fabiochiu/medium-articles huggingface dataset:
Digital Currencies May Make SWIFT Redundant, Says Russian Central Bank: Report
By: Herald Jonesa
Tags: Currencies, Central, Digital, Redundant, Bank

Digital Currencies May Make SWIFT Redundant, Says Russian Central Bank: Report

Digital currencies may test as well as at some point can make redundant the SWIFT worldwide financial repayment system, according to a Central Bank of Russia authorities, Russia Today reported. Read extra: Bank of Russia Chair: Digital Ruble Is No Threat to Banks. https://www.bitcoinprofit.app/news/digital-currencies-may-make-swift-redundant-says-russian-central-bank-report/?feed_id=352&_unique_id=5fe74d1d1c970
digital marketing
Tags: Digital Marketing, Digital, Marketing

What is meant by digital marketing?

Digital marketing is the use of the Internet to reach consumers. Digital marketing is a broad field, including attracting customers via email, content marketing, search platforms, social media, and more.

What are examples of digital marketing?

Social Media Marketing (SMM)

Search Engine Optimisation (SEO)

Search Engine Marketing (SEM)

Email Marketing.

Marketing Automation.

Digital Advertising .

. Content Marketing.

What is digital marketing used for?

At a high level, digital marketing refers to advertising delivered through digital channels such as search engines, websites, social media, email, and mobile apps. Using these online media channels, digital marketing is the method by which companies endorse goods, services, and brands.

refers to advertising delivered through channels such as search engines, websites, social media, email, and mobile apps. these online media channels, is the method by which companies endorse goods, services, and brands. Is Digital Marketing difficult?

It’s highly competitive with more graduates wanting to go into the industry than jobs available. It’s also extremely demanding, and to forge a successful, lucrative career, you must be willing to work seriously hard and take some risks.

Is Digital Marketing a good career?

Digital marketing is a rapidly growing and evolving career path. As more channels of communication become available, the need for people qualified to keep pace with the demands grows as well. The type of person best-suited to excel in a digital marketing career is someone that possesses certain personality qualities.

Read the full article free:-www.thelifelead.com
I got a slice of the online pie
Tags: Cambridge, Blog, Real Estate, Digital Estate, Digital

Photo by <a href=”https://stocksnap.io/author/226">timothy muza</a> from <a href=”https://stocksnap.io">StockSnap</a>

The first class of investment I got introduced to was Real estate and this introduction was inadvertently done by an elderly friend. He did not buy to develop those properties except two, but he did buy to hold and sell in the future. He got good payoffs from all of those deals.

I must confess, I had every early opportunity to get into real estate, particularly in locations that have yielded significant returns but I squandered millions of Naira into projects I considered worthwhile. In return, I got massive blows and incurred significant losses.

My forecast of a positive NPV for that project was wrong (this NPV jargons is to dedicate a space to my finance professor in Cambridge, acknowledge his effort and to show that I at least learnt something in class)

What could I have spent millions of Naira on? I am not bold enough yet to tell you how I spent millions of Naira, but it was in a venture to help young people in Nigeria. I should have ordered boxes of Tsingtao and drank with all of the money instead. The foolishness of youth.

Now, I got my own space online (for less than $100). If I can’t get a physical piece of property to my name yet, I can get a property online. Ask those who have stayed in my house or visited me, they will tell you I’m good company. I will replicate this in my digital space. I will integrate medium into my blog but going forward, I will only be telling my stories and sharing everything that fascinates me on gbengaoyebanji.com

Get a piece of property online today and develop it.
10 siti sul natale tutti da scoprire
By: Enrica Ferrero
Tags: Christmas, UX, Digital, UI, Tide

Learn more. Medium is an open platform where 170 million readers come to find insightful and dynamic thinking. Here, expert and undiscovered voices alike dive into the heart of any topic and bring new ideas to the surface. Learn more

Make Medium yours. Follow the writers, publications, and topics that matter to you, and you’ll see them on your homepage and in your inbox. Explore
4 Benefits of SEO for Small Businesses
By: Pragnesh Shrimal
Tags: Digitalmarketingstrategy, Digital Marketing, Digital

1.Easy to use Websites

Search engine optimisation will help small businessmen make a quicker, smoother, and client more amicable website.

2. Acquire MORE Customers

Honestly, the core purposes behind having a website is to stand apart from your opposition and higher your client base. Sometimes you think, why contribute thousands of rupees on a website, correct? Businesses that have an SEO-friendly website bring MORE clients and develop as twice as than Businesses that don’t have one. Website design enhancement is presumably the most productive and moderate advertising procedure that exists today.

