fabiochiu/medium-articles huggingface dataset:
Ubuntu is my Cupid
By: Jack Arokiason J
Tags: Tact, Customization, Ubuntu Command, Linux, Ubuntu

“Simplicity is about subtracting the obvious and adding the meaningful.”

Yes, Ubuntu is simple, But it is ROBUST.

It is the distribution of Linux distros. Ubuntu is an open-source free Operating System and it has a massive community.

The impact made by Ubuntu:

Using windows made me a bit lacy by using the GUI and the same process every day. But Ubuntu is really awesome and the way command-line works is something different for a normal windows user. The major reason for using ubuntu is

Stability and Reliability

Productivity and Creativity

Security

Ubuntu means Terminal

shortcut to open -> Ctrl + Alt + t

while using the terminal first thing that comes to mind for the ubuntu user is “sudo” Sudo means “superuser do” it will give the user to run that command at the root level. So before the operating system proceeds with the command, it will ask for the password of your computer.

Common Commands In ubuntu:

$ cd -> change directory to move another folder

cd -> change directory to move another folder $ cd .. -> to move back to previous folder’

cd .. -> to move back to previous folder’ $ pwd->print working directory prints the current folder

pwd->print working directory prints the current folder $ apt(advanced package tool)->apt is a powerful command-line tool used to manage software(to install, update or upgrade software)

apt(advanced package tool)->apt is a powerful command-line tool used to manage software(to install, update or upgrade software) $ nano- Open the text editor

nano- Open the text editor $ history ->to view history of commands

history ->to view history of commands $ cp-> Copy file.

cp-> Copy file. $ mv -> move file

mv -> move file $ rm -> remove file

rm -> remove file $ mkdir -> make directory

mkdir -> make directory $ cat -> Concatenate files and print on the standard output

cat -> Concatenate files and print on the standard output $ grep -> Print lines of the input matching a specified pattern

grep Print lines of the input matching a specified pattern $ apt-get-> Update installer

Customize your terminal (Oh My Zsh) on Ubuntu :

Update the packages

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt upgrade

Install prerequisite packages

sudo apt install zsh

sudo apt-get install powerline fonts-powerline

Clone the Oh My Zsh Repo

Create a New ZSH configuration file

cp ~/.oh-my-zsh/templates/zshrc.zsh-template ~/.zshrc

Install PowerLevel9k!

Set up a theme for your Terminal — Open .zshrc File using gedit editor

gedit .zshrc

And change and put these lines :

ZSH_THEME="powerlevel9k/powerlevel9k"

POWERLEVEL9K_DISABLE_RPROMPT=true

POWERLEVEL9K_PROMPT_ON_NEWLINE=true

POWERLEVEL9K_MULTILINE_LAST_PROMPT_PREFIX="▶"

POWERLEVEL9K_MULTILINE_FIRST_PROMPT_PREFIX=""

Change your Default Shell

chsh -s /bin/zsh

for this command to be effective you need to restart your system.

Oh My Zsh Terminal

After restarting your terminal will look like this :

Conclusion:

Using ubuntu really helped in the developer point of view for Productivity, Creativity, and also deployment.

THANK YOU!!!
User Management in Ubuntu
By: Burak Işılar
Tags: User Management, Linux, Ubuntu

Creating a new user

Once you create a VM with Ubuntu distribution, it creates a default user named “ubuntu”. For some reason, you may need to create a new user. The simplest way of creating a new user in Ubuntu is:

sudo adduser burak

Please note that you need to specify the name of the new user instead of “burak” here. After running the command above, ubuntu will ask for the password for the user. Type the password twice. Then it yields some questions about the new user. If you do not need those details, you can leave blank them by pressing enter several times.

adduser command

That is all. We have a new user with the name “burak”. Let’s verify it.

grep '^burak:' /etc/passwd

check the new user on /etc/passwd

Tada! Here we have a new user with the home directory /home/burak by default.

Alternatively, we can use another command (useradd) to create a new user, we can set some properties by using it.

sudo useradd -s /bin/bash -d /home/burak/ -m -G sudo burak

sudo passwd burak

For the first line;

-s /bin/bash refers to the login shell, at this moment keep it as “/bin/bash”.

refers to the login shell, at this moment keep it as “/bin/bash”. -d /home/burak -m refers to home directory for the user and creates home directory. You can provide custom path.

refers to home directory for the user and creates home directory. You can provide custom path. -G sudo gives the user super user permissions. The user can use “sudo” command.

For the second line, passwd command is used to set a password for the new user. You can use that command for existing users too.
How To Integrate Appimages Using AppimageLauncher.
Tags: Debian, Linux, Ubuntu, Fedora, Linux Tutorial

Appimages, we all love them. They are easy to install and run on any Linux distro. However there is one flaw. They are not in your system’s menu. Now, you could put them in the desktop. However, that is not always a option. There is a solution. AppimageLauncher is a piece of software that integrates a appimage with your menu on your desktop environment. I am going to go over how you can install appimagelauncher to integrate your appimages.

