C# development with Visual Studio Code
By: Andy Watt
Tags: Programming, Coding, Visual Studio Code, Dotnet Core, Csharp

Visual Studio Code is a fantastic editor for C# developers. VSCode + .NET Core has very quickly become my go to setup for many C# tasks. However, unlike ‘full’ Visual Studio, getting started with C# development in Code is a little bit more involved.

This post will assume that you are starting without even having Code installed, and finish up with a C# console application, referencing a class library. I will also demonstrate setting up a unit test project and executing a couple of simple unit tests.

I’ve put up a reference implementation in GitHub, that extends this tutorial a little with a couple of simple functions and tests.

Before I get into the details, it is worth saying that Visual Studio Code holds your hand a lot less than ‘full’ Visual Studio. This is a good thing. Using Code and interacting with the command line forces you to really understand what is going on under the hood, and brings you much closer to the actual development. I suspect that once you get over the initial ‘hump’, you’ll quickly come to prefer developing C# with Code over the full version of Studio.

From now on I will refer to ‘Visual Studio Code’ as ‘Code’, and the full version of Studio as ‘Visual Studio’

Prerequisites

You’ll need to install Code, and the .NET Core SDK for this tutorial.

If you don’t already have them installed, use Chocolatey to install them both with the following commands:

choco install visualstudiocode -Y

choco install dotnetcore-sdk -Y

Setting up Visual Studio Code

Out of the box, Code looks a bit like Notepad with a dark theme. Remember, Code is not a ‘.NET IDE’, it is an editor that can be used for any language you care to use. Accordingly, Microsoft do not pre-package it with .NET tooling, you need to configure it yourself with a few simple extensions.

Follow the 1–2–3 steps from the screen captures below:

Install the C# extension:

Install the NuGet extension

Install the Material Icon Theme Extension

Setting up the C# projects

It is very common when using Visual Studio to configure a solution file which references multiple interlinked project files. This can be achieved in Code with a few commands.

Throughout this example, PowerShell is used, and the commands are set up such that the directory always returns to the project root directory when an individual operation has completed. This means that you can follow along with this tutorial by simply copy / pasting the commands into PowerShell. However, you’re not familiar with using PowerShell, or CLIs in general, it is worth taking some time to understand the commands rather than just copy/pasting them. Non windows users can probably translate these easily enough to their preferred shell.

Getting started

The following steps need to be achieved to get started:

A new folder is created to house the project.

A sub folder for source files (named ‘src’) is created.

A sub folder for unit testing files is created.

A dot net solution file is created

Choose which folder you want to be the root for this project, and navigate there with PowerShell. Then execute:

cd (mkdir CSharpWithVSCode);

mkdir src;

mkdir test;

dotnet new sln;

code .

If this is the first time that the .NET Core SDK has been used (via the ‘dotnet’ command), there may be a minute or so of setup work carried out automatically.

The final command in the chain is “Code .”, which opens an instance of Visual Studio Code in the folder from which the command is executed. Running the above should result in some folders being created, a solution file being added, and finally Visual Studio Code being launched. Code should look as shown:

Create the C# project files, and add the references

The next step is to create two C# projects, link them with a reference, and add them to the solution file. In this example, we’ll set up a class library and a console application. This is a fairly typical starting point for a C# project.

To do this use either PowerShell directly, or access the Console in Code by hitting Ctrl+’ or Ctrl+`.

Create the Console project first with:

cd src;

cd (mkdir CSharpWithVSCode.ConsoleApp);

dotnet new console;

cd..; cd..

Now create the Class Library project with:

cd src;

cd (mkdir CSharpWithVSCode.ClassLib);

dotnet new classlib;

cd..; cd..

The files should look like this:

Solution files are ubiquitous in Visual Studio, but you can get away without them in Code. However, there is a big benefit to using a solution file. You can issue commands to the solution file, and it will then pass them on to each project that it references. This is fairly trivial with only two projects, but a significant time saving when the number of linked projects starts to grow.

The solution file should be made to reference the projects with the following commands:

dotnet sln add .\src\CSharpWithVSCode.ConsoleApp\CSharpWithVSCode.ConsoleApp.csproj

Then:

dotnet sln add .\src\CSharpWithVSCode.ClassLib\CSharpWithVSCode.ClassLib.csproj

Finally, a reference to the class library should be added to the console project, so that the console can execute functions from the class library.

Use the following command:

cd .\src\CSharpWithVSCode.ConsoleApp\;

dotnet add reference ..\CSharpWithVSCode.ClassLib\CSharpWithVSCode.ClassLib.csproj;

cd..; cd..

Run the Project

The next stage involves a number of automatic steps which Visual Studio Code will execute for you when you first open a C# file ( with extension ‘.cs’).

To start the process, simply click to open ‘Program.cs’.

The steps that will be executed are:

If this is the first ever time using C# in Visual Studio Code, then OmniSharp will be download and installed.

