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slides.json

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+[
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_018",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_018_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "estrogen and progesterone progesterone levels also decrease with age we can see estrogen having this large decrease around the age of 50 as well as progesterone progesterone again being another one of those hormones produced by the ovaries and then here we can see testosterone growth hormone as well as epi and dosterone levels that are also slowly decreasing with age and then our melatonin levels also decreasing around the age of 50 in females so yes testosterone is actually present in both males and females but in females to a lesser extent"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_033",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_033_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "cycles so the brain and ovaries will talk to each other via hormones to construct to control the menstrual cycle so we have different hormones that are released by the pituitary gland hormones known as follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone which control the menstrual cycle"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_004",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_004_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "we talked about trisomy 21 also known as down syndrome where there is an extra chromosome at location 21 and this of course causes the symptoms of down syndrome you can see the specific facial features of a patient with down syndrome there may or may not be a level of mental retardation and depending on the severity of the condition they may or may not be functional but can you explain how this can happen this is something that you should definitely review in your notes"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_015",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_015_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so to start her own cosas growth spurts and males by increasing cell division so here we can see the hormone is in this green figure binding to eventually its receptor so i'm sorry the the red portion is the testosterone and the receptor for testosterone is the green that is attached to the bone cell so once testosterone has bound to its receptor it will encourage cell division allowing for more bone cells to be produced causing a growth spurt"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_022",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_022_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so some fun facts as always there are fun facts with the male reproductive system the volume of semen per ejaculation is about 1 teaspoon and there are anywhere between 200 to 500 million sperm per ejaculation and sperm only make up about 1% of the total volume of semen and we know that the sperm can survive about 4 to 5 hours in the female vagina but can survive up to five days and the uterine or fallopian tubes so if you are counting our days ladies make sure you take that fact into account especially if you know when your ovulation is within your cycle"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_040",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_040_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "one factor that can cause infertility we have abnormally shaped sperm which contributes to male infertility here we can see in normal sperm and then we have you know giant sperm with a giant acrosomal head have smaller sperm we have a sperm that might have a double head or double body and all these abnormal shape sperm contributes to male infertility also we know that the testes where sperm is stored in maturities actually located within the scrotum which the location of the scrotal sac is anterior to the body which allows for cooling of the testes because ideal conditions for test for sperm to be produced is usually about one or two degrees cooler than normal body temperature so when we talk to males about infertility we often tell them you know don't have a laptop don't have anything warm or have any warm drinks around the scrotal area because if you have a temperature that is higher than the ideal temperature you not have ideal conditions for sperm production"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_009",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_009_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so here we see a front or anterior view of our gonads testes in males ovaries and females so before the fetus it becomes differentiate it's known as undifferentiated so again we have run a mentary structures that will form the gonads we have ducks there's the wolfie and duct and the mullerian duct now if the fetus is fated to become male the wolffian ducts will actually give rise to the male reproductive organs whereas if the fetus is determined to become a female the malaria duck will then give rise to the female reproductive organs such as the fallopian tubes and the uterus so here we see differentiation of the gonads as well as these ducks we can see that the male gonads are the testes and the the ducks include the vas deferens we also have other organs male organ such as the seminal vesicle the prostate gland and the ejaculatory ducts whereas in females the female gonads are the ovaries and ducks include the fallopian tube which will allow for passage of the the egg to the uterus so the tubes that we are talking about in males we have the vas deferens which allow for transport of the male gametes sperm specifically into the ejaculatory duct and then for the ducks and females we have the oviducts also known as the fallopian tubes in females again allowing for passageway of the female gamete or the ova or egg"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_027",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_027_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "fetus so internally the uterus has two layers we have the innermost layer being the endometrium this is the lining of the uterus and this is where implantation of the fertilized egg occurs if there is no fertilization of the egg this is the lining that sheds off once a month