fabiochiu/medium-articles huggingface dataset:
ChaletOS Is Discontinued With Version 16.04.2. The Developer Officially Acknowledged It.
By: Tomoyuki Takahashi
Tags: Chalets, Linux, Discontinued, Ubuntu

Since 2017, I’ve argued that (an Ubuntu-based distribution) is more elegant and easier to use than garbage Windows 10. ​In fact, I still use it regularly.

On April 23, 2020, the latest long-term support version of mainstream Ubuntu ( Ubuntu 20.04 LTS ) was released to the public. Since then, I’ve eagerly waited for ChaletOS to be upgraded accordingly.

I asked about the current status of ChaletOS

But ChaletOS was not updated at all.

I was so anxious that I contacted the developer, Mr. Dejan Petrovic, by email on November 29th to inquire about the current development status.

ChaletOS project is discontinued

He told me that the ChaletOS project is discontinued. ​No newer versions are available. With his permission, I quote part of the email text.

Sorry but project is discontinued. There is so many distributions and I dont have time for developing another one.

On a side note, he didn’t seem to be a native English speaker either.

Publicity on behalf of the developer

He also told me,

Sorry for bad news.

To tell the truth, I feel sorry too.

This is because I had highly recommended ChaletOS in the Japanese version of this site. But really, I had never imagined that a so user-friendly and sophisticatedly designed OS would be discontinued in such a short time.

I actively promoted ChaletOS in Japan; I felt a sense of responsibility as well. So I asked him if it is okay to announce through my blog and social media that its development is discontinued.

He agreed, saying, “Yes, please.”

I am not an influencer

Shortly after the conversation, I realized that I had forgotten something very important. It is that I am not a so-called influencer. And I’m not so good at disseminating information, especially outside Japan.

However, I think there are a large number of users around the world who are also expecting the update of ChaletOS.

So, if you read this article, I hope you will spread the official information that “the ChaletOS project is discontinued with version 16.04.2.”

Normally, the developer himself must announce it on the official website and social media. But it can’t be helped because sole proprietors have various limitations.

Better OS than Windows and macOS

I will look for an alternative distribution for some time. However, modifying Xubuntu to behave like ChaletOS seems to be the most reasonable alternative.

The discontinuation of ChaletOS development is a really sad thing.

But I believe there must be some Linux distributions that outperform both Windows and macOS.

Available for free

User-friendly, fully customizable

Sophisticated, elegant

If there is any promising information, I will disseminate it. So, please do not compromise on Micro$oft and Apple products.

Sort out an OS that is really worthwhile. Otherwise the tragedy of ChaletOS will be repeated.

Donation to Support the Mentally Disabled Living Alone in Japan
Ubuntu, Our Culture’s Operating System
By: Agile Actors
Tags: System Software, Growth Mindset, Ubuntu

Just like computers, ecosystems require a foundation or system software that provides and embraces common values and goals amongst its inhabitants.

We identify as a learning ecosystem that encourages and supports continuous growth of our professionals by providing the necessary tools for development within a culture which is cultivated on a daily basis by our Team through collective collaboration.

Ubuntu is an African concept that promotes the idea of a collective working towards a goal rather than an individual.

“I am because you are” is pretty much self-explanatory when it comes to trying to understand the ideology behind this proverb. Co-creating and working together is how we are able to work towards and achieve our common goals.

As Agile Actors, our values identify greatly with this outlook.

From close interpersonal relationships, like those built through our Coaching model, to our internal communities, or Chapters as we call them, where all professionals of the same expertise work together to promote and evolve their technologies, all the way to Agile Actors as a whole, we respect, empower and support each other.

“A person with Ubuntu is open and available to others, affirming of others, does not feel threatened that others are able and good, for he or she has a proper self-assurance that comes from knowing that he or she belongs in a greater whole and is diminished when others are humiliated or diminished, when others are tortured or oppressed, or treated as if they were less than who they are.” -Desmond Tutu, Human Rights Activist

Through peer support and self accountability towards our team and mutual goals, we are able to accomplish more.

Join us!
Install ubuntu desktop on AWS instance with Chrome Remote Desktop
By: Victor Leung
Tags: Aws Instance, Ubuntu, AWS, Cloud, Ubuntu Desktop

Nowadays, we have moved many things to the cloud, including your photos, your files and your servers, what about your desktop environment? Imagine you don’t need to carry your heavy laptop any more, and you can access to the computing power of your laptop from any thin clients, such as a tablet with keyboards at anywhere. It’s possible to achieve using AWS instance with ubuntu desktop and Chrome Remote Desktop. I tried other solutions, such as AWS Workspace or VNC connection, but still, find the Chrome Remote Desktop with the lowest latency and close to native desktop performance. Here is how to do so:

Logon to AWS console and launch an instance using the ubuntu server AMI.