Ubuntu:

If you are a new user, chances are that you are using Ubuntu or one of its derivatives like linux mint. If so, you can use a ppa to install it really easily. Simply type these lines into your terminal.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:appimagelauncher-team/stable

sudo apt update

sudo apt install appimagelauncher

Debain:

While Debain uses the same package manager, it doesn’t have that fancy ppa tool. So you are going to need to install using a .deb file. I will link to releases page below. There you can download the rpm and deb files. Once you have the .deb file you are going to have to type this in the terminal.

cd Downloads
Setup Android Tooling for ubuntu/PopOs 20.04 for React-native among others
By: One Ted
Tags: Android App Development, React Native, Popos, Ubuntu

Install Android-SDK.

sudo apt install android-sdk

After the instalation you will have a folder called android-sdk in /usr/lib

2. Create a folder called cdmline-tools inside the android-sdk folder

sudo mkdir /usr/lib/android-sdk/cmdline-tools

3. Download the Android command line tools zip from here (https://developer.android.com/studio?hl=en-419#downloads)

4. Unpack the file you just downloaded inside /usr/lib/android-sdk/cmdline-tools

sudo unzip /path/for/commandlinetools-linux-6200805_latest.zip -d /usr/lib/android-sdk/cmdline-tools

5. Go to you home dir and edit your .profile

nano .profile

6. Create an ANDROID_SDK_ROOT variable

export ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=/usr/lib/android-sdk

7. Put the sdkmanager folder in your path

export PATH=$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/cmdline-tools/tools/bin:$PATH

8. Save and Exit

9. Reload you profile

. ~/.profile

10. Run

sdkmanager --version

You should see the version printed in your terminal.

11. Run

sudo chmod -R a+rwX /usr/lib/android-sdk

This is to make that folder writable for mainly installs of different sdk versions and such other matters
A macOS like keyboard remap for Linux with GNOME shell (Ubuntu, Fedora)
By: Petr Stepanov
Tags: Keyboard Shortcuts, Linux, Keyboard, Ubuntu, Autokey

To begin with I’ll tell you I’m not a big fan of keyboard remapping. Before you start think twice if you really want to do so. Sometimes it is easier to get along with the default keyboard layout provided by the system. Otherwise this thing can go pretty far down the road :-)

The struggle becomes real if you are taking advantage of a number of computers around with different systems installed on a daily basis. Or maybe you have a virtual guest machine with another system. A constant switching back and fourth between macOS, Linux (and Windows sometimes) made me look into the remapping issue.

In this article I want to demonstrate the way I remap the keyboard on GNOME based Linux distribution (like Ubuntu or Fedora) in a way to mimic the macOS behaviour. At the moment only X.Org display server is supported. To my understanding Wayland is not mature enough to support the keyboard remapping functionality.

Here is the list of scenarios I’d like to have working:

Have left control working in Terminal to be able to kill processes with control+c , use default combinations for Nano editor etc. Use left command to click select items in Nautilus and have all generic key combinations working across applications: command+s to save, command+b for bold text, command+n to create a new file and yada yada. On macOS I often launch apps with Spotlight. So having command+space to show applications screen on Ubuntu was a must have for me. There is one trick here. By default, Eclipse IDE uses control+space to display assistant. So we need to differentiate between command and control keypress. Next thing we want to imitate the home and end keys functionality with macOS command+left and command+right combinations; not to mention the shift modifier that adds selection. Its nice to have some Finder key combinations in Nautilus: command+up or command+down to navigat`e in the file system, command+shift+. to show hidden files and so on. Last but not least, I’d love to have some neat macOS features like switch windows of the same application with command+' , launch the overview and show the applications list, taking screenshots etc…

How to Install the Keybindings

Please refer to my GitHub repository at https://github.com/petrstepanov/gnome-macos-remap for installation instructions. It’s very straightforward: you check out the repository and launch the install.sh script.

Spotlight alternative

I recommend installing the Ulauncher application launcher. It provides similar functionality to macOS’s Spotlight search. It is possible to assign the command+<space> keybinding to fire up the Ulauncher — just like in macOS.

Now go ahead and give it a try ;-)
GOPHISH & MAILHOG
By: Abdibasid Issack
Tags: Mailhog, Gophish, Ubuntu, Kali Linux, Phishing

A Disclaimer: Authors of this content, will not be liable for any malicious use. This article is purely for educational purposes

GOPHISH is a powerful open source tool used to simulate real life phishing attack within the organization. The purpose of this attack within the specified organization under the specified agreement, is to bring awareness and educate the employees on how to avoid phishing attacks.

Procedure of installing the GOPHISH tool in Linux

Download GOPHISH tool through git clone

Or downloading the zip file. Then extract to a specified directory or folder

2. Go to the directory

3. Run the executable gophish (usually its green in color)

Automatically it will start the admin server on the local host (127.0.0.1:50470)

4. Copy the IP address and paste it on your browser

5. You will get a prompt indicating that the site is not secure. Proceed with the clicking on the advanced button, then and as an exception, then automatically it will refresh the tab.

6. The username is: admin the password is: gophish. Below you will be the welcoming page.

7. We can’t see anything because we have not set any. Let’s start by creating a user. On the right upper side there is dropper. Click and choose users and groups

8. Click on a create group or user button, then fill in the information (this is a victim information page)

9. Create a new email template, make sure the email is enticing and looks legitimate beyond doubt

10. Create a landing page. The landing page should be similar to the legit site. If you have a preferred login page, then put the link of that page so as to import the codes.
Linux or Windows? Which one is better for AI or Deep learning projects.
By: Mahesh Pardeshi
Tags: AI, Linux, Ubuntu, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning

If you see the above image then I don't have to type anything. If you are using a windows machine and after few mins working on complex models if you see the above screen, Don't Be Scary!