during menstruation and then we have the thick smooth muscular layer that middle muscular known as the myometrium so here is that muscular known as the myometrium has a smooth muscle whose contractions allow for expulsion of the baby once it is time for childbirth"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_010",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_010_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "we can see that at 9 weeks gestation both the male and female reproductive organs don't really look that different at 9 weeks if you use the numbers to kind of figure out the structures that will eventually become the different reproductive organs we can see in the upper most picture for will become is well become the general tuber or the glans penis this and 8 are the label scroll folds whereas in the lower picture it doesn't look very much different from the male fetus at nine weeks power over by 11 or 13 weeks we can finally see some of those structures starting to develop so for example three will eventually become the clitoris whereas for will become the labia squirrel folds or the labia majora at depending if it's male or female so here we see the glans penis in the male fetus as well as the squirrel folds which are number to date and then in the lower pictures we can see that the labia majora is starting to develop on the sides of the clitoris which is number three at 17 weeks and by 20 weeks we definitely have a pretty obvious female reproductive external anatomy the clitoris which is labeled 3 and the labial folds at number 4 so we can usually identify the sex of the fetus at about 12 weeks that's when we can see some obvious external reproductive structures"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_001",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_001_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so last thing we kind of talked about in the last chapter is what happens when chromosomes don't separate normally we talked about something called nondisjunction and this is when chromosomes fail to separate and it can happen in 1221 or of two ways and in these pictures we can kind of see what happens when we have non disjunctions for example the products of meiosis one of the gametes has one extra chromosome while the other gamine is missing one and when we look at the karyotype we can see that there is an extra chromosome here at 21 causing trisomy 21 also known as down syndrome"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_036",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_036_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so we can actually see how this works a little bit more closely especially when we want to talk about birth control"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_006",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_006_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "what is the purpose of our reproductive system of course it's to continue the human species but how does this happen i happens by producing storing and transporting our sex sells"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_031",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_031_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so you can recall that the female reproductive goals are to produce the egg as well as support pregnancy we know that timing is very important a very important part of reaching this goal so how does the female reproductive system achieve its goals we"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_020",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_020_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so we will look at the path of the sperm from production to each actually ejaculation function of the male gonads course is 2 and the male reproductive system is to make and deliver sperm we start off at the testes so these are the male gonads and in the testes this is where sperm is made specifically the structures are called the seminiferous tubules and in a little bit i will show you guys a pneumonic device that will help you remember the path of the sperm so from the semin if r is tubules contained within the testes the sperm will then travel to the next structure which is the epididymis note the spelling of epididymis ep id id y mis this is where basically sperm are stored in matured so sperm become motile and are stored here here you can see a little picture for sperm swim lessons so basically this is where the sperm become efficient and faster swimmers where they learn how to swim because they become a more motile from the epididymis the tail of the epididymis so there's a body head and tail of epididymis the tail up that the epidermis is actually continuous with the next structure which is the vast difference also known as the ductus deferens so from the epididymis the sperm will then travel to the vas deferens which will transport the sperm eventually to the urethra so the sperm will travel from the epididymis to the tail and then up the vas deferens through the spermatic cord traveling then into the pelvic cavity along the lateral sides of the urinary bladder from the urinary but are from the posterior portion of the urinary bladder the vas deferens will then meet up with this gland right here known as the seminal vesicle so the seminal vesicle i'll talk about in just a little bit basically provides the otto's or the sugar for the energy for sperm to swim sort of the the red bull for the sperm and makes up the majority of the bulk of the the semen and from the vas deferens it will join with the seminal vesicle to then form this next structure which is the ejaculatory duct and we can see the ejaculatory duct located within the prostate gland okay and then from the ejaculatory duct the sperm will then travel to the urethra first of course the prostatic urethra so the urethra is the tube within the penis that will transport sperm during jackie elation and we can see that tube going through the corpus spongiosum which will then allow for sperm to travel to the penis which delivers sperm to the female reproductive system so a good mnemonic that i like to use to help me remember the path of the sperm is 7up so s stands for the seven if first tubules were sperm is produced within the testes e stands for epididymis where sperm is stored and