STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SADAI INDUSTRY AREA, BANGKA SELATAN DISTRICT
Tags: Industry, Politics, Bangka Belitung, Development, Coastal

The purpose of implementing regional development is to improve services and welfare of the people in the regions to make it better, to provide opportunities for regions to regulate and manage their own regions, and to ease the burden on the central government so that the implementation of governance and regional development is more effective and efficient. Supporting factors for the achievement of regional development goals are influenced by stable regional economic conditions, quality human resources, good regional financial capacity, adequate infrastructure, and easy access to public services in the regions. If the regions are unable to create supporting factors in accordance with the criteria set by the government, then the regional development goals will be difficult to achieve.

The use of quality space can be achieved with good regional spatial planning (Subagyo, 2017; Wirosoedarmo et al, 2014). The importance of planning in the development of a region greatly influences the development of the country as a whole. The planning process determines the appropriate action by the community in an area. Actions are said to be appropriate when they are in accordance with the objectives, so that planning is faced with the question of what goals will be achieved and how to achieve them. In order to know these goals, it is necessary to have the presence of the community in determining the development of their area in the future which is called participatory planning.

Tukak Village is a coastal area and most (81.84%) of the village area has been designated as a provincial strategic area in the 2014–2034 Bangka Regency Spatial Plan, namely the Tukak Sadai Minapolitan Area and the Tukak Sadai Port Integrated Industrial Zone as a form of support for the economic life of the people in South Bangka Regency. Development of industrial strategic areas as socio-economic strategic areas through spatial planning and utilization as well as infrastructure network development that encourages regional development. From this development, many parties will be involved including the surrounding community who must donate their private land for the construction of road facilities or other developments. Therefore, Tukak Village is declared as an area that is in the process of changing land. This process occurs as a result of the factors that encourage land change to occur, such as agricultural land which previously dominated the area, which has now been converted into industrial estates and their networks, public facilities, tourist attractions and so on which have an impact on the community.

Development problems are also closely related to local government policies. This development cooperation, of course, had previously been a subject that was discussed carefully between investors and companies related to government officials, including village officials who should always exercise control over mutually agreed policies. It is very important to conduct a study on land suitability so that it becomes a reference for development activities in an area. Land conversion from one function to another must be carefully calculated.

Potential for Industrial Development in the Coastal Zone of South Bangka

The coastal area owned by South Bangka for industrial development is (81.84%) and is in the Tukak Sadai area. The potential of South Bangka Regency in the framework of industrial estate development is 4 field concepts, namely (Mining, Agriculture, Maritime / Tourism and Fisheries). An area and a commodity are considered strategic if they have the potential for strong backward and forward linkages. In the backward direction, it is hoped that the development of a strategic area can absorb labor and spur the growth of input provider activities in the form of input products (raw materials, raw materials and tools) and products of supporting services. In the future (foreward) the development of the area is expected to have the potential to trigger the development of processing activities and utilization of regional output products. This concept is felt to be still very normative, so the operational aspects of this sustainability concept also experience many obstacles. Haris (2000) sees that the concept of sustainability can be broken down into three aspects of understanding, namely:

(1). Keconomic continuity is defined as development capable of producing goods and services continuously to maintain the continuity of government and avoid sectoral imbalances that can damage agricultural and industrial production.

(2). Environmental sustainability: An environmentally sustainable system must be able to maintain stable resources, avoid exploitation of natural resources and function to absorb the environment. This concept also concerns the maintenance of biodiversity, stability of the air space, and other ecosystem functions that are not included in the category of economic resources.

(3). Social sustainability, social sustainability is defined as a system capable of achieving equality, the provision of social services including health, education, gender and political accountability.

The role of the industrial sector in economic development is to expand employment opportunities, produce goods and services needed by society, generate foreign exchange through exports and save foreign exchange through substituting imported products (Ministry of Industry, 2005). The development of industrialization followed by increasing physical development, without the support of environmental conservation efforts will accelerate the process of natural destruction (Sunu, 2001). This can be indicated by the reduction of several terrestrial and marine biota and species in these areas.

Industrialization is also inseparable from efforts to improve the quality of human resources and their ability to optimally utilize natural and other resources. This means that industrialization is an effort to increase the productivity of human labor accompanied by efforts to expand the scope of human activities. Industrial development can influence and change the perspective of an agrarian society which assumes that the industrial sector is everything. This condition will not be right if the agricultural sector still has good environmental carrying capacity and has the potential to be developed. This inaccurate perspective of the community will encourage the process of urbanization, namely that agrarian people leave their agricultural land to move to industrial cities with inadequate skills.

Sustainable Development Strategy

From the various existing concepts, the basic principles of each element of sustainable development can be formulated. In this case, there are four components that need to be considered, namely equity, participation, diversity, integration, and a long-term perspective.