Those I do not use so much of computing power in windows still I get the above frustrating window in Windows OS.

So what is the right option while choosing the OS.

If you will ask me, I will suggest that Ubuntu is the best beat for the AI/ML projects.

Ubuntu is much smoother than the windows. You will face very fewer slowness issues on Ubuntu.

There are some other factors also to choose the Ubuntu over Windows as below.

Ubuntu is Free It is more Secure It is Open Source No malware, no crapware, no virus, no worm, no system slowdown. Better Performance. Great Community Support. What do you want more?

Now the problem is there in our mindset. We say that we have more exposure to Windows and feel Linux is complex to use. But if you make a mindset that I want to switch to Ubuntu then don't look back. Just start. You will see lots of roadblocks or problems in the initial days but if there is Will There is the way. Solve all the small issues and move ahead one day you will love Ubuntu.

I am preferring Ubuntu 16.04 for all of the ML work.

I hope you will like my blog. Good to see in AI/ML journey.

For More Details click here
Is There a Difference between Scripting and Coding?
Tags: Scripting, Programming, Linux, Ubuntu, Development

If you are often part of internet conversations where people talk about coding and scripting, you must be living with confusion. You wonder what the difference is between scripting and coding. People on the internet like to throw the two terms as though they are the same. In some ways, yes, there is nothing wrong with using them interchangeably. However, when you talk about their definitions, there are some differences. In simple terms, coding and scripting are two different processes even though they might appear identical to people who are not programmers.

Scripting vs. Coding

The first thing you have to know is that programming and coding will be used as synonyms throughout the post. The main difference that you have to know is that a code can be executed alone to give you a logical outcome. Coding is an umbrella term like digital marketing. Scripting is just a small part of this umbrella term. You can take the example of digital marketing and internet marketing. While these two terms are used interchangeably as well, you know that digital marketing is a broad term whereas internet marketing refers to marketing on the internet only. You would not call marketing with LED signs in your store internet marketing, but it is digital marketing.

There is another way to look at the two terms and understand their differences. A code lets you create a program. On the other hand, a script lets you control the program that you created with coding. Thousands of lines of code is compiled to run a program. On the other hand, a script runs within that program to control a certain aspect of it. More precisely, you might want to automate a particular process within the program with the help of scripting. In short, scripting is the next step after coding.

It is also important to note here that coding is much more complex and difficult than scripting. You require a lot less coding when you create scripts for your programs. You will use different types of languages for coding and scripting. A commonly known scripting language is JavaScript, also written shortly as JS. On the other hand, the famous programming or coding languages include names like HTML, C, etc. At this point, you should also know that a code needs to be compiled. Contrary to that, a script is not compiled but interpreted. These are strict programming terms and you have to understand their differences.

Bottom Line

You should be able to spot the difference between the two right now. It is okay to use the terms interchangeably when talking generally with people. However, you have to be careful when using those terms when you are conversing with developers, coders, programmers, etc. At least, it should be clear to you at this point that these are not the same things. To make things easy, scripting is like a name of a particular type of fruit. Scripting is one of the many categories within that fruit. All scripting can be called coding but all coding cannot be called scripting

Brought to you by MUL8R. Just click to script! https://mul8r.com
Installing Docker on Ubuntu
By: Govind Bhardwaj
Tags: Ubuntu, Docker

Docker is the most popular containerizer in Linux World today. This post guides you through the installation steps required for Docker in Ubuntu. Ubuntu 16.04 or later is required for this guide. Need help in installing Docker in CentOS, follow this guide. Let’s begin.

Uninstall old versions

sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc

Installing Docker-CE

SETTING UP THE REPOSITORY

Update the apt package index:

sudo apt-get update

Install packages to allow apt to use a repository over HTTPS:

sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg-agent software-properties-common

Add Docker’s official GPG key:

curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

Use the following command to set up the stable docker repository.

INSTALL DOCKER ENGINE

Update the apt package index.

sudo apt-get update

Install the latest version of Docker Engine — Community and containerd:

sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

You can test if docker is installed by using the following command

sudo docker version

If you would like to use Docker as a non-root user, you should now consider adding your user to the “docker” group with something like:

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

For further references follow the User Guide.

Please show your love by clapping if you found this useful. Comment if you have any issues regarding this installation. Follow me on twitter @kumargovind88

That’s all folks! Happy coding…
How to easily install Odoo 12 on Ubuntu
Tags: Odoo, Odoo 12, Ubuntu

Okay..Lets cut to the chase, first thing we need to do is download the script so lets open the terminal and go to any directory we want to save the script and run

sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Yenthe666/InstallScript/12.0/odoo_install.sh

Next, after we done downloading the script we need to configure it first to make it sure it run properly as we want it.

