.3%, respectively. For adults in poverty, the prevalence of life-time mental disorders were 9.2%, with 4.3% in the last year, while those not considered poor showed prevalences of 9.1% and 3.9% for the same time periods. Conclusions For the population of Colombia, there is a relationship between not being able to access the basic basket of goods and the presence of mental diseases, although there does not seems to be an association between an increase in poverty and the deterioration of mental health.

Results A total of 13,200 households were interviewed, of which 13.5% were classified as in a poverty condition, 6.3% of the adolescents of poor households reported a life-time prevalence of any mental disorder, and 4.6% in the last 12 months. On the other hand, the prevalences for the same age group not in a poverty condition were 7.2% and 3.3%, respectively.

S0034745016000263

Poverty and Mental Disorders in the Colombian Population: National Mental Health Survey 2015

Keywords Poverty Mental health Mental disorders Substance-related disorders

Abstract Introduction Poverty has been associated in some studies with poorer outcomes in <dis>mental problems and disorders</dis>. A circular relationship has been considered in which poverty fosters the appearance of <dis>mental illness</dis> and this facilitates greater poverty. There are no studies in Colombia on this subject. Objective To describe the association between <dis>mental problems and disorders</dis> and poverty according to the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in Colombia. Material and methods Using the 2015 National Mental Health Survey, adjusted with the expansion factors for the population. The prevalences of mental problems and disorders obtained through semi-structured interviews employing the instruments SRQ-20, AUDIT C and A, modified PCL, familiar APGAR and CIDI CAPI. The poverty status was determined by the MPI. Results A total of 13,200 households were interviewed, of which 13.5% were classified as in a poverty condition, 6.3% of the adolescents of poor households reported a life-time prevalence of any <dis>mental disorder</dis>, and 4.6% in the last 12 months. On the other hand, the prevalences for the same age group not in a poverty condition were 7.2% and 3.3%, respectively. For adults in poverty, the prevalence of life-time <dis>mental disorders</dis> were 9.2%, with 4.3% in the last year, while those not considered poor showed prevalences of 9.1% and 3.9% for the same time periods. Conclusions For the population of Colombia, there is a relationship between not being able to access the basic basket of goods and the presence of <dis>mental diseases</dis>, although there does not seems to be an association between an increase in poverty and the deterioration of mental health.

Abstract Introduction Poverty has been associated in some studies with poorer outcomes in mental problems and disorders. A circular relationship has been considered in which poverty fosters the appearance of mental illness and this facilitates greater poverty. There are no studies in Colombia on this subject. Objective To describe the association between mental problems and disorders and poverty according to the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in Colombia. Material and methods Using the 2015 National Mental Health Survey, adjusted with the expansion factors for the population. The prevalences of mental problems and disorders obtained through semi-structured interviews employing the instruments SRQ-20, AUDIT C and A, modified PCL, familiar APGAR and CIDI CAPI. The poverty status was determined by the MPI. Results A total of 13,200 households were interviewed, of which 13.5% were classified as in a poverty condition, 6.3% of the adolescents of poor households reported a life-time prevalence of any mental disorder, and 4.6% in the last 12 months. On the other hand, the prevalences for the same age group not in a poverty condition were 7.2% and 3.3%, respectively. For adults in poverty, the prevalence of life-time mental disorders were 9.2%, with 4.3% in the last year, while those not considered poor showed prevalences of 9.1% and 3.9% for the same time periods. Conclusions For the population of Colombia, there is a relationship between not being able to access the basic basket of goods and the presence of mental diseases, although there does not seems to be an association between an increase in poverty and the deterioration of mental health.

For adults in poverty, the prevalence of life-time mental disorders were 9.2%, with 4.3% in the last year, while those not considered poor showed prevalences of 9.1% and 3.9% for the same time periods.

S0034745016000263

Poverty and Mental Disorders in the Colombian Population: National Mental Health Survey 2015

Keywords Poverty Mental health Mental disorders Substance-related disorders

Abstract Introduction Poverty has been associated in some studies with poorer outcomes in <dis>mental problems and disorders</dis>. A circular relationship has been considered in which poverty fosters the appearance of <dis>mental illness</dis> and this facilitates greater poverty. There are no studies in Colombia on this subject. Objective To describe the association between <dis>mental problems and disorders</dis> and poverty according to the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in Colombia. Material and methods Using the 2015 National Mental Health Survey, adjusted with the expansion factors for the population. The prevalences of mental problems and disorders obtained through semi-structured interviews employing the instruments SRQ-20, AUDIT C and A, modified PCL, familiar APGAR and CIDI CAPI. The poverty status was determined by the MPI. Results A total of 13,200 households were interviewed, of which 13.5% were classified as in a poverty condition, 6.3% of the adolescents of poor households reported a life-time prevalence of any <dis>mental disorder</dis>, and 4.6% in the last 12 months. On the other hand, the prevalences for the same age group not in a poverty condition were 7.2% and 3.3%, respectively. For adults in poverty, the prevalence of life-time <dis>mental disorders</dis> were 9.2%, with 4.3% in the last year, while those not considered poor showed prevalences of 9.1% and 3.9% for the same time periods. Conclusions For the population of Colombia, there is a relationship between not being able to access the basic basket of goods and the presence of <dis>mental diseases</dis>, although there does not seems to be an association between an increase in poverty and the deterioration of mental health.

Abstract Introduction Poverty has been associated in some studies with poorer outcomes in mental problems and disorders. A circular relationship has been considered in which poverty fosters the appearance of mental illness and this facilitates greater poverty. There are no studies in Colombia on this subject. Objective To describe the association between mental problems and disorders and poverty according to the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in Colombia. Material and methods Using the 2015 National Mental Health Survey, adjusted with the expansion factors for the population. The prevalences of mental problems and disorders obtained through semi-structured interviews employing the instruments SRQ-20, AUDIT C and A, modified PCL, familiar APGAR and CIDI CAPI. The poverty status was determined by the MPI. Results A total of 13,200 households were interviewed, of which 13.5% were classified as in a poverty condition, 6.3% of the adolescents of poor households reported a life-time prevalence of any mental disorder, and 4.6% in the last 12 months. On the other hand, the prevalences for the same age group not in a poverty condition were 7.2% and 3.3%, respectively. For adults in poverty, the prevalence of life-time mental disorders were 9.2%, with 4.3% in the last year, while those not considered poor showed prevalences of 9.1% and 3.9% for the same time periods. Conclusions For the population of Colombia, there is a relationship between not being able to access the basic basket of goods and the presence of mental diseases, although there does not seems to be an association between an increase in poverty and the deterioration of mental health.

Conclusions For the population of Colombia, there is a relationship between not being able to access the basic basket of goods and the presence of mental diseases, although there does not seems to be an association between an increase in poverty and the deterioration of mental health.

S0034745016000263

Poverty and Mental Disorders in the Colombian Population: National Mental Health Survey 2015

Keywords Poverty Mental health Mental disorders Substance-related disorders

Abstract Introduction Poverty has been associated in some studies with poorer outcomes in <dis>mental problems and disorders</dis>. A circular relationship has been considered in which poverty fosters the appearance of <dis>mental illness</dis> and this facilitates greater poverty. There are no studies in Colombia on this subject. Objective To describe the association between <dis>mental problems and disorders</dis> and poverty according to the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in Colombia. Material and methods Using the 2015 National Mental Health Survey, adjusted with the expansion factors for the population. The prevalences of mental problems and disorders obtained through semi-structured interviews employing the instruments SRQ-20, AUDIT C and A, modified PCL, familiar APGAR and CIDI CAPI. The poverty status was determined by the MPI. Results A total of 13,200 households were interviewed, of which 13.5% were classified as in a poverty condition, 6.3% of the adolescents of poor households reported a life-time prevalence of any <dis>mental disorder</dis>, and 4.6% in the last 12 months. On the other hand, the prevalences for the same age group not in a poverty condition were 7.2% and 3.3%, respectively. For adults in poverty, the prevalence of life-time <dis>mental disorders</dis> were 9.2%, with 4.3% in the last year, while those not considered poor showed prevalences of 9.1% and 3.9% for the same time periods. Conclusions For the population of Colombia, there is a relationship between not being able to access the basic basket of goods and the presence of <dis>mental diseases</dis>, although there does not seems to be an association between an increase in poverty and the deterioration of mental health.

Abstract Introduction Poverty has been associated in some studies with poorer outcomes in mental problems and disorders. A circular relationship has been considered in which poverty fosters the appearance of mental illness and this facilitates greater poverty. There are no studies in Colombia on this subject. Objective To describe the association between mental problems and disorders and poverty according to the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in Colombia. Material and methods Using the 2015 National Mental Health Survey, adjusted with the expansion factors for the population. The prevalences of mental problems and disorders obtained through semi-structured interviews employing the instruments SRQ-20, AUDIT C and A, modified PCL, familiar APGAR and CIDI CAPI. The poverty status was determined by the MPI. Results A total of 13,200 households were interviewed, of which 13.5% were classified as in a poverty condition, 6.3% of the adolescents of poor households reported a life-time prevalence of any mental disorder, and 4.6% in the last 12 months. On the other hand, the prevalences for the same age group not in a poverty condition were 7.2% and 3.3%, respectively. For adults in poverty, the prevalence of life-time mental disorders were 9.2%, with 4.3% in the last year, while those not considered poor showed prevalences of 9.1% and 3.9% for the same time periods. Conclusions For the population of Colombia, there is a relationship between not being able to access the basic basket of goods and the presence of mental diseases, although there does not seems to be an association between an increase in poverty and the deterioration of mental health.

Abstract Cases of metabolic alkalosis are divided into susceptible or resistant to treatment with sodium chloride, depending on the response to it. The resistant cases present with high urinary excretion of chloride, and are secondary to tubular disease or use of diuretics. Included among the sensitive cases are, vomiting, cystic fibrosis and low intake. Two infants were fed with “almond milk” and showed clinical symptoms of dehydration and failure to thrive.

S1695403308001161

Infant metabolic alkalosis of dietetic origin

Keywords Almond milk Hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis Hypokalaemia Hypothyroidism Optic neuritis

Abstract Cases of metabolic alkalosis are divided into susceptible or resistant to treatment with sodium chloride, depending on the response to it. The resistant cases present with high urinary excretion of chloride, and are secondary to tubular disease or use of diuretics. Included among the sensitive cases are, vomiting, cystic fibrosis and low intake. Two infants were fed with “almond milk” and showed clinical symptoms of dehydration and failure to thrive. Hypochloraemic and hypokalaemic metabolic alkasosis was seen in both cases, which responded satisfactorily to water and electrolyte replacement. After ruling out vomiting, ingestion of drugs, tubular disease, and cystic fibrosis, the diagnosis was low intake, due to poor contribution of Na+ and Cl− provided by the “almond milk”. This deficit induces an increase in proximal tubular reabsorption of H−CO3 and in parts of the distal nephron, an increase in reabsorption of Na+ and Cl− which are exchanged with K+ and H+, which can give rise to a hypochloraemic alkalosis and hypokalaemia. Secondary hypothyroidism was found in one case, apparently due to the lack of iodine in the almond milk, and disorders of the myelination characterized by optic neuritis and <dis>hearing loss</dis>. These disorders were resolved when feeding with human formula was established.

Abstract Cases of metabolic alkalosis are divided into susceptible or resistant to treatment with sodium chloride, depending on the response to it. The resistant cases present with high urinary excretion of chloride, and are secondary to tubular disease or use of diuretics. Included among the sensitive cases are, vomiting, cystic fibrosis and low intake. Two infants were fed with “almond milk” and showed clinical symptoms of dehydration and failure to thrive. Hypochloraemic and hypokalaemic metabolic alkasosis was seen in both cases, which responded satisfactorily to water and electrolyte replacement. After ruling out vomiting, ingestion of drugs, tubular disease, and cystic fibrosis, the diagnosis was low intake, due to poor contribution of Na+ and Cl− provided by the “almond milk”. This deficit induces an increase in proximal tubular reabsorption of H−CO3 and in parts of the distal nephron, an increase in reabsorption of Na+ and Cl− which are exchanged with K+ and H+, which can give rise to a hypochloraemic alkalosis and hypokalaemia. Secondary hypothyroidism was found in one case, apparently due to the lack of iodine in the almond milk, and disorders of the myelination characterized by optic neuritis and hearing loss. These disorders were resolved when feeding with human formula was established.

Hypochloraemic and hypokalaemic metabolic alkasosis was seen in both cases, which responded satisfactorily to water and electrolyte replacement. After ruling out vomiting, ingestion of drugs, tubular disease, and cystic fibrosis, the diagnosis was low intake, due to poor contribution of Na+ and Cl− provided by the “almond milk”.

S1695403308001161

Infant metabolic alkalosis of dietetic origin

Keywords Almond milk Hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis Hypokalaemia Hypothyroidism Optic neuritis

Abstract Cases of metabolic alkalosis are divided into susceptible or resistant to treatment with sodium chloride, depending on the response to it. The resistant cases present with high urinary excretion of chloride, and are secondary to tubular disease or use of diuretics. Included among the sensitive cases are, vomiting, cystic fibrosis and low intake. Two infants were fed with “almond milk” and showed clinical symptoms of dehydration and failure to thrive. Hypochloraemic and hypokalaemic metabolic alkasosis was seen in both cases, which responded satisfactorily to water and electrolyte replacement. After ruling out vomiting, ingestion of drugs, tubular disease, and cystic fibrosis, the diagnosis was low intake, due to poor contribution of Na+ and Cl− provided by the “almond milk”. This deficit induces an increase in proximal tubular reabsorption of H−CO3 and in parts of the distal nephron, an increase in reabsorption of Na+ and Cl− which are exchanged with K+ and H+, which can give rise to a hypochloraemic alkalosis and hypokalaemia. Secondary hypothyroidism was found in one case, apparently due to the lack of iodine in the almond milk, and disorders of the myelination characterized by optic neuritis and <dis>hearing loss</dis>. These disorders were resolved when feeding with human formula was established.

Abstract Cases of metabolic alkalosis are divided into susceptible or resistant to treatment with sodium chloride, depending on the response to it. The resistant cases present with high urinary excretion of chloride, and are secondary to tubular disease or use of diuretics. Included among the sensitive cases are, vomiting, cystic fibrosis and low intake. Two infants were fed with “almond milk” and showed clinical symptoms of dehydration and failure to thrive. Hypochloraemic and hypokalaemic metabolic alkasosis was seen in both cases, which responded satisfactorily to water and electrolyte replacement. After ruling out vomiting, ingestion of drugs, tubular disease, and cystic fibrosis, the diagnosis was low intake, due to poor contribution of Na+ and Cl− provided by the “almond milk”. This deficit induces an increase in proximal tubular reabsorption of H−CO3 and in parts of the distal nephron, an increase in reabsorption of Na+ and Cl− which are exchanged with K+ and H+, which can give rise to a hypochloraemic alkalosis and hypokalaemia. Secondary hypothyroidism was found in one case, apparently due to the lack of iodine in the almond milk, and disorders of the myelination characterized by optic neuritis and hearing loss. These disorders were resolved when feeding with human formula was established.

This deficit induces an increase in proximal tubular reabsorption of H−CO3 and in parts of the distal nephron, an increase in reabsorption of Na+ and Cl− which are exchanged with K+ and H+, which can give rise to a hypochloraemic alkalosis and hypokalaemia.

S1695403308001161

Infant metabolic alkalosis of dietetic origin

Keywords Almond milk Hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis Hypokalaemia Hypothyroidism Optic neuritis

Abstract Cases of metabolic alkalosis are divided into susceptible or resistant to treatment with sodium chloride, depending on the response to it. The resistant cases present with high urinary excretion of chloride, and are secondary to tubular disease or use of diuretics. Included among the sensitive cases are, vomiting, cystic fibrosis and low intake. Two infants were fed with “almond milk” and showed clinical symptoms of dehydration and failure to thrive. Hypochloraemic and hypokalaemic metabolic alkasosis was seen in both cases, which responded satisfactorily to water and electrolyte replacement. After ruling out vomiting, ingestion of drugs, tubular disease, and cystic fibrosis, the diagnosis was low intake, due to poor contribution of Na+ and Cl− provided by the “almond milk”. This deficit induces an increase in proximal tubular reabsorption of H−CO3 and in parts of the distal nephron, an increase in reabsorption of Na+ and Cl− which are exchanged with K+ and H+, which can give rise to a hypochloraemic alkalosis and hypokalaemia. Secondary hypothyroidism was found in one case, apparently due to the lack of iodine in the almond milk, and disorders of the myelination characterized by optic neuritis and <dis>hearing loss</dis>. These disorders were resolved when feeding with human formula was established.

Abstract Cases of metabolic alkalosis are divided into susceptible or resistant to treatment with sodium chloride, depending on the response to it. The resistant cases present with high urinary excretion of chloride, and are secondary to tubular disease or use of diuretics. Included among the sensitive cases are, vomiting, cystic fibrosis and low intake. Two infants were fed with “almond milk” and showed clinical symptoms of dehydration and failure to thrive. Hypochloraemic and hypokalaemic metabolic alkasosis was seen in both cases, which responded satisfactorily to water and electrolyte replacement. After ruling out vomiting, ingestion of drugs, tubular disease, and cystic fibrosis, the diagnosis was low intake, due to poor contribution of Na+ and Cl− provided by the “almond milk”. This deficit induces an increase in proximal tubular reabsorption of H−CO3 and in parts of the distal nephron, an increase in reabsorption of Na+ and Cl− which are exchanged with K+ and H+, which can give rise to a hypochloraemic alkalosis and hypokalaemia. Secondary hypothyroidism was found in one case, apparently due to the lack of iodine in the almond milk, and disorders of the myelination characterized by optic neuritis and hearing loss. These disorders were resolved when feeding with human formula was established.

Secondary hypothyroidism was found in one case, apparently due to the lack of iodine in the almond milk, and disorders of the myelination characterized by optic neuritis and hearing loss. These disorders were resolved when feeding with human formula was established.

S1695403308001161

Infant metabolic alkalosis of dietetic origin

Keywords Almond milk Hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis Hypokalaemia Hypothyroidism Optic neuritis

Abstract Cases of metabolic alkalosis are divided into susceptible or resistant to treatment with sodium chloride, depending on the response to it. The resistant cases present with high urinary excretion of chloride, and are secondary to tubular disease or use of diuretics. Included among the sensitive cases are, vomiting, cystic fibrosis and low intake. Two infants were fed with “almond milk” and showed clinical symptoms of dehydration and failure to thrive. Hypochloraemic and hypokalaemic metabolic alkasosis was seen in both cases, which responded satisfactorily to water and electrolyte replacement. After ruling out vomiting, ingestion of drugs, tubular disease, and cystic fibrosis, the diagnosis was low intake, due to poor contribution of Na+ and Cl− provided by the “almond milk”. This deficit induces an increase in proximal tubular reabsorption of H−CO3 and in parts of the distal nephron, an increase in reabsorption of Na+ and Cl− which are exchanged with K+ and H+, which can give rise to a hypochloraemic alkalosis and hypokalaemia. Secondary hypothyroidism was found in one case, apparently due to the lack of iodine in the almond milk, and disorders of the myelination characterized by optic neuritis and <dis>hearing loss</dis>. These disorders were resolved when feeding with human formula was established.

Abstract Cases of metabolic alkalosis are divided into susceptible or resistant to treatment with sodium chloride, depending on the response to it. The resistant cases present with high urinary excretion of chloride, and are secondary to tubular disease or use of diuretics. Included among the sensitive cases are, vomiting, cystic fibrosis and low intake. Two infants were fed with “almond milk” and showed clinical symptoms of dehydration and failure to thrive. Hypochloraemic and hypokalaemic metabolic alkasosis was seen in both cases, which responded satisfactorily to water and electrolyte replacement. After ruling out vomiting, ingestion of drugs, tubular disease, and cystic fibrosis, the diagnosis was low intake, due to poor contribution of Na+ and Cl− provided by the “almond milk”. This deficit induces an increase in proximal tubular reabsorption of H−CO3 and in parts of the distal nephron, an increase in reabsorption of Na+ and Cl− which are exchanged with K+ and H+, which can give rise to a hypochloraemic alkalosis and hypokalaemia. Secondary hypothyroidism was found in one case, apparently due to the lack of iodine in the almond milk, and disorders of the myelination characterized by optic neuritis and hearing loss. These disorders were resolved when feeding with human formula was established.

Objectives To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients with epilepsy from a reference centre in Colombia. Methods Cross-sectional study including patients diagnosed with epilepsy who attended our epilepsy centre (Neurocentro) between 2013 and 2016. Data were gathered from patients’ medical histories. Results We gathered data from a total of 354 patients diagnosed with epilepsy. Median age was 37 years; 52% were men.

S0213485317301512

Clinical and sociodemographic profile of epilepsy in adults from a reference centre in Colombia

Keywords Epilepsy Colombia Observational study Drug-resistant epilepsy Epidemiology Antiepileptic drugs

Objectives To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients with epilepsy from a reference centre in Colombia. Methods Cross-sectional study including patients diagnosed with epilepsy who attended our epilepsy centre (Neurocentro) between 2013 and 2016. Data were gathered from patients’ medical histories. Results We gathered data from a total of 354 patients diagnosed with epilepsy. Median age was 37 years; 52% were men. Seizures were focal in 57% of the patients and generalised in 38%; seizure type was not determined in 6% of the sample. The most frequent aetiology was cryptogenic (21%), followed by traumatic (14%). Median time of disease progression and age at onset were 23 and 11 years, respectively. Psychiatric comorbidities were found in 18% of the patients and 40% had some degree of <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>. Around 40% of our sample reported adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs at some point during treatment. Antiepileptic drugs were administered in monotherapy in 36% of the patients. Around 37% had drug-resistant epilepsy and 14% underwent surgery. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidities, <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>, adverse drug reactions, and drug-resistant epilepsy are common among epileptic patients in Colombia. Knowledge of the factors with an impact on epilepsy may lay the foundations for improving management of these patients on the administrative level and improving quality of life.

Objectives To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients with epilepsy from a reference centre in Colombia. Methods Cross-sectional study including patients diagnosed with epilepsy who attended our epilepsy centre (Neurocentro) between 2013 and 2016. Data were gathered from patients’ medical histories. Results We gathered data from a total of 354 patients diagnosed with epilepsy. Median age was 37 years; 52% were men. Seizures were focal in 57% of the patients and generalised in 38%; seizure type was not determined in 6% of the sample. The most frequent aetiology was cryptogenic (21%), followed by traumatic (14%). Median time of disease progression and age at onset were 23 and 11 years, respectively. Psychiatric comorbidities were found in 18% of the patients and 40% had some degree of cognitive impairment. Around 40% of our sample reported adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs at some point during treatment. Antiepileptic drugs were administered in monotherapy in 36% of the patients. Around 37% had drug-resistant epilepsy and 14% underwent surgery. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidities, cognitive impairment, adverse drug reactions, and drug-resistant epilepsy are common among epileptic patients in Colombia. Knowledge of the factors with an impact on epilepsy may lay the foundations for improving management of these patients on the administrative level and improving quality of life.

Seizures were focal in 57% of the patients and generalised in 38%; seizure type was not determined in 6% of the sample. The most frequent aetiology was cryptogenic (21%), followed by traumatic (14%). Median time of disease progression and age at onset were 23 and 11 years, respectively. Psychiatric comorbidities were found in 18% of the patients and 40% had some degree of cognitive impairment.

S0213485317301512

Clinical and sociodemographic profile of epilepsy in adults from a reference centre in Colombia

Keywords Epilepsy Colombia Observational study Drug-resistant epilepsy Epidemiology Antiepileptic drugs

Objectives To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients with epilepsy from a reference centre in Colombia. Methods Cross-sectional study including patients diagnosed with epilepsy who attended our epilepsy centre (Neurocentro) between 2013 and 2016. Data were gathered from patients’ medical histories. Results We gathered data from a total of 354 patients diagnosed with epilepsy. Median age was 37 years; 52% were men. Seizures were focal in 57% of the patients and generalised in 38%; seizure type was not determined in 6% of the sample. The most frequent aetiology was cryptogenic (21%), followed by traumatic (14%). Median time of disease progression and age at onset were 23 and 11 years, respectively. Psychiatric comorbidities were found in 18% of the patients and 40% had some degree of <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>. Around 40% of our sample reported adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs at some point during treatment. Antiepileptic drugs were administered in monotherapy in 36% of the patients. Around 37% had drug-resistant epilepsy and 14% underwent surgery. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidities, <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>, adverse drug reactions, and drug-resistant epilepsy are common among epileptic patients in Colombia. Knowledge of the factors with an impact on epilepsy may lay the foundations for improving management of these patients on the administrative level and improving quality of life.

