Date: 201706
Local time of day: 1201-1800
Location: ZZZ.Airport, US
Weather elements / visibility: vfr clear; 10
Aircraft: Skylane 182/RG Turbo Skylane/RG
Operating under: Part 91
Flight plan: None
Mission: Training
Flight phase: Takeoff / Launch
Airspace: Class E ZZZ
ATC / advisory: CTAF ZZZ
Second aircraft: Stearman
Reporter organization: Personal
Reporter function: Instructor; Pilot Not Flying
Reporter qualification: Flight Crew Instrument; Flight Crew Flight Instructor; Flight Crew Commercial
Human factors: Situational Awareness
Second reporter function: Pilot Flying; Trainee
Anomaly: Conflict Ground Conflict; Critical
Detector: Person Flight Crew
When detected: Taxi
Result: Flight Crew Took Evasive Action
Contributing factors: Human Factors
Primary problem: Human Factors

Narrative: Conducting an annual pilot check as required by aircraft owner. Doing a series of takeoffs and landings. Pilot had just completed a second landing and taxied back for departure for a 'short field' TO Practicing CRM; I was acting as PNF; reading check list.  We completed before TO check; including our added 'base clear; final clear'; pilot made radio call 'taking [the] runway' and proceeded to runway. At edge of runway Stearman appeared in windscreen; aborting.  We braked heavily and these two actions avoided a collision. How could two experienced commercial pilots miss the short final aircraft?   Two major errors on our part -1.  Failure to have a spatial orientation of aircraft in the pattern.  Discussions with other pilots (Stearman pilot made a radio call acknowledging the near miss; made another circuit of pattern and departed airport and we did not have discussion with them)  indicates Stearman pilot made pattern position reports that neither of us registered. Radios appeared to be operating correctly. 2.  Failure to see Stearman on short final; with bright yellow wings and bright blue body. Two possibilities [occur] to me; either we did not look in the correct place or the Stearman's position was blocked by the roof of Cessna. Future actions to avoid repeat:- Before entering runway stop well back at 30 to 90 degrees to runway so as to ensure an unobstructed view along both sides of glide path.- Make radio call of intentions to enter runway and wait before moving to give any pilot on final time to respond.- Look at all possible glide paths from base in close; to furthest possible and high on final.


Second narrative: Following a full stop taxi back landing and preparing for another takeoff; I did not hear transmission of location from another aircraft in pattern. After doing a clearing turn prior to takeoff I did not observe the aircraft on final. I made a call announcing my approach to the runway for takeoff. As I approached the runway; a Stearman made a missed approach avoiding me. I need to strive to increase and maintain audio and visual situational awareness of other aircraft location in the pattern and airfield environment.I should have the radios verified as working properly to avoid intermittent reception.I need to assure a full 360 turn when checking for traffic prior to takeoff to assure high wing situation does not hinder full view of aircraft approaching the runway before crossing hold line.


Synopsis: C182 instructor pilot and student reported taxiing onto the runway creating a conflict with a landing aircraft.