If you have any text editor you usually used you can open the script manually by it or if you're in terminal mode then you can use GNU nano to open the script from terminal

sudo nano ./(your install script file directory)/odoo_install.sh

If you are already inside the directory you can just

sudo nano odoo_install.sh

Here is how its looks like

Next, after we opened the script there are some stuff we need to consider and modify a bit before we start installing

OE_USER : Replace the value in this field for creating user that will run Odoo in your system

OE_PORT : Replace it to the port where you want to run Odoo on,

THIS ONE IS IMPORTANT, if you already have installed Odoo before and haven't installed it yet, you need to define new unused Port for this one. If not your Odoo wont run properly

if you already have installed Odoo before and haven't installed it yet, you need to define new unused Port for this one. If not your Odoo wont run properly IS_ENTERPRISE : On default this value is False for Odoo Community Version, if you want to install the Enterprise Version you can set the value to True

OE_SUPERADMIN : Is the Odoo superadmin password, you can change it to any password you want to use

This is how it looks when you are done configuring the script

Then we save and exit the nano with Ctrl + X, press Y and press Enter to replace the script before

Next, we make the script executable by using this command

sudo chmod +x ./(your directory)/odoo_install.sh

If you are already inside the same directory you can just

sudo chmod +x odoo_install.sh

Then we execute the script by using this command

sudo ./(your directory)/odoo_install.sh

If you are already inside the same directory

sudo ./odoo_install.sh

Press Enter then we wait the script to run…

You might want to get some coffee while waiting the script to finish

And if you see this

Congratulations, your Odoo installation was successful andthen you can open Odoo instantly by opening your browser by going to

In my case, my port is 8122, and this is how it should looked like

You are set and ready to go explore Odoo

Thank you for reading, Good luck…
CUDA 10.1 installation on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
By: Vladislav I. Kulbatski
Tags: Ubuntu 20, Ubuntu, Cuda 10, Cuda, Nvidia

*also works for Ubuntu 18.04

I’ll start my story with saying that I had issues like three years ago with CUDA 8.0 and Ubuntu 16.04. This time I’ll be smarter and document the process for my future self.

Start terminal and remove any NVIDIA traces you may have on your machine.

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cuda*

sudo apt remove --autoremove nvidia-cuda-toolkit

sudo apt remove --autoremove nvidia-*

2. Setup the correct CUDA PPA on your system

sudo apt update

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers sudo apt-key adv --fetch-keys http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64/7fa2af80.pub sudo bash -c 'echo "deb http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64 /" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cuda.list' sudo bash -c 'echo "deb http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/machine-learning/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64 /" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cuda_learn.list'

3. Install CUDA 10.1 packages

sudo apt update

sudo apt install cuda-10-1

sudo apt install libcudnn7

4. As the last step one need to specify PATH to CUDA in ‘.profile’ file. Open the file by running:

sudo vi ~/.profile

And add the following lines at the end of the file:

# set PATH for cuda 10.1 installation

if [ -d "/usr/local/cuda-10.1/bin/" ]; then

export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-10.1/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-10.1/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}

fi

5. Restart and check the versions for the installation.

CUDA:

nvcc – version nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver

Copyright (c) 2005-2019 NVIDIA Corporation

Built on Wed_Apr_24_19:10:27_PDT_2019

Cuda compilation tools, release 10.1, V10.1.168

NVIDIA Driver:

nvidia-smi

libcudnn:

/sbin/ldconfig -N -v $(sed ‘s/:/ /’ <<< $LD_LIBRARY_PATH) 2>/dev/null | grep libcudnn

Enjoy CUDA coding!
How to fix Ubuntu 18.04 freeze after boot when NVIDIA card installed
By: Vladislav I. Kulbatski
Tags: Cuda 10, Cuda, Nvidia, Ubuntu

In this quick guide I will show how one could easily fix that annoying freeze after Ubuntu 18.04 installation. Should be noted that it is funny that driver used during the installation works absolutely fine, but one that you will use after installation is done — will keep you crashing.

Start the computer. After the bios keep pressing ‘E’ or ‘ESC’ to initiate grub. On the grub screen click select ‘*Ubuntu’ and press ‘E’

3. Find the line that starts with ‘linux’ and remove ‘quite splash’ and type ‘nomodeset’ at the end of the line.

4. Press ‘F10’ and boot. The screen resolution should be really bad as we just disabled all graphic drivers. The good news — freeze is now gone.

5. On the last step we need to fix it once and forever. Open terminal and run:

sudo vi /etc/default/grub

Find the line

$ GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=”quiet splash”

and add ‘nomodeset’, so at the end it will look like the following:

$ GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=”quiet splash nomodeset”

Pass the changes to the grub by running command:

sudo update-grub2

6. You are all set. Now it is good time to install correct NVIDIA drivers. For example from here.
How to Install Jenkins-sonar-learning
By: Abhishek Kumar
Tags: Sonarqube, Jenkins, Ubuntu

SonarQube is an open-source platform developed by SonarSource for continuous inspection of code quality to perform automatic reviews with static analysis of code to detect bugs, code smells, and security vulnerabilities on 20+ programming languages.