You will be prompted to create the Build and Debug assets required for this specific project.

You will be prompted to ‘restore’ the individual project dependencies.

Click on the Program.cs file to start the process. This process may take around a minute.

If OmniSharp is required to download, the following will appear in the output dialogue.

When the required installs have completed, the following options will appear:

Note, Omnisharp sometimes plays hard to get at this stage. If the above does not appear, hit F1 and restart Omnisharp:

When the dialogue appears, as indicated, click ‘Yes’.

This will:

Add a vscode folder

Add a file named ‘launch.json’ in the vscode folder

Add a file named ‘tasks.json’ in the vscode folder

Add a ‘bin’ and ‘obj’ file under both the console and the classlib projects.

Pull in the project dependencies.

The project should look like this:

Assuming that all of the above is correct, then the solution is ready to be run for the first time.

Hitting ‘F5’ now will build and run the project, resulting in the following output:

Note, you may have to click on the ‘Debug Console’ tab manually to see this output.

Congratulations! You have built yet another a ‘Hello World’ application!

From here, there are not that many differences from developing with Visual Studio. If you would like to see this example extended a little more, I’ve fleshed it out a bit and put the code on GitHub.

At this stage, you’ve got the bones of a desktop application. The next step is to add the ability to write some unit tests.

Unit Testing

It is essential that any code you write can be unit tested. Unit testing is well supported in Visual Studio Code, and is straightforward after following a few configuration steps.

Create and Configure the unit test project

Start by creating a test project with:

cd test;

cd (mkdir "CSharpWithVSCode.Tests");

dotnet new xunit;

cd..; cd..

Add a reference to the class lib project with:

cd .\test\CSharpWithVSCode.Tests;

dotnet add reference ..\..\src\CSharpWithVSCode.ClassLib\CSharpWithVSCode.ClassLib.csproj;

cd..; cd..

The test project should also be added to the solution:

dotnet sln add .\test\CSharpWithVSCode.Tests\CSharpWithVSCode.Tests.csproj

Finally, the test project needs to be ‘restored’. This is the method whereby Code downloads any required dependencies and adds the ‘bin’ and ‘obj’ folders to the directory. Note that this was done automatically for the console app and the class lib the first time that program.cs was opened.

Restoring can either be done by navigating to the directory containing the unit test project, or by doing this through the solution file. It should be done in the same folder level as the solution project by executing:

dotnet restore

This will add an ‘obj’ folder to the testing project, similar to the main source projects. Note that because this is done at the solution folder level, all of the projcts referenced by the solution will be restored.

Build and Run the Test Project

Next build and execute the test project with:

cd .\test\CSharpWithVSCode.Tests\;

dotnet test;

cd..; cd..

This should result in the following output showing that the default test has passed:

An additional nuance with v2.x

The dotnet test command used to take instruction from the tasks.json file, but that is no longer the case in the latest versions. This means that if you issue dotnet test at the solution level, then it will be passed onto all of the csproj files, and not just the test-specific files, which results in some error messages.

This is something that I would expect Microsoft to fix at some point, but for the time being, there is a workaround in place. I have copied this solution from here, so credit where credit is due!

Create a file named Directory.Build.targets in the solution’s directory with the following contents:

Create a file named after.CSharpWithVSCode.sln.targets next to the CSharpWithVSCode.sln file with the following:

dotnet test should now correctly target only the test-specific folders.

For more information on how this works, go to my source.

Your project folder should look like this:

Hook up the test command from Visual Studio Code

Running tests in Code can be started by hitting ‘F1’, typing ‘test’, and selecting ‘Run Test Task’. But, this needs to be configured prior to execution.

To configure the project for testing, open the ‘tasks.json’ file, that was created in the ‘vscode’ folder, and modify or replace the contents to look like this:

Now do the following to run the tests:

Make sure to save the tasks.json file.

Hit F1.

Type ‘test’.

Click ‘Run Test Task’.

Set up a Key Mapping for Testing

By default, there is no key map to start the testing task. It may be convenient to add one.

Click Ctrl+K+S to open the key mapping view.

Search for ‘Run Test Task’.

Hover over the tasks, and click the ‘+’ to add the binding

Click “Ctrl + Shift + T”, then Enter to add the binding.

The test task can now be accessed by hitting Ctrl+Shift+t, rather than going through the menu.

Note, that any key combination can be used — this is just my preference.

Conclusion

There is obviously a little bit more setup and configuration than is required with Visual Studio, but I have quickly come to prefer this way of working. In my opinion, doing all the setup through the command line significantly aids the understanding of what exactly is happening at each step, and so makes identifying problems later much easier.

In addition, The cross platform nature of this is a fantastic boost to any collaborative project.

I’ll admit that moving from Visual Studio to Code was a slightly jarring experience for me, with a few hurdles to overcome before I really started seeing the benefit. I hope that this tutorial has made it a little bit easier for you to make the transition!

If there are any issues with the above, please let me know in the comments.

Andy

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