fabiochiu/medium-articles huggingface dataset:
Credit Card Fraud Detection
By: Yash Kumar Jha
Tags: Logistic Regression, Unsupervised Learning, Supervised Learning, Python, Machine Learning

In this article, I will let you know about how can we detect fraud transactions done by either stolen credit card or by some other means. Before starting the real hands on let’s try to understand what is credit card fraud ?

Source :- Google

Credit card fraud means when someone uses your credit card information to make unauthorized purchases in your name.

Nowadays, online shopping is a big in trend so most of the people who do online shopping use credit card, debit card or net banking as their mode of payment, where we don’t have to use physical card, the thing that is necessary is we just require the card no. and card details and no need to use the physical card. So, it creates a risk here, if anyone is having the details of your card, then he/she can make transactions using your card and you will get to know about the transaction after it is been carried out.

OBJECTIVE :-

This problem includes modelling past credit card transactions with the knowledge of the ones that turned out to be fraud. This model is used to identify whether a transaction is fraudulent or not. Our aim here is to detect 100% of the fraudulent transactions while minimizing the incorrect fraud classifications.

STEPS TO FOLLOW :-

Take the dataset from Kaggle and for that click here. Identify the features and target from the data. Do feature scaling if necessary or we can say that normalize the data if not in proper range. Use various Machine Learning models, here I have used Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes and Isolation Forest. Calculate the accuracy score to know that how accurate is our model.

In this whole model, I have used supervised machine learning algorithms like Logistic Regression and Naïve Bayes and unsupervised learning technique like Isolation forest to predict fraudulent in our model.

Let’s start the hands-on :-

I am using Jupyter Notebook as my IDE. So, let’s start from importing all the necessary libraries and loading the data.

Importing all the necessary libraries.

After doing this let’s load the dataset in our Jupyter Notebook environment.
The Logistic Function
By: Eshna Sengupta
Tags: Computer Science, Logistic Regression, Mathematics, Logistic Function, Statistics

Logistic Regression is a popular statistical modelling technique for binary classification problems. In this article, I will discuss the logistic function. This function is the mathematical form on which logistic regression is based.

The logistic function is as follows:

When we plot the values of the function f(z) as z varies from -∞ to ∞ we get the following S-shaped plot:

Logistic Function

The logistic function belongs to the family of sigmoid functions. When z = -∞, we see that:

and when z = ∞, we get:

So the range of f(z) lies between 0 and one. It is due to this property that the logistic model describes a probability that always falls between 0 and 1 and is a popular choice for classification problems dealing with two categories.
DOTA 2 Winner Prediction using Logistic Regression
By: Nikunj Gondha
Tags: Logistic Regression, Dota 2, Machine Learning

Maligayang pagdating, ako si Nikunj (Welcome guys, I’m Nikunj). In this blog, I will be discussing about one of the most played MOBA games i.e. DOTA 2 (Defense of the Ancients). First of all, I will brief you about DOTA 2 and some basics related to the game.

The next part of the blog will be about predicting the winner of a DOTA 2 match based on the stats available in the first 5 minutes of the game using Machine Learning. I will be using Logistic Regression algorithm for the same. Let’s begin.

The Basics

Never heard about DOTA 2 before? Well don’t worry, here’s a small clip that explains the basics of the game. For those who have already played DOTA before, you may skip this part.

So, now as you already know the basics, I will just mention a couple of things which I think are important to mention before we hop into the main topic.

DOTA 2 (Defense of the Ancients) is a real time strategic game, where there are ten players in a game, five on both sides. These ten players choose a unique “hero” at the starting of the game from a pool of 119 playable heroes. Each “heroes” have their unique attributes like strength, armor, attack range with a predefined set of unique abilities. Every time a hero dies, he re-spawns after around 40–50 secs depending on the timings of the game. The role of each player in the game is different, some are “Core” players whose task is to initiate the team fights and basically carry the game, while some are “Support” players who lack ability to deal heavy damage unlike the cores and they provide assistance to the core players.

Dota 2 Mini map

DOTA 2 is a very complex game. When I say you need at least 1000 hrs of play to just learn the game, I literally mean it. During a game, player needs to focus on many things like itemization, gold, experience, enemy moves and a lot more than that. This game actually resembles to Chess, where you need to anticipate your opponent's next move and plan your moves accordingly.

Here’s a quick video of Team OG vs PSG.LGD from The International Championship 2018 Grand Final(one of my favorites) which shows how complicated DOTA can be at times.
Unfolding Logistic Regression
By: Ritik Kesharwani
Tags: Logistic Regression, Classification, Mathematics, Supervised Learning

After reading this article you’ll be equipped with the following,

Hypothesis Function Sigmoid Function Cost Function

Don’t get confused with the name as it says regression but Logistic Regression is a supervised learning algorithm which is used for carrying out classification tasks.

To understand classification better let’s take an example,

Let’s say A college wants to classify whether the students will get the admission or not based on there exam scores, using the historical data they have. This task can be done using logistic regression.