To Install Java

sudo apt update

sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk

To Install Jenkins



wget -q -O —

sudo sh -c ‘echo deb

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install jenkins sudo apt updatewget -q -O — https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian/jenkins-ci.org.key | sudo apt-key add -sudo sh -c ‘echo deb http://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list’sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install jenkins

To start Jenkins

sudo service jenkins start

Install Maven, CodePipeline plugin

Configure Maven Configure Java

sudo update-alternatives — config javac /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64

https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Installing+Jenkins+on+Ubuntu

To Install Sonar

Add the following entry in your /etc/apt/sources.list :

Update your local package index and install Sonar:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install sonar

To configure Mysql for Sonar

http://dev.mamikon.net/installing-sonarqube-on-ubuntu/

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

mysql -u root -p

CREATE DATABASE sonar CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

CREATE USER ‘sonar’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘sonar’;

GRANT ALL ON sonar.* TO ‘sonar’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘sonar’;

GRANT ALL ON sonar.* TO ‘sonar’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘sonar’; sudo apt-get install mysql-servermysql -u root -pCREATE DATABASE sonar CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;CREATE USER ‘sonar’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘sonar’;GRANT ALL ON sonar.* TO ‘sonar’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘sonar’;GRANT ALL ON sonar.* TO ‘sonar’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘sonar’;

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Open /opt/sonar/conf/sonar.properties

sonar.jdbc.username=sonar

sonar.jdbc.password=sonar sonar.jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sonar?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&useConfigs=maxPerformance

To start sonar
How to create sudo user in Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS
By: Sachin Sharma, Senior Devops Engineer
Tags: Useradd, Linux, Ubuntu, Usermod, Sudo

The sudo command provides administrator privileges to user, ordinarily only available to the root user, to normal users. This article will show usthe easiest way to create a new user with sudo access on Ubuntu. We won’t be updating/modifying your server’s sudoers file.

If you want to configure sudo for an existing user, simply skip to step 3.

Login to the server with root OR switch to the root.

ssh root@server_ip_address

OR

ssh rootuser@server_ip_address

sudo su

2. We can use adduser command to add new user to the system. Be sure to replace the username with your user name.

adduser username

2.1. Set and confirm the new user’s password at the prompt. A strong password is highly recommended for root, since anything can be done on server/machine with that access.

Enter new UNIX password:

Retype new UNIX password:

passwd: password updated successfully

2.2 Write the information for the user. If you want to leave the value blank then just press Enter .

Changing the user information for username

Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default

Full Name []:

Room Number []:

Work Phone []:

Home Phone []:

Other []:

Is the information correct? [Y/n]

3. use usermod command to add the user in sudo group.

usermod -aG sudo username

4. switch to the user. su — username

5. switch to root of that user. sudo su | sudo -i

6. Now you can run commands which can be run via only root user.

This is very basic from linux and wrote the article because of having queries for above multiple times.

If you like this, please give clap/s for me, it really motivates me to write more useful things.

If you have anything in your mind and want me to write about that then also you can suggest me. My LinkedIn profile in the bio, you can connect with me from there.

Thank you very much for reading this.

Happy Learning !!! 🙂 📚
Ubuntu 15.10 Codename ‘Wily Werewolf’ Released — How to Install Desktop Guide with Screenshots
By: Linux Tech Expert
Tags: Ubuntu

Ubuntu is probably the most well known Linux distribution right now and it’s used by millions of people around the world. It’s recognized to be one of the most user friendly Linux distribution, which is probably why it gained it’s popularity.

What’s new in Ubuntu 15.10

Before we start we should mention what is new in Ubuntu 15.10. The changes in this new version are important, but not that glamorous as some may have expected. As promised earlier Ubuntu 15.10 comes with kernel version 4.2. This means that Ubuntu will have better support for:

New AMD CPUs

Intel SkyLake CPUs

Better drivers for sensors

New drivers for different input devices

Of course, kernel version 4.2 has some important bug fixes, which should also provide better overall performance.

Here is what else is new in Ubuntu 15.10:

Persistent network interface names – you can now setup custom names for network devices. The names will remain even after reboot

Overlay Scrollbars – the annoying Ubuntu scrollbar has finally been fixed

Core application updates – as usual Ubuntu ships with the newer version of it’s core applications

for more details visit this article

http://linuxtechexpert.com/ubuntu-15-10-codename-wily-werewolf-released-how-to-install-desktop-guide-with-screenshots/
Ubuntu upgrade from 18.04 lts to 20.04 lts
By: Atul Khiste
Tags: Ubuntu 20 04, Linux, Ubuntu

The latest version of Ubuntu is 20.04 lts and is named as “Focal Fossa”.

To start with the upgrade the first and foremost thing is to backup

the server . The rest procedure is as follows:

The current os version can be recorded from/etc/os-release file.

Once done with backup we need to update all packages of ubuntu 18.04

to latest by running the command

sudo apt update

After successful update just upgrade all the installed packages to

latest using the command

sudo apt upgrade

Now remove all unused old kernels as they wont be used any further

removing them might help us clear some space on the disk.

sudo apt — purge autoremove

Install update-manager-corepackage if not already installed.

Now upgrade the system to latest lts.

sudo do-release-upgrade

If you come across an output like this :

Checking for a new Ubuntu release

There is no development version of an LTS available.

To upgrade to the latest non-LTS development release

set Prompt=normal in /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades.

Use the following command to upgrade the system forcefully

using -d option with the command used above.

sudo do-release-upgrade -d

Once upgrade is complete reboot the system .

After reboot we you can check the /etc/os-release file to confirm

the updated version.
Properly set gestures on KDE Plasma
Tags: Gestures, Linux, Ubuntu, Libinput, Kde

Do you have a pretty delicious precision touchpad and you want it to shine in KDE? Here is how.