2. Once the instance is launched, SSH to your ubuntu server. Update package manager and install wget:

$ sudo apt update

$ sudo apt-get install --assume-yes wget

3. Download Chrome remote desktop package and install:

$ wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/chrome-remote-desktop_current_amd64.deb

$ sudo dpkg --install chrome-remote-desktop_current_amd64.deb

$ sudo apt install --assume-yes --fix-broken

4. Next, we install the desktop GUI environment. I have tested out different distro and found that Xfce performs the best without fancy animations over a slow network.

$ sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install --assume-yes xfce4 desktop-base

5. Configure Chrome Remote Desktop to use Xfce by default:

$ sudo bash -c 'echo "exec /etc/X11/Xsession /usr/bin/xfce4-session" > /etc/chrome-remote-desktop-session'

6. Install xscreensaver as an alternative to the default Xfce locker, which doesn’t work with remote desktop:

$ sudo apt install --assume-yes xscreensaver

7. Disable display manager as there is no display connected:

$ sudo systemctl disable lightdm.service

8. Add your user account to the Linux group then logout:

$ sudo usermod -a -G chrome-remote-desktop $USER

$ logout

9. On your local laptop browser, open https://remotedesktop.google.com/headless Then follow the steps to set up another computer. You would probably copy command to your AWS command, similar to this:

DISPLAY= /opt/google/chrome-remote-desktop/start-host \

--code="4/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" \

--redirect-url="https://remotedesktop.google.com/_/oauthredirect" \

--name=

10. Finally, you can remote connect to your ubuntu desktop and have fun!

One extra tip is that you can display your screensaver, which is not necessary:

You can now access your desktop environment from anywhere with any device. It’s especially useful as a software engineer who wants to code with a full set of tools as a development environment at any time.

Written by Victor Leung who is a keen traveller to see every country in the world, passionate about cutting edge technologies. Follow me on Twitter
How to Use Google Drive in Your Ubuntu 20.04
By: Renjira Nd
Tags: Google Drive, Tutorial, Ubuntu 20 04, Ubuntu, File Management

More to This Stuff

Actually, i’ve been doing more than just looking at these files, I’m trying to use terminal on it too. Of course i can open the terminal, but it gets to another folder and when i use the ls command, it displays the file with symbolic link, im not sure of it myself.

You can see it displays some seriously weird stuffs, which we can’t read

So, i googled about it and the symbolic link, but i couldn’t find any answers, until this one shows up. So, we don’t actually use the ls command for listing the directory, but instead we use gio list . The gio (more here) more or less is another tool to interact with the filesystem. I couldn’t find the solution for ls so instead i use the command

gio list -d

to show the names of files and directory in google drive mounted in the ubuntu system.

As you can see, it shows perfectly fine

Another simplification is to do an alias which can shorten long commands into single word commands in this case i use lsgd keyword (for ls google drive) to alias the gio list -d . To alias a command you simply need to copy this code into your terminal and run it

alias aliasname='a very long and spacious comand'

for example:

alias lsgd='gio list -d'

and, when you run the lsgd command, it runs gio list -d instead

No Problem aliasing

Funnily, after trying to run in another terminal, it doesn’t save my alias. Google’d it again and found this one helpful material. So it needs to be saved to a file called ~/.bashrc which is located in the ~ or home directory. So, following the steps by Ryan Frankel, we need to edit the bashrc, add the command and source the bashrc.

Just like the steps before, all you need to do is put the alias command in the .bashrc file and source it. To edit the file you can use nano, vim or any text editor. I personally use nano . Run the following command

nano ~/.bashrc — to edit the bashrc file

— to edit the bashrc file go to the end of the line (you can scroll it)

add the alias lsgd='gio list -d' in the end

in the end write out the file using ctrl + o and exit using ctrl + x

Here’s an example

run source ~/.bashrc to immediately update the configuration
How to turn your Linux terminal into a calculator?
By: Manish Virgat
Tags: Calculator, How To, Linux, Ubuntu, Linux Tutorial

Now there are various ways in which you can use your terminal as a calculator. Let’s discuss this one by one:

Using calc command

calc command is the easiest way to convert your terminal into a calculator. You just need to enter calc in your command line and hit enter.

It is possible that calc isn’t installed in your system, you can see various commands below according to your system and can install calc .

For Debian/Ubuntu systems, use this command to install calc.

$ sudo apt install calc

For Fedora system, use this command to install calc.

$ sudo dnf install calc

For Arch Linux based systems, use this command to install calc.

$ sudo pacman -S calc

For RHEL/CentOS systems, use this command to install calc.

$ sudo yum install calc

For openSUSE Leap system, use this command to install calc.

$ sudo zypper install calc

Then it will ask for your sudo password, enter the password and then confirm the installation and it will be installed in your system. Once installed, you can run calc command to do mathematical operations like:

Usage of calc command
Hello!
By: Brezniczky János
Tags: Trello, Web Development, Programming, Linux, Ubuntu

These days I am getting increasingly excited about the app that I’m in the creation of, called Focus|Project - or F|P App, for short:

It’s effectively a simple Linux (also Windows) Trello client for now with a few extras (these do come with glitches — but it’s a beta). You’ll see, it’s a different take on the UX.