matured the epididymis is then continuous with the next structure which is the vas deferens and the vas deferens travels up the spermatic cord into the pelvic cavity along the sides of the urinary bladder where it meets up with the seminal vesicle and then forms the next structure which is e the ejaculatory duct okay we can see the ejaculatory duct contained within the prostate which is that gland that also has secretions that contribute to the bulk of semen and stands for nothing it's just a filler but then the next structure is you the urethra okay so from the ejaculatory duct sperm will enter the prostatic urethra and then travel into the spongy urethra within the corpus spongiosum of the penis and then from there from the you through a sperm will then travel out the p penis so 7-up helps you remember the path of the sperm from its production in the estes through the various tubes and then out the penis okay so seven up"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_017",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_017_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "here we can see that testosterone levels do in fact decrease with age and we can see around 40 years old we have a abrupt decrease in the levels of tossed doctor own in in males"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_039",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_039_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so what factors do you think can contribute to infertility so infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of trying"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_012",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_012_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "everyone so what are hormones hormones are chemical messer messengers that allow different body parts to kind of communicate or talk to each other and we have many different types of hormones that control our body systems as well as have effects on our mood and you know there are definitely many hormones that i can think of that can not only affect my body but as well as the mood that i'm in which ones can you think of so hormones are released into the bloodstream and then we'll interact with target cells by binding to proteins or protein receptors and we have many hormones within our body and produce many different effects"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_025",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_025_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so a very well-known drug is viagra that actually treats erectile dysfunction it works by increasing blood flow to the penis to help prolong the effects of nitric oxide so during arousal nitric oxide is released the causes the widening of the arterioles or the blood vessels within the penis with increased blood flow to the penis this is what causes erection so increased blood flow within those calves nurse bodies causing an erection so viagra increases blood flow to these areas"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_034",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_034_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "and the ovaries produce estrogen as well as progesterone"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_003",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_003_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "and the second type of nondisjunction you could have an abnormal meiosis one but normal meiosis 2 so here we have nondisjunction at meiosis one where we can see that the second daughter cell is missing a pair of chromosomes where the first daughter cell has an extra and what will happen is you'll have two gametes having one additional chromosome whereas the other two gametes will be missing one chromosome after a normal second meiotic division"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_028",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_028_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "we talked about female gametes and how the supply of eggs within a female the the full number of eggs that a woman will have is president birth however this number does decline with age so at birth most females have about two million eggs and we know that the ability to release these eggs does begin at puberty so by puberty a female will only have about 400 thousand eggs by age 30 see this number declines to about 100,000 and once a woman has reached menopause usually between the ages of 45 to 55 there are no more no more available eggs and reproductive ability and here at menopause"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_026",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_026_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so now that we've talked about the pathway of the sperm in the male reproductive system we're now going to talk about the female reproductive system and the pathway of an egg which is the female gametes so we know that the female reproductive system its function is to produce eggs as well as support pregnancy so here we see an anterior view of the internal reproductive female reproductive system structures so we have the female gonads also known as the ovary this is where we have oh site or female gamete production we then have the fallopian tubes or oviducts and this is where once the egg has been ovulated it will then travel into the fallopian tubes and it is within the fallopian tubes that the majority of fertilization takes place fertilization being when the sperm meets up with the egg so the majority of fertilization takes place in the fallopian tubes specifically the ampulla which is this portion of the slope in tube and once the egg has been fertilized it will then travel along the philippine tube into the uterus so the uterus is an important organ also known as the womb this is where we have development of the embryo and the fetus part of the uterus is the opening which is known as the cervix so the cervix serves as the opening of the uterus and is the barrier between the uterus and the long tube known as the vagina so the vagina is also known as the birth canal this is a must oh tube that opens to the outside of the body so unlike the male reproductive system there is no crossover with the urinary system within females so the urethra is not used as