Date: 201810
Local time of day: 1801-2400
Location: ZZZ.Airport, US
Aircraft: Commercial Fixed Wing
Operator: Air Carrier
Operating under: Part 121
Flight plan: IFR
Mission: Passenger
Flight phase: Taxi
Reporter organization: Air Carrier
Reporter function: Dispatcher
Reporter qualification: Dispatch Dispatcher
Anomaly: Deviation / Discrepancy - Procedural Published Material / Policy; Deviation / Discrepancy - Procedural Hazardous Material Violation
Detector: Person Dispatch; Person Ground Personnel; Person Gate Agent / CSR
When detected: In-flight
Result: General Maintenance Action
Contributing factors: Human Factors; Procedure
Primary problem: Procedure

Narrative: As the flight was about half-way to its destination; a Load Agent called to advise that he got a phone call from the crew chief who suspected that the Captain did not receive a hard-copy of the Notification to Captain (NOTOC) before departure. I sent an ACARS message to the crew asking to confirm it. After it was confirmed I called the Load Supervisor; requesting he ask [Cargo Operations Control] (COC) to send the Captain a NOTOC via ACARS. He responded that he was not sure we could do that. I explained that the COC Manual states that a NOTOC may be sent via ACARS if the flight is already airborne. In the end; I called COC myself and explained the situation and requested that they sent an ACARS NOTOC. Instead [Ops Agent] sent me some information that I relayed to the crew. This was her message; which was obviously not in compliance with established procedures: 'Cargo ops control report cc failed to provide. Captain with DG notification for Aircraft X. We have 1 [piece] 20KG. Overpack lithium ion batteries contained in equipment loaded in DP(FWD). Please notify Captain. Thank you.' To make matters worse; the Captain informed me that his ACARS printer was inoperative and on placard. I instructed him to write the information down on paper. After landing; the Captain called me to explain that the DG were on his close-out; but that he completely missed it and would file a [report] as well. For some reason; the Captain was not given a NOTOC prior to departure. Not sure who was in charge of providing the crew with a NOTOC; maybe the Crew Chief?  But somehow; it is the Crew Chief who suspected that the Captain left without his NOTOC. By that time though the flight was already in cruise. I do not know why it went undetected for that long...fatigue? Distraction? SOP's not followed? Complacency? Inexperience? Lack of training? Regardless of the reason the ground crew missed it; the flight left with 20 kilos of dangerous goods (Lithium batteries). If the Captain had not missed the DG on his closeout; the flight could have ground interrupted to get a hard copy. The Load Supervisor I talked to was unaware of any procedure to send a NOTOC via ACARS. COC agent did not seem to know about the proper mask to be used to send a NOTOC via ACARS. At the same time; another dispatcher approached me with another flight that apparently had left the gate without a NOTOC and he was wondering about the proper course of action. As he was not airborne yet; I told him the flight had to return to the gate for a hard-copy or have someone go the airplane to hand him a hard-copy. A NOTOC can only be sent via ACARS if the flight has already departed per the COC. That's two flights in a row departing ZZZ without a NOTOC within a couple of hours or less. [Suggest] better training for crew chiefs; COC agents; Load Supervisors as it relates to the dissemination of NOTOCs. Maybe send a directive system-wide to remind all parties involved that dangerous goods are just what they are: potentially dangerous; and therefore should be paid careful attention to.




Synopsis: Dispatcher reported aircraft departed without required HAZMAT form Notification to Captain.