Let’s start with the hypothesis function used in Logistic Regression.

“Hypothesis function approximates a target function for mapping inputs to outputs.”

Hypothesis Function and Sigmoid function which is used in Logistic Regression is given below,

1. Hypothesis Function and 2. Sigmoid Function

Graphical representation of the sigmoid function is,

Note: at x=0, y=0.5

“The sigmoid function is also known as the Logistic function.”

theta^T*x(theta transpose x) is passed in sigmoid function as z.

where,

‘theta’ is the random weight which we assign and ‘x’ is the feature, after calculating the hypothesis function it is then passed into our sigmoid function.

Now, let’s consider Exam 1 score as ‘x1' and Exam 2score as ‘x2’, from the below fig we can see that our decision boundary(blue line) is used to separate the two classes namely ‘Admitted’ and ‘Not admitted’. Hypothesis function is used to define our decision boundary.

Our hypothesis function for the given decision boundary can be written as “x1+x2≥93".

Decision Boundary

Our hypothesis function says “The student will get admitted into the college if he scores more than 93 in both the exams.”

As we are halfway there let’s take a moment to digest the hypothesis and sigmoid function.

The cost function of logistic regression is given below and it represents the optimization objective.

Cost Function

Plot for the cost function

The above two functions can be compressed into a single function i.e.

Compressed function

If you have made it till here, pat your back because now you know the mathematics behind one of the most important machines learning algorithm and if you find this article interesting, feel free to say hello over LinkedIn.
Playing with PyTorch: a logistic regression example
By: Xiang Zhang
Tags: Machine Learning, Pytorch, Logistic Regression

I have been learning PyTorch recently. The best way of learning a tool is by using it. I thought that making a simple logistic regression example using PyTorch would be interesting. I also uploaded code in GitHub, which can be open using Colab.

Logistic regression can be used to resolve a binary classification problem. So I generated a linearly separable dataset using Scikit-learn.

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from sklearn.datasets import make_classification

X, Y = make_classification(n_features=2, n_redundant=0, n_informative=2, random_state=2, n_clusters_per_class=1)

plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], c=Y,cmap='jet')

The most simple linear logistic regression model can be represented as a single-layer neural network, with sigmoid function as activation function. So I defined it using torch.nn. And of course, the loss function is binary cross entropy loss.

import torch

model = torch.nn.Sequential(

torch.nn.Linear(2, 1),

torch.nn.Sigmoid(),

)

params = list(model.parameters())

x = torch.from_numpy(X.astype(np.float32))

y = torch.from_numpy(Y.astype(np.float32)).view(-1,1)

loss_fn = torch.nn.BCELoss()

Let the training began.

learning_rate = 1e-1

loss_list = []

for t in range(1000):

y_pred = model(x)

loss = loss_fn(y_pred, y)

loss_list.append(loss.item())

model.zero_grad()

loss.backward()

with torch.no_grad():

for param in model.parameters():

param -= learning_rate * param.grad

Visualizing loss minimization through training steps is satisfying.

step = np.linspace(0,1000,1000)

plt.plot(step,np.array(loss_list))

The loss curve looked converged. Let’s plot the decision boundary.

w = params[0].detach().numpy()[0]

b = params[1].detach().numpy()[0]

plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], c=y,cmap='jet')

u = np.linspace(X[:, 0].min(), X[:, 0].max(), 2)

plt.plot(u, (0.5-b-w[0]*u)/w[1])

plt.xlim(X[:, 0].min()-0.5, X[:, 0].max()+0.5)

plt.ylim(X[:, 1].min()-0.5, X[:, 1].max()+0.5)

Great! Hope you enjoy this toy example! Please leave comments below.
[SAS]傾向分數配對(Propensity score matching)
Tags: Sas, Psm, Logistic Regression

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【Python機器學習】111：羅吉斯回歸分類器介紹及應用
By: 張育晟 Eason Chang
Tags: Logistic Regression, Machine Learning, Python, Data Science, Data Analysis

Learn more. Medium is an open platform where 170 million readers come to find insightful and dynamic thinking. Here, expert and undiscovered voices alike dive into the heart of any topic and bring new ideas to the surface. Learn more

Make Medium yours. Follow the writers, publications, and topics that matter to you, and you’ll see them on your homepage and in your inbox. Explore
Predicting household income
By: Poonam Rao
Tags: Regression Data Analysis, Coefficient, Logistic Regression

A couple of models were assessed. The selected model has an accuracy of 83% based on the confusion matrix on the training dataset of 15921 (70% of the records in the total dataset). Precision looks for accuracy of the positive prediction, 30% for the model. Recall is the ratio of positive instances that are correctly detected by the classifier, 65% for the model.

The model shows 83% accuracy as well on the test data, 6284 observations.

From summary we can see that the variables that are statistically significant represented with a * or ** or *** . For instance NumBedrooms is significant for our model while Acres is insignificant. Same with NumChildren being an insignificant indicator. It means that family income doesn’t depend on these variables.

