Real Talk about School Shootings
By: Bj Campbell
Tags: Media Criticism, Politics, Guns, Protest, Data Visualization

We Should All Stop Listening to Parkland Students on the Matter

I’ve done four articles so far on gun policy since Parkland, and this is the first one to use the word “Parkland.” In that time I have not watched a single thing David Hogg, Emma Gonzalez, or their conservative counterpart Kyle Kushuv have had to say on the issue. Not once. Not even by accident.

Here’s why.

Mathematically speaking, mass shootings are tremendously rare, and mass school shootings even more so. They’re barely a blip on the radar screen in the overall “gun deaths” problem. Our choice of units alone in this sphere is confusing, because an incident per 100,000 population is basically a thousandth of a percent. I very much appreciate the adjustment of presentation by Allie Nicodemo and Lia Petronio, in their article for Northeastern University regarding school shootings. Check out the Y axis on this graph:

(image source)

Students killed per million students. Their article, which should be required reading, expounds on research from James Alan Fox, a professor of Criminology, Law, and Public Policy at Northeastern. Specifically, they cite data showing that around ten children per year are killed by gunfire at school, out of a pool of approximately 55 million students, for an annual rate of 0.000018%. Let’s try to visualize that.

Alternately, let’s do a hipster analogy. Pretend you are tasked with drinking one beer per death in the United States, and each beer you drink is a different flavor based on how that person died. “School Shooting” is obviously milk stout, because why not. You started drinking right now, one beer per dead person, one hour per beer, twelve hours per day, with no vacation and no breaks. You would have to drink beer for almost 60 years straight before you drank your first milk stout, by averages.

“You’re cheating, Mr. Author sir, you included all deaths, not just firearm deaths.” OK. If we limit it purely to gun deaths, you’d drink twelve beers per day for about eight and a half months before you drank your first milk stout. Pretending gun suicides are Pabst Blue Ribbon, you’d be drinking eight of those a day.

That’s the relative magnitude of the numbers we’re talking about.

School shootings are the closest thing in the gun policy sphere you can get to a freak act of nature. They’re rarer than many actual freak acts of nature. Which makes it completely ridiculous to assign any value to anything a witness to the Parkland shooting says about gun policy, whether they’re anti-gun or pro-gun. They were first-hand witnesses to a very traumatic, very terrible freak occurrence.

That’s not to say I don’t sympathize with them. I do. I can only imagine how distressing that situation must have been. The whole thing was horrible. But that’s all the more reason not to frame policy around anything anyone in that building, on either side of the debate, has to say. They are likely not objective. They are likely impassioned, and rightfully so. But good policy should be based on reason, not passion.

If a villager in Nepal gets his family eaten by a Bengal Tiger, that does not automatically qualify him to be the game warden. In fact, it may explicitly disqualify him. His public speech regarding the danger of tigers should not be quelled, nor should it be sought for its wisdom when he advocates Nepalese Tiger-cide.

There may very well be students from Parkland who are capable of a deep understanding of the complexities of US gun policy. It is a broad and difficult topic, but it is certainly possible. But even if there were such individuals, their personal experiences would almost surely prevent them from being able to form an objective opinion on the issue. Presuming we wanted high school students to weigh in on the national gun conversation, Parkland would be the worst possible place to find someone objective and dispassionate enough to approach the issue logically. Find a kid from Tampa or something. Find ten. Preferably black males, since they’re the ones at the tip of the spear as far as gun homicide goes.

We Need to Maintain Focus on Policy Efficacy

Even though I’ve avoided watching most of the circus, I did run across a bit of a policy manifesto for the March. I don’t object to people marching. I think it’s healthy. But presuming that the face of the march is in some way associated with the policy copy, it raises some concerns with me. For instance, the manifesto includes the usual mag size restriction suggestion.

4. High-capacity magazine ban. High-capacity magazines that hold more than 10 rounds serve only one purpose — to allow someone to shoot as many bullets as possible, in the shortest amount of time. These magazines are devastating and need to be banned.

