Date: 201705
Local time of day: 0601-1200
Location: DPA.Airport, IL
Flight conditions: VMC
Weather elements / visibility: 10
Light: Daylight
Aircraft: Citation Excel (C560XL)
Operator: Air Taxi
Operating under: Part 135
Flight plan: IFR
Mission: Passenger
Flight phase: Taxi
ATC / advisory: Ground DPA
Second aircraft: Skyhawk 172/Cutlass 172
Reporter organization: Air Taxi
Reporter function: First Officer; Pilot Not Flying
Reporter qualification: Flight Crew Flight Instructor; Flight Crew Air Transport Pilot (ATP); Flight Crew Multiengine
Human factors: Confusion
Second reporter function: Pilot Flying; Captain
Anomaly: Conflict Ground Conflict; Less Severe; Deviation / Discrepancy - Procedural Clearance; Ground Incursion Runway; Ground Incursion Taxiway
Detector: Person Air Traffic Control; Person Flight Crew
When detected: Taxi
Result: Air Traffic Control Issued New Clearance; Flight Crew Requested ATC Assistance / Clarification; Flight Crew Became Reoriented
Contributing factors: Airport; Human Factors
Primary problem: Human Factors

Narrative: Was cleared by ground controller from the north-west ramp to runway 28 via taxiways E and H; with instructions to hold short of runway 20 right. When departing the hangar area we taxied past taxiway E and turned onto runway 10/28. When we recognized that we were on the runway; we immediately notified the ground controller. An aircraft on final was forced to conduct a go-around. Before taxiing onto the runway; the captain asked if this was the correct route and I acknowledged by saying yes; we need to make the first right. When I looked up; I did not see the runway hold short markings; as we must had already past them.I believe that factors contributing to this incident include; the close proximity of taxiway E to hangar area and lack of identifying marking in that area; the narrow width of runway 10/28; miscommunication between crew members; and the fact that myself the pilot not flying had my attention focused inside the cockpit while conducting the taxi checklist. This situation may be prevented in the future by both crew members reviewing the airport diagram and briefing the taxi route. Also; the performance of the checklist should be delayed until the aircraft is on the established route.


Second narrative: Was cleared by Ground Control to taxi to Runway 28 via Taxiway E and H with further instructions to hold short of Runway 20R. When departing the Ramp Area; we taxied past Taxiway E and turned onto Runway 10/28. Prior to entering the runway; I questioned my First Officer as to rather we were possibly taxiing on to the runway and he responded that it was not as he saw no Runway Markings. At the time the First Officer was completing the Taxi Checklist was not totally aware of our position; and did not see the Runway Entry Markings. After taxiing approximately 50 ft on the runway; we recognized we were the on the active runway. We immediately notified Ground Control; and was instructed to exit the runway at Taxiway W and we complied immediately. The contributing factors to this incident were: #1. Being unfamiliar with the airport.#2. The proximity of Taxiway E to the Ramp; and being a part of the Ramp itself.#3. A lack of identifying markings for the Taxiway and Runway.#4. Miscommunication between the Flight Crew.#5. The very narrow width of Runway 10/28.#6. The Flight Crew not property reviewing the taxi diagram; prior to beginning their taxi.This incident could have been avoided now; as well as in the future; by the Flight Crew properly briefing the ATC Taxi Instruction in conjunction with a proper review and briefing of the Airport Taxi Diagram.


Synopsis: CE560XL flight crew and Ground Controller reported a runway incursion at DPA after being cleared to taxi via E and H. Runway 10/28 was mistaken for Taxiway E.