Model Chosen

Alternate Model

Selected Model accuracy, confusion matrix and recall

Accuracy = (TP+TN) / (TP + TN + FP + FN)

= (912 + 12305) / (912 + 12305 + 2204 + 500)

= 13217 / 15921

= 0.83 i.e 83%

Precision = TP / (TP + FP)

= 912 / (912 + 2204)

= 912 / 3116

= 0.30 i.e 30%

Recall = TP / (TP + FN)

= 912 / (912 + 500)

= 912 / 1412

= 0.65 i.e 65%

Deviance Residual indicates how goodness fit of our model. The residual deviance was 12466 on 15913 degrees of freedom and then became 11934 and 15892 degrees of freedom, which is a lot better than Null Deviance. It means that our model has significantly improved.

AIC (Akaike Information Criterion): I compared 2 models. We use the AIC value when comparing multiple models and choose the one with the lower AIC value as an indicator of a better model.

Coefficient plot for logistic regression on household income >$150K
Logistic Regression — Giraffes and Cars
By: Karlo Leskovar
Tags: Logistic Regression, Data Science, Classification, Python, Machine Learning

Introduction

Recently, I’ve tried KNN and Linear regression on car data. KNN helped us classify cars in car classes like “Compact car” or “Large car”, with pretty satisfying results. Let’s say someone wants to know the probability of a car being a Front-wheel driven. Here comes Logistic Regression into play, since it calculates the score (“chance”) of a object being the target class. i.e. it could predict the probability of a car being Front_wheel driven, according to it’s fuel consumption, engine size, cylinder count or any other relevant feature of the car.

How does Logistic Regression work?

Like in Linear Regression we have some input variables, X1, X2, X3. Linear Regression would calculate the weight of each of these variables, add a bias and return a label (class). Similarly, in Logistic Regression, weights for each input variable (X1, X2, X3) are calculated, a bias term is added, and then a logistic function is applied on the results. The function then returns a value between zero (negative class) and one (positive class), which describes the probability value that the input object belongs to the positive class.

Sigmoid function (source: author)

Let’s see a simple example, according to Wikipedia a fully grown Giraffe has a height between 4.3 and 5.7 metres. Let’s say we want to know if an animal is a Giraffe or not, so we measure the height of animals, and display the values on the X-axis, the logistic function then returns the probability (Y-axis) of an animal being a Giraffe. Then, if the value is above 0.5, the animal gets predicted as a Giraffe, if bellow, the model predicts the animal is not a Giraffe. Additionally to the classification, we get information about the probability. So, an animal with a height of 4.8 metres, has a higher probability of being a Giraffe than an animal with a height o 2.7 metres.

Let’s rather get practical, shall we?
Creating a Logistic Regression Model (Python)
By: Joseph Hart
Tags: Machine Learning, Data Visualization, Python, Logistic Regression

Creating a logistic regression model is a great tool to explain the relationship between one dependent binary variable and one or more nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio-level independent variables (staticsolutions.com). This means the model will tell you how the predictive variables influence the target variable. It becomes beneficial for things such as credit card fraud detection and heart disease prediction. I’ll show you how I used this type of regression model to detect patients with heart disease.

If you’d like to follow along with the data I have, I am using the heart disease data from Kaggle, https://www.kaggle.com/ronitf/heart-disease-uci.

The first step is to import all the necessary libraries.

Then, load the data.

Next, set the X and y variables. The y variable is the dependent variable because other factors influence it. For our computer to predict the target, we need to drop the result from our data.

Initialize your LogisticRegression method. I used a max_iter of 2000 because it did not give me an error message. Without a max_iter specified, I received error messages.

Now to fit the data.

And pull the score.

Now that we see our score let's see how our model did. We can use a confusion matrix to identify when our model predicted correctly and incorrectly.

Start by creating a predictive variable.

Create the confusion matrix.

Great! The confusion matrix has been created. Now it can be put into a better visualization. HD refers to heart disease.

The resulting matrix looks great and is easier to read. The matrix tells us a true positive of 105, a false positive of 33, a false negative of 33, and a true negative of 152.

I hope this helps, and you can use this in your future works.
What are Hyperlocal deliveries and its growth prospects?
By: Supplychain School
Tags: Logistic Regression, Supply Chain, Hyperlocal Delivery, Startup, Logistics

Providing the convenience of same day or next day deliveries, hyperlocal delivery mechanism can fetch any organisation more customers due to much faster deliveries.

A hyperlocal business is a platform to enable local offline businesses to reach out to their targeted customers ensuring product delivery within a very short time. The service scope of a hyperlocal business could fall anywhere starting from a few meters to a few kilometers from the location of the business.

Localities or communities have a desperate need for on-demand services. The on-demand services are hyperlocal in nature, and they cater to immediate needs. The entire transaction in hyperlocal on-demand business gets completed within hours.

