Have robots taken over the world?
By: Arslan Mirza
Tags: Human Vs Robots, Robots, Artificial Intelligence, Technology, Machine Learning

Introduction

In 2017, Nagoya, Japan held the annual RoboCup. More than 400 human-machine teams from more than 40 countries and regions competed fiercely in five competitions including robot football. China's “Excellent Must Choose” robot and the Tsinghua University team won the runner-up in the technical challenge, which is only one step away from the victory of the robot soccer team over the human World Cup champion. After watching this highly intelligent RoboCup, the attendees all sighed, “The era of robots becoming humans has arrived!”

Analysis of the differences between robots and humans

The fundamental difference between humans and machines lies in their vitality and wisdom. Man has the function of self-organization, has the ability to survive and develop independently, and is an intelligent animal with reason and will. Human wisdom is mainly manifested in its adaptability and decisiveness.

A robot is a tool made by humans that can assist people in certain activities. The purpose of inventing robots is to reduce human labor intensity, improve work efficiency, or engage in high-risk activities that are not suitable for humans, rather than make them fight against humans.

The robot mechanical part isn’t as versatile as humans

The ongoing machine learning has developed into artificial intelligence, which has had a significant impact on our daily work and life, but robots cannot learn everything. Robots are manipulated by humans and act clumsy. They can only do something repeatedly.

For these movements, robots are far less sensitive than humans except for special robotic arms in manufacturing. A robot is essentially a machine made by people. It has no self-organizing function, no reason or will. Mechanical and rigid are the biggest characteristics of a machine. No matter how advanced a robot is, it will never get rid of human control.

The robotic brain is not as fast as the human brain

The mechanical “brain” is the core of the robot, which is generally controlled by a computer or a single-chip microcomputer system. The brain of a robot is an integrated circuit, which has the functions of information processing and issuing instructions and controls the normal operation of the robot.

Robots can be divided into general robots and intelligent robots according to their intelligence. Generally, the brain of a robot works according to a pre-programmed sequence, using terminal limit switches, brakes, latch boards, and sequencers to control the robot’s activities.

There are many efficient networks between the brain neurons of intelligent robots

Sensory robots

Interactive robots

Self-supporting robots

Sensing robots use and process sensor information to achieve control and operation.

Interactive robots use a computer system to conduct man-machine dialogue to achieve control of the robot. Interactive robots have certain decision-making capabilities, interaction capabilities, information exchange capabilities with the outside world, and learning and imitation capabilities.

Self-supporting robots do not require human intervention and can automatically complete predetermined tasks in various environments. The intelligence of an intelligent robot is embodied in that it can actively respond to changes in the external environment and change its own motion law.

This “adaptive” process is mainly realized through deep learning, and its motivation is to establish and stimulate the nerves of the human brain for analysis and learning.

The network imitates the human brain mechanism to recognize data such as images, sounds, and texts. The process of deep learning and autonomous learning of the robot brain is the process of continuously improving the efficiency of its neural network.

Whether it is a general robot or an intelligent robot, its intelligent part is only realized by a simple algorithm of 0 and 1

Compared with the human brain, it has considerable disadvantages in some aspects, such as obstacle avoidance. Almost all driverless and autonomous driving R&D teams are thinking hard about obstacle avoidance algorithms, and the application of obstacle avoidance algorithms is widely used in many fields such as drones.

The obstacle avoidance algorithm is the obstacle of the entire unmanned and autonomous driving industry, because it determines the safety of the last 1%, while the existing VFH obstacle avoidance algorithm And the DWA obstacle avoidance algorithm can only be regarded as a very primitive starting point, and can not meet the actual needs at all.

A breakthrough in the field of quantum computers-too much uncertainty and complexity

Earlier, some people believed that the breakthrough of robots requires a breakthrough in the field of quantum computers, but the practicability of quantum computers is poor.

This is because, on the one hand, although new quantum algorithms such as the Grover search algorithm and quantum chemical simulation algorithm are constantly appearing, the number is far from being compared with traditional algorithms.

Quantum algorithm design is difficult, real quantum computing is difficult to realize, and there are too many uncertainties. On the other hand, manufacturing qubits requires extremely harsh environmental conditions.

To utilize the quantum ground state of superconducting oscillatory circuits, superconducting qubits need to be maintained at a temperature of −273.13 degrees Celsius.

Ion trap qubits need to use radiofrequency electromagnetic fields to trap single or a few ions in a small space. Such an environment itself is full of too much complexity.

Even with such a harsh environment, there will be various interferences and errors in the manufacturing or operation of qubits, resulting in extremely short lifespans and low operational reliability.