Development that Ensures Equity and Social Justice

Development that is oriented towards equality and social justice must be based on such things as equitable distribution of land sources and production factors, equitable roles and opportunities for women, equitable economy achieved with a balanced distribution of welfare But equity is not an immediately achievable thing. Equity is a relative concept and cannot be directly measured. Another ethical aspect that needs to be addressed by sustainable development is the prospect of future generations that cannot be compromised by the activities of present generations. This means that the development of the present generation needs to consider future generations in meeting their needs.

Development that Respects Diversity

The preservation of biodiversity is a prerequisite to ensure that natural resources are always available in a sustainable manner for the present and the future. Biodiversity is also the basis for ecosystem balance.

Development Using an Integrative Approach

Sustainable development prioritizes the link between humans and nature. Humans influence nature in beneficial or destructive ways. Only by utilizing the understanding of the context of the relationship between natural systems and social systems. By using this definition, a more integrative implementation of development is a possible development concept. This is a major institutional challenge.

Development that asks for a long-term perspective

People tend to judge the present more than the future. The implication of sustainable development is a challenge that underlies this assessment. Sustainable development requires that a different assessment be carried out from the normal assumptions in the discounting procedure. The long-term perception is a sustainable development perspective. Until now, the short-term framework has dominated the thinking of economic decision makers, therefore it needs to be considered.

Ideally, the sustainability of Sadai Industrial Estate (KIS) development requires an attainment approach to the sustainability or sustainability of various aspects of life which include; ecological, economic, socio-cultural, political sustainability, as well as defense and security sustainability.

Ecological Sustainability

Ecological sustainability is a prerequisite for development and sustainability of life. Ecological sustainability will ensure the sustainability of the earth’s ecosystem. Environmental management of development is important for the sustainability of the ecosystem. This can be done through, prevention of environmental pollution, rehabilitation and restoration of damaged ecosystems and natural resources, increasing the production capacity of natural and human built ecosystems.

Economic Sustainability

Economic sustainability from a development perspective has two main things, both of which are closely related to the objectives of other aspects of sustainability. Macroeconomic sustainability guarantees sustainable economic progress and promotes economic efficiency through structural and national reforms. The three main elements for macroeconomic sustainability are economic efficiency, sustainable economic prosperity, and increased distribution and distribution of wealth. This can be achieved through macroeconomic policies covering fiscal reforms, increasing the efficiency of the public sector, mobilizing domestic savings, managing exchange rates, institutional reforms, appropriate market forces, social measures for human resource development and improving the distribution of income and assets.

Socio-Cultural Sustainability

Overall, social and cultural sustainability is expressed in social justice, human dignity and the improvement of the quality of life of all humans. Social and cultural sustainability has four targets in Sadai Industrial Estate, namely:

· Population stability whose implementation requires a strong political commitment, community awareness and participation, strengthening the role and status of women, improving the quality, effectiveness and family environment.

· Meeting basic human needs, by fighting poverty and reducing absolute poverty. Sustainable development cannot be achieved if there is a gap in the distribution of wealth or social class. Barriers to social sustainability must be removed by fulfilling basic human needs. The elimination of social class made it possible for her to get equal access to education, equitable land restoration and an increase in the role of women.

· Maintain cultural diversity, by recognizing and respecting the social and cultural systems of all nations, and by understanding and using traditional knowledge for the benefit of society and economic development.

· Encourage local community participation in decision making. Some of the requirements below are important for social sustainability, namely priority must be given to social spending and programs directed towards mutual benefits, investment in resource development, for example improving the status of women, access to education and health. Economic progress must be sustainable through investment and technological change and must be in line with a fair and effective distribution of production assets. Gaps between regions and villages and cities need to be avoided through local decisions on priorities and allocation of resources.

Political Sustainability

Political sustainability is directed at respect for human rights, individual and social freedom to participate in the economic, social and political fields, democracy that is implemented needs to pay attention to a democratic process that is transparent and responsible, ensuring the availability of food, water and housing in the Sadai Industrial Area.

Defense and Security Sustainability

Security sustainability, such as facing and overcoming challenges, threats and interference from both within and outside, directly and indirectly that can endanger the integrity, identity, continuity of the state and nation needs to be considered.

Sustainability is not a simple concept but a complex one, because in its operations there are many things that need to be considered and are interrelated. Therefore, it is important to improve the understanding of sustainable development, especially for policy makers both at the macro and micro scale in order to achieve development goals. To understand the concept of sustainable development, application or application requires a conceptual basis or theory that can be used as a reference in the direction of development, therefore in this paper the author has tried to explore and describe various concepts and considerations of aspects of sustainability to help identify and formulating various strategies, in order to become a reference in achieving development goals in Sadai Industrial Estate. In building a sustainable development paradigm, it should pay attention to the following aspects:

1. The behavior of the present generation cannot fully determine the behavior of future generations.

2. Future generations must ensure that they receive at least a minimum level of consumption.

3. The price movements of natural resources and property rights to future consumption must be determined to avoid overexploitation of natural resources in the present.

4. Correct intervention is an important strategy to maintain sustainability.

5. And more importantly, to keep the continuity of development going, it requires the government’s commitment in determining the direction and development policies in the short, medium and long term.

Author : Falih Nasrullah