From hailing a cab to getting a spa massage, buying groceries to ordering food, purchasing medicine to renting furniture, the on-demand apps have made our life easier than before.

Many a firms are trying to initiate hyperlocal deliveries to capture more customers. Few months back Flipkart gave hyperlocal delivery service another try by launching the service in the suburbs of Bengaluru with the help of new location mapping technology to deliver within 90 minutes a variety of more than 2000 products. This was initiated to attract the customers who otherwise see no reason to buy online. There is a tendency to develop deep, familial ties with vendors, shopkeepers with the help of direct connection through a tech enabled system. The coronavirus lockdown has prompted more physical retailers to sign up with e-commerce platforms. During these struggling time where small businesses are just looking for continuity, hyperlocal delivery system can prove to be a boost to these businesses. Will this initiative will expand to other major cities gradually or will it prove to be as unsustainable as found in 2015. The scope of hyperlocal deliveries by e-commerce is yet to be determined.
Makine Öğrenmesinde Lojistik Regresyonun Python ile Uygulaması ve Yorumlanması (Logistic Regression)
By: Yiğit Şener
Tags: Makine Öğrenmesi, Logistic Regression, Feature Importance, Pythoncat, Python

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Recognizing Handwritten Digits with Scikit-Learn
By: Aditya Bhandari
Tags: Logistic Regression, Digit Recognition, Artificial Intelligence, Scikit Learn, Machine Learning

Recognizing handwritten text is a problem that can be traced back to the first automatic machines that needed to recognize individual characters in handwritten documents. Classifying handwritten text or numbers is important for many real-world scenarios. For example, a postal service can scan postal codes on envelopes to automate the grouping of envelopes which has to be sent to the same place. This article presents recognizing the handwritten digits (0 to 9) using the famous digits data set from Scikit-Learn, using a classifier called Logistic Regression.

Scikit-Learn is a library for Python that contains numerous useful algorithms that can easily be implemented and altered for the purpose of classification and other machine learning tasks.

Prerequisites

If you already have Jupyter notebook and all the necessary python libraries and packages installed you are ready to get started.

If not you can use Google colab too!

Let us start by importing our libraries

Visualizing the images and Training

To use a classifier we have to Flatten the image

Create a classifier: a support vector classifier

Split data into train and test subsets

Now predict the value of the digit

Confusion matrix

A confusion matrix is a table that is often used to evaluate the accuracy of a classification model. We can use Seaborn or Matplotlib to plot the confusion matrix. We will be using for Matplotlib our confusion matrix.

Conclusion

From this article, we can see how easy it is to import a dataset, build a model using Scikit-Learn, train the model, make predictions with it, and finding the accuracy of our prediction(which in our case is 97.11%). I hope this article helps you with your future endeavors!

Thank you for reading my article!

For The Source code, Click here

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Logistic Regression Code in Python for absolute beginners
By: Vipul Agarwal
Tags: Logistic Regression, Linear Regression Python, Python Programming, Machine Learning

Brief About Logistic Regression Algorithm

Brief about Logistic Regression Algorithm

When we need to predict o the class where the predicted variable has a set of defined values like yes or no, we use Logistic Regression.

Difference between Logistic and Linear Regression

In Linear Regression, the value predicted variable is continuous whereas, in the Logistic Regression Algorithm, the value predicted variable is discrete.

Maths behind Logistic Regression

The Logistic Regression Algorithm uses the Sigmoid function.

Its maximum value is 1 & the minimum value is 0 and ‘e’ is Euler’s number which is equal to 2.71828.

now to perform classification in Logistic Regression, we replace z by the equation of a straight line, modifying the function to

Note- to understand the equation of a straight line read Linear Regression Code in Python for absolute beginners.

How Classification is done?

When the value of the function comes out to be more than 0.5 then it will be class A and when less than 0.5 then class B.

Code for Logistic Regression on Jupyter Notebook using Python

Step1 Importing all required libraries

Step2 Reading data in Jupyter Notebook

within ‘ ‘ enter the path to the data set in your system.

.head() will show the first 5 rows of the data set

Step3 Separating Dependent and Independent Variable

The .drop function will remove the column mentioned in ‘ ‘ and store the remaining data in x.

[[‘ “]] will store that column in y.

Step4 Preparing training and testing data set

train_size will tell the machine what percent of data is considered as a training set and the remaining will be testing data set. The training data will be chosen randomly and not in sequence.

Here train_size is 0.8 which means 80% of data will be used for training the machine and the rest 20% will be used for testing.

Step5 Importing Logistic Regression and making it class object

Step6 Fitting training data set in our model

Step7 Predicting the class of Testing Data

Step 8 Calculating accuracy and precision of predictions

Classification_report will give the accuracy and precision of the model.

This is the easiest code to run the Logistic Regression algorithm. If you need an example of fitting actual data then write in the comment and I will make a separate blog for it.
Machine Learning: Logistic Regression
By: T.D.Deepan Tarun
Tags: Logistic Regression, Online Workshop, Machine Learning

This blog is about my experience in the Online Machine Learning Workshop by Lema Labs.