Objectives To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients with epilepsy from a reference centre in Colombia. Methods Cross-sectional study including patients diagnosed with epilepsy who attended our epilepsy centre (Neurocentro) between 2013 and 2016. Data were gathered from patients’ medical histories. Results We gathered data from a total of 354 patients diagnosed with epilepsy. Median age was 37 years; 52% were men. Seizures were focal in 57% of the patients and generalised in 38%; seizure type was not determined in 6% of the sample. The most frequent aetiology was cryptogenic (21%), followed by traumatic (14%). Median time of disease progression and age at onset were 23 and 11 years, respectively. Psychiatric comorbidities were found in 18% of the patients and 40% had some degree of cognitive impairment. Around 40% of our sample reported adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs at some point during treatment. Antiepileptic drugs were administered in monotherapy in 36% of the patients. Around 37% had drug-resistant epilepsy and 14% underwent surgery. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidities, cognitive impairment, adverse drug reactions, and drug-resistant epilepsy are common among epileptic patients in Colombia. Knowledge of the factors with an impact on epilepsy may lay the foundations for improving management of these patients on the administrative level and improving quality of life.

Around 40% of our sample reported adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs at some point during treatment. Antiepileptic drugs were administered in monotherapy in 36% of the patients. Around 37% had drug-resistant epilepsy and 14% underwent surgery.

S0213485317301512

Clinical and sociodemographic profile of epilepsy in adults from a reference centre in Colombia

Keywords Epilepsy Colombia Observational study Drug-resistant epilepsy Epidemiology Antiepileptic drugs

Objectives To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients with epilepsy from a reference centre in Colombia. Methods Cross-sectional study including patients diagnosed with epilepsy who attended our epilepsy centre (Neurocentro) between 2013 and 2016. Data were gathered from patients’ medical histories. Results We gathered data from a total of 354 patients diagnosed with epilepsy. Median age was 37 years; 52% were men. Seizures were focal in 57% of the patients and generalised in 38%; seizure type was not determined in 6% of the sample. The most frequent aetiology was cryptogenic (21%), followed by traumatic (14%). Median time of disease progression and age at onset were 23 and 11 years, respectively. Psychiatric comorbidities were found in 18% of the patients and 40% had some degree of <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>. Around 40% of our sample reported adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs at some point during treatment. Antiepileptic drugs were administered in monotherapy in 36% of the patients. Around 37% had drug-resistant epilepsy and 14% underwent surgery. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidities, <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>, adverse drug reactions, and drug-resistant epilepsy are common among epileptic patients in Colombia. Knowledge of the factors with an impact on epilepsy may lay the foundations for improving management of these patients on the administrative level and improving quality of life.

Objectives To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients with epilepsy from a reference centre in Colombia. Methods Cross-sectional study including patients diagnosed with epilepsy who attended our epilepsy centre (Neurocentro) between 2013 and 2016. Data were gathered from patients’ medical histories. Results We gathered data from a total of 354 patients diagnosed with epilepsy. Median age was 37 years; 52% were men. Seizures were focal in 57% of the patients and generalised in 38%; seizure type was not determined in 6% of the sample. The most frequent aetiology was cryptogenic (21%), followed by traumatic (14%). Median time of disease progression and age at onset were 23 and 11 years, respectively. Psychiatric comorbidities were found in 18% of the patients and 40% had some degree of cognitive impairment. Around 40% of our sample reported adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs at some point during treatment. Antiepileptic drugs were administered in monotherapy in 36% of the patients. Around 37% had drug-resistant epilepsy and 14% underwent surgery. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidities, cognitive impairment, adverse drug reactions, and drug-resistant epilepsy are common among epileptic patients in Colombia. Knowledge of the factors with an impact on epilepsy may lay the foundations for improving management of these patients on the administrative level and improving quality of life.

Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidities, cognitive impairment, adverse drug reactions, and drug-resistant epilepsy are common among epileptic patients in Colombia. Knowledge of the factors with an impact on epilepsy may lay the foundations for improving management of these patients on the administrative level and improving quality of life.

S0213485317301512

Clinical and sociodemographic profile of epilepsy in adults from a reference centre in Colombia

Keywords Epilepsy Colombia Observational study Drug-resistant epilepsy Epidemiology Antiepileptic drugs

Objectives To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients with epilepsy from a reference centre in Colombia. Methods Cross-sectional study including patients diagnosed with epilepsy who attended our epilepsy centre (Neurocentro) between 2013 and 2016. Data were gathered from patients’ medical histories. Results We gathered data from a total of 354 patients diagnosed with epilepsy. Median age was 37 years; 52% were men. Seizures were focal in 57% of the patients and generalised in 38%; seizure type was not determined in 6% of the sample. The most frequent aetiology was cryptogenic (21%), followed by traumatic (14%). Median time of disease progression and age at onset were 23 and 11 years, respectively. Psychiatric comorbidities were found in 18% of the patients and 40% had some degree of <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>. Around 40% of our sample reported adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs at some point during treatment. Antiepileptic drugs were administered in monotherapy in 36% of the patients. Around 37% had drug-resistant epilepsy and 14% underwent surgery. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidities, <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>, adverse drug reactions, and drug-resistant epilepsy are common among epileptic patients in Colombia. Knowledge of the factors with an impact on epilepsy may lay the foundations for improving management of these patients on the administrative level and improving quality of life.

Objectives To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients with epilepsy from a reference centre in Colombia. Methods Cross-sectional study including patients diagnosed with epilepsy who attended our epilepsy centre (Neurocentro) between 2013 and 2016. Data were gathered from patients’ medical histories. Results We gathered data from a total of 354 patients diagnosed with epilepsy. Median age was 37 years; 52% were men. Seizures were focal in 57% of the patients and generalised in 38%; seizure type was not determined in 6% of the sample. The most frequent aetiology was cryptogenic (21%), followed by traumatic (14%). Median time of disease progression and age at onset were 23 and 11 years, respectively. Psychiatric comorbidities were found in 18% of the patients and 40% had some degree of cognitive impairment. Around 40% of our sample reported adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs at some point during treatment. Antiepileptic drugs were administered in monotherapy in 36% of the patients. Around 37% had drug-resistant epilepsy and 14% underwent surgery. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidities, cognitive impairment, adverse drug reactions, and drug-resistant epilepsy are common among epileptic patients in Colombia. Knowledge of the factors with an impact on epilepsy may lay the foundations for improving management of these patients on the administrative level and improving quality of life.

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is considered a risk factor for sensorineural sudden deafness. Its pathogenesis remains unknown. However, the physiopathological implication of a hyperviscosity syndrom in diabetics and patients bearing of sudden deafness can mean the nexus between the two entities.

S0001651902783040

Sensorineural sudden deafness, blood viscosity syndrom and diabetes mellitus

Key words Sudden deafness Sensorineural hearing loss Diabetes mellitus Blood viscosity

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is considered a risk factor for <dis>sensorineural sudden deafness</dis>. Its pathogenesis remains unknown. However, the physiopathological implication of a hyperviscosity syndrom in diabetics and patients bearing of <dis>sudden deafness</dis> can mean the nexus between the two entities. Total blood viscosity and erythrocyte adhesion were haemorheological parameters significatively higher in blood of diabetics with <dis>sudden deafness</dis> than in normal hearing controls. Moreover, erythrocyte filterability and deformability were lower in diabetics, but it was not statistically significative. These findings help to guide therapy in these patients towards specific measures to improve blood viscoelastic properties.

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is considered a risk factor for sensorineural sudden deafness. Its pathogenesis remains unknown. However, the physiopathological implication of a hyperviscosity syndrom in diabetics and patients bearing of sudden deafness can mean the nexus between the two entities. Total blood viscosity and erythrocyte adhesion were haemorheological parameters significatively higher in blood of diabetics with sudden deafness than in normal hearing controls. Moreover, erythrocyte filterability and deformability were lower in diabetics, but it was not statistically significative. These findings help to guide therapy in these patients towards specific measures to improve blood viscoelastic properties.

Total blood viscosity and erythrocyte adhesion were haemorheological parameters significatively higher in blood of diabetics with sudden deafness than in normal hearing controls. Moreover, erythrocyte filterability and deformability were lower in diabetics, but it was not statistically significative. These findings help to guide therapy in these patients towards specific measures to improve blood viscoelastic properties.

S0001651902783040

Sensorineural sudden deafness, blood viscosity syndrom and diabetes mellitus

Key words Sudden deafness Sensorineural hearing loss Diabetes mellitus Blood viscosity

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is considered a risk factor for <dis>sensorineural sudden deafness</dis>. Its pathogenesis remains unknown. However, the physiopathological implication of a hyperviscosity syndrom in diabetics and patients bearing of <dis>sudden deafness</dis> can mean the nexus between the two entities. Total blood viscosity and erythrocyte adhesion were haemorheological parameters significatively higher in blood of diabetics with <dis>sudden deafness</dis> than in normal hearing controls. Moreover, erythrocyte filterability and deformability were lower in diabetics, but it was not statistically significative. These findings help to guide therapy in these patients towards specific measures to improve blood viscoelastic properties.

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is considered a risk factor for sensorineural sudden deafness. Its pathogenesis remains unknown. However, the physiopathological implication of a hyperviscosity syndrom in diabetics and patients bearing of sudden deafness can mean the nexus between the two entities. Total blood viscosity and erythrocyte adhesion were haemorheological parameters significatively higher in blood of diabetics with sudden deafness than in normal hearing controls. Moreover, erythrocyte filterability and deformability were lower in diabetics, but it was not statistically significative. These findings help to guide therapy in these patients towards specific measures to improve blood viscoelastic properties.

Primary varicella-zoster infection is very common during childhood and few patients develop complications. The most frequent complications are bacterial infection of the lesions, laryngitis and varicella pneumonia. In the nervous system it can produce encephalitis and especially cerebellitis.

S1695403301777028

Primary varicella-zoster induced rhabdomyolysis

Key words Rhabdomyolysis Varicella Childhood

Primary varicella-zoster infection is very common during childhood and few patients develop complications. The most frequent complications are bacterial infection of the lesions, laryngitis and varicella pneumonia. In the nervous system it can produce encephalitis and especially cerebellitis. We describe a case of primary varicella-zoster induced rhabdomyolysis in a 5-year-old girl with <dis>mental retardation</dis>, microcephalia and mild diplegia who, in the context of varicella infection, presented extreme muscular weakness and prostration. Blood and urine tests showed high creatine phosphokinase concentrations and myoglobinuria. The patient received aggressive intravenous hydration. Evolution was favorable with no renal failure. Rhabdomyolysis can produce life-threatening complications such as renal failure, intravascular disseminated coagulation and hyperkaliemia. The disease can be precipitated by alcohol ingestion, compression injury and generalized seizures. Infectious etiology is less common. Few reports have been published on primary varicella- zoster induced rhabdomyolysis but, because creatine phosphokinase concentrations are not routinely performed in varicella infection, very mild cases might have been under- diagnosed. Despite its rarity, this disease should be considered in cases of infection, since early treatment with hyperhydration can prevent complications.

Primary varicella-zoster infection is very common during childhood and few patients develop complications. The most frequent complications are bacterial infection of the lesions, laryngitis and varicella pneumonia. In the nervous system it can produce encephalitis and especially cerebellitis. We describe a case of primary varicella-zoster induced rhabdomyolysis in a 5-year-old girl with mental retardation, microcephalia and mild diplegia who, in the context of varicella infection, presented extreme muscular weakness and prostration. Blood and urine tests showed high creatine phosphokinase concentrations and myoglobinuria. The patient received aggressive intravenous hydration. Evolution was favorable with no renal failure. Rhabdomyolysis can produce life-threatening complications such as renal failure, intravascular disseminated coagulation and hyperkaliemia. The disease can be precipitated by alcohol ingestion, compression injury and generalized seizures. Infectious etiology is less common. Few reports have been published on primary varicella- zoster induced rhabdomyolysis but, because creatine phosphokinase concentrations are not routinely performed in varicella infection, very mild cases might have been under- diagnosed. Despite its rarity, this disease should be considered in cases of infection, since early treatment with hyperhydration can prevent complications.

We describe a case of primary varicella-zoster induced rhabdomyolysis in a 5-year-old girl with mental retardation, microcephalia and mild diplegia who, in the context of varicella infection, presented extreme muscular weakness and prostration. Blood and urine tests showed high creatine phosphokinase concentrations and myoglobinuria. The patient received aggressive intravenous hydration. Evolution was favorable with no renal failure.

S1695403301777028

Primary varicella-zoster induced rhabdomyolysis

Key words Rhabdomyolysis Varicella Childhood

Primary varicella-zoster infection is very common during childhood and few patients develop complications. The most frequent complications are bacterial infection of the lesions, laryngitis and varicella pneumonia. In the nervous system it can produce encephalitis and especially cerebellitis. We describe a case of primary varicella-zoster induced rhabdomyolysis in a 5-year-old girl with <dis>mental retardation</dis>, microcephalia and mild diplegia who, in the context of varicella infection, presented extreme muscular weakness and prostration. Blood and urine tests showed high creatine phosphokinase concentrations and myoglobinuria. The patient received aggressive intravenous hydration. Evolution was favorable with no renal failure. Rhabdomyolysis can produce life-threatening complications such as renal failure, intravascular disseminated coagulation and hyperkaliemia. The disease can be precipitated by alcohol ingestion, compression injury and generalized seizures. Infectious etiology is less common. Few reports have been published on primary varicella- zoster induced rhabdomyolysis but, because creatine phosphokinase concentrations are not routinely performed in varicella infection, very mild cases might have been under- diagnosed. Despite its rarity, this disease should be considered in cases of infection, since early treatment with hyperhydration can prevent complications.

Primary varicella-zoster infection is very common during childhood and few patients develop complications. The most frequent complications are bacterial infection of the lesions, laryngitis and varicella pneumonia. In the nervous system it can produce encephalitis and especially cerebellitis. We describe a case of primary varicella-zoster induced rhabdomyolysis in a 5-year-old girl with mental retardation, microcephalia and mild diplegia who, in the context of varicella infection, presented extreme muscular weakness and prostration. Blood and urine tests showed high creatine phosphokinase concentrations and myoglobinuria. The patient received aggressive intravenous hydration. Evolution was favorable with no renal failure. Rhabdomyolysis can produce life-threatening complications such as renal failure, intravascular disseminated coagulation and hyperkaliemia. The disease can be precipitated by alcohol ingestion, compression injury and generalized seizures. Infectious etiology is less common. Few reports have been published on primary varicella- zoster induced rhabdomyolysis but, because creatine phosphokinase concentrations are not routinely performed in varicella infection, very mild cases might have been under- diagnosed. Despite its rarity, this disease should be considered in cases of infection, since early treatment with hyperhydration can prevent complications.

Rhabdomyolysis can produce life-threatening complications such as renal failure, intravascular disseminated coagulation and hyperkaliemia. The disease can be precipitated by alcohol ingestion, compression injury and generalized seizures. Infectious etiology is less common. Few reports have been published on primary varicella- zoster induced rhabdomyolysis but, because creatine phosphokinase concentrations are not routinely performed in varicella infection, very mild cases might have been under- diagnosed.

S1695403301777028

Primary varicella-zoster induced rhabdomyolysis

Key words Rhabdomyolysis Varicella Childhood

Primary varicella-zoster infection is very common during childhood and few patients develop complications. The most frequent complications are bacterial infection of the lesions, laryngitis and varicella pneumonia. In the nervous system it can produce encephalitis and especially cerebellitis. We describe a case of primary varicella-zoster induced rhabdomyolysis in a 5-year-old girl with <dis>mental retardation</dis>, microcephalia and mild diplegia who, in the context of varicella infection, presented extreme muscular weakness and prostration. Blood and urine tests showed high creatine phosphokinase concentrations and myoglobinuria. The patient received aggressive intravenous hydration. Evolution was favorable with no renal failure. Rhabdomyolysis can produce life-threatening complications such as renal failure, intravascular disseminated coagulation and hyperkaliemia. The disease can be precipitated by alcohol ingestion, compression injury and generalized seizures. Infectious etiology is less common. Few reports have been published on primary varicella- zoster induced rhabdomyolysis but, because creatine phosphokinase concentrations are not routinely performed in varicella infection, very mild cases might have been under- diagnosed. Despite its rarity, this disease should be considered in cases of infection, since early treatment with hyperhydration can prevent complications.

Primary varicella-zoster infection is very common during childhood and few patients develop complications. The most frequent complications are bacterial infection of the lesions, laryngitis and varicella pneumonia. In the nervous system it can produce encephalitis and especially cerebellitis. We describe a case of primary varicella-zoster induced rhabdomyolysis in a 5-year-old girl with mental retardation, microcephalia and mild diplegia who, in the context of varicella infection, presented extreme muscular weakness and prostration. Blood and urine tests showed high creatine phosphokinase concentrations and myoglobinuria. The patient received aggressive intravenous hydration. Evolution was favorable with no renal failure. Rhabdomyolysis can produce life-threatening complications such as renal failure, intravascular disseminated coagulation and hyperkaliemia. The disease can be precipitated by alcohol ingestion, compression injury and generalized seizures. Infectious etiology is less common. Few reports have been published on primary varicella- zoster induced rhabdomyolysis but, because creatine phosphokinase concentrations are not routinely performed in varicella infection, very mild cases might have been under- diagnosed. Despite its rarity, this disease should be considered in cases of infection, since early treatment with hyperhydration can prevent complications.

Despite its rarity, this disease should be considered in cases of infection, since early treatment with hyperhydration can prevent complications.

S1695403301777028

Primary varicella-zoster induced rhabdomyolysis

Key words Rhabdomyolysis Varicella Childhood

Primary varicella-zoster infection is very common during childhood and few patients develop complications. The most frequent complications are bacterial infection of the lesions, laryngitis and varicella pneumonia. In the nervous system it can produce encephalitis and especially cerebellitis. We describe a case of primary varicella-zoster induced rhabdomyolysis in a 5-year-old girl with <dis>mental retardation</dis>, microcephalia and mild diplegia who, in the context of varicella infection, presented extreme muscular weakness and prostration. Blood and urine tests showed high creatine phosphokinase concentrations and myoglobinuria. The patient received aggressive intravenous hydration. Evolution was favorable with no renal failure. Rhabdomyolysis can produce life-threatening complications such as renal failure, intravascular disseminated coagulation and hyperkaliemia. The disease can be precipitated by alcohol ingestion, compression injury and generalized seizures. Infectious etiology is less common. Few reports have been published on primary varicella- zoster induced rhabdomyolysis but, because creatine phosphokinase concentrations are not routinely performed in varicella infection, very mild cases might have been under- diagnosed. Despite its rarity, this disease should be considered in cases of infection, since early treatment with hyperhydration can prevent complications.

Primary varicella-zoster infection is very common during childhood and few patients develop complications. The most frequent complications are bacterial infection of the lesions, laryngitis and varicella pneumonia. In the nervous system it can produce encephalitis and especially cerebellitis. We describe a case of primary varicella-zoster induced rhabdomyolysis in a 5-year-old girl with mental retardation, microcephalia and mild diplegia who, in the context of varicella infection, presented extreme muscular weakness and prostration. Blood and urine tests showed high creatine phosphokinase concentrations and myoglobinuria. The patient received aggressive intravenous hydration. Evolution was favorable with no renal failure. Rhabdomyolysis can produce life-threatening complications such as renal failure, intravascular disseminated coagulation and hyperkaliemia. The disease can be precipitated by alcohol ingestion, compression injury and generalized seizures. Infectious etiology is less common. Few reports have been published on primary varicella- zoster induced rhabdomyolysis but, because creatine phosphokinase concentrations are not routinely performed in varicella infection, very mild cases might have been under- diagnosed. Despite its rarity, this disease should be considered in cases of infection, since early treatment with hyperhydration can prevent complications.

Introduction. Suicide is a major public health problem worldwide, and an approach is necessary due to its high potential for prevention. This paper examines the main characteristics of people admitted to hospitals in the Community of Madrid (Spain) with suicidal behaviour, and the factors associated with their hospital mortality. Material and methods.

S1888989116300015

Suicidal behaviour characteristics and factors associated with mortality in the hospital setting

Keywords Attempted suicide Hospital mortality Data base Comorbidity Abbreviated Injury Scale

Introduction. Suicide is a major public health problem worldwide, and an approach is necessary due to its high potential for prevention. This paper examines the main characteristics of people admitted to hospitals in the Community of Madrid (Spain) with suicidal behaviour, and the factors associated with their hospital mortality. Material and methods. A study was conducted on patients with E950-E959 codes of suicide and self-inflicted injuries of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, contained in any diagnostic field of the minimum basic data set at hospital discharge between 2003 and 2013. Sociodemographic, clinical and health care variables were assessed by uni- and multivariate logistic regression analysis in the evaluation of factors associated with hospital mortality. Results. Hospital suicidal behaviour predominates in women (58.7%) and in middle-age. Hospital mortality is 2.2% (1.6% in women and 3.2% in men), increasing with age. <dis>Mental disorders</dis> are detected 3-4 times more in secondary diagnoses. The main primary diagnosis (>74%) is poisoning with substances, with lower mortality (∼1%) than injury by hanging and jumping from high places (≥12%), which have the highest numbers. Other factors associated with increased mortality include different medical comorbidities and severity of the injury, while length of stay and <dis>mental disorders</dis> are protective factors. Type of hospital, poisoning, and Charlson index are associated differently with mortality in men and women. Conclusions. Hospitalised suicidal acts show a low mortality, mainly related to comorbidities and the severity of injuries.

Introduction. Suicide is a major public health problem worldwide, and an approach is necessary due to its high potential for prevention. This paper examines the main characteristics of people admitted to hospitals in the Community of Madrid (Spain) with suicidal behaviour, and the factors associated with their hospital mortality. Material and methods. A study was conducted on patients with E950-E959 codes of suicide and self-inflicted injuries of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, contained in any diagnostic field of the minimum basic data set at hospital discharge between 2003 and 2013. Sociodemographic, clinical and health care variables were assessed by uni- and multivariate logistic regression analysis in the evaluation of factors associated with hospital mortality. Results. Hospital suicidal behaviour predominates in women (58.7%) and in middle-age. Hospital mortality is 2.2% (1.6% in women and 3.2% in men), increasing with age. Mental disorders are detected 3-4 times more in secondary diagnoses. The main primary diagnosis (>74%) is poisoning with substances, with lower mortality (∼1%) than injury by hanging and jumping from high places (≥12%), which have the highest numbers. Other factors associated with increased mortality include different medical comorbidities and severity of the injury, while length of stay and mental disorders are protective factors. Type of hospital, poisoning, and Charlson index are associated differently with mortality in men and women. Conclusions. Hospitalised suicidal acts show a low mortality, mainly related to comorbidities and the severity of injuries.

A study was conducted on patients with E950-E959 codes of suicide and self-inflicted injuries of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, contained in any diagnostic field of the minimum basic data set at hospital discharge between 2003 and 2013. Sociodemographic, clinical and health care variables were assessed by uni- and multivariate logistic regression analysis in the evaluation of factors associated with hospital mortality. Results.

S1888989116300015

Suicidal behaviour characteristics and factors associated with mortality in the hospital setting

Keywords Attempted suicide Hospital mortality Data base Comorbidity Abbreviated Injury Scale

Introduction. Suicide is a major public health problem worldwide, and an approach is necessary due to its high potential for prevention. This paper examines the main characteristics of people admitted to hospitals in the Community of Madrid (Spain) with suicidal behaviour, and the factors associated with their hospital mortality. Material and methods. A study was conducted on patients with E950-E959 codes of suicide and self-inflicted injuries of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, contained in any diagnostic field of the minimum basic data set at hospital discharge between 2003 and 2013. Sociodemographic, clinical and health care variables were assessed by uni- and multivariate logistic regression analysis in the evaluation of factors associated with hospital mortality. Results. Hospital suicidal behaviour predominates in women (58.7%) and in middle-age. Hospital mortality is 2.2% (1.6% in women and 3.2% in men), increasing with age. <dis>Mental disorders</dis> are detected 3-4 times more in secondary diagnoses. The main primary diagnosis (>74%) is poisoning with substances, with lower mortality (∼1%) than injury by hanging and jumping from high places (≥12%), which have the highest numbers. Other factors associated with increased mortality include different medical comorbidities and severity of the injury, while length of stay and <dis>mental disorders</dis> are protective factors. Type of hospital, poisoning, and Charlson index are associated differently with mortality in men and women. Conclusions. Hospitalised suicidal acts show a low mortality, mainly related to comorbidities and the severity of injuries.

Introduction. Suicide is a major public health problem worldwide, and an approach is necessary due to its high potential for prevention. This paper examines the main characteristics of people admitted to hospitals in the Community of Madrid (Spain) with suicidal behaviour, and the factors associated with their hospital mortality. Material and methods. A study was conducted on patients with E950-E959 codes of suicide and self-inflicted injuries of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, contained in any diagnostic field of the minimum basic data set at hospital discharge between 2003 and 2013. Sociodemographic, clinical and health care variables were assessed by uni- and multivariate logistic regression analysis in the evaluation of factors associated with hospital mortality. Results. Hospital suicidal behaviour predominates in women (58.7%) and in middle-age. Hospital mortality is 2.2% (1.6% in women and 3.2% in men), increasing with age. Mental disorders are detected 3-4 times more in secondary diagnoses. The main primary diagnosis (>74%) is poisoning with substances, with lower mortality (∼1%) than injury by hanging and jumping from high places (≥12%), which have the highest numbers. Other factors associated with increased mortality include different medical comorbidities and severity of the injury, while length of stay and mental disorders are protective factors. Type of hospital, poisoning, and Charlson index are associated differently with mortality in men and women. Conclusions. Hospitalised suicidal acts show a low mortality, mainly related to comorbidities and the severity of injuries.