The first thing we are going to do is install libinput-gestures with

sudo apt-get install xdotool wmctrl libinput-tools -y

now clone the project from github

git clone https://github.com/bulletmark/libinput-gestures.git && cd gestures

sudo make install

start the deamon with

libinput-gestures-setup autostart

add your current user to the input group to read the touchpad input

sudo gpasswd -a $USER input

log out and login againt to compleate the install

NOTE: on arch there is a AUR package that will do the installation all for you

Now we want to install the Gestures app in order to configure all with a simple GUI right?

git clone https://gitlab.com/cunidev/gestures && cd gestures

sudo python3 setup.py install

Open the app, click on the + and here we have some choices. Basically we could set some xdotool commands to emulate keyboard shortcuts, but sometimes they could cause troubles, for example if an app is locking a key or if you are in an input filed. To get around this issue, we can submit commands to kwin directly. In a terminal type:

qdbus org.kde.kglobalaccel /component/kwin org.kde.kglobalaccel.Component.shortcutNames

those are all the commands available; to select Window Close for example, enter the following

qdbus org.kde.kglobalaccel /component/kwin org.kde.kglobalaccel.Component.invokeShortcut “Window Close”

that is it. thanks to this reddit user for the commands
Wine 5.0 Released: Improved Support For Windows Games And Apps
By: Yashdeep Raj
Tags: Linux, Windows, Releases, Ubuntu, Wine

Wine is a reliable savior that makes it possible to run many Windows applications on GNU/Linux, macOS, and Ubuntu at native speed without slowing down the system. Now, its stable version Wine 5.0 has been released.

After a year of effort, with over 7,400 individual changes, Wine 5.0 arrives with major improvements such as Direct3D and XAudio2 reimplementation, and Vulkan 1.1 and Multi-monitor support.

Wine 5.0: What’s new?

Recently, end of support for Windows 7 has largely encouraged the Linux developers to speedup various OS or app development to lure Windows users as much as they can, who are looking for its alternative OS platform.

Wine offers the advantage of all the strong points in Unix (such as stability, flexibility, remote administration) while using the Windows applications you want, on the Unix-based platform.

Hence, for rendering better performance to the gamers, Wine 5.0 uses high-performance system clocks to reduce the overhead in many games. Game controllers are better supported, including hat switch, wheel, gas and brake controls.

For a better image, graphics come with support for multiple display adapters and monitors, including dynamic configuration changes. D3DX includes various fixes, to provide additional graphics functionality on top of Direct3D.

Also, Wine 5.0 reimplements the XAudio2 libraries to use the external FAudio library and sound driver support for better compatibility and per-channel adjustment.

Moreover, application update also becomes easier with Microsoft Installer (MSI) patch files support — that contains all the information required to update the application along with .msu update files installation by the WUSA tool (Windows Update Standalone Installer).

You can read more features listed in the release notes. You can download the Binary packages of Wine 5.0 from here.
How to Install Nagios in Ubuntu 16/18 | Cloud2Help
By: Vivek Gupta
Tags: Nrpe, Cloud2help, Ubuntu, Continuous Monitoring, Nagios

In this article, we are going to see how to install Nagios in ubuntu 16 and 18. Nagios is one of the most popular continuous Monitoring Tools which continuously monitoring the IT infrastructure like Server, Services, Applications, Printer, Router, Switches, etc. It can detect and repair infrastructure problems, and stop future issues before they affect end-users. It gives your IT infrastructure complete status and its performance.

Read: How to install Nagios on Redhat/CentOS 7 and 8

Why Nagios?

Nagios Core is an Open Source monitoring Tool.

Easy to set up and manage.

Continuously Monitoring IT Infrastructure.

It monitoring Database services and Application services (Apache, Postfix, LDAP, Citrix, etc.).

It runs on any Operating Systems.

It has a wide community of support

Nagios also has Altering Feature.

Pre-Installation Step:

before the installation of Nagios, some packages must be present in your Linux Box Apache and PHP.

For Ubuntu/Debian

Enable Some modules which require for Nagios

sudo a2enmod cgi auth_digest rewirte auth_form authz_groupfile session_cookie session_crypto

After installation of Apache starts the Apache service, by running the below commands.

sudo systemctl restart apache2 sudo systemctl enable apache2 sudo systemctl status apache2

To read the complete article please visit Below Links
Use Kali Linux tools in Ubuntu and other Debian based OS in a convenient way.
By: Vinayak Dubey
Tags: Linux, Ubuntu, Ethical Hacking, Computer Science, Cybersecurity

Use Kali Linux tools in Ubuntu and other Debian based OS in a convenient way. Vinayak Dubey Feb 9·4 min read

Any OS is a hacking OS if you’re notorious enough

Greetings fellow “ethical” hackers. This tutorial will guide you on how to add Kali packages to your Ubuntu/Debian based system in a manner that won’t burn your system to the ground :)

There are a couple of ways to go about it. Building from source is always the sure shot way. But doing that might make you wanna question your existence sometimes.

The other way is to modify the apt repositories either by using apt commands or by manually editing the sources.d file. But its not as simple as it sounds.

Cut to the chase: for a quick fix, jump right to the solution here

SOME CONTEXT

Kali Linux: A Linux distribution developed especially for purposes like ethical hacking and cyber security

Apt: Apt is the official package manager of Ubuntu, Kali and other Debian based Linux distros.

Apt repositories: Apt repositories are where all the Debian packages are stored

BUT WHY?

If you’re a rebel then you probably use parrot, but Kali Linux is a pretty awesome distro and gets the job done most of the times. But there are a couple downsides to it.