It’s likely lighter on the PC than what you’ve got used to, connects to Trello (that being the first integration), and that's it for now ;) currently free and likely there will be some free version always.

Keyboard folks like me I suppose will begin to like it soon :-]]

https://snapcraft.io/focus-project

Most users I expect will be able to successfully install it via

snap install focus-project --beta snap connect focus-project:password-manager-service

It is intentionally as well as due to its early stage a reduced functionality app.

For instance, images and attachments are yet to come - whilst board view isn't in the plans. Okay, that might be scary, but then it might be speedier than you'd expect... it's primarily meant to support you while working on the card, and perhaps making smaller scale decisions like picking tasks, or even fiddling with the sprint structure.

Enjoy!

(Am grateful if you try it! If things go a bit crooked, please be a bit patient, it's rather beta now - in January, 2021 - but in my experience it shouldn't be too bad. If you just signal some interest, that's encouraging too.

Thank you!

… and if you’re bored, tons more of info - well, especially on usage! - is available at the app’s website)

+ here a few links will follow:
Make My Ubuntu Up and Running
By: Naeem Baghi
Tags: Ubuntu

Ok, mostly this article is not for publishing, and I write it for myself. As I am now installing a fresh new Ubuntu on my machine, I will write every step I am doing, so next time I hope I save lots of time during this process.

Ok firstly, I configured my hard drive and partitions using this answer in askubuntu site.

After installation finished, I installed very basic applications like Slack, Skype, VLC and Spotify.

Then I needed to install Chrome and VSCode so I installed them.

After that, cause I live in Iran, I needed a proxy thing (My favorite one is Tor), but as its website is somehow blocked in my country I needed a VPN connection to download and configure it.

Use this link to add a CPU and memory usage monitoring tool.

I installed openconnect using this command:

sudo apt-get install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

After that I used it like this:

sudo openconnect [server]

Then I’ve downloaded Tor browser and installed it using these two commands:

tar -xvJf tor-browser[etc] cd tor-browser[etc] ./start-tor-browser.desktop — register-app

configure a proxy for Spotify.

Also, use this link to install Polipo and convert Socks5 to https proxy.

After that search for Startup Applications in the app search, and add another app like the image below:

Add Polipo to startup applications

Install git:

sudo apt-get install git

Then use this command to configure git to use Tor:
Analytics Benchmark for Dual Samsung 970 EVOs in RAID 0
By: Mitch Swan
Tags: Analytics, Machine Learning, Raid, Ubuntu

In my relentless pursuit of an ideal platform for Analytics work I needed to create a workstation with very high data throughput. In my experience of real world Machine Learning disk speeds, IOPS and quality RAM are the critical bottlenecks in processing.

There are some pretty extreme options out there for RAID setups these days (Intel VROC) but I also required a compact solution I can take onto client sites. The hardware in this setup:

Intel NUC NUC8i7HNK with 8th gen Intel i7–8705G

2 x Samsung 970 EVO 500Gb NVMe SSD

32Gb DDR4 2400Mhz RAM

Ubuntu 18.10 Desktop

METHODOLOGY

Much of the advertising on SSDs focuses on the Continuous Read speed — this is a bit of a vanity metric but we will capture it with the GNOME Disk Utility built into Ubuntu. This was set at 50Mb samples

The more useful metric is the number of random Input/Ouptut operations per second (IOPS). The following simulates a database use case of of 75/25% Read/Write with a 4k sample size (imagine table / index operations). To do this, I have used the FIO tool.

fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randrw --rwmixread=75

BENCHMARK FOR SINGLE SSD

The first set of tests were a baseline for single SSD performance with no RAID.

BENCHMARK FOR DUAL SSD IN SOFTWARE RAID0

So after a bit of an odyssey getting Ubuntu to play nice with RAID. I was not able to set up a bootable drive in Hardware RAID0 (it can be done for Win10 but was not suitable for a docker based analytics machine).

The good news is that software RAID with Ubuntu actually outperforms hardware in many cases.

To install you need to use the Server version of Ubuntu with the following config:

https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/advanced-installation.html.en

After that to get the desktop run the following commands:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

And at last, the Benchmarks:

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

Overall placing NVMe drives in RAID does not yield much extra performance. This is likely due to the fact each NVMe already consumes 4 PCIe channels worth of bandwidth and other bottlenecks in the hardware limit further gains in RAID0.

AWS Benchmarks are self reported here.

These are still pretty insane numbers compared to the kind of throughput you can get with an AWS instance but RAID0 does not provide sufficient benefit to be worth the effort.

My advice, buy larger single SSD and save the effort (and M2 port).
The Cost of Indifference
By: Samriddhi Nandi
Tags: Indifference, Selfish, Ubuntu, Old World Charm, New Age

One for all and all for one

The selfishness of the current societal scenario sheds light onto the mannerisms of humans all around the world. The rustic charms of the old world are long gone along with the wise, white-haired elders, and we as a society have been reduced to the ‘me’ and the ‘I’ instead of the ‘we’ and the ‘us’. Cold, aloof, distant and introvert have become commonplace terms, to diplomatically describe the traits of being selfish and indifferent.