Hospital suicidal behaviour predominates in women (58.7%) and in middle-age. Hospital mortality is 2.2% (1.6% in women and 3.2% in men), increasing with age. Mental disorders are detected 3-4 times more in secondary diagnoses. The main primary diagnosis (>74%) is poisoning with substances, with lower mortality (∼1%) than injury by hanging and jumping from high places (≥12%), which have the highest numbers.

S1888989116300015

Suicidal behaviour characteristics and factors associated with mortality in the hospital setting

Keywords Attempted suicide Hospital mortality Data base Comorbidity Abbreviated Injury Scale

Introduction. Suicide is a major public health problem worldwide, and an approach is necessary due to its high potential for prevention. This paper examines the main characteristics of people admitted to hospitals in the Community of Madrid (Spain) with suicidal behaviour, and the factors associated with their hospital mortality. Material and methods. A study was conducted on patients with E950-E959 codes of suicide and self-inflicted injuries of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, contained in any diagnostic field of the minimum basic data set at hospital discharge between 2003 and 2013. Sociodemographic, clinical and health care variables were assessed by uni- and multivariate logistic regression analysis in the evaluation of factors associated with hospital mortality. Results. Hospital suicidal behaviour predominates in women (58.7%) and in middle-age. Hospital mortality is 2.2% (1.6% in women and 3.2% in men), increasing with age. <dis>Mental disorders</dis> are detected 3-4 times more in secondary diagnoses. The main primary diagnosis (>74%) is poisoning with substances, with lower mortality (∼1%) than injury by hanging and jumping from high places (≥12%), which have the highest numbers. Other factors associated with increased mortality include different medical comorbidities and severity of the injury, while length of stay and <dis>mental disorders</dis> are protective factors. Type of hospital, poisoning, and Charlson index are associated differently with mortality in men and women. Conclusions. Hospitalised suicidal acts show a low mortality, mainly related to comorbidities and the severity of injuries.

Introduction. Suicide is a major public health problem worldwide, and an approach is necessary due to its high potential for prevention. This paper examines the main characteristics of people admitted to hospitals in the Community of Madrid (Spain) with suicidal behaviour, and the factors associated with their hospital mortality. Material and methods. A study was conducted on patients with E950-E959 codes of suicide and self-inflicted injuries of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, contained in any diagnostic field of the minimum basic data set at hospital discharge between 2003 and 2013. Sociodemographic, clinical and health care variables were assessed by uni- and multivariate logistic regression analysis in the evaluation of factors associated with hospital mortality. Results. Hospital suicidal behaviour predominates in women (58.7%) and in middle-age. Hospital mortality is 2.2% (1.6% in women and 3.2% in men), increasing with age. Mental disorders are detected 3-4 times more in secondary diagnoses. The main primary diagnosis (>74%) is poisoning with substances, with lower mortality (∼1%) than injury by hanging and jumping from high places (≥12%), which have the highest numbers. Other factors associated with increased mortality include different medical comorbidities and severity of the injury, while length of stay and mental disorders are protective factors. Type of hospital, poisoning, and Charlson index are associated differently with mortality in men and women. Conclusions. Hospitalised suicidal acts show a low mortality, mainly related to comorbidities and the severity of injuries.

Other factors associated with increased mortality include different medical comorbidities and severity of the injury, while length of stay and mental disorders are protective factors. Type of hospital, poisoning, and Charlson index are associated differently with mortality in men and women. Conclusions. Hospitalised suicidal acts show a low mortality, mainly related to comorbidities and the severity of injuries.

S1888989116300015

Suicidal behaviour characteristics and factors associated with mortality in the hospital setting

Keywords Attempted suicide Hospital mortality Data base Comorbidity Abbreviated Injury Scale

Introduction. Suicide is a major public health problem worldwide, and an approach is necessary due to its high potential for prevention. This paper examines the main characteristics of people admitted to hospitals in the Community of Madrid (Spain) with suicidal behaviour, and the factors associated with their hospital mortality. Material and methods. A study was conducted on patients with E950-E959 codes of suicide and self-inflicted injuries of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, contained in any diagnostic field of the minimum basic data set at hospital discharge between 2003 and 2013. Sociodemographic, clinical and health care variables were assessed by uni- and multivariate logistic regression analysis in the evaluation of factors associated with hospital mortality. Results. Hospital suicidal behaviour predominates in women (58.7%) and in middle-age. Hospital mortality is 2.2% (1.6% in women and 3.2% in men), increasing with age. <dis>Mental disorders</dis> are detected 3-4 times more in secondary diagnoses. The main primary diagnosis (>74%) is poisoning with substances, with lower mortality (∼1%) than injury by hanging and jumping from high places (≥12%), which have the highest numbers. Other factors associated with increased mortality include different medical comorbidities and severity of the injury, while length of stay and <dis>mental disorders</dis> are protective factors. Type of hospital, poisoning, and Charlson index are associated differently with mortality in men and women. Conclusions. Hospitalised suicidal acts show a low mortality, mainly related to comorbidities and the severity of injuries.

Introduction. Suicide is a major public health problem worldwide, and an approach is necessary due to its high potential for prevention. This paper examines the main characteristics of people admitted to hospitals in the Community of Madrid (Spain) with suicidal behaviour, and the factors associated with their hospital mortality. Material and methods. A study was conducted on patients with E950-E959 codes of suicide and self-inflicted injuries of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, contained in any diagnostic field of the minimum basic data set at hospital discharge between 2003 and 2013. Sociodemographic, clinical and health care variables were assessed by uni- and multivariate logistic regression analysis in the evaluation of factors associated with hospital mortality. Results. Hospital suicidal behaviour predominates in women (58.7%) and in middle-age. Hospital mortality is 2.2% (1.6% in women and 3.2% in men), increasing with age. Mental disorders are detected 3-4 times more in secondary diagnoses. The main primary diagnosis (>74%) is poisoning with substances, with lower mortality (∼1%) than injury by hanging and jumping from high places (≥12%), which have the highest numbers. Other factors associated with increased mortality include different medical comorbidities and severity of the injury, while length of stay and mental disorders are protective factors. Type of hospital, poisoning, and Charlson index are associated differently with mortality in men and women. Conclusions. Hospitalised suicidal acts show a low mortality, mainly related to comorbidities and the severity of injuries.

Introduction Numerous tests have been developed to help in the diagnosis of the immunomediated inner ear disease (IMIED), although their usefulness is still the subject of some dispute. Material and method Studies of cohorts of patients with suspected IMIED have been reviewed. A number of different serological tests were carried out and their response to immunosuppressive therapy was noted.

S0001651907749142

Immunomediated Inner Ear Disease: Diagnostic Validation by Means of a Systematic Analysis of the Scientific Literature

Key words Immunomediated inner ear disease Diagnostic tests Menière's disease Sudden deafness Fluctuating hearing loss Rapidly progressive hearing loss

Introduction Numerous tests have been developed to help in the diagnosis of the immunomediated inner ear disease (IMIED), although their usefulness is still the subject of some dispute. Material and method Studies of cohorts of patients with suspected IMIED have been reviewed. A number of different serological tests were carried out and their response to immunosuppressive therapy was noted. Results After reviewing 790 articles, the studies analyzed present great heterogeneity in the clinical characteristics of the patients recruited (<dis>sudden deafness</dis>, <dis>fluctuating and rapidly progressive hearing loss</dis>, Menière's disease), the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the delay between the diagnosis and the start of medical treatment or the response criteria. Conclusions The diagnosis of IMIED is based on clinical presentation and response to corticosteroids. At present no test represents the gold standard in the diagnosis of IMIED. Serologic tests can support the diagnosis, but a methodologically more rigorous approach is needed to identify the true clinical importance of these tests for daily practice.

Introduction Numerous tests have been developed to help in the diagnosis of the immunomediated inner ear disease (IMIED), although their usefulness is still the subject of some dispute. Material and method Studies of cohorts of patients with suspected IMIED have been reviewed. A number of different serological tests were carried out and their response to immunosuppressive therapy was noted. Results After reviewing 790 articles, the studies analyzed present great heterogeneity in the clinical characteristics of the patients recruited (sudden deafness, fluctuating and rapidly progressive hearing loss, Menière's disease), the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the delay between the diagnosis and the start of medical treatment or the response criteria. Conclusions The diagnosis of IMIED is based on clinical presentation and response to corticosteroids. At present no test represents the gold standard in the diagnosis of IMIED. Serologic tests can support the diagnosis, but a methodologically more rigorous approach is needed to identify the true clinical importance of these tests for daily practice.

Results After reviewing 790 articles, the studies analyzed present great heterogeneity in the clinical characteristics of the patients recruited (sudden deafness, fluctuating and rapidly progressive hearing loss, Menière's disease), the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the delay between the diagnosis and the start of medical treatment or the response criteria. Conclusions The diagnosis of IMIED is based on clinical presentation and response to corticosteroids.

S0001651907749142

Immunomediated Inner Ear Disease: Diagnostic Validation by Means of a Systematic Analysis of the Scientific Literature

Key words Immunomediated inner ear disease Diagnostic tests Menière's disease Sudden deafness Fluctuating hearing loss Rapidly progressive hearing loss

Introduction Numerous tests have been developed to help in the diagnosis of the immunomediated inner ear disease (IMIED), although their usefulness is still the subject of some dispute. Material and method Studies of cohorts of patients with suspected IMIED have been reviewed. A number of different serological tests were carried out and their response to immunosuppressive therapy was noted. Results After reviewing 790 articles, the studies analyzed present great heterogeneity in the clinical characteristics of the patients recruited (<dis>sudden deafness</dis>, <dis>fluctuating and rapidly progressive hearing loss</dis>, Menière's disease), the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the delay between the diagnosis and the start of medical treatment or the response criteria. Conclusions The diagnosis of IMIED is based on clinical presentation and response to corticosteroids. At present no test represents the gold standard in the diagnosis of IMIED. Serologic tests can support the diagnosis, but a methodologically more rigorous approach is needed to identify the true clinical importance of these tests for daily practice.

Introduction Numerous tests have been developed to help in the diagnosis of the immunomediated inner ear disease (IMIED), although their usefulness is still the subject of some dispute. Material and method Studies of cohorts of patients with suspected IMIED have been reviewed. A number of different serological tests were carried out and their response to immunosuppressive therapy was noted. Results After reviewing 790 articles, the studies analyzed present great heterogeneity in the clinical characteristics of the patients recruited (sudden deafness, fluctuating and rapidly progressive hearing loss, Menière's disease), the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the delay between the diagnosis and the start of medical treatment or the response criteria. Conclusions The diagnosis of IMIED is based on clinical presentation and response to corticosteroids. At present no test represents the gold standard in the diagnosis of IMIED. Serologic tests can support the diagnosis, but a methodologically more rigorous approach is needed to identify the true clinical importance of these tests for daily practice.

At present no test represents the gold standard in the diagnosis of IMIED. Serologic tests can support the diagnosis, but a methodologically more rigorous approach is needed to identify the true clinical importance of these tests for daily practice.

S0001651907749142

Immunomediated Inner Ear Disease: Diagnostic Validation by Means of a Systematic Analysis of the Scientific Literature

Key words Immunomediated inner ear disease Diagnostic tests Menière's disease Sudden deafness Fluctuating hearing loss Rapidly progressive hearing loss

Introduction Numerous tests have been developed to help in the diagnosis of the immunomediated inner ear disease (IMIED), although their usefulness is still the subject of some dispute. Material and method Studies of cohorts of patients with suspected IMIED have been reviewed. A number of different serological tests were carried out and their response to immunosuppressive therapy was noted. Results After reviewing 790 articles, the studies analyzed present great heterogeneity in the clinical characteristics of the patients recruited (<dis>sudden deafness</dis>, <dis>fluctuating and rapidly progressive hearing loss</dis>, Menière's disease), the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the delay between the diagnosis and the start of medical treatment or the response criteria. Conclusions The diagnosis of IMIED is based on clinical presentation and response to corticosteroids. At present no test represents the gold standard in the diagnosis of IMIED. Serologic tests can support the diagnosis, but a methodologically more rigorous approach is needed to identify the true clinical importance of these tests for daily practice.

Introduction Numerous tests have been developed to help in the diagnosis of the immunomediated inner ear disease (IMIED), although their usefulness is still the subject of some dispute. Material and method Studies of cohorts of patients with suspected IMIED have been reviewed. A number of different serological tests were carried out and their response to immunosuppressive therapy was noted. Results After reviewing 790 articles, the studies analyzed present great heterogeneity in the clinical characteristics of the patients recruited (sudden deafness, fluctuating and rapidly progressive hearing loss, Menière's disease), the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the delay between the diagnosis and the start of medical treatment or the response criteria. Conclusions The diagnosis of IMIED is based on clinical presentation and response to corticosteroids. At present no test represents the gold standard in the diagnosis of IMIED. Serologic tests can support the diagnosis, but a methodologically more rigorous approach is needed to identify the true clinical importance of these tests for daily practice.

Introduction The objective of the EPICON Project is to develop a set of recommendations on how to adequately switch from carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) to eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) in some patients with epilepsy. Methods A steering committee drafted a questionnaire of 56 questions regarding the transition from CBZ or OXC to ESL in clinical practice (methodology and change situation).

S0213485316300731

EPICON consensus: recommendations for proper management of switching to eslicarbazepine acetate in epilepsy

Keywords Eslicarbazepine acetate Carbamazepine Oxcarbazepine Drug switching Methodology Situations

Introduction The objective of the EPICON Project is to develop a set of recommendations on how to adequately switch from carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) to eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) in some patients with epilepsy. Methods A steering committee drafted a questionnaire of 56 questions regarding the transition from CBZ or OXC to ESL in clinical practice (methodology and change situation). The questionnaire was then distributed to 54 epilepsy experts in 2 rounds using the Delphi method. An agreement/disagreement consensus was defined when a median ≥ 7 points or ≤ 3 was achieved, respectively, and a relative interquartile range ≤ 0.40. We analysed the results obtained to reach our conclusions. Results Our main recommendations were the following: switching from CBZ to ESL must be carried out over a period of 1 to 3 weeks with a CBZ:ESL dose ratio of 1:1.3 and is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, subjects with <dis>cognitive problems</dis>, severe osteoporosis–osteopaenia, dyslipidaemia, or liver disease other than acute liver failure, as well as for men with erectile dysfunction caused by CBZ. The transition from OXC to ESL can take place overnight with an OXC:ESL dose ratio of 1:1 and it is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, or those with <dis>cognitive problems</dis>. The transition was not recommended for patients with prior rash due to CBZ or OXC use. Conclusion The EPICON Project offers a set of recommendations about the clinical management of switching from CBZ or OXC to ESL, using the Delphi method.

Introduction The objective of the EPICON Project is to develop a set of recommendations on how to adequately switch from carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) to eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) in some patients with epilepsy. Methods A steering committee drafted a questionnaire of 56 questions regarding the transition from CBZ or OXC to ESL in clinical practice (methodology and change situation). The questionnaire was then distributed to 54 epilepsy experts in 2 rounds using the Delphi method. An agreement/disagreement consensus was defined when a median ≥ 7 points or ≤ 3 was achieved, respectively, and a relative interquartile range ≤ 0.40. We analysed the results obtained to reach our conclusions. Results Our main recommendations were the following: switching from CBZ to ESL must be carried out over a period of 1 to 3 weeks with a CBZ:ESL dose ratio of 1:1.3 and is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, subjects with cognitive problems, severe osteoporosis–osteopaenia, dyslipidaemia, or liver disease other than acute liver failure, as well as for men with erectile dysfunction caused by CBZ. The transition from OXC to ESL can take place overnight with an OXC:ESL dose ratio of 1:1 and it is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, or those with cognitive problems. The transition was not recommended for patients with prior rash due to CBZ or OXC use. Conclusion The EPICON Project offers a set of recommendations about the clinical management of switching from CBZ or OXC to ESL, using the Delphi method.

The questionnaire was then distributed to 54 epilepsy experts in 2 rounds using the Delphi method. An agreement/disagreement consensus was defined when a median ≥ 7 points or ≤ 3 was achieved, respectively, and a relative interquartile range ≤ 0.40. We analysed the results obtained to reach our conclusions.

S0213485316300731

EPICON consensus: recommendations for proper management of switching to eslicarbazepine acetate in epilepsy

Keywords Eslicarbazepine acetate Carbamazepine Oxcarbazepine Drug switching Methodology Situations

Introduction The objective of the EPICON Project is to develop a set of recommendations on how to adequately switch from carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) to eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) in some patients with epilepsy. Methods A steering committee drafted a questionnaire of 56 questions regarding the transition from CBZ or OXC to ESL in clinical practice (methodology and change situation). The questionnaire was then distributed to 54 epilepsy experts in 2 rounds using the Delphi method. An agreement/disagreement consensus was defined when a median ≥ 7 points or ≤ 3 was achieved, respectively, and a relative interquartile range ≤ 0.40. We analysed the results obtained to reach our conclusions. Results Our main recommendations were the following: switching from CBZ to ESL must be carried out over a period of 1 to 3 weeks with a CBZ:ESL dose ratio of 1:1.3 and is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, subjects with <dis>cognitive problems</dis>, severe osteoporosis–osteopaenia, dyslipidaemia, or liver disease other than acute liver failure, as well as for men with erectile dysfunction caused by CBZ. The transition from OXC to ESL can take place overnight with an OXC:ESL dose ratio of 1:1 and it is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, or those with <dis>cognitive problems</dis>. The transition was not recommended for patients with prior rash due to CBZ or OXC use. Conclusion The EPICON Project offers a set of recommendations about the clinical management of switching from CBZ or OXC to ESL, using the Delphi method.

Introduction The objective of the EPICON Project is to develop a set of recommendations on how to adequately switch from carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) to eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) in some patients with epilepsy. Methods A steering committee drafted a questionnaire of 56 questions regarding the transition from CBZ or OXC to ESL in clinical practice (methodology and change situation). The questionnaire was then distributed to 54 epilepsy experts in 2 rounds using the Delphi method. An agreement/disagreement consensus was defined when a median ≥ 7 points or ≤ 3 was achieved, respectively, and a relative interquartile range ≤ 0.40. We analysed the results obtained to reach our conclusions. Results Our main recommendations were the following: switching from CBZ to ESL must be carried out over a period of 1 to 3 weeks with a CBZ:ESL dose ratio of 1:1.3 and is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, subjects with cognitive problems, severe osteoporosis–osteopaenia, dyslipidaemia, or liver disease other than acute liver failure, as well as for men with erectile dysfunction caused by CBZ. The transition from OXC to ESL can take place overnight with an OXC:ESL dose ratio of 1:1 and it is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, or those with cognitive problems. The transition was not recommended for patients with prior rash due to CBZ or OXC use. Conclusion The EPICON Project offers a set of recommendations about the clinical management of switching from CBZ or OXC to ESL, using the Delphi method.

Results Our main recommendations were the following: switching from CBZ to ESL must be carried out over a period of 1 to 3 weeks with a CBZ:ESL dose ratio of 1:1.3 and is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, subjects with cognitive problems, severe osteoporosis–osteopaenia, dyslipidaemia, or liver disease other than acute liver failure, as well as for men with erectile dysfunction caused by CBZ.

S0213485316300731

EPICON consensus: recommendations for proper management of switching to eslicarbazepine acetate in epilepsy

Keywords Eslicarbazepine acetate Carbamazepine Oxcarbazepine Drug switching Methodology Situations

Introduction The objective of the EPICON Project is to develop a set of recommendations on how to adequately switch from carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) to eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) in some patients with epilepsy. Methods A steering committee drafted a questionnaire of 56 questions regarding the transition from CBZ or OXC to ESL in clinical practice (methodology and change situation). The questionnaire was then distributed to 54 epilepsy experts in 2 rounds using the Delphi method. An agreement/disagreement consensus was defined when a median ≥ 7 points or ≤ 3 was achieved, respectively, and a relative interquartile range ≤ 0.40. We analysed the results obtained to reach our conclusions. Results Our main recommendations were the following: switching from CBZ to ESL must be carried out over a period of 1 to 3 weeks with a CBZ:ESL dose ratio of 1:1.3 and is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, subjects with <dis>cognitive problems</dis>, severe osteoporosis–osteopaenia, dyslipidaemia, or liver disease other than acute liver failure, as well as for men with erectile dysfunction caused by CBZ. The transition from OXC to ESL can take place overnight with an OXC:ESL dose ratio of 1:1 and it is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, or those with <dis>cognitive problems</dis>. The transition was not recommended for patients with prior rash due to CBZ or OXC use. Conclusion The EPICON Project offers a set of recommendations about the clinical management of switching from CBZ or OXC to ESL, using the Delphi method.

Introduction The objective of the EPICON Project is to develop a set of recommendations on how to adequately switch from carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) to eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) in some patients with epilepsy. Methods A steering committee drafted a questionnaire of 56 questions regarding the transition from CBZ or OXC to ESL in clinical practice (methodology and change situation). The questionnaire was then distributed to 54 epilepsy experts in 2 rounds using the Delphi method. An agreement/disagreement consensus was defined when a median ≥ 7 points or ≤ 3 was achieved, respectively, and a relative interquartile range ≤ 0.40. We analysed the results obtained to reach our conclusions. Results Our main recommendations were the following: switching from CBZ to ESL must be carried out over a period of 1 to 3 weeks with a CBZ:ESL dose ratio of 1:1.3 and is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, subjects with cognitive problems, severe osteoporosis–osteopaenia, dyslipidaemia, or liver disease other than acute liver failure, as well as for men with erectile dysfunction caused by CBZ. The transition from OXC to ESL can take place overnight with an OXC:ESL dose ratio of 1:1 and it is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, or those with cognitive problems. The transition was not recommended for patients with prior rash due to CBZ or OXC use. Conclusion The EPICON Project offers a set of recommendations about the clinical management of switching from CBZ or OXC to ESL, using the Delphi method.

The transition from OXC to ESL can take place overnight with an OXC:ESL dose ratio of 1:1 and it is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, or those with cognitive problems. The transition was not recommended for patients with prior rash due to CBZ or OXC use.

S0213485316300731

EPICON consensus: recommendations for proper management of switching to eslicarbazepine acetate in epilepsy

Keywords Eslicarbazepine acetate Carbamazepine Oxcarbazepine Drug switching Methodology Situations

Introduction The objective of the EPICON Project is to develop a set of recommendations on how to adequately switch from carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) to eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) in some patients with epilepsy. Methods A steering committee drafted a questionnaire of 56 questions regarding the transition from CBZ or OXC to ESL in clinical practice (methodology and change situation). The questionnaire was then distributed to 54 epilepsy experts in 2 rounds using the Delphi method. An agreement/disagreement consensus was defined when a median ≥ 7 points or ≤ 3 was achieved, respectively, and a relative interquartile range ≤ 0.40. We analysed the results obtained to reach our conclusions. Results Our main recommendations were the following: switching from CBZ to ESL must be carried out over a period of 1 to 3 weeks with a CBZ:ESL dose ratio of 1:1.3 and is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, subjects with <dis>cognitive problems</dis>, severe osteoporosis–osteopaenia, dyslipidaemia, or liver disease other than acute liver failure, as well as for men with erectile dysfunction caused by CBZ. The transition from OXC to ESL can take place overnight with an OXC:ESL dose ratio of 1:1 and it is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, or those with <dis>cognitive problems</dis>. The transition was not recommended for patients with prior rash due to CBZ or OXC use. Conclusion The EPICON Project offers a set of recommendations about the clinical management of switching from CBZ or OXC to ESL, using the Delphi method.

Introduction The objective of the EPICON Project is to develop a set of recommendations on how to adequately switch from carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) to eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) in some patients with epilepsy. Methods A steering committee drafted a questionnaire of 56 questions regarding the transition from CBZ or OXC to ESL in clinical practice (methodology and change situation). The questionnaire was then distributed to 54 epilepsy experts in 2 rounds using the Delphi method. An agreement/disagreement consensus was defined when a median ≥ 7 points or ≤ 3 was achieved, respectively, and a relative interquartile range ≤ 0.40. We analysed the results obtained to reach our conclusions. Results Our main recommendations were the following: switching from CBZ to ESL must be carried out over a period of 1 to 3 weeks with a CBZ:ESL dose ratio of 1:1.3 and is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, subjects with cognitive problems, severe osteoporosis–osteopaenia, dyslipidaemia, or liver disease other than acute liver failure, as well as for men with erectile dysfunction caused by CBZ. The transition from OXC to ESL can take place overnight with an OXC:ESL dose ratio of 1:1 and it is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, or those with cognitive problems. The transition was not recommended for patients with prior rash due to CBZ or OXC use. Conclusion The EPICON Project offers a set of recommendations about the clinical management of switching from CBZ or OXC to ESL, using the Delphi method.