part of the female reproductive system so we will take a look at the uterus being a very important structure for the development of the fetus"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_011",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_011_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so the reproductive system development again begin soon after fertilization however we have the period known as puberty which marks reproductive maturity and this is due to an increase in hormones so we know that puberty is a time of change for everyone"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_000",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_000_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "hey everyone it's dr. mark on and this is chapter 18 on reproduction and development before we get into chapter 18 however i just wanted to go over really quick on finishing up on meiosis which we talked about in the last chapter here we see our typical karyotype or picture of the chromosomes that make us who we are"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_037",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_037_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so birth control is intentionally preventing fertilization and there actually has been a study done or mail forms of birth control that are available although i have not known any male patients to take any hormonal birth control usually they do surgical methods such as vasectomies but i have not encountered a patient taking male birth control so we have different"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_019",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_019_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so now we're going to take a look at male reproductive anatomy and we'll take a look at the path that the sperm will take and then we will look at female reproductive anatomy and the path of the egg will take in those reproductive systems"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_032",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_032_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "we have what's known as the menstrual cycle so every month and egg will mature and it will be released from the ovary this is known as ovulation at the same time the uterus is preparing for a fertilized egg and these two cycles together are called the menstrual cycle so we have the ovarian cycle where we have the maturation of n and egg and then ovulation of this egg so the one that is chosen to be ovulating dated well then go through that ovarian cycle and then we also have the uterine cycle where the lining of the uterus prepares itself for the the fertilized egg so we can see we have different phases with the uterine cycle we have the menstrual phase that's the first part of the uterine cycle when there is no implantation from the previous cycle and once menstruation has finished the lining of uterus will then start proliferating or preparing itself for a fertilized egg by increasing its blood supply as well as the tissue within that lining so hormones are key to the coordination of these two cycles"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_005",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_005_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so now we get into the reproductive system"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_014",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_014_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "we know that testosterone is a hormone that is produced by the male gonads or the testes a testosterone is a steroid hormone we know that it is produced by a specific cells within the the testes known as latex cells and testosterone is one of those hormones that basically produce male characteristics in a person here we can see the many other organs of the endocrine system"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_023",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_023_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so we talked about external reproductive anatomy we have the penis we know that the penis delivers sperm to the female reproductive system it's made up of cavernous or spongy tissue that are basically erectile tissue so certain contains erectile spongy tissue as well as veins arteries and the urethra so the you calves nurse bodies that are on the dorsal aspect of the penis those are the corpora cavernosa and then the spongy cavernous body is no also known as the corpus spongiosum and that corpus spongiosum is what contains the urethra which is the tube that acts as the passageway for sperm so empty spaces will fill the blood surrounding the urethra for sperm released during ejaculation so we know that these cavernous bodies fill up with blood to allow for an erection to occur"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_008",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_008_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "all developing fetuses start with gonads tubes and mounds so both sexes will have a pair of gonads and of course these gonads will are needed to produce gametes males have testes whereas females have ovaries eventually both sexes will have ducks or tubes that will a store and deliver the gametes that are produced by the gonads and other structures are present structure such as balance which will help facilitate copulation or the sexual"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_038",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_038_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "different methods of birth control we have surgical methods or surgical sterilization in males we have a vasectomy word the vas deferens is cut and sealed on both sides and then we have tubal ligation where we have cutting of the fallopian tubes or tying of the tubes to prevent the passage of the egg to meet up with the the sperm then we have hormonal methods for example we we have iuds that release specific hormones to prevent fertilization we have our over-the-counter pills we also have injectables we have depo-provera so you know these are all ways of introducing hormones to the female body to prevent fertilization sometimes to kind of trick the body into thinking that it's pregnant so that ovulation