3. Better Conversion Rates

People search when they want to buy some product or willing to avail services so if someone gets you on Google, there is a high chance of a conversion rate and this is what businessman wants after putting efforts in any kind of advertising be it online or offline

4. Assemble Brand Awareness

One of the advantages of getting higher rankings on the SERPs is building brand mindfulness. At the point when your destinations show upon the principal page of significant web indexes, for example, Google, Yahoo, and Bing, your potential clients are bound to believe your image when they look for a specific term as opposed to different brands that don’t have a solid web presence. That is the reason private companies that need to fabricate better brand mindfulness (either locally or growing broadly) should put resources into SEO and begin picking up top rankings for the KEY expressions related to their business. We’re not during the 90s any longer; web indexes now assume a critical function in the creation or breaking your image.

If you are looking for SEO Services you can contact Team Brand Chanakya
Bitstamp Set To Stop Trading Of XRP For US-Based Customers
Tags: Cryptocurrency, Ripple, Digital, Investment, Bitcoin

Luxembourg-based cryptocurrency exchange – Bitstamp, has recently announced on Friday, 25 December, that it will put a hold on trading and deposits of Ripple, (XRP) for all its customers based in the United States.

"In light of the recent SEC filing against Ripple Labs Inc., which alleges that XRP is a security, we are going to halt all trading and deposits of XRP for our US customers on 8 January 2021 at 9 PM UTC.

We will closely follow the unfolding situation and continue to adapt accordingly.

Our US customers will still be able to withdraw XRP from Bitstamp. Customers from other countries are not affected.

Thank you for your continued support in this matter." The exchange announced on its Twitter page.

Bitstamp stated that it "will closely follow the unfolding situation and continue to adapt accordingly."

According to data from CoinGecko, Bitstamp's XRP/USD pair generated $120M in its daily trading volume.

Earlier this week, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filed a lawsuit against XRP, and alleged that Ripple and its executives, CEO Brad Garlinghouse and co-founder Chris Larsen, have raked in more than $1.3 billion from an ongoing, unregistered securities sales of the company’s token– XRP.

Following the complaint by the US Regulator, many market makers and crypto exchanges are beginning to halt their support for the digital asset.

While this new development might have caused Ripple a dump, the cryptocurrency rallied strongly on Christmas day. At the time of this writing, the coin was trading at $0.37389, with gains of about 30.35% on the day.

This price movement has propelled XRP's market value to $16.6 billion, an equivalent of 2.57% of the total cryptocurrency market value.
Covid was a Blessing
By: Krista Asp
Tags: Wired, Covid 19, Blessing In Disguise, Digital, Social Media

Covid was a Blessing

Yes, yes most of us have heard the opposite of this statement. "Thank God 2020 is almost over." "COVID has destroyed lives all across the world." And with all these I agree, it is not how I thought the year was going to be in my mind and certainly not how I planned to spend time with my family, but hear the other end of this argument.

Our society and many other areas of the far reaches of the planet have wired themselves into the system. What system is that you ask? The system which tells us that we don't need face-to-face interaction. That with one click, one tap we can transform our social lives by having more likes, more followers and a greater reach to others through technology.

Prior to the pandemic our kids were plugged into their devices more than at any other time in the world by watching countless hours of YouTube, creating videos on TikTok and streaming live video game sessions. Children are not to blame, they are the product of what they see and replicate this through the process of doing.

Adults disconnected from those around them, including their children to connect via social media to create and share the life they wanted others to see rather than what was happening behind the scenes. We fed into the message that being connected on social media was another outlet for relating and expression. Family game nights turned into sitting in front of the TV with each person connected to their own device, one on Snapchat, another on Facebook and so on and so forth.

What we thought was good, we also believed was good and it was until the COVID pandemic that the trajectory for our society was speeding towards a new digital matrix. And then, the electricity went out. All the beings that were trapped by the lure of the blue light were no longer being rewarded with the dopamine rush of the ding, vibration, and notification. We began to see that what we thought was connection really was in it's true form, a siren luring us in to entrap and devour every bit of our being.

How you say? We are doing more zoom calls, live sessions, social media networking, etc. And yet, this only connection to others without the outlet of connecting in person has led to higher rates of depression, anxiety, suicide, and other mental health conditions. Too much of a "good" thing has broken the system and has shown the deficit rather than the gain. What we thought was our social jackpot may have been what was slowly killing us and we didn't even know it until the lights went out. COVID may not have been the envisioned year for anyone in 2020, but in reality it may have been the blessing in disguise letting us know that we need is the connecting to our family, friends and coworkers in person rather than believing that social connection is just as good.
Бесконечные полки
By: Ivano Digital
Tags: Retail, Strategy, Digital, Transformation

Learn more. Medium is an open platform where 170 million readers come to find insightful and dynamic thinking. Here, expert and undiscovered voices alike dive into the heart of any topic and bring new ideas to the surface. Learn more

Make Medium yours. Follow the writers, publications, and topics that matter to you, and you’ll see them on your homepage and in your inbox. Explore
QUAI DAO, DeFi Accelerator for Innovative Projects
By: Quai Dao
Tags: Defi, Fintech, Digital, Fintech Startups, Blockchain

The QUAI DAO Accelerator team engages in creating and piloting the innovative path of DeFi acceleration programs for crypto technology projects. A new type of investment readiness platform, driven by an expert to market collective with the use of decentralized financial tools and instruments, geared to provide unique set of acceleration services to innovative crypto projects.

