Date: 201507
Local time of day: 1201-1800
Location: ZZZ.Airport, US
Flight conditions: VMC
Light: Daylight
Aircraft: EMB ERJ 145 ER/LR
Operator: Air Carrier
Operating under: Part 121
Flight plan: IFR
Mission: Passenger
Flight phase: Taxi
ATC / advisory: Ground ZZZ; Tower ZZZ
Reporter organization: Air Carrier
Reporter function: First Officer; Pilot Flying
Reporter qualification: Flight Crew Air Transport Pilot (ATP)
Human factors: Time Pressure; Situational Awareness; Distraction; Confusion; Communication Breakdown
Second reporter function: Instructor; Ground
Anomaly: Deviation / Discrepancy - Procedural Clearance; Ground Incursion Runway; Ground Incursion Taxiway
Detector: Person Air Traffic Control; Person Flight Crew
When detected: Taxi
Result: Air Traffic Control Issued Advisory / Alert; Air Traffic Control Issued New Clearance
Contributing factors: Airport; Environment - Non Weather Related; Human Factors
Primary problem: Human Factors

Narrative: When we pushed from [gate]; clearance informed us we had 9 minutes to wheels up.  Ground control gave us: 'C; B2; B; D; for RWY XX.' As we approached the end of the north ramp/western ramp area short of RWY XX; we saw barricades as NOTAM'd.  We slowed and I looked down at my -9 page and stated we take a right on B and right on D.  I heard the Captain (CA) say 'huh' and I looked back at my -9.  I felt the aircraft moving and looked up to see we had turned left on D and were crossing runway XY.  Ground control stated we had crossed an active runway and told us to hold short H.  The CA returned the call acknowledging the mistake.  We were then told right H; right A; cross RWY XY; short RWY XX at C.  At that point ground control told us they would be making a call about a pilot deviation and to contact tower.  We contacted tower and were cleared for takeoff.Threats: (1) rushing to make our wheels up time (2) the barricades at the North West end of the ramp which appeared to block the route.Errors: We should have stopped the aircraft to confirm the route when it became apparent that there was confusion. We should have confirmed clearance to cross RWY XY. I should have been more assertive in my understanding of the instructions.  I should not have relied on what I perceived as the CA's familiarity with the airport.Unwanted situation:  (1) crossing an active runway without clearance; (2) loss of situational awareness.Even when flying with a veteran CA; it is critical to check/cross-check all clearances on the ground and in the air.  Even the best intentioned crews operating within company and FAA SOP's are susceptible to errors.


Second narrative: Training on Ground Control with a trainee that had approximately 40 hrs total time on position. Trainee instructed aircraft to taxi via C; B2; B; D; to Runway XX as C was closed between D and B2 for construction. The aircraft read back the taxi route correctly. When Aircraft X came to D; the aircraft turned left towards Runway XY instead of right towards Runway XX; and the Local Controller saw it first and asked what the aircraft was doing as we attempted to correct the situation by advising Aircraft X to hold short of Runway XY. Aircraft X came back and asked if the transmission was for them; and I overrode the trainee and said hold short of Runway XY again; which the aircraft read back while already across the hold lines and on the Runway XY pavement. I then advised the aircraft to turn onto H and hold short of XX; and that they had crossed an active runway. We coordinated for the aircraft to cross XY towards XX on A and gave the brasher warning to the pilot before switching them to LC for departure.The hold lines for XY and D are so close to the B intersection that once an aircraft turns at a descent speed there is almost no way to prevent an incursion. In hindsight; possibly keying up and saying 'stop' or 'hold position' may have stopped the aircraft quicker; but I still believe the aircraft would have been across the hold lines. I personally caught a pilot a few weeks ago attempting to do the same thing in time to correct it; and my trainee said he did the same thing last week. The construction on Taxiway C; as well as the close intersection of D and A on the way to Runway XX must cause some confusion with pilots. The only other thing that I can think to prevent this is to tell the aircraft RIGHT turn on D to RWY XX; or to say A instead to prevent confusion. I don't believe that what was issued for taxi instructions was wrong; but maybe further clarification may have helped. Pavement markings and I believe wigwags were already in place for XY and D; and an airport diagram would clearly define a right turn on D for XX either way.


Synopsis: An EMB-145 flight crew incurred a runway while rushing for a time constrained takeoff with complex taxi instructions because of a closed taxiway.