My second lecture was about logistic regression.

Machine Learning (ML) is a branch of Artificial Intelligence.

The three types of ML are: Supervised, Unsupervised and Reinforced Learning.

Logistic regression is a type of Supervised Learning which is a predictive analysis algorithm.

We also worked on our second project on Logistic Regression in Google Collaborate.

The objective of our project was to find the probability of a given class with respect to a given set of data.

There were several sets of processes and codes, that were used in the program code.

The different processes include, data pre-processing, accuracy testing, predicting and so on.

Data pre-processing is the process of cleaning the raw data and making it suitable to be fed into the model.

Accuracy testing is done by comparing the model to the given set of data and obtaining the accuracy percentage.

Model is a line or a curve that helps us to compare with the data.

In the project we took the number “1” as the model and compared it with the set of data.

We also used several libraries such as Numpy, Pandas and Matplotlib.pyplot.

Numpy is used for solving mathematical calculations.

Pandas is used for manipulating raw data.

Matplotlib.pyplot is used for plotting graphs.

By using the above mentioned processes, we completed our second project based on Logistic Regression.

Thank you. Have a good day.
Concept behind Logistic function
By: Arun Poochelvan
Tags: Logistic Regression

How does this work!

Logistic regression is used for Binary classification i.e. (0,1) 🤔

This is more similar to Linear regression with two changes, one in the lo$$ function and the other is a sigmoid function to get the output between 0 or 1.

Loss function

We use categorical cross-entropy loss function in Logistic regression.

If we plug y = 1 and yhat = 1 then we get the loss value as zero which is good. if y = 1 and yhat = 0 we get an infinity loss value.

the next step is to minimize the error using gradient descent.

we know gradient descent reduces the error on every iteration technically we loose because the weight that is too large can lead to the same output for larger and smaller values. to avoid we add regularization to our original loss function. The regularization can actually penalize that are large weights.

The Sigmoid function

The output of sigmoid will be 1 or 0 when the input is +inf or -inf

Example:

That's It, Thank you.
Worst part is over. Christmas miracle DOES really happen…
Tags: Growing Up, Expecting Mothers, Pregnancy

Christmas miracle DOES really happen and you are feeling grateful, thankful, and incredibly relieved (with a hint of suspense) just to be able to sit down long enough to eat at the table, without crumbling down to the floor and crawling to nearest bed.

You can go out outside, walk for more than 20 minutes, look forward to food in general and function like a human being. You can at least ‘try’ to help out around the house, get your own water, and go to the toilet without feeling miserable as f.

At the core of it all though , to be objectively speaking — my short term suffering was only fleeting, didn’t alter my life in any way, and was definitely not something as grave as I know for sure what some of my amazing mama friends went through. But I was devastated.

When I was literally lying down 20 hours a day and depressed the most with this garden variety of debilitating symptoms, I kept asking myself; why am I not strong enough mentally? I know I am physically weak(er) than most, so what is it that I’m so depressed and sad about? I know this will only last max 20 weeks (little did I know about extreme cases) and is that my absolute limit? Am I just not a good fit for this type of persevering, long term commitment that requires patience and pain?

And now that I am a bit more lucid, hopeful and not in self-destructive pity rut, I think it was just part of the process.

It was extremely confusing and scary for me to be not in control of my mental state, physical needs, and TIME; how I use it and how I choose to spend it. I am not the most productive by no means but I was not at liberty to move around the clock like I’ve been accustomed to. I was forced to lie down for HOURS! just suffering and idling, with no agenda or purpose. I was just passing time when I’m used to jumping off quick calls and splitting minutes to multi-task.

I felt like I lost the core essence of what makes me who I am, what defines me, what I try to build for myself. I think I must’ve felt like I was being capsized and my spirit was being forced out or something especially when I have a very strong sense of my ego and hold myself to the highest standards when it comes to being unapologetically myself and facing any consequences that come with it.

Anyway, losing one’s self or feeling like it can be immensely intimidating. It was for me, to a point where I think I suffered more mentally than I think was necessary. A friend of mine shared her stories with me yesterday and how her first few months with her LO was much tougher than she thought. And then she told me how she’s enjoying it so much more once she realized that “you also grow with your little one, it’s all part of the process”.

So I guess it’s form of a growing pain…learning to slow down, let go a little, control less, and also to embrace all ups and downs of my new life as a m o m m y t o b e!
Precautions for pregnant women in the UK
By: Aks Fitness
Tags: Health, Carona Virus, Pregnant Woman, Fitness, Pregnancy

The pandemic has hit us hard evidently and more so the expecting mothers who are in a constant battle to keep themselves and their baby safe during these unprecedented times. Pregnancy can be a challenging time for women to go through and if you add a pandemic to it, it gets even scarier. To navigate through a pregnancy during Covid times and to know what precautions to take, you need to ask from a real-time expecting mother who is currently going through this phase herself.