Conclusion The EPICON Project offers a set of recommendations about the clinical management of switching from CBZ or OXC to ESL, using the Delphi method.

S0213485316300731

EPICON consensus: recommendations for proper management of switching to eslicarbazepine acetate in epilepsy

Keywords Eslicarbazepine acetate Carbamazepine Oxcarbazepine Drug switching Methodology Situations

Introduction The objective of the EPICON Project is to develop a set of recommendations on how to adequately switch from carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) to eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) in some patients with epilepsy. Methods A steering committee drafted a questionnaire of 56 questions regarding the transition from CBZ or OXC to ESL in clinical practice (methodology and change situation). The questionnaire was then distributed to 54 epilepsy experts in 2 rounds using the Delphi method. An agreement/disagreement consensus was defined when a median ≥ 7 points or ≤ 3 was achieved, respectively, and a relative interquartile range ≤ 0.40. We analysed the results obtained to reach our conclusions. Results Our main recommendations were the following: switching from CBZ to ESL must be carried out over a period of 1 to 3 weeks with a CBZ:ESL dose ratio of 1:1.3 and is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, subjects with <dis>cognitive problems</dis>, severe osteoporosis–osteopaenia, dyslipidaemia, or liver disease other than acute liver failure, as well as for men with erectile dysfunction caused by CBZ. The transition from OXC to ESL can take place overnight with an OXC:ESL dose ratio of 1:1 and it is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, or those with <dis>cognitive problems</dis>. The transition was not recommended for patients with prior rash due to CBZ or OXC use. Conclusion The EPICON Project offers a set of recommendations about the clinical management of switching from CBZ or OXC to ESL, using the Delphi method.

Introduction The objective of the EPICON Project is to develop a set of recommendations on how to adequately switch from carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) to eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) in some patients with epilepsy. Methods A steering committee drafted a questionnaire of 56 questions regarding the transition from CBZ or OXC to ESL in clinical practice (methodology and change situation). The questionnaire was then distributed to 54 epilepsy experts in 2 rounds using the Delphi method. An agreement/disagreement consensus was defined when a median ≥ 7 points or ≤ 3 was achieved, respectively, and a relative interquartile range ≤ 0.40. We analysed the results obtained to reach our conclusions. Results Our main recommendations were the following: switching from CBZ to ESL must be carried out over a period of 1 to 3 weeks with a CBZ:ESL dose ratio of 1:1.3 and is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, subjects with cognitive problems, severe osteoporosis–osteopaenia, dyslipidaemia, or liver disease other than acute liver failure, as well as for men with erectile dysfunction caused by CBZ. The transition from OXC to ESL can take place overnight with an OXC:ESL dose ratio of 1:1 and it is recommended for patients who frequently forget to take their medication, those who work rotating shifts, polymedicated patients, or those with cognitive problems. The transition was not recommended for patients with prior rash due to CBZ or OXC use. Conclusion The EPICON Project offers a set of recommendations about the clinical management of switching from CBZ or OXC to ESL, using the Delphi method.

Introduction. Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome with severe consequences, especially for elderly patients with pre-existing cognitive impairment. Methodology. Descriptive study of one retrospective cohort, with the aim of comparing risk factors and mortality between surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment in a group of hospitalised patients with delirium. Results.

S0034745017300331

Risk Factors and Hospital Mortality in Surgical and Non-surgical Patients with Delirium

Keywords Delirium Hospital mortality Surgery department Internal medicine department Risk factors

Introduction. Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome with severe consequences, especially for elderly patients with <dis>pre-existing cognitive impairment</dis>. Methodology. Descriptive study of one retrospective cohort, with the aim of comparing risk factors and mortality between surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment in a group of hospitalised patients with delirium. Results. Of the 184 hospitalised patients with delirium analysed, 29.3% were for surgical causes and 70.7% for non-surgical causes. Just over half (50.5%) were women, and 50% of the patients were 74 years or less (interquartile range, 27 years), with statistical differences (P=.002). Prior <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> was observed in 42.9% of patients, with a greater proportion of non-surgical (50.8% vs 24.1%) with significant differences (P=.001). Anticholinergic medications were received by 89.7% of patients, and almost all of them (99.5%) received three or more medicines, with no significant differences. Half (50%) of the patients remained in hospital for 16.3 days or less (interquartile range, 23 days). Hospitalisation was significantly longer in the surgical group (P<.001). The hospital mortality was 14.7%, with no statistical differences between groups (P=.073). Discussion. Although there were no significant differences in mortality between the groups, it was higher in the non-surgical (17.7% vs. 7.4%). Increased mortality was found in the older group (non-surgical) that also had significantly greater <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>, which coincides with that in the scientific literature.

Introduction. Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome with severe consequences, especially for elderly patients with pre-existing cognitive impairment. Methodology. Descriptive study of one retrospective cohort, with the aim of comparing risk factors and mortality between surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment in a group of hospitalised patients with delirium. Results. Of the 184 hospitalised patients with delirium analysed, 29.3% were for surgical causes and 70.7% for non-surgical causes. Just over half (50.5%) were women, and 50% of the patients were 74 years or less (interquartile range, 27 years), with statistical differences (P=.002). Prior cognitive impairment was observed in 42.9% of patients, with a greater proportion of non-surgical (50.8% vs 24.1%) with significant differences (P=.001). Anticholinergic medications were received by 89.7% of patients, and almost all of them (99.5%) received three or more medicines, with no significant differences. Half (50%) of the patients remained in hospital for 16.3 days or less (interquartile range, 23 days). Hospitalisation was significantly longer in the surgical group (P<.001). The hospital mortality was 14.7%, with no statistical differences between groups (P=.073). Discussion. Although there were no significant differences in mortality between the groups, it was higher in the non-surgical (17.7% vs. 7.4%). Increased mortality was found in the older group (non-surgical) that also had significantly greater cognitive impairment, which coincides with that in the scientific literature.

Of the 184 hospitalised patients with delirium analysed, 29.3% were for surgical causes and 70.7% for non-surgical causes. Just over half (50.5%) were women, and 50% of the patients were 74 years or less (interquartile range, 27 years), with statistical differences (P=.002).

S0034745017300331

Risk Factors and Hospital Mortality in Surgical and Non-surgical Patients with Delirium

Keywords Delirium Hospital mortality Surgery department Internal medicine department Risk factors

Introduction. Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome with severe consequences, especially for elderly patients with <dis>pre-existing cognitive impairment</dis>. Methodology. Descriptive study of one retrospective cohort, with the aim of comparing risk factors and mortality between surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment in a group of hospitalised patients with delirium. Results. Of the 184 hospitalised patients with delirium analysed, 29.3% were for surgical causes and 70.7% for non-surgical causes. Just over half (50.5%) were women, and 50% of the patients were 74 years or less (interquartile range, 27 years), with statistical differences (P=.002). Prior <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> was observed in 42.9% of patients, with a greater proportion of non-surgical (50.8% vs 24.1%) with significant differences (P=.001). Anticholinergic medications were received by 89.7% of patients, and almost all of them (99.5%) received three or more medicines, with no significant differences. Half (50%) of the patients remained in hospital for 16.3 days or less (interquartile range, 23 days). Hospitalisation was significantly longer in the surgical group (P<.001). The hospital mortality was 14.7%, with no statistical differences between groups (P=.073). Discussion. Although there were no significant differences in mortality between the groups, it was higher in the non-surgical (17.7% vs. 7.4%). Increased mortality was found in the older group (non-surgical) that also had significantly greater <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>, which coincides with that in the scientific literature.

Introduction. Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome with severe consequences, especially for elderly patients with pre-existing cognitive impairment. Methodology. Descriptive study of one retrospective cohort, with the aim of comparing risk factors and mortality between surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment in a group of hospitalised patients with delirium. Results. Of the 184 hospitalised patients with delirium analysed, 29.3% were for surgical causes and 70.7% for non-surgical causes. Just over half (50.5%) were women, and 50% of the patients were 74 years or less (interquartile range, 27 years), with statistical differences (P=.002). Prior cognitive impairment was observed in 42.9% of patients, with a greater proportion of non-surgical (50.8% vs 24.1%) with significant differences (P=.001). Anticholinergic medications were received by 89.7% of patients, and almost all of them (99.5%) received three or more medicines, with no significant differences. Half (50%) of the patients remained in hospital for 16.3 days or less (interquartile range, 23 days). Hospitalisation was significantly longer in the surgical group (P<.001). The hospital mortality was 14.7%, with no statistical differences between groups (P=.073). Discussion. Although there were no significant differences in mortality between the groups, it was higher in the non-surgical (17.7% vs. 7.4%). Increased mortality was found in the older group (non-surgical) that also had significantly greater cognitive impairment, which coincides with that in the scientific literature.

Prior cognitive impairment was observed in 42.9% of patients, with a greater proportion of non-surgical (50.8% vs 24.1%) with significant differences (P=.001). Anticholinergic medications were received by 89.7% of patients, and almost all of them (99.5%) received three or more medicines, with no significant differences.

S0034745017300331

Risk Factors and Hospital Mortality in Surgical and Non-surgical Patients with Delirium

Keywords Delirium Hospital mortality Surgery department Internal medicine department Risk factors

Introduction. Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome with severe consequences, especially for elderly patients with <dis>pre-existing cognitive impairment</dis>. Methodology. Descriptive study of one retrospective cohort, with the aim of comparing risk factors and mortality between surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment in a group of hospitalised patients with delirium. Results. Of the 184 hospitalised patients with delirium analysed, 29.3% were for surgical causes and 70.7% for non-surgical causes. Just over half (50.5%) were women, and 50% of the patients were 74 years or less (interquartile range, 27 years), with statistical differences (P=.002). Prior <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> was observed in 42.9% of patients, with a greater proportion of non-surgical (50.8% vs 24.1%) with significant differences (P=.001). Anticholinergic medications were received by 89.7% of patients, and almost all of them (99.5%) received three or more medicines, with no significant differences. Half (50%) of the patients remained in hospital for 16.3 days or less (interquartile range, 23 days). Hospitalisation was significantly longer in the surgical group (P<.001). The hospital mortality was 14.7%, with no statistical differences between groups (P=.073). Discussion. Although there were no significant differences in mortality between the groups, it was higher in the non-surgical (17.7% vs. 7.4%). Increased mortality was found in the older group (non-surgical) that also had significantly greater <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>, which coincides with that in the scientific literature.

Introduction. Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome with severe consequences, especially for elderly patients with pre-existing cognitive impairment. Methodology. Descriptive study of one retrospective cohort, with the aim of comparing risk factors and mortality between surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment in a group of hospitalised patients with delirium. Results. Of the 184 hospitalised patients with delirium analysed, 29.3% were for surgical causes and 70.7% for non-surgical causes. Just over half (50.5%) were women, and 50% of the patients were 74 years or less (interquartile range, 27 years), with statistical differences (P=.002). Prior cognitive impairment was observed in 42.9% of patients, with a greater proportion of non-surgical (50.8% vs 24.1%) with significant differences (P=.001). Anticholinergic medications were received by 89.7% of patients, and almost all of them (99.5%) received three or more medicines, with no significant differences. Half (50%) of the patients remained in hospital for 16.3 days or less (interquartile range, 23 days). Hospitalisation was significantly longer in the surgical group (P<.001). The hospital mortality was 14.7%, with no statistical differences between groups (P=.073). Discussion. Although there were no significant differences in mortality between the groups, it was higher in the non-surgical (17.7% vs. 7.4%). Increased mortality was found in the older group (non-surgical) that also had significantly greater cognitive impairment, which coincides with that in the scientific literature.

Half (50%) of the patients remained in hospital for 16.3 days or less (interquartile range, 23 days). Hospitalisation was significantly longer in the surgical group (P<.001). The hospital mortality was 14.7%, with no statistical differences between groups (P=.073). Discussion. Although there were no significant differences in mortality between the groups, it was higher in the non-surgical (17.7% vs. 7.4%).

S0034745017300331

Risk Factors and Hospital Mortality in Surgical and Non-surgical Patients with Delirium

Keywords Delirium Hospital mortality Surgery department Internal medicine department Risk factors

Introduction. Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome with severe consequences, especially for elderly patients with <dis>pre-existing cognitive impairment</dis>. Methodology. Descriptive study of one retrospective cohort, with the aim of comparing risk factors and mortality between surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment in a group of hospitalised patients with delirium. Results. Of the 184 hospitalised patients with delirium analysed, 29.3% were for surgical causes and 70.7% for non-surgical causes. Just over half (50.5%) were women, and 50% of the patients were 74 years or less (interquartile range, 27 years), with statistical differences (P=.002). Prior <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> was observed in 42.9% of patients, with a greater proportion of non-surgical (50.8% vs 24.1%) with significant differences (P=.001). Anticholinergic medications were received by 89.7% of patients, and almost all of them (99.5%) received three or more medicines, with no significant differences. Half (50%) of the patients remained in hospital for 16.3 days or less (interquartile range, 23 days). Hospitalisation was significantly longer in the surgical group (P<.001). The hospital mortality was 14.7%, with no statistical differences between groups (P=.073). Discussion. Although there were no significant differences in mortality between the groups, it was higher in the non-surgical (17.7% vs. 7.4%). Increased mortality was found in the older group (non-surgical) that also had significantly greater <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>, which coincides with that in the scientific literature.

Introduction. Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome with severe consequences, especially for elderly patients with pre-existing cognitive impairment. Methodology. Descriptive study of one retrospective cohort, with the aim of comparing risk factors and mortality between surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment in a group of hospitalised patients with delirium. Results. Of the 184 hospitalised patients with delirium analysed, 29.3% were for surgical causes and 70.7% for non-surgical causes. Just over half (50.5%) were women, and 50% of the patients were 74 years or less (interquartile range, 27 years), with statistical differences (P=.002). Prior cognitive impairment was observed in 42.9% of patients, with a greater proportion of non-surgical (50.8% vs 24.1%) with significant differences (P=.001). Anticholinergic medications were received by 89.7% of patients, and almost all of them (99.5%) received three or more medicines, with no significant differences. Half (50%) of the patients remained in hospital for 16.3 days or less (interquartile range, 23 days). Hospitalisation was significantly longer in the surgical group (P<.001). The hospital mortality was 14.7%, with no statistical differences between groups (P=.073). Discussion. Although there were no significant differences in mortality between the groups, it was higher in the non-surgical (17.7% vs. 7.4%). Increased mortality was found in the older group (non-surgical) that also had significantly greater cognitive impairment, which coincides with that in the scientific literature.

Increased mortality was found in the older group (non-surgical) that also had significantly greater cognitive impairment, which coincides with that in the scientific literature.

S0034745017300331

Risk Factors and Hospital Mortality in Surgical and Non-surgical Patients with Delirium

Keywords Delirium Hospital mortality Surgery department Internal medicine department Risk factors

Introduction. Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome with severe consequences, especially for elderly patients with <dis>pre-existing cognitive impairment</dis>. Methodology. Descriptive study of one retrospective cohort, with the aim of comparing risk factors and mortality between surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment in a group of hospitalised patients with delirium. Results. Of the 184 hospitalised patients with delirium analysed, 29.3% were for surgical causes and 70.7% for non-surgical causes. Just over half (50.5%) were women, and 50% of the patients were 74 years or less (interquartile range, 27 years), with statistical differences (P=.002). Prior <dis>cognitive impairment</dis> was observed in 42.9% of patients, with a greater proportion of non-surgical (50.8% vs 24.1%) with significant differences (P=.001). Anticholinergic medications were received by 89.7% of patients, and almost all of them (99.5%) received three or more medicines, with no significant differences. Half (50%) of the patients remained in hospital for 16.3 days or less (interquartile range, 23 days). Hospitalisation was significantly longer in the surgical group (P<.001). The hospital mortality was 14.7%, with no statistical differences between groups (P=.073). Discussion. Although there were no significant differences in mortality between the groups, it was higher in the non-surgical (17.7% vs. 7.4%). Increased mortality was found in the older group (non-surgical) that also had significantly greater <dis>cognitive impairment</dis>, which coincides with that in the scientific literature.

Introduction. Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome with severe consequences, especially for elderly patients with pre-existing cognitive impairment. Methodology. Descriptive study of one retrospective cohort, with the aim of comparing risk factors and mortality between surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment in a group of hospitalised patients with delirium. Results. Of the 184 hospitalised patients with delirium analysed, 29.3% were for surgical causes and 70.7% for non-surgical causes. Just over half (50.5%) were women, and 50% of the patients were 74 years or less (interquartile range, 27 years), with statistical differences (P=.002). Prior cognitive impairment was observed in 42.9% of patients, with a greater proportion of non-surgical (50.8% vs 24.1%) with significant differences (P=.001). Anticholinergic medications were received by 89.7% of patients, and almost all of them (99.5%) received three or more medicines, with no significant differences. Half (50%) of the patients remained in hospital for 16.3 days or less (interquartile range, 23 days). Hospitalisation was significantly longer in the surgical group (P<.001). The hospital mortality was 14.7%, with no statistical differences between groups (P=.073). Discussion. Although there were no significant differences in mortality between the groups, it was higher in the non-surgical (17.7% vs. 7.4%). Increased mortality was found in the older group (non-surgical) that also had significantly greater cognitive impairment, which coincides with that in the scientific literature.

A substantial percentage of primary care (PC) visits are motivated by some type of emotional disorder, especially depression, anxiety and somatization. These common mental disorders represent a significant burden for the people affected and for the society. Despite the availability of effective psychological therapies for these disorders, psychological interventions are rarely used in PC.

S113479371730060X

Psychological treatment of emotional disorders in Primary Care: The transdiagnostic treatment manual of the PsicAP study

Keywords Common mental disorders Anxiety Depression Somatizations Psychological treatment Primary Care Treatment manual

A substantial percentage of primary care (PC) visits are motivated by some type of <dis>emotional disorder</dis>, especially depression, anxiety and somatization. These common <dis>mental disorders</dis> represent a significant burden for the people affected and for the society. Despite the availability of effective psychological therapies for these disorders, psychological interventions are rarely used in PC. The aim of the Psychology in Primary Care (PsicAP) project is to demonstrate the efficacy of a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural group therapy to treat the most prevalent emotional disorders in PC. This therapy, which involves only 7 sessions, is especially appropriate for PC settings. In the present article, we present the treatment manual, session by session, with extracts that illustrate key contents of the sessions. Finally, we discuss the implications of a protocol of this type at a time when clinical psychologists and clinical psychology interns are starting to be integrated into the PC setting in Spain.

A substantial percentage of primary care (PC) visits are motivated by some type of emotional disorder, especially depression, anxiety and somatization. These common mental disorders represent a significant burden for the people affected and for the society. Despite the availability of effective psychological therapies for these disorders, psychological interventions are rarely used in PC. The aim of the Psychology in Primary Care (PsicAP) project is to demonstrate the efficacy of a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural group therapy to treat the most prevalent emotional disorders in PC. This therapy, which involves only 7 sessions, is especially appropriate for PC settings. In the present article, we present the treatment manual, session by session, with extracts that illustrate key contents of the sessions. Finally, we discuss the implications of a protocol of this type at a time when clinical psychologists and clinical psychology interns are starting to be integrated into the PC setting in Spain.

The aim of the Psychology in Primary Care (PsicAP) project is to demonstrate the efficacy of a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural group therapy to treat the most prevalent emotional disorders in PC. This therapy, which involves only 7 sessions, is especially appropriate for PC settings. In the present article, we present the treatment manual, session by session, with extracts that illustrate key contents of the sessions.

S113479371730060X

Psychological treatment of emotional disorders in Primary Care: The transdiagnostic treatment manual of the PsicAP study

Keywords Common mental disorders Anxiety Depression Somatizations Psychological treatment Primary Care Treatment manual

A substantial percentage of primary care (PC) visits are motivated by some type of <dis>emotional disorder</dis>, especially depression, anxiety and somatization. These common <dis>mental disorders</dis> represent a significant burden for the people affected and for the society. Despite the availability of effective psychological therapies for these disorders, psychological interventions are rarely used in PC. The aim of the Psychology in Primary Care (PsicAP) project is to demonstrate the efficacy of a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural group therapy to treat the most prevalent emotional disorders in PC. This therapy, which involves only 7 sessions, is especially appropriate for PC settings. In the present article, we present the treatment manual, session by session, with extracts that illustrate key contents of the sessions. Finally, we discuss the implications of a protocol of this type at a time when clinical psychologists and clinical psychology interns are starting to be integrated into the PC setting in Spain.

A substantial percentage of primary care (PC) visits are motivated by some type of emotional disorder, especially depression, anxiety and somatization. These common mental disorders represent a significant burden for the people affected and for the society. Despite the availability of effective psychological therapies for these disorders, psychological interventions are rarely used in PC. The aim of the Psychology in Primary Care (PsicAP) project is to demonstrate the efficacy of a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural group therapy to treat the most prevalent emotional disorders in PC. This therapy, which involves only 7 sessions, is especially appropriate for PC settings. In the present article, we present the treatment manual, session by session, with extracts that illustrate key contents of the sessions. Finally, we discuss the implications of a protocol of this type at a time when clinical psychologists and clinical psychology interns are starting to be integrated into the PC setting in Spain.

Finally, we discuss the implications of a protocol of this type at a time when clinical psychologists and clinical psychology interns are starting to be integrated into the PC setting in Spain.

S113479371730060X

Psychological treatment of emotional disorders in Primary Care: The transdiagnostic treatment manual of the PsicAP study

Keywords Common mental disorders Anxiety Depression Somatizations Psychological treatment Primary Care Treatment manual

A substantial percentage of primary care (PC) visits are motivated by some type of <dis>emotional disorder</dis>, especially depression, anxiety and somatization. These common <dis>mental disorders</dis> represent a significant burden for the people affected and for the society. Despite the availability of effective psychological therapies for these disorders, psychological interventions are rarely used in PC. The aim of the Psychology in Primary Care (PsicAP) project is to demonstrate the efficacy of a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural group therapy to treat the most prevalent emotional disorders in PC. This therapy, which involves only 7 sessions, is especially appropriate for PC settings. In the present article, we present the treatment manual, session by session, with extracts that illustrate key contents of the sessions. Finally, we discuss the implications of a protocol of this type at a time when clinical psychologists and clinical psychology interns are starting to be integrated into the PC setting in Spain.

A substantial percentage of primary care (PC) visits are motivated by some type of emotional disorder, especially depression, anxiety and somatization. These common mental disorders represent a significant burden for the people affected and for the society. Despite the availability of effective psychological therapies for these disorders, psychological interventions are rarely used in PC. The aim of the Psychology in Primary Care (PsicAP) project is to demonstrate the efficacy of a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural group therapy to treat the most prevalent emotional disorders in PC. This therapy, which involves only 7 sessions, is especially appropriate for PC settings. In the present article, we present the treatment manual, session by session, with extracts that illustrate key contents of the sessions. Finally, we discuss the implications of a protocol of this type at a time when clinical psychologists and clinical psychology interns are starting to be integrated into the PC setting in Spain.

Abstract Proteins belonging to the RAS/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway play key roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and death. For more than 30 years now we have known that 30% of human cancers carry somatic mutations in genes encoding proteins from this pathway.

S000173101100113X

Rasopathies: Developmental Disorders That Predispose to Cancer and Skin Manifestations

Keywords RAS/Mitogen activated protein kinase pathway Rasopathies

Abstract Proteins belonging to the RAS/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway play key roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and death. For more than 30 years now we have known that 30% of human cancers carry somatic mutations in genes encoding proteins from this pathway. Whereas somatic mutations have a high malignant potential, germline mutations are linked to <dis>developmental abnormalities</dis> that are often poorly clinically differentiated, although each is dependent upon the specific gene affected. Thus, all patients share varying degrees of <dis>mental retardation</dis> or <dis>learning difficulties</dis>, heart disease, facial dysmorphism, skin anomalies, and, in some cases, predisposition to cancer. These syndromes, known as rasopathies, include Noonan syndrome, Costello syndrome, neurofibromatosis-1, LEOPARD syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, and Legius syndrome. Recognizing the skin manifestations of rasopathies can facilitate diagnosis of these syndromes.

Abstract Proteins belonging to the RAS/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway play key roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and death. For more than 30 years now we have known that 30% of human cancers carry somatic mutations in genes encoding proteins from this pathway. Whereas somatic mutations have a high malignant potential, germline mutations are linked to developmental abnormalities that are often poorly clinically differentiated, although each is dependent upon the specific gene affected. Thus, all patients share varying degrees of mental retardation or learning difficulties, heart disease, facial dysmorphism, skin anomalies, and, in some cases, predisposition to cancer. These syndromes, known as rasopathies, include Noonan syndrome, Costello syndrome, neurofibromatosis-1, LEOPARD syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, and Legius syndrome. Recognizing the skin manifestations of rasopathies can facilitate diagnosis of these syndromes.