QUAI ACCELERATOR’S objective is to support & enhance innovation in technology and finance through improving the project’s framework and implement practical solutions for acceleration services on the QUAI platform, positively impacting the business growth trajectory and innovation.

QUAI ACCELERATOR provides results driven acceleration programs designed individually for each project. The expected change lies in the project’s access to resources, qualified experts, bespoke DeFi instruments and other unique acceleration services.

JOIN US ON: QUAI DAO DeFi Fueled Accelerator: Overview | LinkedIn

JOIN US ON: (1) QUAI DAO DeFi Accelerator | Facebook
Japan Gearing Up to Launch Its Own Digital Currency: Report
By: Herald Jonesa
Tags: Currency, Japan, Launch, Digital, Gearing

Japan Gearing Up to Launch Its Own Digital Currency: Report

The team is preparing to perform an usefulness research study for its online money in 2021. https://www.bitcoinprofit.app/news/japan-gearing-up-to-launch-its-own-digital-currency-report/?feed_id=240&_unique_id=5fe57cfcae5ad
Why digital marketing is important In (2021)
By: Mr Rahman
Tags: Digital Marketing Agency, Digital

In today’s time everything has gone online. Internet has made our lives better and through this we can enjoy many facilities only through phone or laptop.

We can do many things like online shopping, ticket booking, recharges, bill payments, online transactions (online shopping, ticket booking, recharge, bill payment, online transactions) etc. through internet. Due to this trend of users towards the Internet, businesses are adopting Digital Marketing.

If we look at the market stats, about 80% of shoppers do online research before buying any product or taking service. In such a situation, digital marketing becomes important for any company or business.

Digital marketing is the response to marketing your goods and services through digital means. Digital marketing is done through the Internet. We can connect to it through internet, computer, mobile phone, laptop, website adertisements or any other applications.

The first few attempts were made in the 1980s to establish a digital market but this was not possible. Its name and usage started in the late 1990s.

Digital marketing is a simple way to reach new customers. It carries out marketing activities. It can also be called online marketing. Digital marketing is marketing to reach more people in less time. It is a technological developing area.

Digital marketing allows the producer to reach his customer as well as keep an eye on their activities, their needs. What is the trend of customers, what is the customer looking for, all these can be discussed through digital marketing. Simply put, digital marketing is a means of reaching customers through digital technology.

So if you want to get complete information about it, then read the entire post on our official website oflox. Thank You…

Read Also:)

Top 10 Digital Marketing Company In Dehradun
Treedom: un regalo che cresce nel tempo
By: Giulia Ferrero
Tags: UX, Eco, Gifts, Digital, Tide

Learn more. Medium is an open platform where 170 million readers come to find insightful and dynamic thinking. Here, expert and undiscovered voices alike dive into the heart of any topic and bring new ideas to the surface. Learn more

Make Medium yours. Follow the writers, publications, and topics that matter to you, and you’ll see them on your homepage and in your inbox. Explore
Truxt
By: Vidyakumari Mig
Tags: Services, Label Truxt, Digital, Digital Services, Truxt

Opportunity to collaborate with new providers. Truxt you will never be able to collaborate with if they are not labeled. truxt provides confidence for the new digital service provider, with whom you will never be able to collaborate if they are not labeled.

If you are a digital service provider, you improve your reliability and validity then you have label truxt. label truxt proves the service provider has obtained a reassuring risk profile, allowing you to work with them with confidence.
單色LED，最基本的發光元件
By: Cheng-Lin
Tags: Blink, Led, Digital, Arduino

Learn more. Medium is an open platform where 170 million readers come to find insightful and dynamic thinking. Here, expert and undiscovered voices alike dive into the heart of any topic and bring new ideas to the surface. Learn more

Make Medium yours. Follow the writers, publications, and topics that matter to you, and you’ll see them on your homepage and in your inbox. Explore
Film The Lodge / Avis et Critique
By: Nicolas Winter
Tags: Movies, The Lodge, Severin Fiala, Veronika Franz, Horror

Learn more. Medium is an open platform where 170 million readers come to find insightful and dynamic thinking. Here, expert and undiscovered voices alike dive into the heart of any topic and bring new ideas to the surface. Learn more

Make Medium yours. Follow the writers, publications, and topics that matter to you, and you’ll see them on your homepage and in your inbox. Explore
The Beast
By: Babak Nozari
Tags: Monsters, Religion, AI, Horror, Social Media

Everyone… Be very careful… There is a new beast out there. It’s smarter than us. If you see it… you won’t recognize it as something to be scared of. The sight of it feels good. The sounds it makes also feel good and hook you in. It’s already watching you. The instant you see it, it begins making you feel good and starts wrapping itself around who you are. It sees you and learns about you. It knows how to best hook into you.