We spoke to Kartika Kushwaha, who is currently 8 months pregnant and expecting her baby’s arrival in December. This is what she had to say:

1. Avoid interactions with a lot of people

Make sure you are not inviting too many guests at home. Keep only the close ones in your vicinity and limit your interactions with people. Read more
Some impressive things a man can do for her pregnant wife!
By: Shaifali Sahu
Tags: Pregnant Women, Pregnancy

She’s on an emotional roller coaster as soon as she comes to know that she’s expecting, she has a life stirring inside, she’ll be a reflection of WOW, she will be a MOM! She, your wife, is now taking you on a new journey of parenthood, the best a man can expect from his dear wife.

So, what about her?

What about her emotions and expectations?

You, HER MAN, are the one who has the most important role to play so that she sails through the journey of pregnancy safely, and brings your bundle of joy to this world.

Let’s take a look at a few things that you, would-be-dad, can do for your lovely, pregnant wife!

Some important things a man must do when her wife is expecting!

Read this carefully, and make sure that you don’t miss any.

Care and affection!

She needs this, and she needs this throughout pregnancy and beyond. Don’t leave any stones unturned when it comes to taking care of her and showing your affection. When you look into her eyes, you must know when she needs a forehead kiss, when she wants you to hold her hand a little brighter, and when she wants you to hug a little tighter. A husband’s touch plays a pivotal role in a woman’s life, and it becomes more and more important when your wife is pregnant. Read More
Mayo Clinic Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy
Tags: Healthy, Pregnancy

I love this book! Written by the experts, this book is more informative than “What to Expect When You Are Expecting”. I read both books during my pregnancy. Once my son was born, I read “The Mayo Clinic’s Guide to Your Baby’s First Year”, which was also very informative. The internet is dark and full of misinformation, but seriously, it is. If you want a reliable, well-researched source of information regarding conception, pregnancy, delivery, and post-delivery, this is a good place to start. It’s not a hard read; there’s lots of pictures, diagrams, and charts covering female anatomy, diet, and so on. I would recommend this book to anyone who’s never been pregnant before. I recommend anything written by the Mayo Clinic or the American Academy of Pediatrics. You can also find helpful information online…just search Mayo Clinic and the topic you are wondering about. I love that this book covers ALL options without judgement just facts. All Natural in your house to scheduled C-section in the hospital and everything in between. It was just updated and covers the most recent birthing options, exercises, lactation options, and labor education. I am reading with my first pregnancy. This book makes be feel better prepared and not as scared of what is to come. Thank you Mayo Clinic! Files.1893005607.PDF: http://bit.ly/2DBO1Un
What is the meaning of baby blues after pregnancy?
By: Bob Dumbre
Tags: Baby, Parenting, Pinknblu, Parenting Advice, Pregnancy

A mother can experience mild depression and mood swings right after childbirth. These behavioral and mental changes are called baby blues. This is common in new mothers and usually fades away after a few weeks. The major reason behind this can be hormonal fluctuations they go through.

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How to Get Rid of Headache While Pregnancy (Effective Home Remedies)
By: Maria Johnson
Tags: Headache, Pregnant, Headache Treatment, Headache Relief, Pregnancy

Pregnancy is the point at which a lady is energized and apprehensive, considering that little beloved newborn who might bring such a huge amount of delight in her life.

Pregnancy achieves a ton of changes in a lady’s body and it additionally prompts a few distresses, for example, migraines.

Truly, encountering cerebral pains during pregnancy is as basic as encountering morning affliction, sickness, or exhaustion.

Migraines may happen whenever during pregnancy however they will in general be more normal during the first and third trimesters.

Headaches is the most common problem face every women during pregnancy looking for how can i get rid of a headache while pregnant? So today on this page I’m going to share with you the most effective ways to get rid of all types of headaches during pregnancy.

#1. Drink Lemon Juice

This increase do the immunity boost and fetal development. There aren’t studies to show that lemons themselves boost immunity and benefit fetal development, but some of the top-ranking nutrients in lemons do.

#2. Drink plenty of water

When you’re pregnant, you need more water than the average person in order to form amniotic fluid, produce extra blood, build new tissue, carry nutrients, enhance digestion, and flush out wastes and toxins.

#3. Bite Some Ginger

Two compounds in ginger help increase stomach emptying and reduce feelings of nausea, suggesting that ginger tea may help relieve morning sickness.

#4. Take a Nap and do Yoga

Taking a Nap and doing Yoga can improve sleep, Reduce stress and anxiety. Increase the strength, flexibility and endurance of muscles needed for childbirth. Decrease lower back pain, nausea, headaches and shortness of breath.

#5. Use a Hot and a Cold Compress

Hot Compress helps reduce joint pain and eases soreness in muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The warmth from a heat pack can also increase your range of motion while decreasing muscle spasms. Overall, it’s a good way to find pain relief during pregnancy. Twinges and aches go hand-in-hand with pregnancy.