Whereas somatic mutations have a high malignant potential, germline mutations are linked to developmental abnormalities that are often poorly clinically differentiated, although each is dependent upon the specific gene affected. Thus, all patients share varying degrees of mental retardation or learning difficulties, heart disease, facial dysmorphism, skin anomalies, and, in some cases, predisposition to cancer.

S000173101100113X

Rasopathies: Developmental Disorders That Predispose to Cancer and Skin Manifestations

Keywords RAS/Mitogen activated protein kinase pathway Rasopathies

Abstract Proteins belonging to the RAS/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway play key roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and death. For more than 30 years now we have known that 30% of human cancers carry somatic mutations in genes encoding proteins from this pathway. Whereas somatic mutations have a high malignant potential, germline mutations are linked to <dis>developmental abnormalities</dis> that are often poorly clinically differentiated, although each is dependent upon the specific gene affected. Thus, all patients share varying degrees of <dis>mental retardation</dis> or <dis>learning difficulties</dis>, heart disease, facial dysmorphism, skin anomalies, and, in some cases, predisposition to cancer. These syndromes, known as rasopathies, include Noonan syndrome, Costello syndrome, neurofibromatosis-1, LEOPARD syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, and Legius syndrome. Recognizing the skin manifestations of rasopathies can facilitate diagnosis of these syndromes.

Abstract Proteins belonging to the RAS/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway play key roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and death. For more than 30 years now we have known that 30% of human cancers carry somatic mutations in genes encoding proteins from this pathway. Whereas somatic mutations have a high malignant potential, germline mutations are linked to developmental abnormalities that are often poorly clinically differentiated, although each is dependent upon the specific gene affected. Thus, all patients share varying degrees of mental retardation or learning difficulties, heart disease, facial dysmorphism, skin anomalies, and, in some cases, predisposition to cancer. These syndromes, known as rasopathies, include Noonan syndrome, Costello syndrome, neurofibromatosis-1, LEOPARD syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, and Legius syndrome. Recognizing the skin manifestations of rasopathies can facilitate diagnosis of these syndromes.

These syndromes, known as rasopathies, include Noonan syndrome, Costello syndrome, neurofibromatosis-1, LEOPARD syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, and Legius syndrome. Recognizing the skin manifestations of rasopathies can facilitate diagnosis of these syndromes.

S000173101100113X

Rasopathies: Developmental Disorders That Predispose to Cancer and Skin Manifestations

Keywords RAS/Mitogen activated protein kinase pathway Rasopathies

Abstract Proteins belonging to the RAS/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway play key roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and death. For more than 30 years now we have known that 30% of human cancers carry somatic mutations in genes encoding proteins from this pathway. Whereas somatic mutations have a high malignant potential, germline mutations are linked to <dis>developmental abnormalities</dis> that are often poorly clinically differentiated, although each is dependent upon the specific gene affected. Thus, all patients share varying degrees of <dis>mental retardation</dis> or <dis>learning difficulties</dis>, heart disease, facial dysmorphism, skin anomalies, and, in some cases, predisposition to cancer. These syndromes, known as rasopathies, include Noonan syndrome, Costello syndrome, neurofibromatosis-1, LEOPARD syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, and Legius syndrome. Recognizing the skin manifestations of rasopathies can facilitate diagnosis of these syndromes.

Abstract Proteins belonging to the RAS/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway play key roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and death. For more than 30 years now we have known that 30% of human cancers carry somatic mutations in genes encoding proteins from this pathway. Whereas somatic mutations have a high malignant potential, germline mutations are linked to developmental abnormalities that are often poorly clinically differentiated, although each is dependent upon the specific gene affected. Thus, all patients share varying degrees of mental retardation or learning difficulties, heart disease, facial dysmorphism, skin anomalies, and, in some cases, predisposition to cancer. These syndromes, known as rasopathies, include Noonan syndrome, Costello syndrome, neurofibromatosis-1, LEOPARD syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, and Legius syndrome. Recognizing the skin manifestations of rasopathies can facilitate diagnosis of these syndromes.

Human behaviours have different meanings according to the historical moment and context. In this article sexual behaviours are taken as a category in order to analyse how psychiatric nosology is structured, as manifested in texts such as the DSM-5. The development of these diagnostic manuals are tools that are far from being free of subjectivities and interference of elements of power, expressed in the way health, illness, mental health, and mental disorders, are assumed; in short, the normal and pathological.

S003474501630083X

Innovations, Reviews and Proposals on the DSM-5: the Case of Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria and Paraphilic Disorders

Keywords Sexual behaviour Sex Gender identity Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Review

Human behaviours have different meanings according to the historical moment and context. In this article sexual behaviours are taken as a category in order to analyse how psychiatric nosology is structured, as manifested in texts such as the DSM-5. The development of these diagnostic manuals are tools that are far from being free of subjectivities and interference of elements of power, expressed in the way health, illness, mental health, and <dis>mental disorders</dis>, are assumed; in short, the normal and pathological. Each new diagnosis, or even its elimination, and the recomposing of the different diagnostic criteria, especially in the field of sexual behaviour, present visions of how individual and collective human life is conceived, as well as an expression of accurate attempts to control human sexualities through the medicalisation of behaviour, coupled with moral, religious, and even legal considerations. Categories such as gender dysphoria, paraphilia or paraphilic disorders are examples of how the limits intended to establish a biomedical perspective are also incomplete and imprecise. These violate individual and social construction of sexualities and the conception of mental health, showing persistent difficulties and controversies that are evident in the way psychiatric classifications are made.

Human behaviours have different meanings according to the historical moment and context. In this article sexual behaviours are taken as a category in order to analyse how psychiatric nosology is structured, as manifested in texts such as the DSM-5. The development of these diagnostic manuals are tools that are far from being free of subjectivities and interference of elements of power, expressed in the way health, illness, mental health, and mental disorders, are assumed; in short, the normal and pathological. Each new diagnosis, or even its elimination, and the recomposing of the different diagnostic criteria, especially in the field of sexual behaviour, present visions of how individual and collective human life is conceived, as well as an expression of accurate attempts to control human sexualities through the medicalisation of behaviour, coupled with moral, religious, and even legal considerations. Categories such as gender dysphoria, paraphilia or paraphilic disorders are examples of how the limits intended to establish a biomedical perspective are also incomplete and imprecise. These violate individual and social construction of sexualities and the conception of mental health, showing persistent difficulties and controversies that are evident in the way psychiatric classifications are made.

Each new diagnosis, or even its elimination, and the recomposing of the different diagnostic criteria, especially in the field of sexual behaviour, present visions of how individual and collective human life is conceived, as well as an expression of accurate attempts to control human sexualities through the medicalisation of behaviour, coupled with moral, religious, and even legal considerations. Categories such as gender dysphoria, paraphilia or paraphilic disorders are examples of how the limits intended to establish a biomedical perspective are also incomplete and imprecise.

S003474501630083X

Innovations, Reviews and Proposals on the DSM-5: the Case of Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria and Paraphilic Disorders

Keywords Sexual behaviour Sex Gender identity Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Review

Human behaviours have different meanings according to the historical moment and context. In this article sexual behaviours are taken as a category in order to analyse how psychiatric nosology is structured, as manifested in texts such as the DSM-5. The development of these diagnostic manuals are tools that are far from being free of subjectivities and interference of elements of power, expressed in the way health, illness, mental health, and <dis>mental disorders</dis>, are assumed; in short, the normal and pathological. Each new diagnosis, or even its elimination, and the recomposing of the different diagnostic criteria, especially in the field of sexual behaviour, present visions of how individual and collective human life is conceived, as well as an expression of accurate attempts to control human sexualities through the medicalisation of behaviour, coupled with moral, religious, and even legal considerations. Categories such as gender dysphoria, paraphilia or paraphilic disorders are examples of how the limits intended to establish a biomedical perspective are also incomplete and imprecise. These violate individual and social construction of sexualities and the conception of mental health, showing persistent difficulties and controversies that are evident in the way psychiatric classifications are made.

Human behaviours have different meanings according to the historical moment and context. In this article sexual behaviours are taken as a category in order to analyse how psychiatric nosology is structured, as manifested in texts such as the DSM-5. The development of these diagnostic manuals are tools that are far from being free of subjectivities and interference of elements of power, expressed in the way health, illness, mental health, and mental disorders, are assumed; in short, the normal and pathological. Each new diagnosis, or even its elimination, and the recomposing of the different diagnostic criteria, especially in the field of sexual behaviour, present visions of how individual and collective human life is conceived, as well as an expression of accurate attempts to control human sexualities through the medicalisation of behaviour, coupled with moral, religious, and even legal considerations. Categories such as gender dysphoria, paraphilia or paraphilic disorders are examples of how the limits intended to establish a biomedical perspective are also incomplete and imprecise. These violate individual and social construction of sexualities and the conception of mental health, showing persistent difficulties and controversies that are evident in the way psychiatric classifications are made.

These violate individual and social construction of sexualities and the conception of mental health, showing persistent difficulties and controversies that are evident in the way psychiatric classifications are made.

S003474501630083X

Innovations, Reviews and Proposals on the DSM-5: the Case of Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria and Paraphilic Disorders

Keywords Sexual behaviour Sex Gender identity Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Review

Human behaviours have different meanings according to the historical moment and context. In this article sexual behaviours are taken as a category in order to analyse how psychiatric nosology is structured, as manifested in texts such as the DSM-5. The development of these diagnostic manuals are tools that are far from being free of subjectivities and interference of elements of power, expressed in the way health, illness, mental health, and <dis>mental disorders</dis>, are assumed; in short, the normal and pathological. Each new diagnosis, or even its elimination, and the recomposing of the different diagnostic criteria, especially in the field of sexual behaviour, present visions of how individual and collective human life is conceived, as well as an expression of accurate attempts to control human sexualities through the medicalisation of behaviour, coupled with moral, religious, and even legal considerations. Categories such as gender dysphoria, paraphilia or paraphilic disorders are examples of how the limits intended to establish a biomedical perspective are also incomplete and imprecise. These violate individual and social construction of sexualities and the conception of mental health, showing persistent difficulties and controversies that are evident in the way psychiatric classifications are made.

Human behaviours have different meanings according to the historical moment and context. In this article sexual behaviours are taken as a category in order to analyse how psychiatric nosology is structured, as manifested in texts such as the DSM-5. The development of these diagnostic manuals are tools that are far from being free of subjectivities and interference of elements of power, expressed in the way health, illness, mental health, and mental disorders, are assumed; in short, the normal and pathological. Each new diagnosis, or even its elimination, and the recomposing of the different diagnostic criteria, especially in the field of sexual behaviour, present visions of how individual and collective human life is conceived, as well as an expression of accurate attempts to control human sexualities through the medicalisation of behaviour, coupled with moral, religious, and even legal considerations. Categories such as gender dysphoria, paraphilia or paraphilic disorders are examples of how the limits intended to establish a biomedical perspective are also incomplete and imprecise. These violate individual and social construction of sexualities and the conception of mental health, showing persistent difficulties and controversies that are evident in the way psychiatric classifications are made.

Anomalies in WT-1 (Wilms’ tumor gene), mapped to 11p13, cause Denys-Drash, Frasier and WAGR syndromes. WAGR syndrome is characterized by Wilms’ tumor (W), aniridia (A), genitourinary anomalies (G) and mental retardation (R).

S1695403306702570

Association between WAGR syndrome and diaphragmatic hernia

Key words WAGR syndrome Diaphragmatic hernia Chromosome 11p13 WT-1 gene

Anomalies in WT-1 (Wilms’ tumor gene), mapped to 11p13, cause Denys-Drash, Frasier and WAGR syndromes. WAGR syndrome is characterized by Wilms’ tumor (W), aniridia (A), genitourinary anomalies (G) and <dis>mental retardation</dis> (R). In the early human fetus, WT-1 is expressed in the pleural and abdominal mesothelium, and consequently this gene may play a role in diaphragm development. The first report of an association between WAGR syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia has recently been published. We present another infant with aniridia, left cryptorchidism with testicular dysgenesis, right-sided posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia and <dis>moderate psychomotor retardation</dis>, in whom genetic study showed a deletion of 11p13 and PAX-6, confirming the diagnosis of WAGR syndrome.

Anomalies in WT-1 (Wilms’ tumor gene), mapped to 11p13, cause Denys-Drash, Frasier and WAGR syndromes. WAGR syndrome is characterized by Wilms’ tumor (W), aniridia (A), genitourinary anomalies (G) and mental retardation (R). In the early human fetus, WT-1 is expressed in the pleural and abdominal mesothelium, and consequently this gene may play a role in diaphragm development. The first report of an association between WAGR syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia has recently been published. We present another infant with aniridia, left cryptorchidism with testicular dysgenesis, right-sided posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia and moderate psychomotor retardation, in whom genetic study showed a deletion of 11p13 and PAX-6, confirming the diagnosis of WAGR syndrome.

In the early human fetus, WT-1 is expressed in the pleural and abdominal mesothelium, and consequently this gene may play a role in diaphragm development. The first report of an association between WAGR syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia has recently been published.

S1695403306702570

Association between WAGR syndrome and diaphragmatic hernia

Key words WAGR syndrome Diaphragmatic hernia Chromosome 11p13 WT-1 gene

Anomalies in WT-1 (Wilms’ tumor gene), mapped to 11p13, cause Denys-Drash, Frasier and WAGR syndromes. WAGR syndrome is characterized by Wilms’ tumor (W), aniridia (A), genitourinary anomalies (G) and <dis>mental retardation</dis> (R). In the early human fetus, WT-1 is expressed in the pleural and abdominal mesothelium, and consequently this gene may play a role in diaphragm development. The first report of an association between WAGR syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia has recently been published. We present another infant with aniridia, left cryptorchidism with testicular dysgenesis, right-sided posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia and <dis>moderate psychomotor retardation</dis>, in whom genetic study showed a deletion of 11p13 and PAX-6, confirming the diagnosis of WAGR syndrome.

Anomalies in WT-1 (Wilms’ tumor gene), mapped to 11p13, cause Denys-Drash, Frasier and WAGR syndromes. WAGR syndrome is characterized by Wilms’ tumor (W), aniridia (A), genitourinary anomalies (G) and mental retardation (R). In the early human fetus, WT-1 is expressed in the pleural and abdominal mesothelium, and consequently this gene may play a role in diaphragm development. The first report of an association between WAGR syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia has recently been published. We present another infant with aniridia, left cryptorchidism with testicular dysgenesis, right-sided posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia and moderate psychomotor retardation, in whom genetic study showed a deletion of 11p13 and PAX-6, confirming the diagnosis of WAGR syndrome.

We present another infant with aniridia, left cryptorchidism with testicular dysgenesis, right-sided posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia and moderate psychomotor retardation, in whom genetic study showed a deletion of 11p13 and PAX-6, confirming the diagnosis of WAGR syndrome.

S1695403306702570

Association between WAGR syndrome and diaphragmatic hernia

Key words WAGR syndrome Diaphragmatic hernia Chromosome 11p13 WT-1 gene

Anomalies in WT-1 (Wilms’ tumor gene), mapped to 11p13, cause Denys-Drash, Frasier and WAGR syndromes. WAGR syndrome is characterized by Wilms’ tumor (W), aniridia (A), genitourinary anomalies (G) and <dis>mental retardation</dis> (R). In the early human fetus, WT-1 is expressed in the pleural and abdominal mesothelium, and consequently this gene may play a role in diaphragm development. The first report of an association between WAGR syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia has recently been published. We present another infant with aniridia, left cryptorchidism with testicular dysgenesis, right-sided posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia and <dis>moderate psychomotor retardation</dis>, in whom genetic study showed a deletion of 11p13 and PAX-6, confirming the diagnosis of WAGR syndrome.

Anomalies in WT-1 (Wilms’ tumor gene), mapped to 11p13, cause Denys-Drash, Frasier and WAGR syndromes. WAGR syndrome is characterized by Wilms’ tumor (W), aniridia (A), genitourinary anomalies (G) and mental retardation (R). In the early human fetus, WT-1 is expressed in the pleural and abdominal mesothelium, and consequently this gene may play a role in diaphragm development. The first report of an association between WAGR syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia has recently been published. We present another infant with aniridia, left cryptorchidism with testicular dysgenesis, right-sided posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia and moderate psychomotor retardation, in whom genetic study showed a deletion of 11p13 and PAX-6, confirming the diagnosis of WAGR syndrome.

Abstract Background Fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability, is associated with a broad spectrum of disorders across different generations of a single family.

S0213485314002321

Clinical, molecular, and pharmacological aspects of FMR1 related disorders

Keywords Intellectual disability Fagile X mental retardation protein Autism spectrum disorders Ribonucleic acid-binding proteins Deoxyribonucleic acid methylation

Abstract Background Fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause of <dis>intellectual disability</dis>, is associated with a broad spectrum of disorders across different generations of a single family. This study reviews the clinical manifestations of fragile X-associated disorders as well as the spectrum of mutations of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene ( _FMR1_ ) and the neurobiology of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), and also provides an overview of the potential therapeutic targets and genetic counselling. Development This disorder is caused by expansion of the CGG repeat (> 200 repeats) in the 5 prime untranslated region of _FMR1_ , resulting in a deficit or absence of FMRP. FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of several genes that are important in synaptic plasticity and dendritic maturation. It is believed that CGG repeat expansions in the premutation range (55 to 200 repeats) elicit an increase in mRNA levels of _FMR1_ , which may cause neuronal toxicity. These changes manifest clinically as developmental problems such as <dis>autism</dis> and <dis>learning disabilities</dis> as well as neurodegenerative diseases including fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Conclusions Advances in identifying the molecular basis of fragile X syndrome may help us understand the causes of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis>, and they will probably contribute to development of new and specific treatments.

Abstract Background Fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability, is associated with a broad spectrum of disorders across different generations of a single family. This study reviews the clinical manifestations of fragile X-associated disorders as well as the spectrum of mutations of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene ( _FMR1_ ) and the neurobiology of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), and also provides an overview of the potential therapeutic targets and genetic counselling. Development This disorder is caused by expansion of the CGG repeat (> 200 repeats) in the 5 prime untranslated region of _FMR1_ , resulting in a deficit or absence of FMRP. FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of several genes that are important in synaptic plasticity and dendritic maturation. It is believed that CGG repeat expansions in the premutation range (55 to 200 repeats) elicit an increase in mRNA levels of _FMR1_ , which may cause neuronal toxicity. These changes manifest clinically as developmental problems such as autism and learning disabilities as well as neurodegenerative diseases including fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Conclusions Advances in identifying the molecular basis of fragile X syndrome may help us understand the causes of neuropsychiatric disorders, and they will probably contribute to development of new and specific treatments.

This study reviews the clinical manifestations of fragile X-associated disorders as well as the spectrum of mutations of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene ( _FMR1_ ) and the neurobiology of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), and also provides an overview of the potential therapeutic targets and genetic counselling.

S0213485314002321

Clinical, molecular, and pharmacological aspects of FMR1 related disorders

Keywords Intellectual disability Fagile X mental retardation protein Autism spectrum disorders Ribonucleic acid-binding proteins Deoxyribonucleic acid methylation

Abstract Background Fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause of <dis>intellectual disability</dis>, is associated with a broad spectrum of disorders across different generations of a single family. This study reviews the clinical manifestations of fragile X-associated disorders as well as the spectrum of mutations of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene ( _FMR1_ ) and the neurobiology of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), and also provides an overview of the potential therapeutic targets and genetic counselling. Development This disorder is caused by expansion of the CGG repeat (> 200 repeats) in the 5 prime untranslated region of _FMR1_ , resulting in a deficit or absence of FMRP. FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of several genes that are important in synaptic plasticity and dendritic maturation. It is believed that CGG repeat expansions in the premutation range (55 to 200 repeats) elicit an increase in mRNA levels of _FMR1_ , which may cause neuronal toxicity. These changes manifest clinically as developmental problems such as <dis>autism</dis> and <dis>learning disabilities</dis> as well as neurodegenerative diseases including fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Conclusions Advances in identifying the molecular basis of fragile X syndrome may help us understand the causes of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis>, and they will probably contribute to development of new and specific treatments.

Abstract Background Fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability, is associated with a broad spectrum of disorders across different generations of a single family. This study reviews the clinical manifestations of fragile X-associated disorders as well as the spectrum of mutations of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene ( _FMR1_ ) and the neurobiology of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), and also provides an overview of the potential therapeutic targets and genetic counselling. Development This disorder is caused by expansion of the CGG repeat (> 200 repeats) in the 5 prime untranslated region of _FMR1_ , resulting in a deficit or absence of FMRP. FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of several genes that are important in synaptic plasticity and dendritic maturation. It is believed that CGG repeat expansions in the premutation range (55 to 200 repeats) elicit an increase in mRNA levels of _FMR1_ , which may cause neuronal toxicity. These changes manifest clinically as developmental problems such as autism and learning disabilities as well as neurodegenerative diseases including fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Conclusions Advances in identifying the molecular basis of fragile X syndrome may help us understand the causes of neuropsychiatric disorders, and they will probably contribute to development of new and specific treatments.

Development This disorder is caused by expansion of the CGG repeat (> 200 repeats) in the 5 prime untranslated region of _FMR1_ , resulting in a deficit or absence of FMRP. FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of several genes that are important in synaptic plasticity and dendritic maturation.

S0213485314002321

Clinical, molecular, and pharmacological aspects of FMR1 related disorders

Keywords Intellectual disability Fagile X mental retardation protein Autism spectrum disorders Ribonucleic acid-binding proteins Deoxyribonucleic acid methylation

Abstract Background Fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause of <dis>intellectual disability</dis>, is associated with a broad spectrum of disorders across different generations of a single family. This study reviews the clinical manifestations of fragile X-associated disorders as well as the spectrum of mutations of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene ( _FMR1_ ) and the neurobiology of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), and also provides an overview of the potential therapeutic targets and genetic counselling. Development This disorder is caused by expansion of the CGG repeat (> 200 repeats) in the 5 prime untranslated region of _FMR1_ , resulting in a deficit or absence of FMRP. FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of several genes that are important in synaptic plasticity and dendritic maturation. It is believed that CGG repeat expansions in the premutation range (55 to 200 repeats) elicit an increase in mRNA levels of _FMR1_ , which may cause neuronal toxicity. These changes manifest clinically as developmental problems such as <dis>autism</dis> and <dis>learning disabilities</dis> as well as neurodegenerative diseases including fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Conclusions Advances in identifying the molecular basis of fragile X syndrome may help us understand the causes of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis>, and they will probably contribute to development of new and specific treatments.

Abstract Background Fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability, is associated with a broad spectrum of disorders across different generations of a single family. This study reviews the clinical manifestations of fragile X-associated disorders as well as the spectrum of mutations of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene ( _FMR1_ ) and the neurobiology of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), and also provides an overview of the potential therapeutic targets and genetic counselling. Development This disorder is caused by expansion of the CGG repeat (> 200 repeats) in the 5 prime untranslated region of _FMR1_ , resulting in a deficit or absence of FMRP. FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of several genes that are important in synaptic plasticity and dendritic maturation. It is believed that CGG repeat expansions in the premutation range (55 to 200 repeats) elicit an increase in mRNA levels of _FMR1_ , which may cause neuronal toxicity. These changes manifest clinically as developmental problems such as autism and learning disabilities as well as neurodegenerative diseases including fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Conclusions Advances in identifying the molecular basis of fragile X syndrome may help us understand the causes of neuropsychiatric disorders, and they will probably contribute to development of new and specific treatments.

It is believed that CGG repeat expansions in the premutation range (55 to 200 repeats) elicit an increase in mRNA levels of _FMR1_ , which may cause neuronal toxicity. These changes manifest clinically as developmental problems such as autism and learning disabilities as well as neurodegenerative diseases including fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS).

S0213485314002321

Clinical, molecular, and pharmacological aspects of FMR1 related disorders

Keywords Intellectual disability Fagile X mental retardation protein Autism spectrum disorders Ribonucleic acid-binding proteins Deoxyribonucleic acid methylation

Abstract Background Fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause of <dis>intellectual disability</dis>, is associated with a broad spectrum of disorders across different generations of a single family. This study reviews the clinical manifestations of fragile X-associated disorders as well as the spectrum of mutations of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene ( _FMR1_ ) and the neurobiology of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), and also provides an overview of the potential therapeutic targets and genetic counselling. Development This disorder is caused by expansion of the CGG repeat (> 200 repeats) in the 5 prime untranslated region of _FMR1_ , resulting in a deficit or absence of FMRP. FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of several genes that are important in synaptic plasticity and dendritic maturation. It is believed that CGG repeat expansions in the premutation range (55 to 200 repeats) elicit an increase in mRNA levels of _FMR1_ , which may cause neuronal toxicity. These changes manifest clinically as developmental problems such as <dis>autism</dis> and <dis>learning disabilities</dis> as well as neurodegenerative diseases including fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Conclusions Advances in identifying the molecular basis of fragile X syndrome may help us understand the causes of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis>, and they will probably contribute to development of new and specific treatments.