If you’re using a virtual machine then the performance and the hardware support are limited. Kali is unstable and is therefore not advised to be installed directly to your system.

Therefore, I felt the need to use Kali tools on my Ubuntu installation.

Not only is it much more user friendly, but apart from hacking, I can also use it for day to day uses as well. It is also more stable and hence can safely be used as a normal installation which reduces the need for virtualization.
How to repair GRUB for Dual Boot if you accidentally deleted it?
By: Abhishek Mishra
Tags: Grub, Ubuntu 20 04, Linux, Ubuntu, Dual Boot

How to repair GRUB for Dual Boot if you accidentally deleted it? abhishek mishra Apr 6·3 min read

GNU GRUB

Recently, While trying to install windows on my System which already had Ubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa installed in separate partitions. It happens usually when you are using two or more operating systems on Bare Metal you accidentally end up deleting GRUB while installing the New O.S.

What’s GRUB?

GRUB stands for GRand Unified Bootloader. Its function is to take over from BIOS at boot time, load itself, load the Linux kernel into memory, and then turn over execution to the kernel.

GRUB is used in order to make your system aware of the fact that Linux is installed and provides you with the functionality to navigate to your Linux.

How did I accidentally deleted my GRUB?

I was trying to install windows 10 in my HDD’s one fragment as my previous window 10 was corrupt. And I already had Ubuntu 20.04 Installed in my system.

Skip to Step 5 of the install section if you have already installed windows in your machine.

The steps that I followed to install Windows 10:

1. Create a bootable USB Disk — Tutorial that I followed

Despite trying several times to generate a bootable USB Disk using ubuntu, There were several restrictions that I faced.

Windows bootable drive needs to be in FAT32 format and while mounting the USB drive the copy restriction of 4 Gb file size.

Solution -> Ask any friend of yours to Generate windows Bootable Drive using Windows USB/DVD Download. Run the same in windows OS.

2. Followed my machine’s creator (H.P.) on how to install Windows 10.

3. While installing windows, I came across the problem “Insufficient Space to install windows in The Drive partition specified”. Whereas the partition had 150 GB free.

At this stage I searched the web about the error, The solution I found was to delete/format the recovery drive for old windows.

“This is the step where Iaccidentally deleted my GRUB”

4. After my windows finished installing, I went into the BIOS screen to find out that my Ubuntu’s Option was gone. My Linux’s partitions were intact as I was able to see the same using Try Ubuntu Mode using BOOTABLE USB UBUNTU DRIVE (generated using RUFUS).

5. The last step was finding out how to repair GRUB, Gladly I found an article in ubuntu’s help’s section.

6. I was able to repair my Grub and regain access to ubuntu already installed on my machine. Special thanks to the creators of boot-repair. This saved me the effort to reinstalling Ubuntu and also I got my data back.

The screen generated after using the automatic repair option in boot-repair.

That’s all about the steps which I followed to install windows 10 on my machine which already had Ubuntu 20.04 and ended up accidentally deleting GRUB. And the tool that I used to repair it.
My experience with Ubuntu touch
By: Yehuda Clinton
Tags: Ubuntu

Nexus 5 ota 11

Here is the Ubuntu touch Nexus 5 page: Hammerhead

UBports app really was a simple. Plug in your phone and three clicks later its Ubuntu. The reverse however, wasn’t so simple. when I decided I needed android back UBports simply didn’t work. I had to use TWRP recovery which was much better all around compared to UBports.

Anyways back to my experience

It’s based on Ubuntu 16.04 which is old but still patched. (Perhaps the reason for this is that Ubuntu has dropped non 64bit support and my nexus is ARMx86)

So there is an app store for mobile Ubuntu apps but of course it doesn’t have most of the app I need. Lets say i want to install a desktop app with snap or apt and i don’t mind the screen size. You can do this easily but in doing so you block any further UBports OTA updates.

(This is by default, there is a work around to have a hybrid app system. This is a problem that has been hindering Linux in general but it leaves you out to dry in systems such as Ubuntu touch. Linus is promoting flatpack to fix this issue.)

Spotify premium app exists! https://open-store.io/app/com.mikeasoft.cutespotify

The browser needs a lot of work. This seems to have been fixed for other devices on OTA 15.
Setting up Wi-fi drivers for Ubuntu 18.04 follow below steps:
By: Ruchi Foujdar
Tags: Wi Fi Network, Ubuntu

Setting up Wi-fi drivers for Ubuntu 18.04 follow below steps:

Product: HP Laptop

Operating System: Linux

Note: Before installing RTL8723DE driver, you have to make sure that Linux kernel headers for your respective distros are installed. For example: In Debian/Ubuntu the package name sounds like “linux-headers-4.xx-generic”. In Fedora/RedHat, it will be kernel-headers-4.xx-x86_64 etc

Use below cmd to check Kernel headers are installed:

$ uname -r

$ apt search linux-headers-$(uname -r)

Before you can install the appropriate kernel headers, update your packages index, in order to grab information about the latest package releases, using the following command.

$ sudo apt update

Then run the following command that follows to install the Linux Kernel headers package for your kernel version.

