Data science for Social problems-An exploratory data analysis on crime data in INDIA
By: Nivyasree Avula
Tags: Data Science, Crimes Against Children, Sustainable Development, Exploratory Data Analysis, India

Let’s visualize

Here is a quick visualization of the share of each of the crimes in 2001–2014. The crimes in the form of percentage over ‘Total crimes’

percentage over ‘Total crimes’

This chart supports us that % of a share over other crimes that have been taken by these top 3 crimes is Kidnapping & Abduction of children — 35.02%, Other crimes against children -28.75%, Rape of children — 24.6%.

Increase of crime over the Years:

Now it’s time to look at the trends in crime by geography. For this, I first classified the states on a regional basis.

And of course, I now had the drill down into crimes within each region

As mentioned ‘Northern’ region is the area were a crime of ‘Abduction And Abetment Against Children’ is high and the Central region is the area was the crime of ‘Other Crimes Against Children’ is high.

For better readability, I have tabulated this as a separate table. When I compared the crime type with the state there were interesting facts that were found out form the data set.

Note : Procuration of Minor Girls in 2001- 2010 in Andhra Pradesh is involved more but 2011 onwards immense decrease in crime rate.

: Procuration of Minor Girls in 2001- 2010 in Andhra Pradesh is involved more but 2011 onwards immense decrease in crime rate. Note: For the period of 2001- 20014 Uttar Pradesh is constantly high in Murder of Children, Kidnapping & Abduction of children, Infanticide.

The trends that I observe seem to be correlating with the results of a recent report ‘Forgotten voices: The world of urban children in India’.

Even all United Nations Member States has in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030 in form of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and also to bring an unprecedented opportunity to build on developments to end violence against children. They have formed 17 goals in that 17 goals I found goal number 5 & 16 i.e., “Gender Equality & Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions” which is relevant to my topic which tells every child should be protected from violence and exploitation.

Conclusion

There is a global consensus that better childhood would lead to a better future. The United Nations in 2015 has made a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030 in form of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and also to bring an unprecedented opportunity to end violence against children. It is time that we as a country built stronger justice institutions, effective regulations, and awareness to completely eradicate this growing disease in our country. Data science can be really useful in analyzing crimes. Prediction of crimes using machine learning and deep learning models is becoming common in developed countries.

At present the data which I have analyzed at the crime committed at the state level. For better predictions, I would like to look at the data at which crime is committed at the individual level (i.e., case-level) with the information on whether it got convicted or not.