Abstract Background Fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability, is associated with a broad spectrum of disorders across different generations of a single family. This study reviews the clinical manifestations of fragile X-associated disorders as well as the spectrum of mutations of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene ( _FMR1_ ) and the neurobiology of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), and also provides an overview of the potential therapeutic targets and genetic counselling. Development This disorder is caused by expansion of the CGG repeat (> 200 repeats) in the 5 prime untranslated region of _FMR1_ , resulting in a deficit or absence of FMRP. FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of several genes that are important in synaptic plasticity and dendritic maturation. It is believed that CGG repeat expansions in the premutation range (55 to 200 repeats) elicit an increase in mRNA levels of _FMR1_ , which may cause neuronal toxicity. These changes manifest clinically as developmental problems such as autism and learning disabilities as well as neurodegenerative diseases including fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Conclusions Advances in identifying the molecular basis of fragile X syndrome may help us understand the causes of neuropsychiatric disorders, and they will probably contribute to development of new and specific treatments.

Conclusions Advances in identifying the molecular basis of fragile X syndrome may help us understand the causes of neuropsychiatric disorders, and they will probably contribute to development of new and specific treatments.

S0213485314002321

Clinical, molecular, and pharmacological aspects of FMR1 related disorders

Keywords Intellectual disability Fagile X mental retardation protein Autism spectrum disorders Ribonucleic acid-binding proteins Deoxyribonucleic acid methylation

Abstract Background Fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause of <dis>intellectual disability</dis>, is associated with a broad spectrum of disorders across different generations of a single family. This study reviews the clinical manifestations of fragile X-associated disorders as well as the spectrum of mutations of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene ( _FMR1_ ) and the neurobiology of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), and also provides an overview of the potential therapeutic targets and genetic counselling. Development This disorder is caused by expansion of the CGG repeat (> 200 repeats) in the 5 prime untranslated region of _FMR1_ , resulting in a deficit or absence of FMRP. FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of several genes that are important in synaptic plasticity and dendritic maturation. It is believed that CGG repeat expansions in the premutation range (55 to 200 repeats) elicit an increase in mRNA levels of _FMR1_ , which may cause neuronal toxicity. These changes manifest clinically as developmental problems such as <dis>autism</dis> and <dis>learning disabilities</dis> as well as neurodegenerative diseases including fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Conclusions Advances in identifying the molecular basis of fragile X syndrome may help us understand the causes of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis>, and they will probably contribute to development of new and specific treatments.

Abstract Background Fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability, is associated with a broad spectrum of disorders across different generations of a single family. This study reviews the clinical manifestations of fragile X-associated disorders as well as the spectrum of mutations of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene ( _FMR1_ ) and the neurobiology of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), and also provides an overview of the potential therapeutic targets and genetic counselling. Development This disorder is caused by expansion of the CGG repeat (> 200 repeats) in the 5 prime untranslated region of _FMR1_ , resulting in a deficit or absence of FMRP. FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of several genes that are important in synaptic plasticity and dendritic maturation. It is believed that CGG repeat expansions in the premutation range (55 to 200 repeats) elicit an increase in mRNA levels of _FMR1_ , which may cause neuronal toxicity. These changes manifest clinically as developmental problems such as autism and learning disabilities as well as neurodegenerative diseases including fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Conclusions Advances in identifying the molecular basis of fragile X syndrome may help us understand the causes of neuropsychiatric disorders, and they will probably contribute to development of new and specific treatments.

Abstract Introduction Sensorineural deafness is a very common disorder in humans, which affects approximately 10% of the population. Genetic causes are suggested to be responsible for more than half of the cases. The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene and the 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene are the most common mutations for sensorineural deafness in the Spanish population.

S0001651902783490

Incidence of the mutations a1555g in the mitochondrial dna and 35delg in the gjb2 gene (connexin-26) in families with late-onset non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss from cantabria

Key words Sensorineural hearing loss Hereditary Non-syndromic hearing loss

Abstract Introduction <dis>Sensorineural deafness</dis> is a very common disorder in humans, which affects approximately 10% of the population. Genetic causes are suggested to be responsible for more than half of the cases. The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene and the 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene are the most common mutations for <dis>sensorineural deafness</dis> in the Spanish population. Methods A genetic study was carried out in order to determine the frequency of the mutations A1555G in the mitochondrial DNA and 35delG in the connexin-26 gene in 21 patients from 21 non-consanguineous unrelated families affected by <dis>late- onset bilateral non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss</dis> from Cantabria. Results The A1555G mutation was found in 6 patients. Five of these 6 patients had been treated with aminoglycosides. In all of them the <dis>auditory impairment</dis> affected mainly the high frequencies. The 35delG mutation was not found in any of the patients. Conclusions The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial DNA has been found to be the most common amongst the Cantabrian population. The A1555G mutation should be suspected in those members of families affected by <dis>sensorineural hearing impairment</dis> with a maternal inheritance pattern and ototoxicity from treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics. The 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene does not seem to be a major cause of <dis>deafness</dis> in families with <dis>late-onset non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss</dis> in our area.

Abstract Introduction Sensorineural deafness is a very common disorder in humans, which affects approximately 10% of the population. Genetic causes are suggested to be responsible for more than half of the cases. The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene and the 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene are the most common mutations for sensorineural deafness in the Spanish population. Methods A genetic study was carried out in order to determine the frequency of the mutations A1555G in the mitochondrial DNA and 35delG in the connexin-26 gene in 21 patients from 21 non-consanguineous unrelated families affected by late- onset bilateral non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss from Cantabria. Results The A1555G mutation was found in 6 patients. Five of these 6 patients had been treated with aminoglycosides. In all of them the auditory impairment affected mainly the high frequencies. The 35delG mutation was not found in any of the patients. Conclusions The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial DNA has been found to be the most common amongst the Cantabrian population. The A1555G mutation should be suspected in those members of families affected by sensorineural hearing impairment with a maternal inheritance pattern and ototoxicity from treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics. The 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene does not seem to be a major cause of deafness in families with late-onset non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss in our area.

Methods A genetic study was carried out in order to determine the frequency of the mutations A1555G in the mitochondrial DNA and 35delG in the connexin-26 gene in 21 patients from 21 non-consanguineous unrelated families affected by late- onset bilateral non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss from Cantabria. Results The A1555G mutation was found in 6 patients.

S0001651902783490

Incidence of the mutations a1555g in the mitochondrial dna and 35delg in the gjb2 gene (connexin-26) in families with late-onset non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss from cantabria

Key words Sensorineural hearing loss Hereditary Non-syndromic hearing loss

Abstract Introduction <dis>Sensorineural deafness</dis> is a very common disorder in humans, which affects approximately 10% of the population. Genetic causes are suggested to be responsible for more than half of the cases. The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene and the 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene are the most common mutations for <dis>sensorineural deafness</dis> in the Spanish population. Methods A genetic study was carried out in order to determine the frequency of the mutations A1555G in the mitochondrial DNA and 35delG in the connexin-26 gene in 21 patients from 21 non-consanguineous unrelated families affected by <dis>late- onset bilateral non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss</dis> from Cantabria. Results The A1555G mutation was found in 6 patients. Five of these 6 patients had been treated with aminoglycosides. In all of them the <dis>auditory impairment</dis> affected mainly the high frequencies. The 35delG mutation was not found in any of the patients. Conclusions The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial DNA has been found to be the most common amongst the Cantabrian population. The A1555G mutation should be suspected in those members of families affected by <dis>sensorineural hearing impairment</dis> with a maternal inheritance pattern and ototoxicity from treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics. The 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene does not seem to be a major cause of <dis>deafness</dis> in families with <dis>late-onset non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss</dis> in our area.

Abstract Introduction Sensorineural deafness is a very common disorder in humans, which affects approximately 10% of the population. Genetic causes are suggested to be responsible for more than half of the cases. The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene and the 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene are the most common mutations for sensorineural deafness in the Spanish population. Methods A genetic study was carried out in order to determine the frequency of the mutations A1555G in the mitochondrial DNA and 35delG in the connexin-26 gene in 21 patients from 21 non-consanguineous unrelated families affected by late- onset bilateral non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss from Cantabria. Results The A1555G mutation was found in 6 patients. Five of these 6 patients had been treated with aminoglycosides. In all of them the auditory impairment affected mainly the high frequencies. The 35delG mutation was not found in any of the patients. Conclusions The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial DNA has been found to be the most common amongst the Cantabrian population. The A1555G mutation should be suspected in those members of families affected by sensorineural hearing impairment with a maternal inheritance pattern and ototoxicity from treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics. The 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene does not seem to be a major cause of deafness in families with late-onset non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss in our area.

Five of these 6 patients had been treated with aminoglycosides. In all of them the auditory impairment affected mainly the high frequencies. The 35delG mutation was not found in any of the patients. Conclusions The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial DNA has been found to be the most common amongst the Cantabrian population.

S0001651902783490

Incidence of the mutations a1555g in the mitochondrial dna and 35delg in the gjb2 gene (connexin-26) in families with late-onset non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss from cantabria

Key words Sensorineural hearing loss Hereditary Non-syndromic hearing loss

Abstract Introduction <dis>Sensorineural deafness</dis> is a very common disorder in humans, which affects approximately 10% of the population. Genetic causes are suggested to be responsible for more than half of the cases. The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene and the 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene are the most common mutations for <dis>sensorineural deafness</dis> in the Spanish population. Methods A genetic study was carried out in order to determine the frequency of the mutations A1555G in the mitochondrial DNA and 35delG in the connexin-26 gene in 21 patients from 21 non-consanguineous unrelated families affected by <dis>late- onset bilateral non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss</dis> from Cantabria. Results The A1555G mutation was found in 6 patients. Five of these 6 patients had been treated with aminoglycosides. In all of them the <dis>auditory impairment</dis> affected mainly the high frequencies. The 35delG mutation was not found in any of the patients. Conclusions The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial DNA has been found to be the most common amongst the Cantabrian population. The A1555G mutation should be suspected in those members of families affected by <dis>sensorineural hearing impairment</dis> with a maternal inheritance pattern and ototoxicity from treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics. The 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene does not seem to be a major cause of <dis>deafness</dis> in families with <dis>late-onset non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss</dis> in our area.

Abstract Introduction Sensorineural deafness is a very common disorder in humans, which affects approximately 10% of the population. Genetic causes are suggested to be responsible for more than half of the cases. The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene and the 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene are the most common mutations for sensorineural deafness in the Spanish population. Methods A genetic study was carried out in order to determine the frequency of the mutations A1555G in the mitochondrial DNA and 35delG in the connexin-26 gene in 21 patients from 21 non-consanguineous unrelated families affected by late- onset bilateral non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss from Cantabria. Results The A1555G mutation was found in 6 patients. Five of these 6 patients had been treated with aminoglycosides. In all of them the auditory impairment affected mainly the high frequencies. The 35delG mutation was not found in any of the patients. Conclusions The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial DNA has been found to be the most common amongst the Cantabrian population. The A1555G mutation should be suspected in those members of families affected by sensorineural hearing impairment with a maternal inheritance pattern and ototoxicity from treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics. The 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene does not seem to be a major cause of deafness in families with late-onset non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss in our area.

The A1555G mutation should be suspected in those members of families affected by sensorineural hearing impairment with a maternal inheritance pattern and ototoxicity from treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics. The 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene does not seem to be a major cause of deafness in families with late-onset non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss in our area.

S0001651902783490

Incidence of the mutations a1555g in the mitochondrial dna and 35delg in the gjb2 gene (connexin-26) in families with late-onset non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss from cantabria

Key words Sensorineural hearing loss Hereditary Non-syndromic hearing loss

Abstract Introduction <dis>Sensorineural deafness</dis> is a very common disorder in humans, which affects approximately 10% of the population. Genetic causes are suggested to be responsible for more than half of the cases. The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene and the 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene are the most common mutations for <dis>sensorineural deafness</dis> in the Spanish population. Methods A genetic study was carried out in order to determine the frequency of the mutations A1555G in the mitochondrial DNA and 35delG in the connexin-26 gene in 21 patients from 21 non-consanguineous unrelated families affected by <dis>late- onset bilateral non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss</dis> from Cantabria. Results The A1555G mutation was found in 6 patients. Five of these 6 patients had been treated with aminoglycosides. In all of them the <dis>auditory impairment</dis> affected mainly the high frequencies. The 35delG mutation was not found in any of the patients. Conclusions The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial DNA has been found to be the most common amongst the Cantabrian population. The A1555G mutation should be suspected in those members of families affected by <dis>sensorineural hearing impairment</dis> with a maternal inheritance pattern and ototoxicity from treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics. The 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene does not seem to be a major cause of <dis>deafness</dis> in families with <dis>late-onset non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss</dis> in our area.

Abstract Introduction Sensorineural deafness is a very common disorder in humans, which affects approximately 10% of the population. Genetic causes are suggested to be responsible for more than half of the cases. The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene and the 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene are the most common mutations for sensorineural deafness in the Spanish population. Methods A genetic study was carried out in order to determine the frequency of the mutations A1555G in the mitochondrial DNA and 35delG in the connexin-26 gene in 21 patients from 21 non-consanguineous unrelated families affected by late- onset bilateral non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss from Cantabria. Results The A1555G mutation was found in 6 patients. Five of these 6 patients had been treated with aminoglycosides. In all of them the auditory impairment affected mainly the high frequencies. The 35delG mutation was not found in any of the patients. Conclusions The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial DNA has been found to be the most common amongst the Cantabrian population. The A1555G mutation should be suspected in those members of families affected by sensorineural hearing impairment with a maternal inheritance pattern and ototoxicity from treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics. The 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene does not seem to be a major cause of deafness in families with late-onset non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss in our area.

Objectives Measure the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric syndrome (PMDS) by heteroadministered survey with diagnostic criteria of the American Association of Psychiatry (AAP) present in the DSM-IV. Methods An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was designed with location in the Basic Health Area (BHA) of Porzuna (Ciudad Real). Scope: primary health care; rural setting.

S1138359306732968

Prevalencia de síndrome disfórico premenstrual en población general

Key words premenstrual dysphoric syndrome prevalence primary care

Objectives Measure the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric syndrome (PMDS) by heteroadministered survey with diagnostic criteria of the American Association of Psychiatry (AAP) present in the DSM-IV. Methods An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was designed with location in the Basic Health Area (BHA) of Porzuna (Ciudad Real). Scope: primary health care; rural setting. Target population: all women between 18 and 50 years of age from the BHA (948). A total of 226 were selected by simple random sampling, with automatic and consecutive replacement of those who refused to participate (8). Of these, 21 could not be located or fulfilled exclusion criteria: menopause, gestation, <dis>mental retardation</dis> (11), 186 women finally participating in the study. These women were administered a heteroadministered survey, collecting information regarding the AAP criteria for the diagnosis of PMDS during the last year and sociodemographic, comorbidity and pharmacological treatment data. Results A total of 84.33% of those surveyed had some type of premenstrual discomfort, these being moderate (at least one symptom during all or most of the cycles of the last year) in 69.73% and intense (5 or more symptoms in most of the cycles but without affecting work, social or family life) in 8.11% Prevalence of PMDS found according to AAP criteria is 6.49% (n = 12; 95% CI: 2.95 - 10.03%). Conclusions Prevalence of PMDS found in our population agrees with the data published in international studies (2.5 - 14%) and moves away from the prevalences published in our country (20.6 - 28.6%) with self-applied surveys.

Objectives Measure the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric syndrome (PMDS) by heteroadministered survey with diagnostic criteria of the American Association of Psychiatry (AAP) present in the DSM-IV. Methods An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was designed with location in the Basic Health Area (BHA) of Porzuna (Ciudad Real). Scope: primary health care; rural setting. Target population: all women between 18 and 50 years of age from the BHA (948). A total of 226 were selected by simple random sampling, with automatic and consecutive replacement of those who refused to participate (8). Of these, 21 could not be located or fulfilled exclusion criteria: menopause, gestation, mental retardation (11), 186 women finally participating in the study. These women were administered a heteroadministered survey, collecting information regarding the AAP criteria for the diagnosis of PMDS during the last year and sociodemographic, comorbidity and pharmacological treatment data. Results A total of 84.33% of those surveyed had some type of premenstrual discomfort, these being moderate (at least one symptom during all or most of the cycles of the last year) in 69.73% and intense (5 or more symptoms in most of the cycles but without affecting work, social or family life) in 8.11% Prevalence of PMDS found according to AAP criteria is 6.49% (n = 12; 95% CI: 2.95 - 10.03%). Conclusions Prevalence of PMDS found in our population agrees with the data published in international studies (2.5 - 14%) and moves away from the prevalences published in our country (20.6 - 28.6%) with self-applied surveys.

Target population: all women between 18 and 50 years of age from the BHA (948). A total of 226 were selected by simple random sampling, with automatic and consecutive replacement of those who refused to participate (8). Of these, 21 could not be located or fulfilled exclusion criteria: menopause, gestation, mental retardation (11), 186 women finally participating in the study.

S1138359306732968

Prevalencia de síndrome disfórico premenstrual en población general

Key words premenstrual dysphoric syndrome prevalence primary care

Objectives Measure the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric syndrome (PMDS) by heteroadministered survey with diagnostic criteria of the American Association of Psychiatry (AAP) present in the DSM-IV. Methods An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was designed with location in the Basic Health Area (BHA) of Porzuna (Ciudad Real). Scope: primary health care; rural setting. Target population: all women between 18 and 50 years of age from the BHA (948). A total of 226 were selected by simple random sampling, with automatic and consecutive replacement of those who refused to participate (8). Of these, 21 could not be located or fulfilled exclusion criteria: menopause, gestation, <dis>mental retardation</dis> (11), 186 women finally participating in the study. These women were administered a heteroadministered survey, collecting information regarding the AAP criteria for the diagnosis of PMDS during the last year and sociodemographic, comorbidity and pharmacological treatment data. Results A total of 84.33% of those surveyed had some type of premenstrual discomfort, these being moderate (at least one symptom during all or most of the cycles of the last year) in 69.73% and intense (5 or more symptoms in most of the cycles but without affecting work, social or family life) in 8.11% Prevalence of PMDS found according to AAP criteria is 6.49% (n = 12; 95% CI: 2.95 - 10.03%). Conclusions Prevalence of PMDS found in our population agrees with the data published in international studies (2.5 - 14%) and moves away from the prevalences published in our country (20.6 - 28.6%) with self-applied surveys.

Objectives Measure the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric syndrome (PMDS) by heteroadministered survey with diagnostic criteria of the American Association of Psychiatry (AAP) present in the DSM-IV. Methods An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was designed with location in the Basic Health Area (BHA) of Porzuna (Ciudad Real). Scope: primary health care; rural setting. Target population: all women between 18 and 50 years of age from the BHA (948). A total of 226 were selected by simple random sampling, with automatic and consecutive replacement of those who refused to participate (8). Of these, 21 could not be located or fulfilled exclusion criteria: menopause, gestation, mental retardation (11), 186 women finally participating in the study. These women were administered a heteroadministered survey, collecting information regarding the AAP criteria for the diagnosis of PMDS during the last year and sociodemographic, comorbidity and pharmacological treatment data. Results A total of 84.33% of those surveyed had some type of premenstrual discomfort, these being moderate (at least one symptom during all or most of the cycles of the last year) in 69.73% and intense (5 or more symptoms in most of the cycles but without affecting work, social or family life) in 8.11% Prevalence of PMDS found according to AAP criteria is 6.49% (n = 12; 95% CI: 2.95 - 10.03%). Conclusions Prevalence of PMDS found in our population agrees with the data published in international studies (2.5 - 14%) and moves away from the prevalences published in our country (20.6 - 28.6%) with self-applied surveys.

These women were administered a heteroadministered survey, collecting information regarding the AAP criteria for the diagnosis of PMDS during the last year and sociodemographic, comorbidity and pharmacological treatment data.

S1138359306732968

Prevalencia de síndrome disfórico premenstrual en población general

Key words premenstrual dysphoric syndrome prevalence primary care

Objectives Measure the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric syndrome (PMDS) by heteroadministered survey with diagnostic criteria of the American Association of Psychiatry (AAP) present in the DSM-IV. Methods An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was designed with location in the Basic Health Area (BHA) of Porzuna (Ciudad Real). Scope: primary health care; rural setting. Target population: all women between 18 and 50 years of age from the BHA (948). A total of 226 were selected by simple random sampling, with automatic and consecutive replacement of those who refused to participate (8). Of these, 21 could not be located or fulfilled exclusion criteria: menopause, gestation, <dis>mental retardation</dis> (11), 186 women finally participating in the study. These women were administered a heteroadministered survey, collecting information regarding the AAP criteria for the diagnosis of PMDS during the last year and sociodemographic, comorbidity and pharmacological treatment data. Results A total of 84.33% of those surveyed had some type of premenstrual discomfort, these being moderate (at least one symptom during all or most of the cycles of the last year) in 69.73% and intense (5 or more symptoms in most of the cycles but without affecting work, social or family life) in 8.11% Prevalence of PMDS found according to AAP criteria is 6.49% (n = 12; 95% CI: 2.95 - 10.03%). Conclusions Prevalence of PMDS found in our population agrees with the data published in international studies (2.5 - 14%) and moves away from the prevalences published in our country (20.6 - 28.6%) with self-applied surveys.

Objectives Measure the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric syndrome (PMDS) by heteroadministered survey with diagnostic criteria of the American Association of Psychiatry (AAP) present in the DSM-IV. Methods An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was designed with location in the Basic Health Area (BHA) of Porzuna (Ciudad Real). Scope: primary health care; rural setting. Target population: all women between 18 and 50 years of age from the BHA (948). A total of 226 were selected by simple random sampling, with automatic and consecutive replacement of those who refused to participate (8). Of these, 21 could not be located or fulfilled exclusion criteria: menopause, gestation, mental retardation (11), 186 women finally participating in the study. These women were administered a heteroadministered survey, collecting information regarding the AAP criteria for the diagnosis of PMDS during the last year and sociodemographic, comorbidity and pharmacological treatment data. Results A total of 84.33% of those surveyed had some type of premenstrual discomfort, these being moderate (at least one symptom during all or most of the cycles of the last year) in 69.73% and intense (5 or more symptoms in most of the cycles but without affecting work, social or family life) in 8.11% Prevalence of PMDS found according to AAP criteria is 6.49% (n = 12; 95% CI: 2.95 - 10.03%). Conclusions Prevalence of PMDS found in our population agrees with the data published in international studies (2.5 - 14%) and moves away from the prevalences published in our country (20.6 - 28.6%) with self-applied surveys.

Results A total of 84.33% of those surveyed had some type of premenstrual discomfort, these being moderate (at least one symptom during all or most of the cycles of the last year) in 69.73% and intense (5 or more symptoms in most of the cycles but without affecting work, social or family life) in 8.11% Prevalence of PMDS found according to AAP criteria is 6.49% (n = 12; 95% CI: 2.95 - 10.03%).

S1138359306732968

Prevalencia de síndrome disfórico premenstrual en población general

Key words premenstrual dysphoric syndrome prevalence primary care

Objectives Measure the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric syndrome (PMDS) by heteroadministered survey with diagnostic criteria of the American Association of Psychiatry (AAP) present in the DSM-IV. Methods An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was designed with location in the Basic Health Area (BHA) of Porzuna (Ciudad Real). Scope: primary health care; rural setting. Target population: all women between 18 and 50 years of age from the BHA (948). A total of 226 were selected by simple random sampling, with automatic and consecutive replacement of those who refused to participate (8). Of these, 21 could not be located or fulfilled exclusion criteria: menopause, gestation, <dis>mental retardation</dis> (11), 186 women finally participating in the study. These women were administered a heteroadministered survey, collecting information regarding the AAP criteria for the diagnosis of PMDS during the last year and sociodemographic, comorbidity and pharmacological treatment data. Results A total of 84.33% of those surveyed had some type of premenstrual discomfort, these being moderate (at least one symptom during all or most of the cycles of the last year) in 69.73% and intense (5 or more symptoms in most of the cycles but without affecting work, social or family life) in 8.11% Prevalence of PMDS found according to AAP criteria is 6.49% (n = 12; 95% CI: 2.95 - 10.03%). Conclusions Prevalence of PMDS found in our population agrees with the data published in international studies (2.5 - 14%) and moves away from the prevalences published in our country (20.6 - 28.6%) with self-applied surveys.