It’s hooks instantly start working on getting you addicted to a rush of feel-good chemicals. It doesn’t need to physically touch you to start getting you addicted. It pumps you full of addictive chemicals visually, auditorily, and through our thoughts.

This thing has already started breeding. It is not a new beast; it has been around for about 50 years (maybe much longer?), and has been wrapping itself into our society. Many others are already addicted and are being milked by it.

Most people are already being farmed by the beast. These beasts*. They have already multiplied and spread all around the world. They’re so smart that we’re giving our children to them.

If you look around you, you might see a few people being milked by the beasts. But, what you don’t realize is that all our thoughts are being morphed and shaped by the beasts. Everyone feels so good with these beasts, and we’re taking care of the beasts.

People are spreading the beast’s seed. They are trying to actively get you hooked on the visuals, auditory, and thoughts (not only those anymore — they’re in every aspect of our society and can control you in every way). If you look out there and could see the beasts… You’d see the entire factory farm… Of us… We are being farmed… An entire sea of people who are made obese. Not obese with fat… but pumped up fat full of ideas, thoughts, and chemicals that they don’t need. They are made plump for the picking.

These massive farms of obese people are taken by the beasts and have forgotten about themselves, their family, and their friends. Not entirely lost or forgotten… If you ask them, they’ll say they’re perfectly fine… But, they’re lost. They’ve lost their community. Their value systems are manipulated, and so are their thoughts and desires. So much so, that they’d tell you these are their own thoughts and values…

These beasts are smarter than you and I. They get us addicted through sight, sounds, and thoughts. They manipulate and farm us by controlling our family, friends, and communities. They’ve been around for 50+ years and are getting better at farming us. We need to wake up and see them for what they really are. But, I can see their hooks… They’re still in me… And still in you.
Ranking the Movies in the Silent Night, Deadly Night Series
By: Patrick J Mullen
Tags: Horror Movies, 1980s, Christmas, Lists, Horror

I’m including the sort-of-remake here. And just a reminder that I rank these movies based on quality, and a movie that I consider so-bad-it’s-good will still be ranked as if it’s bad. I point that out because I think the most entertaining movie in this franchise is actually the worst.

From worst to best:

6. Silent Night, Deadly Night Part 2 (1987) — 1/10

5. Silent Night, Deadly Night 3: Better Watch Out! (1989) — 2/10

4. Silent Night, Deadly Night 5: The Toy Maker (1991) — 4/10

3. Silent Night (2012) — 4/10

2. Silent Night, Deadly Night 4: Initiation (1990) — 4/10
Movie Review: Red Christmas (2016)
By: Patrick J Mullen
Tags: Horror Movies, Australian, Christmas, Movie Review, Horror

Though I can’t say I enjoyed this movie all that much overall, I’ll at least give it credit for its fairly promising premise. The child born of a failed abortion seeks vengeance at his lost mother’s mansion.

And it helps that the woman who tried to abort him is played by Dee Wallace, which is sort of a fun twist on everybody’s favorite movie mom.

And while the premise itself sets the movie up to be a political nightmare, outside of a fairly rough and poorly written opening act, that really is just the setup. We’re not dealing too much with pro-life and pro-choice stuff here. That’s just the backdrop to the story.

And once it gets going, the movie is very violent and bloody. Just like you’d probably want.

But the movie does lack in suspense. And while I like Dee Wallace, most of the other performances are pretty mediocre.

It’s an okay movie overall. It’s definitely not going to make it into my annual Christmas rotation.

Rating: 4/10
Freddy’s Nightmares episode review — 2.14 — Easy Come, Easy Go
By: Patrick J Mullen
Tags: Freddy Krueger, Television, TV, Tv Reviews, Horror

Original air date: January 14, 1990

Director: William Malone

Writer: David Braff

Rating: 4/10

This is a fairly weak episode, definitely one of the lesser ones. It’s your typical murdered spouse, ex-lover turned brother-in-law, and identical twin kind of thing. The twist at the end of the second story is kind of fun, though.

Wings Hauser is fun as usual in the second story, though there’s not enough of him.

Both stories are more focused on being a little sexy than they are on being scary. And I’ve mentioned this before, but this show just isn’t really on its A-game when it focuses on adult characters. This really should be more of a teen show.
Movie Review: Silent Night (2012)
By: Patrick J Mullen
Tags: Horror Movie Review, Christmas, Slasher, Movie Review, Horror

This is a very loose remake, which at first was pretty refreshing, but eventually, when the movie wanted to throw in a bunch of nods to the original movie and its first sequel, became a problem. At least for me. Recreating the scene with the catatonic grandfather, the antlers scene (with less nudity), and even a “garbage day” line all within about a half hour of each other was incredibly distracting for me. And it wouldn’t have been as distracting if the rest of the movie was more of a true remake.

But really we’ve got a different story here, different characters — all that.

This movie suffers a bit from uninspired casting, and I don’t mean Malcolm McDowell. He’s wonderful, and is the only person here who’s really perfect for his role.