The life of the best superconducting qubit in the world today is only about 200, less than 1 ms, and its operating error rate is about 0.1%. The ion trap has a slightly longer life, but it is also in the second level, so the qubit is extremely fragile.

There is no breakthrough in the neural network

In recent years, the most effective system in artificial intelligence research is considered to be neural networks. But neural networks are “black boxes”.

Although the trained neural network can classify data, the designer knows it but does not know why. In terms of visual data, the data characteristics determined by automated experiments make the upgraded network react, but the text processing system is not transparent.

To explain the decisions of neural networks, CSAIL researchers divided the network into two modules. The first module extracts the text fragments in the training data, the text fragments judge its length and coherence, and then passes it to the second module for prediction and classification.

Enlightenment of Robot Local Intelligence Breakthrough

In 2017, Alpha Dog played against chess master Ke Jie. In the end, Alpha Dog won 3:0 once again shocked chess fans. Chess players all over the world can only accept the fact that humans can no longer defeat artificial intelligence on the chessboard.

Alpha Dog allows more chess fans around the world to understand the “profound and mysterious” of intelligent robots like never before. Watching humans play chess, you can experience their psychological and emotional fluctuations in the game.

While watching Alpha Dog’s chess game, one can only figure out whether it is nervous or stable in its judgment of the current chess situation. It does not feel its “mood” ups and downs and its next intention. Onlookers can only feel that Alpha Dog’s chess moves are It’s cold.

The reason why Alpha Dog can win in the human-computer game

Is that it has the unique ability to “prun” and makeup chess like a gardener so that the flowers and trees grow better. This “pruning” way of thinking is to eliminate some unnecessary searches and calculations and simplify complex problems.

Every step of it looks like a “smelly chess”, but the result is a terrifying and mysterious chess game. This is Alpha Dog’s High IQ.

The reason why Alpha Dog was able to make up the game at the place where the boundary between the two sides has been determined and eliminate the possibility of change is to no longer consider the response here, thereby reducing the amount of calculation.

This kind of follows the most basic Go rules and calculation methods, after comparison, filter out the next move, so that Alpha Dog often makes human players “cannot understand” its game

On October 18, 2017, the DeepMind team announced the strongest version of Alpha Dog, code-named AlphaGo Zero

Which can “self-taught”. The new generation of AlphaGo Zero does not rely on any human chess records, does not refer to any prior knowledge of humans, and relies entirely on self-enhanced learning and comprehension, and can control each other 4.9 million chess games in just three days.

The growth of AlphaGo Zero’s chess skills far exceeds that of Alpha Dog, winning the latter by 100:0. Previously, Alpha Dog had spent several months learning 30 million chess games from humans before defeating humans.

This breakthrough technological evolution is an important energy source for the advancement of artificial intelligence technology. If artificial intelligence continues to evolve in this mode, its limitations will be greatly reduced.

In the future, the emergence of completely independent super artificial intelligence robots seems to be in humans As expected.

Enlightenment of the realization of emotion when the robot Teo plays the piano

The Italian robot Teo, with 19 fingers, can play any melody or song and can play faster than any human pianist. It can play and sing on drums. It can also generate voice recognition and facial expressions with the listener's interaction.

Teo’s playing skills shocked the international piano master Lang Lang

It is not difficult for artificial intelligence to learn piano playing skills, and its speed can easily surpass humans. If you say that playing Go only requires cold mathematical thinking, but playing the piano shows human emotions.

In the face of Teo, emotion is no longer a human patent. It is conceivable that with the development of artificial intelligence if robots fully master the big data of human emotions and can interpret and express human emotions, it may not be surprising that robots become artists.

Enlightenment from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology’s successful language and meaning maintenance process

In 2017, Meituan Waimai and HKUST Xunfei jointly launched an “intelligent voice assistant” artificial intelligence product, which is based on rich big data and multiple artificial intelligence technologies, allowing riders to use the most natural food delivery process.

The voice interaction completes operations such as receiving orders and reporting. It is no longer necessary to manually operate the mobile phone. At the same time, the system will automatically evoke traffic safety prompts according to the rider’s riding status, thereby reducing safety hazards and ensuring the rider’s life safety.

In recent years, the speech recognition system (InterReco) has developed rapidly. The recognition rate of large segments of Chinese speech has reached more than 90%, and the accuracy of semantic understanding in the application field has been more than 85%. It has been successfully applied to mainstream telecommunications, finance, energy, transportation, government, etc. industry. MIUI voice assistant can provide 20 voice command operations.

Can open the application quickly, just remember the name of the application and tell the voice assistant to open an application. Reading bank card numbers by voice is convenient and safe. It can also listen to online music through voice control, ask about the weather, and send someone’s contact information to others, all of which can be done directly and easily in one sentence.