Objectives Measure the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric syndrome (PMDS) by heteroadministered survey with diagnostic criteria of the American Association of Psychiatry (AAP) present in the DSM-IV. Methods An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was designed with location in the Basic Health Area (BHA) of Porzuna (Ciudad Real). Scope: primary health care; rural setting. Target population: all women between 18 and 50 years of age from the BHA (948). A total of 226 were selected by simple random sampling, with automatic and consecutive replacement of those who refused to participate (8). Of these, 21 could not be located or fulfilled exclusion criteria: menopause, gestation, mental retardation (11), 186 women finally participating in the study. These women were administered a heteroadministered survey, collecting information regarding the AAP criteria for the diagnosis of PMDS during the last year and sociodemographic, comorbidity and pharmacological treatment data. Results A total of 84.33% of those surveyed had some type of premenstrual discomfort, these being moderate (at least one symptom during all or most of the cycles of the last year) in 69.73% and intense (5 or more symptoms in most of the cycles but without affecting work, social or family life) in 8.11% Prevalence of PMDS found according to AAP criteria is 6.49% (n = 12; 95% CI: 2.95 - 10.03%). Conclusions Prevalence of PMDS found in our population agrees with the data published in international studies (2.5 - 14%) and moves away from the prevalences published in our country (20.6 - 28.6%) with self-applied surveys.

Conclusions Prevalence of PMDS found in our population agrees with the data published in international studies (2.5 - 14%) and moves away from the prevalences published in our country (20.6 - 28.6%) with self-applied surveys.

S1138359306732968

Prevalencia de síndrome disfórico premenstrual en población general

Key words premenstrual dysphoric syndrome prevalence primary care

Objectives Measure the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric syndrome (PMDS) by heteroadministered survey with diagnostic criteria of the American Association of Psychiatry (AAP) present in the DSM-IV. Methods An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was designed with location in the Basic Health Area (BHA) of Porzuna (Ciudad Real). Scope: primary health care; rural setting. Target population: all women between 18 and 50 years of age from the BHA (948). A total of 226 were selected by simple random sampling, with automatic and consecutive replacement of those who refused to participate (8). Of these, 21 could not be located or fulfilled exclusion criteria: menopause, gestation, <dis>mental retardation</dis> (11), 186 women finally participating in the study. These women were administered a heteroadministered survey, collecting information regarding the AAP criteria for the diagnosis of PMDS during the last year and sociodemographic, comorbidity and pharmacological treatment data. Results A total of 84.33% of those surveyed had some type of premenstrual discomfort, these being moderate (at least one symptom during all or most of the cycles of the last year) in 69.73% and intense (5 or more symptoms in most of the cycles but without affecting work, social or family life) in 8.11% Prevalence of PMDS found according to AAP criteria is 6.49% (n = 12; 95% CI: 2.95 - 10.03%). Conclusions Prevalence of PMDS found in our population agrees with the data published in international studies (2.5 - 14%) and moves away from the prevalences published in our country (20.6 - 28.6%) with self-applied surveys.

Objectives Measure the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric syndrome (PMDS) by heteroadministered survey with diagnostic criteria of the American Association of Psychiatry (AAP) present in the DSM-IV. Methods An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was designed with location in the Basic Health Area (BHA) of Porzuna (Ciudad Real). Scope: primary health care; rural setting. Target population: all women between 18 and 50 years of age from the BHA (948). A total of 226 were selected by simple random sampling, with automatic and consecutive replacement of those who refused to participate (8). Of these, 21 could not be located or fulfilled exclusion criteria: menopause, gestation, mental retardation (11), 186 women finally participating in the study. These women were administered a heteroadministered survey, collecting information regarding the AAP criteria for the diagnosis of PMDS during the last year and sociodemographic, comorbidity and pharmacological treatment data. Results A total of 84.33% of those surveyed had some type of premenstrual discomfort, these being moderate (at least one symptom during all or most of the cycles of the last year) in 69.73% and intense (5 or more symptoms in most of the cycles but without affecting work, social or family life) in 8.11% Prevalence of PMDS found according to AAP criteria is 6.49% (n = 12; 95% CI: 2.95 - 10.03%). Conclusions Prevalence of PMDS found in our population agrees with the data published in international studies (2.5 - 14%) and moves away from the prevalences published in our country (20.6 - 28.6%) with self-applied surveys.

Diogenes syndrome is a behavioural disorder of the elderly. Symptoms include social isolation, domestic squalor, hoarding rubbish, self-neglect, and refusing external help. According to the literature, approximately half of the patients with this syndrome have a mental disorder.

S1134593408711291

Clinical forms of Diogenes syndrome. Three cases report

Key words Diogenes syndrome Self-neglect Elderly

Diogenes syndrome is a <dis>behavioural disorder</dis> of the elderly. Symptoms include social isolation, domestic squalor, hoarding rubbish, self-neglect, and refusing external help. According to the literature, approximately half of the patients with this syndrome have a <dis>mental disorder</dis>. We report 3 cases of Diogenes syndrome representing 3 different clinical forms: the primary type, associated with a <dis>personality disorder</dis>, the secondary type due to <dis>dementia</dis>, and the secondary type associated with different <dis>mental disorders</dis> (e.g., schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, alcohol dependence).

Diogenes syndrome is a behavioural disorder of the elderly. Symptoms include social isolation, domestic squalor, hoarding rubbish, self-neglect, and refusing external help. According to the literature, approximately half of the patients with this syndrome have a mental disorder. We report 3 cases of Diogenes syndrome representing 3 different clinical forms: the primary type, associated with a personality disorder, the secondary type due to dementia, and the secondary type associated with different mental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, alcohol dependence).

We report 3 cases of Diogenes syndrome representing 3 different clinical forms: the primary type, associated with a personality disorder, the secondary type due to dementia, and the secondary type associated with different mental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, alcohol dependence).

S1134593408711291

Clinical forms of Diogenes syndrome. Three cases report

Key words Diogenes syndrome Self-neglect Elderly

Diogenes syndrome is a <dis>behavioural disorder</dis> of the elderly. Symptoms include social isolation, domestic squalor, hoarding rubbish, self-neglect, and refusing external help. According to the literature, approximately half of the patients with this syndrome have a <dis>mental disorder</dis>. We report 3 cases of Diogenes syndrome representing 3 different clinical forms: the primary type, associated with a <dis>personality disorder</dis>, the secondary type due to <dis>dementia</dis>, and the secondary type associated with different <dis>mental disorders</dis> (e.g., schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, alcohol dependence).

Diogenes syndrome is a behavioural disorder of the elderly. Symptoms include social isolation, domestic squalor, hoarding rubbish, self-neglect, and refusing external help. According to the literature, approximately half of the patients with this syndrome have a mental disorder. We report 3 cases of Diogenes syndrome representing 3 different clinical forms: the primary type, associated with a personality disorder, the secondary type due to dementia, and the secondary type associated with different mental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, alcohol dependence).

Introduction Medically unexplained symptoms are defined as physical symptoms that have been present for several weeks and that an adequate medical evaluation has not revealed any disease that explains them; when these symptoms become persistent, they lead to comprehensive clinical investigations and multiple interventions.

S0034745017301166

Sociodemographic Characterization and Psychiatric Symptoms of Patients With Medically Unexplained Symptoms in a Healthcare Institution in Medellin (Colombia)

Keywords Medically unexplained symptoms Depression Anxiety Child abuse Domestic violence Sexual violence Exposure to violence

Introduction Medically unexplained symptoms are defined as physical symptoms that have been present for several weeks and that an adequate medical evaluation has not revealed any disease that explains them; when these symptoms become persistent, they lead to comprehensive clinical investigations and multiple interventions. These patients have a greater or at least comparable commitment to physical functioning, mental health, and negative health perception than patients with multiple chronic medical conditions; have significantly more stressful life events (psychological, physical and/or sexual abuse) and are more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depression. Objective To characterize sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics of a group of patients identified in primary care with medically unexplained symptoms. Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional study with patients from 18 to 70 years old who were given PHQ-15, PHQ-9 and PHQ for anxiety, and a survey designed for the study. Results 36 patients were analysed, 94.4% women, median age 45 [RIC, 20] years-old, 33.3% married, 91.7% had children. 55% had severe functional somatic symptoms, 77.8% had one or more <dis>functional somatic disorders</dis>, and 77.7% had clinically relevant affective or anxiety symptoms. 25% of the patients reported a history of child abuse, 41.7% were mistreated by a partner, and 41.6% were victims of the Colombian armed conflict. Conclusions The main finding of this study was that 8 out of 10 patients met criteria for a <dis>functional somatic disorder with great symptomatic severity</dis> and three out of ten patients met criteria for two <dis>functional disorders</dis>, most of these patients without other basic medical diseases. In addition, we found a high prevalence of exposure to different types of violence that these patients have been subjected to throughout their life.

Introduction Medically unexplained symptoms are defined as physical symptoms that have been present for several weeks and that an adequate medical evaluation has not revealed any disease that explains them; when these symptoms become persistent, they lead to comprehensive clinical investigations and multiple interventions. These patients have a greater or at least comparable commitment to physical functioning, mental health, and negative health perception than patients with multiple chronic medical conditions; have significantly more stressful life events (psychological, physical and/or sexual abuse) and are more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depression. Objective To characterize sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics of a group of patients identified in primary care with medically unexplained symptoms. Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional study with patients from 18 to 70 years old who were given PHQ-15, PHQ-9 and PHQ for anxiety, and a survey designed for the study. Results 36 patients were analysed, 94.4% women, median age 45 [RIC, 20] years-old, 33.3% married, 91.7% had children. 55% had severe functional somatic symptoms, 77.8% had one or more functional somatic disorders, and 77.7% had clinically relevant affective or anxiety symptoms. 25% of the patients reported a history of child abuse, 41.7% were mistreated by a partner, and 41.6% were victims of the Colombian armed conflict. Conclusions The main finding of this study was that 8 out of 10 patients met criteria for a functional somatic disorder with great symptomatic severity and three out of ten patients met criteria for two functional disorders, most of these patients without other basic medical diseases. In addition, we found a high prevalence of exposure to different types of violence that these patients have been subjected to throughout their life.

These patients have a greater or at least comparable commitment to physical functioning, mental health, and negative health perception than patients with multiple chronic medical conditions; have significantly more stressful life events (psychological, physical and/or sexual abuse) and are more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depression. Objective To characterize sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics of a group of patients identified in primary care with medically unexplained symptoms.

S0034745017301166

Sociodemographic Characterization and Psychiatric Symptoms of Patients With Medically Unexplained Symptoms in a Healthcare Institution in Medellin (Colombia)

Keywords Medically unexplained symptoms Depression Anxiety Child abuse Domestic violence Sexual violence Exposure to violence

Introduction Medically unexplained symptoms are defined as physical symptoms that have been present for several weeks and that an adequate medical evaluation has not revealed any disease that explains them; when these symptoms become persistent, they lead to comprehensive clinical investigations and multiple interventions. These patients have a greater or at least comparable commitment to physical functioning, mental health, and negative health perception than patients with multiple chronic medical conditions; have significantly more stressful life events (psychological, physical and/or sexual abuse) and are more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depression. Objective To characterize sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics of a group of patients identified in primary care with medically unexplained symptoms. Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional study with patients from 18 to 70 years old who were given PHQ-15, PHQ-9 and PHQ for anxiety, and a survey designed for the study. Results 36 patients were analysed, 94.4% women, median age 45 [RIC, 20] years-old, 33.3% married, 91.7% had children. 55% had severe functional somatic symptoms, 77.8% had one or more <dis>functional somatic disorders</dis>, and 77.7% had clinically relevant affective or anxiety symptoms. 25% of the patients reported a history of child abuse, 41.7% were mistreated by a partner, and 41.6% were victims of the Colombian armed conflict. Conclusions The main finding of this study was that 8 out of 10 patients met criteria for a <dis>functional somatic disorder with great symptomatic severity</dis> and three out of ten patients met criteria for two <dis>functional disorders</dis>, most of these patients without other basic medical diseases. In addition, we found a high prevalence of exposure to different types of violence that these patients have been subjected to throughout their life.

Introduction Medically unexplained symptoms are defined as physical symptoms that have been present for several weeks and that an adequate medical evaluation has not revealed any disease that explains them; when these symptoms become persistent, they lead to comprehensive clinical investigations and multiple interventions. These patients have a greater or at least comparable commitment to physical functioning, mental health, and negative health perception than patients with multiple chronic medical conditions; have significantly more stressful life events (psychological, physical and/or sexual abuse) and are more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depression. Objective To characterize sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics of a group of patients identified in primary care with medically unexplained symptoms. Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional study with patients from 18 to 70 years old who were given PHQ-15, PHQ-9 and PHQ for anxiety, and a survey designed for the study. Results 36 patients were analysed, 94.4% women, median age 45 [RIC, 20] years-old, 33.3% married, 91.7% had children. 55% had severe functional somatic symptoms, 77.8% had one or more functional somatic disorders, and 77.7% had clinically relevant affective or anxiety symptoms. 25% of the patients reported a history of child abuse, 41.7% were mistreated by a partner, and 41.6% were victims of the Colombian armed conflict. Conclusions The main finding of this study was that 8 out of 10 patients met criteria for a functional somatic disorder with great symptomatic severity and three out of ten patients met criteria for two functional disorders, most of these patients without other basic medical diseases. In addition, we found a high prevalence of exposure to different types of violence that these patients have been subjected to throughout their life.

Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional study with patients from 18 to 70 years old who were given PHQ-15, PHQ-9 and PHQ for anxiety, and a survey designed for the study. Results 36 patients were analysed, 94.4% women, median age 45 [RIC, 20] years-old, 33.3% married, 91.7% had children.

S0034745017301166

Sociodemographic Characterization and Psychiatric Symptoms of Patients With Medically Unexplained Symptoms in a Healthcare Institution in Medellin (Colombia)

Keywords Medically unexplained symptoms Depression Anxiety Child abuse Domestic violence Sexual violence Exposure to violence

Introduction Medically unexplained symptoms are defined as physical symptoms that have been present for several weeks and that an adequate medical evaluation has not revealed any disease that explains them; when these symptoms become persistent, they lead to comprehensive clinical investigations and multiple interventions. These patients have a greater or at least comparable commitment to physical functioning, mental health, and negative health perception than patients with multiple chronic medical conditions; have significantly more stressful life events (psychological, physical and/or sexual abuse) and are more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depression. Objective To characterize sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics of a group of patients identified in primary care with medically unexplained symptoms. Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional study with patients from 18 to 70 years old who were given PHQ-15, PHQ-9 and PHQ for anxiety, and a survey designed for the study. Results 36 patients were analysed, 94.4% women, median age 45 [RIC, 20] years-old, 33.3% married, 91.7% had children. 55% had severe functional somatic symptoms, 77.8% had one or more <dis>functional somatic disorders</dis>, and 77.7% had clinically relevant affective or anxiety symptoms. 25% of the patients reported a history of child abuse, 41.7% were mistreated by a partner, and 41.6% were victims of the Colombian armed conflict. Conclusions The main finding of this study was that 8 out of 10 patients met criteria for a <dis>functional somatic disorder with great symptomatic severity</dis> and three out of ten patients met criteria for two <dis>functional disorders</dis>, most of these patients without other basic medical diseases. In addition, we found a high prevalence of exposure to different types of violence that these patients have been subjected to throughout their life.

Introduction Medically unexplained symptoms are defined as physical symptoms that have been present for several weeks and that an adequate medical evaluation has not revealed any disease that explains them; when these symptoms become persistent, they lead to comprehensive clinical investigations and multiple interventions. These patients have a greater or at least comparable commitment to physical functioning, mental health, and negative health perception than patients with multiple chronic medical conditions; have significantly more stressful life events (psychological, physical and/or sexual abuse) and are more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depression. Objective To characterize sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics of a group of patients identified in primary care with medically unexplained symptoms. Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional study with patients from 18 to 70 years old who were given PHQ-15, PHQ-9 and PHQ for anxiety, and a survey designed for the study. Results 36 patients were analysed, 94.4% women, median age 45 [RIC, 20] years-old, 33.3% married, 91.7% had children. 55% had severe functional somatic symptoms, 77.8% had one or more functional somatic disorders, and 77.7% had clinically relevant affective or anxiety symptoms. 25% of the patients reported a history of child abuse, 41.7% were mistreated by a partner, and 41.6% were victims of the Colombian armed conflict. Conclusions The main finding of this study was that 8 out of 10 patients met criteria for a functional somatic disorder with great symptomatic severity and three out of ten patients met criteria for two functional disorders, most of these patients without other basic medical diseases. In addition, we found a high prevalence of exposure to different types of violence that these patients have been subjected to throughout their life.

55% had severe functional somatic symptoms, 77.8% had one or more functional somatic disorders, and 77.7% had clinically relevant affective or anxiety symptoms. 25% of the patients reported a history of child abuse, 41.7% were mistreated by a partner, and 41.6% were victims of the Colombian armed conflict.

S0034745017301166

Sociodemographic Characterization and Psychiatric Symptoms of Patients With Medically Unexplained Symptoms in a Healthcare Institution in Medellin (Colombia)

Keywords Medically unexplained symptoms Depression Anxiety Child abuse Domestic violence Sexual violence Exposure to violence

Introduction Medically unexplained symptoms are defined as physical symptoms that have been present for several weeks and that an adequate medical evaluation has not revealed any disease that explains them; when these symptoms become persistent, they lead to comprehensive clinical investigations and multiple interventions. These patients have a greater or at least comparable commitment to physical functioning, mental health, and negative health perception than patients with multiple chronic medical conditions; have significantly more stressful life events (psychological, physical and/or sexual abuse) and are more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depression. Objective To characterize sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics of a group of patients identified in primary care with medically unexplained symptoms. Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional study with patients from 18 to 70 years old who were given PHQ-15, PHQ-9 and PHQ for anxiety, and a survey designed for the study. Results 36 patients were analysed, 94.4% women, median age 45 [RIC, 20] years-old, 33.3% married, 91.7% had children. 55% had severe functional somatic symptoms, 77.8% had one or more <dis>functional somatic disorders</dis>, and 77.7% had clinically relevant affective or anxiety symptoms. 25% of the patients reported a history of child abuse, 41.7% were mistreated by a partner, and 41.6% were victims of the Colombian armed conflict. Conclusions The main finding of this study was that 8 out of 10 patients met criteria for a <dis>functional somatic disorder with great symptomatic severity</dis> and three out of ten patients met criteria for two <dis>functional disorders</dis>, most of these patients without other basic medical diseases. In addition, we found a high prevalence of exposure to different types of violence that these patients have been subjected to throughout their life.

Introduction Medically unexplained symptoms are defined as physical symptoms that have been present for several weeks and that an adequate medical evaluation has not revealed any disease that explains them; when these symptoms become persistent, they lead to comprehensive clinical investigations and multiple interventions. These patients have a greater or at least comparable commitment to physical functioning, mental health, and negative health perception than patients with multiple chronic medical conditions; have significantly more stressful life events (psychological, physical and/or sexual abuse) and are more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depression. Objective To characterize sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics of a group of patients identified in primary care with medically unexplained symptoms. Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional study with patients from 18 to 70 years old who were given PHQ-15, PHQ-9 and PHQ for anxiety, and a survey designed for the study. Results 36 patients were analysed, 94.4% women, median age 45 [RIC, 20] years-old, 33.3% married, 91.7% had children. 55% had severe functional somatic symptoms, 77.8% had one or more functional somatic disorders, and 77.7% had clinically relevant affective or anxiety symptoms. 25% of the patients reported a history of child abuse, 41.7% were mistreated by a partner, and 41.6% were victims of the Colombian armed conflict. Conclusions The main finding of this study was that 8 out of 10 patients met criteria for a functional somatic disorder with great symptomatic severity and three out of ten patients met criteria for two functional disorders, most of these patients without other basic medical diseases. In addition, we found a high prevalence of exposure to different types of violence that these patients have been subjected to throughout their life.

Conclusions The main finding of this study was that 8 out of 10 patients met criteria for a functional somatic disorder with great symptomatic severity and three out of ten patients met criteria for two functional disorders, most of these patients without other basic medical diseases. In addition, we found a high prevalence of exposure to different types of violence that these patients have been subjected to throughout their life.

S0034745017301166

Sociodemographic Characterization and Psychiatric Symptoms of Patients With Medically Unexplained Symptoms in a Healthcare Institution in Medellin (Colombia)

Keywords Medically unexplained symptoms Depression Anxiety Child abuse Domestic violence Sexual violence Exposure to violence

Introduction Medically unexplained symptoms are defined as physical symptoms that have been present for several weeks and that an adequate medical evaluation has not revealed any disease that explains them; when these symptoms become persistent, they lead to comprehensive clinical investigations and multiple interventions. These patients have a greater or at least comparable commitment to physical functioning, mental health, and negative health perception than patients with multiple chronic medical conditions; have significantly more stressful life events (psychological, physical and/or sexual abuse) and are more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depression. Objective To characterize sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics of a group of patients identified in primary care with medically unexplained symptoms. Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional study with patients from 18 to 70 years old who were given PHQ-15, PHQ-9 and PHQ for anxiety, and a survey designed for the study. Results 36 patients were analysed, 94.4% women, median age 45 [RIC, 20] years-old, 33.3% married, 91.7% had children. 55% had severe functional somatic symptoms, 77.8% had one or more <dis>functional somatic disorders</dis>, and 77.7% had clinically relevant affective or anxiety symptoms. 25% of the patients reported a history of child abuse, 41.7% were mistreated by a partner, and 41.6% were victims of the Colombian armed conflict. Conclusions The main finding of this study was that 8 out of 10 patients met criteria for a <dis>functional somatic disorder with great symptomatic severity</dis> and three out of ten patients met criteria for two <dis>functional disorders</dis>, most of these patients without other basic medical diseases. In addition, we found a high prevalence of exposure to different types of violence that these patients have been subjected to throughout their life.

Introduction Medically unexplained symptoms are defined as physical symptoms that have been present for several weeks and that an adequate medical evaluation has not revealed any disease that explains them; when these symptoms become persistent, they lead to comprehensive clinical investigations and multiple interventions. These patients have a greater or at least comparable commitment to physical functioning, mental health, and negative health perception than patients with multiple chronic medical conditions; have significantly more stressful life events (psychological, physical and/or sexual abuse) and are more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depression. Objective To characterize sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics of a group of patients identified in primary care with medically unexplained symptoms. Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional study with patients from 18 to 70 years old who were given PHQ-15, PHQ-9 and PHQ for anxiety, and a survey designed for the study. Results 36 patients were analysed, 94.4% women, median age 45 [RIC, 20] years-old, 33.3% married, 91.7% had children. 55% had severe functional somatic symptoms, 77.8% had one or more functional somatic disorders, and 77.7% had clinically relevant affective or anxiety symptoms. 25% of the patients reported a history of child abuse, 41.7% were mistreated by a partner, and 41.6% were victims of the Colombian armed conflict. Conclusions The main finding of this study was that 8 out of 10 patients met criteria for a functional somatic disorder with great symptomatic severity and three out of ten patients met criteria for two functional disorders, most of these patients without other basic medical diseases. In addition, we found a high prevalence of exposure to different types of violence that these patients have been subjected to throughout their life.

Abstract Introduction We used data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 to report on the burden of neuropsychiatric disorders in Spain. Materials and methods The summary measure of burden used in the study was the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), which sums of the years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) and the years lived with disability (YLDs).

S1888989114001050

The Spanish Burden of Disease 2010: Neurological, mental and substance use disorders

Keywords Burden of disease Neurological disorders Mental disorders Substance use disorders Disability-adjusted life-years Spain

Abstract Introduction We used data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 to report on the burden of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> in Spain. Materials and methods The summary measure of burden used in the study was the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), which sums of the years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) and the years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were adjusted for comorbidity and estimated with 95% uncertainty intervals. Results The burden of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> accounted for 18.4% of total all- cause DALYs generated in Spain for 2010. Within this group, the top five leading causes of DALYs were: depressive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, substance-use disorders, and anxiety disorder, which accounted for 70.9% of all DALYs due to <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis>. Neurological disorders represented 5.03% of total all cause YLLs, whereas <dis>mental and substance-use disorders</dis> accounted for 0.8%. <dis>Mental and substance-use disorders</dis> accounted for 22.4% of total YLDs, with depression being the most disabling disorder. Neurological disorders represented 8.3% of total YLDs. Conclusions <dis>Neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> were one of the leading causes of disability in 2010. This finding contributes to our understanding of the burden of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> in the Spanish population and highlights the importance of prioritising <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> in the Spanish public health system.

Abstract Introduction We used data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 to report on the burden of neuropsychiatric disorders in Spain. Materials and methods The summary measure of burden used in the study was the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), which sums of the years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) and the years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were adjusted for comorbidity and estimated with 95% uncertainty intervals. Results The burden of neuropsychiatric disorders accounted for 18.4% of total all- cause DALYs generated in Spain for 2010. Within this group, the top five leading causes of DALYs were: depressive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, substance-use disorders, and anxiety disorder, which accounted for 70.9% of all DALYs due to neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurological disorders represented 5.03% of total all cause YLLs, whereas mental and substance-use disorders accounted for 0.8%. Mental and substance-use disorders accounted for 22.4% of total YLDs, with depression being the most disabling disorder. Neurological disorders represented 8.3% of total YLDs. Conclusions Neuropsychiatric disorders were one of the leading causes of disability in 2010. This finding contributes to our understanding of the burden of neuropsychiatric disorders in the Spanish population and highlights the importance of prioritising neuropsychiatric disorders in the Spanish public health system.