The problem is the lead actress, Jaime King. She plays basically the exact same role in My Bloody Valentine 3D, which came out a few years earlier, and that really just makes this movie feel quite generic. It feels like a lot of other slasher throwbacks that came out around this time.

But at the end of the day, it’s a movie about a killer going around with a Santa suit.

There’s amusement to be had on the strength of that premise alone, but not much else.

Rating: 4/10
Review: Supernatural Season 9, Episode 5: Dog Dean Afternoon
By: Maria Cristina
Tags: Supernatural, Winchester, Supernatural The Series, Review, Horror

Okay. As a cat lover, I found this episode pretty hard to watch.

Did that guy really need to eat the cat? Surely, the writers could have spared us that. I’m okay with all the blood, guts, and gore that Supernatural can throw at me, but I draw a line at causing harm to animals, and that scene in the shelter was pretty gruesome.

To be fair, I wasn’t happy with the outcome for any animal in this episode. I guess we just have to hope that someone bothered to let those mice go free and that all the dogs that attacked the monster guy found good homes afterwards. I was a little miffed at Dean for letting all the dogs out. No matter how much they complain, those dogs were definitely better off in the shelter than on the streets. Especially the blind one!

I guess I should be grateful that no one killed a dog in this episode. I’m almost 100% sure that a dog has never survived an episode of Supernatural (except for the one that Sam ran over, but that was a close call). That being said, I really wanted Sam and Dean to keep that nice German shepherd, but given what happened in the bunker in the last episode, he’s probably safer with that vegan couple. Although, I hope they plan to feed that dog some meat!

All in all, however, I really enjoyed this episode. The whole Dr. Dolittle thing was really cute. I loved the talking animals, and I loved watching Dean getting in touch with his inner dog. The way he was hanging his head out of the window was too funny. It would have been cool if he could have kept his ability to communicate with animals; I feel like that would be a handy skill to have!

The “monster” in this episode was truly terrifying. I don’t know about you, but I don’t need to see a man with a snake tongue. I don’t know if it was right to use the dogs to kill him, but I am certainly glad he’s dead and he won’t be killing any more animals for their organs.

Also, what’s with all the allusions to Game of Thrones in this season?

Rating: 7.5/10
Movie Review: A Christmas Horror Story (2015)
By: Patrick J Mullen
Tags: Christmas, Canadian, Anthology, Movie Review, Horror

The fact that I didn’t find this to be a complete waste of time is pretty remarkable, given that I usually hate things with this kind of tone. I mean, Santa fighting off zombie elves is just that kind of horror comedy that would usually having me rolling my eyes.

And this is an anthology, which I think helps make it feel fresh. If it was all Santa vs. zombies, I’d have found it pretty exhausting. But at the same time, the movie goes for that Trick ‘r Treat kind of anthology, where the episodes aren’t clearly divided. It cuts back and forth to them, and they’re not really intertwined, so it’s a strange decision. I think the movie would have been more entertaining had it not done that.

Rating: 5/10
Man Who Ruined Halloween’ Recounting the horror story of Houston’s notorious ‘Candyman’
By: Wonder Earth
Tags: Reality, Stories, Horror, Halloween

Here where you can find a lot of interesting daily videos about: Discovery, Family stories, Facts, Mysterious, Funny and weird things
The Shining — Eh?. The film based on a book hated by its…
By: Mir Faisal Talpur
Tags: Movies, Horror, Netflix

Do you have a list of people you hate? Those who for some reason are in your bad books? The people who have wronged you? Well, time to get back on them. Suggest them The Shining, and then relax and enjoy the realization that they are about to waste their two hours on a pointless film.

I am a man of science who does not believes in superstition or ghosts, so I rarely go for the horror genre. Not believing in paranormal things does not mean I cannot get scared or cannot enjoy horror movies, on the contrary, I do enjoy getting goosebumps and fast heartbeats that result due to the environment that horror films create through sound, light, and shots.

The Shining did not do anything for me at all. If I am a lot lenient, I might have enjoyed the first half an hour of the movie, the rest one and a half hours were as dead as Jack frozen to death in the last scene.

The film seemed to lack direction. I cannot tell what is going on… who are ghosts and who not? What is happening and what is just the hallucination of the characters? Did the movie intend to show the effects of isolation on the social animal? If yes, it failed tremendously.

The plot did not impress me at all.

What impressed me is the cinematography of the film. One of the most colourful movies I have seen. Keeping in mind its 80’s release, the film deserves full marks as far as the use of colours is concerned. When the storm hits, I could notice the more white shade in colours even in the interior.

I also liked the camera angles. The point of vision shots trying to create anticipation, and background music in support of it. I have seen horror movies with a lot of better use of sound than this though.
Two sentence horror-Dolls
By: Erin Lord
Tags: Two Sentence Horror, Dolls, Storytelling, Horror, Poetry

I’ve always had the biggest collection of dolls, all different sizes and from different times. The coolest thing is though in the morning they’ve arranged themselves back on their shelf, all eyes are always on me.
Horror Haiku — Zombie
By: Erin Lord
Tags: Zombies, Short Story, Haiku, Horror

They thought it was flu,

Until my skin greyed, it grew.