The African tribe’s tale of Ubuntu is a common one where the essence of being a human being is to believe in the value of ‘I am what I am because of what we all are’. But somewhere through the gravelesque grind of the mill of life, that essence has slowly withered away from out culture- especially those that are individualistic cultures.

Everyone is under the impression that hustle and survive is the way to reach beyond others instead of paving a path for others to come, with the incentive of nothing but the mere progress of the future generations. Altruism too, is truly a rapidly evaporating tendency. There is no space for goodness or kindness in a world whose goals resemble that of a chemical catalyst- fast and relentless. There in fact, should be a sense of relentlessness — but, in order to make life better for others. There in fact, should be a sense of rapidity — in helping one another and aiding each others’ growth. The superficial and farcical nature of human bonds has been reduced to exactly that- artificiality and farce.

By slowing down, by cultivating one’s interests, by healing one’s heart, mind and soul- can we be at peace.
Install gcloud/gsutil on Ubuntu
By: Nandan Pandey
Tags: Gcp, Google Cloud Platform, Ubuntu, Gsutil, Cloud

In this article, I shall show how to install gcloud/gsutil in very minimum steps on ubuntu although a same tutorial is provided here on official google docs but that is very heavily documented so I shall discuss only important commands here that are required to install. It will save lot of time.

So the purpose of this article is to show the commands that will be used to install gsutil and thus it will save time, so open terminal and let’s start-

a) Install apt-transport-https

sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates gnupg

b) Add the Cloud SDK distribution URI as a package source

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/cloud.google.gpg] https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-cloud-sdk.list

OR (if above not supported)

echo "deb https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-cloud-sdk.list

c) Import the Google Cloud public key

curl https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key --keyring /usr/share/keyrings/cloud.google.gpg add -

OR (if above not worked)

curl https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -

d) Update and install the Cloud SDK

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install google-cloud-sdk

e) Run any command as you wish

sudo apt-get install google-cloud-sdk-app-engine-java

OR

sudo apt-get install google-cloud-sdk-app-engine-python

OR

sudo apt-get install google-cloud-sdk-app-engine-go

f) Start gcloud

gcloud init

g) After starting gcloud it will prompt for logging in so if you want to do so then type “Y” and then it will redirect you to login page in order to login confirmation of google cloud account.

THE END : That’s it now you have successfully installed gcloud/gsutil. Now you can access all the functionality of google cloud from your terminal.

THANKYOU

Reference:

https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/gsutil_install
Ubuntu upgrade from 18.04 to 20.04 LTS: Installation Requirements for an Existing Rails Application
Tags: Rails Application, Ruby On Rails Development, Ubuntu 18, Ubuntu, Ruby on Rails

Ubuntu upgrade from 18.04 to 20.04 LTS: Installation Requirements for an Existing Rails Application BoTreeTechnologies Feb 4·2 min read

Upgrading Ubuntu from 18.04–20.04 is easy and takes a few moments. When it comes to Ruby on Rails app development, you need the latest version of Ubuntu to achieve smooth performance.

The command for upgrade is shown below:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

After upgrading Ubuntu, some sets of binary libraries were found missing while bundling the dependencies and serving the rails application.

You will also notice the following enlisted set of errors arising while serving the bundling the dependencies or serving the Rails application or if there are missing SSL certificates for a specific ruby version in the local machine:

Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

GYou must add /C=BE/O=GlobalSign nv-sa/OU=Root CA/CN=GlobalSign Root

CA to your local trusted store

OR

An error occurred while installing nokogiri (Nokogiri Version),

and Bundler cannot continue.

OR

-bash: cd: /usr/share/rvm/usr/ssl: No such file or directory

OR

SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=error: certificate verify failed

If you are facing any issues related to the specific nokogiri version used for existing Ruby on Rails rapid application development or SSL/CA certificates.

Then, install the following packages to successfully bundle the dependencies and serve Ruby on Rails application development:

pkg-config:

sudo apt install pkg-config

2. ffi:

sudo apt install libffi-dev

3. clang GCC compiler:

sudo apt-get install clang && rvm install ruby_version --with-gcc=clang

4. Libreadline 7 rather than libreadline 8

sudo apt --fix-broken install

sudo apt-get install -y libreadline-dev

Read more: Improve your Ruby on Rails application development performance using these 5 simple ways and take your RoR app development lifecycle to the next level.

Note:

You need to install the specific ruby version with the clang compiler as shown in the 3rd step above. It will throw errors if not installed with the help of the Clang compiler.

If your existing applications with the required gemsets are served in Ubuntu 18 and not in Ubuntu 20, after installing the above-required libraries then delete the gemset, bundle the dependencies again.

Contrarily, you can create a new gemset, bundle the dependencies, and serve the Rails application.

If you want assistance with more such upgrades & installations, connect with developers at our Ruby on Rails development company. Stay tuned for more articles.