DALYs were adjusted for comorbidity and estimated with 95% uncertainty intervals. Results The burden of neuropsychiatric disorders accounted for 18.4% of total all- cause DALYs generated in Spain for 2010.

S1888989114001050

The Spanish Burden of Disease 2010: Neurological, mental and substance use disorders

Keywords Burden of disease Neurological disorders Mental disorders Substance use disorders Disability-adjusted life-years Spain

Abstract Introduction We used data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 to report on the burden of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> in Spain. Materials and methods The summary measure of burden used in the study was the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), which sums of the years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) and the years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were adjusted for comorbidity and estimated with 95% uncertainty intervals. Results The burden of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> accounted for 18.4% of total all- cause DALYs generated in Spain for 2010. Within this group, the top five leading causes of DALYs were: depressive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, substance-use disorders, and anxiety disorder, which accounted for 70.9% of all DALYs due to <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis>. Neurological disorders represented 5.03% of total all cause YLLs, whereas <dis>mental and substance-use disorders</dis> accounted for 0.8%. <dis>Mental and substance-use disorders</dis> accounted for 22.4% of total YLDs, with depression being the most disabling disorder. Neurological disorders represented 8.3% of total YLDs. Conclusions <dis>Neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> were one of the leading causes of disability in 2010. This finding contributes to our understanding of the burden of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> in the Spanish population and highlights the importance of prioritising <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> in the Spanish public health system.

Abstract Introduction We used data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 to report on the burden of neuropsychiatric disorders in Spain. Materials and methods The summary measure of burden used in the study was the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), which sums of the years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) and the years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were adjusted for comorbidity and estimated with 95% uncertainty intervals. Results The burden of neuropsychiatric disorders accounted for 18.4% of total all- cause DALYs generated in Spain for 2010. Within this group, the top five leading causes of DALYs were: depressive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, substance-use disorders, and anxiety disorder, which accounted for 70.9% of all DALYs due to neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurological disorders represented 5.03% of total all cause YLLs, whereas mental and substance-use disorders accounted for 0.8%. Mental and substance-use disorders accounted for 22.4% of total YLDs, with depression being the most disabling disorder. Neurological disorders represented 8.3% of total YLDs. Conclusions Neuropsychiatric disorders were one of the leading causes of disability in 2010. This finding contributes to our understanding of the burden of neuropsychiatric disorders in the Spanish population and highlights the importance of prioritising neuropsychiatric disorders in the Spanish public health system.

Within this group, the top five leading causes of DALYs were: depressive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, substance-use disorders, and anxiety disorder, which accounted for 70.9% of all DALYs due to neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurological disorders represented 5.03% of total all cause YLLs, whereas mental and substance-use disorders accounted for 0.8%.

S1888989114001050

The Spanish Burden of Disease 2010: Neurological, mental and substance use disorders

Keywords Burden of disease Neurological disorders Mental disorders Substance use disorders Disability-adjusted life-years Spain

Abstract Introduction We used data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 to report on the burden of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> in Spain. Materials and methods The summary measure of burden used in the study was the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), which sums of the years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) and the years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were adjusted for comorbidity and estimated with 95% uncertainty intervals. Results The burden of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> accounted for 18.4% of total all- cause DALYs generated in Spain for 2010. Within this group, the top five leading causes of DALYs were: depressive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, substance-use disorders, and anxiety disorder, which accounted for 70.9% of all DALYs due to <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis>. Neurological disorders represented 5.03% of total all cause YLLs, whereas <dis>mental and substance-use disorders</dis> accounted for 0.8%. <dis>Mental and substance-use disorders</dis> accounted for 22.4% of total YLDs, with depression being the most disabling disorder. Neurological disorders represented 8.3% of total YLDs. Conclusions <dis>Neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> were one of the leading causes of disability in 2010. This finding contributes to our understanding of the burden of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> in the Spanish population and highlights the importance of prioritising <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> in the Spanish public health system.

Abstract Introduction We used data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 to report on the burden of neuropsychiatric disorders in Spain. Materials and methods The summary measure of burden used in the study was the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), which sums of the years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) and the years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were adjusted for comorbidity and estimated with 95% uncertainty intervals. Results The burden of neuropsychiatric disorders accounted for 18.4% of total all- cause DALYs generated in Spain for 2010. Within this group, the top five leading causes of DALYs were: depressive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, substance-use disorders, and anxiety disorder, which accounted for 70.9% of all DALYs due to neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurological disorders represented 5.03% of total all cause YLLs, whereas mental and substance-use disorders accounted for 0.8%. Mental and substance-use disorders accounted for 22.4% of total YLDs, with depression being the most disabling disorder. Neurological disorders represented 8.3% of total YLDs. Conclusions Neuropsychiatric disorders were one of the leading causes of disability in 2010. This finding contributes to our understanding of the burden of neuropsychiatric disorders in the Spanish population and highlights the importance of prioritising neuropsychiatric disorders in the Spanish public health system.

Mental and substance-use disorders accounted for 22.4% of total YLDs, with depression being the most disabling disorder. Neurological disorders represented 8.3% of total YLDs. Conclusions Neuropsychiatric disorders were one of the leading causes of disability in 2010.

S1888989114001050

The Spanish Burden of Disease 2010: Neurological, mental and substance use disorders

Keywords Burden of disease Neurological disorders Mental disorders Substance use disorders Disability-adjusted life-years Spain

Abstract Introduction We used data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 to report on the burden of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> in Spain. Materials and methods The summary measure of burden used in the study was the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), which sums of the years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) and the years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were adjusted for comorbidity and estimated with 95% uncertainty intervals. Results The burden of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> accounted for 18.4% of total all- cause DALYs generated in Spain for 2010. Within this group, the top five leading causes of DALYs were: depressive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, substance-use disorders, and anxiety disorder, which accounted for 70.9% of all DALYs due to <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis>. Neurological disorders represented 5.03% of total all cause YLLs, whereas <dis>mental and substance-use disorders</dis> accounted for 0.8%. <dis>Mental and substance-use disorders</dis> accounted for 22.4% of total YLDs, with depression being the most disabling disorder. Neurological disorders represented 8.3% of total YLDs. Conclusions <dis>Neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> were one of the leading causes of disability in 2010. This finding contributes to our understanding of the burden of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> in the Spanish population and highlights the importance of prioritising <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> in the Spanish public health system.

Abstract Introduction We used data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 to report on the burden of neuropsychiatric disorders in Spain. Materials and methods The summary measure of burden used in the study was the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), which sums of the years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) and the years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were adjusted for comorbidity and estimated with 95% uncertainty intervals. Results The burden of neuropsychiatric disorders accounted for 18.4% of total all- cause DALYs generated in Spain for 2010. Within this group, the top five leading causes of DALYs were: depressive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, substance-use disorders, and anxiety disorder, which accounted for 70.9% of all DALYs due to neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurological disorders represented 5.03% of total all cause YLLs, whereas mental and substance-use disorders accounted for 0.8%. Mental and substance-use disorders accounted for 22.4% of total YLDs, with depression being the most disabling disorder. Neurological disorders represented 8.3% of total YLDs. Conclusions Neuropsychiatric disorders were one of the leading causes of disability in 2010. This finding contributes to our understanding of the burden of neuropsychiatric disorders in the Spanish population and highlights the importance of prioritising neuropsychiatric disorders in the Spanish public health system.

This finding contributes to our understanding of the burden of neuropsychiatric disorders in the Spanish population and highlights the importance of prioritising neuropsychiatric disorders in the Spanish public health system.

S1888989114001050

The Spanish Burden of Disease 2010: Neurological, mental and substance use disorders

Keywords Burden of disease Neurological disorders Mental disorders Substance use disorders Disability-adjusted life-years Spain

Abstract Introduction We used data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 to report on the burden of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> in Spain. Materials and methods The summary measure of burden used in the study was the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), which sums of the years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) and the years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were adjusted for comorbidity and estimated with 95% uncertainty intervals. Results The burden of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> accounted for 18.4% of total all- cause DALYs generated in Spain for 2010. Within this group, the top five leading causes of DALYs were: depressive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, substance-use disorders, and anxiety disorder, which accounted for 70.9% of all DALYs due to <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis>. Neurological disorders represented 5.03% of total all cause YLLs, whereas <dis>mental and substance-use disorders</dis> accounted for 0.8%. <dis>Mental and substance-use disorders</dis> accounted for 22.4% of total YLDs, with depression being the most disabling disorder. Neurological disorders represented 8.3% of total YLDs. Conclusions <dis>Neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> were one of the leading causes of disability in 2010. This finding contributes to our understanding of the burden of <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> in the Spanish population and highlights the importance of prioritising <dis>neuropsychiatric disorders</dis> in the Spanish public health system.

Abstract Introduction We used data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 to report on the burden of neuropsychiatric disorders in Spain. Materials and methods The summary measure of burden used in the study was the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), which sums of the years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) and the years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were adjusted for comorbidity and estimated with 95% uncertainty intervals. Results The burden of neuropsychiatric disorders accounted for 18.4% of total all- cause DALYs generated in Spain for 2010. Within this group, the top five leading causes of DALYs were: depressive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, substance-use disorders, and anxiety disorder, which accounted for 70.9% of all DALYs due to neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurological disorders represented 5.03% of total all cause YLLs, whereas mental and substance-use disorders accounted for 0.8%. Mental and substance-use disorders accounted for 22.4% of total YLDs, with depression being the most disabling disorder. Neurological disorders represented 8.3% of total YLDs. Conclusions Neuropsychiatric disorders were one of the leading causes of disability in 2010. This finding contributes to our understanding of the burden of neuropsychiatric disorders in the Spanish population and highlights the importance of prioritising neuropsychiatric disorders in the Spanish public health system.

Abstract This is a case report of a papillary thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the parapharyngeal space, that presented with local obstructive symptoms (dysphagia and displacement of the ipsilateral tonsil). The diagnosis was suspected by imaging studies (CT and MRI) but not confirmed until histological examination. It is not common for such tumors to metastasize to the parapharyngeal space.

S0001651905785873

Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid metastatic to the parapharyngeal space

Key words Parapharyngeal mass Nodal metastases Papillary thyroid carcinoma

Abstract This is a case report of a papillary thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the parapharyngeal space, that presented with local obstructive symptoms (<dis>dysphagia</dis> and displacement of the ipsilateral tonsil). The diagnosis was suspected by imaging studies (CT and MRI) but not confirmed until histological examination. It is not common for such tumors to metastasize to the parapharyngeal space. This is the reason why, to our knowledge, there have been described only five similar cases previously.

Abstract This is a case report of a papillary thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the parapharyngeal space, that presented with local obstructive symptoms (dysphagia and displacement of the ipsilateral tonsil). The diagnosis was suspected by imaging studies (CT and MRI) but not confirmed until histological examination. It is not common for such tumors to metastasize to the parapharyngeal space. This is the reason why, to our knowledge, there have been described only five similar cases previously.

This is the reason why, to our knowledge, there have been described only five similar cases previously.

S0001651905785873

Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid metastatic to the parapharyngeal space

Key words Parapharyngeal mass Nodal metastases Papillary thyroid carcinoma

Abstract This is a case report of a papillary thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the parapharyngeal space, that presented with local obstructive symptoms (<dis>dysphagia</dis> and displacement of the ipsilateral tonsil). The diagnosis was suspected by imaging studies (CT and MRI) but not confirmed until histological examination. It is not common for such tumors to metastasize to the parapharyngeal space. This is the reason why, to our knowledge, there have been described only five similar cases previously.

Abstract This is a case report of a papillary thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the parapharyngeal space, that presented with local obstructive symptoms (dysphagia and displacement of the ipsilateral tonsil). The diagnosis was suspected by imaging studies (CT and MRI) but not confirmed until histological examination. It is not common for such tumors to metastasize to the parapharyngeal space. This is the reason why, to our knowledge, there have been described only five similar cases previously.

Objective To describe how relatives of patients admitted to nursing homes qualify death and determine which factors influence this qualification. Method A descriptive and retrospective study. A questionnaire was sent to 52 relatives of deceased patients of 8 nursing homes. The Good Death Inventory (GDI) and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) were used to assess different aspects of patient death; in addition open questions on aspects of end of life decisions were included.

S1134248X17300824

End-of-life process in nursing homes from the relatives’ perspective

Keywords Palliative care Nursing homes Quality of death Family Elderly

Objective To describe how relatives of patients admitted to nursing homes qualify death and determine which factors influence this qualification. Method A descriptive and retrospective study. A questionnaire was sent to 52 relatives of deceased patients of 8 nursing homes. The Good Death Inventory (GDI) and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) were used to assess different aspects of patient death; in addition open questions on aspects of end of life decisions were included. Non-parametric tests were performed to check for differences between the qualification of sociodemographic and clinical variables, physical symptoms, decision making and quality of end of life. Results 34 relatives 34 families responded to the questionnaire. 67.6% women with an average age of 57.03 years (SD=12.35). Most of the deceased patients were women (61.8%) with a mean age of 86 years (SD=7,23). The most severe symptom in the last days of life was depression (m=7.75, SD=2.44). Being respected as an individual“was the dimension that scored best (m=6.01; SD=1.56), and”Independence“worst (m=1.72; SD=1.28). Relatives of patients with <dis>dementia</dis> reported a lower percentage of a good death (23.1% vs. 61.1%, P=.00) than the rest. The dimensions”physical and psychological comfort“(P=.00),”Show Hope and pleasure“(P=.03) and”Feeling that their life is worth living“(P=.01) scored higher in cases which reported a good death. Discussion Almost half of the relatives of patients who died in nursing homes reported a good quality of death. Aspects such as human respect and intimacy were highly rated. <dis>Dementia</dis> is a factor that might be considered in further studies.

Objective To describe how relatives of patients admitted to nursing homes qualify death and determine which factors influence this qualification. Method A descriptive and retrospective study. A questionnaire was sent to 52 relatives of deceased patients of 8 nursing homes. The Good Death Inventory (GDI) and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) were used to assess different aspects of patient death; in addition open questions on aspects of end of life decisions were included. Non-parametric tests were performed to check for differences between the qualification of sociodemographic and clinical variables, physical symptoms, decision making and quality of end of life. Results 34 relatives 34 families responded to the questionnaire. 67.6% women with an average age of 57.03 years (SD=12.35). Most of the deceased patients were women (61.8%) with a mean age of 86 years (SD=7,23). The most severe symptom in the last days of life was depression (m=7.75, SD=2.44). Being respected as an individual“was the dimension that scored best (m=6.01; SD=1.56), and”Independence“worst (m=1.72; SD=1.28). Relatives of patients with dementia reported a lower percentage of a good death (23.1% vs. 61.1%, P=.00) than the rest. The dimensions”physical and psychological comfort“(P=.00),”Show Hope and pleasure“(P=.03) and”Feeling that their life is worth living“(P=.01) scored higher in cases which reported a good death. Discussion Almost half of the relatives of patients who died in nursing homes reported a good quality of death. Aspects such as human respect and intimacy were highly rated. Dementia is a factor that might be considered in further studies.

Non-parametric tests were performed to check for differences between the qualification of sociodemographic and clinical variables, physical symptoms, decision making and quality of end of life. Results 34 relatives 34 families responded to the questionnaire. 67.6% women with an average age of 57.03 years (SD=12.35). Most of the deceased patients were women (61.8%) with a mean age of 86 years (SD=7,23).

S1134248X17300824

End-of-life process in nursing homes from the relatives’ perspective

Keywords Palliative care Nursing homes Quality of death Family Elderly

Objective To describe how relatives of patients admitted to nursing homes qualify death and determine which factors influence this qualification. Method A descriptive and retrospective study. A questionnaire was sent to 52 relatives of deceased patients of 8 nursing homes. The Good Death Inventory (GDI) and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) were used to assess different aspects of patient death; in addition open questions on aspects of end of life decisions were included. Non-parametric tests were performed to check for differences between the qualification of sociodemographic and clinical variables, physical symptoms, decision making and quality of end of life. Results 34 relatives 34 families responded to the questionnaire. 67.6% women with an average age of 57.03 years (SD=12.35). Most of the deceased patients were women (61.8%) with a mean age of 86 years (SD=7,23). The most severe symptom in the last days of life was depression (m=7.75, SD=2.44). Being respected as an individual“was the dimension that scored best (m=6.01; SD=1.56), and”Independence“worst (m=1.72; SD=1.28). Relatives of patients with <dis>dementia</dis> reported a lower percentage of a good death (23.1% vs. 61.1%, P=.00) than the rest. The dimensions”physical and psychological comfort“(P=.00),”Show Hope and pleasure“(P=.03) and”Feeling that their life is worth living“(P=.01) scored higher in cases which reported a good death. Discussion Almost half of the relatives of patients who died in nursing homes reported a good quality of death. Aspects such as human respect and intimacy were highly rated. <dis>Dementia</dis> is a factor that might be considered in further studies.

Objective To describe how relatives of patients admitted to nursing homes qualify death and determine which factors influence this qualification. Method A descriptive and retrospective study. A questionnaire was sent to 52 relatives of deceased patients of 8 nursing homes. The Good Death Inventory (GDI) and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) were used to assess different aspects of patient death; in addition open questions on aspects of end of life decisions were included. Non-parametric tests were performed to check for differences between the qualification of sociodemographic and clinical variables, physical symptoms, decision making and quality of end of life. Results 34 relatives 34 families responded to the questionnaire. 67.6% women with an average age of 57.03 years (SD=12.35). Most of the deceased patients were women (61.8%) with a mean age of 86 years (SD=7,23). The most severe symptom in the last days of life was depression (m=7.75, SD=2.44). Being respected as an individual“was the dimension that scored best (m=6.01; SD=1.56), and”Independence“worst (m=1.72; SD=1.28). Relatives of patients with dementia reported a lower percentage of a good death (23.1% vs. 61.1%, P=.00) than the rest. The dimensions”physical and psychological comfort“(P=.00),”Show Hope and pleasure“(P=.03) and”Feeling that their life is worth living“(P=.01) scored higher in cases which reported a good death. Discussion Almost half of the relatives of patients who died in nursing homes reported a good quality of death. Aspects such as human respect and intimacy were highly rated. Dementia is a factor that might be considered in further studies.

The most severe symptom in the last days of life was depression (m=7.75, SD=2.44). Being respected as an individual“was the dimension that scored best (m=6.01; SD=1.56), and”Independence“worst (m=1.72; SD=1.28). Relatives of patients with dementia reported a lower percentage of a good death (23.1% vs. 61.1%, P=.00) than the rest.

S1134248X17300824

End-of-life process in nursing homes from the relatives’ perspective

Keywords Palliative care Nursing homes Quality of death Family Elderly

Objective To describe how relatives of patients admitted to nursing homes qualify death and determine which factors influence this qualification. Method A descriptive and retrospective study. A questionnaire was sent to 52 relatives of deceased patients of 8 nursing homes. The Good Death Inventory (GDI) and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) were used to assess different aspects of patient death; in addition open questions on aspects of end of life decisions were included. Non-parametric tests were performed to check for differences between the qualification of sociodemographic and clinical variables, physical symptoms, decision making and quality of end of life. Results 34 relatives 34 families responded to the questionnaire. 67.6% women with an average age of 57.03 years (SD=12.35). Most of the deceased patients were women (61.8%) with a mean age of 86 years (SD=7,23). The most severe symptom in the last days of life was depression (m=7.75, SD=2.44). Being respected as an individual“was the dimension that scored best (m=6.01; SD=1.56), and”Independence“worst (m=1.72; SD=1.28). Relatives of patients with <dis>dementia</dis> reported a lower percentage of a good death (23.1% vs. 61.1%, P=.00) than the rest. The dimensions”physical and psychological comfort“(P=.00),”Show Hope and pleasure“(P=.03) and”Feeling that their life is worth living“(P=.01) scored higher in cases which reported a good death. Discussion Almost half of the relatives of patients who died in nursing homes reported a good quality of death. Aspects such as human respect and intimacy were highly rated. <dis>Dementia</dis> is a factor that might be considered in further studies.

Objective To describe how relatives of patients admitted to nursing homes qualify death and determine which factors influence this qualification. Method A descriptive and retrospective study. A questionnaire was sent to 52 relatives of deceased patients of 8 nursing homes. The Good Death Inventory (GDI) and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) were used to assess different aspects of patient death; in addition open questions on aspects of end of life decisions were included. Non-parametric tests were performed to check for differences between the qualification of sociodemographic and clinical variables, physical symptoms, decision making and quality of end of life. Results 34 relatives 34 families responded to the questionnaire. 67.6% women with an average age of 57.03 years (SD=12.35). Most of the deceased patients were women (61.8%) with a mean age of 86 years (SD=7,23). The most severe symptom in the last days of life was depression (m=7.75, SD=2.44). Being respected as an individual“was the dimension that scored best (m=6.01; SD=1.56), and”Independence“worst (m=1.72; SD=1.28). Relatives of patients with dementia reported a lower percentage of a good death (23.1% vs. 61.1%, P=.00) than the rest. The dimensions”physical and psychological comfort“(P=.00),”Show Hope and pleasure“(P=.03) and”Feeling that their life is worth living“(P=.01) scored higher in cases which reported a good death. Discussion Almost half of the relatives of patients who died in nursing homes reported a good quality of death. Aspects such as human respect and intimacy were highly rated. Dementia is a factor that might be considered in further studies.

The dimensions”physical and psychological comfort“(P=.00),”Show Hope and pleasure“(P=.03) and”Feeling that their life is worth living“(P=.01) scored higher in cases which reported a good death. Discussion Almost half of the relatives of patients who died in nursing homes reported a good quality of death. Aspects such as human respect and intimacy were highly rated. Dementia is a factor that might be considered in further studies.

S1134248X17300824

End-of-life process in nursing homes from the relatives’ perspective

Keywords Palliative care Nursing homes Quality of death Family Elderly

Objective To describe how relatives of patients admitted to nursing homes qualify death and determine which factors influence this qualification. Method A descriptive and retrospective study. A questionnaire was sent to 52 relatives of deceased patients of 8 nursing homes. The Good Death Inventory (GDI) and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) were used to assess different aspects of patient death; in addition open questions on aspects of end of life decisions were included. Non-parametric tests were performed to check for differences between the qualification of sociodemographic and clinical variables, physical symptoms, decision making and quality of end of life. Results 34 relatives 34 families responded to the questionnaire. 67.6% women with an average age of 57.03 years (SD=12.35). Most of the deceased patients were women (61.8%) with a mean age of 86 years (SD=7,23). The most severe symptom in the last days of life was depression (m=7.75, SD=2.44). Being respected as an individual“was the dimension that scored best (m=6.01; SD=1.56), and”Independence“worst (m=1.72; SD=1.28). Relatives of patients with <dis>dementia</dis> reported a lower percentage of a good death (23.1% vs. 61.1%, P=.00) than the rest. The dimensions”physical and psychological comfort“(P=.00),”Show Hope and pleasure“(P=.03) and”Feeling that their life is worth living“(P=.01) scored higher in cases which reported a good death. Discussion Almost half of the relatives of patients who died in nursing homes reported a good quality of death. Aspects such as human respect and intimacy were highly rated. <dis>Dementia</dis> is a factor that might be considered in further studies.

Objective To describe how relatives of patients admitted to nursing homes qualify death and determine which factors influence this qualification. Method A descriptive and retrospective study. A questionnaire was sent to 52 relatives of deceased patients of 8 nursing homes. The Good Death Inventory (GDI) and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) were used to assess different aspects of patient death; in addition open questions on aspects of end of life decisions were included. Non-parametric tests were performed to check for differences between the qualification of sociodemographic and clinical variables, physical symptoms, decision making and quality of end of life. Results 34 relatives 34 families responded to the questionnaire. 67.6% women with an average age of 57.03 years (SD=12.35). Most of the deceased patients were women (61.8%) with a mean age of 86 years (SD=7,23). The most severe symptom in the last days of life was depression (m=7.75, SD=2.44). Being respected as an individual“was the dimension that scored best (m=6.01; SD=1.56), and”Independence“worst (m=1.72; SD=1.28). Relatives of patients with dementia reported a lower percentage of a good death (23.1% vs. 61.1%, P=.00) than the rest. The dimensions”physical and psychological comfort“(P=.00),”Show Hope and pleasure“(P=.03) and”Feeling that their life is worth living“(P=.01) scored higher in cases which reported a good death. Discussion Almost half of the relatives of patients who died in nursing homes reported a good quality of death. Aspects such as human respect and intimacy were highly rated. Dementia is a factor that might be considered in further studies.