Date: 202111
Local time of day: 1801-2400
Location: ORD.Airport, IL
Aircraft: Commercial Fixed Wing
Operator: Air Carrier
Operating under: Part 121
Flight plan: IFR
Mission: Passenger
Flight phase: Taxi
ATC / advisory: Ground ORD
Second aircraft: Heavy Transport
Reporter organization: Air Carrier
Reporter function: Captain; Pilot Flying
Reporter qualification: Flight Crew Multiengine; Flight Crew Instrument; Flight Crew Air Transport Pilot (ATP)
Human factors: Confusion; Communication Breakdown; Situational Awareness
Second reporter function: Pilot Flying; First Officer
Anomaly: ATC Issue All Types; Conflict Ground Conflict; Critical
Detector: Person Flight Crew
When detected: Taxi
Result: Flight Crew Took Evasive Action
Contributing factors: Environment - Non Weather Related; Human Factors; Procedure
Primary problem: Human Factors

Narrative: While taxiing to gate after landing on [Runway] 27R inbound from ZZZ we were on Taxiway H on the northern side of the field. We notified ATC of our gate multiple times. We were told to make a right turn on Taxiway B and to the gate. This was strange as they normally bring us down Taxiway A to cross the A bridge on the way to the X gates. As I rounded the turn near Taxiway V the FO and I saw a large aircraft coming towards us on B and he was passing the western side of the international terminal. I immediately stopped my aircraft because I was not sure what the oncoming aircraft's instructions were. He continued towards us coming from our left to go on what looked like Taxiway EE. As he taxied by I could tell it was a Heavy Aircraft Y. The Aircraft Y continued taxiing but slowed their speed as they saw us stopped. Both aircraft cleared each other; however; Aircraft Y's wing tip passed directly over my flight deck.ATC was extremely busy that night with a multitude of arrivals and departures. Upon this incident happening I instructed the FO to contact Ground and tell them about it. The Ground Controller told us he believed we were going the gate Y not X even though we told them our gate multiple times to multiple controllers that night.I think it would help immensely if ORD had a ground frequency for inbound aircraft and a different one for outbound aircraft. Assigning standard taxi routes will help reduce radio chatter as well. For example DFW utilizes standard inbound and outbound taxi routes.


Second narrative: Upon arrival in ORD; notified ground of our gate on 121.9.  Told 'right turn Bravo' from crossing 4L on Hotel.  Upon reaching the area of A18/V1 on Bravo; I noticed a dark shadow coming down Bravo taxiing opposite direction per normal.  I noticed the green light was on the left with taxi light on towards us.  I brought this to the Captain's attention who immediately stopped the aircraft.  At this position; and prior while moving; Aircraft Y was to our left; and we were to their right.  We attempted to contact ground 2-3 times before getting their attention on the radio.  By said time; the Aircraft Y had passed; with their wingtip passing directly over our nose cone; height cleared our aircraft.Ground stated they thought our gate was Y and would have turned before; to which I stated for the third time the gate was X.  They apologized and we continued via Bravo to gate after the Aircraft Y was well past.The cause is DIRECTLY links to two factors: 1- ATC listed our gate in their system as Y; but never gives entry instructions (ever) to ramp.  The taxi instructions ended with 'Bravo' and we are expected to make a turn into the gate from Bravo. 2- The use of inbound/outbound (121.9/121.75) frequencies instead of east/west or north/south like every other airport with multiple ground frequencies means that aircraft will be passing; cutting in front of; etc. without every hearing what the other aircraft is doing.  This adds major confusion daily.ATC should give terminal directions to the ramp.  For example; 'Taxi via bravo; use A15 to ramp.'  This would have triggered us to say 'we are going to the Lima gates; not Y gates.'  Change ground frequencies so that everyone on ground near each other are on the same frequencies.  Divide the airport into east/west north/south; not inbound/outbound.


Synopsis: Air carrier flight crew reported a ground conflict during taxi in at ORD airport with a Heavy aircraft. Captain stated ATC was extremely busy and that gate related communications issues contributed to the event.