Application of neural network technology

At the National Museum of Science in Japan, a new robot Alter is more advanced than other “colleagues” because it is a robot embedded in a neural network.

This kind of neural network robot can sense the surrounding things through sensors and do actions according to their own wishes. The most advanced part of Alter is the built-in “Central Pattern Generator” (CPG) installed with Izhikevich neurons, driven by 42 pneumatic actuators.

CPG allows the robot to have an autonomous and conscious movement mode, through the built-in sensor to monitor the surrounding objects, temperature, and humidity, or sound to form specific actions.

This kind of robot not only needs more intelligent AI but also needs to be closer to the human neural network to react appropriately to the surrounding environment and things. Therefore, with the breakthrough of mechanical neural network technology, robots can communicate and interact in a language like humans.

Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay

Does the terminal nerve have memory function?

The human brain is a complicated neural network composed of approximately 14 billion neurons. The neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system and the basic unit of memory.

It is a cell composed of dendrites, cell bodies, and axons. The information generated by the external stimulus travels unidirectionally between neurons in the form of biopotentials. The axon of one neuron releases transmitters to transmit chemical signals to the dendrites of the next neuron, which are then converted into electrical signals and transmitted to the neurons.

Its axons are then converted into chemical signals and transmitted to the next neuron. The formation and strengthening of the synapse at the end of the axon and the dendritic connection of the next neuron generates memory.

To complete a task well

An intelligent robot must have some important memory functions related to the task. At present, the memory principle of the human brain has been completely deciphered. Soon, robots with human thinking style can be developed based on this.

They can think independently, know how to associate, and even have sentiment and meaning. These robots imitate or surpass human intelligence, and will far surpass humans in some aspects of memory and storage.

Training the memory function of nerves

Trix, a professor of computer science at Brown University, successfully tested the data of the robot’s memory capabilities. She built a machine learning model to enable the robot to automatically learn to manipulate objects and rely on the generated sample data to train the robot’s memory ability.

She believes that “the robot can produce memory” is a prerequisite

If you put a strange scene in front of the robot, the robot can basically not remember these things, because its thinking does not have the information of the scene, nor I have been trained for this scene.

The machine learning model built by Trix allows the robot to learn from mistakes, and after repeated trials, it can successfully remember this scene. In the process of alternating trial and error, a series of picture information libraries about the scene can be generated.

Trix’s plan foreshadows that one-day robots can acquire more accurate memory capabilities

In recent years, the application technology of machine learning such as self-driving cars and the application technology of image recognition has been developed rapidly, because these fields have a large amount of sample data that can be used to train these machine memory models.

The main reason for the lag in the memory of the robot

Is that the sample data is small and the neural network cannot be trained. A neural network is a computer system composed of several simple and highly interconnected processing elements, which can process information through dynamic responses to external inputs. It is mainly through processing a large amount of market data, to remember the ability to understand different situations.

In this sense, there is no essential difference between humans and robots. If people are regarded as biochemical machines, protein machines, then robots are actually metal or other materials machines.

Modern neurophysiology and brain science believe that human emotions come from hormones, and memory comes from the network structure of nerve cells.

Any change in the microstructure of the brain can trigger changes in human thinking. Computers can also imitate the biological nervous system, and the computer “nervous system” can also respond to stimuli and adjust its operating mode according to changes in external information.

Therefore, neural networks with the advantages of distributed storage, parallel processing, self-learning, self-organization, and non-linear mapping are combined with other methods to learn from each other, and ultimately enable robots to have independent thoughts, memory, and creativity like humans.

Nodes in the brain-central processing unit functions

Robots need to observe six directions and listen to all directions, and cannot do without a powerful brain-high-performance central processing unit and efficient algorithms.

Robots are complex mechatronic devices that comprehensively use the latest research results in multiple disciplines such as machinery and precision machinery, microelectronics and computers, automatic control and drive, sensors and information processing, and artificial intelligence.

To integrate these results to truly form the abilities of cognition, feeling and action, so that the robot can understand and respond to the real world, and accurately complete the operation tasks, the computing platform it carries needs to meet a variety of requirements, including perception and control capabilities, Computing power, power consumption control, ease of use.

Using a heterogeneous central processing unit composed of GPU, FPGA, and other intelligent engines and other co-processors and CPUs to improve computing performance has become a hot spot for robot development.

Heterogeneous computing, as a special parallel computing method, can assign different computing tasks to each computing subsystem according to the structural characteristics of it.

It reflects what traditional architecture does not have in terms of improving computing performance, energy efficiency ratio, and real-time guarantee Advantages, and continues to be applied on various occasions with large computing requirements.

This positioning frequency, which is more than ten times higher than that of the CPU, enables the robot to have double the speed of movement without being “lost”.