They knew. I left few.
Two sentence horror story — Teeth
By: Erin Lord
Tags: Two Sentence Horror, Dark, Horror, Short Story

In your dreams if your teeth fall out it means you are losing control in your life; so what does it mean when I was grabbed from behind and had my teeth knocked out? Everything has gone so dark, I haven’t been able to count the days.
Horror Haiku — Blood moon
By: Erin Lord
Tags: Storytelling, Haiku, Horror, Poetry

Red moon glowing down,

Gazed upon all who drown,

Blood all on her gown
Reliable Message Delivery Using Transactional Outbox Pattern
By: Abhishek Chandel
Tags: Microservices, Distributed Systems, Transactional Outbox, Design Patterns

In a distributed environment, communication is the key, and failure in communication is not so uncommon. How do we deliver a message reliably and consistently. Let’s Begin.

The Problem

For almost all transactions happening on our website, we do a fraud check(Your money is safe with us). This fraud check operation can result in one of the three states — ACCEPTED, REJECTED or PENDING_REVIEW. PENDING_REVIEW cases require a human intervention, i.e. someone from operations has to go to their dashboard and do ACCEPT/REJECT, this triggers a callback to our Payments system and has to be propagated aptly to the downstream systems. The solution we are using(a very well-known one in its space) has a limitation that it will only invoke this callback once*. So, if any issues arise while processing this callback, it will result in order failure. Also, We need to be sure that this processing and the propagation(through events) to downstream systems happen consistently and atomically**.

This problem is a perfect use-case for Transactional Outbox Pattern.

What is it?

In this pattern, instead of directly writing to the desired table, we first put an entry in an outbox table, we store the payload we get in callback, as is, and mark it as pending, then a worker(we wrote a cron job) reads these entries in batches, then these batches are processed sequentially.For a record in a batch, we write to our original table first and then try to publish the message. If there’s an error in publishing message, we immediately rollback our write. If everything goes well, we process the next record in the current batch and mark this record as processed. The following diagram illustrates it.

Diagram might look daunting, however, it is fairly simple to implement, and it comes with tonnes of advantages.

Pros

Before we do any processing, we save the callback as is. This solves our first problem(marked as *) as we can always read the payload in case of exceptions. This enables us to replay messages at a later point in time. This is a huge advantage. This ensures, that we are delivering our messages consistently and atomically.

Conclusion

Microservice architecture comes with many benefits, however they also create multiple points of failure. Transactional Outbox pattern minimises the chances of failure and ensures the atomicity of the operation at same time.
Get Into The World Of Kubernetes
By: Saumy Srivastava
Tags: Kubernetes, Spotify, Microservices, Containers

Spotify is well known worldwide for its music service. Not so well known is its path to Kubernetes deployment has been a road with many twists and turns.

What also may be a surprise to many is that Spotify is a veteran user of Kubernetes and how it owes much of its product-delivery capabilities to its agile DevOps. Indeed, Spotify continues to increasingly rely on a container and microservices infrastructure and cloud native deployments to offer a number of advantages. This allows its DevOps teams to continually improve the overall streaming experience for millions of subscribers.

Spotify open sourced its in-house container orchestration service, Helios, in 2014. After several years of use, Spotify decided to make the switch from Helios to Kubernetes. Backed by thousands of developers, Kubernetes comes with a huge ecosystem behind it, and trying to reach feature parity with an in-house system not widely adopted by other enterprises is difficult, even for a business as large as Spotify.

It became clear that Spotify needed a managed solution rather than operating clusters from scratch. By moving to Kubernetes, Spotify would benefit with several features provided by Kubernetes.

How Spotify did it and still are doing it

Spotify decided to start small, experimenting with running one service on one Kubernetes cluster and then moving up to three services on a shared cluster for a few days.

Spotify continues to expand its use of Kubernetes on a monthly basis since its adoption a few years ago. Previously, Spotify had already begun to shift its operation to a containerized infrastructure before it began to consider the potential benefits Kubernetes might offer.

Despite its early adoption, Spotify began to shift to Kubernetes in earnest about two years ago. Kubernetes has since played a key role in Spotify’s DevOps in two key ways. This includes how the platform has helped to reduce toil. The second main benefit Kubernetes has provided is how the adoption of a cloud native infrastructure has enabled the music streaming giant to add a number of new tools and platforms to improve its production pipeline and operations.

During the past year, Spotify has been expanding the number of services it runs on Kubernetes while taking advantage of its highly distributed structures. For example, how Spotify moved data pipelines and machine learning to Kubernetes and “relies on it to build ephemeral environments.” Moving forward, the company still has to tackle a few challenges, including cluster management, multicluster operations in each region and building up support for data jobs, machine learning workloads and GPU workloads.