Originally published at: https://www.botreetechnologies.com/blog/ubuntu-upgrade-existing-rails-application
Download/Upload a File/Directory from AWS EC2 Instance to Local Machine.
By: Rahul Gupta
Tags: Ubuntu, Filé, Download, AWS, Aws Ec2

Here , we will learn about how to exchange files between local machine and AWS EC2 Instance.

Related Links

Download a file from AWS EC2 Instance

By running this command you can download a file from AWS EC2 instance to your local machine.

$ sudo scp -i path/to/mykey.pem user@ec2–49–252–8–93.ap-south-1.compute.amazonaws.com:path/remote/filename path/local/directory

Download a directory from AWS EC2 Instance

By running this command you can download a folder from AWS EC2 instance to your local machine.

$ sudo scp -i path/to/mykey.pem -r user@ec2–49–252–8–93.ap-south-1.compute.amazonaws.com:path/remote/directory path/local/directory

# Hack 1 : To download folder from AWS EC2, You can archive it and then download it like a file .

Upload a file to AWS EC2 Instance from local

By running this command you can upload a file from your local machine to AWS EC2 instance.

$ sudo scp -i path/to/mykey.pem path/local/filename user@ec2–49–252–8–93.ap-south-1.compute.amazonaws.com:path/remote/directory

Upload a directory to AWS EC2 Instance from local

By running this command you can upload a folder from your local machine to AWS EC2 instance.
How to install Minecraft on Ubuntu — LinuxTechLab
Tags: Debian, Linux Gaming, Linux, Ubuntu, Minecraft

Learn how to install Minecraft on Linux (Ubuntu) in this simple tutorial. Minecraft has been a craze now for almost 9–10 years now but for those of you who don’t know about it.

What is Minecraft ?

Minecraft is an online game that allows users to create & explore their own, virtual world. Currently it is being maintained by Microsoft but was initially developed by Mojang Studies, which was acquired by Microsoft.

Minecraft is available for almost all OS like Windows, MacOS, Linux, Android etc. In this tutorial, we will learn to install Minecraft on Ubuntu.

Recommended Read: Simple guide on how to install STEAM on Ubuntu & CentOS /RHEL Also Read: Installing PlayOnLinux on Ubuntu & CentOS

How to install Minecraft on Ubuntu

There are two ways using which we can install Minecraft on Ubuntu, i.e.

Let’s discuss both these processes one by one.

Install using DEB package

To install Minecraft using .deb package, we will first download the package file,

$ wget https://launcher.mojang.com/download/Minecraft.deb

Now we install the package using the following command,

$ sudo dpkg -i ~/Download/Minecraft.deb

Installation is still not done as we will be encountering some dependency issues for the package file, which can be resolved by the following command,

Now some other packages will install & upon completion you will be able to launch the Minecraft launcher from the Ubuntu Application List. Open the Minecraft launcher & login the your account to enjoy the game.

Install using the Snap

2nd way for the installation of Minecraft on Ubuntu is using the snap package manager. Snap comes pre-installed on Ubuntu 20 but for older you might be required to install it, you can refer the following tutorial to install Snap on your system.

Once the snap is installed on the system, Install Minecraft using the following snap command,

$ sudo snap install mc-installer

This single command will install Minecraft on Ubuntu system, Launch the Minecraft installer, login & enjoy.

Please so let us know how this works out for you or if you have any questions or queries regarding this tutorial, please share those with us using the comment box below.

We are giving you exclusive deals to try Linux Servers for free with 100$ credit, check these links to claim your 100$,

DigitalOcean — 100$ free credit

Linode — 100$ free credit

We have more deals for you, CHECK HERE.
3 Tools to Monitor and Optimize your Linux System
By: Khuyen Tran
Tags: Linux, Ubuntu, Operating Systems, Monitoring, Desktop

Motivation

If you are a Linux user, you might want to know some important information about your computer such as:

System’s CPU usage, memory usage, and disk usage

System information

Disk usage of each folder or file and when was the last time that you used them.

Memory and CPU consumption of the running processes

Startup applications

Knowing those pieces of information will enable you to optimize your system.

In this article, I will show you 3 tools that allow you to do all of the things above and much more!

htop - an Interactive Process Viewer

htop is an interactive process viewer. htop allows you to view information related to command lines such as memory, CPU consumption, and how long it has been running.

I often use this whenever I notice a slow down in the speed of my computer and want to find out which processes have a major impact on the speed. I also use this to monitor how many cores and how much of the memory is being used when running a program or when training a model.

Packages for htop are available in most distros. To run htop, type

htop

You should see something like below:

Image by Author

In the image above, the commands are sorted by CPU%. It seems like the process /opt/brave,com/brave/brave takes the most CPU consumption among all the running processes.

Several shortcuts to try:

F4 : Show only processes whose names match the input text

: Show only processes whose names match the input text F5 : Layout the relations between processes as a tree. Type + or - to expand or collapse a subtree.

: Layout the relations between processes as a tree. Type or to expand or collapse a subtree. F6 : On the sorted view, select a field for sorting.

: On the sorted view, select a field for sorting. Home : Scroll to the top of the process list and select the first process.

