Date: 202107
Local time of day: 1201-1800
Location: MIA.Tower, FL
Flight conditions: VMC
Weather elements / visibility: Haze / Smoke; 10
Light: Daylight
Aircraft: Skyhawk 172/Cutlass 172
Operator: Personal
Operating under: Part 91
Flight plan: VFR
Mission: Training
Flight phase: Cruise
Airspace: Class E ZMA
Second aircraft: Small Aircraft; Low Wing; 1 Eng; Fixed Gear
Reporter organization: Personal
Reporter function: Instructor; Pilot Not Flying
Reporter qualification: Flight Crew Flight Instructor; Flight Crew Instrument; Flight Crew Multiengine
Human factors: Communication Breakdown; Situational Awareness
Anomaly: Airspace Violation All Types; Conflict NMAC; Deviation / Discrepancy - Procedural Published Material / Policy
Detector: Person Flight Crew
When detected: In-flight
Result: Flight Crew Took Evasive Action
Contributing factors: Human Factors; Procedure
Primary problem: Procedure

Narrative: The context is flight instruction for a CPL certificate in the North Perry Practice Area (Concentrated Flight Training area A-291B) located to the North West of Miami International Airport. The day was bright and VFR but as often in South Florida in summer; quite hazy due to extremely high humidity and thermal and proximity to the Everglades. On that particular day; the traffic in the practice area was intense; most flight schools in the surroundings taking advantage of a break from the daily storms and general difficult weather we had been having for the past month and a half. My student and I were practicing CPL maneuvers (steep turns; Chandelles; Lazy Eights); in the southeast corner of the practice area making repeated announcement of location/direction of flight/and maneuvering on the frequency. As we were practicing Lazy Eights at about 2;700 ft. I spotted and heard on the common frequency two traffics practicing and maneuvering; at about respectively 3 to 4 NM; one approaching from the north and the other from the west. We therefore moved further to the southeast; temporarily exiting the training area; in an E airspace below a section of the Miami International B airspace with a 4;000 ft floor; made another call on the frequency indicated our position; intentions; directions and maneuvers.Our airplane was not equipped with ADSB-In and we were therefore only relying on visual scanning to spot other traffics. As we were in the middle of Lazy Eights I suddenly spotted; what I guess were the same the two previously spotted traffic; this time less than a mile away; one of them heading in our direction roughly 100 feet below us. We were at that time at 2;800 ft. We had to take evasive action; doing a steep 180 to the south and climbing slightly above 3;000 ft. while making further radio calls to make sure those traffic and others in the area were aware of that situation.By the time we completed our escape maneuver we were at the very edge of that section of the MIA B airspace were the floor is 3;000 ft. Checking for the position of the other traffic; which by now had also taken actions to re-establish safe separation between us; and acknowledging that we were clear; we turned back to the north while descending below 3;000 ft and re-entering that section of the B with floor at 4;000 ft.Obviously traffic is a major concern in concentrated training areas and risks are increased by VFR days such as this one; were the visibility is affected by the summer moisture haze. Usually the western; northwestern portion of the area has a less dense traffic; but that day the global movement was such that we had to be slightly on the outside of the southeastern edge.




Synopsis: Instructor Pilot reported taking evasive action to avoid a mid air collision while operating in a practice area.