(editors note, this section of the article was adjusted post-publication to reflect newer data about the Parkland shooting)

The shooter at Parkland used ten round magazines. The shooter at Parkland used ten round magazines. The shooter at Parkland used ten round magazines.

This policy proposal would not have changed the numbers for Parkland at all. The fact that the students of Parkland claim to want to eliminate thirty round magazines, when their shooter used ten round magazines, is pretty obvious evidence that the students of Parkland didn’t draw up this policy list. Moving on.

The fact that the shooter at Parkland used ten round magazines gives us a curious opportunity to compare and contrast a similar attack with thirty round magazines — Sandy Hook.

The Sandy Hook shooter fired 154 shots in five minutes. The Parkland shooter shot 150 shots in seven minutes. Both shooters loaded up a school backpack with magazines and shot basically every bullet they brought to the scene. Neither shooter got into a gunfight with armed opponents, where reload times would have mattered.

Same number of bullets fired.

So we have a policy proposal on the table to make every 30 round magazine in the country illegal, on the presumption that mass shooters would follow that law, in order to reduce the number of rounds fired in this hypothetical “mag law-abiding mass school shooting” by 2%, and save nobody. What happens after the next school shooting? Do we finally remember that the Parkland shooter was actually following the hypothetical post-Parkland mag ban?

This is just silly, from a policy standpoint, because the policy is broad, difficult, impacts a tremendous number of lives, and has no significant or verifiable efficacy. Why do we arrive at such silly policies? The people who concoct the policies seem to think that if the shooter couldn’t find a 30 round magazine, he would have stayed at home playing X-Box. We know this isn’t true, because the Parkland guy didn’t stay at home playing X-Box.

It’s also worth noting, that a ban on magazines over 10 rounds would make every pistol carried by every police officer in the country illegal, as well as most pistols bought for home defense.

The March’s policy manifesto also has the “Ban AR-15s” language in it.

5. Limit firing power on the streets. Weapons of war have no place in our communities. Our nation requires a comprehensive assault weapons ban that prohibits the future production and sale of these weapons and provides a solution for dealing with those assault weapons that are already owned, such as a buyback program or registration. Limiting high-powered weapons to the military has worked elsewhere to eliminate the opportunity for mass shootings.

Let’s go back to our Sandy Hook / Parkland comparison for a moment.

The Sandy Hook shooter was able to discharge his full backpack of mags in a shorter time, five minutes instead of seven, so his fire rate was a little bit higher, but it didn’t matter because both shooters shot until their backpacks were empty. The limiting factor for the shootings wasn’t mag size, it was backpack weight.

In fact, there’s a good argument that either of these shooters could have done far more damage with a pistol, since pistol rounds are lighter, and they could have fit more rounds in a backpack.

Both shooters brought about 4.2 pounds worth of bullets on their spree, around 150 rounds. AR-15 ammunition is usually .223 Winchester, or 5.56 NATO, which is effectively the same thing. A thousand rounds of .223 weighs about 28 pounds, or 0.028 lb/round. 9mm Parabellum, a very common handgun round, weighs 0.262 ounces per round, or 0.0164 lb/round, so you can carry more rounds at the same weight.

If the Parkland shooter abided by the Parkland students policy suggestion, (presuming they came up with the suggestion) then the Parkland shooter would have had an extra 106 rounds in his backpack. And he would have been using a concealable weapon.

The policy suggestion most probably creates more dead kids.

There’s also the very important fact that rifles only make up 0.7% of gun deaths, but we’ve already covered that.

There is no question, in terms of ballistic science, that a typical rifle round is deadlier than a typical pistol round. But that mortality disparity only matters during a running gunfight. It’s not clear at all that the power of the firearm matters in these sitting-duck shooting-gallery instances. There are serious questions of efficacy here that nobody seems to dwell on.

Honestly I don’t dwell on them much either, but that’s because I realize that school shootings aren’t worth dwelling on at all.

Three people die per hour to firearms in the United States. The rest of the country left the Parkland shooting behind six hours after it happened. If we want to have an honest, data driven discussion about gun policy, we need to do the same.

Quit taking the bait.