$ sudo apt install linux-headers-$(uname -r)

Next, check if the matching kernel headers have been installed on your system using the following command

$ ls -l /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)

2. Install RTL8723DE driver

$ sudo apt update && sudo apt install git dkms $ cd Downloads



$ git clone -b extended --single-branch https://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new.git

unofficial

$ cd rtlwifi_new



$ /Downloads/rtlwifi_new$ make

$ /Downloads/rtlwifi_new$ sudo make install

After installing drivers you might face issues with wi-fi signal strength for that you may use below cmd:

$ sudo /bin/sh -c 'echo "options rtl8723de ant_sel=2" >> /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723de.conf'

And that’s it folks! Thanks for reading! I hope you enjoyed this article and found it useful, if so please hit the Clap button. Let me know your thoughts in the comments section
Setup dual boot on Lenovo T470s
Tags: Ubuntu, Lenovo, Windows 10, Uefi, Lenovo Laptop

Required:

Internet

USB drive (size >= 16GB)

Free hard drive space (size >= 30GB)

Lenovo T470s with Windows 10.

Overview:

Create a hard drive partition in Windows 10.

Install Ubuntu on a USB drive using third party client Rufus.

Modify boot settings in Windows 10.

Modify BIOS settings.

Boot to Ubuntu from the USB drive.

Install Ubuntu on the hard drive partition created in Windows 10.

Check boot order.

Done.

Steps:

_1. Create a hard drive partition in Windows 10:

Create a hard drive partition (size >= 25GB) using Disk Management (link).

_2. Install Ubuntu on a USB drive using third party client Rufus:

Download Ubuntu ISO ( link).

link). Download Rufus ( link).

link). Open Rufus.

Install Ubuntu on the USB drive and make it bootable (link). N.B.

select ‘FreeDOS’ in ‘bootselection’. It defaults to ‘non-bootable’ if not chosen.

_3. Modify boot settings in Windows 10:

Disable ‘fast start up’ in Windows 10 (link).

_4. Modify BIOS settings:

Have another device with internet ready for any problems and open this link on it.

Restart and press F2 when you see the Lenovo logo to enter BIOS setup.

Modify UEFI and secure boot parameters to boot from the USB (link). N.B. select ‘Both’ for UEFI parameter, not ‘Legacy’.

Save and exit BIOS if you have done the right thing.

_5. Boot to Ubuntu from the USB drive:

Restart and press F12 when you see the Lenovo logo to enter boot setup.

Select the USB drive. N.B. the USB drive will be under it’s original manufacturers name unless changed.

N.B. the USB drive will be under it’s original manufacturers name unless changed. You should now boot into Ubuntu on the USB drive.

Choose the option to test Ubuntu before installing. It might have latency problems or there may be other issues.

Install Ubuntu advanced (link). Or, choose ‘Install Ubuntu alongside Windows Boot Manager’ — the partition you created will still be used (link).

_6. Check boot order:

If after installing Ubuntu, you boot directly in Windows, check in UEFI settings for changing the boot order. If you see no option to set the boot to Ubuntu, you need to fix it from within Windows. When you are in Windows desktop, hover the mouse in left corner, right click and select administrator’s command prompt. Then run the following command: bcdedit /set "{bootmgr}" path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi This should make the Grub (Linux boot agent) default and hence you can access both Ubuntu and Windows from it.

(thanks itsfoss).

_7. Done.

Thanks for reading, any comments and feedback really appreciated.
Install OpenCL in Jetson TK1
By: Muhammad Yunus
Tags: Jetson Tk1, Clinfo, Pocl, Opencl, Ubuntu

Since NVIDIA is not releasing OpenCL for Jetson TK1 under L4T OS, we can’t run OpenCL on this board. Luckily, there is several opensource OpenCL implementation that can help us to solve this issue. One of the options is PoCL (Portable Computing Language).

PoCL (Portable Computing Language)

PoCL is a portable open source (MIT-licensed) implementation of the OpenCL standard (1.2 with some 2.0 features supported). In addition to being an easily portable multi-device (truely heterogeneous) open-source OpenCL implementation, a major goal of this project is improving interoperability of diversity of OpenCL-capable devices by integrating them to a single centrally orchestrated platform. [PoCL Page]

Installation

Install dependencies,

apt install -y build-essential ocl-icd-libopencl1 cmake git pkg-config make ninja-build ocl-icd-libopencl1 ocl-icd-dev ocl-icd-opencl-dev libhwloc-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev clinfo dialog apt-utils libxml2-dev

Install Clang+LLVM 6.0 from binary release,



wget cd ~wget https://releases.llvm.org/6.0.0/clang%2bllvm-6.0.0-armv7a-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz tar -xvf clang+llvm-6.0.0-armv7a-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz mv clang+llvm-6.0.0-armv7a-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz clang_llvm

Add environment variable into ~/.bashrc ,

export PATH=/home/ubuntu/clang_llvm/bin/:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/home/ubuntu/clang_llvm/lib

Reload ~/.bashrc ,

. ~/.bashrc

Download PoCL 1.3 source from github,

cd ~ git clone --single-branch --branch release_1_3 https://github.com/pocl/pocl.git cd pocl

mkdir build

cd build

Build PoCL by executing this command,

cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/pocl/ -DLLC_TRIPLE=armv7l-unknown-linux-gnueabihf .. make

sudo make install

Create pocl.icd file in /etc/OpenCL/vendors/ path,

mkdir -p /etc/OpenCL/vendors/

cd /etc/OpenCL/vendors/ sudo nano pocl.icd

Paste the following path,

/usr/local/pocl/lib/libpocl.so