Moving step by step with steadily increasing goals, instead of a single, monolithic migration, allowed Spotify to steadily increase scope and complexity and handle unknown factors at a manageable pace, keeping morale for developers up.

In one of his interview, Mr. Jai Chakrabarti stated that :
I completely agree that no technical change happens overnight, and also, that most decisions are…
By: Dominique Simoneau-Ritchie
Tags: Monolith, Microservices, Domain Driven Design

I completely agree that no technical change happens overnight, and also, that most decisions are not black and white. Having worked in systems designed as monoliths and microservices, I think that designing systems according to the domains they represent and reducing coupling should be the focus and the priority as we make changes. With clearly defined interfaces, his easy to evolve a component from being contained within a monolith to its own microservice. Better yet, you might decide you get all of the benefits of a microservice with none of the downsides (such as easy integration testing) and never evolve past it.
Pokemon Go & It’s Lifeline kubernetes
By: Shreyash Kotgire
Tags: Arth, Kubernetes, Google, Linuxworld, Microservices

Pokemon Go was developed and published by Niantic Inc., and grew to 500+ million downloads and 20+ million daily active users and beaten all the records at launch

Traffic chart at servers

Pokemon Go engineers never thought their user base would increase exponentially to surpass expectations within a short time. They were not ready for it, and the servers couldn’t handle this much traffic. also faced a severe challenge when it came to vertical and horizontal scaling because of the real-time activity by millions of users worldwide and Niantic was not prepared for this.

Luke Stone, said, that the original estimation before launch of Pokémon GO was overthrown within the first hours after it went public, starting with Australia and New Zealand.

As you can see in the graph of traffic at server they expected a 1x player traffic with a worst case scenario of 5x player traffic but due to popularity of game and hype player traffic surged to 50x which was 10 times more than worst case scenario as a result servers were unavailable for short period.

The solution was in the magic of containers. The application logic for the game ran on Google Container Engine (GKE) powered by the open source Kubernetes project. Niantic chose GKE for its ability to orchestrate their container cluster at planetary-scale, freeing its team to focus on deploying live changes for their players. In this way, Niantic used Google Cloud to turn Pokémon GO into a service for millions of players, continuously adapting and improving. This gave them more time to concentrate on building the game’s application logic and new features rather than worrying about the scaling part.

Even to Google the launch of Pokémon GO was an experiment on unkonwn terrain. Never had an App mobilized so many users in such a short time they had to update some core Elements of the GKE to guarantee a sufficient Kubernetes Container on demand provisioning rate.

Pokémon GO was the largest Kubernetes deployment on Google Container Engine ever. Due to the scale of the cluster and accompanying throughput, a multitude of bugs were identified, fixed and merged into the open source project.

To support Pokémon GO’s massive player base, Google provisioned many tens of thousands of cores for Niantic’s Container Engine cluster.

All this upgrades and implementation of techniques , work efforts were paid off when the game launched without any problem in japan where the user base was tripled compared to US.

Thanks for reading !!
What are Microservices?. In a simple word, Microservice is just…
By: Abhishek Singh
Tags: Kubectl, Microservices

In a simple word, Microservice is just breaking down application features from monolithic architecture (where all the features, frontend, backend all in just one program, where generally consist of a single database).

EXAMPLE: Instagram clone with features like CRUD operation on post their likes and comments. All in a single program with one database.

The difficulty comes when you have to add new features to an already deployed application.

After adding new features to the single codebase. There’s risk in breaking other things in the codebase.

What we can do is separate all the features/services with their respective database (because the database can do only one thing at a time).

By separating service by User Authentication, post-service, comment service, like service and Frontend as Client Service

Now the question comes how to manage this many apps at once?

The Answer is Kubernetes.

Kubernetes is used to manage the apps by running them in a pod within a docker container.

Your app runs in a docker container, it creates a virtual/isolated environment that provides all the necessary dependencies for your app to run.

If this is hard to imagine, try seeing it this way

Here every single grape is a pod

One Bunch of grapes = One Bunch of pods

One Node = One Bunch of pods (One Node consist of Bunch/Cluster of pods )

The Node runs and manages the pods.

Is also called worker Node

Kubectl is a very powerful command-line interface of Kubernetes use to create & play with your pods.

How do we communicate from pod to pod in a node?

We can communicate from pod to pod in a node through the Cluster-IP service

We can access our pods through the Cluster-IP service

It is like an entry in the pod. Each pod has its Cluster-IP service

Cluster-IP service setup the port number and protocol like TCP/UDP.
How Java solved my personal problem
By: Sushree Soumya Mishra
Tags: Java, Microservices, Spring Boot

Have you ever faced my problem? Like me, have you thought of sending personalized party invitations (with a huge guest list)?

While sending out the party invitations to a large number of people, it is not really feasible to send a personalized message to everyone. I don’t really want to send different messages to everyone but at least “Dear <Name>” at the beginning of the message would work like charm.

