Amelia Earhart’s Ascent through the Ranks of Aviation
By: Federal Aviation Administration
Tags: Aviation, History, STEM, Women In Aviation, Amelia Earhart

Amelia Earhart’s Ascent through the Ranks of Aviation

A look at Amelia Earhart’s long-spanning career in aviation and her rise to public fame.

By Terry Kraus, FAA Historian.

Photo courtesy of the FAA Archives.

Amelia Mary Earhart was born on July 24, 1897, in Atchison, Kansas, in a house her grandfather, Judge Alfred G. Otis, built in 1861. Because her father, an attorney who worked as a claims adjuster for a railroad, traveled frequently for his job, Amelia and her sister Muriel spent a lot of time with their grandparents. After her grandparents died, Amelia’s family moved often. She completed high school in Chicago in 1916, and in 1918 she left junior college to become a nurse’s aide in a Toronto military hospital, the city where her sister lived.

After the war and a short stint in a pre-med program at Columbia University, Amelia dropped out of school and moved to California where her parents then lived. She took her first plane ride in 1920, and later recalled, “As soon as we left the ground, I knew I had to fly.” She began flying lessons with female aviator Anita “Neta” Snook, working odd jobs to pay for her lessons. She received a pilot’s license in December 1921 from the National Aeronautics Association (the federal government did not begin issuing pilot’s licenses until 1927). She set a women’s altitude record of 14,000 feet in October 1922, and, on May 16, 1923, Amelia received an international pilot’s license from the Federation Aeronautique Internationale (FAI), becoming the 16th woman to earn that honor.

When her parents divorced in 1924, Amelia moved with her mother and sister to Massachusetts. While there, she worked as a social worker at the Dennison settlement house in Boston. However, her first love was flying. In June 1928, she become the first woman to cross the Atlantic in an airplane — as a passenger. Receiving accolades for the trip, Earhart responded that the pilot did all the work, she just sat in back like “a sack of potatoes.” Working with publicist George Putman, she wrote a book about the flight. With Putnam as her manager, she embarked on a national book tour and became the aviation editor for Cosmopolitan magazine. She used the proceeds from this work to purchase a single engine Lockheed Vega in 1929.

That year, Amelia participated in the Women’s Air Derby race from Santa Monica, California, to Cleveland, Ohio, and placed third. In 1930, she received a U.S. air transport pilot license and set the women’s world flying speed record of 181.18 miles per hour. In 1931 she became the first president of the Ninety-Nines, Inc., an organization she helped to establish for women pilots. That year, she also married her publicist, George Putnam.

Amelia also became the first woman to fly an autogyro — an early helicopter. On April 8, 1931, she took a test flight in a Pitcairn PCA2 autogyro, flying it to an altitude of 18,415 feet. She subsequently demonstrated the craft at a number of airshows, but in September 1931, she crashed it while attempting to land at a show in Detroit, Michigan. She wasn’t injured in the accident, but — after several previous hard landings — she never flew an autogyro again.

The following year, Amelia became the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, flying from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland. For this feat, she earned the Distinguished Flying Cross from Congress, the Cross of Knight of the Legion of Honor from the French government, and the Gold Medal of the National Geographic Society.

Amelia Earhart and Eugene Vidal in a CAA (the precursor to the FAA) plane. Photo courtesy of the FAA Archives.

She followed up her trans-Atlantic crossing with a solo flight across the United States, a solo flight from Honolulu, Hawaii to Oakland, California, and a solo flight from Mexico City to New York. Her feats earned her three consecutive Harmon trophies as America’s Outstanding Airwoman. In 1936, she began planning for a flight around the world.

Working closely with navigator Fred Noonan, her husband, and Eugene Vidal, the head of the federal Bureau of Air Commerce (a FAA predecessor agency), she planned her historic flight. After their first attempt ended in failure, she and Noonan departed from Miami, Florida, on June 1, 1937, and flew east to west with stops in South America, Africa, India, and Lae, New Guinea. They departed Lae for Howland Island on July 2, 1937. They disappeared en route, and although a search was conducted until October 1937, Earhart and Noonan were never found. A court in Los Angeles declared the aviatrix legally dead on January 5, 1939.

Decades after her last recorded flight, Amelia’s legacy lives on to inspire generations of girls and women to fly. As the icon once noted, “the lure of flying is the lure of beauty,” She remains a role model for aviators who, like her, cannot resist the urge to leave the ground and soar.