: Scroll to the top of the process list and select the first process. End : Scroll to the bottom of the process list and select the last process.

View the list of all shortcuts here.

Baobab — Disk Usage Analyzer

If you want to get a graphical presentation of your disk usage, try Baobab. I often use this tool to figure out which applications take a lot of disk usage but haven’t been used for a while. Knowing this helps me to clean the files or folders that I no longer need.

Like htop, Baobab is also available in most distros. To run Baobab, type

baobab

And you should see something like below:

By using the graph to visualize the disk usage of each folder and file, we have a much better understanding of which folders or files take the most disk usage in our computer.
How to set up Appium on Linux
By: Areesha Altaf
Tags: Mobile Automation Testing, Appium, Linux, Ubuntu, Automation

Appium is an open source automation framework to be used for the automation of native and hybrid mobile applications.

On Linux we install Appium using command line. There are a few steps to setting up Appium.

1- Install dependencies

In order to install dependencies for Appium, we need to run the following command

sudo apt-get install build-essential \ curl git m4 ruby texinfo libbz2-dev \ libcurl4-openssl-dev libexpat-dev libncurses-dev zlib1g-dev

2- Install Linuxbrew

We need Node js to install Appium, so first we have to install Linuxbrew

3- Export the path variables

Just like in Windows, we have to set up path variables in Linux as well. Use the following:

vim ~/.bashrc export PATH=”/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin:$PATH” export MANPATH=”/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/share/man:$MANPATH” export INFOPATH=”/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/share/info:$INFOPATH” source ~.bashrc

Press shift + z to save and exit after adding this to the bashrc file.

4- Install gcc

Use linuxbrew to install gcc

brew install gcc

5- Install Node

brew update brew install node brew link node

Now we can use npm to install Appium

6- Install Appium

npm install -g appium npm install wd

7- Run Appium

Type appium on terminal and click enter.

Appium will be launched.

8- Set path variables

vim ~/.bashrc export ANDROID_HOME=~/Android/Sdk export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME/tools export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin source ~/.bashrc

Click shift +z to save.

At this point, all the necessary steps have been carried out.

Since we execute by terminal, you will not be able to find Appium in applications.

However, in your Downloads there will be a file with a name such as “Appium-linux-1.18.0–1.AppImage” having .AppImage extension.

How to run .AppImage file

1- Right-click on the AppImage and click the ‘Properties’ entry

2- Switch to the Permissions tab

3- Click the ‘Allow executing file as program’ checkbox

4- Close the dialog

5- Double-click on the AppImage file to run

Now you can launch the emulator, enter your desired capabilities in Appium, and start the session.
Playing with Audacity on Kubuntu
By: Hilal Arsa
Tags: Kubuntu, Audio, Ubuntu, Recording, Audacity

I was rather bored with coding stuff, so I start trying to record some audio with the most common and sophisticated tools for audio recording — Audacity.

It was pretty easy installing it, since I was using Kubuntu 18.04, I was able to install it by using command line :

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install audacity

and run the app by typing :

audacity

anywhere in the console. For windows and mac user, there’s installer for each of you in .exe and .dmg so don’t worry.

After few minutes installation, here’s what it’s look like :

Audacity

I was able to record nicely with my cheap microphone which automatically detected by the app. There’s just an issue on initial install where the input mic is too loud, which made the sound got clipped and sound kinda distorted, and I managed to fix it by reducing my microphone input from -40db to around -55db.

Next issue would be noise. I was recording in a small 3x3 room with high noise from outside street. With simple search, I found out some ways to reduce the noise by using the “Noise reduction” tools under Effect tab.

It sounded way better, but with trade-off of smaller voice output. I think there’s more to this effect and configs which can be searched further.

I also interested in making my voice more better with the famous “auto-tune” sound effect by using the tools provided by the app, this can come later.

Finally, overall, it’s a good app, I might use it for later if I had a chance for vlogging or creating podcast/tutorials video for My Youtube channel. I would recommend it for a low-end device because of its size and feature, also good for learning on sound/audio mixing if you’re a beginner.
Instalar Base de Datos MariaDB en Ubuntu 18
By: Samuel Vargas
Tags: Base De Datos, Ubuntu, MySQL, Instalación, Mariadb

Entorno de Configuración:

- Ubuntu 18 Bionic

- MariaDB 10.4

Instalar Dependencias

Instalar el Repositorio respectivo para MariaDB

Instalar MariaDB, Server (Servidor) y Client (Cliente)

Verificar inicio del Servicio

Ejecutar Script de Seguridad (Instalación Segura)

Responder las preguntas de seguridad y asignar clave de usuario “root” de acceso a la base de datos.

RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB

SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):

OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorization.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] Y

Enabled successfully!

Reloading privilege tables..

... Success!

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] Y

New password: XXXXX

Re-enter new password: XXXXX

Password updated successfully!

Reloading privilege tables..

... Success!

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y

... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y

... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y

- Dropping test database...

... Success!

- Removing privileges on test database...

... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!
Switching between Mac and Linux made easier
Tags: OS X, Shortcuts, Mac, Hotkeys, Ubuntu

There might be cases where you need to be working in both OSX and Linux. Switching between Mac and Linux is very hard because of the different shortcuts. To ease the pain of switching between Mac and Linux, I have researched extensively on the alternative of auto hotkey (windows hotkey which can be used to change the keyboard shortcuts in windows to that of a Mac, you can read it here). The solution came in the form of Autokey. To install autokey in ubuntu use the following commands:

sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install autokey-gtk

Once you have installed autokey, you can set up the shortcut mappings using a new phrase or script. I have used multiple phrases to create shortcut mapping. I have created a repository with the most common shortcuts along with some sublime editor’s shortcuts. You can find the repository here.

Use the following steps to add the shortcut mappings to autokey:

Download the repository in any folder. By default the data for autokey is present in ~/.config/autokey/data folder. Move the mac-keys folder in the repository to ~/.config/autokey/data folder. Restart the autokey application.

Done! Now, you will be able to use most of the mac shortcuts in linux.
My Linux development setup
By: Lucas Ciruzzi
Tags: Web Development, Linux, Ubuntu, Setup, Terminal

So this is basically just a list of stuff I currently set up on my PC to code when I’m installing Linux on it:

Latest Ubuntu release (I recommend to use torrent to download it faster):

https://www.ubuntu.com/download/alternative-downloads

https://www.ubuntu.com/download/alternative-downloads When installing, I chose the minimal installation (I really don’t use Libre Office or anything like that, I just go ahead and use Google Docs).

After installing, I open the terminal and install some basic stuff:

sudo apt install curl git gnome-tweak-tool htop mc zsh

After installing that, I go to the oh-my-zsh GitHub and follow their instructions to install that beauty.

The powerline fonts need to be installed in order to render certain characters in the terminal, so I go ahead and follow their instructions.

I then install the spaceship theme for oh-my-zsh and follow their instructions to install it.

My ~/.zshrc file looks something like this: https://gist.github.com/lukeshiru/c72c93cfd13ebd64536230bc18e36aba#file-zshrc

file looks something like this: https://gist.github.com/lukeshiru/c72c93cfd13ebd64536230bc18e36aba#file-zshrc Then I configure git trough a ~/.gitconfig like this one: https://gist.github.com/lukeshiru/c72c93cfd13ebd64536230bc18e36aba#file-gitconfig

like this one: https://gist.github.com/lukeshiru/c72c93cfd13ebd64536230bc18e36aba#file-gitconfig Then I download the node latest binaries from here and install them in a custom folder that I call ~/.node.

I tend to install some global npm packages that I like using pnpm. First installing pnpm, and then the rest trough it. After I’m done, I run the node-gyp-install command to make sure node-gyp is installed properly.

npm i -g pnpm && pnpm i -g fixpack fx live-server node-gyp-install parcel-bundler pnpm rimraf ts-node typescript yarn && node-gyp-install

I run this command to increase the number of file watchers for node scripts:

echo fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf && sudo sysctl -p

When that’s done, I go ahead and install VSCode.

I obviously use Google Chrome for browsing and testing my web apps, so I download it from their official website.

A lot of apps that I use are installed as soon as I login in my Google account, because they are web based (such as Gravit Designer, Google Docs and so on).

Because I like dark environments, I use the gnome-tweaks command to set up a dark theme OS wide.

And that’s pretty much it. I’m forgetting some stuff for sure, so I’ll update this article as soon as I remember more stuff.

Thanks for reading!
Tutorial #3— PostgreSQL Database Setup, Backup and Restore
By: Srp Blogs
Tags: Postgres, Ubuntu

Step 01: Installation

$ sudo -s $ echo 'deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ xenial-pgdg main' >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list $ wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add - $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install postgresql-10



Step 02: Set Up Password

It was one of challenging tasks for us, we walked through different blogs and answers on stack overflow till we finally found out the solution as:

$ su — postgres

$ psql

(in psql prompt) # \password postgres (Set password to postgres)

There is an extra step that for resetting password in postgres, where we need to change some lines in the postgres config file.

$ sudo vi /etc/postgresql/10/main/pg_hba.conf

You will find below line of codes in the config file.

# Database administrative login by Unix domain socket

local all postgres peer # TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD # “local” is for Unix domain socket connections only

local all all peer

We have to replace peer to md5 at both the places. After this Save the file and exit. As we have changed the config file , We need the restart the postgres service.

$ sudo service postgresql restart

To reset the password for postgres user , follow the steps given below.

$ sudo passwd postgres

Enter new password as ‘your_password’

Note - Please remember the password as this password will be used later in the project.

Step 03: Database Creation and Privileges

Now we will create our new database and set all privileges to user postgres.