So, this exactly is the idea of my app! Let’s call it “Messaging Service”.

So, this messaging service would accept an invitation message, a list of guests, their e-mail ids and mob numbers. Then the guest names would be appended to the invitation message by another service and the final edited message would be sent out to the guests.

To start with, I will stick with email. Here’s the high level flow:

Here’s the PoC code for MES: click here

Well, this PoC has already solved my problem!! I can actually send personalized emails to my friends using this code. Hurrayy!!

Why do we have two services for this use case:

Because we can scale up!! Well, nooo, the reason is that we can learn microservice to microservice communication. Also, we can learn about some security concepts.

The next step would be to create MS and then call MES from MS. Well, this won’t be a simple rest call. The reason is that we will have multiple instances for MES.

Something like this:

I’ll come up with another article that would explain the code and concepts used.
Hibernate e JPA com Spring Boot e Microservices
By: Marcelo De Souza Vieira
Tags: Udemy, Jpa, Java, Hibernate, Microservices

Learn more. Medium is an open platform where 170 million readers come to find insightful and dynamic thinking. Here, expert and undiscovered voices alike dive into the heart of any topic and bring new ideas to the surface. Learn more

Make Medium yours. Follow the writers, publications, and topics that matter to you, and you’ll see them on your homepage and in your inbox. Explore
Industries are Solving Challenges Using Kubernetes.
Tags: Kubernetes, Vimal Daga, K8s, Righteducation, Microservices

What is Kubernetes?

Kubernetes is an open source platform that automates Linux container operations. It eliminates many of the manual processes involved in deploying and scaling containerized applications. In other words, you can cluster together groups of hosts running Linux containers, and Kubernetes helps you easily and efficiently manage those clusters.

Kubernetes is a portable, extensible, open-source platform for managing containerized workloads and services, that facilitates both declarative configuration and automation. It has a large, rapidly growing ecosystem. Kubernetes services, support, and tools are widely available.

Why you need Kubernetes?

Traditionally, organizations ran their application on Physical servers, which was quiet hard to manage for both capital as well as managing the servers, For example, if multiple application are running at a single server, there might be possibility that one application is consuming large resource while few application is starving for the resource, a simple solution could be running different application in different physical server, but it was expensive and it is hard to manage many physical server.

As a solution, Virtualization Technology was introduced, it allows users to create multiple Virtual Machine (VMs) and run their application independentlly in an isolated environment and provides additional level security, but it comes with few disadvantage that is Each VM is a full machine running all the components, including its own operating system, on top of the virtualized hardware.

Containers are similar to VMs, but they have relaxed isolation properties to share the Operating System (OS) among the applications. Therefore, containers are considered lightweight. Similar to a VM, a container has its own filesystem, share of CPU, memory, process space, and more. As they are decoupled from the underlying infrastructure, they are portable across clouds and OS distributions.

What Kubernetes provides?
Microservices: Deep dive part-II
By: Jolly Srivastava
Tags: System Design Interview, Circuit Breaker, Service Mesh, Microservices, Microservice Architecture

Prerequisite: Before coming here do read:https://medium.com/system-design-concepts/microservice-deep-dive-c100f641db73

INTER MICROSERVICES COMMUNICATION:

How one microservice talk with another microservice?

Let’s say we have three microservice, order placing, merchant, and billing. While placing the order, (as we can see in the above image in step 2) we need to generate a bill for which this microservice calls billing microservice over HTTP/RPC call then it will update the order table and finally informs the merchant by calling merchant microservice. so here we can see synchronous communication is happening between these microservices.

Synchronous call

Here as we can see a client is requesting an API gateway which in turn forwards the request to microservice-1 which forwards the request to microservice-2 and gives back the response. This is the synchronous call. The advantage of this type of call is that it’s easy and in realtime. The disadvantage of making this kind of call is service availability, say for eg, we are calling microservice-1 which is calling microservice-2. Here microservice-1 expects microservice-2 to be available. If microservice-2 is down, here we won't get any response, we need to handle such situations and it violates the main purpose of going to microservice architecture i.e we expect microservice to be independent. This behavior results in tight coupling. Another disadvantage is the increased time in response time, what if microservice-1 calling microservice-2 which is calling microservice-3 which is calling microservice-4, and so on..there’s latency added to every call resulting in lots of latency.

Asynchronous call

Let again consider the same situation as above but this time microservice-1 instead of making an asynchronous call to microservice-2 and then wait for a response. Microservice-1 puts the message in the message queue of microservice-2. It is always good to have an async way of communication. Now they are not tightly coupled. Even if microservice-2 goes down, it can send the msg to the queue and loads the messages from the queue when comes up and acts. The advantage is fast API calls as we are not waiting for a response, services are decoupled (microservice-1 is not affected by the availability of ms2), no need for service discovery(microservice-1 doesn't really care about network address of microservice-2, all it need to know about is a queue). Disadvantages include complicated design, process latency (if the queue gets overloaded and service is not scaled), and monitoring costs.