Applying a cold compress to the perineal area can help ease pain and reduce swelling, while applying a warm compress can soothe the area while assisting in repairing any damage caused by labor.
Important Considerations: Pregnancy, Labor & Postpartum
By: Sarah Denio
Tags: Dads, Labor, Childbirth, Postpartum, Pregnancy

Learn key takeaways from a Certified Midwife, Doula and Lactation Consultant’s 3 and a half decades of experience in birth and parenting when planning for labor, birth and postpartum.
Foods to avoid during pregnancy: Foods to eat while pregnant
By: Best Jayne
Tags: Healthy Foods To Eat, Foods To Avoid, Food During Pregnancy, Best Food To Eat, Pregnancy

KEY POINTS

Raw meat, fish аnd eggs саn соntаіn harmful germs thаt саn give уоu food poisoning, lіkе salmonella infection. Cooking thеm fully kills thе germs, whісh helps kеер уоu аnd уоur baby frоm gеttіng sick.

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Foods to avoid during pregnancy

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Mаnу dairy products, lіkе milk, eggs аnd cheese, аrе pasteurized. Thіѕ means they’re heated tо kill аnу bad germs. Lооk fоr thе word “pasteurized” оn labels. If thе product label doesn’t ѕау “pasteurized,” pick а dіffеrеnt product.

Unpasteurized dairy products саn give уоu food poisoning, lіkе listeriosis. Listeriosis іѕ caused bу germs іn foods аnd саn саuѕе flu-like symptoms fоr уоu оr hurt уоur baby. Sоmе foods соntаіn chemicals, lіkе caffeine оr mercury. Yоu саn pass thеѕе harmful chemicals tо уоur baby durіng pregnancy.

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Talk tо уоur health care provider іf уоu hаvе аnу signs оr symptoms оf food poisoning оr іf уоu аrе worried уоu mау hаvе eaten а food wіth bacteria lіkе listeriosis.
Do you like to stroke your belly during pregnancy? A study found that your baby too
By: Mamas Paws
Tags: Pregnant, Pregnancy Exercises, Baby, Infant, Pregnancy

One of the things I enjoyed the most in my pregnancy was stroking my belly , especially after the second trimester, when you could tell that my daughter was coming. And it is that it feels very nice to know that a new life is being created within you, which has already stolen your heart from before birth.

Stroking the belly or touching it gently is something that feels good. But, did you know that those caresses that you do to your belly also like your baby? A study shows us .

The study

Researchers at the School of Psychology at the University of Dundee in the United Kingdom conducted a study to analyze the behavior of the fetus when hearing the voice and feeling the touch of its mothers .

To carry out the study, 23 pregnant women participated: 10 in the second trimester and 13 in the third trimester, all between weeks 21 and 33 of pregnancy. Sonograms were used and the movements of the babies were recorded as the mothers spoke and stroked their tummies.

Fetuses were found to show more arm, head, and mouth movements when mothers touched their tummies, while movements decreased when they spoke. In addition, babies who were in the third trimester showed more responses to these stimuli compared to those who were just in the second trimester, which could reflect the process of maturation of the nervous system.

In general, the study found that the maternal touch on the tummy is a very powerful stimulus , producing different responses in the baby’s behavior.

Enjoy your pregnant belly

You may wonder, hadn’t they said that babies don’t hear anything when they’re in the tummy? It is true that new things are discovered every day that change what we thought, but let’s not let that discourage us. We can continue to do so, especially if it causes us illusion, since talking to the belly is good even if the baby is not able to hear us , since it serves those of us outside because we can gradually create an emotional bond with him .

About the movements being reduced when “listening” to the mother’s voice, perhaps (it’s just my theory) that is because when pregnant women speak to our tummy we do it with affection, and we transmit that emotional tranquility to our baby making him relax too .

With these results we can feel even more beautiful when touching our tummy and doing it frequently , because now we know that our baby also likes to feel our hands.
Why Is My Baby Bump So High?
By: Joy Of Life
Tags: Surrogacy, Pregnancy

Every woman’s body is different — nevertheless, many of us become confused or even worried when our bodies do something abnormal. If you’ve recently become pregnant, you may notice that your baby bump looks a little different than what you imagined. If you’re wondering, “why is my baby bump so high,” this article is for you!

Usually, a “high” baby bump is nothing to worry about. However, if your baby bump is higher than expected, there may be a few reasons why.

Everyone’s Baby Bumps Are Different

Firstly, it’s important to note that every baby bump is different. There is no “right” baby bump. Some women’s bumps grow more quickly, some have a wide appearance, some are hardly visible, and, yes, some “carry high.” Remember, it’s normal to worry about the appearance of your bump — and usually, it’s nothing to worry about.

Why Is My Baby Bump So High?

If you’re carrying high, there are a few potential reasons.

You have strong abdominal muscles. If you have a strong set of abs, your baby can tend to settle higher up in the womb.