$ su — postgres

<your_password>

$ psql

<your_password> # \l [ List out the databases for user postgres ] # CREATE DATABASE <your_dbname>;

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE <your_dbname> TO postgres; # \l [ You will see your newly created database ] # \q [ Exit the psql shell ]

exit [ Exit the postgres shell ]

Step 04: Database Backup and Restore

Backup

$ pg_dump -U postgres — format=c — blobs <your_dbname> — file <dump_name>

Restore

$ su - postgres

<your_password>

$ psql

<your_password> # DROP DATABASE <your_dbname>

# CREATE DATABASE <your_dbname> # \q [ Exit psql shell ]

$ exit [ Exit postgres shell ] $ pg_restore -U postgres -d <your_dbname> -1 <dump_name>

That is all for this tutorial , hope you have setup the PostgreSQL Database.

We will continue with yarn package manager and Project Directory Structure. Stay tuned.

For Regular Updates and other blogs of the this tutorial series. You may Follow — React DJ Facebook Page

Our series of tutorials are currently organized at — srplabs.in

For Introduction of the Tutorial Series You may read — Building Practical Web Applications with React & Django
Do you want to try OpenStack? Training-lab can be an easy way out.
By: Nachiket Tapas
Tags: Training, Ubuntu, Controller, Openstack, Cloud Computing

The installation of OpenStack projects is a bit tedious and time consuming. For an end-user trying to get his/her hands dirty for the first time, it is actually too much to ask, prompting users to look for alternatives. During this search, I came across OpenStack training lab, an official try-it-yourself project making OpenStack deployment easier for first time users. You can follow the steps at https://docs.openstack.org/training_labs/. You choose your platform and the flavor of OpenStack you want to try and download the set of scripts.

The prerequisite for the training lab is any hypervisor software like VirtualBox or KVM. Following is the directory structure of the setup:

All the scripts related to the installation are present in the scripts folder. Each project has a separate installation script and a corresponding log is created in the log folder. In case there is some error, you can check corresponding log in the log folder and search for error on google to rectify it. There are three scripts which you need to run in sequence. First you need to run create_hostnet which will create host-only network in VirtualBox/KVM. Secondly you need to run create_base which creates a base machine with Ubuntu image. The .vdi file created at the end of this stage will be used to create a two machine configuration (controller — compute). Finally, you need to run create_ubuntu_cluster_node to install OpenStack. The final architecture will be as follows:

Resultant Example Architecture.

You can access the Horizon dashboard at the location http://10.0.0.11/horizon with domain as default, user as admin/demo, and password as admin_user_secret/demo_user_secret. The user id/password for other services can be found in the document present at http://www.netlabsug.org/documentum/Openstack-Laboratory-Guide_v5.0.1-Pike-Release.pdf.
Setting Up Ubuntu to Make Yourself Wanna Work — zsh and Multitouch Gestures
By: Anudeep Tubati
Tags: Linux, Bash, Ubuntu, Productivity, Terminal

Getting straight to the point, I guess the biggest challenge in switching to Ubuntu (from Windows, mostly) is the UI and some missing seamlessness here and there. At least it was, in my case.

So to get your Ubuntu to make you wanna work, I thought the first thing should be feeling amazing even when you’re just looking at it. The next, upping your terminal experience, as that’s what you interact the most with in Ubuntu (at least that’s the goal). Then, a small gift from me which will definitely make your Ubuntu experience lit.

How much ever you try to convince yourself about the potential of Ubuntu, you still kind of miss Windows (or maybe Mac).

Consider this analogy, say you own 2 cars. One looks all sporty, modern, doors come flying out of nowhere and all, but its performance is kind of mediocre. On the other hand, the second one looks like a rusty 80s model, but has much more performance than the first one. Though you know that the second one wins you races and gets you money, you’d still prefer the first one to go for a ride when you’re chilling. That’s exactly what I did.
Certbot under Ubuntu 18 with certbot-dns-route53 auto-renewal
By: Gino Busok Jr
Tags: Ubuntu, Ssl, Route 53, Certbot

We encountered an error running certbot-dns-route53 auto-renewal under ubuntu 18.

TLDR

Login as root then cd ~ then create .aws/config

Just some backgrounder. We are using certbot for our SSL certificates. And since we are using AWS route53 to manage our domains, we just used certbot-dns-route53 to request for certificates. We then created the required configuration file under ~/.aws/config. We are also using ubuntu 18, which by default is using systemd for init system.

If you followed certbot website instructions, a cronjob should have already been installed. Since we are using systemd, the cronjob that is being executed is NOT

/etc/cron.d/certbot

but rather

/lib/systemd/system/certbot.service and /lib/systemd/system/certbot.timer

So when I tried to manually run that service by running

sudo systemctl start certbot.service

I got this error

Unable to locate credentials

To use certbot-dns-route53, configure credentials as described at

I already have .aws/config under the user’s home directory. And the credentials are also working fine. But for some weird reason, the credentials were not found.

I tried running

sudo certbot renew

This runs perfectly. Certificates were renewed.

Then I realized, service is being run by root by default unless we set using User. I checked the service configuration and there is no value for User. So the service is being run by root and the service is trying to find the aws configuration under root’s home directory. So I tried logging in as root, copied the same .aws/config and put them under root’s home, then tried running the service again. Voila! It works. Certbot successfully renewed my certificates.