does not occur and then we also have other physical methods such as barrier methods with the use of condoms female condoms and we have the intrauterine devices that are implanted into the female uterus that also release specific hormones preventing ovulation or fertilization"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_013",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_013_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "effects now the structures or of hormones and receptors are like a clock and key system so hormones bind to the receptors because these receptors are very specific for the shape of the hormones so hormones we have these large molecules floating around the bloodstream and they have to fit into a specific receptor in order for that message to be transported to the effector organ"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_024",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_024_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "and of course we have various drugs that aid in the erection process so in males there is a dysfunction known as erectile dysfunction in which the male patient has the inability to achieve or maintain an erection and usually causes can be psychological they can be physical and are can be due to live lifestyle factors that can cause this condition so actually one in four men will experience some form of erectile dysfunction by age 30 and this is out of the 40 million men in the us who have experienced erectile dysfunction"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_035",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_035_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "progesterone and like i said previously the hormones from the pituitary gland the luteinizing hormone as well as the follicle-stimulating hormone will coordinate with the ovaries for the production of estrogen and progesterone"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_002",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_002_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so we talked about nondisjunction and they're one of two ways that nondisjunction can occur first we can't have a normal meiosis one where we have the equal number of chromosomes in the two daughter cells but we can have an abnormal meiosis 2 so as you can see with an abnormal second meiotic division there will be one additional chromosome in one of the four cells whereas another cell will have one missing and then the last two will have a normal number of chromosomes"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_029",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_029_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so what could happen to the egg so the first possibility is once a month when the egg is ovulated the egg is not fertilized fertilized so here we see ovulation of the egg that is chosen once a month going into the fallopian tube if no fertilization takes place the egg and the utero uterine lining will be shed during menstruation so here we see the it that endometrium no fertilization meaning the egg will not implant into that endometrial wall and therefore menstruation occurs and then if there's no fertilization this process of ovulation will repeat the next month based on specific hormonal signals so then the egg is discarded bye-bye"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_007",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_007_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "we know that reproductive system development begins soon after fertilization now the formation of organs or organogenesis usually begins around week 8 age of dice of gestation"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_030",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_030_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so what's another possibility the egg is fertilized so again we know that fertilization usually takes place within the fallopian tube specifically the ampulla of the fallopian tube if fertilized the egg will then fully develop and implant in the uterus hopefully usually you'll have chemical signals and hormones being secreted by the ovary to tell the female body that it is pregnant and will stop ovulation from occurring the next month so the lining of the uterus known as the endometrial thickened with blood and mucus in preparation for a fertilized egg and hopefully the egg stays in the uterus and this fertilized egg will hopefully become a normal healthy baby"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_021",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_021_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "sperm cannot survive on their own that is why male the male reproductive system will produce semen and semen is made up of sperm plus the secretions from glands and we talked about some of the glands already so there are three glands we have the seminal vesicles that basically provides the fructose or the energy gives it gives it wings like red bull gives it wings we have the prostate gland that will secrete fluid to help raise vaginal ph so basically it takes away the acidity of the any remnants of urine that might be within the urethra as well as taking away the acidity of the environment within the vagina to give a more favorable environment for the sperm to be in and then we have the bubble urethra glands so the bubble urethra glands help makes lubricating mucus which also cleanses the urethra from any remnants of acidic urine so these three glands help with the production of the bulk of semen so that providing an environment for sperm to survive"
+    },
+    {
+        "slide_id": "slide_016",
+        "slide_path": "./bio-4/unordered/_BvFr9HEiQg/slide_016_spoken.csv",
+        "transcript": "so eventually gamete production or production of sex cells slows with h due to a decrease in hormone production in males this period note is known as andropause so a decrease in the amount of testosterone production in males and with females it is called menopause which is when we have a decrease in the amount of estrogen that is produced in the woman's body according to this dr. many women prefer fear the word menopause so i prefer to call it puberty part 2 and then in males instead of being called andropause they call it man oh pause"
+    }
+]