Date: 201606
Local time of day: 1801-2400
Location: SDL.Airport, AZ
Flight conditions: VMC
Light: Night
Aircraft: Skyhawk 172/Cutlass 172
Operator: FBO
Operating under: Part 91
Flight plan: VFR
Mission: Training
Flight phase: Final Approach
Airspace: Class E SDL
ATC / advisory: CTAF SDL
Second aircraft: Super King Air 200
Reporter organization: FBO
Reporter function: Instructor; Pilot Not Flying
Reporter qualification: Flight Crew Multiengine; Flight Crew Commercial; Flight Crew Flight Instructor; Flight Crew Instrument
Human factors: Communication Breakdown; Situational Awareness
Anomaly: Conflict Ground Conflict; Critical; Deviation / Discrepancy - Procedural Published Material / Policy
Detector: Person Flight Crew
When detected: In-flight
Result: Flight Crew Took Evasive Action; Flight Crew Executed Go Around / Missed Approach
Contributing factors: Human Factors
Primary problem: Human Factors

Narrative: I was conducting a night training flight after SDL Tower hours of operation. My student and I were direct to SDL. We were announcing our intentions on the CTAF 119.9; 'cross mid-field at 3000 MSL and perform a left teardrop entry for right traffic RWY 21'; from about 8nm south/southeast of SDL. We proceeded for right traffic RWY 21 by over-flying mid-field at 3000 MSL (500 ft above TPA). We then crossed mid-field and proceeded north/northwest bound that way we could start our left teardrop for a 45 degree entry into the mid-field right downwind. We then announced our right downwind for RWY 21. We started our landing configuration abeam our touchdown point (1000 ft markings) and started initial approach to landing. We then announced our right turn for right base RWY 21 and continued with our landing configuration. We then turned and announced final RWY 21 and continued onto our final approach to landing. As we were approaching 1/2 mile final for RWY 21 a King Air approached the hold bars for RWY 21 via A16 from the blast area. We were now 1/2 mile final and this same aircraft continued onto RWY 21 without any noticeable intention to hold short RWY 21 and without any radio calls on the CTAF 119.9.At this point we announced that we were going around RWY 21. I looked down over my shoulder as the King Air was on RWY 21 centerline starting to turn his takeoff lights on. Now we are mid-field over-flying centerline of RWY 21 and the King Air starts his takeoff roll. At this point we took evasive action and turned an early right crosswind RWY 21 while stating our intentions. The King Air proceeded to continue his departure while not once stating any intentions. As my student and I were in the right downwind RWY 21 for attempt number 2; Scottsdale Ground Operations came over the CTAF and reached out to us saying they witnessed everything and were going to get the airplane's information. Throughout the go-around I was checking frequencies; COMM volumes; and testing transmissions to make sure this was not a failure on my part [and] I was not able to find any issues. This check was verified when Scottsdale Ground-ops contacted us over the CTAF and we were able to talk to them. I believe this all could have been avoided if the aircraft was on frequency and the SDL tower had been in hours of operation.




Synopsis: C172 instructor pilot reported a King Air at SDL entered the runway and began their takeoff roll with no communication while they were on short final.