Date: 202201
Local time of day: 1201-1800
Location: ZZZ.Airport, US
Flight conditions: VMC
Weather elements / visibility: 10
Light: Daylight
Aircraft: Small Aircraft; High Wing; 1 Eng; Fixed Gear
Operator: FBO
Operating under: Part 91
Flight plan: IFR
Mission: Training
Flight phase: Final Approach
Airspace: Class E ZZZ
ATC / advisory: CTAF ZZZ
Second aircraft: Small Aircraft; High Wing; 1 Eng; Fixed Gear
Reporter organization: FBO
Reporter function: Pilot Flying; Single Pilot
Reporter qualification: Flight Crew Private; Flight Crew Student
Human factors: Communication Breakdown; Distraction; Troubleshooting; Workload
Anomaly: ATC Issue All Types; Conflict NMAC; Deviation / Discrepancy - Procedural Published Material / Policy
Detector: Person Flight Crew
When detected: In-flight
Result: Flight Crew Took Evasive Action
Contributing factors: Airspace Structure; Environment - Non Weather Related; Airport
Primary problem: Environment - Non Weather Related

Narrative: Aircraft X (me and my instructor) are inbound to ZZZ on the LOC XX IAP. We were handed off to CTAF around 8 NM. We made two radio calls; stating that we were on 7 and 5 [mile] final for Runway XX for a low approach. Both times we hear Aircraft Y complaining that it is not a good idea to do straight-ins when the airport is busy (probably doesn't know we are IFR). As we reach around 2 mile final; traffic in front of Aircraft Y turns base to final; stating that they have us in sight. Aircraft Y says they cannot see us; then shortly afterwards they call turning base; putting them right in front of us at just a few hundred feet away and the same altitude. We arrest our descent and hold altitude to just let them descend away underneath us. Aircraft Y is too close to the plane in front at this point and says he must go around (since the runway is not clear); but knows we are above him so says he cannot climb. At this point we offset to the right of the runway to allow for him to climb and then we decide to just go missed and climb out on the published missed procedure.Our initial calls at 7 mile and 5 mile seem to have been received; evidenced by Aircraft Y going on frequency to complain that we shouldn't be doing a straight in after both calls. However; Aircraft Y's decision to turn base to final knowing that there was traffic inbound on final inside of 5 NM and not having that traffic in sight was extremely dangerous. The alternative was to just extend his downwind and turn base after we passed off his left wing.From our side; we should have gone missed as soon as Aircraft Y turned directly in front of us; rather than holding our altitude. We could have been above pattern altitude before crossing the departure end of the runway and been no factor.It's clear that there was a great deal of traffic at ZZZ. It was difficult to find a spot to get a radio call in; and there were many instances of peoples' transmissions being stepped on. The amount of traffic had Aircraft Y already on edge; they mentioned on the radio that ZZZ was 'a beehive' and that there were '20 people in the pattern'.I think some training on specifically how to handle inbound IFR traffic when you are VFR flying a pattern at a non-towered airport would be very helpful; and vice-versa.




Synopsis: Pilot reported a NMAC with another aircraft at a non-towered airport.