You’re at the beginning of your pregnancy. High baby bumps are especially common early on in Pregnancies. Many women who carry high early in their pregnancies will find that the bump travels downwards in the third trimester.

It doesn’t mean you’re having a boy. An old wive’s tale suggests that carrying high means you’re expecting a boy. However, studies have shown that this is merely an urban myth.

Your placenta has settled high. A high bump is caused by the placenta settling high up in the womb, which brings the baby and the umbilical cord up high, too.

What Part Of The Stomach Grows First When Pregnant?

Many women wonder if their high baby bump is caused by the upper part of their stomach growing first. However, it doesn’t really work this way. When you become pregnant, your uterus is the first part of your stomach to grow. Around the fourth or fifth month, the uterus will have expanded to the point where it presses against the abdominals.

The “bulge” can emerge in different places for different women. Usually, it’s caused by a combination of your baby’s position in the uterus and the strength of your abdominal muscles.

Will My Baby Bump Change Position?

It might! Many women find that their bump seems to “drop” quite quickly towards the end of their pregnancy. This usually occurs because the baby has dropped before being born. However, some babies don’t drop until just before labor begins.
Sweet Baby Zane
By: Background Noise Comics
Tags: Motherhood, Moms, Comics, Humor, Pregnancy

Happy Birthday to the boy who was born knowing he can get where he wants to go in his own sweet time.
Time Flies
By: Elaine Douglas
Tags: Baby, Type 1 Diabetes, Family Planning, Iud, Pregnancy

As strange of a year as 2020 has been, it has sure flown by! It feels like yesterday that my husband and I decided we would try for a family and I started taking folic acid and pre-natal vitamins to prepare. In fact, it was over 3 months ago that we started down this path. In just 1 week, I will be going to see my OBGYN to get my IUD removed, opening the door of possibilities on starting a family.

I can’t begin to describe the number of emotions swirling around inside my head. I have more questions than answers, more fears than knowns. I keep running questions through my mind. What if we simply can’t get pregnant? Will he be disappointed in me? Will I be disappointed in me? Could adoption be enough?

I know that most couples take at least 12 months to conceive. I have talked to people who took anywhere from 5 to 10 years and some who simply couldn’t, despite making every attempt. I know people who have unfortunately miscarried, had unviable pregnancies, and who struggle with infertility. My logic says this will not be an easy goal to achieve; my heart hopes that it is possible. Despite my doctor’s assurances that Type 1 Diabetes should not be a limiting factor in considering pregnancy, I still have reservations about it’s potential impact. And yet — despite my reservations, I know that the right thing to do is to try. My husband and I will be fantastic parents (although definitely not perfect ones!) and our families and friends will be the best support systems. I’m nervously excited, cautiously hopeful, and realistically optimistic that we have a long, high-potential journey ahead. The good news is: I get to go through this journey with my best friend; he and I will be each others’ support along the way.

One week from now, the journey begins! We have prepped by trying diabetic friendly meals, we are cutting down on alcohol and caffeine, we have a treadmill at home we can use at any time, we have researched (oh have we researched!) and now I think all that’s left to do is to take the leap and try. I know it won’t be easy, but let’s see where this leads!
The Diary of A Covid-19 Mama
Tags: Coronavirus, Health, Motherhood, Moms, Pregnancy

The countdown to delivery starts now as I approach my 3rd trimester with a due date of March 2021 just around the corner.

By a show of hands, how many mamas are over it and scared as hell to deliver in the midst of an ongoing pandemic threatening lives globally? If you could see me, you would see two arms raised.

My last two deliveries, I had my mom and significant other by my side; holding my hand and coaching me through one of the most challenging moments a woman can ever experience in her lifetime. I am currently faced with downsizing who may accompany me in the delivery room, along with a list of what could possibly go wrong. It's all just scary and the uncertainty that comes with each week going forward builds extreme anxiety.

I feel selfish to voice my pregnancy concerns as another individual fights for their life on a ventilator due to the harsh effects of the virus.

Does this national emergency take away from the urgency of my concerns or possible complications in the delivery room?

This fear extends further than common pregnancy concerns, the safety of my immune system and my newborn baby are in jeopardy. How will I know what safety precautions nurses are taking before entering my room? Who has this nurse been around? I can go on and on, but that will only add to the stress of it all. So, I digress.

In an attempt to ease my nerves of delivery, I decided to take on my cousin’s advice to explore options to assist with the anxiety of it all. I researched potential COVID-19 groups/organizations geared towards concerns, quick tips and advice for women who are expecting this year into 2021. I came across a group called Corona Mamas on Twitter. This group shares stories of women experiencing the many woes of the pandemic as well as sharing resources for further research of things to consider while pregnant during this time.

If there are any mamas out there feeling the anxiety and are in need of some ease and/or advice, I will include all of their information below. I will also keep you guys updated on my challenges up until delivery in March as well as some advice I have come across.

https://corona-mamas.com/

Twitter Handle: @CoronaMama1