With such a smart brain, the robot will become more ear-sound, clear eyes, fast legs, and stable hands integrate into our daily life and provide better services for humans.

Widespread use of blockchain technology

Blockchain technology is abbreviated as BT, also known as distributed ledger technology. It is a technology-based on Internet databases that can be decentralized, open, and transparent so that everyone can participate in database records.

In the face of artificial intelligence and blockchain technology

This is disrupting the world, smart machines will change everything-robots and automation technology have caused manual workers to be hit hard.

Soon, we will live in “machine-to-machine” communication In the “data-driven” world of China, people’s experience and investment are no longer so important, and more and more robots are communicating and trading with each other.

Drivers will be replaced by unmanned driving

supermarkets will not see cashiers

restaurants can order food intelligently

Automatic credit card checkout, etc

Big data analysis is used to predict house value, improve traffic flow, analyze medical images, and process insurance claims. Robots can be seen everywhere in various places.

In the context of blockchain technology and smart contracts, the innovation cycle of the digital revolution is shorter and the pace of innovation is faster.

The speed and scale of social changes brought about by this make it difficult for people to understand and adapt, but at the same time, there will be more. Many new job opportunities can distribute their jobs faster through the Internet, can provide more opportunities to establish direct relationships with the public, can share content directly to the public, and obtain them without “middleman” or “agent” remuneration.

In the coming digital world, the most important will be the most “humanized” skills. No matter how “smart” the robot is, the “humanized” skills are the most difficult to train and the most difficult to replicate.

Intelligent breakthrough in wide-area integration

“Smart Wide Area Robot” is based on power hybrid cybernetics. Its main purpose is to classify all unsatisfied and unsatisfactory states as events and control the system to return to normal operation.

With the construction of higher voltage AC transmission lines, the degree of interconnection of CHINA’s power grids continues to increase. However, the connection of large-scale new renewable energy power generation bases, the emergence of new customers such as electric vehicles and load-based microgrids, and the dispatch and operation of new grids composed of power microgrids and distributed power sources are safe and reliable for CHINA’s smart grids.

The main problems faced in the operation

Lu Qiang, the academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and professor of Tsinghua University, believes that the entire large-scale power system is controlled like an intelligent robot. This kind of power grid with multi-index self-optimizing operation capability is the highest form of power grid intelligence robot.

Intelligent wide-area integration is to measure whether the power grid is in an optimal state at a certain moment, whether it is automatically regulated, and the entire large power system is controlled like an intelligent robot.

To truly realize Smart-WAR, it is necessary to realize the combination of machine intelligence and human intelligence based on the establishment of smart grid basic measurement facilities and dynamic SCADA systems.

Image by Comfreak from Pixabay

Realize the evolution of robot training

The “Father of Computer Science” Alan Turing put forward the famous “Turing Test” prediction more than 60 years ago.

By 2000, humans can use 10 GB of computer equipment to make a 5-minute question and answer 30% of adults have artificial intelligence. This prediction has become a reality.

On June 7, 2014, the 60th anniversary of the death of Alan Turing, at the “2014 Turing Test” conference held by the Royal Society, the chat program “Eugene Guss” Terman passed the Turing test for the first time, which was only slightly later than Turing’s prediction.

The vision for the future is to freeze the brains of intelligent businessmen at the end of their lives, and then use artificial intelligence and nanotechnology to store important data, encode their data into robot chips and sensors through “personalized chips,” and then clone nanotechnology to make the dead “resurrected”, the artificial body functions will be controlled by human thoughts brain waves, and the robots will use the “original” intelligent businessmen’s conversational style, behavior patterns, thinking processes and human functions to engage in various social activities.

Conclusion

Humans give robots a high-level IQ, and the difference between them and humans is getting smaller and smaller.

In the future, robots will be able to complete all the tasks that humans can do-engaged in daily services, industrial manufacturing, medical care, scientific research, disaster relief, and even combat activities.

When artificial intelligence (AI) technology is implanted in computers, Internet of Things devices, and cloud computing platforms, in the next 30 years, robots will not only surpass humans in number, but their intelligence level will also surpass humans.

IQ will eventually reach 10,000, and the genius Einstein The IQ is only around 200. The movie “Me and the Robot” outlines a wonderful scene where we will live with intelligent robots in 2035. The World Robot World Cup Association predicts that by 2050, the robot football team will defeat the human World Cup champion and “crowned” as the king.

In this regard, some robotics experts believe that “At the current speed of technological development, it is not a myth that robots surpass humans. The human brain is composed of tens of billions of neurons distributed in the form of regional nodes.

Robots realize thinking activities through the design of perceptual network nodes. When each node of the robot surpasses a single person, the era of robots becoming “human will truly come.”

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